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(THE NEW PEARL HARBOR)Tj
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(Disturbing Questions about the Bush Administration and 9/11)Tj
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(by David Ray Griffin )Tj
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(foreword by Richard Folk)Tj
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(CONTENTS)Tj
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(Acknowledgements)Tj
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( vi)Tj
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(Forword by Richard Falk)Tj
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(Introduction)Tj
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(PART ONE )Tj
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(THE EVENTS OF )Tj
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(9 / )Tj
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(11)Tj
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(1. Flights 11 and 175: How Could the Hijackers' Missions Have Succeeded?\
)Tj
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(2. Flight 77: Was It Really the Aircraft that Struck the Pentagon?)Tj
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(PART TWO )Tj
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(THE LARGER CONTEXT)Tj
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(8. Did US Officials Block Captures and Investigations after 9/11?)Tj
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(PART THREE )Tj
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(9. Is Complicity by US Officials the Best Explanation?)Tj
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(Notes 169)Tj
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( )Tj
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(Index of Names 210)Tj
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( )Tj
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(OLIVE )Tj
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(BRANCH )Tj
T*
(PRESS )Tj
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(An imprint of Interlink Publishing Group, Inc. )Tj
T*
(Northampton, Massachusetts )Tj
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(First published in 2004 by )Tj
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(OLIVE BRANCH PRESS )Tj
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(www.interlinkbooks.com)Tj
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(Text copyright \251 David Ray Griffin 2004 Foreword copyright \251 Richa\
rd Falk 2004 )Tj
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(All rights reserved. No pan of this publication may be reproduced, store\
d in a retrieval )Tj
T*
(system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanic\
al )Tj
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(photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the\
publisher )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
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(unless National Security in endangered and education is essential for su\
rvival people )Tj
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(and their nation .)Tj
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( )Tj
T*
(Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data )Tj
T*
(Griffin, David Ray )Tj
T*
(The new Pearl Harbor : disturbing questions about the Bush administratio\
n and 9/11 / by )Tj
T*
(David Ray Griffin. )Tj
T*
(p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. )Tj
T*
(ISBN 1-56656-552-9 \(pbk.\) )Tj
T*
(1. United States\227Politics and government\2272001. 2. September 11 Ter\
rorist Attacks, )Tj
T*
(2001. 3. Responsibility\227Political aspects\227United States. )Tj
T*
(4. Governmental investigations\227United States. 5. Terrorism\227Governm\
ent policy\227)Tj
T*
(United States. 6. Intelligence service\227United States. )Tj
T*
(I. Title. )Tj
T*
(E902.G75 2004 973.931\227dc22 )Tj
T*
(2004001096 )Tj
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(Cover images )Tj
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(\251 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(AP Wide World Photos )Tj
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(Printed and bound in Canada )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(To request our complete 40-page full-color catalog, )Tj
T*
(please call us toll free at 1-800-238-LINK, visit our )Tj
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(website at www.interlinkbooks.com, or write to )Tj
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(Interlink Publishing )Tj
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(46 Crosby Street, Northampton, MA 01060 e-mail: info@interlinkbooks.com \
)Tj
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(Advance Praise for David Ray Griffin's)Tj
/T1_1 1 Tf
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(The New Pearl Harbor: Disturbing Questions about the Bush Administration\
and )Tj
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(9/11)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
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(This is an important, extraordinarily well-reasoned and provocative book\
that should be )Tj
T*
(widely read. Griffin raises disturbing questions that deserve thoughtful\
and truthful )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(answers from our government." \227)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Marcus Raskin, co-founder of the Institute for Policy )Tj
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(Studies)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
("David Ray Griffin has done admirable and painstaking research in review\
ing the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(mysteries surrounding the 9-11 attacks. It is the most persuasive argume\
nt I have seen for )Tj
T*
(further investigation of the Bush administration's relationship to that \
historic and )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(troubling event." \227)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Howard Zinn, author of )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(A Peoples History of the United States )Tj
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("David Ray Griffin has written what America may most of all need \227 a \
dispassionate, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(balanced, and exhaustively researched and documented account of the impl\
ausible gaps )Tj
T*
(and misrepresentations of the Bush administration's official story of 9/\
11. Sensitive to the )Tj
T*
('conspiracy theory' mind-stop that has disconnected his fellow Americans\
from the facts )Tj
T*
(of this history-steering event, Griffin painstakingly marshals the evide\
nce pro and con, )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(and follows it where it leads. A courageously impeccable work." \227)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(John McMurtry, )Tj
T*
(author of )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Value Wars: The Global Market versus the Life Economy, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Fellow of the Royal )Tj
T*
(Society of Canada and Professor of Philosophy, University of Guelph)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
("It will be painful, and disturbing, to turn the pages of this thoughtfu\
l and meticulously )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(researched book. But turn we must. For we owe the truth to those who die\
d, and nothing )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(less." )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\227Colleen Kelly, sister of Bill Kelly, jr., who was killed in the Nort\
h Tower of the )Tj
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(World Trade Center on 9/11, and co-founder of September 11th Families fo\
r Peaceful )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Tomorrows)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
("This is a very important book, David Ray Griffin's carefully researched\
and documented )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(study demonstrates a high level of probability that the Bush administrat\
ion was complicit )Tj
T*
(in allowing 9/11 to happen in order to further war plans that had alread\
y been made. A )Tj
T*
(must-read for anyone concerned about American foreign policy under the p\
resent )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(administration. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\227Rosemary Radford Ruether, Carpenter Professor of Feminist Theology, \
)Tj
T*
(Graduate Theological Union, Berkeley, California)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
("This is a must-read for all who want to get past the conspiracy of sile\
nce and )Tj
0 -1.20282 TD
(mystification that surrounds these events." )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\227John B. Cobb, Jr., Professor of Theology, )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Emeritus, Claremont School of Theology and Claremont Graduate University\
)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
("That 9/11 has become a defining moment in our history cannot be gainsai\
d. But its exact )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(significance is an exceedingly contentious question notwithstanding the \
seeming clarity )Tj
T*
(of prevailing accounts. David Ray Griffin deconstructs those accounts wi\
th a host of )Tj
T*
(unresolved puzzles strongly suggestive of some sort of culpable complici\
ty by US )Tj
T*
(officials in the event. His book presents an incontrovertible argument o\
f the need for a )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(genuinely full and independent investigation of that infamous day." \227\
)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Douglas Sturm, )Tj
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(Presidential Professor of Religion and Political Science, Emeritus, Buck\
nell University)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
("David Griffin's book is an excellent expos\351 of so many of the deeply\
troubling questions )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that must still be answered fully and transparently if democratic contro\
l over political and )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(military leaders is to mean anything at all." \227)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Michael Meacher, British member of )Tj
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(Parliament, and former Minister of the Environment)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
("This book is as full of research and authoritative notes as a field ful\
l of springtime )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(daisies. The author raises frightening questions, and the questions beg \
for answers. One )Tj
T*
(thing we can conclude for certain. The events surrounding 9/11, both bef\
ore and after, )Tj
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(cannot be simply swept under the rug of conventional wisdom.... This boo\
k gives us a )Tj
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(foundation to discover the truth, one that we may not wish to hear." \227\
)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Gerry Spence, )Tj
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(trial lawyer and author of )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(How to Argue and Win Every Time )Tj
0 -2.46948 TD
("David Griffins )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The New Pearl Harbour )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(belongs on the book shelves of all those who, in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(any way, doubt the veracity of the accounts presented to the public by t\
he Bush )Tj
T*
(administration concerning the worst terrorist attack in America's histor\
y. The facts )Tj
T*
(presented in this book are disturbing \227 and they should be. Griffin's\
book goes a long )Tj
T*
(way in answering the age-old question inherent in American political sca\
ndals: What did )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(the President know, and when did he know it?" \227)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Wayne Madsen, author, journalist, )Tj
T*
(syndicated columnist)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46948 TD
("Griffin's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The New Pearl Harbor )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(ought to be read by any American who values our )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(democracy and understands the importance of retaining the basic trust of\
the people for )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(any such democracy to survive over time." \227)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Joseph C. Hough, President, Union )Tj
T*
(Theological Seminary in New York)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
16.15384 0 0 16.15384 209.55846 491.76495 Tm
(ACKNOWLEDGMENTS)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 439.53917 Tm
(In writing this book, I received an enormous amount of help and support.\
The greatest )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(help came, of course, from the authors upon whose work I drew. Without t\
he work of )Tj
T*
(Nafeez Ahmed and Paul Thompson, this book would not have even been begun\
, and )Tj
T*
(without the books by Thierry Meyssan and )Tj
ET
0 0 1 RG
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421.355 383.37917 l
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0 0 1 rg
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15 0 0 15 287.60001 385.53917 Tm
(Michel Chossudovsky)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(, it would have been far )Tj
-17.41499 -1.33333 Td
(less complete. And then there are all those reporters and researchers wh\
o have published )Tj
T*
(relevant material in newspapers and magazines, on television shows, or o\
n the Web, )Tj
T*
(some of whom were labouring away long before Ahmed and Thompson began th\
eir )Tj
T*
(work. To some of these reporters and researchers I am indebted only indi\
rectly, through )Tj
T*
(their influence on my primary sources; to others, I am directly indebted\
. I have )Tj
T*
(acknowledged the work of at least many of them in the notes. The attempt\
to discover the )Tj
T*
(truth about 9/11 and bring it to light has been a very cooperative enter\
prise, one )Tj
T*
(involving hundreds of intensely dedicated, mostly unpaid, investigators.\
)Tj
T*
(I have received help from many other people, including Tal Avitzur, John\
Cobb, Michael )Tj
T*
(Dietrick, Hilal Elver, Richard Falk, Allison Jaqua, Gianluigi Gugliermet\
to, Colleen )Tj
T*
(Kelly, John McMurtry, Pat Patterson, Rosemary Ruether, Pamela Thompson, \
and Sarah )Tj
T*
(Wright. I wish also to thank all those who took time to express in writi\
ng their support )Tj
T*
(for this book. )Tj
T*
(I am indebted to Richard Falk for reasons that go far beyond his graciou\
s willingness to )Tj
T*
(write the Foreword. It was through his influence that I first began work\
ing on global )Tj
T*
(political matters. He has been my main discussion partner about these ma\
tters. And it )Tj
T*
(was through him that I became connected with Olive Branch Press of Inter\
link )Tj
T*
(Publishing. )Tj
T*
(I am especially grateful for this connection. The two people with whom I\
have worked at )Tj
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(Olive Branch \227 Pamela Thompson and Michel Moushabeck \227 have not on\
ly been )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(delightful collaborators. They have also manifested the kind of commitme\
nt to this book )Tj
T*
(that authors usually only dream about. )Tj
T*
(I am appreciative of my institution, the Claremont School of Theology, a\
nd especially its )Tj
T*
(president, Philip Amerson, and its dean, Jack Fitzmier, for their unstin\
ting support of )Tj
T*
(academic freedom and their recognition of the need for the schools facul\
ty to write about )Tj
T*
(vital public issues of the day. )Tj
T*
(Finally, I am, as usual, most indebted to the ongoing support from my wi\
fe, Ann Jaqua. )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
19.38461 0 0 19.38461 239.88892 636.01489 Tm
(FOREWORD)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 582.74303 Tm
(David Ray Griffin has written an extraordinary book. If carefully read w\
ith even just a )Tj
T*
(30-percent open mind, it is almost certain to change the way we understa\
nd the workings )Tj
T*
(of constitutional democracy in the United States at the highest levels o\
f government. As )Tj
T*
(such, this is a disturbing book, depicting a profound crisis of politica\
l legitimacy for the )Tj
T*
(most powerful sovereign state in the history of the world \227 a country\
, furthermore, )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(embarked on the first borderless war, with no markers of victory and def\
eat. If )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The New )Tj
T*
(Pearl Harbor )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(receives the sort of public and media attention that it abundantly deser\
ves, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(it should alter the general public debate and exert a positive influence\
on how the future )Tj
T*
(unfolds. It is rare, indeed, that a book has this potential to become a \
force of history. )Tj
0 -2.46948 TD
(What makes )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The New Pearl Harbor so )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(special is that it explores the most sensitive and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(controversial terrain \227 the broad landscape of official behavior in r\
elation to the tragedy )Tj
T*
(of 9/11 \227 in the best spirit of academic detachment, coupled with an \
exemplary display )Tj
T*
(of the strongest scholarly virtue: a willingness to allow inquiry to fol\
low the path of )Tj
T*
(evidence and reason wherever it leads. And it leads here to explosive de\
stinations, where )Tj
T*
(severe doubts are raised about the integrity and worldview of our leader\
ship in those )Tj
T*
(parts of the government that exercise the greatest control over the beha\
vior and destiny of )Tj
T*
(the country, particularly in the area of national security, which includ\
es a war overseas )Tj
T*
(and the stifling of liberties at home. Griffin brilliantly makes an over\
whelming argument )Tj
T*
(for a comprehensive, unhampered, fully funded, and suitably prominent in\
vestigation of )Tj
T*
(the entire story of how and why 9/11 happened, as well as why such an un\
precedented )Tj
T*
(breakdown of national security was not fully and immediately investigate\
d as a matter of )Tj
T*
(the most urgent national priority. There are so many gaping holes in the\
official accounts )Tj
T*
(of 9/11 that no plausible coherent narrative remains, and until now we h\
ave been )Tj
T*
(staggering forward as if the truth about these traumatic events no longe\
r mattered. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Griffin shows, with insight and a firm grasp of the many dimensions of t\
he global )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(security policy of the Bush Administration, that getting 9/11 right, eve\
n belatedly, )Tj
T*
(matters desperately. The layer upon layer of unexplained facts, the mult\
iple efforts by )Tj
T*
(those in power to foreclose independent inquiry, and the evidence of a p\
re-9/11 blueprint )Tj
T*
(by Bush insiders to do exactly what they are now doing on the basis of a\
9/11 mandate is )Tj
ET
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(why the Griffin assessment does not even require a reader with a normall\
y open mind. As )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(suggested, 30-percent receptivity will do, which means that all but the \
most dogrnatically )Tj
T*
(blinded adherents of the Bush presidency should be convinced by the basi\
c argument of )Tj
T*
(this book. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(It must be underscored that this book does not belong in the genre of "c\
onspiracy )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(theories," at least, as Griffin himself points out, in the pejorative se\
nse in which that term )Tj
T*
(is usually understood. It is a painstakingly scrupulous look at the evid\
ence, with an )Tj
T*
(accounting of the numerous discrepancies between the official account pr\
ovided by the )Tj
T*
(US government and the best information available. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Of course, it is fair to wonder, if the conclusion toward which Griffins\
evidence points is )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(correct, why this story-of-the-century has not been clearly told before \
in this country. )Tj
T*
(Why have the media been asleep? Why has Congress been so passive about f\
ulfilling its )Tj
T*
(role as a watchdog branch of government, above all protective of the Ame\
rican people? )Tj
T*
(Why have there been no resignations from on high by principled public se\
rvants )Tj
T*
(followed by electrifying revelations? There have been questions raised h\
ere and there and )Tj
T*
(allegations of official complicity made almost from the day of the attac\
ks, especially in )Tj
T*
(Europe, but as far as I know, no American until Griffin has had the pati\
ence, the )Tj
T*
(fortitude, the courage, and the intelligence to put so many pieces toget\
her in a single )Tj
T*
(coherent account. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Part of the difficulty in achieving credibility in relation to issues th\
is profoundly )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(disturbing to public confidence in the basic legitimacy of state power i\
s that the )Tj
T*
(accusatory voices most often heard are strident and irresponsible, makin\
g them easily )Tj
T*
(dismissed as "paranoid" or "outrageous" without further consideration of\
whether the )Tj
T*
(concerns raised warrant investigation. In contrast, Griffins approach is\
calm and his )Tj
T*
(argument consistently well-reasoned, making his analysis undeniably comp\
elling. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(But there are troubling forces at work that block our access to the trut\
h about 9/11. Ever )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(since 9/11 the mainstream media have worked hand-in-glove with the gover\
nment in )Tj
T*
(orchestrating a mood of patriotic fervour making any expressions of doub\
ts about the )Tj
T*
(official leadership of the country tantamount to disloyalty. Media perso\
nalities, such as )Tj
T*
(Bill Maher, who questioned, even casually, the official narrative were g\
iven pink slips, )Tj
T*
(sidelined, and silenced, sending a chilling message of intimidation to a\
nyone tempted to )Tj
T*
(voice dissident opinions. Waving the American flag became a substitute f\
or critical and )Tj
T*
(independent thought, and slogans such as "United We Stand" were used as \
blankets to )Tj
T*
(smother whatever critical impulses existed. This thought-stopping equati\
on of patriotism )Tj
T*
(with unquestioning acceptance of the present administrations policies ha\
s played into the )Tj
T*
(hands of those presidential advisors who have seen 9/11 not as a nationa\
l tragedy but\227in )Tj
T*
(the phrase used by Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld during a TV inte\
rview with )Tj
T*
(Jim Lehrer on the second anniversary of the attacks\227"a blessing in di\
sguise." )Tj
ET
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(As the spell cast by patrioteering has begun to wear off, there is anoth\
er related dynamic )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(at work to keep us from the truth\227 what psychiatrists describe as "de\
nial." The )Tj
T*
(unpleasant realities of the Iraq occupation make it difficult for most A\
mericans to )Tj
T*
(acknowledge that the whole undertaking, including the death and maiming \
of young )Tj
T*
(Americans, was based on a willful distortion of reality by the elected l\
eadership of the )Tj
T*
(country\227namely, the suggestion that Saddam Hussein was responsible fo\
r 9/11. This )Tj
T*
(unpleasantness is magnified many times over if what is at stake is the p\
ossibility that the )Tj
T*
(terrible events of 9/11 were from the outset, or before, obscured by del\
iberately woven )Tj
T*
(networks of falsehoods. Part of the impulse to deny is a desperate wish \
to avoid coming )Tj
T*
(face-to-face with the gruesome realities that are embedded in the power \
structure of )Tj
T*
(government that controls our lives. Griffin's book is a much-needed anti\
dote for the )Tj
T*
(collective denial that has paralyzed the conscience and consciousness of\
the nation )Tj
T*
(during these past few years. At the very least, it should give rise to a\
debate that is late, )Tj
T*
(but far better late than never. Long ago Thomas Jefferson warned that th\
e "price of )Tj
T*
(liberty is eternal vigilance." )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(There is no excuse at this stage of American development for a posture o\
f political )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(innocence, including an unquestioning acceptance of the good faith of ou\
r government. )Tj
T*
(After all, there has been a long history of manipulated public beliefs, \
especially in )Tj
T*
(matters of war and peace. Historians are in increasing agreement that th\
e facts were )Tj
T*
(manipulated )Tj
0 -2.2 TD
(\(1\) in the explosion of the USS Maine to justify the start of the Span\
ish-American War )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(1898\),)Tj
T*
(\(2\) with respect to the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor to justify the\
previously )Tj
T*
(unpopular entry into World War II. )Tj
T*
(\(3\) in the Gulf of Tonkin incident of 1964, used by the White House to\
justify the )Tj
T*
(dramatic extension of the Vietnam War to North Vietnam, and, most recent\
ly,)Tj
T*
(\(4\) to portray Iraq as harboring a menacing arsenal of weaponry of mas\
s destruction, in )Tj
T*
(order to justify recourse to war in defiance of international law and th\
e United Nations. )Tj
0 -2.2 TD
(The official explanations of such historic events as the atomic bombing \
of Hiroshima and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Nagasaki and the assassination of President Kennedy have also not stood \
up to scrutiny )Tj
T*
(by objective scholars. In these respects, the breaking of trust between \
government and )Tj
T*
(citizenry in the United States has deep historical roots, and is not at \
all merely a partisan )Tj
T*
(indictment of the current leadership associated with the right wing of t\
he Republican )Tj
T*
(Party. But it does pose for all of us a fundamental, haunting question. \
Why should the )Tj
T*
(official account of 9/11 be treated as sacrosanct and accepted at face v\
alue, especially as )Tj
T*
(it is the rationale for some of the most dangerous undertakings in the w\
hole history of the )Tj
T*
(world? )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(As Griffin shows, it is not necessary to go along with every suspicious \
inference in order )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(to conclude that the official account of 9/11 is thoroughly unconvincing\
. His approach is )Tj
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(based on the cumulative impact of the many soft spots in what is officia\
lly claimed to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have happened, soft spots that relate to advance notice and several indi\
cations of actions )Tj
T*
(facilitating the prospects of attack, to the peculiar gaps between the p\
ortrayal of the )Tj
T*
(attack by the media and government and independent evidence of what actu\
ally occurred, )Tj
T*
(and to the unwillingness of the government to cooperate with what meager\
efforts at )Tj
T*
(inquiry have been mounted. Any part of this story is enough to vindicate\
Griffin's basic )Tj
T*
(contention that this country and the world deserve a comprehensive, cred\
ible, and )Tj
T*
(immediate accounting of the how and why of that fateful day. Such a step\
would exhibit )Tj
T*
(today the enduring wisdom of Ben Franklins celebrated response when aske\
d what the )Tj
T*
(Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia had accomplished: )Tj
T*
("A republic, if you keep it." \227Richard Falk )Tj
/T1_0 1 Tf
19.38461 0 0 19.38461 223.19878 582.01489 Tm
(INTRODUCTION)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 543.74303 Tm
(The attacks of 9/11 have often been compared with the attacks on Pearl H\
arbor. )Tj
T*
(Investigative reporter James Bamford, for example, has written about Pre\
sident Bush's )Tj
T*
(behavior "in the middle of a modern-day Pearl Harbor.")Tj
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(1 CBS News reported that the )Tj
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(president himself, before going to bed on 9/11, wrote in his diary: "The\
Pearl Harbor of )Tj
T*
(the 21st century took place today.")Tj
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(This comparison has often been made for the sake of arguing that the Ame\
rican response )Tj
T*
(to 9/11 should be similar to the American response to Pearl Harbor. Just\
after the )Tj
T*
(presidents address to the nation on September 11, 2001, Henry Kissinger \
posted an )Tj
T*
(online article in which he said: "The government should be charged with \
a systematic )Tj
T*
(response that, one hopes, will end the way that the attack on Pearl Harb\
or ended \227 with )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(the destruction of the system that is responsible for it.")Tj
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(3 An editorial in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(magazine )Tj
-21.851 -1.33333 Td
(that appeared right after the attacks urged: "For once, let's have no fa\
tuous rhetoric about )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
('healing.'. . . A day cannot live in infamy without the nourishment of r\
age. Let's have )Tj
T*
(rage. What's needed is a unified, unifying Pearl Habor son of purple Ame\
rican fury.")Tj
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(Some of the comparisons have pointed out that the attacks of 9/11 did in\
deed evoke a )Tj
T*
(response, calling for the use of US military power, similar to that prod\
uced by Pearl )Tj
T*
(Harbor. Quoting a prediction made in 2000 by soon-to-be top officials in\
the Bush )Tj
T*
(administration that the changes they desired would be difficult unless "\
a new Pearl )Tj
T*
(Harbor" occurred,)Tj
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(5 Australian journalist John Pilger wrote: "The attacks of 11 )Tj
-7.23801 -1.33333 Td
(September 2001 provided the new Pearl Harbor.'")Tj
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(6 A member of the US Army's )Tj
-19.94501 -1.33333 Td
(Institute for Strategic Studies reported that after 9/11, "Public suppor\
t for military action )Tj
T*
(is at levels that parallel the public reaction after the attack at Pearl\
Harbor.")Tj
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(7 )Tj
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(These comparisons of 9/11 with Pearl Harbor do not seem unjustified. The\
events of )Tj
T*
(9/11, virtually everyone agrees, were the most important events of recen\
t times \227 for )Tj
T*
(both America and the rest of the world. The attacks of that day have pro\
vided the basis )Tj
ET
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(for a significant restriction on civil liberties in the United States \(\
just as Pearl Harbor led )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(to restrictions on the civil liberties of Japanese Americans\).)Tj
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(8 Those attacks have also )Tj
-23.746 -1.33333 Td
(been the basis of a worldwide "war on terror" led by the United States, \
with the wars in )Tj
T*
(Afghanistan and Iraq being the two major episodes thus far. )Tj
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(The Bush administrations "war on terror" is, moreover, widely perceived \
as a pretext for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a more aggressive imperialism. Phyllis Bennis, for example, says that 9/\
11 has resulted in )Tj
T*
("foreign policy imposed on the rest of the world through an unchallenged\
law of )Tj
T*
(empire.")Tj
ET
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(9 Of course, a few historians have been pointing out for some time that \
)Tj
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(American leaders have long desired an empire covering the whole world.)Tj
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(10 But most )Tj
-29.298 -1.33333 Td
(critics of US foreign policy believe that the imperialism of the Bush II\
administration, )Tj
T*
(especially since 9/11, has been much more explicit, far-reaching, and ar\
rogant.)Tj
ET
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(11 )Tj
-31.492 -1.33333 Td
(Richard Falk has, in fact, referred to it as "the global domination proj\
ect.")Tj
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(12 Although )Tj
-29.506 -1.33333 Td
(there was an outpouring of good will toward America after 9/11 and a wid\
espread )Tj
T*
(willingness to accede to its claim that the attacks gave it a mandate to\
wage a worldwide )Tj
T*
(war on terrorism, this good will was quickly exhausted. American foreign\
policy is now )Tj
T*
(criticized around the world more widely and severely than ever before, e\
ven more so )Tj
T*
(than during the war in Vietnam. The American answer to all criticism, ho\
wever, is 9/11. )Tj
T*
(When Europeans criticized the Bush administrations intention to go to wa\
r against Iraq, )Tj
T*
(for example, several US opinion-makers supportive of the war explained t\
he difference )Tj
T*
(in perception by saying that the Europeans had not suffered the attacks \
of 9/11. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(The Failure of the Press)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Given the role of 9/11 in leading to this much more explicit and aggress\
ive imperialism, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(some observers have suggested that historians will come to look back on \
it as the real )Tj
T*
(beginning of the 21st century.)Tj
ET
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(13 Nevertheless, in spite of the virtually universal )Tj
-11.97099 -1.33333 Td
(agreement that 9/11 has been of such transcendent importance, there has \
been little )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(public scrutiny of this event itself. On the first anniversary of the 9/\
11 attacks, the )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(New )Tj
T*
(York Times)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( wrote: "One year later, the public knows less about the circumstances o\
f )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(2,801 deaths at the foot of Manhattan in broad daylight than people in 1\
912 knew within )Tj
T*
(weeks about the Titanic.")Tj
ET
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(14 That was the case in part because the Bush administration, )Tj
-10.18401 -1.33333 Td
(arguing that an investigation would be a distraction from the needed "wa\
r on terrorism," )Tj
T*
(resisted the call for a special commission. But the publics lack of info\
rmation about 9/11 )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(was also due in large part to the fact that the )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(and the rest of the mainline press had )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(not authorized investigative reports, through which the publics lack of \
knowledge might )Tj
T*
(have been overcome. Another year later, furthermore, the situation remai\
ned virtually the )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(same. On September 11, 2003, a writer for the )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Philadelphia Daily News )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(asked: "why )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(after 730 days do we know so little about what really happened that day?\
")Tj
ET
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(15 )Tj
-29.597 -2.60001 Td
(The American press has, in particular, provided no in-depth investigatio\
n of whether the )Tj
T*
(official account of what happened fits with the available evidence and i\
s otherwise )Tj
ET
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(plausible.)Tj
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(16 Many newspaper and television stories have, to be sure, raised severa\
l )Tj
-3.86099 -1.33333 Td
(disturbing questions about the official account, showing that there are \
elements of it that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(do not seem to make sense or that seem to contradict certain facts. But \
the press has not )Tj
T*
(confronted government officials with these apparent implausibilities and\
contradictions. )Tj
T*
(The mass media have not, moreover, provided the public with any comprehe\
nsive )Tj
T*
(overviews that lay out all the disturbing questions of which they are aw\
are. There have )Tj
T*
(been many very important stories by a number of journalists, including t\
he )Tj
T*
(internationally known, award-winning journalist Gregory Palast and Canad\
a's award-)Tj
T*
(winning Barrie Zwicker \(see notes )Tj
ET
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(16 and )Tj
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(18\). But such stories, if even seen, have )Tj
-17.588 -1.33333 Td
(been largely forgotten by the collective consciousness, as they have rem\
ained individual )Tj
T*
(products of brilliant and courageous reporting, having thus far not been\
allowed to add )Tj
T*
(up to anything significant. Finally, although strong criticisms of the o\
fficial account have )Tj
T*
(been presented by many otherwise credible individuals, the mass media ha\
ve not exposed )Tj
T*
(the public to their views. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Criticisms of the official account are, to be sure, inflammatory, for to\
reject the official )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(account is to imply that US leaders, including the president, have const\
ructed a massive )Tj
T*
(lie. And if they did construct a false account, they would have done so,\
most people )Tj
T*
(would assume, in order to cover up their own complicity. And that is ind\
eed the )Tj
T*
(conclusion of most critics of the official account. That would certainly\
be an )Tj
T*
(inflammatory charge. But how can we claim to have a free press \227 a Fo\
urth Estate \227 if )Tj
T*
(it fails to investigate serious charges made against a sitting president\
on the grounds that )Tj
T*
(they are too inflammatory? The charges against President Nixon in the Wa\
tergate scandal )Tj
T*
(were inflammatory. The charges against President Reagan in the Iran-Cont\
ra affair were )Tj
T*
(inflammatory. The various charges brought against President Clinton were\
inflammatory. )Tj
T*
(In all these cases, however, the press reported the issues \(albeit in t\
he first two cases )Tj
T*
(rather belatedly\). It is precisely in such situations that we most need\
an independent )Tj
T*
(press. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(But the press has failed to do its job with regard to 9/11 even though i\
f the official )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(account of 9/11 were found to be false, the consequences would be enormo\
us \227 much )Tj
T*
(more so than with any of those prior scandals. The official account of 9\
/11 has been used )Tj
T*
(as the justification for the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq, which have re\
sulted in the deaths )Tj
T*
(not only of thousands of combatants but also of far more innocent civili\
ans than were )Tj
T*
(killed on 9/11. This account has been used as the justification for doze\
ns of other )Tj
T*
(operations around the world, most of which are largely unknown to the Am\
erican people. )Tj
T*
(It has been used to justify the USA PATRIOT Act, through which the civil\
liberties of )Tj
T*
(Americans have been curtailed. And it has been used to justify the indef\
inite )Tj
T*
(incarceration of countless people in Guantanamo and elsewhere. And yet t\
he press has )Tj
T*
(been less aggressive in questioning President Bush about 9/11 than it wa\
s in questioning )Tj
T*
(President Clinton about his relationship with Monica Lewinsky, a very tr\
ivial matter by )Tj
T*
(comparison. )Tj
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(The failure of the American media in this regard has been admitted by so\
me insiders. For )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(example, Rena Golden, executive vice-president and general manager of CN\
N )Tj
T*
(International, was quoted as saying in August of 2002 that the American \
press had )Tj
T*
(censored itself on both 9/11 and the war in Afghanistan. "Anyone who cla\
ims the US )Tj
T*
(media didn't censor itself," Golden added, "is kidding you. And this isn\
't just a CNN )Tj
T*
(issue \227 every journalist who was in any way involved in 9/11 is partl\
y responsible.")Tj
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(17 )Tj
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(As to why this has been the case, CBS anchorman Dan Rather has said: )Tj
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(There was a time in South Africa that people would put flaming tires )Tj
T*
(around people's necks if they dissented. And in some ways the fear is th\
at )Tj
T*
(you will be necklaced here, you will have a flaming tire of lack of )Tj
T*
(patriotism put around your neck. Now it is that fear that keeps journali\
sts )Tj
T*
(from asking the toughest of the tough questions.)Tj
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(Rather's confession surely explains at least part of the press's reticen\
ce to question the )Tj
T*
(official account, especially since journalists perceived as unpatriotic \
are in danger of )Tj
T*
(being fired. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(One of the chief critics of the official account, Thierry Meyssan, sugge\
sts that Americans )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have viewed any criticism of the official account to be not only unpatri\
otic but even )Tj
T*
(sacrilegious. On September 12, Meyssan reminds us, President Bush announ\
ced his )Tj
T*
(intention to lead "a monumental struggle of Good versus Evil.")Tj
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(19 On September 13, he )Tj
-25.259 -1.33333 Td
(declared that the next day would be a National Day of Prayer and Remembr\
ance for the )Tj
T*
(Victims of the Terrorist Attacks. And on September 14, the president him\
self, )Tj
T*
(surrounded by Billy Graham, a cardinal, a rabbi, and an imam as well as \
four previous )Tj
T*
(presidents and many members of Congress, delivered the sermon. In this s\
ermon, he said: )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Our responsibility to history is already clear: to answer these attacks \
and rid the world of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evil. War has been waged against us by stealth and deceit and murder. Th\
is nation is )Tj
T*
(peaceful, but fierce when stirred to anger....In every generation, the w\
orld has produced )Tj
T*
(enemies of human freedom. They have attacked America, because we are fre\
edom's )Tj
T*
(home and defender. And the commitment of our fathers is now the calling \
of our time....)Tj
T*
([W]e ask almighty God to watch over our nation, and grant us patience an\
d resolve in all )Tj
T*
(that is to come.... And may He always guide our country. God bless Ameri\
ca.)Tj
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(Through this unprecedented event, in which the president of the United S\
tates issued a )Tj
T*
(declaration of war from a cathedral, Meyssan observes, "the American gov\
ernment )Tj
T*
(consecrated...its version of events. From then on, any questioning of th\
e official truth )Tj
T*
(would be seen as sacrilege.")Tj
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(9/II and the Left)Tj
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( )Tj
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(If raising disturbing questions about the official account would be seen\
as both )Tj
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(unpatriotic and sacrilegious, it is not surprising that, as both Rena Go\
lden and Dan )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Rather admit, the mainline press in America has not raised these questio\
ns. It is also not )Tj
T*
(surprising that right-wing and even middle-of-the-road commentators on p\
olitical affairs )Tj
T*
(have not raised serious questions about the official account. It is not \
even surprising that )Tj
T*
(some of them \227 including Jean Bethke Elshtain, a professor of social \
and political ethics )Tj
T*
(\227 have declared that the accusation of official complicity is beyond \
the pale of )Tj
T*
(reasonable debate, so that any arguments on its behalf can simply be ign\
ored. Elshtain, )Tj
T*
(calling the suggestion that American officials, including the president,\
were complicit in )Tj
T*
(the attacks "preposterous," adds: "This sort of inflammatory madness exi\
sts outside the )Tj
T*
(boundary of political debate" and therefore does not even "deserve a hea\
ring.")Tj
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(22 From )Tj
-31.271 -1.33333 Td
(this perspective, it is not necessary to examine the evidence put forwar\
d by critics of the )Tj
T*
(official account, even though some of these critics are fellow intellect\
uals teaching in )Tj
T*
(neighboring universities \227 such as two well-respected Canadian academ\
ics, economist )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Michel Chossudovsky and social philosopher John McMurtry. )Tj
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(23 Although Elshtain )Tj
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ses and our ethics )Tj
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(will be wrong too,")Tj
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(24 she evidently thinks it unnecessary to consider the possibility that \
)Tj
-7.741 -1.33333 Td
(the official description about the events of 9/11 might be wrong. Althou\
gh this attitude is )Tj
T*
(unfortunate, especially when it is expressed within the intellectual com\
munity, it is not )Tj
T*
(surprising. )Tj
0 -2.46948 TD
(What )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(is )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(surprising, however, is that America's leftist critics of US policy, who\
are seldom )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(worried about being called either unpatriotic or sacrilegious, have for \
the most part not )Tj
T*
(explored, at least in public discourse, the possibility of official comp\
licity.)Tj
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(25 )Tj
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(These critics have, to be sure, been extremely critical of the way in wh\
ich the Bush )Tj
T*
(administration has responded to 9/11. They have, in particular, pointed \
out that this )Tj
T*
(administration has used 9/11 as an excuse to enact policies and carry ou\
t operations that )Tj
T*
(have little if any relation to either punishing the perpetrators of the \
attacks or preventing )Tj
T*
(further such attacks in the future. They have even pointed out that most\
of these policies )Tj
T*
(and operations were already on the agenda of the Bush administration bef\
ore the attacks, )Tj
T*
(so that 9/11 was not the cause but merely the pretext for enacting them.\
These critics also )Tj
T*
(know that the United States has many times in the past fabricated an "in\
cident" as a )Tj
T*
(pretext for going to war \227 most notoriously for the wars against Mexi\
co, Cuba, and )Tj
T*
(Vietnam.)Tj
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(26 But few of these critics have seriously discussed, at least in public\
, whether )Tj
-3.694 -1.33333 Td
(this might also be the case with 9/11, even though a demonstration of th\
is fact, if it were )Tj
T*
(true, would surely be the most effective way to undermine policies of th\
e Bush )Tj
T*
(administration to which they are so strongly opposed. Abjuring a "conspi\
racy theory, )Tj
T*
(they accept, at least implicidy, a "coincidence theory," according to wh\
ich the attacks of )Tj
T*
(9/11 were, from the administrations point of view, simply a godsend, whi\
ch just )Tj
T*
(happened to allow it to carry out its agenda. )Tj
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(An example is provided by Rahul Mahajan, a brilliant and outspoken criti\
c of US )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(imperialism. He analyzes the themes of US imperialism since 9/11 in the \
light of the )Tj
T*
(document alluded to earlier that mentioned the need for a "new Pearl Har\
bor," this being )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(Rebuilding America's Defenses, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(which was prepared by the Project for the New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(American Century. Three of the major themes of this document, Mahajan em\
phasizes, )Tj
T*
(are the need to place more military bases around the world from which po\
wer can be )Tj
T*
(projected, the need to bring about "regime change" in countries unfriend\
ly to American )Tj
T*
(interests, and the need for greatly increased military spending, especia\
lly for "missile )Tj
T*
(defense" \227 explicidy understood not as deterrence but as "a prerequis\
ite for maintaining )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(American preeminence" by preventing other countries from deterring )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(us. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mahajan then )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(points out that "[t]he 9/11 attacks were a natural opportunity to jack u\
p the military )Tj
T*
(budget" and that the other ideas in this document, in conjunction with t\
he well-known )Tj
T*
(preoccupation of Bush and Cheney with oil, provided the major themes of \
their post-9/11 )Tj
T*
(imperial strategy. Mahajan also notes that this document said that the d\
esired )Tj
T*
(transformation of the military would probably be politically impossible \
"absent some )Tj
T*
(catastrophic and catalyzing event \227 like a new Pearl Harbor." And Mah\
ajan even adds )Tj
T*
(that "within a year they [the authors of this document] had their Pearl \
Harbor and the )Tj
T*
(chance to turn their imperial fantasies into reality." After pointing ou\
t all of this, )Tj
T*
(however, Mahajan opts for coincidence over conspiracy, saying: "Conspira\
cy theorists )Tj
T*
(will no doubt rejoice, but this, like so many events in the history of U\
S foreign policy, is )Tj
T*
(simply another example of Pasteur's famous axiom that 'Fortune favors th\
e prepared )Tj
T*
(mind.")Tj
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(27 )Tj
-2.714 -2.60001 Td
(Mahajan may, of course, be right. But he gives us no reason to think so.\
He, in particular, )Tj
T*
(reveals no sign of having studied the evidence provided by those who hav\
e argued that )Tj
T*
(the attacks could have been successful only through the complicity of th\
e US )Tj
T*
(government. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(How This Book Came About)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Whether or not it is true that Mahajan dismissed the evidence without ex\
amination, it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was certainly true of me. Until the spring of 2003, I had not looked at \
any of the )Tj
T*
(evidence. I was vaguely aware that mere were people, at least on the Int\
ernet, who were )Tj
T*
(offering evidence against the official account of 9/11 and were suggesti\
ng a revisionist )Tj
T*
(account, according to which US officials were complicit. But I did not t\
ake the time to )Tj
T*
(try to find their websites. I had been studying the history of American \
expansionism and )Tj
T*
(imperialism quite intensely since 9/11, so I knew that the US government\
had fabricated )Tj
T*
("incidents" as an excuse to go to war several times before. Nevertheless\
, although the )Tj
T*
(thought did cross my mind that 9/11 might likewise have been arranged, I\
did not take )Tj
T*
(this possibility seriously. It seemed to me simply beyond belief that th\
e Bush )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(administration \227 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(even )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(the Bush administration \227 would do such a heinous thing. I )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(assumed that those who were claiming otherwise must be "conspiracy theor\
ists" in the )Tj
T*
(derogatory sense in which this term is usually employed \227 which means\
, roughly, )Tj
ET
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("crackpots." I knew that if they were right, this would be very importan\
t. But I was so )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(confident that they must be wrong \227 that their writings would consist\
merely of loony )Tj
T*
(theories based on wild inferences from dubious evidence \227 that I had \
no motivation to )Tj
T*
(invest time and energy in tracking these writings down. I fully sympathi\
ze, therefore, )Tj
T*
(with the fact that most people have not examined the evidence. Life is s\
hort and the list )Tj
T*
(of conspiracy theories is long, and we all must exercise judgment about \
which things are )Tj
T*
(worth our investment of time. I had assumed that conspiracy theories abo\
ut 9/11 were )Tj
T*
(below the threshold of possible credibility. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(But then a fellow professor sent me an e-mail message that provided some\
of the relevant )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(websites. Knowing her to be a sensible person, I looked up some of the m\
aterial on the )Tj
T*
(Internet, especially a massive timeline entitled "Was 9/11 Allowed to Ha\
ppen?" by an )Tj
T*
(independent researcher named Paul Thompson.)Tj
ET
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(28 I was surprised, even amazed, to see )Tj
-18.968 -1.33333 Td
(\227 even though Thompson limits himself strictly to mainline sources )Tj
ET
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(29 \227 how much )Tj
-27.778 -1.33333 Td
(evidence he had found that points to the conclusion that the Bush admini\
stration did )Tj
T*
(indeed intentionally allow the attacks of 9/11 to happen. At about the s\
ame time, I )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(happened to read Gore Vidal's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dreaming War: Blood for Oil and the Cheney-Bush Junta, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
T*
(which pointed me to the most extensive book on 9/11, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The War on Freedom: How and )Tj
0 -1.20282 TD
(Why America Was Attacked September 11, 2001, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(by Nafeez Ahmed, an independent )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(researcher in England. )Tj
ET
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(30 Ahmed's book provides an organized, extensively )Tj
-9.21899 -1.33333 Td
(documented argument that directly challenges the accepted wisdom about 9\
/11, which is )Tj
T*
(that it resulted from a "breakdown" within and among our intelligence ag\
encies. )Tj
ET
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(31 )Tj
-32.283 -1.33333 Td
(Ahmed, like Thompson, suggests that the attacks must have resulted from \
complicity in )Tj
T*
(high places, not merely from incompetence in lower places. Ahmed's and T\
hompsons )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(material taken together, I saw, provided a strong )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(prima facie )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(case for this contention, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(certainly strong enough to merit an extensive investigation by the Ameri\
can press, the )Tj
T*
(US Congress, )Tj
ET
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(32 and the 9/11 Independent Commission, )Tj
ET
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(33 all of which had thus far )Tj
-23.508 -1.33333 Td
(operated on the assumption that 9/11 resultedfrom intelligence and commu\
nication )Tj
T*
(failures. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(I also saw, however, that the work of Thompson and Ahmed was not likely \
to reach very )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(many of the American people. Thompson's timelines, while extremely helpf\
ul for )Tj
T*
(researchers with the time and patience to work through them, were not ea\
sily readable by )Tj
T*
(ordinary citizens, partly because they were available only online and pa\
rtly because, as )Tj
T*
(the name "timeline" indicates, the evidence was arranged chronologically\
rather than )Tj
T*
(topically. )Tj
ET
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(34 And, although Ahmed's evidence was in a book and was arranged )Tj
-4 -1.33333 Td
(topically, the book was quite long and contained far more material than \
needed to )Tj
T*
(support the basic argument. Much of this additional material was, furthe\
rmore, in the )Tj
T*
(book's early chapters, so that one had to work through several chapters \
before getting to )Tj
T*
(the evidence that directly contradicted the official account. If the imp\
ortant information )Tj
T*
(provided by Ahmed and Thompson were to reach many people, including busy\
members )Tj
T*
(of Congress and the press, something else would be needed. )Tj
ET
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(I decided, accordingly, to write a magazine article that would summarize\
the main )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evidence and also point interested readers to the studies of Thompson, A\
hmed, and )Tj
T*
(others presenting a revisionist account of 9/11. But that article grew i\
nto a book-length )Tj
T*
(manuscript, because I soon found that, even though I tried to limit myse\
lf to the most )Tj
T*
(important evidence, it was impossible within the confines of an article \
to present an )Tj
T*
(intelligible account that would do justice to the evidence that has been\
provided by these )Tj
T*
(researchers. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(After I began writing, furthermore, I learned of the work of the previou\
sly mentioned )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(French researcher, Thierry Meyssan, in particular his hypothesis that th\
e aircraft that hit )Tj
T*
(the Pentagon could not have been a Boeing 757, which is what Flight 77 w\
as, but must )Tj
T*
(have been a guided missile. When I first learned of this revisionist hyp\
othesis, I \227 )Tj
T*
(probably like most people now reading my report of it \227 assumed it wa\
s completely )Tj
T*
(absurd. Surely the difference between a gigantic 757 and a relatively sm\
all missile is so )Tj
T*
(great that if the Pentagon had been hit merely by a missile, Pentagon of\
ficials could not )Tj
T*
(have convinced anyone that it was a 757! Did we not learn from press rep\
orts that the )Tj
T*
(hole created in the side of the Pentagon was 200 feet wide and five stor\
ies high? Had we )Tj
T*
(not learned from one of the passengers on Flight 77 \227 TV commentator \
Barbara Olson )Tj
T*
(\227 that it was headed toward Washington? And had not eyewitnesses iden\
tified it? )Tj
T*
(Virtually everyone, including most critics of the official account of 9/\
11, accepted the )Tj
T*
(idea that the Pentagon was hit by Flight 77. How could they all be wrong\
? Nevertheless, )Tj
T*
(after I got Meyssan's books and read them for myself, I saw that his cas\
e as absurd as it )Tj
T*
(had seemed at first glance, is quite strong. I eventually became convinc\
ed, in fact, that it )Tj
T*
(is with regard to the strike on the Pentagon that \227 assuming Meyssan'\
s descriptions of )Tj
T*
(the evidence to be accurate the official account seems most obviously fa\
lse. Or at least )Tj
T*
(that it is tied for first place for this honor. The fact that the offici\
al account of the strike )Tj
T*
(on the Pentagon is still widely accepted provides an especially good exa\
mple, therefore, )Tj
T*
(of the fact that most of the public has simply not been exposed to the r\
elevant evidence. )Tj
T*
(The present book seeks to bring together all the major strands of this e\
vidence. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(No previous book has done this. Ahmed's book, while easily the most comp\
rehensive, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(does not have much of the evidence contained in Thompson's timelines and\
in Meyssan's )Tj
T*
(books. And Meyssan's books while containing important evidence not avail\
able )Tj
T*
(elsewhere, do not have most of the information provided by Ahmed and Tho\
mpson. The )Tj
T*
(same is true of the other most important book in English on the subject,\
Michel )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Chossudovsky's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(War and Globalisation: The Truth Behind September 11. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(As its subtitle )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(indicates, it focuses on the background to 9/11, dealing with 9/11 itsel\
f only briefly. In )Tj
T*
(the present book, I have brought together what seems to me the most impo\
rtant evidence )Tj
T*
(found in these )Tj
ET
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(35 and some other sources. )Tj
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(36 )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
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(The Book's Contents)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
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(As I see it, five major types of evidence have been raised against the o\
fficial account. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(The first type, which involves inconsistencies and implausibilities in t\
he official account )Tj
T*
(of what happened on 9/11 itself, is discussed in the four chapters of Pa\
rt I. The four other )Tj
T*
(types of evidence are discussed in Part II. All this evidence is organiz\
ed in terms of a )Tj
T*
(number of "disturbing questions," )Tj
ET
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(37 which are disturbing precisely because they )Tj
-13.78799 -1.33333 Td
(suggest that official account is, as the tide of the English translation\
of Meyssan's first )Tj
T*
(book on the subject calls it, a "big lie." )Tj
ET
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(38 They are also disturbing beause they suggest )Tj
-15.73199 -1.33614 Td
(the revisionist thesis that the attacks of 9/11, which President Bush ha\
s rightly called )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(evil, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
T*
(were carried out with the complicity or so officials of the Bush adminis\
tration itself. In )Tj
T*
(the Conclusion, I ask whether the best explanation of the evidence prese\
nted in the prior )Tj
T*
(chapters is indeed, as the revisionists suggest, official complicity in \
the attacks of 9/11. I )Tj
T*
(then discuss the implications for the kind of investigation now needed. \
)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Possible Meanings of "Official Complicity")Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Although the revisionist writings on which this book draws charge offici\
al complicity in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the attacks of 911, one thing missing in them is any careful discussion \
of just what they )Tj
T*
(mean by "official complicity." There are at least eight possible views o\
f what official )Tj
T*
(complicity in the attacks of 9/11 might mean. In order that readers can \
decide, as they )Tj
T*
(examine the evidence, which kind of official complicity, if any, the evi\
dence supports, I )Tj
T*
(list these eight possible views here in ascending order of seriousness \227\
meaning the )Tj
T*
(seriousness of the charge against the Bush administration that the view \
would imply. )Tj
0 -2.46947 TD
(1. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Construction of a False Acount: )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(One possible view, is that although US officials )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(played no role in facilitating the attacks and did not even expect them,\
they constructed a )Tj
T*
(false account of what really happened \227 whether to protect National S\
ecurity, to cover )Tj
T*
(up potentially embarrassing facts, to exploit the attacks to enact their\
agenda, or for some )Tj
T*
(other reason. Athough this would be the least serious charge, it would b\
e sufficiently )Tj
T*
(serious for impeachment \227 especiallv if the president had lied about \
9/11 for personal )Tj
T*
(gain or to advance some pre-established agenda, such as attacking Afghan\
istan and Iraq. )Tj
0 -2.46948 TD
(2. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Something Expected by Intelligence Agencies: )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(A second possible view is that although )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(they had no specific information about the attacks in advance, some US i\
ntelligence )Tj
T*
(agencies \227 such as the FBI, the CIA, and some intelligence agencies o\
f the US military )Tj
T*
(\227 expected some sort of attacks to occur. Although they played no rol\
e in planning the )Tj
T*
(attacks, they perhaps played a role in facilitating them in the sense of\
deliberately not )Tj
T*
(taking steps to prevent them. Then, having done this without White House\
knowledge, )Tj
T*
(they persuaded the White House after 9/11 not only to cover up their gui\
lt, by )Tj
T*
(constructing a false account, but also to carry out the agenda for which\
the attacks were )Tj
T*
(intended to gain support. )Tj
0 -2.46948 TD
(3. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Specific Events Expected by Intelligence Agencies: )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(A third possible view is)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(that )Tj
ET
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(intelligence agencies \(but not the White House\) had specific informati\
on about the timing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and the targets of the attacks. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.46948 TD
(4. Intelligence Agencies Involved in Planning: )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(A fourth possible view is that intelligence )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(agencies \(but not the White House\) actively participated planning the \
attacks. )Tj
0 -2.46947 TD
(5. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagon Involved in Planning: A fifth )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(possible view is that the Pentagon \(but not the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(White House\) actively participated in planning the attacks )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.46948 TD
(6. Something Expected by White House: )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(A sixth possible view is that although the White )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(House had no specific knowledge of the attacks in advance, it expected s\
ome sort of )Tj
T*
(attacks to occur and was a party to facilitating them, at least in the s\
ense of not ordering )Tj
T*
(that they be prevented. )Tj
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(39 This view allows for the possibility that the White House )Tj
-9.35899 -1.33333 Td
(might have been shocked by the amount of death and destruction caused by\
the attacks )Tj
T*
(that were actually carried out. )Tj
0 -2.46948 TD
(7. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Specific Advance Knowledge by White House: )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(A seventh possible view is that the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(White House had specific foreknowledge of the targets and the timing of \
the attacks. )Tj
0 -2.46948 TD
(8. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(White House Involved in Planning: )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(An eighth possible view is that the White House )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was a party to planning the attacks. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(As these possibilities show, a charge that 9/11 involved "complicity" or\
"conspiracy" on )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the part of US officials can be understood in many ways, several of whic\
h do not involve )Tj
0 -1.20282 TD
(active involvement in the planning, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(most )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(of which do not involve presidential )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(involvement in this planning. One reason these distinctions are importan\
t is that they )Tj
T*
(show that discussion of the idea of official complicity \227 whether suc\
h complicity is )Tj
T*
(being charged or rejected \227 needs to be more nuanced than is often th\
e case. For )Tj
T*
(example, the charge that Jean Bethke Elshtain rejects as "preposterous" \
is the "charge )Tj
T*
(that American officials, up to and including the president of the United\
States, )Tj
T*
(engineered the attacks to bolster their popularity." )Tj
ET
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(40 In so wording it, she not only )Tj
-20.23801 -1.33333 Td
(equates the charge of official complicity with the eighth of the possibl\
e views listed )Tj
T*
(above, which is the strongest charge, but also ties this charge to the i\
mputation of a )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(specific)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(motive to the American officials allegedly involved \227 that of bolster\
ing their )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(own popularity. Having dismissed that highly specific charge as preposte\
rous, she )Tj
T*
(evidently assumes that the whole idea of official complicity has been la\
id to rest. But )Tj
T*
(there are many other possibilities. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(For example, Michael Parenti, one of the few well-known leftist thinkers\
to have )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(suggested some form of official complicity, points out, like Mahajan, th\
at the attacks )Tj
T*
(were so convenient that they have provoked suspicion: "The September ter\
rorist attacks )Tj
T*
(created such a serviceable pretext for reactionism at home and imperiali\
st expansion )Tj
ET
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(abroad as to leave many people suspecting that the US government itself \
had a hand in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the event." Parenti at first seems to dismiss this suspicion as complete\
ly as Mahajan, )Tj
T*
(saying: "I find it hard to believe that the White House or the CIA activ\
ely participated in )Tj
T*
(a conspiracy to destroy the World Trade Center and part of the Pentagon,\
killing such )Tj
T*
(large numbers of Americans in order to create a casus belli against Afgh\
anistan." )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(41 )Tj
-32.67799 -2.60001 Td
(Parenti, however, does not stop there. Citing an article by Patrick Mart\
in, who refers to )Tj
T*
(some facts suggesting official complicity, Parenti endorses Martins conc\
lusion \227 that )Tj
T*
(although the US government did not plan the details of the attacks or an\
ticipate that )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(thousands of people would be killed, it "expected )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(something )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(to happen and looked the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(other way." )Tj
ET
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(42 Parenti thereby illustrates the second or, more likely, the sixth of \
the )Tj
-4.879 -1.33333 Td
(possible views. )Tj
0 -2.46948 TD
(In any case, I have found, as I have said, that the revisionists have ma\
de a strong )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(prima )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(facie )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(case for at least some version of the charge of official complicity. To \
say that they )Tj
T*
(have made a )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(convincing )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(case would require a judgment that the evidence that they cite is )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(reliable. And, although I have repeated only evidence that seemed credib\
le to me, I have )Tj
T*
(not independendy verified the accuracy of this evidence. As the reader w\
ill see, this )Tj
T*
(evidence is so extensive and of such a nature that no individual \227 es\
pecially no )Tj
T*
(individual with very limited time and resources \227 could check out its\
accuracy. It is for )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(this reason that I claim only that these revisionists have presented a s\
trong )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(prima facie )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(case for official complicity, strong enough to merit investigations by t\
hose who do have )Tj
T*
(the necessary resources to carry them out \227 the press and the US Cong\
ress. If a )Tj
T*
(significant portion of the evidence summarized here holds up, the conclu\
sion that the )Tj
T*
(attacks of 9/11 succeeded because of official complicity would become vi\
rtually )Tj
T*
(inescapable. )Tj
0 -2.46948 TD
(I should perhaps emphasize that it is not necessary for )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(all )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(of the evidence to stand up, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(given the nature of the argument. Some arguments are, as we say, "only a\
s strong as the )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(weakest link." These are )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(deductive )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(arguments, in which each step in the argument )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(depends on the truth of the previous step. If a single premise is found \
to be false, the )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(argument fails. However, the argument for official complicity in 9/11 is\
a )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(cumulative )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(argument. This kind of argument is a general argument consisting of seve\
ral particular )Tj
T*
(arguments that are independent from each other. As such, each particular\
argument )Tj
T*
(provides support for all the others. Rather than being like a chain, a c\
umulative argument )Tj
T*
(is more like a cable composed of many strands. Each strand strengthens t\
he cable. But if )Tj
T*
(there are many strands, the cable can still hold a lot of weight even if\
some of them )Tj
T*
(unravel. As the reader will see, there are many strands in the argument \
for official )Tj
T*
(complicity in 9/11 summarized in this book. If the purported evidence on\
which some of )Tj
T*
(these are based turns out to be unreliable, that would not necessarily u\
ndermine the )Tj
T*
(overall argument. This cumulative argument would then simply be supporte\
d by fewer )Tj
T*
(strands. And some of the strands are such that, if the evidence on which\
they are based is )Tj
ET
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(confirmed, the case could be supported by one or two of them. )Tj
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(43 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-25.27299 -2.60333 Td
("Conspiracy Theories")Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Before turning to the evidence, however, we should pause to consider the\
fact, to which )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(allusion has been made, that it seems widely assumed that any such case \
can be rejected )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(a priori )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(by pointing out that it is a "conspiracy theory." Indeed, it almost seem\
s to be a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(requirement or admission into public discourse to announce that one reje\
cts conspiracy )Tj
T*
(theories. What is the logic behind this thinking? It cannot be that we l\
iterally reject the )Tj
T*
(very idea that conspiracies occur. We all accept conspiracy theories of \
all sorts. We )Tj
T*
(accept a conspiracy theory whenever we believe that two or more people h\
ave conspired )Tj
T*
(in secret to achieve some goal, such as to rob a bank, defraud customers\
, or fix prices, we )Tj
T*
(would be more honest, therefore, if we followed the precedent of Michael\
Moore, who )Tj
T*
(has said: "Now, I'm not into conspiracy theories, except the ones that a\
re true." )Tj
ET
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511.77499 562.75246 l
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(>)Tj
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(44 )Tj
-31.79601 -2.60001 Td
(To refine this point slightly, we can say that we accept all those consp\
iracy theories that )Tj
T*
(we believe to be true, while we reject all those that we believe to be f\
alse. We cannot, )Tj
T*
(therefore, divide people into those who accept conspiracy theories and t\
hose who reject )Tj
T*
(them. The division between people on this issue involves simply the ques\
tion of wich )Tj
T*
(conspiracy theories they accept and which ones they reject. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(45 )Tj
-23.938 -2.60001 Td
(To apply this analysis to the attacks of 9/11: It is false to suggest th\
at those who allege )Tj
T*
(that the attacks occurred because of official complicity are "conspiracy\
theorists" while )Tj
T*
(those who accept the official account are not. People differ on this iss\
ue merely in terms )Tj
T*
(of which conspiracy theory they hold to be true, or at least most probab\
le. According to )Tj
T*
(the official account, the attacks of 9/11 occurred because of a conspira\
cy among )Tj
T*
(Muslims, with Osama bin Laden being the chief conspirator. Revisionists \
reject that )Tj
T*
(theory, at least as a sufficient account of what happened, maintaining t\
hat the attacks )Tj
T*
(cannot be satisfactorily explained without postulating conspiracy by off\
icials of the US )Tj
T*
(government, at least in allowing the attacks to succeed. The choice, acc\
ordingly, is )Tj
T*
(simply between \(some version of\) the received conspiracy theory and \(\
some version of\) )Tj
T*
(the revisionist conspiracy theory. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Which of these competing theories we accept depends, or at least should \
depend, on )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(which one we believe to be better supported by the relevant facts. Those\
who hold the )Tj
T*
(revisionist theory have become convinced that there is considerable evid\
ence that not )Tj
T*
(only suggests the falsity of the received conspiracy theory, which we ar\
e calling "the )Tj
T*
(official account," but also points to the truth of the revisionist theor\
y. I turn now to that )Tj
T*
(evidence. )Tj
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(FOOTNOTES for the Introduction)Tj
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 760.70087 Tm
(hint: )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(press the BACK-button on your browser to jump back to the original text-\
location)Tj
0 0 0 rg
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Frequently Cited Works)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46947 TD
(Ahmed, Nafeez Mosaddeq. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The War on Freedom: How and Why America Was Attacked )Tj
0 -1.20282 TD
(September 11, 2001. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Joshua Tree, Calif.: Tree of Life Publications, 2002. )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Chossudovsky, Michel. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(War and Globalisation: The Truth Behind September 11. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Canada: Global Outlook, 2002. )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Meyssan, Thierry. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(London: Carnot, 2002 \(translation of )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(L'Effioyable )Tj
T*
(imposture )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
([Paris: Les Editions Carnot, 2002]\). )Tj
T*
(\227 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(London: Carnot Publishing, 2002 \(translation of )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Le Pentagate )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
([Paris- Les )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Editions Carnot, 2002]\). )Tj
T*
(Thompson, Paul. "September 11: Minute-by-Minute," Center for Cooperative\
Research. )Tj
T*
(After the first citation in a chapter, this timeline will be cited simpl\
y as Thompson, )Tj
T*
(followed by the time. For example: Thompson \(8:55 AM\) or Thompson, 8:5\
5 AM, )Tj
T*
(depending how he marks it on his website. )Tj
T*
(\227 "Was 9/11 Allowed to Happen? The Complete Timeline," Center for Coo\
perative )Tj
T*
(Research. After the first citation in a chapter, this timeline will be c\
ited simply as )Tj
T*
("Timeline," followed by the date under which the information is found. B\
oth timelines )Tj
T*
(are available on the website for the Center for Cooperative Research \(w\
ww.)Tj
T*
(cooperativeresearch.org\). )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.46999 TD
(Introduction)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 345.64709 Tm
(1)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 341.80708 Tm
(James Bamford, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security Agency )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(\(New York: Anchor Books, 2002\), 633. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 308.10617 Tm
(2)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 304.26617 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 27, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 288.56526 Tm
(3)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 284.72527 Tm
(Henry Kissinger, "Destroy the Network," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 11, 2001 )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(\(washingtonpost.com\), quoted in Thierry Meyssan,)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(London: Carnot, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(2002\), 65. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 232.98219 Tm
(4)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 229.14218 Tm
(Lance Morrow, "The Case for Rage and Retribution," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 11, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 213.44127 Tm
(5)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 209.60127 Tm
(The Project for the New American Century, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Rebuilding America's Defenses: Strategy, )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(Forces and Resources for a New Century )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(www.newamericancentury.org\), 51. This )Tj
T*
(document will be discussed further. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 157.8582 Tm
(6)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 154.0182 Tm
(John Pilger, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New Statesman, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 12, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 138.31729 Tm
(7)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 134.47729 Tm
(Leonard Wong, Institute of Strategic Studies, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Defeating Terrorism: Strategic Issues )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(Analysis, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
("Maintaining Public Support for Military Operations" \()Tj
ET
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536.50999 114.27513 l
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 416.105 116.43513 Tm
(http://carlisle-www.)Tj
ET
26.375 94.23297 m
191.375 94.23297 l
S
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 96.39297 Tm
(army.mil/usassi/public.pdf\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
(, quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(127. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 78.69205 Tm
(8)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 74.85205 Tm
(On these restrictions and their consequences, see Nancy Chang, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Silencing Political )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(Dissent: How Post-September 11 Anti- Terrorism Measures Threaten Our Civ\
il )Tj
T*
(Liberties, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Foreword by Howard Zinn \(New York: Seven Stories, 2002\). )Tj
ET
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(9)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 799.26898 Tm
(Phyllis Bennis, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Before and After: US Foreign Policy and the September 11th Crisis, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(Foreword by Noam Chomsky \(Northampton, Mass.: Olive Branch Press, 2003\)\
. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 765.56807 Tm
(10)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 761.72807 Tm
(See Richard W. Van Alstyne, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Rising America. Empire )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(1960; New York: Norton, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(1974\); Walter LaFeber, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(1860-1898 )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(1963; Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998\); Thomas J. McCormick, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(China )Tj
T*
(Market: America's Quest for Informal Empire, 1893-1901 )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Chicago: Quadrangle Books, )Tj
T*
(1967\)- Lloyd C. Gardner, Walter F. LaFeber, and Thomas J. McCormick, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Creation of the )Tj
T*
(American Empire )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Chicago: Rand McNally, 1973\); Laurence Shoup and William Minter, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
T*
(Imperial Brain Trust: The Council on Foreign Relations and United States\
Foreign )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Policy\( New )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(York: Monthly Review Press, 1977\); Anders Stephanson, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Manifest Destiny: )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(American Expansion and the Empire of Right \(New York:. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Hill and Wang, 1995\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 601.73204 Tm
(11)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 597.89203 Tm
("More than any single policy," says Bennis, "the biggest cause of intern\
ational anger )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(against the United States is the arrogance with which US power is exerci\
sed" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\(Before and )Tj
T*
(After, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(xv\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 546.1068 Tm
(12)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 542.2668 Tm
("Resisting the Global Domination Project: An Interview with Prof. Richar\
d Falk," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Frontline, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(20/8 \(April 12-25, 2003\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 508.52373 Tm
(13)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 504.68373 Tm
(For example, Rahul Mahajan, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The New Crusade: American's War on Terrorism )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(York: Monthly Review, 2002\), 7. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 470.98282 Tm
(14)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 467.14281 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 11, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 451.44189 Tm
(15)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 447.6019 Tm
(William Bunch, "Why Don't We Have Answers to These 9/11 Questions?" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Philadelphia Daily News )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(online posting, September 11, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 413.85883 Tm
(16)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 410.01883 Tm
(The media in several other countries have, by contrast, presented invest\
igative reports. )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(In Canada, for example, journalist Barrie Zwicker presented a two-part e\
xamination, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(entitled "The Great Deception: What Really Happened on September 11th," \
on January )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(21 and 28, 2002 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\(MediaFile, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Vision TV Insight [www.visiontv.ca]\). In Germany, the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(public discussion has been such that a poll in July of 2003 revealed tha\
t 20 percent of the )Tj
T*
(German population believed that "the US government ordered the attacks i\
tself" \(Ian )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Johnson, "Conspiracy Theories about September 11 Get Hearing in Germany,\
" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Wall )Tj
T*
(Street Journal, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 29, 2003, A1\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 268.19144 Tm
(17)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 264.35143 Tm
(Press Gazette, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 15, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 248.65051 Tm
(18)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 244.81052 Tm
(Rather's remarks, made in a interview on Greg Palasts BBC television sho\
w )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Newsnight, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(were quoted in a story in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 17, 2002. This statement is )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(quoted in Greg Palast, "See No Evil: What Bush Didn't \(Want to\) Know a\
bout 9/11," )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(which is contained in Palast's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Best Democracy Money Can Buy: The Truth about )Tj
T*
(Corporate Cons, Globalization, and High-Finance Fraudsters )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Plume, 2003\), which is )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Revised American Edition of his 2002 book \(with a different subtitl\
e\). This essay was )Tj
T*
(also posted March 1, 2003, on TomPaine.com. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 120.98312 Tm
(19)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 117.14313 Tm
("Remarks by the President in Photo Opportunity with the National Securit\
y )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Team" \(www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2001 /09/20010912-4.html\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 83.44221 Tm
(20)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 79.60222 Tm
("Presidents Remarks at National Day of Prayer and Remembrance" \(www.whi\
tehouse.)Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(gov/news/releases/2001 /09/20010914-2.html\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 45.90131 Tm
(21)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 42.06129 Tm
(The material in notes 19-21 is quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9111: The Big Lie, 77, 76-77, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(79. )Tj
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(22)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 801.46365 Tm
(Jean Bethke Elshtain, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Just War Against Terror: The Burden of American Power in a )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Violent World )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Basic Books, 2003\), 2-3. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 767.72058 Tm
(23)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 763.88058 Tm
(See Michel Chossudovsky, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(War and Globalisation: The Truth Behind September 11 )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(\(Canada: Global Outlook, 2002\), and John McMurtry, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Value Wars: The Global Market )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Versus the Life Economy )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(London: Pluto Press, 2002\), Preface. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 712.09535 Tm
(24)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 708.25534 Tm
(Elshtain, 9. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 692.55443 Tm
(25)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 688.71443 Tm
(To some extent, this fact reflects a matter of principle \227 a concern \
that devoting )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(attention to possible conspiracies is diversionary. Some of the reasons \
for this wariness )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(are valid. One concern is that a focus on exposing conspiratorial crimes\
of present office-)Tj
T*
(holders may reflect the naive asssumption that if only we can replace th\
ose individuals )Tj
T*
(with better ones, things will be fine. Underlying that worry is the conc\
ern that a focus on )Tj
T*
(conspirators can divert attention from the more important issue of the s\
tructural problems )Tj
T*
(in the national and global order that need to be overcome. But although \
those dangers )Tj
T*
(must be guarded against, we should also avoid a too strong dichotomy bet\
ween structural )Tj
T*
(and conspiratorial analysis. For one thing, although structural analysis\
is essential for any )Tj
T*
(deep understanding of social processes, structures as such, being abstra\
ctions, do not )Tj
T*
(enact themselves. They are influential only insofar as they are embodied\
in agents \227 )Tj
T*
(both individual and institutional \227 who act in terms of them. These a\
gents, furthermore, )Tj
T*
(are not fully determined by the dominant values of their societies. They\
have degrees of )Tj
T*
(freedom, which they can use to act in ways that are more or less wise, m\
ore or less just, )Tj
T*
(and more or less legal. When political leaders enact policies that are e\
gregiously unjust, )Tj
T*
(dangerous, and even illegal, it is important to replace them with leader\
s who are at least )Tj
T*
(somewhat better. Finally, and most important, the exposure of a conspira\
cy may, rather )Tj
T*
(than diverting attention from a society's problematic structures, turn a\
ttention to them. )Tj
T*
(For example, if it became evident that our national political leaders ca\
used or at least )Tj
T*
(allowed the attacks of 9/11 and that they did so partly because they had\
deeply embodied )Tj
T*
(certain values pervasive of our society, we might finally decide that a \
society-wide )Tj
T*
(reorientation is in order. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 295.01352 Tm
(26)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 291.17352 Tm
(This practice is, of course, not unique to America. It is generally agre\
ed, for example, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(mat the "Mukden incident," in which an explosion destroyed part of the J\
apanese railway )Tj
T*
(in Manchuria, was engineered by Japanese army officers "as an excuse to \
conquer )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Manchuria" \(Walter LaFeber, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Clash: US-Japanese Relations Throughout History )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
([New York: Norton, 1997], 166\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 203.43045 Tm
(27)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 199.59044 Tm
(Rahul Mahajan, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Full Spectrum Dominance: US Power in Iraq and Beyond )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Seven Stories, 2003\), 59, 50, 48. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 165.88953 Tm
(28)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 162.04953 Tm
(Paul Thompson's main timeline, entitled "Was 9/11 Allowed to Happen? The\
Complete )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Timeline," lists possibly relevant events extending over many years and \
fills some 200 )Tj
T*
(single-spaced pages. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 110.34862 Tm
(29)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 106.50862 Tm
(This is one respect in which Thompson sees himself as differing from som\
e other )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(researchers, such as Michael Ruppert, mentioned in note 36, below. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 72.80771 Tm
(30)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 68.96771 Tm
(Gore Vidal, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dreaming War. Blood for Oil and the Cheney-Bush Junta )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Thunder's Mouth/Nation Books, 2002\); Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The War on Freedom: )Tj
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(How and Why America Was Attacked September 11, 2001)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
( \(Joshua Tree Calif, Tree of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Life Publications, 2002\). Vidal, one prominent member of the American l\
eft who has )Tj
T*
(rejected the official account of 9-11, endorses Ahmed's book -- calling \
it "the best, most )Tj
T*
(balanced report, thus far" \(l4\) -- and summarizes some of its argument\
. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 733.26149 Tm
(31)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 729.42149 Tm
(See )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Breakdown: How America's Intelligence Failures Led to September 11 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(\(Washington: Regnery 2002\), by Bill Gertz, a journalist for the )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Washington Times. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(A )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(more recent version of this thesis is provided in Gerald Posner, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(WhyAmerica Slept: The )Tj
T*
(Failure to Prevent 9/11 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\(New York: Random House, 2003\) Posner attributes the failure )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(to breakdowns \(xi\), blunders \(xii, 169\), missed opportunities \(xii,\
146\), investigative mix-)Tj
T*
(ups \(34\), mistakes \(150, 155, 169\), incompetence and bad judgment \(\
142, 167\), stifling )Tj
T*
(bureaucracy \(173\), and especially the failure of agencies to share inf\
ormation with each )Tj
T*
(other \(35, 44-47, 59, 178\). "The failure to have prevented 9/11," asse\
rts Posner, "was a )Tj
T*
(systemic one" \(xii\). The task before us, therefore, is simply to fix t\
he system. As Walter )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Russell Mead says \(without criticism\) in a book review, "the message o\
f )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Why America, )Tj
T*
(Slept )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(is on balance a hopeful one. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Incompetence in our security establishment is something we can address" \
\("The Tragedy )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(of National Complacency," )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(October 29, 2003\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 497.46762 Tm
(32)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 493.62762 Tm
(A Joint Inquiry into the attacks was carried out in 2002 by the intellig\
ence committees )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(of the US Senate and House of Representatives. Although this Joint Inqui\
ry had )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completed its final report by December of 2002, the Bush administration \
long refused to )Tj
T*
(allow it to be released. Only a very brief summary of this final report \
was made public \(it )Tj
T*
(can be read at )Tj
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(http://intelligence.senate.gov/press.htm)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( under December 11, 2002\). )Tj
-5.77499 -1.33333 Td
(Finally, late in July 2003, the final report itself was released. Althou\
gh discussions in the )Tj
T*
(press described the report as surprisingly critical, the criticism was l\
imited to charges of )Tj
T*
(incompetence. Significant portions of the final report were, to be sure,\
deleted in the )Tj
T*
(name of national security, but I see no reason to believe that these del\
etions \227 which )Tj
T*
(reportedly involved foreign countries, especially Saudi Arabia \227 cont\
ained any )Tj
T*
(accusations of complicity in 9/11 by US officials. Possible reasons for \
the inadequacy of )Tj
T*
(the Joint Inquiry's report are discussed in Chapter 10. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 277.92671 Tm
(33)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 274.0867 Tm
(Although its official name is the National Commission on Terrorist Attac\
ks upon the )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(United States, it is informally known as the 9/11 Independent Commission\
. President )Tj
T*
(Bush had long opposed the creation of any such commission, claiming that\
it would take )Tj
T*
(resources away from the war on terrorism. But embarrassing revelations f\
rom the Joint )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Inquiry \(see previous note\) reportedly left him little choice )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 22, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(2002\). In November of 2002, Bush signed a bill establishing the commiss\
ion \(the website )Tj
T*
(of which is www.9-11commision.gov\). Problems in relation to this commis\
sion are )Tj
T*
(discussed in Chapter 10. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 132.34363 Tm
(34)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 128.50363 Tm
(In the meantime, Thompson has been developing articles in which the mate\
rial is )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(organized in terms of a large number of topics, which continues to grow.\
He also has a )Tj
T*
(growing number of articles in which he discusses various dimensions of t\
he controversies )Tj
T*
(about 9/11. His website is therefore becoming increasingly easy to use. \
)Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 58.80272 Tm
(35)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 54.96272 Tm
(Implicit in this statement is the fact that I do not endorse all argumen\
ts in the main )Tj
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(sources I employ. Meyssan, for example, has some theories that I find im\
plausible and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(others that seem at least insufficiently supported by evidence. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 769.30365 Tm
(36)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 765.46365 Tm
(One failing of this book is that I have usually made no effort to discer\
n, with regard to )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(various stories and facts reported, which investigator or researcher was\
first responsible )Tj
T*
(for reporting them. This means that I have surely in many cases failed t\
o give proper )Tj
T*
(credit. One example involves the fact that I cite Paul Thompson's timeli\
nes abundantly )Tj
T*
(while citing Michael Ruppert's website, From the Wilderness \(www.fromth\
ewilderness.)Tj
T*
(com or www.copvcia.com\), relatively rarely. And yet Ruppert was one of \
the earliest )Tj
T*
(major critics of the official account of 9/11. In fact, in Thompson's st\
atement of "credits )Tj
T*
(and sources," he says: "This timeline started when I saw the excellent t\
imeline at the )Tj
T*
(From the Wilderness website and began adding to it. I found that timelin\
e to be a great )Tj
T*
(resource, but it wasn't as comprehensive as I wanted. My version has sin\
ce grown into )Tj
T*
(something of a monster, but the inspiration still lies with From the Wil\
derness" \()Tj
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(cooperativeresearch.org/timeline/index.html)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(\). Ruppert, furthermore, is simply one )Tj
0 -1.33333 TD
(example of several researchers, such as Jared Israel, who were publishin\
g information )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(challenging the official account almost immediately after 9/11. To try t\
o sort all of this )Tj
T*
(out in order to assign proper credit, however, would detract from the ta\
sk of getting the )Tj
T*
(challenge to the official account into the public discussion. Most resea\
rchers, as far as I )Tj
T*
(can tell, seem more interested in this than in receiving credit. The que\
stion of proper )Tj
T*
(credit, in any case, is one that would appropriately be answered by some\
historian of this )Tj
T*
(movement if it is successful. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 421.76274 Tm
(37)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 417.92274 Tm
(In suggesting that there are many disturbing questions that have thus fa\
r not been )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(answered,I am to some extent reflecting the attitude of the organization\
s formed by )Tj
T*
(families of the victims of the attacks, one of which is, in fact, called\
"Unanswered )Tj
T*
(Questions" \(see www.UnansweredQuestions.org\). Other organizations with\
websites )Tj
T*
(include Familiy Steering Committee for the 9/11 Independent Commission )Tj
T*
(\(www.911Independentcommission.org\), Voices of September 11th \(www.voi\
cesofsept11.)Tj
T*
(org\), 9-11 Citizens Watch \()Tj
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(www.911Citizenswatch.org)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(\), and the 9/11 Visibility Project )Tj
-10.97 -1.33333 Td
(\()Tj
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(www.septembereleventh.org)Tj
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(\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 272.22183 Tm
(38)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 268.38182 Tm
(This book, cited in previous notes, is a translation of Meyssan's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(L'Effroyable imposture)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(\(Paris Les Editions Carnot, 2002\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 234.68091 Tm
(39)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 230.84091 Tm
(This view of the White House could be combined with any of the previous \
five views )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(insofar as those views deal only with the involvement of other US agenci\
es. This sixth )Tj
T*
(view, therefore, has five possible versions. The same is true of the sev\
enth and eighth )Tj
T*
(views. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 161.14 Tm
(40)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 157.3 Tm
(Elshtain, 2-3. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 141.59909 Tm
(41)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 137.75909 Tm
(Michael Parenti, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Terrorism Trap: September 11 and Beyond \(San )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Francisco: City )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Lights, 2002\), 69, 70. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 104.05817 Tm
(42)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 100.21817 Tm
(Parenti, 70-71, citing Patrick Martin, "US Planned War in Afghanistan Lo\
ng Before )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(September 11," World Socialist Conference, November 20, 2001 \()Tj
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(www.wsws.org/)Tj
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(artides/2001/nov2001/afghn20.html)Tj
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(\); the quoted words, which summarize Martins )Tj
0 -1.33333 TD
(position, are Parenti's. )Tj
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(43)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 801.46365 Tm
(I emphasize this point because some polemicists, when confronted by a bo\
ok whose )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(conclusion they do not like, seek to undermine this conclusion by focusi\
ng on the few )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(points that they believe can be most easily discredited. That tactic, as\
suming that good )Tj
T*
(evidence is really presented against those points, is valid with regard \
to a deductive )Tj
T*
(argument. In relation to a cumulative argument, however, it is tactic us\
eful only to those )Tj
T*
(concerned with something other than truth. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 695.76274 Tm
(44)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 691.92274 Tm
(Michael Moore, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dude, Where's My Country? )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Warner Books, 2003\), 2. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 676.22183 Tm
(45)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 672.38182 Tm
(To refine the point a little more: There are some conspiracy theories th\
at, although we )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(may not be convinced of their truth, we find at least )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(plausible, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(so we are willing to )Tj
T*
(entertain the possibility that they might be true. We are open, accordin\
gly, to reading and )Tj
T*
(hearing evidence intended to support them. There are other conspiracy th\
eories, by )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(contrast, that we find completely )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(implausible, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(so we tend to suspect the intelligence or )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sanity of people who believe them or who even entertain the possibility \
of their truth. )Tj
T*
(Whatever facts they offer as evidence we reject out of hand, holding tha\
t, even if we )Tj
T*
(cannot explain these facts, the true explanation cannot be the one they \
are offering. But )Tj
T*
(the question of what we find completely implausible \227 'beyond the pal\
e' \227 is seldom )Tj
T*
(determined simply by a dispassionate consideration of empirical evidence\
. Plausibility is )Tj
T*
(largely a matter of one's general worldview. We are also influenced to s\
ome degree by )Tj
T*
(wishful-and-fearful thinking, in which we accept some ideas partly becau\
se we hope thay )Tj
T*
(are true and reject other ideas because we would find the thought that t\
hey are true too )Tj
T*
(frightening. At least sometimes, however, we are able, in spite of our p\
rejudgments, to )Tj
T*
(revise our prior ideas in light of new evidence. Most revisionists about\
9/11, in )Tj
T*
(presenting their evidence, seem to be counting on this possibility. )Tj
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(Part One)Tj
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(The Events of 9/11)Tj
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( )Tj
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(CHAPTER ONE)Tj
16.15384 0 0 16.15384 67.55 133.96945 Tm
(Flights 11 and 175: How could the Hijacker's Missions have )Tj
11.623 -1.2 Td
(succeded?)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 62.3091 Tm
(I)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(n many respects, the strongest evidence provided by critics of the offic\
ial account )Tj
T*
(involves simply the events of 9/11 itself. At 8:46 AM, one hijacked airp\
lane crashed into )Tj
ET
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(the North Tower of the World Trade Center \(WTC\). At 9:03, another cras\
hed into the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(South Tower. And at 9:38, the Pentagon was hit. In light of standard pro\
cedures for )Tj
T*
(dealing with hijacked airplanes, however, not one of these planes should\
have reached its )Tj
T*
(target, let alone all three of them. It is also far from clear how the N\
ew York attacks )Tj
T*
(could have succeeded in the sense of causing the buildings of the WTC to\
collapse. There )Tj
T*
(are, furthermore, disturbing questions about the third airliner \227 whe\
ther it was really the )Tj
T*
(aircraft that hit the Pentagon \227 and about the fourth one \227 whethe\
r it was the one plane )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(that )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(was )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(shot down. Finally, after examining questions that have been raised abou\
t all )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(these matters, I will look at questions raised by President Bush's behav\
ior that day. The )Tj
T*
(present chapter, however, deals only with Flights 11 and 175 and the col\
lapse of the )Tj
T*
(WTC buildings. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(American Airlines Flight II)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(The first plane to be hijacked was American Airlines \(AA\) Flight 11, w\
hich left Boston )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(at 7:59 AM. At 8:14, besides failing to respond to an order from FAA \(F\
ederal Aviation )Tj
T*
(Administration\) ground control to climb, its radio and transponder went\
off, )Tj
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(1 )Tj
-30.636 -1.33614 Td
(suggesting that it had )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(possibly )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(been hijacked. At 8:20, with FAA ground control )Tj
T*
(watching its flight path on radar, the plane went radically off course, \
leading ground )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(control to conclude that it had )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(probably )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(been hijacked. At 8:21, flight attendants reported )Tj
0 -1.20282 TD
(by telephone that the plane had )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(definitely )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(been taken over by hijackers, who had already )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(killed some people. At 8:28, the plane turned toward New York. At 8:44, \
Secretary of )Tj
T*
(Defense Rumsfeld was in the Pentagon talking about terrorism with Repres\
entative )Tj
T*
(Christopher Cox. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
("Let me tell ya," the Associated Press quoted Rumsfeld as saying, "I've \
been around the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(block a few times. There will be another event. Therewill be another eve\
nt." )Tj
ET
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(2 And, if )Tj
-30.73399 -1.33333 Td
(he in fact said this, he was right. Two minutes later, at 8:46, Flight 1\
1 crashed into the )Tj
T*
(WTC's North Tower. This was 32 minutes after evidence that the plane had\
possibly )Tj
T*
(been hijacked and 25 minutes after knowledge that it definitely had been\
. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Skeptics about the official account believe that the attempt to crash an\
airliner into the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(WTC could not have been successful under normal circumstances. The basic\
problem, )Tj
T*
(they argue, is that there are standard procedures for situations such as\
this and that, if )Tj
T*
(they had been followed, Flight 11 would have been intercepted by fighter\
jets within 10 )Tj
T*
(minutes of any sign that it may have been hijacked. Had the plane then f\
ailed to obey the )Tj
T*
(standard signal to follow the fighter jets to an airport to land, it wou\
ld have been shot )Tj
T*
(down. This would have occurred by 8:24, or 8:30 at the latest, so that t\
he question of )Tj
T*
(whether to shoot down a commercial airliner over the heart of New York C\
ity would not )Tj
T*
(have arisen. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(As evidence, the skeptics cite FAA regulations, which instruct air traff\
ic controllers: )Tj
ET
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(Consider that an aircraft emergency exists...when:...There is unexpected\
)Tj
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(loss of radar contact and radio communications with any... aircraft.... \
If...)Tj
T*
(you are in doubt that a situation constitutes an emergency or potential \
)Tj
T*
(emergency, handle it as though it were an emergency. )Tj
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(Accordingly, at 8:14, the loss of radio contact alone would have led the\
flight controller )Tj
T*
(to begin emergency procedures. The loss of the transponder signal would \
have made the )Tj
T*
(situation doubly suspect. The controller, after finding that it was impo\
ssible to re-)Tj
T*
(establish radio contact, would have immediately contacted the National M\
ilitary )Tj
T*
(Command Center \(NMCC\) in the Pentagon and its North American Aerospace\
Defense )Tj
T*
(Command \(NORAD\), which would have immediately had jets sent up \227 "s\
crambled" \227 )Tj
T*
(from the nearest military airport. According to spokespersons for NORAD,\
from the time )Tj
T*
(the FAA senses that something is wrong, "it takes about one minute" for \
it to contact )Tj
T*
(NORAD, and then NORAD can cramble fighters "within a matter of minutes t\
o )Tj
T*
(anywhere in the United States." )Tj
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(4 "According to the US Air Forces own website," )Tj
-12.90601 -1.33333 Td
(reports Nafeez Ahmed, an F-15 routinely "goes from 'scramble order' to 2\
9,000 feet in )Tj
T*
(only 2.5 minutes" and then can fly at 1,850 nmph \(nautical miles per ho\
ur\). )Tj
ET
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(5 If normal )Tj
-30.377 -1.33333 Td
(procedures had been followed, accordingly, Flight 11 would have been int\
ercepted by )Tj
T*
(8:24, and certainly no later than 8:30, 16 minutes before it, in the act\
ual course of events, )Tj
T*
(crashed into the WTC. Furthermore, even if radio contact and the transpo\
nders signal had )Tj
T*
(not been lost, the fact that the plane went radically off course at 8:20\
would have led the )Tj
T*
(FAA to notify the military. Every plane has a flight plan, which consist\
s of a sequence of )Tj
T*
(geographic points, or "fixes," and, according to a report by MSNBC: )Tj
T*
(Pilots are supposed to hit each fix with pinpoint accuracy. If a plane d\
eviates by 15 )Tj
T*
(degrees, or two miles from that course, the flight controllers will hit \
the panic button. )Tj
T*
(They'll call the plane, saying "American 11, you're deviating from cours\
e." It's )Tj
T*
(considered a real emergency. )Tj
ET
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(So, even if the FAA had waited until the plane went off course at 8:20, \
the plane should )Tj
T*
(have been intercepted by 8:30, or 8:35 at the latest, again in plenty of\
time to prevent it )Tj
T*
(from going into New York City. )Tj
T*
(As to what would occur upon interception, Ahmed explains by quoting the \
FAA manual: )Tj
T*
([The interceptor military craft communicates by] Rocking wings from a po\
sition slightly )Tj
T*
(above and ahead of, and normally to the left of, the intercepted aircraf\
t.... This action )Tj
T*
(conveys the message: "You have been intercepted." The commercial jet is \
then supposed )Tj
T*
(to respond by rocking its wings to indicate compliance, upon which the i\
nterceptor )Tj
T*
(performs a "slow level turn, normally to the left, on to the desired hea\
ding [direction]." )Tj
T*
(The commercial plane then responds by following the escort. )Tj
ET
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(7)Tj
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(If Flight 11 had been thus intercepted but did )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(respond, it would, according to )Tj
T*
(standard procedures, have been shot down. Marine Corps Major Mike Snyder\
, a NORAD )Tj
0 -1.20282 TD
(spokesman, after telling the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston Globe )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(that NORAD's "fighters routinely intercept )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(aircraft," continued: )Tj
T*
(When planes are intercepted, they typically are handled with graduated r\
esponse. The )Tj
T*
(approaching fighter may rock its wingtips to attract the pilots attentio\
n, or make a pass in )Tj
ET
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(front of the aircraft. Eventually, it can fire tracer rounds in the airp\
lanes path, or, under )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(certain circumstances, down it with a missile. )Tj
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(The question raised by critics, of course, is why this did not happen in\
the case of Flight )Tj
T*
(11. Why was the plane not even intercepted? )Tj
T*
(Some confusion about this matter, they point out, was created by VicePre\
sident Cheney )Tj
T*
(during an interview on "Meet the Press" on September16, in which he sugg\
ested that the )Tj
T*
("question of whether or not we would intercept commercial aircraft," as \
well as the )Tj
T*
(question of whether it would be shot down, was "a presidential-level dec\
ision." This )Tj
T*
(statement, point out the critics, confuses two matters: intercepting and\
shooting down, )Tj
T*
(and interception is a routine matter, which occurs well over a hundred t\
imes a year. )Tj
ET
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(9 )Tj
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(The confusion of these two matters was also aided by General Richard Mye\
rs, then )Tj
T*
(Acting Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, )Tj
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(10 in testimony to the Senate Armed )Tj
-18.304 -1.33333 Td
(Services Committee on September 13, in which he stated:"[A}fter the seco\
nd tower was )Tj
T*
(hit, I spoke to the commander of NORAD, General Eberhart. And at that po\
int, I think )Tj
T*
(the decision was at that point to start launching aircraft." )Tj
ET
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(11 He, like Cheney, implied )Tj
-22.877 -1.33333 Td
(that fighters would be sent up to intercept flights only if ordered to b\
y commanders at the )Tj
T*
(highest level. But interception occurs routinely, as a matter of standar\
d operating )Tj
T*
(procedure, even if shooting down a plane would be, as Cheney implied, "a\
presidential-)Tj
T*
(level decision." )Tj
T*
(Moreover, although some researchers have accepted the view that a hijack\
ed plane could )Tj
T*
(be shot down only with presidential authorization, )Tj
ET
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(12Thierry Meyssan points out that )Tj
-20.332 -1.33333 Td
(the military regulations seem to say otherwise. According to these regul\
ations, )Tj
T*
(In the event of a hijacking, the NMCC [National Military Command Center]\
will be )Tj
T*
(notified by the most expeditious means by the FAA. The NMCC will, with t\
he exception )Tj
T*
(of requests needing an immediate response \227 forward requests for DoD \
[Department of )Tj
T*
(Defense] assistance to the Secretary of Defense for approval. )Tj
ET
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(13)Tj
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(Accordingly, concludes Meyssan, the regulations give the responsibility \
for shooting )Tj
T*
(down hijacked airplanes "to the Secretary of Defense." Furthermore, as t\
he phrase )Tj
T*
(beginning "with the exception" shows, if the Secretary of Defense cannot\
be contacted in )Tj
T*
(time, other people in the line of command would have the authority. Acco\
rding to a )Tj
T*
(Department of Defense document cited by Meyssan: )Tj
T*
(It is possible to formulate to any element in the chain of command "Requ\
ests needing )Tj
T*
(Immediate Response." These arise from imminently serious conditions wher\
e only an )Tj
T*
(immediate action taken by an official of the Department of Defense or a \
military )Tj
T*
(commander can prevent loss of lives, or mitigate human suffering and gre\
at property )Tj
T*
(damage. )Tj
ET
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(According to this reading, many people in the line of command would have\
had the )Tj
T*
(authority to prevent the "loss of lives" and "great property damage" tha\
t occurred when )Tj
T*
(AA Flight 11 slammed into the North Tower of the WTC. )Tj
T*
(One might argue, to be sure, that at that time no one would have known t\
hat the plane )Tj
T*
(was going to do that. But, critics of the official account would reply, \
that argument \227 )Tj
T*
(besides not explaining why Flight 11 was not at least intercepted \227 w\
ould not apply to )Tj
ET
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(the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(second )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(plane to crash into the WTC. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(United Airlines Flight 175)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(UA Flight 175 left Boston at 8:14 AM, which was just when the FAA was le\
arning that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Flight 11 may have been hijacked. At 8:42, its radio and transponder wen\
t off and it )Tj
T*
(veered off course. Knowing by then that the earlier flight had definitel\
y been hijacked )Tj
T*
(and was flying across New York City, FAA officials would surely have bee\
n ready to )Tj
T*
(contact the military immediately. They, in fact, reportedly notified NOR\
AD at 8:43. )Tj
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(15 )Tj
-33.88499 -1.33333 Td
(NORAD should have had fighter jets intercepting this plane by 8:53. And \
by this time, )Tj
T*
(being 7 minutes after the first hijacked plane had hit the WTC, the figh\
ters certainly )Tj
T*
(should have been ready to shoot down this second hijacked plane if it di\
d not )Tj
T*
(immediately follow orders. Instead, however, no planes intercepted Fligh\
t 175, and it )Tj
T*
(crashed into the WTC's South Tower at 9:03. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Another disturbing feature about this crash, especially to the families \
of the victims, is )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that at 8:55, a public announcement was reportedly broadcast inside the \
South Tower, )Tj
T*
(saying that the building was secure, so that people could return to thei\
r offices. Such )Tj
T*
(announcements reportedly continued until a few minutes before the buildi\
ng was hit, and )Tj
T*
(may have contributed "to the deaths of hundreds of people." )Tj
ET
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(16 Paul Thompson asks: )Tj
-24.284 -1.33333 Td
("Given that at 8:43 NORAD was notified Flight 175 was hijacked and heade\
d toward )Tj
T*
(New York City, why weren't people in the building warned?" A disturbing \
question, )Tj
T*
(since Thompson's implication seems to be that perhaps someone other than\
the hijackers )Tj
T*
(was seeking to ensure that a significant number of lives were lost. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In any case, given the fact that this plane hit the WTC 17 minutes after\
the first crash, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(none of the reasons that could be imagined to explain why standard proce\
dures broke )Tj
T*
(down with regard to the first plane \227 such as inattentive air traffic\
controllers, pilots at )Tj
T*
(military bases not on full alert, or the assumption that the plane's abe\
rrant behavior did )Tj
T*
(not mean that it had been hijacked \227 could be used to explain why Fli\
ght 175 was not )Tj
T*
(shot down or even intercepted. For one thing, by then all the technician\
s at NORAD's )Tj
T*
(Northeast Air Defense Sector "had their headsets linked to the FAA in Bo\
ston to hear )Tj
T*
(about Flight 11," so NORAD would have been fully aware of the seriousnes\
s of the )Tj
T*
(situation. )Tj
ET
85.55 198.75246 m
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(17 Even more puzzling is why in another 35 minutes, at 9:38, the Pentago\
n )Tj
-3.94501 -1.33333 Td
(would be hit, but we will wait until the next chapter to examine this th\
ird flight. The )Tj
T*
(present task is to consider the official account of the first two flight\
s and the response of )Tj
T*
(the critics. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Why Were Flights 11 and 175 Not Intercepted?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(One of the strange things about the official account, say its critics, i\
s that there has been )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(more than one version of it. General Myers, in his aforementioned testim\
ony to the )Tj
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(Senate Armed Services Committee on September 13, said: "When it became c\
lear what )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the threat was, we did scramble fighter aircraft." When asked whether th\
at order was )Tj
T*
(given "before or after the Pentagon was struck," Myers \227 who was acti\
ng chairman of )Tj
T*
(the Joint Chiefs of Staff \227 replied: "That order, to the best of my k\
nowledge, was after )Tj
T*
(the Pentagon was struck." )Tj
ET
0 0 1 RG
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193.85001 728.84456 l
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0 0 1 rg
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(18 One problem with this statement, point out critics, is that )Tj
-10.601 -1.33333 Td
(officials at NMCC would have become clear about "what the threat was" lo\
ng before the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon itself was hit at 9:38. It would have been clear at least by 8:\
46, when the WTC )Tj
T*
(was hit and another hijacked plane was heading in its direction. Another\
problem, of )Tj
T*
(course, is that it was not necessary for officials at NMCC and NORAD to \
understand )Tj
T*
(fully "what the threat was" in order for there to be jets in the air to \
intercept Flights 11, )Tj
T*
(175, and any unauthorized aircraft headed toward Washington. Standard op\
erating )Tj
T*
(procedures should have taken care of all those things. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This version of the official account was also told by at least two other\
officials. )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(According to a story in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston Globe )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(on September 15, Major Mike Snyder, speaking )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(for NORAD, said that no fighters were scrambled until after the Pentagon\
was hit. And )Tj
T*
(on September 16, when Tim Russert, during his aforementioned interview w\
ith Vice )Tj
T*
(President Cheney on "Meet the Press," expressed surprise that although w\
e knew about )Tj
T*
(the first hijacking by 8:20, "it seems we were not able to scramble figh\
ter jets in time to )Tj
T*
(protect the Pentagon," Cheney did not dispute this statement. )Tj
ET
396.23 455.8024 m
404.69 455.8024 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 396.23 457.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(19 )Tj
-24.657 -2.60001 Td
(The major problem with this first version of the official account, of co\
urse, is that it says )Tj
T*
(that military behavior completely contradicted standard procedures, whic\
h call for jets to )Tj
T*
(be scrambled as soon as a suspected hijacking is reported. Despite the f\
act that )Tj
T*
(statements by Myers and Cheney seemed to suggest otherwise, it requires \
no command )Tj
T*
(from on high for fighter jets to be scrambled. Rather, the critics point\
out, an order for )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(them )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(to be scrambled is what would require a command from on high. For exampl\
e, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Illarion Bykov and Jared Israel, commenting on the fact that the standar\
d emergency )Tj
T*
(systems failed on 9/11, say: "This could only happen if individuals in h\
igh positions )Tj
T*
(worked in a coordinated way to make them fail." )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(20 )Tj
-19.793 -2.60281 Td
(Within a few days, in any case, NORAD began saying that it )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(did)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( have planes scrambled )Tj
T*
(but they arrived too late. )Tj
ET
177.185 215.71808 m
185.645 215.71808 l
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(>)Tj
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(21 To the critics, however, this second version seems almost )Tj
-10.054 -1.33333 Td
(as strange as the first. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(According to this version, NORAD was not notified by the FAA of the hija\
cking of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Flight 11 until 8:40. This would have been 26 minutes after the plane's \
radio and )Tj
T*
(transponder went off and 20 minutes after it went off course. Allan Wood\
and Paul )Tj
T*
(Thompson write: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Is NORAD's claim credible? If so, the air traffic controllers...should h\
ave )Tj
T*
(been fired and subject to possible criminal charges for their inaction. \
To )Tj
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(date, however, there has been no word of any person being disciplined...\
. If )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(NORAD's claim is false, and it was indeed informed within the time frame\
)Tj
T*
(outlined in FAA regulations..., that would mean NORAD did absolutely )Tj
T*
(nothing for almost thirty minutes while a hijacked commercial airliner f\
lew )Tj
T*
(off course through some of the most congested airspace in the world. )Tj
T*
(Presumably, that would warrant some very serious charges. Again, no one \
)Tj
T*
(associated with NORAD or the FAA has been punished. )Tj
ET
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15 0 0 15 408.825 695.00456 Tm
(>)Tj
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(22)Tj
-25.49667 -1.75 Td
(The lack of disciplinary action suggests either that this story is false\
or that the relevant )Tj
T*
(parties at FAA and/or NORAD did what they had been instructed to do. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This account has more anomalous features. After NORAD received word of t\
he )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(hijacking, according to this account, it did not give the scramble order\
until 8:46, six )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(minutes after it had been notified. Furthermore, NORAD inexplicably gave\
this order )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(to McGuire Air Force Base in New Jersey, which is only 70 miles from NYC\
, but to Otis )Tj
T*
(Air National Guard Base in Cape Cod, which is over 180 miles away. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(That would have made no difference with regard to Flight 11, of coursebe\
cause 8:46 was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(when it was striking the WTC. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In the meantime, however, NORAD says that it had received notification a\
t 8:43 from the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(FAA of Flight 175's hijacking, so the two F-15s that were given the scra\
mble order at )Tj
T*
(8:46 were sent after this flight instead. But, inexplicably, the F-15s a\
re said not to have )Tj
T*
(taken off until 6 minutes later, at 8:52. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(However, perhaps the strangest feature of this story, from the viewpoint\
of the critics, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(involves its failure to explain, even with all those delays, why the pla\
nes did not arrive in )Tj
T*
(time to stop the second attack on the WTC. At 8:52, there were still 11 \
minutes until )Tj
T*
(9:03, when Flight 175 would hit the second tower. Lieutenant Colonel Tim\
othy Duffy, a )Tj
T*
(pilot said to have flown one of the F-15s, has been quoted as stating th\
at he "was in full-)Tj
T*
(blower all the way," which would mean he was going over 1,875 nmph. )Tj
ET
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470.06 266.5524 l
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15 0 0 15 461.60001 268.7124 Tm
(>)Tj
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(23 At this )Tj
-29.015 -1.33333 Td
(speed, the F-15s would have been covering over 30 miles a minute. Hence,\
allowing the )Tj
T*
(standard 2.5 minutes for them to get airborne and up to speed, they shou\
ld have reached )Tj
T*
(Manhattan in about 8 minutes, having a full 3 minutes left to shoot down\
the errant )Tj
T*
(airliner. And yet, according to this second version of the official acco\
unt, the F-15s were )Tj
T*
(still 70 miles away when Flight 175 crashed into the South Tower. )Tj
ET
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437.735 174.5524 l
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0 0 1 rg
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/TT0 1 Tf
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(>)Tj
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(24 Indeed, according )Tj
-26.86 -1.33333 Td
(to NORAD's timeline, it took them 19 minutes to reach the city. So, if t\
he story about jets )Tj
T*
(from Otis is even true, they must have been traveling at far less than "\
full blower" \227 in )Tj
T*
(fact, if we accept NORAD s timeline, more like 700 mph. )Tj
ET
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385.61 118.5524 l
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0 0 1 rg
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 377.14999 120.7124 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(25 )Tj
-23.38499 -2.60001 Td
(Furthermore, even if the times in this story are adjusted enough to acco\
unt for the fact )Tj
T*
(that the planes were late, there is still the question of why the order \
was not given to )Tj
T*
(McGuire Air Force Base. As Ahmed says, an F-15 flying at 1,850 nmph "wou\
ld cover )Tj
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(the ground from New Jersey's Air Force Base to New York in under 3 minut\
es, and thus )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(could have easily intercepted Flight 175." )Tj
ET
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288.845 782.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(26 So, the critics conclude, even if this )Tj
-16.93401 -1.33333 Td
(second story is accepted, the WTC's second tower should not have been hi\
t. Finally, the )Tj
T*
(claim that jets were scrambled to try to stop this second hijacked plane\
still leaves us )Tj
T*
(with no explanation as to why standard procedures were not followed with\
regard to the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(first )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(one. Accepting this second version of the official account would, furthe\
rmore, leave )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(us puzzled as to how General Myers, Vice President Cheney, and the NORAD\
)Tj
T*
(spokesman could have at first believed that no planes whatsoever had bee\
n scrambled )Tj
T*
(until after the Pentagon had been hit. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Accordingly, some critics, including some with military experience, thin\
k that the second )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(version was fabricated. For example, Stan Goff, a retired Master Sergean\
t who taught )Tj
T*
(Military Science at West Point, concludes that no Air Force jets were sc\
rambled until )Tj
T*
(after the Pentagon was hit. )Tj
ET
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198.14 563.8024 l
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(>)Tj
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(27 Andreas von B\374low, former State Secretary in the )Tj
-10.88699 -1.33333 Td
(German Defense Ministry, said: "For 60 decisive minutes, the military an\
d intelligence )Tj
T*
(agencies let the fighter planes stay on the ground." )Tj
ET
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341.735 525.8024 l
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(>)Tj
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(28 )Tj
-20.46001 -2.60001 Td
(Under either version of the official account, in any case, the successfu\
l attacks on the )Tj
T*
(WTC should not have been possible. This view is supported by Anatoli Kor\
nukov, the )Tj
T*
(commander in chief of the Russian Air Force, who was quoted the day afte\
r 9/11 as )Tj
T*
(saying: "Generally it is impossible to carry out an act of terror on the\
scenario which was )Tj
T*
(used in the USA yesterday.... As soon as something like that happens her\
e, I am reported )Tj
T*
(about that right away and in a minute we are all up." )Tj
ET
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352.985 396.8024 l
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(>)Tj
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(29 After quoting Kornukovs )Tj
-21.21001 -1.33333 Td
(statement, Ahmed comments: "It is, of course, well known that the US Air\
Force is far )Tj
T*
(superior to Russia's," adding that some reasonable inferences can be dra\
wn from these )Tj
T*
(facts \227 in particular, that the attacks on the WTC could have happene\
d only if standard )Tj
T*
(operating procedures were suspended. )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Standard Operating Procedures \(SOP\) were completely and inexplicably )Tj
T*
(dropped on 11th September \227 something that had never occurred before.\
)Tj
T*
(The question then remains as to who was responsible for ensuring that )Tj
T*
(routine emergency response rules were not adhered to. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(30)Tj
-24.74367 -1.75 Td
(Bykov and Israel have little doubt about who that was, saying: )Tj
T*
(The sabotage of routine protective systems, controlled by strict hierarc\
hies, would never )Tj
T*
(have been contemplated let alone attempted absent the involvement of the\
supreme US )Tj
T*
(military command. This includes at least US President George Bush, US Se\
cretary of )Tj
T*
(Defense Donald Rumsfeld and the then-Acting Head of the Joint Chiefs of \
Staff, Air )Tj
T*
(Force General Richard B. Myers. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(31)Tj
-13.58 -1.33333 Td
(This is indeed the question that must be faced: Could a plan to hijack a\
irplanes and crash )Tj
T*
(them into the WTC have been successful without "stand down" orders appro\
ved by Bush, )Tj
T*
(Rumsfeld, and Myers? )Tj
ET
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(As the conclusions drawn by critics of the official account of Flights 1\
1 and 175 show, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(this account has evoked disturbing questions. )Tj
ET
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310.235 782.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(32 Further disturbing questions have been )Tj
-18.36 -1.33333 Td
(raised by the collapse of the buildings of the World Trade Center. )Tj
ET
424.22 762.84456 m
432.67999 762.84456 l
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(33 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-26.52299 -2.60333 Td
(The Collapse of the WTC Buildings)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(According to the official account, the North and South Towers \(the Twin\
Towers\) )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(collapsed due to the impact of the airliners plus the intense heatproduc\
ed by the resulting )Tj
T*
(fires. Calling this the "official account," I should add, does not mean \
that it has been )Tj
T*
(endorsed by any official body. The Federal Emergency Management Agency \(\
FEMA\) )Tj
T*
(was given the task of investigating the collapse, but when it issued its\
report in May of )Tj
T*
(2002, it declared that "the sequence of events leading to the collapse o\
f each tower could )Tj
T*
(not be definitively determined." )Tj
ET
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(34 Nevertheless, FEMA's report was filled with )Tj
-12.99001 -1.33333 Td
(speculation that served to support the official theory. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This theory is widely rejected by those familiar with the facts. It was \
rejected already in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(January of 2002 in an article by Bill Manning entitled "Selling Out the \
Investigation," )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(which was published in )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Fire Engineering, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(a trade magazine with ties to the New York )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Fire Department. Manning reported that a growing number of fire protecti\
on engineers )Tj
T*
(had suggested that "the structural damage from the planes and the explos\
ive ignition of )Tj
T*
(jet fuel in themselves were not enough to bring down the towers." )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(35 In the meantime, )Tj
-26.599 -1.33333 Td
(many more objections to the official theory have been raised. Some of th\
ese objections )Tj
T*
(involve special problems associated with the collapse of a third buildin\
g in the complex )Tj
T*
(known as Building 7 \(WTC-7\). )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(To evaluate these objections, it is necessary to review some of the fact\
s. The North )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Tower \(WTC-1\) was struck at 8:46 AM. It collapsed one hour and 42 minu\
tes later, at )Tj
T*
(10:28. The South Tower \(WTC-2\) was struck at 9:03 AM. It collapsed 56 \
minutes later, )Tj
T*
(at 9:59. Building Number 7 \(WTC-7\), which was two blocks away and was \
not struck, )Tj
T*
(collapsed at 5:20 PM. These facts immediately suggest two questions: Why\
did the South )Tj
T*
(Tower, which was struck 17 minutes later than the North Tower, neverthel\
ess collapse 29 )Tj
T*
(minutes earlier? And why did WTC-7 collapse at all, given the fact that \
it was not )Tj
T*
(struck? Additional details about the collapse of these three buildings r\
aise even more )Tj
T*
(questions. I will first deal with questions that have been raised about \
the North and South )Tj
T*
(Towers, then turn to WTC-7. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.46948 TD
(The Twin Towers: )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(According one account that became widely circulated shortly after )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(9/11 by being articulated on a NOVA program, the North and South Towers \
were caused )Tj
T*
(to collapse when the heat of the fires, fed by the jet fuel, melted the \
buildings' steel )Tj
T*
(columns. )Tj
ET
84.71001 85.7103 m
93.17 85.7103 l
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(36 It is now universally agreed, however, that the fires would not have \
been )Tj
-3.88901 -1.33333 Td
(nearly hot enough. To melt steel, one needs a temperature in the range o\
f 2,770\260F \(1,500\260)Tj
T*
(C\), which can be produced only by some special device, such as an oxyac\
etyline torch. A )Tj
ET
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(hydrocarbon fire, such as one based on refined kerosene \227 which is wh\
at jet fuel is \227 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(does not get nearly that hot. As explained by Thomas Eagar, professor of\
materials )Tj
T*
(engineering and engineering systems at MIT, the maximum possible tempera\
ture for an )Tj
T*
(open fire fueled by hydrocarbons would be 1,600 to 1,700\260F. Moroever,\
since the WTC )Tj
T*
(fires were fuel-rich fires, as evidenced by the fact that they gave off \
much black smoke, )Tj
T*
(they were not even very hot for hydrocarbon fires, "probably only 1,200 \
or 1,300\260F." )Tj
ET
0 0 1 RG
0.72 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
541.19 710.84456 m
549.64999 710.84456 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 541.19 713.00456 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(37 )Tj
-34.321 -2.60001 Td
(As the melting theory illustrates, some of the widely accepted explanati\
ons of the )Tj
T*
(collapse of the towers are unsound scientifically. Many other theories a\
re inadequate )Tj
T*
(because they do not take account of specific facts about the buildings a\
nd the nature of )Tj
T*
(the collapses. Before examining any more theories, therefore, we should \
look at some of )Tj
T*
(these facts. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Each of the towers was about 1,300 feet tall. To support these extremely\
tall buildings, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(there were 47 steel columns in the central core of each building and 240\
steel columns )Tj
T*
(around the perimeter, with each column being far thicker at the bottom t\
han at the top. )Tj
T*
(The perimeter columns were connected to the core by means of steel bar-j\
oist trusses in )Tj
T*
(the concrete floors. Although there has been considerable talk of "flims\
y trusses," )Tj
ET
520.19 490.84456 m
528.64999 490.84456 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 520.19 493.00456 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(38 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-32.92101 -1.33614 Td
(Scientific American )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(quoted engineer Robert McNamara as saying "nowadays, they just )Tj
T*
(don't build them as tough as the World Trade Center." With regard to the\
bar-joist trusses )Tj
T*
(in particular, the FEMA report said: "The floor framing system for the t\
wo towers was )Tj
T*
(complex and substantially more redundant than typical bar joist floor sy\
stems." )Tj
ET
26.375 398.8024 m
34.83501 398.8024 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 400.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(39Investigations of some recovered steel have found, furthermore, that f\
ar from being )Tj
0 -1.33333 TD
(defective, it met or even exceeded the standard requirements. )Tj
ET
397.52 378.8024 m
405.98 378.8024 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 397.52 380.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(40Given these facts about )Tj
-24.743 -1.33333 Td
(the towers, we can dismiss a second idea that has been widely promulgate\
d, namely, that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the impact of the airplanes would have substantially weakened the towers\
. Thomas Eagar )Tj
T*
(says that the impact of the airplanes would have been insignificant, bec\
ause "the number )Tj
T*
(of columns lost on the initial impact was not large and the loads were s\
hifted to )Tj
T*
(remaining columns in this highly redundant structure." )Tj
ET
358.31 286.8024 m
366.77 286.8024 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 358.31 288.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(41 [W]ithin a few dozen seconds )Tj
-22.129 -1.33333 Td
(after the plane crash," Eric Hufschmid points out, "[t]he North tower wa\
s quiet, stable, )Tj
T*
(and motionless." )Tj
ET
130.41499 248.8024 m
138.875 248.8024 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 130.41499 250.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(42 )Tj
-6.936 -2.60001 Td
(Those who support the official account, such as Eagar himself, generally\
argue that the )Tj
T*
(collapses must be explained in terms of the heat from the fires. In Eaga\
r's words: "The )Tj
T*
(real damage in the World Trade Center resulted from the size of the fire\
." Because the )Tj
T*
(steel used in buildings must be able to hold five times its normal load,\
Eagar points out, )Tj
T*
(the steel in the towers could have collapsed only if it was heated to th\
e point at which it )Tj
T*
("lost 80 percent of its strength," which would be about 1,300F. Eagar be\
lieves that this is )Tj
T*
(what happened. )Tj
ET
124.265 101.8024 m
132.72501 101.8024 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 124.265 103.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(43 The credibility of the official theory, accordingly, depends at least\
in )Tj
-6.526 -1.33333 Td
(part on whether there is evidence that the towers had the requisite fire\
s. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(To evaluate this issue we must acknowledge the distinction, emphasized b\
y Eagar )Tj
ET
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q
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W* n
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(himself, between temperature and heat \(or energy\). )Tj
ET
0 0 1 RG
0.72 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
336.69501 800.84456 m
345.155 800.84456 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 336.69501 803.00456 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(44 Something, such as a burning )Tj
-20.688 -1.33333 Td
(match or light bulb, can have a very high temperature but not generate m\
uch heat )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\(energy\), because it is so small. A burning match would never bring a \
steel beam up to its )Tj
T*
(temperature. A 1,300F fire would bring a huge steel beam up to this temp\
erature only if it )Tj
T*
(were a very big fire, so that it had lots of energy. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(There is one more condition: The big fire would have to be applied to th\
e steel beam for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a considerable period of time. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(For the official theory to be credible, therefore, the fires in the towe\
rs must have been )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(moderately hot; they must have been large fires, spreading throughout th\
e buildings; and )Tj
T*
(they must have burned for a considerable length of time. All the availab\
le evidence, )Tj
T*
(however, suggests that the opposite was the case. A most valuable book f\
or examining )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(this evidence is Eric Hufschmid's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Painful Questions,)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
ET
345.72501 562.8024 m
354.185 562.8024 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 345.72501 564.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(45which contains the best set of )Tj
-21.28999 -1.33333 Td
(photographs available. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(The Twin Towers have commonly been described as "towering infernos." Fro\
m the point )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of view of human bodies, this was a true description of the North Tower,\
from which )Tj
T*
(many people leaped to their death to avoid the smoke and flames in the f\
loors above the )Tj
T*
(96th floor, where the airplane hit. There is a huge difference, however,\
between the )Tj
T*
(tolerance of human bodies and that of steel. Photographs of the North To\
wer provide no )Tj
T*
(evidence of any fire that could have weakened its steel significantly. A\
photograph taken )Tj
T*
(within 16 minutes of when the North Tower was hit \(because the South To\
wer had not )Tj
T*
(yet been hit\) shows only a dark hole with black smoke pouring out of it\
. No flames arc )Tj
T*
(visible. As Hufschmidt points out: "The lack of flames is an indication \
that the fires were )Tj
T*
(small, and the dark smoke is an indication that the fires were suffocati\
ng." )Tj
ET
475.34 343.8024 m
483.8 343.8024 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 475.34 345.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(46 Another )Tj
-29.931 -1.33333 Td
(photo, taken from another angle just after the South Tower was hit, show\
s some flames )Tj
T*
(on floors just above the point of impact but no others. However great th\
e flames may )Tj
T*
(have been in the first several minutes, while they were being fed by the\
jet fuel, this )Tj
T*
(skyscraper was not a towering inferno by the time 16 minutes had passed.\
)Tj
ET
472.97 269.8024 m
481.42999 269.8024 l
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0 0 1 rg
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15 0 0 15 472.97 271.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(47 )Tj
-29.77299 -2.60001 Td
(We have all, of course, seen pictures of a huge fireball outside the Sou\
th Tower. )Tj
ET
511.265 230.8024 m
519.72501 230.8024 l
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/TT0 1 Tf
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(>)Tj
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(48 )Tj
-32.326 -1.33333 Td
(There was also a fireball outside the North Tower after it was hit.)Tj
ET
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426.83 210.8024 l
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BT
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(>)Tj
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(49 These fireballs )Tj
-26.133 -1.33333 Td
(were created by the burning of the jet fuel that was spilled. The South \
Tower had a far )Tj
T*
(bigger fireball because it was hit near a corner, so more fuel was spill\
ed outside. These )Tj
T*
(fireballs generated a great amount of heat. But it was momentary, becaus\
e the fuel was )Tj
T*
(quickly burned up. )Tj
ET
143.03 136.8024 m
151.49001 136.8024 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 143.03 138.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(50The fact that the South Towers fireball was bigger, furthermore, )Tj
-7.77699 -1.33333 Td
(does not mean that the South Towers fires were bigger. To the contrary. \
Because so )Tj
T*
(much jet fuel was burned up within the first few minutes, there was less\
to feed the fire )Tj
T*
(inside the building. As Hufschmid reports, "photos show the spectacular \
flames vanished )Tj
T*
(quickly, and then the fire remained restricted to one area of the tower.\
..[and] slowly )Tj
T*
(diminished" )Tj
ET
102.92 44.8024 m
111.38 44.8024 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
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(>)Tj
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(51 )Tj
ET
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(The facts about the fire, therefore, seem to rule out any version of the\
official account )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(according to which each tower had hot, widespread, long-lasting fires. I\
nsofar as there )Tj
T*
(were hot fires, they were localized and of short duration. Such fires, e\
ven if they were )Tj
T*
(1,300\260F, could not have brought much if any steel up to that temperat\
ure. )Tj
ET
0 0 1 RG
0.72 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
470.66 731.8024 m
479.12 731.8024 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 470.66 733.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(52 )Tj
-29.619 -2.60001 Td
(Another count against the fire theory is the likelihood that, even if th\
e Twin Towers had )Tj
T*
(been engulfed in raging fires, they would not have collapsed. Prior to t\
he alleged )Tj
T*
(exceptions of 9/11, a steel-framed building had never before collapsed s\
olely because of )Tj
T*
(fire. As a report by FEMA in 1991 stated about a fire in a Philadelphia \
building that year, )Tj
T*
(the fire was so energetic that "[b]eams and girders sagged and twisted,"\
but "[d]espite )Tj
T*
(this extraordinary exposure, the columns continued to support their load\
s without )Tj
T*
(obvious damage." )Tj
ET
137.89999 584.8024 m
146.36 584.8024 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(53 )Tj
-7.435 -2.60001 Td
(Defenders of the fire theory, however, appeal to the special characteris\
tics of the Twin )Tj
T*
(Towers. Given these special characteristics, they contend, the fire did \
not have to heat all )Tj
T*
(me steel by spreading throughout all the floors. According to Thomas Eag\
ar, it was )Tj
T*
(sufficient to have a hot fire that covered one floor. The culprits, he s\
ays, were the angle )Tj
T*
(dips," which "held the floor joists between the columns on the perimeter\
wall and the )Tj
T*
(core structure," and which, he says, were not designed to hold five time\
s their normal )Tj
T*
(load.)Tj
ET
55.955 437.8024 m
64.41499 437.8024 l
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BT
/TT0 1 Tf
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(54 Articulating what critics call the "zipper" version of the truss theo\
ry, Eagar )Tj
-1.972 -1.33333 Td
(says: "Once you started to get angle clips to fail in one area, it put e\
xtra load on other )Tj
T*
(angle clips, and then it unzipped around the building on that floor in a\
matter of )Tj
T*
(seconds." )Tj
ET
87.485 381.8024 m
95.94501 381.8024 l
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BT
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(>)Tj
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(55 And then: )Tj
-1.40733 -2.60001 Td
(As the joists on one or two of the most heavily burned floors gave way a\
nd )Tj
T*
(the outer box columns began to bow outward, the floors above them also )Tj
T*
(fell. The floor below \(with its 1300-ton design capacity\) could not su\
pport )Tj
T*
(the roughly 45,000 tons of ten floors \(or more\) above crashing down on\
)Tj
T*
(these angle clips. This started the domino effect that caused the buildi\
ngs to )Tj
T*
(collapse within ten seconds. )Tj
ET
238.44 252.8024 m
246.89999 252.8024 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 238.44 254.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
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(56)Tj
-14.13766 -1.75 Td
(Something like this theory was endorsed in the FEMA report, which spoke \
of "a pancake-)Tj
T*
(type of collapse of successive floors." )Tj
ET
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265.49001 208.5524 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 257.03 210.7124 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(57 )Tj
-15.377 -2.60001 Td
(There are, however, many problems with this account. First, even this mo\
re modest view )Tj
T*
(of the amount of steel that had to become very hot would seem to require\
more heat than )Tj
T*
(was present, especially in the South Tower. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Second, as Hufschmid points out: "In order for a floor to fall, hundreds\
of joints had to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(break almost simultaneously on 236 exterior columns and 47 core columns.\
" )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(58 )Tj
-30.905 -2.60001 Td
(Third, Eagar means his theory to do justice to the fact that the towers \
collapsed "within )Tj
ET
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(ten seconds." For a 1,300-foot building, however, ten seconds is almost \
free-fall speed. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(But if each floor produced just a little resistance, so that breaking th\
rough each one took )Tj
T*
(a half second, the collapse of all those floors \227 80 or 95 of them \227\
would have taken 40 )Tj
T*
(to 47 seconds. Can we really believe that the upper part of the building\
s encountered )Tj
T*
(virtually no resistance from the lower parts? )Tj
ET
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303.53 728.84456 l
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(59 The problem would be even worse in )Tj
-17.91299 -1.33333 Td
(relation to the North Tower, at least if Hufschmid is right to say that \
it fell in eight )Tj
T*
(seconds, which would be exactly free-fall speed "How," he asks, "could t\
he debris crush )Tj
T*
(100 steel and concrete floors while falling as fast as objects fall thro\
ugh air?" )Tj
ET
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501.69501 672.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(60 )Tj
-31.12399 -2.60001 Td
(Fourth, Eagar's theory, like all other versions of the official account \
cannot do justice to )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(the fact that the collapse of the towers was )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(total,)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( resulting in a pile of rubble that, in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Eagars own words, "was only a few stories high." )Tj
ET
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(61 Even if one granted that his theory )Tj
-20.118 -1.33333 Td
(might explain why the floors and outer columns collapsed, it docs not ex\
plain, argues )Tj
T*
(Peter Meyer, the collapse of the massive steel columns in the core of th\
e buildings: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Why were the lower parts of the massive supporting steel columns not lef\
t )Tj
T*
(standing after the collapse? If the official story is true, that the dam\
age was )Tj
T*
(caused by the impacts and fires, which occurred only in the upper floors\
, )Tj
T*
(and that the floors then pancaked, one would expect the massive steel )Tj
T*
(columns in the central core, for, say, the lowest 20 or 30 floors, to ha\
ve )Tj
T*
(remained standing. )Tj
ET
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(62)Tj
-10.52667 -1.75 Td
(Still another fact about the collapse of the towers that counts against \
the fire theory is the )Tj
T*
(fact, mentioned at the outset, that the South Tower collapsed first. As \
we saw, it would )Tj
T*
(take considerable time for fire to heat steel up to its own temperature.\
All other things )Tj
T*
(being equal, then, the tower that was struck first should have collapsed\
first. And yet, )Tj
T*
(although the South Tower was struck 17 minutes later than the North Towe\
r, it collapsed )Tj
T*
(29 minutes earlier. This surprising fact would perhaps not create a prob\
lem if the fire in )Tj
T*
(the South Tower had been much bigger. As we have seen, however, the fire\
in the South )Tj
T*
(Tower was actually much smaller. Upon hearing that one tower took almost\
twice as )Tj
T*
(long as the other one, therefore, one would assume that that was the Sou\
th Tower. And )Tj
T*
(yet the opposite was the case. This complete reversal of expectations su\
ggests that the )Tj
T*
(collapse of these buildings was caused by something other than the fires\
. )Tj
ET
466.73 226.5524 m
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(>)Tj
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(63 )Tj
-29.35699 -2.60001 Td
(And that is, of course, what the critics maintain. Their alternative exp\
lanation is that the )Tj
T*
(collapse was an example of a controlled demolition, based on explosives \
that had been )Tj
T*
(placed throughout the building. This theory, point out its advocates, ca\
n explain all the )Tj
T*
(facts discussed thus far. With regard to why the collapse was total and \
so rapid, Meyer )Tj
T*
(says that )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(this is understandable if the bases of the steel columns were destroyed \
by )Tj
T*
(explosions at the level of the bedrock. With those bases obliterated, an\
d the )Tj
T*
(supporting steel columns shattered by explosions at various levels in th\
e )Tj
ET
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(Twin Towers, the upper floors lost all support and collapsed to ground l\
evel )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(in about ten seconds. )Tj
ET
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(64)Tj
-11.30467 -1.75 Td
(Also, the controlled demolition theory, in conjunction with the fact tha\
t the South Tower )Tj
T*
(was struck near the corner, can account for the otherwise surprising ord\
er in which the )Tj
T*
(two towers collapsed. )Tj
T*
(In both cases the fires within the buildings died down after awhile, giv\
ing off only black, )Tj
T*
(sooty smoke. If the Twin Towers were deliberately demolished, and the in\
tention was to )Tj
T*
(blame the collapse on the fires... then the latest time at which the tow\
ers could be )Tj
T*
(collapsed would be just as the fires were dying down. Since the fire in \
the South Tower )Tj
T*
(resulted from the combustion of less fuel than the fire in the North Tow\
er, the fire in the )Tj
T*
(South Tower began to go out earlier than the fire in the North Tower. Th\
ose controlling )Tj
T*
(the demolition thus had to collapse the South Tower before they collapse\
d the North )Tj
T*
(Tower. )Tj
ET
73.02499 576.59456 m
81.485 576.59456 l
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(>)Tj
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(65)Tj
-3.11 -1.33333 Td
(There are, furthermore, some additional facts about the collapse of the \
Twin Towers that )Tj
T*
(seem explainable only by the demolition theory. One of these is the fact\
that each )Tj
T*
(collapse produced a lot of fine dust or powder, which upon analysis prov\
ed to consist )Tj
T*
(primarily of gypsum and concrete. )Tj
ET
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245.63 502.59456 l
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(66 Jeff King, examining the official account in light )Tj
-14.05299 -1.33333 Td
(of what the videos show, says: )Tj
T*
([T]he biggest and most obvious problem that I see is the source of the e\
normous amount )Tj
T*
(of very fine dust that we see generated during the collapse.... Where do\
es the energy )Tj
T*
(come from to turn all this reinforced concrete into dust? )Tj
ET
365.48 428.59456 m
373.94 428.59456 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 365.48 430.75456 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(67)Tj
-22.60699 -1.33333 Td
(And as Hufshmid adds, photos of the rubble show only "a few small pieces\
of concrete," )Tj
T*
(which means that "[v]irtually every piece of concrete shattered into dus\
t." As a result, )Tj
T*
("Perhaps 100,000 tons of concrete in each tower was pulverized to a powd\
er. This )Tj
T*
(required a lot of energy." )Tj
ET
180.785 354.59456 m
189.245 354.59456 l
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(68 What is especially problematic, King suggests, is )Tj
-10.29401 -1.33333 Td
(how much very fine concrete dust is ejected from the top or the building\
very early in the )Tj
T*
(collapse. Since it should at most be accelerating under gravity at 32 fe\
et per second, )Tj
T*
(things would actually be moving quite slowly at first.... It is very har\
d to imagine a )Tj
T*
(physical mechanism to generate that much dust with concrete slabs bumpin\
g into each )Tj
T*
(other at 20 or 30 mph. )Tj
ET
163.44501 262.59456 m
171.905 262.59456 l
S
0 0 1 rg
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 163.44501 264.75456 Tm
(>)Tj
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(69)Tj
-9.138 -1.33333 Td
(Hufschmid points out, moreover, that even concrete slabs hitting the gro\
und at free-fall )Tj
T*
(speed would not be pulverized. "In order to pulverise concrete into powd\
er, explosives )Tj
T*
(must be used.")Tj
ET
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123.035 206.59456 l
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(>)Tj
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(70 The use of explosives is perhaps even more strongly suggested by )Tj
-5.88 -1.33333 Td
(another feature of the collapses, alluded to in King's second statement,\
namely, that when )Tj
T*
(the towers started to collapse, they did not fall straight down, as the \
pancake theory )Tj
T*
(holds. They exploded. The powder was ejected horizontally from the build\
ings with such )Tj
T*
(force that the buildings were surrounded by enormous dust clouds that we\
re perhaps )Tj
T*
(three times the width of the buildings themselves. The photographs in Hu\
fschmid's book )Tj
T*
(are especially valuable for helping one grasp this overwhelmingly impres\
sive and )Tj
T*
(important fact. )Tj
ET
118.44501 78.59456 m
126.905 78.59456 l
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(>)Tj
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(71 What other than explosives could turn concrete into powder and then )Tj
-6.138 -1.33333 Td
(eject it horizontally 150 feet or more? And if it be suspected that the \
dust simply floated )Tj
T*
(out, some of the photographs show that rather large pieces of the tower \
were also thrown )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(72 )Tj
-8.66499 -2.60001 Td
(Another startling feature of the collapse would have required still more\
energy. Besides )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(powdery dust, the other major component of the rubble was, as would be e\
xpected, steel. )Tj
T*
(But the steel was in short sections. "Almost every piece of steel in bot\
h towers broke at )Tj
T*
(the joints." )Tj
ET
95.42 707.84456 m
103.88 707.84456 l
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 95.42 710.00456 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(73 )Tj
-4.603 -2.60001 Td
(The controlled demolition theory is given additional support by the fact\
that some people, )Tj
T*
(including some firemen, reported hearing explosions, feeling explosions,\
or witnessing )Tj
T*
(effects that appeared to be results of explosions, both in the intermedi\
ate floors and in the )Tj
T*
(subbasements of the Towers. )Tj
ET
204.25999 614.84456 m
212.72 614.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(74 )Tj
-11.85899 -2.60001 Td
(Still more support is provided by seismic evidence that a moderately pow\
erful )Tj
T*
(earthquake was recorded as each tower was collapsing. The seismographs a\
t Columbia )Tj
T*
(University's Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory in Palisades, New York, 21\
miles north )Tj
T*
(of the WTC, recorded a 2.1 magnitude earthquake beginning at 9:59:04, th\
en a 2.3 quake )Tj
T*
(beginning at 10:28:31. )Tj
ET
165.545 503.84456 m
174.005 503.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(75 In each case, "the shocks increased during the first 5 seconds )Tj
-9.278 -1.33333 Td
(then dropped abruptly to a lower level for about 3 seconds, and then slo\
wly tapered off." )Tj
T*
(This pattern, Hufschmid suggests, reflects the fact that the first explo\
sives detonated )Tj
T*
(were those near the tops of the towers, where the steel columns were the\
thinnest. The )Tj
T*
(shocks get stronger as the detonation pattern, controlled by a computer \
program, worked )Tj
T*
(its way down. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(The final explosions at the base of the tower and in the basement had to\
break joints on )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(columns made from 100mm thick steel, so they were powerful explosives. T\
he seismic )Tj
T*
(data peaked when the explosives in the basement were detonated. Then the\
explosions )Tj
T*
(stopped and the rubble continued to fall for another couple of seconds, \
resulting in small )Tj
T*
(seismic tremors. )Tj
ET
128.45 302.84456 m
136.91 302.84456 l
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0 0 1 rg
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(>)Tj
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(76 )Tj
-6.80499 -2.60001 Td
(The demolition theory is further supported by reports that molten steel \
was found at the )Tj
T*
(level of the subbasements. The president of Controlled Demolition, Inc. \
\(in Phoenix, )Tj
T*
(Maryland\), Mark Loizeaux, who wrote the clean-up plan for the entire op\
eration, has )Tj
T*
(been quoted as saying that in the third, fourth, and fifth weeks, the cl\
ean-up crew found )Tj
T*
("hot spots of molten steel...at the bottoms of the elevator shafts of th\
e main towers, down )Tj
T*
(seven [basement] levels." )Tj
ET
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191.75 173.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(77 )Tj
-10.461 -2.60001 Td
(Besides explaining the existence of the widely reported hot spots, which\
kept smoldering )Tj
T*
(for weeks, )Tj
ET
92.60001 116.84456 m
101.06 116.84456 l
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BT
/TT0 1 Tf
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(>)Tj
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(78 the theory that explosives had been set could explain an otherwise )Tj
-4.41499 -1.33333 Td
(inexplicable fact \227 that after the collapse of the towers, the debris\
, induding the steel, )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(was quickly removed before there could be any significant investigation.\
The )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York )Tj
T*
(Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(complained, saying: "The decision to rapidly recycle the steel columns, \
beams and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(trusses from the WTC in the days immediately after 9/11 means definitive\
answers may )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(never be known." The next week, the aforementioned essay in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Fire Engineering )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(said: )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
("The destruction and removal of evidence must stop immediatdy." )Tj
ET
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(79 But it went ahead )Tj
-26.813 -1.33333 Td
(at full speed. )Tj
ET
107.19501 762.8024 m
115.655 762.8024 l
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0 0 1 rg
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(>)Tj
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(80 Explaining the possible significance of this feet, Meyer points out t\
hat )Tj
-2.72133 -2.60001 Td
([a] way to prove that the supporting steel columns of the Twin Towers ha\
d )Tj
T*
(been blasted by explosives would be to examine fragments from them )Tj
T*
(among the debris for evidence of what metallurgists call "twinning." But\
the )Tj
T*
(WTC debris was removed as fast as possible and no forensic examination o\
f )Tj
T*
(the debris was permitted.... Almost all the 300,000 tons of steel from t\
he )Tj
T*
(Twin Towers was sold to New York scrap dealers and exported to places )Tj
T*
(like China and Korea as quickly as it could be loaded onto the ships, )Tj
T*
(thereby removing the evidence. )Tj
ET
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(81)Tj
-15.52467 -1.75 Td
(Why this haste, critics wonder, unless the government had something to h\
ide? )Tj
ET
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506.45 571.5524 l
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(>)Tj
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(82 )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
-31.44099 -2.60435 Td
(WTC-7: )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Although the collapse of this 47-story building is generally ignored or \
discussed )Tj
T*
(simply as an afterthought, it is in many respects the most puzzling. Bec\
ause it was not )Tj
T*
(struck by an airplane, the main ingredients in the typical explanations \
of the collapse of )Tj
T*
(the Twin Towers cannot be employed. There is, in fact, no official expla\
nation. The )Tj
T*
(FEMA report provided a lot of speculation about what might have happened\
, but )Tj
T*
(provided no consensus statement about what actually did happen. )Tj
ET
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(83 The report by the )Tj
-26.44099 -1.33333 Td
(House Science Committee also provided no explanation. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(84 But insofar as there is an )Tj
-22.942 -1.33333 Td
(account that is widely accepted in official and media circles, it goes s\
omething like this. )Tj
T*
(Although Building 7 -- which was 355 feet away from the North Tower and \
still farther )Tj
T*
(from the South Tower \227 was not hit by any significant amount of falli\
ng debris, enough )Tj
T*
(debris did cross over to start a fire. Then besides the fact that the fi\
re chief decided, for )Tj
T*
(some unknown reason, not to have his crew enter this building, the sprin\
kler system )Tj
T*
(\(inexplicably\) failed to put out this little fire, and it grew until i\
t was raging. It then came )Tj
T*
(into contact with the thousands of gallons of diesel fuel stored on the \
ground floor. The )Tj
T*
(resulting fire then became so hot that it caused the building's steel re\
inforcement to )Tj
T*
(collapse at 5:20 PM. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This theory faces many problems. First, there is no evidence of any ragi\
ng fire. "Every )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(photo taken of building 7," Hufschmid reports, "shows only a few tiny fi\
res in only a few )Tj
T*
(windows," primarily on the 7th and 12th floors. )Tj
ET
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(85 )Tj
-19.29601 -2.60001 Td
(Second, there is again the problem of how a hydrocarbon fire, even had i\
t been raging, )Tj
T*
(could have caused the collapse, especially since Buildings 4, 5, and 6 d\
id have raging )Tj
T*
(fires but did not collapse.)Tj
ET
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186.905 110.48697 l
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(>)Tj
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(86 In this case, moreover, the collapse could not be partly )Tj
-10.138 -1.33333 Td
(explained by the impact and fuel of an airplane, so WTC-7 would be the f\
irst steel-)Tj
T*
(framedbuilding in history to collapse solely from fire damage. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(87 If such a thing really )Tj
-25.108 -1.33333 Td
(happened on 9/11, critics point out, this would be an event of overwhelm\
ing importance. )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(Everything that architects and building engineers have long assumed abou\
t steel-framed )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(buildings would need to be rethought. Insurance companies around the wor\
ld would need )Tj
T*
(to recalculate all their rates on the basis of the realization that ordi\
nary fires could cause )Tj
T*
(steel-framed buildings to collapse. And so on. And yet the idea that WTC\
-7 collapsed )Tj
T*
(because of fire has been accepted as if it were nothing unusual. In an e\
ssay entided )Tj
T*
("WTC-7: The Improbable Collapse," Scott Loughrey says: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(FEMAs nonchalance about WTC-7s collapse is stunning. Structural failures\
)Tj
T*
(of this magnitude do not normally take place.... [Do] we now live in an \
era )Tj
T*
(when tall steel buildings can collapse in large cities without any signi\
ficant )Tj
T*
(discussion of why? )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(88)Tj
-10.58267 -1.75 Td
(Third, there are several features that would be difficult for the offici\
al theory because )Tj
T*
(they suggest controlled demolition. Indeed, Hufschmit emphasizes, the co\
llapse of WTC-)Tj
T*
(7, unlike that of the Twin Towers, suggests a typical demolition, becaus\
e "Building 7 )Tj
T*
(collapsed at its bottom." )Tj
T*
(When Building 7 collapsed, the interior fell first, and that caused the \
outside of the )Tj
T*
(building to move inward.... The result was a very tiny pile of rubble, w\
ith the outside of )Tj
T*
(the building collapsing on top of the pile. This is how conventional dem\
olitions operate. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(89)Tj
0 -1.33333 TD
(A significant amount of powdery dust was also produced, although in this\
case there was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(not as much dust and most of it was produced at the ground, where this c\
ollapse began, )Tj
T*
(instead of in the air. )Tj
ET
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(90 Seismic vibrations were registered at the time of the collapse, )Tj
-8.22099 -1.33333 Td
(although they were only one tenth the magnitude of those associated with\
the other )Tj
T*
(towers, and there were two hot spots in the rubble from this collapse, o\
ne of which was )Tj
T*
(extremely hot. )Tj
ET
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125.24001 355.59456 l
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(>)Tj
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(91 Molten steel was also reportedly found at this site. )Tj
ET
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458.255 355.59456 l
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(92Finally, the )Tj
-28.228 -1.33333 Td
(steel was quickly removed from this site as well, and with even less jus\
tification, for the )Tj
T*
(building had long since been evacuated, so there was no need to search f\
or survivors, as )Tj
T*
(there had been at the Twin Towers. So what possible justification was th\
ere for the )Tj
T*
(destruction of forensic evidence \227 which is generally considered a se\
rious crime? )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In conclusion, I return to the point that the FEMA report actually gave \
no explanation. It )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(instead said: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(The specifics of the fires in WTC 7 and how they caused the building to \
)Tj
T*
(collapse remain unknown at this time. Although the total diesel fuel on \
the )Tj
T*
(premises contained massive potential energy, the best hypothesis has onl\
y a )Tj
T*
(low probability of occurrence. )Tj
ET
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260.205 135.59456 l
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(>)Tj
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(93)Tj
-15.02467 -1.75 Td
(It must be recognized, however, that FEMA had been given an impossible a\
ssignment \227 )Tj
T*
(to explain the collapse of this building while remaining within the fram\
ework of the )Tj
T*
(official theory. Not being able to suggest that the collapse resulted fr\
om a controlled )Tj
T*
(demolition, the best FEMA could come up with was a theory having "only a\
low )Tj
T*
(probability." )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(The same understanding must be applied to Thomas Eagar and all the other\
experts who )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have presented highly improbable explanations of the collapse of the Twi\
n Towers. If )Tj
T*
(political correctness were not a factor so that they could simply state \
the most probable )Tj
T*
(hypothesis, given the evidence, most of them would surely choose control\
led demolition. )Tj
T*
(For example, Matthys Levy, who suggested that the towers fell because th\
eir steel )Tj
T*
(melted, also said: "It was very much like a controlled demolition when y\
ou look at it." )Tj
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(>)Tj
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(94 If it was indeed a controlled demolition, of course, that would mean \
that the )Tj
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(terrorists were able to succeed in their mission to bring down the World\
Trade Center )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(only because it was an inside job. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(====== )Tj
T*
(The questions raised about the official accounts of Flight 77, Flight 17\
5, and the collapse )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(of Buildings )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(1,2, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(and 7 of the World Trade Center do not necessarily point to presidential\
)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(complicity. But they do seem to point to official complicity at some lev\
el. Although the )Tj
T*
(evidence that the collapse of the WTC was an inside job might mean that \
it was planned )Tj
0 -1.20332 TD
(by )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(private)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( parties, the fact that the federal government allowed forensic evidence\
to be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(removed suggests at least the first possible view mentioned in the Intro\
duction: official )Tj
T*
(complicity in a cover-up. But then this first view \227 according to whi\
ch no US officials )Tj
T*
(played a role in facilitating the attacks \227 seems to be ruled out by \
the evidence related to )Tj
T*
(Flights 11 and 175, which seems to require involvement by at least the P\
entagon's )Tj
T*
(NMCC and NORAD. The evidence about the flights also seems to rule out th\
e second )Tj
T*
(possible view, according to which no US agencies had any specific knowle\
dge of the )Tj
T*
(attacks in advance. The attacks on the WTC, it would seem, could not hav\
e succeeded )Tj
T*
(unless some US officials had given "stand down" orders for standard oper\
ating )Tj
T*
(procedures to be canceled on that particular day. And, although this mig\
ht be taken to )Tj
T*
(mean the fifth possible view, according to which the Pentagon gave those\
orders, it )Tj
T*
(would be difficult to believe that such orders could have been given wit\
hout White )Tj
T*
(House approval. Examinations of the official account of the attacks on t\
he WTC in )Tj
T*
(relation to various relevant facts have, in any case, raised disturbing \
questions. Further )Tj
T*
(disturbing questions have been evoked, moreover, by tensions between the\
facts and the )Tj
T*
(official accounts of the other flights. )Tj
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(FOOTNOTES for Chapter 1:)Tj
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(hint: )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(press the BACK-button on your browser to jump back to the original text-\
location)Tj
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/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
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(1)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 67.56784 Tm
(Paul Thompson explains: "The transponder is the electronic device that i\
dentifies the jet )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(on the controllers screen, gives its exact location and altitude, and al\
so allows a four-digit )Tj
ET
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(emergency hijack code to be sent." See Thompson, "September 11: Minute-b\
y-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Minute" \(After 8:13 AM\) )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 769.30365 Tm
(2)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 765.46365 Tm
(That Rumsfeld made this statement was reported by republican Representat\
ive )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(Christopher Cox on September 12, according to an Associated Press story \
of September )Tj
T*
(16, 2001, quoted in Thompson, 8:44 AM. Incidentally, as one becomes fiim\
iliar with the )Tj
T*
(vast amount of material about 9/11 available on the Internet, one learns\
that there is little )Tj
T*
(about the official account that is uncontested. Even the idea that what \
hit the North )Tj
T*
(Tower of the WTC was AA Flight 11 has been challenged. In note 32, below\
, I mention )Tj
T*
(this and some other theories not discussed in the text. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 641.76274 Tm
(3)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 637.92274 Tm
(The FAA's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Aeronautical Information Manual: Official Guide to Basic Flight )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(Information and Air Traffic Control \(ATC\) Procedures )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(www.faa.gov\), quoted in )Tj
T*
(Thompson, "September 11," introductory material. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 586.17967 Tm
(4)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 582.33966 Tm
(Congressional testimony by NORAD'S commander, General Ralph E. Eberhart,\
made in )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(October 2002, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Slate )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(magazine, January 16, 2002, both quoted in Thompson, )Tj
T*
("September 11," introductory material. Although both statements were pre\
ceded by )Tj
T*
("now," suggesting a speed-up in procedure since 9/11, there seems to be \
no evidence that )Tj
T*
(response times were different prior to that date. That should, in any ca\
se, be easy enough )Tj
T*
(for investigators to determine. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 476.59659 Tm
(5)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 472.75659 Tm
(Nafeez Mosaddeq Ahmed, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The War on Freedom: How and Why America Was Attacked )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(September 11, 2001 )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Joshua Tree, Calif.: Tree of Life Publications, 2002\), 151. \(A )Tj
T*
(nautical mile is a little longer than a statute mile.\) Since this book \
by Ahmed is the only )Tj
T*
(writing by him that I use, it will henceforth be cited simply as "Ahmed.\
" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 402.9798 Tm
(6)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 399.13979 Tm
(MSNBC, September 12, 2001, quoted in Thompson, "September 11," introduct\
ory )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(material. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 365.43887 Tm
(7)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 361.59888 Tm
(Ahmed 146, citing the FAA's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Aeronautical Information Manual, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
("Interception )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(Signals" \(www.faa.gov\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 327.89796 Tm
(8)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 324.05797 Tm
(Glen Johnson, "Facing Terror Attacks Aftermath," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston Globe, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 15, 2001, )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(quoted in Ahmed, 148. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 290.35706 Tm
(9)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 286.51704 Tm
(Ahmed, 157-58, and Illarion Bykov and Jared Israel, "Guilty for 9-11: Bu\
sh, Rumsfeld, )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(Myers, Section 1: Why Were None of the Hijacked Planes Intercepted?", bo\
th referring )Tj
T*
(to the interview with Vice President Chcncy on NEC's "Meet the Press," S\
eptember 16, )Tj
T*
(2001. The article by Bykov and Israel, along with several other articles\
on 9/11 by Israel, )Tj
T*
(can be found at www.emperors-clothes.com/ indict/911page.htm. This parti\
cular article )Tj
T*
(is listed in the Table of Contents under "Evidence of high-level governm\
ent conspiracy )Tj
T*
(in the events of 9-11." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 162.81613 Tm
(10)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 158.97614 Tm
(General Henry Shelton was still the chairman, but on 9/11 he was reporte\
dly out of the )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(country. Myers, who was vice chairman, had just been named as Shelton's \
replacement )Tj
T*
(and was functioning as the acting chairman. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 107.27522 Tm
(11)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 103.43523 Tm
(Myers Confirmation Testimony, Senate Armed Services Committee, Washingto\
n, DC, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(September 13, 2001, cited in Thompson \(After 8:48 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 69.73431 Tm
(12)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 65.89432 Tm
(Ahmed, 167. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 50.19341 Tm
(13)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 46.35339 Tm
(Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Instruction 3610.01A, June 1, 2001\
, "Aircraft )Tj
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(Piracy \(Hijacking\) and Destruction of Derelict Airborne Objects" \(www\
.dtic.mil\), )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(referred to in Thierry Meyssan, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(London: Carnot Publishing, 2002\), 147. )Tj
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(14)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 765.42149 Tm
(Pentagate. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(110-11, quoting Department of Defense Directive 3025.15, February 18, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(1997, "Military Assistance to Civil Authorities" \(www.nci.org\). Meyssa\
n hence disagrees )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with researchers who have accepted the view that, in Ahmed's words, "onl\
y the President )Tj
T*
(had the authority to order the shooting down of a civilian airliner" \(1\
67\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 695.72058 Tm
(15)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 691.88058 Tm
(Thompson, 8:43 AM. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 676.17967 Tm
(16)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 672.33966 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 11, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(USA Today, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 3, 2002, quoted in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Thompson \(8:55 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 638.63875 Tm
(17)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 634.79875 Tm
(Newhouse News, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 25, 2002, quoted in Thompson, 8:43 AM. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 619.09784 Tm
(18)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 615.25784 Tm
("US Senator Carl Levin \(D-MI\) Holds Hearing on Nomination of General R\
ichard )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Myers to be Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff," Senate Armed Service\
s Committee, )Tj
T*
(Washington DC, September 13, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 150. )Tj
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(19)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 559.71692 Tm
(Glen Johnson, "Otis Fighter Jets Scrambled Too Late to Halt the Attacks,\
" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Globe, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 15, and NBC's "Meet the Press," September 16, 2001, quoted in \
)Tj
T*
(Ahmed, 150. Cheney made no reference to jets being only a few minutes la\
te. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 507.97385 Tm
(20)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 504.13385 Tm
(Israel and Bykov, "Guilty for 9-11," quoted in Ahmed, 168. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 488.43294 Tm
(21)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 484.59294 Tm
(Although this new version was in the air a few days earlier, NORAD made \
it official )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(on September 18 in a press release, in which it gave the times at which,\
it said, it was )Tj
T*
(notified by the FAA and at which it gave scramble orders \(available at \
www.standdown.)Tj
T*
(net/noradseptember182001pressrelease.htm\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 414.89203 Tm
(22)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 411.05203 Tm
(Allan Wood and Paul Thompson, "An Interesting Day: President Bush's Move\
ments )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(and Actions on 9/11," Center for Cooperative Research \(www.cooperativer\
esearch.org\), )Tj
T*
(under "Bush is Briefed as the Hijackings Begin." )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 359.31738 Tm
(23)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 355.47739 Tm
(Aviation Week and Space Technology, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(June 3, 2002, cited in Thompson, 8:52 AM. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 339.77647 Tm
(24)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 335.93648 Tm
(George Szamuely, "Scrambled Messages," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Press, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(14/50 \(www.nypress.com/)Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(l4/50/taki/bunker.cfm\), cited in Ahmed, 151-52. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 302.23557 Tm
(25)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 298.39555 Tm
(Thompson, 8:52 AM, citing NORAD, September 18, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 282.69464 Tm
(26)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 278.85464 Tm
(Ahmed, 151. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 263.15373 Tm
(27)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 259.31374 Tm
(Stan Goff, "The So-Called Evidence is a Farce," Narco News #14: October \
10, 2001 )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(\(www.narconews.com\), quoted in Ahmed, 173 n. 313. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 225.61282 Tm
(28)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 221.77281 Tm
(Andreas von B\374low, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Tagespiegel, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 13, 2002, quoted in Ahmed, 144. Von )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Buelow later came out with a book, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Die CIA und der 11. September: Internationaler )Tj
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(Terror und die Rolle der Geheimdienste )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Munich: Piper Verlag, 2003\), which is briefly )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(discussed in the final chapter. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 151.98758 Tm
(29)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 148.14758 Tm
(Anatoli Kornukov, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pravda Online, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 13, 2001 \()Tj
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(http://english.pravda.ru)Tj
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(\), )Tj
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(quoted in Ahmed, 163-64. )Tj
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(30)Tj
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(Ahmed, 164, 167. )Tj
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(31)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 89.06577 Tm
(Israel and Bykov, "Guilty for 9-11," quoted in Ahmed, 169. )Tj
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(32)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 69.52484 Tm
(There are, furthermore, many questions that I have not broached in the t\
ext. One or )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(these is whether the airplanes that crashed into the towers were really \
being flown by )Tj
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(hijackers, or were instead being guided by remote control, perhaps using\
the Global )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Hawk technology developed by the Defense Department, which has been func\
tioning at )Tj
T*
(least since 1997 and enables an airplane to fly itself, from takeoff thr\
ough landing )Tj
T*
(\(Thompson, "Timeline," 1998 [A] and April 23, 2001\). Meyssan believes \
that this is )Tj
T*
(likely, partly because he considers it improbable that amateur pilots co\
uld have hit those )Tj
T*
(relatively narrow targets so accurately with Boeing airliners, which hav\
e low )Tj
T*
(maneuverability. He finds this especially improbable with regard to Flig\
ht 175, which )Tj
T*
("was forced to execute a complex rotation maneuver, particularly difficu\
lt facing the )Tj
T*
(wind." Professional pilots he consulted, he reports, "confirmed that few\
amongst )Tj
T*
(themselves could envisage performing such an operation and completely ru\
led it out in )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(the case of amateur pilots" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(33-34\). )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(In relation to this theory, Thompson reports that Flights 11, 175, and 7\
7, all of which had )Tj
T*
(surprisingly few passengers for transcontinental flights \(81, 56, and 5\
8, respectively\), )Tj
T*
(each had at least one passenger who was a senior official in Raytheon's \
division of )Tj
T*
(Electronics Warfare, which developed the Global Hawk technology \("Timel\
ine," )Tj
T*
(September 25, 2001\). Since such officials would presumably not have sac\
rificed )Tj
T*
(themselves willingly, this curious fact would seem to make sense only in\
conjunction )Tj
T*
(with the view, held by some revisionists mainly on the basis of video ev\
idence, that the )Tj
T*
(Twin Towers were not hit by Flights 11 and 175 but instead by military p\
lanes. Some )Tj
T*
(who hold this theory believe that the purpose of turning off the transpo\
nders was to allow )Tj
T*
(the switch to be made. In any case, this theory would raise the question\
of what really )Tj
T*
(happened to these two flights and their passengers \(just as the theory \
that the Pentagon )Tj
T*
(was not really hit by Flight 77, to be discussed in Chapter 2, raises th\
e question of what )Tj
T*
(happened to this flight and its passengers\). This theory would also see\
m to imply that the )Tj
T*
(flight training undergone by the alleged hijackers, to be discussed in C\
hapters 6 and 8, )Tj
T*
(was for the sake of creating a plausible cover story. \(On the reason fo\
r referring to the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(alleged )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(hijackers, see the section on "The Question of the True Identity of the \
Hijackers" )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(in Ch. 6.\) In any case, the fact that I have not discussed these more r\
adical challenges to )Tj
T*
(the official account in the text does not necessarily reflect my judgmen\
t that they are not )Tj
T*
(true. It simply reflects my judgment that, whatever their merits, they a\
re not necessary )Tj
T*
(for the purpose of this book, which is not to explain "what really happe\
ned" but merely to )Tj
T*
(summarize what seem to be the strongest reasons that have been given for\
considering )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(the official account to be false \(so as to show the need for a full inv\
estigation to )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(find out )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(what really happened\). And the evidence against the official account of\
the failure to )Tj
T*
(prevent the attacks on the WTC is very strong independently of any of th\
ese more radical )Tj
T*
(challenges. \(In the latter part of this chapter and in the following ch\
apter, by contrast, I )Tj
T*
(do deal with the question of what really happened insofar as it is integ\
ral to the critics' )Tj
T*
(challenges to the official account.\) )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 121.17717 Tm
(33)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 117.33717 Tm
(Throughout most of the period during which I was working on this book, I\
had ignored )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(this issue, having decided on the basis of an early, cursory reading of \
some of the )Tj
T*
(arguments that the evidence against the official view was not strong eno\
ugh to include. )Tj
T*
(As with other matters, however, I eventually found that my initial impre\
ssion was faulty. )Tj
T*
(When I finally took a serious look at the case that has been marshalled \
against the official )Tj
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(account of the collapse of the WTC buildings, I found this case, especia\
lly with regard to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(WTC-7, to constitute one of the strongest arguments on behalf of the nee\
d for a new )Tj
T*
(investigation. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 751.30365 Tm
(34)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 747.46365 Tm
(See FEMA's Report #403, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(World Trade Center Building Performance Study )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(May, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2002; available at www.fema.gov/library/wtcstudy.shtm\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 713.76274 Tm
(35)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 709.92274 Tm
(Bill Manning, "Selling Out the Investigation," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Fire Engineering, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January, 2002, quoted )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The New York Daily News, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Jan. 4, 2002, and in Thompson, "Timeline," January 4, )Tj
T*
(2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 658.17967 Tm
(36)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 654.33966 Tm
(The NOVA show "Why the Towers Fell" appeared on PBS April 30, 2002 \(www\
.pbs.)Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(org/wgbh/nova/transcripts/2907_wtc.html\). Matthys Levy, author of )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Why Buildings Fall )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Down )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Norton, 1994\), said on this show: "As the steel began to so\
ften and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(melt, the interior core columns began to give " The idea that steel melt\
ed has also been )Tj
T*
(stated elsewhere, such as "The Physics of the 2001 World Trade Center )Tj
T*
(Terrorism" \(www.jupiterscientific.org/sciinfo/sot.html\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 548.55443 Tm
(37)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 544.71443 Tm
("The Collapse: An Engineers Perspective," NOVA interview with Thomas Eag\
ar )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(\(www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/wtc/collapse.html\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 511.01352 Tm
(38)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 507.17352 Tm
(Perhaps as an overreaction, some critics of the official account, in rej\
ecting what they )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(call the "truss theory," seem to affirm that the core and perimeter colu\
mns were )Tj
T*
(connected by full-fledged beams instead of thinner trusses. The history \
of the )Tj
T*
(construction of the Twin Towers, however, reveals that they were unique \
\(at the time\) in )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(this respect. For this history see James Glanz and Eric Lipton, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Rise and Fall of the )Tj
T*
(World Trade Center )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Times Books/Henry Holt & Company, 2003\). Glanz is )Tj
T*
(a science writer for the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 383.34613 Tm
(39)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 379.50612 Tm
(Scientific American, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October, 2001. The statements by both McNamara and FEMA are )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(quoted in Eric Hufschmid, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Painful Questions: An Analysis of the September 11th Attack )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(\(Goleta, Calif.: Endpoint Software, 2002\), 17. This beautifully self-p\
ublished book can )Tj
T*
(be purchased at PainfulQuestions@aol.com. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 309.72932 Tm
(40)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 305.88933 Tm
(In an article headed "Preliminary Tests Show Steel Quality Did Not Contr\
ibute to )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Towers' Collapse" \(Associated Press, August 27, 2003\), Devlin Barren q\
uoted Frank )Tj
T*
(Gayle, who is leading the review of the WTC collapses by the National In\
stitute of )Tj
T*
(Standards and Technology \(NIST\), as saying that all the steel tested a\
t least met the )Tj
T*
(requirement to bear 36,000 pounds per square inch and that it was often \
capable of )Tj
T*
(bearing as much as 42,000 pounds. )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Incidentally, as Glanz and Lipton explain \()Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Rise and Fall of the World Trade Center, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(333\), Sherwood Boehlert, the \(Republican\) Chair of the House Science \
Committee, got )Tj
T*
(the US Congress in October of 2002 to pass the National Construction Saf\
ety Team Act, )Tj
T*
(which authorized an investigation of the collapse of the WTC by NIST, wh\
ich is a )Tj
T*
(nonpolicy-making part of the US Commerce Department's Technology Adminis\
tration )Tj
T*
(\(its Fact Sheet on the WTC investigation can be seen at www.nist.gov/pu\
blic_afrairs/)Tj
T*
(factsheet/nist_investigation_911.htm\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 74.14626 Tm
(41)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 70.30624 Tm
(Thomas Eagar and Christopher Musso, "Why Did the World Trade Center Coll\
apse? )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Science, Engineering, and Speculation," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(JOM )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(53/12 \(2001\), 8-11. Musso was at the time )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(a Ph.D. student. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(JOM)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( is the journal of the Minerals, Metals, and Materials Society. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 787.26149 Tm
(42)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 783.42149 Tm
(Hufschmid \(see note 39\), 27-30. )Tj
12 0 0 12 236.255 787.26149 Tm
(43)Tj
15 0 0 15 248.255 783.42149 Tm
("The Collapse: An Engineer's Perspective." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 767.72058 Tm
(44)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 763.88058 Tm
(Ibid. This point is likewise emphasized in Hufschmid, 32-33, who also ma\
kes the next )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(point, about the length of time. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 730.17967 Tm
(45)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 726.33966 Tm
(See note 39, above. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 710.63875 Tm
(46)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 706.79875 Tm
(Hufschmid, 35. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 691.09784 Tm
(47)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 687.25784 Tm
(See Hufschmid, 39. Indeed, a third photograph, looking directly into the\
hole created )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(by the airplane, reveals two people standing in a room, far removed from\
any of the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(flames \(27\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 635.55693 Tm
(48)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 631.71692 Tm
(Technically, as Hufschmid points out \(30\), the South Tower had two or \
even three )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(fireballs. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 598.01601 Tm
(49)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 594.17601 Tm
(For a picture of the North Tower fireball, see Hufschmid, 30. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 578.4751 Tm
(50)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 574.6351 Tm
(In Hufschmid's words, "that jet fuel burned so rapidly that it was just \
a momentary )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(blast of hot air. The blast would have set fire to flammable objects, ki\
lled people, and )Tj
T*
(broken windows, but it could not have raised the temperature of a massiv\
e steel structure )Tj
T*
(by a significant amount. A fire will not affect steel unless the steel i\
s exposed to it for a )Tj
T*
(long...period of time" \(33\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 486.93419 Tm
(51)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 483.09419 Tm
(Hufschmid, 38. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 467.39328 Tm
(52)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 463.55327 Tm
(With regard to the fire in the South Tower in particular, Hufschmid asks\
, rhetorically: )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
("How could a fire produce such incredible quantities of heat that it cou\
ld destroy a steel )Tj
T*
(building, while at the same time it is incapable of spreading beyond its\
initial starting )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(location? The photos show that )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not even one floor )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(in the South Tower was above the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ignition temperature of plastic and paper! ...The photos show the fire w\
as not even )Tj
T*
(powerful enough to crack glass [windows]!...Why is there no evidence of \
an intense fire )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(any )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(photograph? How can anybody claim the fires were the reason the South To\
wer )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(collapsed when the fires appear so small?" \(38\) )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 321.76804 Tm
(53)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 317.92804 Tm
(Quoted in Hufschmid, 38. Evidence against the fire theory is even presen\
ted in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Appendix A of FEMA's report on the WTC, which says: "In the mid-1990s Br\
itish Steel )Tj
T*
(and the Building Research Establishment performed a series of six experi\
ments at )Tj
T*
(Cardington to investigate the behavior of steel frame buildings.... Desp\
ite the temperature )Tj
T*
(of the steel beams reaching 800-900\260 C \(1,500-1,700\260 F\) in three\
of the tests..., no )Tj
T*
(collapse was observed in any of the six experiments." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 212.22713 Tm
(54)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 208.38713 Tm
(Eagar and Musso; Eagar, "The Collapse." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 192.68622 Tm
(55)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 188.84621 Tm
("The Collapse." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 173.14529 Tm
(56)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 169.3053 Tm
(Eagar and Musso. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 153.60439 Tm
(57)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 149.76439 Tm
(Quoted in Hufschmid, 42-43. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 134.06348 Tm
(58)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 130.22348 Tm
(Hufschmid, 42. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 114.52257 Tm
(59)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 110.68256 Tm
(This objection is raised, in slighdy different form, in Peter Meyer, "Th\
e World Trade )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Center Demolition and the So-Called War on Terrorism" \()Tj
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15 0 0 15 376.61 92.68256 Tm
(www.serendipity.li/wtc.html)Tj
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(\), )Tj
-23.349 -1.33333 Td
(section entitled "Evidence for Explosives in the Twin Towers." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 56.98164 Tm
(60)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 53.14165 Tm
(Hufschmid, 73. )Tj
ET
EMC
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15 0 0 15 38.375 801.46365 Tm
(Eagar and Musso. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 785.76274 Tm
(62)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 781.92274 Tm
(Meyer, "The World Trade Center Demolition," section entitled "Evidence f\
or )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Explosives in the Twin Towers." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 748.22183 Tm
(63)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 744.38182 Tm
(This point is emphasized in Fintan Dunne, "The Split-Second Error: Expos\
ing the )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(WTC Bomb Plot" \(www.psyopnews.com or www.serendipity.li\), section enti\
tled "The )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Wrong Tower Fell First." Some defenders of the official account have sug\
gested that the )Tj
T*
(fact that the South Tower collapsed more quickly could be explained by t\
he fact that it )Tj
T*
(was struck at the 81st floor and hence about 15 floors lower than the No\
rth Tower, which )Tj
T*
(was struck at the 96th floor. Because there were more floors above the w\
eakened portion )Tj
T*
(of the South Tower, accordingly, the additional weight would have led to\
its faster )Tj
T*
(collapse. The problem with this theory, Hufschmid says, is that "the ste\
el columns in the )Tj
T*
(crash zone of the South Tower were thicker in order to handle the heavie\
r load above )Tj
T*
(them" \(41\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 566.68091 Tm
(64)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 562.84091 Tm
(Meyer, "The World Trade Center Demolition and the So-Called War on Terro\
rism," )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(section entided "Evidence for Explosives in the Twin Towers." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 529.14 Tm
(65)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 525.3 Tm
(Ibid., section entided "Did the Twin Towers Collapse on Demand?" )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 509.59909 Tm
(66)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 505.75909 Tm
(Hufschmid, 45. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 490.05817 Tm
(67)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 486.21817 Tm
(Jeff King, "The WTC Collapse: What the Videos Show," Indymedia Webcast N\
ews, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Nov. 12, 2003 \()Tj
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(http://ontario.indymedia.org/display.php3?)Tj
ET
26.375 446.05817 m
229.08501 446.05817 l
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 448.21817 Tm
(artide_id=73428cgroup=webcast\))Tj
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(. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 430.51726 Tm
(68)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 426.67726 Tm
(Hufschmid, 50, 80. On the amount of the dust, see www.public-action.com/\
91 l/jmcm/)Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(usyd/index.htm#why. Mike Pecoraro, quoted in note 74, below, wrote about\
his )Tj
T*
(experience of walking down the street: "When 1 tell you the stuff \(dust\
\) on the street was )Tj
T*
(a foot deep, that's conservative. I'd say over a foot deep. It was like \
walking through a )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(blizzard of snow" \(quoted in "We will Not Forget: A Day of Terror,")Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Chief Engineer )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(www.chiefengineer.org/article.cfm?seqnuml=1029\). )Tj
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(69)Tj
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(King, "The WTC Collapse." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 301.39328 Tm
(70)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 297.55327 Tm
(Hufschmid, 78. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 281.85236 Tm
(71)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 278.01236 Tm
(See especially the photographs on 52-55, 57, 60, and 74. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 262.31145 Tm
(72)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 258.47145 Tm
(See especially the photographs on 60 and 61. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 242.77054 Tm
(73)Tj
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(Hufschmid, 50. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 223.22961 Tm
(74)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 219.38962 Tm
(One of the firelighters in the South Tower, Louie Cacchioli, told )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(People Weekly )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(on )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Sept. 24: "I was taking firefighters up in the elevator to the 24th floo\
r to get in position to )Tj
T*
(evacuate workers. On the last trip up a bomb went off. We think there we\
re bombs set in )Tj
T*
(the building." Kim White, an employee on the 80th floor, said: "All of a\
sudden the )Tj
T*
(building shook, then it started to sway. We didn't know what was going o\
n.... We got )Tj
T*
(down as far as the 74th floor.... [T]hen there was another explosion" \(\
)Tj
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(http://people.aol.)Tj
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/TT0 1 Tf
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(corn/people/special/0,11859,174592-3.00.html;)Tj
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( quoted in Meyer's section "Evidence for )Tj
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(Explosives in the Twin Towers"\). Construction worker Phillip Morelli re\
ported that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(while he was in the fourth subbasement of the North Tower, he was thrown\
to the floor )Tj
T*
(twice. Whereas the first of these experiences apparently occurred at the\
time of the plane )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(com/pages/RRR/911special_survivors.html\))Tj
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(. Stationary engineer Mike Pecoraro, who )Tj
0 -1.33333 TD
(was working in the sixth subbasement of the North Tower, reported that a\
fter feeling and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(hearing an explosion, he and his co-worker found the parking garage and \
the machine )Tj
T*
(shop, including a 50-ton hydraulic press, reduced to rubble. They also f\
ound a 300-pound )Tj
T*
(steel and concrete fire door wrinkled up "like a piece of aluminum foil.\
" These effects )Tj
T*
(were, he said, like the effects of the terrorist bombing of 1993 \("We w\
ill Not Forget: A )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Day of Terror," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Chief Engineer )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(www.chiefengineer.org/article.cfm?seqnuml=1029\). )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(These latter two stories are contained in "First-hand Accounts of Underg\
round )Tj
T*
(Explosions in the North Tower" \(www.plaguepuppy.net/public_html/undergr\
ound/)Tj
T*
(underground_explosions.htm\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 603.26149 Tm
(75)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 599.42149 Tm
(Hufschmid, 73; Christopher Bollyn, "New Seismic Data Refutes Official WT\
C )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Explanation," American Free Press, September 3, 2002 www.rense.com/gener\
al28/ioff.)Tj
T*
(htm Columbia University's data can be seen at www.ldeo.columbia.edu/LCSN\
/)Tj
T*
(Eq/2001091 l_wtc.html; it is partially reproduced in Hufschmid, 73 and 7\
8. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 529.72058 Tm
(76)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 525.88058 Tm
(Hufschmid, 73, 77. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 510.17967 Tm
(77)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 506.33966 Tm
(Likewise Peter Tully, president of Tully Construction of Flushing, repor\
tedly said that )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(he saw pools of "literally molten steel." Both statements are quoted in \
Bollyn, "New )Tj
T*
(Seismic Data Refutes Official WTC Explanation." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 454.63875 Tm
(78)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 450.79875 Tm
(See Hufschmid, 70, 78, 80. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 435.09784 Tm
(79)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 431.25784 Tm
(The New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Dec. 25, 2001, and)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
( Fire Engineering, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 2002, quoted in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Thompson, December 25, 2001, and January 4, 2002, respectively. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 397.55693 Tm
(80)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 393.71692 Tm
(The official investigators found that they had less authority than the c\
lean-up crew, a )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(fact that led the Science Committee of the House of Representatives to r\
eport that "the )Tj
T*
(lack of authority of investigators to impound pieces of steel for examin\
ation before they )Tj
T*
(were recycled led to the loss of important pieces of evidence" \(sec the\
report at www.)Tj
T*
(house.gov/science/hot/wtc/wtc-report/WTC_ch5.pdf\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 306.01601 Tm
(81)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 302.17601 Tm
(Meyer, "The World Trade Center Demolition and the So-CalJed War on Terro\
rism," )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(section en tided "Evidence for Explosives in the Twin Towers." However, \
as James )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Glanz has reported \("Reliving 9/11, With Fire as Teacher," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Science )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Section, January 6, 2004\), it turns out that 236 major pieces of steel \
were recovered by )Tj
T*
(NIST \(see note 40, above\). Whether any of these pieces show signs of e\
xplosives is )Tj
T*
(presumably something that we will learn near the end of 2004, when NIST'\
s report is )Tj
T*
(due. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 178.43294 Tm
(82)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 174.59294 Tm
(Those who accept this theory of controlled demolition are made additiona\
lly suspicious )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(by the report that Marvin P. Bush, the president's younger brother, was \
a principal in a )Tj
T*
(company called Securacom, which provided security for the World Trade Ce\
nter \(as well )Tj
T*
(as United Airlines\), especially when this news is combined with testimo\
ny from WTC )Tj
T*
(personnel that after the security detail had worked 12-hour shifts for t\
he previous two )Tj
T*
(weeks because of threats, five days before 9/11 the security alert, whic\
h had mandated )Tj
T*
(the use of bomb-sniffing dogs, was lifted \(The World Trade Center Demol\
ition: An )Tj
T*
(Analysis" [)Tj
ET
93.74001 46.43294 m
357.44 46.43294 l
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(www.whatreallyhappened.com/shake2.html)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(]\). )Tj
ET
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(83)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 801.46365 Tm
(FEMA's report on WTC-7 is found in Chapter 5 of FEMA's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(World Trade Center )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Building Performance Study. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(For a copy of this report with critical commentary )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(interspersed, see "The FEMA Report on the Collapse of WTC Seven is a Cru\
el )Tj
T*
(Joke" \()Tj
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(http://ontario.indymedia.org/display.php3?article_id=147278)Tj
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(&group=webcast\). )Tj
-2.82401 -1.33333 Td
(The same article is published elsewhere as "Chapter 5-WTC Seven-the WTC \
)Tj
T*
(Report" \()Tj
ET
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(http://guardian.911review.org/WTC/WTC_ch5.htm)Tj
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(\). )Tj
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(84)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 687.88058 Tm
(See the report at www.house.gov/science/hot/wtc/wtc-report/WTC_ch5.pdf )Tj
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(85)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 668.33966 Tm
(Hufschmid, 62, 63. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 652.63875 Tm
(86)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 648.79875 Tm
(See Hufschmid, 68-69. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 633.09784 Tm
(87)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 629.25784 Tm
(Some people, to be sure, have spread the idea that tremors created by th\
e collapse of )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(the Twin Towers caused Building 7 to collapse. But even the most powerfu\
l earthquakes )Tj
T*
(have not caused the complete collapse of steel-framed buildings. And how\
would one )Tj
T*
(explain the fact that the Verizon, Federal, and Fiterman Hall Buildings,\
all right next to )Tj
T*
(WTC-7, did not collapse? )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 541.55693 Tm
(88)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 537.71692 Tm
(Scott Loughrey, "WTC-7: The Improbable Collapse" \()Tj
ET
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(http://globalresearch.ca/articles/)Tj
ET
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(LOU308A.html\))Tj
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(. )Tj
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(89)Tj
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(Hufschmid, 64. )Tj
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(90)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 476.6351 Tm
(Hufschmid, 64, 65. )Tj
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(91)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 457.09419 Tm
(Hufschmid, 70, 78. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 441.39328 Tm
(92)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 437.55327 Tm
(Bollyn, "New Seismic Data Refutes Official WTC Explanation." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 421.85236 Tm
(93)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 418.01236 Tm
(FEMA, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(World Trade Center Building Performance Study,)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Ch. 5, Sect. 6.2, "Probable )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Collapse Sequence." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 384.31145 Tm
(94)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 380.47145 Tm
(NOVA, "Why the Towers Fell." )Tj
ET
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19.38461 0 0 19.38461 225.35046 304.48177 Tm
(CHAPTER TWO)Tj
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(FLIGHT 77: WAS IT REALLY THE AIRCRAFT THAT STRUCK THE PENTAGON?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 230.40991 Tm
(AA Flight 77 left Dulles airport in Washington, DC, at 8:20. At 8:46, it\
went )Tj
T*
(significantly off course for several minutes, but reportedly no fighter \
jets were )Tj
T*
(scrambled. At 8:50, the plane got back on course, but radio contact was \
lost, and at 8:56 )Tj
T*
(the planes transponder went off and the plane disappeared from the air t\
raffic controllers )Tj
T*
(radar screen in Indianapolis. But no jet fighters were scrambled to find\
it. At 9:09, this air )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(traffic controller warned that the plane may have crashed in Ohio.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(1 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(USA Today, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-26.354 -1.33333 Td
(furthermore, later printed a story with this statement: "Another plane d\
isappears from )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(radar and might have crashed in Kentucky. The reports are so serious tha\
t [FAA head )Tj
T*
(Jane] Garvey notifies the White House that there has been another crash.\
")Tj
ET
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477.5 82.20775 l
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(2 In any case, )Tj
-29.511 -1.33333 Td
(Flight 77 is not heard from again\227or at least, according to the offic\
ial account, not until )Tj
T*
(9:25. )Tj
ET
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(At 9:25, which was 29 minutes after Flight 77 disappeared, air controlle\
rs at Dulles )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Airport reported seeing a fast-moving plane, which, they warned, appeare\
d to be heading )Tj
T*
(toward the White House.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(3 At 9:27, Vice President Cheney and National Security )Tj
-9.998 -1.33333 Td
(Advisor Condoleeza Rice were reportedly told, while in the bunker below \
the White )Tj
T*
(House, that an airplane, being tracked by radar, was 50 miles outside Wa\
shington and )Tj
T*
(headed toward it.)Tj
ET
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(4 Beginning at 9:33, radar data reportedly showed the aircraft crossing \
)Tj
-6.91499 -1.33333 Td
(the Capitol Beltway and heading toward the Pentagon, which it flew over \
at 9:35.)Tj
ET
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(5 )Tj
-32.63499 -1.33333 Td
(Then, starting from about 7,000 feet above the ground, the aircraft made\
a difficult )Tj
T*
("downward spiral, turning almost a complete circle and dropping the last\
7,000 feet in )Tj
T*
(two-and-a-half minutes.")Tj
ET
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(6 At this time, Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld, according to )Tj
-10.017 -1.33333 Td
(the official account, had not been informed of the approaching aircraft \
and was still with )Tj
T*
(Representative Cox. While they together watched the television coverage \
of the WTC, )Tj
T*
(Rumsfeld reportedly demonstrated his predictive powers again, saving: "B\
elieve me, this )Tj
T*
(isn't over yet. There's going to be another attack, and it could be us."\
Moments later, at )Tj
T*
(about 9:38, the Pentagon was hit.)Tj
ET
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(7 As a result of the crash and the ensuing fire, 125 )Tj
-13.30499 -1.33333 Td
(workers in the Pentagon, primarily civilians, were killed. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Although later that day the aircraft that struck the Pentagon was said t\
o be Flight 77, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(which was a Boeing 757, this equation was evidently not immediately obvi\
ous. Danielle )Tj
T*
(O'Brien, one of the air traffic controllers at Dulles who reported seein\
g the aircraft at )Tj
T*
(9:25, said: "The speed, the maneuverability, the way that he turned, we \
all thought in the )Tj
T*
(radar room, all of us experienced air traffic controllers, that that was\
a military plane.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(8 )Tj
-34.483 -1.33333 Td
(Another witness, seeing the plane from a 14th floor apartment in Pentago\
n City, said that )Tj
T*
(it "seemed to be able to hold eight or twelve persons" and "made a shril\
l noise like a )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(fighter plane.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(9 Lon Rains, editor at )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Space News, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(said: "I was convinced it was a )Tj
-5.74001 -1.33333 Td
(missile. It came in so fast it sounded nothing like an airplane.")Tj
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(10 Still another witness, )Tj
-24.93401 -1.33333 Td
(who saw it from his automobile, was reported as saying that it "was like\
a cruise missile )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with wings.")Tj
ET
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(11 The official account, however, would be that it was a much bigger )Tj
-5.075 -1.33333 Td
(aircraft, a Boeing 757\227indeed, Flight 77 itself. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(On that day, that connection was, however, only gradually made. At 10:32\
, ABC News )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(reported that Flight 77 had been hijacked, but there was no suggestion t\
hat it had returned )Tj
T*
(to Washington and hit the Pentagon. Indeed, Fox TV shortly thereafter sa\
id that the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon had been hit by a US Air Force flight.)Tj
ET
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(12 Only sometime in the afternoon did )Tj
-19.10899 -1.33333 Td
(it become generally accepted that the aircraft that hit the Pentagon was\
Flight 77. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Some critics of the official account reject this identification. The chi\
ef critic of the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(official account of the strike on the Pentagon is the aforementioned Fre\
nch researcher )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Thierry Meyssan, president of the Voltaire Network, which the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(in April of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(2002 described as a respected independent think tank whose left-leaning \
research )Tj
T*
(projects have until now been considered models of reasonableness and obj\
ectivity.")Tj
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(13 )Tj
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(Officials at the Pentagon have, to be sure, denounced Meyssan's theory. \
At a Department )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of Defense news briefing on June 25, 2002, spokesperson Victoria Clarke,\
when asked )Tj
T*
(about Meyssan's theory, said: "There is no question, there is no doubt w\
hat happened that )Tj
T*
(day. And I think it's appaling that anyone might try to put out that kin\
d of myth. I think )Tj
T*
(it's alsoappalling for anyone to continue to give those sorts of people \
any kind of )Tj
T*
(publicity.")Tj
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(14 It is understandable, whatever the truth of the matter is, that the P\
entagon )Tj
-4.214 -1.33333 Td
(would want to discourage reporters and other people from examining Meyss\
ans theory )Tj
T*
(by calling it "appalling." Meyssan himself uses the same term for the of\
ficial theory, )Tj
T*
(calling it "the appalling fraud.")Tj
ET
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(15 )Tj
-12.39799 -2.60001 Td
(But, of course, name-calling by either side of the issue should not be a\
llowed to settle )Tj
T*
(anything. The question should be which of the competing theories is best\
supported by )Tj
T*
(evidence. And Meyssans arguments, combined with those of other critics, \
do provide )Tj
T*
(many reasons for concluding that it was not Flight 77 that hit the Penta\
gon. I will discuss )Tj
T*
(five such reasons, then point out some further difficulties for the offi\
cial theory about the )Tj
T*
(strike on the Pentagon. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Were the Sources for the Identification Credible?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Meyssan, in addition to noting that the identification between AA Flight\
77 and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(aircraft that struck the Pentagon was made only gradually, argues that t\
he original )Tj
T*
(sources for this identification are dubious. In particular, he suggests,\
all but one of the )Tj
T*
(statements on which this identification was based came from military per\
sonnel.)Tj
ET
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(16 The )Tj
-32.13499 -1.33333 Td
(first move toward the identification was made by a statement on the webs\
ite of the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon announcing that it had been hit by a "commercial airliner, poss\
ibly )Tj
T*
(hijacked.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(17 Then that afternoon the story that this airliner was Flight 77 spread\
quickly )Tj
-4.04601 -1.33614 Td
(through the media. The source of this story, the )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Los Angeles Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(reported, was some )Tj
T*
(military officials speaking on condition of anonymity.)Tj
ET
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(18 The media also started )Tj
-21.638 -1.33333 Td
(reporting that Flight 77, just before it disappeared from view, had made\
a U-turn and )Tj
T*
(headed back toward Washington." But, argues Meyssan, since the civilian \
air controllers )Tj
T*
(were, according to the official account, no longer receiving information\
from either radar )Tj
T*
(or the transponder, this "information must also have come from military \
sources.)Tj
ET
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(20 )Tj
-32.321 -2.60001 Td
(The one other statement used to connect Flight 77 with the strike on the\
Pentagon was )Tj
T*
(made by Theodore \("Ted"\) Olson, the US Justice Department's Solicitor \
General. He said )Tj
T*
(that his wife, Barbara Olson\227 the well-known author and television co\
mmentator\227had )Tj
T*
(made two phone calls to him from Flight 77 at about 9:25 and 9:30. These\
conversations, )Tj
T*
(as reported, said nothing about where the plane was or in what direction\
it was headed, )Tj
T*
(but they did indicate that Flight 77 had not already crashed or exploded\
but had been )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(hijacked. Flight 77, therefore at least )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(might )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(have been die aircraft that hit the Pentagon. )Tj
ET
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(Skeptics about this identification suggest that there arc at least four \
reasons to doubt Ted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Olson's testimony. First, he is very close to the Bush administration. B\
esides having )Tj
T*
(pleaded George W. Bush's cause before the Supreme Court in the 2000 elec\
tion dispute, )Tj
T*
(he more recently has defended Vice President Cheney's attempt to prevent\
the release of )Tj
T*
(papers from his energy task force to the committee investigating the Enr\
on scandal. )Tj
T*
(Second, Olson has stated that there are many situations in which "govern\
ment officials )Tj
T*
(might quite legitimatetly have reasons to give false information out.")Tj
ET
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(21 Third, Olsons )Tj
-27.573 -1.33333 Td
(reports about the conversations with his wife are both vague and selfcon\
tradictory.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(22 )Tj
-33.049 -1.33333 Td
(Fourth, on the other flights, telephone calls were reportedly made by se\
veral passengers )Tj
T*
(and flight attendants, but Ted Olson is the only person who reported rec\
eiving a call from )Tj
T*
(Flight 77. This latter fact is especially strange in light of a later re\
port that at about 9:30 )Tj
T*
(the hijackers told the passengers that they were all going to die and so\
should call their )Tj
T*
(families. Thompson asks: "Given this announcement, why are there no phon\
e calls from )Tj
T*
(this flight except for Barbara Olson's?")Tj
ET
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269.03 562.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(23 Thompson's question, in other words, is )Tj
-15.61301 -1.33333 Td
(whether there really was a call from her. This question could presumably\
be answered by )Tj
T*
(subpoenaing the telephone records of her cell phone company, American Ai\
rlines, and )Tj
T*
(the Justice Department. Any of the alternative scenarios consistent with\
this question )Tj
T*
(would need to explain, of course, what became of Barbara Olson, and also\
whether it is )Tj
T*
(plausible that Ted Olson would have participated in a plan with that out\
come. This issue )Tj
T*
(is one of the problems mentioned in Chapter 9 that would face any compli\
city theory )Tj
T*
(about "what really happened." )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Physical Evidence That the Pentagon Was Not Hit by a Boeing 757)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In addition to the argument that all the information originally connecti\
ng Flight 77 with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the aircraft that struck the Pentagon evidently came from dubious source\
s, a second )Tj
T*
(argument, provided by Meyssan, consists of physical evidence that the Pe\
ntagon was not )Tj
T*
(hit by a Boeing 757, which is what AA Flight 77 was. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Most important is the evidence provided by photographs that were taken i\
mmediately )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(after the crash. One crucial photo was taken by Tom Horan of the Associa\
ted Press just )Tj
T*
(after the firetrucks had arrived but before the firemen had been deploye\
d. \(This photo is )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(reproduced in Meyssans )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Pentagate )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(and on the cover of his )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(and is also )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(available on the Internet.)Tj
ET
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183.965 197.75246 l
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(>)Tj
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(24\) When this photograph was taken, the west wing's facade )Tj
-9.942 -1.33333 Td
(had not collapsed. Another photo taken at this time shows that the hole \
in the facade was )Tj
T*
(between 15 and 18 feet in diameter, contradicting a newspaper report tha\
t it was "five )Tj
T*
(stories high and 200 feet wide.")Tj
ET
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225.095 141.75246 l
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(>)Tj
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(25 This photo also shows no damage above the hole or )Tj
-12.68401 -1.33333 Td
(on either side of it. And neither photo shows any sign of an airplane\227\
no fuselage, no )Tj
T*
(tail, no wings, no engines )Tj
ET
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(26\227or any evidence that the lawn had been scraped.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(27 )Tj
-32.16901 -1.33333 Td
(Whatever struck the Pentagon made a clean hit from the air and went comp\
letely inside. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Just how far the aircraft went into the Pentagon is shown by a photograp\
h that was taken )Tj
ET
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Q
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(later and published by the Pentagon \(and on the cover of Meyssans )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate\). )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(This )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(photo shows that the inside wall of the third of the Pentagons five ring\
s, known as the C-)Tj
T*
(ring, was penetrated, resulting in a hole about seven feet in diameter. \
This means that the )Tj
T*
(aircraft had the power to penetrate six reinforced walls. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This photographic evidence creates enormous problems for the official ac\
count, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(according to which the damage was caused by an aircraft as large as a Bo\
eing 757. The )Tj
T*
(most obvious problem is that since the aircraft penetrated only the firs\
t three rings of the )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Pentagon, only the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(nose )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(of a Boeing 757 would have gone inside. \(This can be seen in a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(picture, provided by Meyssan, in which the outline of a Boeing 757 is su\
perimposed )Tj
T*
(upon an aerial photograph, provided by the Department of Defense, of the\
Pentagons )Tj
T*
(west wing.)Tj
ET
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(28\) The rest of the airplane would have remained outside. As Meyssan )Tj
-4.33299 -1.33333 Td
(comments: "We should thus be able to see the wings and the fuselage outs\
ide, and on the )Tj
T*
(lawn in fact." In response, one might suggest that perhaps the plane bur\
ned up before any )Tj
T*
(photographs could be taken. But, Meyssan says: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(While the planes nose is made of carbon and the wings, containing the fu\
el, )Tj
T*
(can burn, the Boeings fuselage is aluminum and the jet engines are built\
out )Tj
T*
(of steel. At the end of the fire, it would necessarily have left a burnt\
-out )Tj
T*
(wreck.)Tj
ET
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-5.35966 -1.75 Td
(But not the slightest sign of a burnt-out wreck is shown in the photogra\
ph taken by Tom )Tj
T*
(Horan or any of the other photographs. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(The official story, to be sure, takes account of this problem by saying \
that not simply the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(nose but the entire airplane went inside the Pentagon. This is why it do\
es not appear in )Tj
T*
(the photographs. )Tj
ET
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(30 Other features of the photographic evidence, however, create )Tj
-6.916 -1.33333 Td
(isuperable difficulties for this theory. One of these features is the fa\
ct that the orifice )Tj
T*
(created by the impact, as mentioned above, was at most 18 feet in diamet\
er. Is it not )Tj
T*
(absurd to suggest that a Boeing 757 created and then disappeared into su\
ch a small hole? )Tj
T*
(As Meyssan points out, the hole was bis enough for the passenger cabin, \
which is less )Tj
T*
(than twelve feet in width. But the plane's wings give it a breadth of 12\
5 feet. Can anyone )Tj
T*
(seriously believe that a 125-foot-wide airplane created and then went in\
side a hole less )Tj
T*
(than 20-feet wide? )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Evidently so. Some defenders of the official account claim that the wing\
s, upon hitting )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the strongly reinforced facade of the west wing, would have folded back,\
allowing the )Tj
T*
(entire plane to disappear within the building. According to one such def\
ense: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(As the front of the Boeing 757 hit the Pentagon, the outer portions of t\
he )Tj
T*
(wings likely snapped during the initial impact, then were pushed inward \
)Tj
T*
(towards the fuselage and carried into the buildings interior; the inner \
)Tj
T*
(portions of the wings probably penetrated the Pentagon walls with the re\
st )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(of the plane. Any sizable portions of the wings were destroyed in the )Tj
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(explosion or the subsequent fire. )Tj
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(One problem with this explanation, of course, is that after the plane's \
forward morion was )Tj
T*
(suddenly reduced when the nose hit the Pentagon, the wings would not hav\
e folded back )Tj
T*
(Unless the laws of kinetic energy were momentarily suspended, Meyssan po\
ints out, "the )Tj
T*
(wings would have been propelled forwards rather than backwards." )Tj
ET
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(32 )Tj
-27.23399 -2.60001 Td
(On a Boeing 757, furthermore, the jet engines, made of steel, are attach\
ed to the wings, )Tj
T*
(so the wings would have hit the facade with great force. And yet prior t\
o the facade's )Tj
T*
(collapse, as we have seen, the photosreveal no visible damage to the fac\
ade on either side )Tj
T*
(of the orifice, even where the engines would have hit the building. And \
if that problem is )Tj
T*
(not considered decisive enough, the fact that the photographs clearly sh\
ow that the facade )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(above)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( the opening is completely intact and even unmarked - creates a still mo\
re )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(insuperable problem, given Boeing 757's big tail. As Meyssan says, when \
its tail is taken )Tj
T*
(into account, the Boeing is about 40 feet high. So, unless one is going \
to claim chat the )Tj
T*
(tail obligingly ducked before entering, the fact that the facade above t\
he opening is )Tj
T*
(completely intact proves that it was not a Boeing 757 that went inside t\
he Pentagon's )Tj
T*
(west wing. For support, Meyssan quotes French accident investigator Fran\
cois Grangier, )Tj
T*
(who said: "What is certain when one looks at the photo of this facade th\
at remains intact )Tj
T*
(is that it's obvious the plane did not go through there." )Tj
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(33 )Tj
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(The more general problem is that whatever did hit the Pentagon simply di\
d not cause )Tj
T*
(nearly enough destruction for the official story to be true. A Boeing 75\
7, besides being so )Tj
T*
(tall and having such a wide wingspan, weighs over 100 tons. Traveling at\
a speed of 250 )Tj
T*
(to 440 miles per hour, it would have caused tremendous devastation. And \
yet, as a )Tj
T*
(photograph supplied by the Department of Defense itself shows, "the plan\
e only )Tj
T*
(destroyed the first ring of the building." )Tj
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(34 The second and third rings were merely )Tj
-16.129 -1.33333 Td
(penetrated by an aircraft small enough to create a hole only seven feet \
in diameter. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Furthermore, if the aircraft that hit the Pentagon did too little to hav\
e been a Boeing 757, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(this last-mentioned fact, about the hole in the inside wall of the C-rin\
g, shows that it also )Tj
T*
(did too much. That is, Meyssan points out, the nose of a Boeing, which c\
ontains the )Tj
T*
(electronic navigation system, is made of carbon fibers rather than metal\
. Being )Tj
T*
("extremely fragile,'' such a nose could not have gone through three ring\
s of the Pentagon, )Tj
T*
(creating a seven-foot exit hole in the inside wall of the third ring. Th\
e Boeing's nose )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(would have been "crushed rather than piercing through." What )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(could )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(create such a hole is )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the head of a missile. )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Certain missiles are specially conceived to have a piercing effect. Thes\
e )Tj
T*
(missiles are weighted with depleted uranium, an extremely dense metal th\
at )Tj
T*
(heats with slightest friction and renders piercing easier. These missile\
s are )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(notably used to pierce bunkers. An airplane crashes and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(smashes. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(A missile )Tj
ET
EMC
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(And this is what the photographs show \227 that the Pentagon was pierced\
rather than )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(smashed. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(The notion that the Pentagon was hit by a missile rather than an airplan\
e is supported by )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(still another feature of the photographic evidence \227 the kind of fire\
it documented. )Tj
T*
(Photos of hydrocarbon fires, such as the fires produced in the Twin Towe\
rs by the )Tj
T*
(burning of the jet fuel, show yellow flames mixed with black smoke. But \
photographs of )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(the Pentagon fire show a )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(red)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( flame, indicating the kind of fire produced by the type of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(missile described above \227 a much hotter and more instantaneous fire. \
)Tj
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(36 Suggesting )Tj
-28.384 -1.33333 Td
(that the Pentagon was hit by "one of the latest generation of AGM-type m\
issiles, armed )Tj
T*
(with a hollow charge and a depleted uranium BLU tip," Meyssan says that \
a missile of )Tj
T*
(this type can cause "an instantaneous fire, giving off heatin excess of \
3,600\260 Fahrenheit." )Tj
T*
(And that corresponds with the fire started in the Pentagon: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(In traversing the Pentagon's first ring, the aircraft started a fire, as\
gigantic )Tj
T*
(as it was sudden. Immense flames issued from the building, licking at th\
e )Tj
T*
(facades. They withdrew just as quickly, leaving behind them a cloud of )Tj
T*
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(The photographic evidence, in sum, provides several reasons to conclude \
that the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon was not hit by a Boeing passenger plane but was instead hit by \
a military )Tj
T*
(missile. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This conclusion from the photographic evidence is given additional suppo\
rt by the fact )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that the aircraft that headed toward the Pentagon was not shot down by o\
n-site missiles. )Tj
T*
(Although some news reports have said that the Pentagon, unlike the "Whit\
e House, has )Tj
T*
(no such missiles, the Pentagon is in fact, Meyssan points out, protected\
by "[f]ive )Tj
T*
(extremely sophisticated antimissile batteries." )Tj
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(38 And, although Pentagon officials )Tj
-18.601 -1.33333 Td
(claim that they had no idea that an aircraft was coming their way, an un\
identified aircraft )Tj
T*
(was, as we saw earlier, reported at 9:25 to be speeding in that directio\
n. Meyssan says: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Contrary to the Pentagons claims, the military thus knew perfectly well \
that )Tj
T*
(an unidentified vehicle was headed straight for the capitol. Yet the mil\
itary )Tj
T*
(did not react and the Pentagons anti-missile batteries did not function.\
)Tj
T*
(Why? The close-range anti-aircraft defenses at the Pentagon are conceive\
d )Tj
T*
(to destroy missiles that attempt to approach. A missile should normally \
be )Tj
T*
(unable to pass. As for a big Boeing 757-200, it would have strictly no )Tj
T*
(chance. Whether an airliner or a missile, an explanation needs to be fou\
nd.)Tj
-2.66667 -1.61667 Td
(Meyssan then suggests a hypothesis that could account for this anomaly: \
)Tj
T*
(Each military aircraft in fact possesses a transponder which...permit[s]\
it to declare itself )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(in the eyes of its possessor as )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(friendly )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(or )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(hostile.. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(An antimissile battery will not...react to )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(the passage of a friendly missile. It is not impossible that was what ha\
ppened at the )Tj
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(Pentagon on 11 September 2001. )Tj
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(Meyssan's hypothesis could also answer a question raised by reports that\
when the )Tj
T*
(aircraft was making its circular approach to the Pentagon, it came very \
near to the White )Tj
T*
(House \227 namely, why the White House's missile system did not shoot it\
down. )Tj
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(40 )Tj
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(In light of these considerations, the very fact that the aircraft that h\
it the Pentagon was )Tj
T*
(not shot down by the Pentagons \(and the White House's\) missiles can be\
considered )Tj
T*
(physical evidence against the claim that it was a passenger plane. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Further physical evidence is provided by the simple fact that there were\
evidently no )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(remains of a Boeing 757 at the crash site. As we have seen, the explanat\
ion why no such )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(remains were visible in the photographs is that the entire plane went )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(inside )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(the Pentagon. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(If that is what happened \(ignoring now the question of whether it is ev\
en remotely )Tj
T*
(plausible\), there should have been a burnt-out wreck, or at least some \
identifiable )Tj
T*
(remnants of the plane, found inside the Pentagon after the fire was put \
out. But that was )Tj
T*
(evidently not the case. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(At a Pentagon briefing on the day after 9/11, Ed Plaugher, the county fi\
re chief who was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(in charge of putting out the fire in the Pentagon, was asked whether any\
thing was left of )Tj
T*
(the airplane. He said that there were "some small pieces...but not large\
sections.... [T])Tj
T*
(here's no fuselage sections and that sort of thing." )Tj
ET
327.64999 415.8024 m
336.11 415.8024 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 327.64999 417.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(41 According to Plaugher's )Tj
-20.08501 -1.33333 Td
(eyewitness testimony the day after the fire, therefore, there was no fus\
elage or any other )Tj
T*
(large pieces, such as jet engines. His testimony was, furthermore, impli\
cidy confirmed by )Tj
T*
(the Department of Defense insofar as the only parts of Flight 77 that it\
announced )Tj
T*
(finding, other than unidentifiable fragments \(which, as Meyssan points \
out, "could have )Tj
T*
(been from something quite different"\), were a beacon and the two black \
boxes. The black )Tj
T*
(boxes were said, furthermore, to have been found at a time \227 4:00 AM \
\227 that makes )Tj
T*
(critics of the official story suspicious. )Tj
ET
255.935 287.8024 m
264.395 287.8024 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 255.935 289.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(42 Plaugher's testimony was further confirmed at )Tj
-15.304 -1.33333 Td
(a Pentagon press conference on September 15. When Terry Mitchell was ask\
ed about )Tj
T*
(evidence of the plane, he said that one could see only "small pieces." L\
ee Evey, head of )Tj
T*
(the renovation project, said that the evidence of the aircraft is "not v\
ery visible.... None )Tj
T*
(of those parts are very large.... You don't see big pieces of the airpla\
ne sitting there )Tj
T*
(extending up into the air." )Tj
ET
186.64999 195.8024 m
195.11 195.8024 l
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BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 186.64999 197.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(43 )Tj
-10.685 -2.60001 Td
(How is this testimony consistent with the idea that the Pentagon was hit\
by a Boeing )Tj
T*
(757? That airplanes fuselage is made of aluminum, which does not melt in\
an ordinary )Tj
T*
(hydrocarbon fire. Its engines are made of tempered steel, which also doe\
s not normally )Tj
T*
(melt. And yet the more-or-less official story was that the fire was so h\
ot that all this )Tj
T*
(metal not only melted but was vaporized. )Tj
ET
278.015 84.8024 m
286.47501 84.8024 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 278.015 86.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(44 Is this believable? In the first place, if the )Tj
-16.776 -1.33333 Td
(fire was that hot, how did the upper floors of the Pentagon survive? In \
the second place, )Tj
T*
(why would the fire have been so hot if it were a hydrocarbon fire? In th\
e third place, )Tj
ET
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(even if there was something about the crash that made this hydrocarbon f\
ire extra hot \227 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(hot enough to produce the red flames and other effects shown in the phot\
ographs \227 )Tj
T*
(would even fire this hot vaporize aluminum and steel? If the official st\
ory rests on this )Tj
T*
(account of the laws of physics, it is important enough to run an experim\
ent to test this )Tj
T*
(hypothesis. And this could be done easily enough, using some worn-out Bo\
eing 757. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Even if one believed that there was a chance that such a test might be s\
uccessful, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(however, there would be one more condition that would have to be passed.\
According to )Tj
T*
(at least one version of the official story, authorities were able to ide\
ntify victims of the )Tj
T*
(crash by their fingerprints. )Tj
ET
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0.72 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
189.25999 637.84456 m
197.72 637.84456 l
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0 0 1 rg
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(>)Tj
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(45 To provide support for the official account, therefore, the )Tj
-10.85899 -1.33333 Td
(fire would have to be hot enough to vaporize aluminum and steel and cool\
enough to )Tj
T*
(leave human flesh intact. This would, of course, be impossible, so Meyss\
an is amazed )Tj
T*
(that the Pentagon could evidendy make both of these claims without fear \
of ridicule. )Tj
ET
536.72 581.84456 m
545.17999 581.84456 l
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15 0 0 15 536.72 584.00456 Tm
(>)Tj
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(46 )Tj
-34.02299 -2.60001 Td
(In any case, such a test is no longer necessary because, as with other f\
eatures of the )Tj
T*
(official account of 9/11, this one evolved into a second version. As Mey\
ssan reports, six )Tj
T*
(months later, in April of 2002, the FBI claimed that enough of the Boein\
g 757 had been )Tj
T*
(recovered to make possible its almost complete reconstitution. An FBI sp\
okesman, Chris )Tj
T*
(Murray, was quoted as saying: "The pieces of the plane are stocked in a \
warehouse and )Tj
T*
(they are marked with the serial numbers of flight77" )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(47 The following month, )Tj
-21.21001 -1.33333 Td
(furthermore, this new version of the official account was supported by E\
d Plaugher, who )Tj
T*
(now remembered that when he arrived on the scene he had seen, he said, "\
pieces of the )Tj
T*
(fuselage, the wings, the landing gear, pieces of the engine, seats," add\
ing: "I can swear to )Tj
T*
(you, it was a plane." He even \227 inadvertendy contradicting the Pentag\
on's statement that )Tj
T*
(the black boxes were not found until 4:00 AM three days later-claimed to\
have seen one )Tj
T*
(of them. )Tj
ET
80.12 342.84456 m
88.58 342.84456 l
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0 0 1 rg
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(48 )Tj
-3.58299 -2.60001 Td
(It might seem that US officials could confirm this new version of the fa\
te of Flight 77 by )Tj
T*
(simply showing the warehouse full of recovered pieces to reporters and m\
embers of the )Tj
T*
(9/11 Independent Commission. At most, however, this evidence would show \
only that )Tj
T*
(much of the airplane had been recovered. It would not tell us that it ha\
d been recovered )Tj
T*
(from the Pentagon \227 as opposed to Ohio, Kentucky, or somewhere else. \
It is not )Tj
T*
(possible, therefore, to confirm this theory by pointing to this physical\
evidence in )Tj
T*
(combination with Ed Plaugher's improved memory. Moreover, this new versi\
on, besides )Tj
T*
(being in conflict with Plaugher's statements on September 12, is also in\
conflict with the )Tj
T*
(statements of Timothy Mitchell and Lee Evey on September 15. If big piec\
es of the )Tj
T*
(airplane, such as the engines, the fuselage, and the tail, were in the P\
entagon, why did )Tj
T*
(these men not see them? Why did Evey not see any "big pieces of the airp\
lane sitting )Tj
T*
(there extending up into the air"? And why have our reporters not asked s\
uch obvious )Tj
T*
(questions? )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Meyssan's claim that what hit the Pentagon was something other than Flig\
ht 77, we have )Tj
ET
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(seen, is supported by considerable physical evidence. This claim gathers\
a little )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(additional support from two more facts reported by Paul Thompson. For on\
e thing, when )Tj
T*
(the flight control transcripts for the 9/11 planes were finally released\
on October 16, )Tj
T*
("Flight 77's ends at least 20 minutes before it crashes." )Tj
ET
0 0 1 RG
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(>)Tj
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(49 Although there is more than )Tj
-22.133 -1.33333 Td
(one possible explanation for this fact, one of these explanations is tha\
t government )Tj
T*
(officials did not want the press and the public to hear what actually oc\
curred during the )Tj
T*
(final 20 minutes of Flight 77. The second fact is the existence of a new\
s story according )Tj
T*
(to which )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(an employee at a gas station across the street from the Pentagon that )Tj
T*
(services only military personnel says the gas station's security cameras\
)Tj
T*
(should have recorded the moment of impact. However, he says, "I've never\
)Tj
T*
(seen what the pictures looked like. The FBI was here within minutes and \
)Tj
T*
(took the film." )Tj
ET
157.5 563.84456 m
165.96001 563.84456 l
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0 0 1 rg
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 157.5 566.00456 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(50)Tj
-8.74167 -1.75 Td
(This report, if true \227 and someone could presumably interview the emp\
loyee, Jos\351 )Tj
T*
(Velasquez \227 suggests that the FBI had known that an aircraft was goin\
g to crash into the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon. How else can we explain that they got there "within minutes"? \
And, more )Tj
T*
(directly germane to our present topic, it also suggests that FBI officia\
ls feared that the )Tj
T*
(gas station's security cameras might have captured something about the c\
rash scene that )Tj
T*
(they did not want the press or the public to see, and this could have be\
en the fact that the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon was struck by a military missile rather than a commercial airli\
ner. If, by )Tj
T*
(contrast, the camera's pictures supported the governments claims, we wou\
ld expect the )Tj
T*
(government to have made these pictures public. So these two stories, whi\
le not )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(constituting physical evidence as such, do suggest that there is \(or at\
least )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(was)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\) physical )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evidence that would further undermine the official account. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(What about the Reported Sightings of an American Airliner?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Whereas the physical evidence strongly counts against the official theor\
y and instead )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(supports the missile theory, proponents of the official theory have reli\
ed primarily upon )Tj
T*
(reports that several eyewitnesses saw an American Airliner hit the Penta\
gon. For )Tj
T*
(example, one debunker of the view that the Pentagon was not really struc\
k by a Boeing )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(757 wrote in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Sunday Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(that "the killer blow to this conspiracy is that several )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(witnesses saw the plane hit the building." )Tj
ET
278.315 193.4603 m
286.77499 193.4603 l
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0 0 1 rg
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 278.315 195.6203 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(51 How can critics of the official account )Tj
-16.79601 -1.33333 Td
(reconcile their revisionist view with the fact that these reports exist?\
There seem to be )Tj
T*
(four main approaches. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(One approach builds on the standard forensic point that when there is a \
conflict between )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(physical evidence and eyewitness testimony, the physical evidence is usu\
ally, once its )Tj
T*
(authenticity is confirmed, given more weight. If the prosecuting attorne\
y in a criminal )Tj
T*
(trial has presented a strong case based on physical evidence, the defens\
e attorney can )Tj
T*
(seldom hope to render a "killer blow" to this case simply by presenting \
eyewitness )Tj
ET
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(testimony to the contrary. This is because the human testimony might be \
wrong for all )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sorts of reasons, such as misperception, faulty memory, or outright lyin\
g \(perhaps )Tj
T*
(because of bribery or intimidation\). Accordingly, any allegedly eyewitn\
ess testimony that )Tj
T*
(contradicts the physical evidence is explained away. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Meyssan employs this approach. The claims by witnesses to have seen an A\
merican )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Airlines plane could be explained, he suggests, in terms of the dynamics\
of the social )Tj
T*
(psychology of perception and memory, which often leads people to "see" w\
hat they )Tj
T*
(expect to see, or to "remember" having seen what they are expected to ha\
ve seen Given )Tj
T*
(the fact that these witnesses had seen images or heard reports of airlin\
ers hitting the )Tj
T*
(WTC and later heard that it was an American Airlines Boeing 757 that hit\
the Pentagon, )Tj
T*
(it is not at all surprising that several people would report having seen\
such an airplane )Tj
T*
(headed for the Pentagon, even if the actual aircraft was something quite\
different. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(52 )Tj
-32.853 -2.60001 Td
(Meyssan combines this approach with a second, which is to point out that\
there were also )Tj
T*
(several reports of eyewitnesses who said that the aircraft looked and/or\
sounded like a )Tj
T*
(missile or a military plane. Recall the testimony of, for example, Dulle\
s air traffic )Tj
T*
(controller Danielle O'Brien, who said that all the experienced air traff\
ic controllers in the )Tj
T*
(room thought that it was a military plane and the witness who said that \
it "seemed to be )Tj
T*
(able to hold eight or twelve persons" and "made a shrill noise like a fi\
ghter plane" \(see )Tj
T*
(page 26\). Meyssan, in addition to quoting the statements of these eyewi\
tnesses and )Tj
T*
(others, points out that an AGM-type missile "does look like a small civi\
lian airplane" and )Tj
T*
("produces a whistling noise similar to that of a fighter aircraft." On t\
his basis, he counts )Tj
T*
(those who reported seeing a military plane as witnesses on behalf of the\
missile theory. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(53 )Tj
0 -2.60001 TD
(Finally, having shown that the eyewitnesses supportive of the official t\
heory are at least )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(partly balanced by eyewitnesses supportive of the missile theory, Meyssa\
n can assume )Tj
T*
(that we should take these latter witnesses more seriously. That is, if w\
hat hit the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon was a missile, the fact that several people said that they saw \
a commercial )Tj
T*
(airliner hit the Pentagon is not surprising, given the dynamics of the p\
sychology of )Tj
T*
(perception and memory. But if what hit the Pentagon had been a Boeing 75\
7, it would be )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(very )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(surprising to have reports of people \227 especially people with trained\
eyes and ears )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\227 claiming to have seen a missile or small military plane. These repo\
rts of having seen a )Tj
T*
(missile or a small military plane must, accordingly, be given more weigh\
t. Properly )Tj
T*
(interpreted, then, the eyewitness testimony does not contradict, but ins\
tead supports, the )Tj
T*
(missile theory. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(There is, however, a third way to reconcile the physical evidence and th\
e reports of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(eyewitness testimony supporting the official theory. Rather than explain\
ing away these )Tj
T*
(reports by appealing to the psychology of perception and memory, one cou\
ld examine the )Tj
T*
(reports themselves more carefully to see if the people actually said wha\
t they were )Tj
T*
(reported to have said. This approach is taken by Gerard Holmgren. Beginn\
ing with 19 )Tj
ET
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(accounts said by the Urban Legends website to be eyewitness testimony th\
at an )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(American airliner hit the Pentagon, )Tj
ET
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249.8 780.8024 l
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(54 Holmgren found, for starters, that a majority of )Tj
-14.33099 -1.33333 Td
(the people cited did not actually claim to have seen the Pentagon hit by\
a commercial )Tj
T*
(airplane. Instead, "[w]hat they claimed was to have seen a plane flying \
way too low. and )Tj
T*
(then immediately afterwards to have seen smoke or an explosion coming fr\
om the )Tj
T*
(direction of the Pentagon which was out of sight at the time of the coll\
ision." \(Although )Tj
T*
(this distinction might at first glance seem too picayune, these reports \
would be )Tj
T*
(compatible with the two-aircraft thesis, to be discussed below.\) With r\
egard to the other )Tj
T*
(cases, Holmgren found one or more of the following problems: the alleged\
witness could )Tj
T*
(not be identified; the claim that the witness had seen an American Airli\
nes plane was )Tj
T*
(added by the reporter or the witness who initially claimed to have seen \
the American )Tj
T*
(airplane hit the Pentagon withdrew the claim under questioning \227 whic\
h was the case )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(with Mike Walter of )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(USA Today )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(when he was interviewed on CBS by Bryant Gumbel. )Tj
ET
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34.83501 562.76024 l
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15 0 0 15 26.375 564.92024 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(55 "What appeared at first reading to be 19 eyewitness accounts," Holmgr\
en concludes, )Tj
0 -1.33333 TD
("actually turned out to be none." )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Then, finding ten other reports that initially appeared to provide eyewi\
tness testimony, he )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(found that they all suffered from similar problems. Holmgren's efforts l\
ed him to the )Tj
T*
(following conclusion: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(My conclusion is that there is no eyewitness evidence to support the the\
ory )Tj
T*
(that F77 hit the Pentagon, unless my search has missed something very )Tj
T*
(significant. Given the strength of the photographic evidence that whatev\
er )Tj
T*
(hit the Pentagon could not possibly have been F77, I can see no reason f\
or )Tj
T*
(not stating this conclusion with a lot of confidence, unless and until )Tj
T*
(contrary evidence emerges. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(56)Tj
-13.88467 -1.75 Td
(There is, finally, a fourth way to reconcile the physical evidence and t\
he eyewitness )Tj
T*
(testimony \227 a way that allows an even less skeptical approach to test\
imony that seems )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(to support the official theory. This approach involves the hypothesis th\
at there were )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(two )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(aircraft heading toward the Pentagon. According to this two-aircraft the\
sis, both sets of )Tj
T*
(eyewitnesses \227 those who reported seeing a missile \(which they may h\
ave called a small )Tj
T*
(military plane\) and those who reported seeing a passenger jet \(which t\
hey may have )Tj
T*
(specifically identified as an American airliner\) \227 were correct. Dic\
k Eastman, who )Tj
T*
(develops this both/and position, says that eyewitnesses divide up into t\
hree sets: \(1\) those )Tj
T*
(who reported seeing "an airliner, shiny, red and blue markings, with two\
engines, in a )Tj
T*
(dive, and flying 'low' in terms of one or two hundred feet, and silent";\
\(2\) those who )Tj
T*
(reported seeing an aircraft coming in "at tree-top level, at '20 feet' a\
ll the way, hitting )Tj
T*
(lamp posts in perfect low level flight...engines roaring pouring on spee\
d; smaller than a )Tj
T*
(mid-sized airliner"; and \(3\) those such as Kelly Knowles, in an apartm\
ent two miles )Tj
T*
(away, who "saw two planes moving toward the Pentagon, one veering away a\
s the other )Tj
T*
(crashed." Eastman's analysis can also explain the testimony of those wit\
nesses who )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(combine features of the first two categories by supposing that they )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(saw )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(the American )Tj
ET
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(airliner while )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(hearing)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( the missile. Eastmans main point, in any case, is that at least most )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the testimony of most of the witnesses can be accepted as accurate, b\
ut that the only )Tj
T*
(witnesses who stated the full truth were those in the third category \227\
those who reported )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(seeing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(two )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(aircraft. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Eastmans theory, in other words, is that an American Airlines plane was \
putting on an )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(attention-getting exhibition to draw all eyes to itself. Then it flew to\
wards the Pentagon )Tj
T*
(while the missile was heading in the same direction \227 too close to th\
e ground for most )Tj
T*
(witnesses to see it even if they had not been distracted by the airliner\
. Then the airliner )Tj
T*
(veered off at the last second, disappearing behind the immense cloud of \
smoke produced )Tj
T*
(by the crash. It then landed unnoticed at Reagan National Airport, which\
was only a mile )Tj
T*
(away in the direction it was headed. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(57 )Tj
-14.608 -2.60001 Td
(These four approaches are not mutually exclusive. Although Eastman and H\
olmgren take )Tj
T*
(different approaches, they can actually be viewed as mutually supportive\
. That is, )Tj
T*
(Holmgren's main point is that most of the eyewitnesses who seemed to cla\
im that they )Tj
T*
(saw an American Airlines passenger plane hit the Pentagon actually claim\
ed only that )Tj
T*
(they saw it come very close to the Pentagon just before the explosion. E\
astman's two-)Tj
T*
(aircraft hypothesis explains why this distinction may be important and a\
lso provides a )Tj
T*
(reconciliation of all the testimony about an American airplane with the \
physical evidence )Tj
T*
(that the Pentagon was not struck by any such airplane. Also, Meyssan's t\
wo approaches )Tj
T*
(can be strengthened by combining them with Eastman's approach, Holmgren'\
s approach, )Tj
T*
(or an Eastman-Holmgren approach. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(58 )Tj
-14.524 -2.60001 Td
(For our present purposes, it is not necessary to decide what the truth o\
f the matter is. The )Tj
T*
(purpose of this discussion has been simply to show that the easy assumpt\
ion that )Tj
T*
(Meyssan's missile theory is disproved by eyewitness testimony is far fro\
m the truth. )Tj
T*
(Having made this point, I now return to the list of reasons for believin\
g that the aircraft )Tj
T*
(that crashed into the Pentagon was not Flight 77. The first two reasons,\
to recall, were )Tj
T*
(that the identification was based on dubious sources and that the physic\
al evidence was )Tj
T*
(incompatible with this identification. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Why Would Terrorists Have Struck the West Wing?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(A third fact about the Pentagon crash suggesting that it was not caused \
by hijackers on )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Flight 77 was the location of the crash. Assuming that terrorists in con\
trol of a Boeing )Tj
T*
(757 would want to be certain of hitting their target, why would they aim\
at one of the )Tj
T*
(facades, which are only 80 feet high, when they could have simply dived \
into the roof, )Tj
T*
(which covers 29 acres? More important, one would assume that they would \
have wanted )Tj
T*
(to cause as much damage to the Pentagon and kill as many of its employee\
s as possible, )Tj
T*
(and these aims would also have made the roof the logical target. )Tj
ET
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423.515 71.7103 l
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0 0 1 rg
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(>)Tj
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(59 Furthermore, even )Tj
-25.912 -1.33614 Td
(if there were an answer to that question, why would they hit the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(west)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( wing, which was )Tj
ET
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(the one part of the Pentagon that was being renovated? As the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Los Angeles Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(reported: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(It was the only area of the Pentagon with a sprinkler system, and it had\
been )Tj
T*
(reconstructed with a web of steel columns and bars [and blast-resistant \
)Tj
T*
(windows] to withstand bomb blasts.... While perhaps 4,500 people normall\
y )Tj
T*
(would have been working in the hardest-hit areas because of the renovati\
on )Tj
T*
(work only about 800 were there. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(60)Tj
-15.91367 -1.75 Td
(One would also assume that terrorists would be especially interested in \
killing the )Tj
T*
(Pentagons top civilian and military leaders, but the attack on the west \
wing killed none of )Tj
T*
(them. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(61 Most of the casualties were civilians, many of whom were working on t\
he )Tj
-2.5 -1.33333 Td
(renovation, "and only one general was to be found among the military vic\
tims." )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(152 If )Tj
-32.118 -1.33333 Td
(the Pentagon was struck by terrorists flying a Boeing 757, why would the\
y target the )Tj
T*
(west wing, where the crash would have the least rather than the greatest\
impact? The )Tj
T*
(force of this question is increased by the fact that according to the re\
ported radar data, the )Tj
T*
(aircraft, given its trajectory, was able to hit the west wing only by ex\
ecuting a very )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(difficult downward spiral. )Tj
ET
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0 0 1 rg
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(>)Tj
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(63 In other words, it was actually )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(technically difficult )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(to do )Tj
-10.66499 -1.33333 Td
(as little damage to the Pentagon as was done. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Could an Inexperienced Pilot Have Flown the Aircraft?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This downward spiral was so difficult and so perfectly executed, in fact\
that it raises a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(fourth argument against the official account. This argument is that no p\
ilot with the )Tj
T*
(minimal training the hijackers evidently had could have executed this ma\
neuver. )Tj
ET
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522.25999 369.4603 l
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0 0 1 rg
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(>)Tj
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(64 On )Tj
-32.495 -1.33333 Td
(this issue, Ahmed quotes the military expert Stan Goff's description of \
what he considers )Tj
T*
("the real kicker" in the official account: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(A pilot they want us to believe was trained at a Florida puddle-jumper )Tj
T*
(school for Piper Cubs and Cessnas, conducts a well-controlled downward )Tj
T*
(spiral, descending the last 7,000 feet in two-and-a-half minutes, brings\
the )Tj
T*
(plane in so low and flat that it clips the electrical wires across the s\
treet )Tj
T*
(from the Pentagon, and flies it with pinpoint accuracy into the side of \
this )Tj
T*
(building at 460 nauts.... When the theory about learning to fly this wel\
l at )Tj
T*
(the puddle-jumper school began to lose ground, it was added that they )Tj
T*
(received further training on a flight simulator. This is like saying you\
)Tj
T*
(prepared your teenager for her first drive on I-40 at rush hour by buyin\
g her )Tj
T*
(a video driving game. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(65)Tj
-11.63766 -1.75 Td
(This argument is made even stronger by the fact that the man who was sup\
posed to be )Tj
T*
(the pilot, Hani Hanjour, was reportedly not just an amateur but also an \
especially )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(incompetent one. According to a story in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times:)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Staff members characterized Mr. Hanjour as polite, meek and very quiet. \
But most of all, )Tj
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([a] former employee said, they considered him a very bad pilot. "I'm sti\
ll to this day )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(amazed that he could have flown into the Pentagon," the former employee \
said. "He )Tj
T*
(could not fly at all.")Tj
T*
(And according to a report on CBS News: )Tj
T*
(Months before Hani Hanjour is believed to have flown an American Airline\
s jet into the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon, managers at an Arizona flight school reported him at least fiv\
e times to the )Tj
T*
(FAA. They reported him not because they feared he was a terrorist, but b\
ecause his )Tj
T*
(English and flying skills were so bad.... [T]hey didn't think he should \
keep his pilots )Tj
T*
(license. "I couldn't believe he had a commercial license of any kind wit\
h the skills that he )Tj
T*
(had," said Peggy Chevrette, Arizona flight school manager. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(66)Tj
-24.043 -1.33333 Td
(How could anyone believe that this pilot could have handled the perfect \
maneuver )Tj
T*
(executed by the aircraft that hit the Pentagon? )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Could Flight 77 Really Have Been Lost for Half an Hour?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(A fifth problem that has been raised for the official account is that it\
entails Flight 77 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(having flown toward Washington for 29 minutes without being detected by \
any radar )Tj
T*
(system. A Pentagon spokesman reportedly said: "The Pentagon was simply n\
ot aware )Tj
T*
(that this aircraft was coming our way." )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(67 Thompson asks, rhetorically: "Is it )Tj
-15.79401 -1.33333 Td
(conceivable that an airplane could be lost inside US air space for [that\
long]?" )Tj
ET
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BT
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(>)Tj
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(68 Even )Tj
-31.457 -1.33333 Td
(if the )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(local air controllers did not have the kind of radar system that can tra\
ck a plane with its )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(transponder off, as claimed. )Tj
ET
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205.625 377.79462 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 197.16499 379.95462 Tm
(>)Tj
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(69 the FAA system certainly would have been able to track )Tj
-11.386 -1.33333 Td
(the flight path back to Washington. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(70 Even more, Meyssan argues, the Pentagon )Tj
-14.36 -1.33333 Td
(possesses "several very sophisticated radar monitoring systems, incompar\
able with the )Tj
T*
(civilian systems." The PAVE PAWS system, for example, "does not miss any\
thing )Tj
T*
(occurring in North American airspace." According to its website, it is "\
capable of )Tj
T*
(detecting and monitoring a great number of targets that would be consist\
ent with a )Tj
T*
(massive SLBM [Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile] attack" Are we to be\
lieve that it )Tj
T*
(can do all this, Meyssan wonders, while not being able to detect a singl\
e giant airliner )Tj
T*
(headed toward the Pentagon itself? )Tj
ET
240.08 229.79462 m
248.53999 229.79462 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 240.08 231.95462 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(71 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-14.24699 -2.60333 Td
(Why Was the Strike Not Prevented by Standard Operating Procedures?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Besides all these questions, which are specific to the strike on the Pen\
tagon, the official )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(account of the Pentagon strike is faced by the generic question: Assumin\
g that the strike )Tj
T*
(was made by Flight 77 under the control of hijackers, why was it not pre\
vented by )Tj
T*
(standard operating procedures? To critics, this question seems even more\
powerful in )Tj
T*
(relation to this strike because it occurred over a half hour after the s\
econd WTC tower )Tj
T*
(was hit, so that the National Military Command Center at the Pentagon sh\
ould have been )Tj
T*
(in the highest possible state of alert, and also because the Pentagon is\
probably the most )Tj
ET
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Q
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(well-defended building on the face of the planet. )Tj
ET
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(72 How does the official account )Tj
-19.69 -1.33333 Td
(explain the fact that in this case it was not defended at all? )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(According to the first version, as we have seen, fighter jets were not e\
ven ordered until )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(after the Pentagon had been struck. However, since US officials quickly \
gave up this )Tj
T*
(story, we will move directly to criticisms of the second version. Accord\
ing to this )Tj
T*
(account, given by NORAD, the FAA did not notify it that Flight 77 had be\
en hijacked )Tj
T*
(and was heading toward Washington until 9:24 )Tj
ET
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BT
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(>)Tj
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(73 \227 which would be 34 minutes after )Tj
-19.13699 -1.33333 Td
(the FAA had, according to the official account, lost radio contact with \
the plane and 28 )Tj
T*
(minutes after the plane disappeared from its radar. Then at 9:27, NORAD \
ordered planes )Tj
T*
(scrambled from Langley Air Force Base. These planes are said not to have\
arrived until )Tj
T*
(about 15 minutes after the Pentagon was struck at 9:38. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(74 )Tj
-22.414 -2.60001 Td
(Critics ask several questions about this account. Why was not the NMCC a\
nd hence )Tj
T*
(NORAD, with its superior radar system, independently monitoring the flig\
ht path? Even )Tj
T*
(if we ignore this question, how could the FAA have been so leisurely, es\
pecially given )Tj
T*
(the fact that shortly after 9:03 everyone in the system would have known\
that two )Tj
T*
(hijacked airplanes had been flown into the WTC? "Is such a long delay be\
lievable," )Tj
T*
(Thompson asks, "or has that information been doctored to cover the lack \
of any )Tj
T*
(scrambling of fighters?" )Tj
ET
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(75 Also, why would it take NORAD, after finally hearing from )Tj
-9.93401 -1.33333 Td
(the FAA, another three minutes to order planes scrambled? And why would \
it order those )Tj
T*
(planes from Langley, which is 130 miles from Washington, rather than fro\
m Andrews )Tj
T*
(Air Force Base, which is only 10 miles away and has the assignment to pr\
otect )Tj
T*
(Washington? )Tj
0 -2.46948 TD
(In relation to this last question, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(USA Today )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(reported that it was told by Pentagon sources )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that Andrews "had no fighters assigned to it." Another story in that new\
spaper the same )Tj
T*
(day reported that Andrews did have fighters present "but those planes we\
re not on alert." )Tj
ET
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15 0 0 15 26.375 287.9624 Tm
(>)Tj
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(76 Bykov and Israel argue that both stories, besides being inherently im\
plausible, are )Tj
0 -1.33333 TD
(contradicted by the US military information website. According to it, An\
drews houses )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the 121st Fighter Squadron of the 113th Fighter Wing, which is equipped \
with F-16 )Tj
T*
(fighters and "provides capable and ready response forces for the Distric\
t of Columbia in )Tj
T*
(the event of natural disaster or civil emergency." Andrews also has the \
Marine Fighter )Tj
T*
(Attack Squadron 321, which "flies the sophisticated F/A-18 Hornet" and i\
s supported by )Tj
T*
(a reserve squadron that "provides maintenance and supply functions neces\
sary to )Tj
T*
(maintain a force in readiness." )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(77 Andrews also has the District of Columbia Air )Tj
-12.405 -1.33333 Td
(National Guard \(DCANG\), which said on its website that its "mission" w\
as "to provide )Tj
T*
(combat units in the highest possible state of readiness." )Tj
ET
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370.10001 119.8024 l
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(>)Tj
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(78 In addition to this evidence, )Tj
-22.351 -1.33333 Td
(the falsity of the claim that Andrews had no fighters on alert, say crit\
ics, is shown by the )Tj
T*
(fact that, as widely reported, immediately after the attack on the Penta\
gon, F-l6s from )Tj
T*
(Andrews were flying over Washington. )Tj
ET
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(79 One of the disturbing questions, therefore, is )Tj
-16.052 -1.33333 Td
(why the Pentagon would have put out disinformation. )Tj
ET
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(Another question is why some of the websites were changed after 9/11. Th\
ompson )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(reports, for example, that the DCANG website was changed to say merely t\
hat it had a )Tj
T*
("vision" to "provide peacetime command and control and administrative mi\
ssion )Tj
T*
(oversight to support customers, DCANG units, and NGB in achieving the hi\
ghest state of )Tj
T*
(readiness." )Tj
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(80 In any case, it remains a puzzle, these critics say, why officials NO\
RAD )Tj
-4.629 -1.33333 Td
(\227 or NMCC \227 would have ordered planes to come from Langley, unless\
they were )Tj
T*
(simply inventing a story to explain why no planes appeared in time to st\
op the attack If )Tj
T*
(so, the critics add, even this story is inadequate. Thompson writes \(fr\
om within the )Tj
T*
(framework of the official account\) that if F-l6s from Langley were airb\
orne by 9:30, as )Tj
T*
(alleged, they )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(would have to travel slightly over 700 mph to reach Washington before )Tj
T*
(Flight 77 does. The maximum speed of an F-16 is 1,500 mph. Even at )Tj
T*
(traveling 1,300 mph, these planes could have reached Washington in six )Tj
T*
(minutes \227 well before any claim of when Flight 77 crashed. )Tj
ET
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(Given the fact that the planes were said to arrive 15 minutes too late, \
critics find this )Tj
T*
(story absurd. As George Szamuely puts it: "If it took the F-l6s half an \
hour to cover 150 )Tj
T*
(miles, they could not have been traveling at more than 300 mph \227 at 2\
0 percent )Tj
T*
(capability." )Tj
ET
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(82 In any case, had the jet fighters been ordered from Andrews, as they \
)Tj
-4.85201 -1.33333 Td
(should have been, they would have had even more time. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(A still deeper problem is why the fighters were not flying over Washingt\
on long before )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that. Captain Michael Jellinek, the command director of NORAD, reportedl\
y said that at )Tj
T*
(some point not long after the first attack on the WTC, telephone links w\
ere established )Tj
T*
(with the NMCC, Strategic Command, theater commanders, and federal emerge\
ncy-)Tj
T*
(response agencies in order to have an Air Threat Conference Call. At one\
time or )Tj
T*
(another, it was reported, the voices of President Bush, Vice President C\
heney, key )Tj
T*
(military officers, FAA and NORAD leaders, the White House, and Air Force\
One were )Tj
T*
(heard on the open line. Brigadier General Montague Winfield, head of the\
NMCC, )Tj
T*
(reportedly said: "All of the governmental agencies there that, that were\
involved in any )Tj
T*
(activity that was going on in the United States at that point, were in t\
hat conference." The )Tj
T*
(call reportedly continued right through the Pentagon explosion. )Tj
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(83 One implication of )Tj
-25.58099 -1.33333 Td
(this admitted fact is that all of these individuals and agencies would h\
ave known since )Tj
T*
(8:56 that Flight 77 was presumed to be hijacked and also that all airpla\
ne takeoffs from )Tj
T*
(Washington were stopped shortly after the crash of Flight 175 at 9:03. T\
hompson asks: )Tj
T*
("Why is the emergency considered important enough to stop all takeoffs f\
rom )Tj
T*
(Washington at this time, but not important enough to scramble even a sin\
gle plane to )Tj
T*
(defend Washington?" )Tj
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(84 )Tj
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(Why Was the Pentagon Not Evacuated?)Tj
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( )Tj
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(One of the disturbing questions raised by the crash of Flight 175 into t\
he second tower of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the WTC, as we saw, was why there was a public announcement telling peop\
le that the )Tj
T*
(building was secure so they should return to their offices. A similar qu\
estion is raised by )Tj
T*
(the attack on the Pentagon, even if the official account is accepted. Ac\
cording to this )Tj
T*
(account, Flight 77 was lost at 8:56, just after the radar allegedly show\
ed it making a U-)Tj
T*
(turn back towards Washington. Given the fact that the Pentagon was calle\
d by its staff )Tj
T*
("Ground Zero," even having a snack bar of that name, )Tj
ET
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(85 why would its officials, )Tj
-21.866 -1.33333 Td
(knowing of the attacks on the WTC, not have ordered its immediate evacua\
tion? )Tj
T*
(Furthermore, even if they did not do so shortly after 8:56, why did they\
not do so )Tj
T*
(immediately upon learning that the air traffic controllers had spotted a\
n unidentified fast-)Tj
T*
(flying aircraft heading in the direction of the Pentagon and the White H\
ouse at 9:25? In )Tj
T*
(the 13 minutes remaining before the Pentagon was hit, virtually everyone\
, presumably, )Tj
T*
(could have been evacuated. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In explaining why this was not done, a Pentagon spokesman said: "The Pen\
tagon was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(simply not aware that this aircraft was coming our way." Defense Secreta\
ry Rumsfeld )Tj
T*
(and his top aides, in particular, were said to be unaware of any danger \
up to the moment )Tj
T*
(of impact. )Tj
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(86 However, since the crash of the first plane into the WTC at 8:46, )Tj
-4.30499 -1.33614 Td
(according to the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
("military officials in [the National Military Command )Tj
T*
(Center] on the east side of the [Pentagon] were urgendy talking to law e\
nforcement and )Tj
T*
(air traffic control officials about what to do." And, according to the o\
fficial story, the )Tj
T*
(FAA had notified NORAD at 9:24 that Flight 77 appeared to be headed back\
towards )Tj
T*
(Washington. )Tj
ET
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(87 Having cited these reports, Thompson asks: "Is it believable that )Tj
-5.33299 -1.33333 Td
(everyone in the Pentagon outside of that command center, even the Secret\
ary of Defense, )Tj
T*
(would remain uninformed?" )Tj
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(88 And if it is not believable, then why were those people )Tj
-11.545 -1.33333 Td
(in the west wing allowed to be killed? )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Official Reaction to Meyssan's Theory)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(When Meyssan's theory was published, it was immediately denounced by U.S\
. officials. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(On April 2, 2002, the FBI issued a statement saying: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46666 Td
(To even suggest that AA77 did not crash into the Pentagon on September )Tj
T*
(11 is the ultimate insult to the memory of the 59 men, women and childre\
n )Tj
T*
(on AA77 and the 125 dedicated military and civilian workers in the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon who were ruthlessly murdered by terrorists on September 11.)Tj
-2.66667 -1.61667 Td
(A similar statement was made later that month on behalf of the Departmen\
t of Defense )Tj
T*
(by Victoria Clarice, who said: )Tj
T*
(I think even the suggestion of it is ludicrous. And finally, it is just \
an incredible, )Tj
T*
(incredible insult to the friends and the relatives and the family member\
s of the almost )Tj
T*
(200 people that got killed here on September 11th and the thousands who \
were killed in )Tj
T*
(New York.)Tj
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(Meyssan agrees, of course, that the 125 Pentagon workers were ruthlessly\
murdered by )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terrorists. He simply disagrees with the official theory as to the ident\
ity of these ruthless )Tj
T*
(terrorists. He also agrees that it would be an insult to the victims and\
their families and )Tj
T*
(friends for anyone knowingly to perpetrate a false account of who was re\
sponsible. He )Tj
T*
(simply disagrees on the question of who is guilty of this insult. These \
mutual )Tj
T*
(recriminations, of course, settle nothing. What we need is a full invest\
igation into the )Tj
T*
(strike on the Pentagon, in conjunction with such an investigation into t\
he attacks on the )Tj
T*
(World Trade Center, in which all the disturbing questions raised by Meys\
san and other )Tj
T*
(critics of the official accounts can be thoroughly examined. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(If the evidence related to the strike on the Pentagon is added, the thir\
d of the possible )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(views discussed in the Introduction would seem to be ruled out. Accordin\
g to that view, )Tj
T*
(no US officials participated in the planning for the attacks. But the ev\
idence about the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon strike presented by the critics of the official account, especi\
ally Meyssan, )Tj
T*
(seems to require active planning by members of the US military, at least\
in this incident )Tj
T*
(\(because only an aircraft belonging to the US military would have had a\
transponder that )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(signaled )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(friendly )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(to the Pentagons antimissile batteries and thereby avoided being shot )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(down\). Although the evidence from this flight itself might allow these \
members to )Tj
T*
(belong to some rogue outfit within the military, the evidence from the p\
revious flights )Tj
T*
(has already shown that the conspirators must have included NMCC official\
s in the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon itself Also, if the stories about Rumsfeld's prediction of the \
strike on the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon as well as the strike on one of the WTC towers is true, the civ\
ilian head of the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon would seem to have known when the attacks were to occur. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(================= )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(To summarize where we are with regard to the first three flights: From t\
he point of view )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the critics, a scrutiny of the official account of 9/11 in light of t\
he actual facts leaves )Tj
T*
(us only two possible conclusions: our government and military leaders we\
re either )Tj
T*
(incredibly incompetent or criminally complicit. And the problem with the\
incompetence )Tj
T*
(theory, says Canada's award-winning journalist Barrie Zwicker, is that "\
[i]ncompetence )Tj
T*
(usually earns reprimands" and yet "there have been no reports, to my kno\
wledge, of )Tj
T*
(reprimands." He then adds: "This causes me to ask\227and other media nee\
d to ask\227if )Tj
T*
(there were 'stand down' orders." )Tj
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(90 Answering his own question, he says: )Tj
-10.37534 -2.60001 Td
(In the almost two hours of the total drama not a single US Air Force )Tj
T*
(interceptor turns a wheel until it's too late. Why? Was it total incompe\
tence )Tj
T*
(on the part of aircrews trained and equipped to scramble in minutes?... \
)Tj
T*
(Simply to ask these few questions is to find the official narrative fran\
kly )Tj
T*
(implausible. The more questions you pursue, it becomes more plausible th\
at )Tj
T*
(there's a different explanation: Namely, that elements within the top US\
)Tj
T*
(military, intelligence and political leadership...are complicit in what \
)Tj
T*
(happened on September the 11th.)Tj
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(Gore Vidal reaches the same conclusion. Reflecting on the official rejec\
tion of any )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(inquiry "not limited to the assumption that the administrations inaction\
was solely a )Tj
T*
(consequence of 'breakdowns among federal agencies,'" he concludes: )Tj
T*
(So for reasons that we must never know, those "breakdowns" are to be the\
goat. That )Tj
T*
(they were more likely to be not break but "stand-downs" is not for us to\
pry. Certainly )Tj
T*
(the hour-twenty-minute failure to put fighter planes in the air could no\
t have been due to )Tj
T*
(a breakdown throughout the entire Air Force along the East Coast. Mandat\
ory standard )Tj
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(operating procedure had been told to cease and desist,)Tj
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(Both Zwicker and Vidal conclude that complicity rather than incompetence\
\227"stand )Tj
T*
(down" rather than "break down"\227is the more plausible explanation of h\
ow the attacks )Tj
T*
(on the WTC could have succeeded. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Relevant to this discussion is Michael Parentis observation that politic\
al leaders )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sometimes "seize upon incompetence as a cover"\227that is, as a way to d\
eny their active )Tj
T*
(involvement in some illegal operation. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This admission of incompetence is then "eagerly embraced by various comm\
entators," )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(because they prefer to see their leaders as suffering from incompetence \
"rather than to )Tj
T*
(sec deliberate deception." Is that what is going on here? Ahmed, reflect\
ing on Jared )Tj
T*
(Israel's discussion, says that if there was as much incompetence on 9/11\
as the official )Tj
T*
(account irnplies "then evidence of institutional incompetence within the\
se emergency )Tj
T*
(response services should have frequently surfaced during previous respon\
ses to routine )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(emergencies, possible hijackings, and so on. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(There is no such evidence" xx93 )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Must not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(this question be pressed? How could a system that normally works flawles\
sly, according )Tj
T*
(to all available evidence, suddenly, on the day that these attacks were \
scheduled to occur, )Tj
T*
(suffer so many inexplicable breakdowns? )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(This question has not gone unasked by family members of the victims of 9\
/11. For )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(example, Kristen Breitweiser, whose husband died in the WTC, said on Phi\
l Donahue's )Tj
T*
(television show: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(I don't understand how a plane could hit our Defense Department... an ho\
ur )Tj
T*
(after the first plane hit the first tower. I don't understand how that i\
s )Tj
T*
(possible. I'm a reasonable person. But when you look at the fact that we\
)Tj
T*
(spend a half trillion dollars on national defense and you're telling me \
that a )Tj
T*
(plane is able to hit our Pentagon...an hour after the first tower is hit\
? There )Tj
T*
(are procedures and protocols in place in this nation that are to be foll\
owed )Tj
T*
(when transponders are disconnected, and they were not followed on )Tj
T*
(September 11th.xx94)Tj
-2.66667 -1.61667 Td
(Do we not owe her an answer? )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(======= )Tj
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(An interesting footnote to this chapter: While correcting page proofs, I\
learned of an )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(interview with Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld in the Pentagon on October \
12, 2001, in )Tj
T*
(which he, in speaking of the various kinds of weapons used by the terror\
ists, referred to )Tj
T*
("the missile [used] to damage this building."xx95 Was this a revealing s\
lip? )Tj
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(FOOTNOTES for chapter 2:)Tj
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(hint: )Tj
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(press the BACK-button on your browser to jump back to the original text-\
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( )Tj
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(1)Tj
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(Meyssan. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(88. That there was concern in the Bush administration to squelch )Tj
-0.39999 -1.20332 Td
(this rumor is suggested by the fact that Vice President Chcney, in his a\
ppearance on)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
T*
("Meet the Press" on September 16, took time to refute it even though he \
had not been )Tj
T*
(asked about it. In response to a simple comment about Flight 77, Cheney \
said that the )Tj
T*
(terrorists, after capturing this plane, "turned off the transponder, whi\
ch led to a later )Tj
T*
(report that a plane had gone down over Ohio, but it really hadn't. Of co\
urse, then they )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(turned back and headed back towards Washington" \(quoted in Meyssan, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big )Tj
T*
(Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(165\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 437.74045 Tm
(2)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 433.90045 Tm
(USA Today, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 13, 2002, quoted in Ahmed, 44. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 418.19954 Tm
(3)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 414.35953 Tm
(Meyssan, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(96. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 398.65862 Tm
(4)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 394.81862 Tm
(ABC News, September 11, 2002; see also )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(94. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 379.11771 Tm
(5)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 375.27771 Tm
(Boston Globe, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 23, cited in Thompson, "September 11" \(9:33-9:38 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 359.5768 Tm
(6)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 355.7368 Tm
(CBS News, September 21, 2001, quoted in Thompson \(9:33-9:38 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 340.03589 Tm
(7)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 336.19588 Tm
(Telegraph, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 16, 2001, quoted in Thompson \(9:38 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 320.49496 Tm
(8)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 316.65497 Tm
(ABC News, October 24, 2001, quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(96-97. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 300.95406 Tm
(9)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 297.11406 Tm
("Extensive Casualties in Wake of Pentagon Attack," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 11, )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(2001, quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(38-39. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 263.37099 Tm
(10)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 259.53098 Tm
(Quoted under "What about All the Witnesses?" in Killtowns "Did Flight 77\
Really )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Crash into the Pentagon?" \(thewebfairy.com/killtown/flight77\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 225.83006 Tm
(11)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 221.99007 Tm
(CNN, September 12, 2001, quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(48. The person to whom this )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(statement about "a cruise missile with wings" was attributed was Mike Wa\
lter of )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(USA )Tj
T*
(Today. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(But he has also been quoted as saying that it was "an American Airlines \
plane." )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Walter's testimony is discussed further in note 55. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 152.20483 Tm
(12)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 148.36484 Tm
("Minute by Minute with the Broadcast News," PoynterOnline, September 11,\
2001, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(cited in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(88. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 114.62177 Tm
(13)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 110.78177 Tm
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(April 1, 2002, quoted in Thompson, "Timeline," early March 2002. )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Thompson reports\227citing the European version of )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 20, 2002\227that Meyssan's )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(first book on this subject, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(I'Effroyable imposture )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Paris: Les Editions Carnot, 2002\), )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(while being widely denounced by the French media, set a French publishin\
g record for )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(first-month sales. \(This is, as mentioned earlier, the book translated \
as )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie.\))Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
ET
EMC
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/TT0 1 Tf
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(14)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 799.11436 Tm
(Victoria Clarke, Department of Defense News Briefing, June 25, 2002, quo\
ted on )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Thierry Meyssan's website \(www.effroyable-imposture.net or www. reseauv\
oltaire.net\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 765.41345 Tm
(15)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 761.57346 Tm
(This would be one possible translation of the title of Meyssan's first b\
ook on the issue, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(mentioned in note 13, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(I'Effioyable imposture.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 727.83038 Tm
(16)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 723.99039 Tm
(Meyssan, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(92. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 708.28947 Tm
(17)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 704.44946 Tm
(Gerry J. Gilmore, "Alleged Terrorist Airliner Attack Targets Pentagon," \
)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(American )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(forces Infirmation Service, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Defense Link, DoD, September 11, 2001 \(www.defenselink.)Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(mil/news/Sep2001/n09112001_200109111.html\), quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(96. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 652.66423 Tm
(18)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 648.82423 Tm
("Hijacked Jets Fly into Trade Center, Pentagon," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Los Angeles Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 11, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(2001, quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(96. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 615.08116 Tm
(19)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 611.24117 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 12, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Newsday, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 23, 2001, cited in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Thompson \(Between 8:55-9:00 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 577.54025 Tm
(20)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 573.70024 Tm
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(89. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 557.99933 Tm
(21)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 554.15933 Tm
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(98-99, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Sydney Morning Herald, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 20, 2002 Olson's statement, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(made before the Supreme Court, was also quoted in Jim Hoagland, "The Lim\
it of Lying," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
T*
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 21, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 502.41626 Tm
(22)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 498.57626 Tm
(Thompson \(9:25 AM\) and \(After 9:30 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 482.87535 Tm
(23)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 479.03535 Tm
(Thompson \(9:30 AM\), citing stories from )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scotland Sunday Herald, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 16 and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(CoxNews,)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(.October 21, 2001. Anyone who questions the reality of the reported call\
' from )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Barbara Olson, of course, would probably also question the reported stat\
ement by the )Tj
T*
(hijackers, but that does not undermine the validity of Thompsons questio\
n. His question )Tj
T*
(merely points out that although these two elements are crucial to the of\
ficial account, )Tj
T*
(because they reputedly provide evidence that Flight 77 was still aloft, \
there is a tension )Tj
T*
(between these two elements. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 355.29227 Tm
(24)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 351.45227 Tm
(See "Hunt the Boeing. Test Your Perceptions" )Tj
ET
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0.72 w 10 M 0 j 0 J []0 d
320.58501 349.29227 m
567.245 349.29227 l
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0 0 1 rg
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 320.58501 351.45227 Tm
(http://www.asile.org/citoyens/numero13/)Tj
ET
26.375 329.29227 m
182.58501 329.29227 l
S
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 331.45227 Tm
(pentagone/erreurs_en.htm)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 313.75136 Tm
(25)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 309.91136 Tm
(This photograph, taken by Jason Ingersoll of the US Marine Corps, is ava\
ilable in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Meyssan's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(and on the "Hunt the Boeing" website. The quotation is from Marc )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Fisher and Don Phillips, "On Flight 77: 'Our Plane is Being Hijacked,'" \
)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(September 12, 2001. In an e-mail letter, I asked Mr. Fisher is he knew w\
here he got that )Tj
T*
(information and also if he had "seen any reason in the intervening time \
to question )Tj
T*
(whether the hole was this big." On January 16, 2004, he replied, saying:\
"I don't know )Tj
T*
(where that detail came from and I don't know the size of the hole in the\
building, but that )Tj
T*
(information could be obtained from the Pentagon easily enough." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 168.12613 Tm
(26)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 164.28613 Tm
(A photograph by Mark Faram and distributed by the Associated Press shows\
a little )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(piece of twisted sheet metal colored red and white. Although this photo \
has been widely )Tj
T*
(published as evidence of debris from Flight 77, the piece of metal it sh\
ows does not, )Tj
T*
(points out Meyssan, correspond with any part of a Boeing 757 and was not\
included by )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(the Department of Defense in the material said to have come from Flight \
77 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(page XVI of the photo section\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 58.54306 Tm
(27)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 54.70305 Tm
(This point is important in light of the claim of some defenders of the o\
fficial account )Tj
ET
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(that the reason the plane did not cause much damage to the Pentagon is t\
hat it hit the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ground first, thereby being greatly slowed down before it hit the Pentag\
ons facade. That )Tj
T*
(claim co-exists rather uncomfortably, incidentally, with another claim m\
eant to support )Tj
T*
(the official account, which is that the reason the jet engines were not \
spotted by anyone is )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(that they were pulverized when they hit the facade \(see )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(14-17\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 715.26149 Tm
(28)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 711.42149 Tm
(This photograph, with the superimposition, is provided in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(22. A )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(clearer version is included among the photos provided on the "Hunt the B\
oeing" website. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 677.72058 Tm
(29)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 673.88058 Tm
(9/11: The Big Lie, 22.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 658.17967 Tm
(30)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 654.33966 Tm
(This answer is given on a debunking website, Urban Legends )Tj
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15 0 0 15 411.23 654.33966 Tm
(http://urbanlegends.about.)Tj
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26.375 632.17967 m
186.8 632.17967 l
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 634.33966 Tm
(com/library/blflight77.htm)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( which seeks to provide answers to the various questions )Tj
0 -1.33333 TD
(posed in the "Hunt the Boeing" website, cited above. This answer is prov\
ided in response )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(to the third question it lists. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 580.63875 Tm
(31)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 576.79875 Tm
(Urban Legends website, in response to the fifth question it lists. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 561.09784 Tm
(32)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 557.25784 Tm
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(33-34. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 541.55693 Tm
(33)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 537.71692 Tm
(Ibid., 54-55, 36. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 522.01601 Tm
(34)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 518.17601 Tm
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(19. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 502.4751 Tm
(35)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 498.6351 Tm
(Pentagate,53,55, 60, 62.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 482.93419 Tm
(36)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 479.09419 Tm
(For these photos, which were provided by the Associated Press, see )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(pages II )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(and III of the photo section. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 445.39328 Tm
(37)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 441.55327 Tm
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(27-28, 27 )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 425.85236 Tm
(38)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 422.01236 Tm
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(112. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 406.31145 Tm
(39)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 402.47145 Tm
(Ibid., 116, referring to the presentation of the AN/APX-100\(V\) transpo\
nder at www.)Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(globalsecurity.org. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 368.77054 Tm
(40)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 364.93053 Tm
(This question is raised, for example, in Thompson \(9:33-9:38 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 349.22961 Tm
(41)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 345.38962 Tm
(DoD News Briefing," Defense Link, Department of Defense, September 12, 2\
001 )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(\(www.defenselink.mil/news/Sep2001/t09122001_t0912asd.html\), quoted in \
)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
T*
(17. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 293.64655 Tm
(42)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 289.80655 Tm
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(19. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 274.10564 Tm
(43)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 270.26564 Tm
("DoD News Briefing on Pentagon Renovation," Defense Link, Department of \
Defense, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(September 15, 2001, quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(18. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 236.52257 Tm
(44)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 232.68256 Tm
(NFPA Journal, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 1, 2001, cited in Thompson, "Timeline," November 21, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(2001 \(C\). As Meyssan points out )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(14-17\), this argument has been articulated )Tj
T*
(by many defenders of the official account. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 180.93948 Tm
(45)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 177.09949 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 21, 2001, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Mercury, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 11, 2002, cited in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Thompson, "Timeline," November 21, 2001 \(C\). An alternative version of\
the official )Tj
T*
(account has the passengers identified by their DNA, but this version wou\
ld face a similar )Tj
T*
(difficulty. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 107.39857 Tm
(46)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 103.55858 Tm
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(175. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 87.85767 Tm
(47)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 84.01765 Tm
("Pourquoi la demonstration de Meyssan est cousue de tr\350s gros fils bl\
ancs' blancs,'" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Liberation, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 30, 2001, quoted in)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(20. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 50.27458 Tm
(48)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 46.43459 Tm
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(20-21. )Tj
ET
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(Thompson, "Timeline," October 16, 2001, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 16, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 785.76274 Tm
(50)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 781.92274 Tm
(Thompson, "Timeline," September 21, 2001, quoting the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Richmond Times-Dispatch, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(December 11, 2001. It should be added that the reporter who wrote this s\
tory, Bill )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(McKelway, accepted the official account, according to which it was Fligh\
t 77 that hit the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon. He raised no questions as to why the FBI would have confiscate\
d the video or )Tj
T*
(how they could have gotten there "within minutes." We have no reason, th\
erefore, to )Tj
T*
(suspect that he fabricated this story. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 676.22183 Tm
(51)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 672.38182 Tm
(Jon Ungoed-Thomas, "Conspiracy Theories about 9/11 are Growing and Getti\
ng More )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Bizarre," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Sunday Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 14, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 638.63875 Tm
(52)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 634.79875 Tm
(Pentagate, 42-46.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 619.09784 Tm
(53)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 615.25784 Tm
(Meyssan, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(27-28. One website )Tj
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332.92999 613.09784 m
557.92999 613.09784 l
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 332.92999 615.25784 Tm
(http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/)Tj
ET
26.375 593.09784 m
145.13 593.09784 l
S
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 595.25784 Tm
(smart/bgm-109.htm)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( carries photographs of cruise missiles that show how similar they )Tj
0 -1.33333 TD
(can look to small military planes. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 559.55693 Tm
(54)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 555.71692 Tm
(See urbanlegends.about.com/library/blflight77.htm. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 540.01601 Tm
(55)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 536.17601 Tm
(As mentioned in note 11, Walter at first said that it was like "a cruise\
missile with )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(wings." He also made conflicting statements about whether he saw the air\
craft \(whatever ,)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(t was\) hit the Pentagon. The first quotations from him indicate that he\
did not\227that the )Tj
T*
(aircraft disappeared from his view behind a hill, after which he heard t\
he explosion and )Tj
T*
(saw the ball of fire. When he was interviewed by Bryant Gumbel on CBS Se\
ptember 12, )Tj
T*
(he first said that he saw an American Airlines jet and saw it hit the Pe\
ntagon. Under )Tj
T*
(questioning from Gumbel, however, he said that his view was obstructed. \
An hour later )Tj
T*
(on NEC, he repeated this latter affirmation, saying: "It kind of disappe\
ared over this )Tj
T*
(embankment here for a moment and then a huge explosion." All these state\
ments are )Tj
T*
(quoted in Gerard Holmgren, "Did F77 Hit the Pentagon? Eyewitness Account\
s )Tj
T*
(Examined," NYC IndyMediaCenter )Tj
ET
245.795 354.01601 m
467.87 354.01601 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 245.795 356.17601 Tm
(http://nyc.indymedia.org/front.php3?)Tj
ET
26.375 334.01601 m
128.99001 334.01601 l
S
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 336.17601 Tm
(article_id=25646)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( . )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 318.4751 Tm
(56)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 314.6351 Tm
(Holmgren, "Did F77 Hit the Pentagon? Eyewitness Accounts Examined." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 298.93419 Tm
(57)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 295.09419 Tm
(Dick Eastman, "What Convinced Me that Flight 77 Was Not the Killer Jet,"\
Part 1, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(American Patriot Friends Network )Tj
ET
238.00999 274.93419 m
509.24001 274.93419 l
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0 0 1 rg
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 238.00999 277.09419 Tm
(http://www.apfn.org/apfn/77_deastman1.htm)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( )Tj
-14.10899 -1.33333 Td
(Incidentally, although Eastman supposes that the American airplane was F\
light 77, his )Tj
T*
(thesis would be consistent with its having been a different airplane. In\
any case, Eastman )Tj
T*
(also discusses five frames from the Pentagons security camera video that\
were released )Tj
T*
(shortly after Thierry Meyssan's missile theory was published. Although t\
he Pentagon )Tj
T*
(meant for these frames to prove that a plane rather than a missile reall\
y was involved in )Tj
T*
(the attack, Eastman reports that it was his scrutiny of these frames tha\
t first convinced )Tj
T*
(him that the official story was false, because the aircraft on the video\
was much too short )Tj
T*
(to have been a Boeing 757. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 115.39328 Tm
(58)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 111.55327 Tm
(Holmgren has said \(personal correspondence on November 29, 2003\) that \
he has )Tj
-0.8 -1.30273 Td
(tentatively accepted Eastman's two-aircraft hypothesis. )Tj
12 0 0 12 359.84 95.85236 Tm
(59)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 371.84 92.01236 Tm
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(19. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 76.31145 Tm
(60)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 72.47145 Tm
(Los Angeles Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 16, 2001, quoted in Thompson, 9:38 AM. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 56.77054 Tm
(61)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 52.93053 Tm
(Ahmed, 299-300. )Tj
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(62)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 801.42993 Tm
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(20. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 785.72902 Tm
(63)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 781.88901 Tm
(Thompson \(9:33-9:38 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 766.1881 Tm
(64)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 762.3481 Tm
("Ibid. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 746.64719 Tm
(65)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 742.80719 Tm
(Ahmed, 161-62, quoting Stan Goff, "The So-Called Evidence is a Farce," N\
arco News )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(#14: October 10, 2001 )Tj
ET
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165.11 722.64719 m
295.07001 722.64719 l
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0 0 1 rg
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15 0 0 15 165.11 724.80719 Tm
(www.narconews.com)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 707.10628 Tm
(66)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 703.26627 Tm
(New York Trnies, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(May 4, 2002, and CBS News, May 10, 2002, quoted under "Was )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Hani Hanjour Even on Flight 77 and Could He Have Really Flown It to Its \
Doom?" in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Killtowns "Did Flight 77 Really Crash into the Pentagon?" \()Tj
ET
388.205 665.10628 m
529.44501 665.10628 l
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/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 388.205 667.26627 Tm
(http://thewebfairy.com/)Tj
ET
26.375 645.10628 m
128.06 645.10628 l
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BT
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 647.26627 Tm
(killtown/flight77)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(, October 19, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 629.56535 Tm
(67)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 625.72536 Tm
("Air Attack on Pentagon Indicates Weaknesses," )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Newsday, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 23, 2001, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(quoted in )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(112. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 591.98228 Tm
(68)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 588.14229 Tm
(Thompson, 9:33 AM. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 572.44138 Tm
(69)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 568.60138 Tm
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(91. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 552.90045 Tm
(70)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 549.06046 Tm
(Ahmed, 153. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 533.35954 Tm
(71)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 529.51955 Tm
(Pentagate, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(115 \(see also 174\), quoting "PAVE PAWS, Watching North America's )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Skies, 24 Hours a day" \()Tj
ET
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332.45 509.35954 l
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0 0 1 rg
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/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 172.47501 511.51955 Tm
(http://www.pavepaws.org\))Tj
0 0 0 rg
(. "PAWS" stands for Phased Array )Tj
-9.74001 -1.33333 Td
(Warning )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 475.81863 Tm
(72)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 471.97864 Tm
(Ahmed, 153. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 456.27773 Tm
(73)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 452.43771 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 12, NORAD, September 18, and Associated Press, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(September 19, 2001, cited in Thompson, 9:24 AM. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 418.7368 Tm
(74)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 414.8968 Tm
(Ahmed, 153-54. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 399.19589 Tm
(75)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 395.3559 Tm
(Thompson, 9:24 AM. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 379.65498 Tm
(76)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 375.81497 Tm
(USA Today, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 17, 2001, cited by Ahmed, 154, and Bykov and Israel, "Guilty )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(for 9-11" \(see note 9 of Ch. 1\). General Larry Arnold said: "We [didn'\
t] have any aircraft )Tj
T*
(on alert at Andrews," MSNBC, September 23, 2001, quoted in Thompson \(Af\
ter 9:38 )Tj
T*
(AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 306.11406 Tm
(77)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 302.27406 Tm
(Bykov and Israel, "Guilty for 9-11," and Ahmed, 154-55, citing DC Milita\
ry \(www.)Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(dcmilitary.com\). Bykov and Israel report that, having found this websit\
e on September )Tj
T*
(24, 2001, they discovered a month later that the address had been change\
d, that the )Tj
T*
(information about Andrews had been put in the smallest possible type, an\
d that the )Tj
T*
(official Andrews AFB website was "down" \(although, they add, it could s\
till be accessed )Tj
T*
(through www.archive.org by entering www.andrews.af.mil\). Bykov and Isra\
el report that )Tj
T*
(they maintain backups of the DC Military web pages for September and Nov\
ember at )Tj
ET
26.375 174.11406 m
397.595 174.11406 l
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15 0 0 15 26.375 176.27406 Tm
(http://www.emperors-clothes.com/9-11backups/dcmilsep.htm)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( and )Tj
ET
426.755 174.11406 m
559.655 174.11406 l
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0 0 1 rg
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/TT1 1 Tf
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(http://www.emperors-)Tj
ET
26.375 154.11406 m
115.11501 154.11406 l
S
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/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 156.27406 Tm
(clothes.com/9-)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(11backups/dcmil.htm. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 138.57315 Tm
(78)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 134.73315 Tm
(Thompson \(After 9:03 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 119.03224 Tm
(79)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 115.19225 Tm
(Ahmed, 155-56. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 99.49133 Tm
(80)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 95.65132 Tm
(Thompson \(After 9:03 AM\). This change is also reported by Bykov and Is\
rael, "Update )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(to Guilty for 9-11: Bush, Rumsfeld, Myers: Section 1," The Emperors New \
Clothes )Tj
T*
(\(www.emperors-clothes.com\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 43.95041 Tm
(81)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 40.11041 Tm
(Thompson, 9:30 AM. Thompson's statement about the earliest "claim" as to\
when the )Tj
ET
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(crash occurred reflects the fact that the time has been placed variously\
between 9:37 and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(9:45, with NORAD listing the earliest possible time, which would have gi\
ven the fighter )Tj
T*
(jets less time to get there. Thompson's own time, 9:38, differs little f\
rom NORAD's time, )Tj
T*
(so his calculations would not be seriously changed by adopting NORAD's t\
ime. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 732.4095 Tm
(82)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 728.5695 Tm
(George Szamuely, "Nothing Urgent," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Press, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(15/2 )Tj
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401 726.4095 m
522.66499 726.4095 l
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15 0 0 15 401 728.5695 Tm
(http://www.nypress.)Tj
ET
26.375 706.4095 m
182.61501 706.4095 l
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BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 708.5695 Tm
(com/15/2/taki/bunker.cfm)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( quoted in Ahmed, 152. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 690.86859 Tm
(83)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 687.02858 Tm
(Aviation Week and Space Technology, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(June 3, CNN, September 4, and ABC News, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(September 11, 2002, cited in Thompson \(After 8:46 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 653.32767 Tm
(84)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 649.48767 Tm
(Thompson \(9:03-9:08 AM\), citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(USA Today, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 12 and 13, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 633.78676 Tm
(85)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 629.94676 Tm
(Telegraph, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September, 16, 2001, cited in Thompson, "Timeline," October 24-26, 2000.\
)Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 614.24585 Tm
(86)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 610.40585 Tm
(Newsday, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 23, 2001, cited in Thompson, 9:24 AM. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 594.70494 Tm
(87)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 590.86493 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 12, 2001, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 17, 2001, and Associated )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Press, August 19, 2002, cited in Thompson, 9:24 AM. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 557.16402 Tm
(88)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 553.32402 Tm
(Thompson, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 15, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 537.62311 Tm
(89)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 533.78311 Tm
(The FBI statement was issued April 2, 2002. Victoria Clarke's statement \
was made at a )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Department of Defense News Briefing on April 24, 2002. Both statements a\
re printed on )Tj
T*
(Meyssan's website )Tj
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362.36 495.62311 l
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(http://www.effroyable-imposture.net)Tj
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( )Tj
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(90)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 476.24219 Tm
(Barrie Zwicker, "The Great Deception: What Really Happened on September \
11th Part )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(2," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(MediaFile, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Vision TV Insight, January 28, 2002 \(www.visiontv.ca\), quoted in )Tj
T*
(Ahmed, 169. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 424.49911 Tm
(91)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 420.65912 Tm
(Zwicker, "The Great Deception: What Really Happened on September 11th Pa\
rt )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(l,"January 21, 2002, quoted in Ahmed, 169-70. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 386.95821 Tm
(92)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 383.11821 Tm
(Gore Vidal, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dreaming War: Blood for Oil and the Cheney-Bush Junta )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York; )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Thunder's Mouth/Marion Books, 2002;, 32. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 349.4173 Tm
(93)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 345.5773 Tm
(Parenti, )Tj
ET
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273.35001 343.4173 l
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(http://www.michaelparenti.org)Tj
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(The Terrorism Trap: September 11 and Beyond )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-4.133 -1.33333 Td
(\(San Francisco: City Lights, 2002\), 93-94; Ahmed, 168 \(emphasis origi\
nal\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 309.87637 Tm
(94)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 306.03638 Tm
(Kristen Breitweiser appeared on Phil Donahue's show on August 13, 2002. \
)Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 290.33546 Tm
(95)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 286.49547 Tm
(The interview, conducted by )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Parade)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( magazine, is available at )Tj
ET
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557.87 284.33546 l
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(http://www.defenselink.)Tj
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(mil/news/nov2001/t11182001_t1012pm.html)Tj
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( )Tj
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567.625 232.49091 l
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(CHAPTER THREE)Tj
16.15384 0 0 16.15384 52.04231 149.0751 Tm
(FLIGHT 93: WAS IT THE ONE FLIGHT THAT WAS SHOT DOWN?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 111.84932 Tm
(The main problem raised by the first three flights\227aside from the que\
stion of the identity )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(of the aircraft that hit the Pentagon\227was the fact that aircraft that\
)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(should )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(have been shot )Tj
T*
(down were )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(The fate of UA Flight 93, say critics, presents us with the opposite )Tj
T*
(problem: A plane that should )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(have been shot down )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(was. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Paul Thompson's timeline )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(provides evidence from which he draws this conclusion. )Tj
ET
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(The crucial items in the first part of this timeline are the following: \
Flight 93 departed )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(from Newark 41 minutes late, at 8:42 AM. At 9:27, one passenger, Tom Bur\
nett, called )Tj
T*
(his wife, telling her that the plane had been hijacked and that she shou\
ld call the FBI, )Tj
T*
(which she did. At 9:28, ground flight controllers heard sounds of scream\
ing and )Tj
T*
(scuffling. At 9:34, Tom Burnett again called his wife, who told him abou\
t the attacks on )Tj
T*
(the WTC, leading him to realize that his own plane was on "a suicide mis\
sion." At 9:36, )Tj
T*
(the plane turned toward Washington. At 9:37, Jeremy Glick and two other \
passengers )Tj
T*
(learned about the WTC attacks.)Tj
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(>)Tj
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(1 At 9:45, Tom Burnett told his wife that he did not )Tj
-12.636 -1.33333 Td
(think, contrary to the hijackers' claim, that they had a bomb, and that \
he and others were )Tj
T*
(making a plan. By this time, which was 19 minutes before the plane went \
down, the FBI )Tj
T*
(was monitoring these calls. At 9:45, with the FBI listening in, passenge\
r Todd Beamer )Tj
T*
(began a long phone conversation with a Verizon representative, describin\
g the situation )Tj
T*
(on board.)Tj
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83.03 562.56284 m
91.49001 562.56284 l
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15 0 0 15 83.03 564.72284 Tm
(>)Tj
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(2 Shortly after 9:47, Jeremy Click told his wife that all the men had vo\
ted to )Tj
-3.77699 -1.33333 Td
(attack the hijackers, adding that the latter had only knives, no guns \(\
which would, in )Tj
T*
(combination with the conviction that the hijackers did not really have a\
bomb, have )Tj
T*
(increased the passengers' belief that they could be successful\).)Tj
ET
399.395 506.56284 m
407.855 506.56284 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 399.395 508.72284 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(3 At 9:54, Tom Burnett )Tj
-24.868 -1.33333 Td
(called his wife again. According to early reports, he said: "I know we'r\
e all going to die. )Tj
T*
(There's three of uswho are going to do something about it.")Tj
ET
382.235 468.56284 m
390.69501 468.56284 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(4 However, according to a )Tj
-23.724 -1.33333 Td
(later more complete account, he sounded more optimistic, saying: "It's u\
p to us. I think )Tj
T*
(we can do it," adding that they were planning to gain control of the pla\
ne over a rural )Tj
T*
(area.)Tj
ET
55.10001 412.56284 m
63.56 412.56284 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 55.10001 414.72284 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(5 )Tj
-1.91499 -2.60001 Td
(The following incidents in Thompson's timeline suggest to him that the p\
lane was shot )Tj
T*
(down after it became evident that the passengers \227 among whom were a \
professional )Tj
T*
(pilot and a flight controller )Tj
ET
191.78 337.56284 m
200.24001 337.56284 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 191.78 339.72284 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(6 \227 might gain control of the plane. At 9:57, one of the )Tj
-11.02699 -1.33333 Td
(hijackers was heard saying that there was fighting outside the cockpit. \
A voice from )Tj
T*
(outside said: "Let's get them." At 9:58, Todd Beamer ended his phone cal\
l by saying that )Tj
T*
(the passengers planned "to jump" the hijacker in the back of the plane, \
then uttered his )Tj
T*
(famous words: "Are you ready guys? Let's roll.")Tj
ET
316.265 263.56284 m
324.72501 263.56284 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 316.265 265.72284 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(7 At 9:58, a passenger talking on the )Tj
-19.326 -1.33333 Td
(phone to her husband said: "I think they're going to do it. They're forc\
ing their way into )Tj
T*
(the cockpit." A little later, she exclaimed: "They're doing it! They're \
doing it! They're )Tj
T*
(doing it!" But her husband then heard screaming in the background follow\
ed by a )Tj
T*
("whooshing sound, a sound like wind," then more screaming, after which h\
e lost contact.)Tj
ET
26.375 171.56284 m
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0 0 1 rg
BT
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15 0 0 15 26.375 173.72284 Tm
(>)Tj
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(8 Another passenger, calling from a restroom, reportedly said just befor\
e contact was )Tj
0 -1.33333 TD
(lost that he heard "some sort of explosion" and saw "white smoke coming \
from the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(plane.")Tj
ET
68.735 133.56284 m
77.19501 133.56284 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 68.735 135.72284 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(9 \(Months later, the FBI denied that the recording of this call contain\
ed any )Tj
-2.82401 -1.33333 Td
(mention of smoke or an explosion, but the person who took this call was \
not allowed to )Tj
T*
(speak to the media.)Tj
ET
142.19 95.56284 m
150.64999 95.56284 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 142.19 97.72284 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(10\) The person listening to Jeremy Click's open phone line )Tj
-7.72099 -1.33333 Td
(reportedly said: "The silence lasted two minutes and then there was a me\
chanical sound, )Tj
T*
(followed by more screams. Finally, there was a mechanical sound, followe\
d by )Tj
T*
(nothing.")Tj
ET
82.08501 39.56284 m
90.545 39.56284 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 82.08501 41.72284 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(11 According to one newspaper report, moreover: "Sources claim the last \
)Tj
ET
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0 i
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
0 Tc 0 Tw 0 Ts 100 Tz 0 Tr 15 0 0 15 26.375 801.72284 Tm
(thing heard on the cockpit voice recorder is the sound of wind \227 sugg\
esting the plane )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(had been holed.")Tj
ET
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(12 Thompson believes that this record shows that the plane was indeed )Tj
-6.71201 -1.33333 Td
("holed" \227 shot down by a missile or two \227 after it seemed that the\
passengers were )Tj
T*
(gaining control of it. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Thompson is also suspicious about the tape of the cockpit recording and \
the official crash )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(time. Relatives of victims have been allowed to listen to this tape. It \
begins at 9:31 and )Tj
T*
(runs for 31 minutes, so that it ends at 10:02. This would be close to th\
e time of the crash )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(\227 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(if)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( the crash occurred at 10:03, as the US government claims. However, a se\
ismic study )Tj
T*
(concluded that the crash occurred slightly after 10:06, leading the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Philadelphia Daily )Tj
T*
(News )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(to print an article entitled "Three-Minute Discrepancy in Tape." Thompso\
n asks: )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
("What happened to the last three or four minutes of this tape?")Tj
ET
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409.925 598.43636 l
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(13 And this was not, )Tj
-25.006 -1.33333 Td
(Thompson reports, the only record of this flight that was missing. On Oc\
tober 16, the )Tj
T*
(government released flight control transcripts of the airplanes \227 exc\
ept for Flight 93.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(14 )Tj
-34.3 -2.60001 Td
(With regard to the suspicion that the plane was shot down, it is signifi\
cant that according )Tj
T*
(to news reports, it was shortly after 9:56 that fighter jets were finall\
y given orders to )Tj
T*
(intercept and shoot down any airplanes under the control of hijackers.)Tj
ET
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453.5 485.43636 l
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(>)Tj
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(15 Shortly )Tj
-27.911 -1.33333 Td
(thereafter, a military aide reportedly said to Vice President Cheney: "T\
here is a plane 80 )Tj
T*
(miles out. There is a fighter in the area. Should we engage?", to which \
Cheney responded )Tj
T*
("Yes," after which an F-16 went in pursuit of Flight 93.)Tj
ET
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367.88 429.43636 l
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BT
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(>)Tj
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(16 It was also reported that as )Tj
-22.203 -1.33333 Td
(the fighter got nearer to Flight 93, Cheney was asked two more times to \
confirm that the )Tj
T*
(fighter should engage, which Cheney did.)Tj
ET
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285.215 391.43636 l
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0 0 1 rg
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(17 Also, Brigadier General Winfield of the )Tj
-16.692 -1.33333 Td
(NMCC later said: "At some point, the closure time came and went, and not\
hing )Tj
T*
(happened, so you can imagine everything was very tense at the NMCC.")Tj
ET
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470.465 353.43636 l
S
0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
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(>)Tj
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(18 )Tj
-29.04201 -1.33333 Td
(Furthermore, when President Bush was told of the crash of Flyght 93 at 1\
0:08, he )Tj
T*
(reportedly asked: "Did we shoot it town or did it crash?")Tj
ET
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0 0 1 rg
BT
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(19 These reports, which are )Tj
-22.591 -1.33333 Td
(contained in Thompsons timeline, suggest to him that the intention to sh\
oot down Flight )Tj
T*
(93 was in several minds. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Reports of fighter jets in the area add to his suspicion that Flight 93 \
was indeed shot )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(down. Shortly before the crash, CBS television reported that two F-16 fi\
ghters were )Tj
T*
(tailing the flight. And a flight controller, ignoring an order to contro\
llers not to talk to the )Tj
T*
(media, reportedly said that "an F-16 fighter closely pursued Flight 93..\
.. [T]he F-16 made )Tj
T*
(360-degree turns to remain close to the commercial jet.")Tj
ET
363.67999 168.43636 m
372.14 168.43636 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(20 The existence of a fighter )Tj
-22.487 -1.33333 Td
(plane in the area is supported, furthermore, by many witnesses on the gr\
ound. Accorting )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(to a story in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Independent, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
("At least half a dozen named individuals...have reported )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seeing a second plane flying low...over the crash site within minutes of\
the United flight )Tj
T*
(crashing. They describe the plane as a small, white jet with rear engine\
s and no )Tj
T*
(discernible markings.")Tj
ET
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170.105 76.3942 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(21 The FBI claimed that the plane was a Fairchild Falcon 20 )Tj
-9.01801 -1.33333 Td
(business jet.)Tj
ET
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108.17 56.3942 l
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(22 But, said one woman: )Tj
ET
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0 0 595 842 re
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BT
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(It was white with no markings but it was definitely military... It had t\
wo )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(rear engines, a big fin on the back like a spoiler.... It definitely was\
n't one of )Tj
T*
(those executive jets. The FBI came and talked to me andsaid there was no\
)Tj
T*
(plane around.... But I saw it and it was there before the crash and it w\
as 40 )Tj
T*
(feet above my head. They did not want story.)Tj
ET
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(23)Tj
-20.77467 -1.75281 Td
(Her assertion, which is supported by the consensus reported by the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Independent, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(is )Tj
T*
(further supported by statements quoted by Thompson in which several othe\
r people say )Tj
T*
(that they had seen a white plane, with some of them adding the details a\
bout rear engines )Tj
T*
(and the lack of discernible markings. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Even stronger evidence that the plane was shot down is provided by witne\
sses who heard )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sounds. One witness said that after she heard the planes engine, she hea\
rd "a loud thump" )Tj
T*
(and then "two more loud thumps and didn't hear the plane's engine anymor\
e." Another )Tj
T*
(witness heard "a loud bang." Another heard "two loud bangs" before watch\
ing the plane )Tj
T*
(take a downward turn. Another heard a sound that "wasn't quite right," a\
fter which the )Tj
T*
(plane "dropped all of a sudden, like a stone." Another heard a "loud ban\
g" and then saw )Tj
T*
(the plane's right wing dip, after which the plane plunged into the earth\
. And the mayor of )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Shanksville )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\(Ernie Stull, see the german Wisnewski video Aktenzeichen 911\))Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( reportedly )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(said that he knew of two people who "heard a missile," adding that one o\
f them "served )Tj
T*
(in Vietnam and he says he's heard them." Thompson concludes that while s\
ome of the )Tj
T*
(accounts have conflicting elements, they "virtually all support a missil\
e strike.")Tj
ET
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510.36501 428.05988 l
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BT
/TT0 1 Tf
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(24 )Tj
-31.702 -2.60001 Td
(This conclusion is undergirded still further by reports about the locati\
on of remnants )Tj
T*
(from the plane. For one thing, a half-ton piece or one of the engines wa\
s reportedly found )Tj
T*
(over a mile away. One newspaper story called this fact "intriguing" beca\
use "the heat-)Tj
T*
(seeking, air-to-air Sidewinder missiles aboard an F-16 would likely targ\
et one of the )Tj
T*
(Boeing 757's two large engines.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(25 Also consistent with one or more missile strikes, )Tj
-13.17 -1.33333 Td
(Thompson points out, is the fact that witnesses reported seeing burning \
debris fall from )Tj
T*
(the plane as far as eight miles away, with workers at Indian Lake Marina\
saying that they )Tj
T*
(saw "a cloud of confetti-like debris descend on the lake and nearby farm\
s minutes after )Tj
T*
(hearing the explosion.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(26 And debris, including what appeared to be human remains, )Tj
-9.26801 -1.33333 Td
(was indeed reportedly found as far as eight miles from the crash site.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(27 )Tj
-27.522 -2.60001 Td
(The inference that Flight 93 was shot down is additionally supported by \
subsequent )Tj
T*
(statements made by military and government officials. One F-15 pilot rep\
ortedly said )Tj
T*
(that after returning from his assignment to patrol the skies over NYC in\
the early )Tj
T*
(afternoon, he was told that a military F-16 had shot down a fourth airli\
ner in )Tj
T*
(Pennsylvania.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(28 This rumor was sufficiently widespread that when General Myers was )Tj
-5.58299 -1.33333 Td
(being interviewed by the Armed Services Committee on September 13, Senat\
or Carl )Tj
T*
(Levin, asking Myers whether the Defense Department took action against a\
ny aircraft, )Tj
T*
(mentioned that "there have been statements that the aircraft that crashe\
d in Pennsylvania )Tj
T*
(was shot down," adding: "Those stories continue to exist." Although Myer\
s declared that )Tj
ET
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("the armed forces did not shoot down any aircraft,")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(29 Paul Wolfowitz, Deputy )Tj
-20.506 -1.33333 Td
(Secretary of Defense, reportedly said that "the Air Force was tracking t\
he hijacked plane )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that crashed in Pennsylvania...and had been in a position to bring it do\
wn if )Tj
T*
(necessary.")Tj
ET
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103.00999 744.05988 l
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(30 )Tj
-4.545 -2.60281 Td
(Thompson believes that the government decided that it )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(was )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(necessary \227 but )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(because )Tj
T*
(the hijackers' mission was going to succeed. Thompson asks why fighter p\
ilots were )Tj
T*
(given authorization to shoot down hijacked airplanes only after Flight 9\
3 was the only )Tj
T*
(one left in the sky.)Tj
ET
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146.075 651.01772 l
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0 0 0 rg
(31 This is, of course, the disturbing question raised by the evidence )Tj
-7.416 -1.33333 Td
(Thompson presents about this flight. His implicit answer, given the evid\
ence that the )Tj
T*
(passengers were successfully wresting control of the plane away from the\
hijackers, is )Tj
T*
(that this was the one plane that was likely to be landed safely \227 whi\
ch would, among )Tj
T*
(other things, mean that there might be live hijackers to be interrogated\
. Thus interpreted, )Tj
T*
(the evidence about Flight 93 provides further reason to conclude that th\
e failure to shoot )Tj
0 -1.20282 TD
(down the previous three flights was )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(due to incompetence. This evidence suggests that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(when the authorities wanted a flight shot down, they were not hindered b\
y lack of either )Tj
T*
(competence or coordination. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(The evidence from this flight suggests, like the previous ones, active i\
nvolvement of US )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(military leaders in planning the attacks. In this case, they apparendy a\
lso had to take )Tj
T*
(remedial action because of an unexpected development. With regard to the\
possible )Tj
T*
(levels of official complicity listed in the Introduction: Insofar as the\
revisionary account )Tj
T*
(of Flight 93 \(and/or Flight 77\) is accepted, all the possible views lo\
wer than the fifth one )Tj
T*
(are ruled out. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(An intriguing dimension of this story is that Flight 93's fate was evide\
ntly due to the fact )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that it was 41 minutes late departing from the airport. All four flights\
were scheduled to )Tj
T*
(leave at about the same time and were hence probably intended to hit the\
ir respective )Tj
T*
(targets at about the same time. The other three planes were fairly well \
synchronized )Tj
T*
(departing only between 10 and 16 minutes late. But because Flight 93's d\
eparture was 41 )Tj
T*
(minutes late, by the time the hijackers took control of it the two plane\
s headed toward the )Tj
T*
(WTC had already hit their targets Passengers making phone calls from Fli\
ght 93 learned, )Tj
T*
(therefore, that their flight was on a suicide mission. Unlike the passen\
gers on the two )Tj
T*
(flights headed for the WTC, accordingly, the passengers on Flight 93, kn\
owing that they )Tj
T*
(were headed for certain death if they remained passive, decided to try t\
o gain control of )Tj
T*
(the plane.)Tj
ET
84.69501 160.97556 m
93.155 160.97556 l
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0 0 1 rg
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/TT0 1 Tf
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(32 Had the plane not been so late leaving, the passengers may not have t\
ried )Tj
-3.888 -1.33333 Td
(this, so this plane might also have hit its target. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Had it hit its target, furthermore, we might well look back upon Flight \
93s mission as in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(some respects the most devastating one. Evacuation of the US Capitol bui\
lding did not )Tj
T*
(begin until 9:48, which was 23 minutes after an unidentified aircraft ha\
d been spotted )Tj
T*
(flying across Washington and 10 minutes after it had hit the Pentagon. W\
hat if Flight 93 )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(had been more nearly on time? Thompson says: "It is later reported that \
the target for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Flight 93 was the Capitol building, so had that flight not been delayed \
40 minutes before )Tj
T*
(takeoff, it is possible most senators and congresspeople would have been\
killed.")Tj
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(33 )Tj
-32.37601 -1.33333 Td
(Thompson is perhaps trying to motivate them to undertake a more far-reac\
hing )Tj
T*
(investigation into the events of 9/11. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Also, given the fact that the other main hypothesis about Flight 93'sint\
ended target is that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(it was the White House, critics also wonder why it was not evacuated soo\
ner. According )Tj
T*
(to many news reports, both Vice President Cheney and National Security A\
dvisor Rice )Tj
T*
(were taken to the White House's underground bunker by the Secret Service\
at about 9:03. )Tj
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(34 However, it was over 40 minutes later, at 9:45, when a general evacua\
tion of the )Tj
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(White House was begun.)Tj
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(35 If it was thought at 9:03 that Cheney and Rice were in )Tj
-9.998 -1.33333 Td
(danger, why were not the other people told to leave at that time? At the\
very least, why )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was the White House not evacuated shortly after 9:25, when the air traff\
ic controllers at )Tj
T*
(Dulles reported a fast-flying plane headed toward the White House? This \
question is )Tj
T*
(even more pressing insofar as the official account of Flight 77 is accep\
ted, according to )Tj
T*
(which the passengers were told that they were all going to the because t\
he plane was )Tj
T*
(going to crash into the White House.)Tj
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(36 Had that been true, people working in the White )Tj
-14.69299 -1.33333 Td
(House, instead of people working in the Pentagon, would have been killed\
, since the )Tj
T*
(evacuation of the White House did not begin until seven minutes after th\
e Pentagon was )Tj
T*
(struck. We have, accordingly, still another disturbing question: Was the\
re a plan to have )Tj
T*
(deaths in the White House or the US Capitol Building as well as the Pent\
agon and the )Tj
T*
(World Trade Center? )Tj
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( )Tj
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(FOOTNOTES for Chapter 3)Tj
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(hint: )Tj
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(press the BACK-button on your browser to jump back to the original text-\
location)Tj
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( )Tj
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(1)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 231.03688 Tm
(Thompson, "September 11" \(8:42 AM\), \(9:27 AM\), \(9:36 AM\), and \(9:\
37 AM\). )Tj
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(2)Tj
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(Thompson, 9:45 AM. )Tj
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(3)Tj
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(Thompson, 9:47 AM. Thompson says that)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
( )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(of the numerous calls, only the first call \(9:27 )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(AM\) from Tom Burnett mentioned guns\227and this only in one of the vers\
ions, a fact that )Tj
T*
(suggests that it may have been doctored. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 140.25414 Tm
(4)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 136.41414 Tm
(9:54 AM, quoting )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Toronto Sun, September )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(16, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston Globe, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 23,2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 120.71323 Tm
(5)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 116.87323 Tm
(9:54 AM, quoting Jere Longman, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Among the Heroes: United Flight 93 and the )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(Passengers and Crew Who Fought Back )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York HarperCollins, 2002\), 118. )Tj
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(6)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 79.29015 Tm
(\(Between 10:00-10:06 AM\). )Tj
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(7)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 59.74924 Tm
(9:58 AM. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 44.04832 Tm
(8)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 40.20833 Tm
(9:58 AM, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 28, 2002, and Longman, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Among )Tj
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(the Heroes, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(180. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 786.46526 Tm
(9)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 782.62524 Tm
(9:58 AM, quoting ABC News, September 11, and Associated Press, September\
)Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(12,2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 748.92433 Tm
(10)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 745.08434 Tm
(9:58 AM, citing Longman, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Among the Heroes, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(264, and )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mirror, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 13, 2002, )Tj
12 0 0 12 555.005 748.92433 Tm
(11)Tj
15 0 0 15 26.375 727.04218 Tm
(\(Between 10:00-10:06 AM\), quoting )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(San Francisco Chronicle, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 17, 2001. )Tj
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(12)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 707.50127 Tm
(\(Between 10:00-10:06 AM\), quoting )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mirror, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 13, 2002. )Tj
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(13)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 687.96036 Tm
(10:03 AM, citing )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Philadelphia Daify News, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 16, 2002. )Tj
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(14)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 668.41943 Tm
(Thompson, Timeline," October 16, 2001 \(B\), citing )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(October 16,2001. )Tj
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(15)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 648.87852 Tm
(Thompson \(After 9:56 AM\), citing )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(USA Today, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 16, 2001, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(January 27, 2002, and ABC News, September 11, 2002. )Tj
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(16)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 611.33762 Tm
(\(After 9:56-10:06 AM\), citing )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Pittsburg, Post-Gazette, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(October 28, 2001, and )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(January 27, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 577.59454 Tm
(17)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 573.75453 Tm
(\(After 9:56-10:06 AM\), citing )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(January 27, 2002. )Tj
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(18)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 554.21362 Tm
(\(After 9:56-10:06 AM\), quoting ABC News, September 15, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 538.51271 Tm
(19)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 534.67271 Tm
(\(10:08 AM\), quoting )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(January 27, 2002. )Tj
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(20)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 515.13181 Tm
(\(Before 10:06 AM\), quoting Associated Press and )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Nashua Telegraph, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(both September )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(13,2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 481.43088 Tm
(21)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 477.59088 Tm
(\(Before and After 10:06 AM\), quoting )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Independent, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(August 13, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 461.88997 Tm
(22)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 458.04997 Tm
(\(Before and After 10:06 AM\), citing )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Indepedent, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(August 13, 2002. )Tj
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(23)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 438.50906 Tm
(\(Before and After 10:06 AM\), quoting )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Mirror, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 13, 2002. )Tj
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(24)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 418.96814 Tm
(\(Before 10:06 AM\), citing )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Philadelphia. Daily News, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(November 15; )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Pittsburgh Post-)Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Gazette, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 12; )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(St. Petersburg Times, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 12; and Cleveland )Tj
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(Newschannel 5, September 11,2001. )Tj
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(25)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 363.38507 Tm
(\(Before 10:06 AM\), citing )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Independent, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(August 13, 2002, and quoting )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Philadelphia )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Daily News, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(November 15, 2001. )Tj
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(26)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 325.802 Tm
(\(Before 10:06 AM\), citing Reuters, September 13, and )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(and )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(quoting )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 13, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 292.05893 Tm
(27)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 288.21892 Tm
(\(Before 10:06 AM\), quoting Reuters, September 13, 2001, and CBS News, \
May 23, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 254.51801 Tm
(28)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 250.67801 Tm
(\(2:00 PM\), citing )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Aviation Week and Space Technology, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(June 3, and )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Cape Cod Times, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(August 21, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 216.9771 Tm
(29)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 213.1371 Tm
(This interchange is quoted in )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(162. )Tj
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(30)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 193.59619 Tm
(Ahmed, 160, quoting )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Boston Herald, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 15, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 177.89528 Tm
(31)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 174.05527 Tm
(Thompson \(After 9:56 AM\). )Tj
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(32)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 154.51436 Tm
(We do not know about the passengers on Flight 77. Revisionists can specu\
late that they )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(too tried to gain control of their plane, which could explain its moment\
ary deviation from )Tj
T*
(course as well as its crash in Ohio or Kentucky\227if that indeed is wha\
t happened to it. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 102.81345 Tm
(33)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 98.97345 Tm
(Thompson, 9:48 AM, citing Associated Press, August 19, 2002. That might \
have been )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(the case, of course, only if both the Senate and the House were in sessi\
on so that most )Tj
T*
(senators and representatives would have been in the Capitol Building. )Tj
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(34)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
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(New York Times, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(September 16, 2001, and ABC News, September 11 and 14, 2002, )Tj
ET
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(cited in Thompson \(After 9:03 AM\). )Tj
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(CNN and )Tj
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(New York Times, )Tj
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(September 12, 2001, and )Tj
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(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 27, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2002, cited in Thompson \(9:45 AM\). )Tj
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(36)Tj
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(Scotland Sunday Herald, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 16, and Cox News, October 21, 2001, cited in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Thompson \(9:30 AM\). )Tj
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(CHAPTER FOUR)Tj
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(THE PRESIDENT'S BEHAVIOR: WHY DID HE ACT AS HE DID?)Tj
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(Disturbing questions about the official account have been raised not onl\
y by the four )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(aircraft crashes of 9/11 but also by President Bush's behavior on that d\
ay. Although the )Tj
T*
(questions that critics have raised about that behavior are legion, I wil\
l focus on those that )Tj
T*
(seem most disturbing. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(The president's schedule that day called for him to visit an elementary \
school in Sarasota, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Florida, where he was to listen to students read as a "photo opportunity\
." He arrived at )Tj
T*
(the school shortly before 9:00 AM, at which time, according to at least \
one version of the )Tj
T*
(official account, he was told that a plane had flown into the WTC. Since\
it was by then )Tj
T*
(known that this plane as well as two others had been hijacked, one would\
assume, critics )Tj
T*
(point out, that the president would also know this. Allan Wood and Paul \
Thompson state )Tj
T*
(the problem thus: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46666 Td
(The first media reports of Flight 11's crash into the World Trade Center\
)Tj
T*
(began around 8:48, two minutes after the crash happened. CNN broke into \
)Tj
T*
(its regular programming at that time.... So within minutes, millions wer\
e )Tj
T*
(aware of the story, yet Bush supposedly remained unaware for about )Tj
T*
(another ten minutes.)Tj
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(Critics find this difficult to believe. )Tj
T*
(The members of the president s traveling staff, including the Secret Ser\
vice, argues )Tj
T*
(Barrie Zwicker, "have the best communications equipment in the world." A\
ccordingly, )Tj
T*
(says Zwicker, within a minute after the first airliner hit the World Tra\
de Center, the )Tj
T*
(Secret Service and the president would have known about it.)Tj
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(2 In fact, Thompson points )Tj
-24.218 -1.33333 Td
(out, Vice President Cheney evidendy let the cat out of the bag. During h\
is interview on )Tj
T*
("Meet the Press" on September 16, Cheney said: "The Secret Service has a\
n arrangement )Tj
T*
(with the FAA. They had open lines after the World Trade Center was..."\227\
stopping )Tj
T*
(himself, Thompson adds, before finishing the sentence.)Tj
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(3 So, the Secret Service )Tj
-22.136 -1.33333 Td
(personnel in the presidents motorcade, including the ones in his own car\
, would have )Tj
T*
(known about the first attack on the WTC before the motorcade arrived at \
the school at )Tj
T*
(9:00. Indeed, it is even part of the official account that Ari Fleischer\
, the White House )Tj
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(press secretary, learned about the first attack on the way. Having cited\
that story, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Thompson adds: "It would make sense that Bush is told about the crash im\
mediately and )Tj
T*
(at the same time that others hear about it. Yet Bush and others claim he\
isn't told until he )Tj
T*
(arrives at the school." Thompsons implied question, of course, is that i\
f President Bush )Tj
T*
(knew about the crash before arriving at the school, why did he and other\
s pretend )Tj
T*
(otherwise? )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(The vice presidents inadvertent revelation about the open lines between \
the Secret )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Service and the FAA creates an even greater difficulty, critics point ou\
t, for another part )Tj
T*
(of the official account. Upon learning that a plane had hit the WTC, Pre\
sident Bush )Tj
T*
(reportedly referred to the crash as a "horrible accident.")Tj
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(4 However, Zwicker's complete )Tj
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(statement, only partially summarized above, includes the point that by t\
hat time, the )Tj
T*
(Secret Service and the president would have known that several airliners\
had been )Tj
T*
(hijacked. So how could President Bush have assumed that the first crash \
into the WTC )Tj
T*
(was an accident? Giving voice to the disturbing question raised by this \
story, Thompson )Tj
T*
(asks: "[Are] Bush and his aides putting on a charade to pretend he doesn\
't know there is a )Tj
T*
(national emergency? If so, why?")Tj
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(In any case, the president was then reportedly updated on the situation \
via telephone by )Tj
T*
(his National Security Advisor, Condoleezza Rice, who would presumably ha\
ve made )Tj
T*
(sure that he knew not only about all the hijackings but also that the Di\
rector of the CIA, )Tj
T*
(George Tenet, had already concluded that the hijackings were orchestrate\
d by Osama bin )Tj
T*
(Laden to carry out terrorist attacks.)Tj
ET
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(6 But the president reportedly told the school's )Tj
-14.052 -1.33333 Td
(principal that "a commercial plane has hit the World Trade Center and we\
're going to go )Tj
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(ahead and...do the reading thing anyway.")Tj
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(Critics find this incredible. If the hijackings were unanticipated occur\
rences, as claimed, )Tj
T*
(with one of the hijacked airplanes having already completed its terroris\
t mission, the )Tj
T*
(country was suffering the worst terrorist attack of its history. And yet\
the Commander in )Tj
T*
(Chief, rather than making sure that his military was prepared to shoot d\
own all hijacked )Tj
T*
(planes, sticks to his planned schedule. The strangeness of this behavior\
is brought out )Tj
T*
(well in a summary of the situation by Wood and Thompson: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(At approximately 8:48 AM...,the first pictures of the burning World Trad\
e )Tj
T*
(Center were broadcast on live television.... By that time, the Federal )Tj
T*
(Aviation Administration \(FAA\), the North American Aerospace Defense )Tj
T*
(Command \(NORAD\), the National Military Command Center, the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon, the White House, the Secret Service, and Canada's Strategic )Tj
T*
(Command all knew that three commercial airplanes had been hijacked. )Tj
T*
(They knew that one plane had been flown deliberately into the World Trad\
e )Tj
T*
(Center's North Tower; a second plane was wildly off course and also )Tj
T*
(heading toward Manhattan.... So why, at 9:03 AM\227fifteen minutes after\
it )Tj
ET
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(was clear the United States was under terrorist attack\227did President \
Bush )Tj
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(sit down with a classroom of second-graders and begin a 20-minute pre-)Tj
T*
(planned photo op?)Tj
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(Bush's behavior is made even more astounding by the fact that his Secret\
Service would )Tj
T*
(have had to assume that he was one of the intended targets. Indeed, one \
Secret Service )Tj
T*
(agent, seeing the television coverage of the crash of the second airline\
r into the WTC, )Tj
T*
(reportedly said: "We're out of here.")Tj
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(9 But if one of the agents actually said this, he was )Tj
-14.492 -1.33333 Td
(obviously overruled. At the same time, by contrast, Cheney and Rice were\
reportedly )Tj
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(being rushed to bunkers under the White House.)Tj
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(10 And yet, "For some reason, Secret )Tj
-19.33 -1.33614 Td
(Service agents [do] not hustle [Bush] away," comments the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Globe and Mail )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(''Why doesn't )Tj
T*
(this happen to Bush at the same time?" Thompson asks. "Why doesn't the S\
ecret Service )Tj
T*
(move Bush away from his known location?")Tj
ET
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(11 The reason for pressing this question is )Tj
-17.795 -1.33333 Td
(that, as Wood and Thompson point out: "Hijackers could have crashed a pl\
ane into )Tj
T*
(Bush's publicized location and his security would have been completely h\
elpless to stop )Tj
T*
(it.")Tj
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(12 )Tj
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(This apparently unconcerned behavior, critics point out, continued for a\
lmost an hour. )Tj
T*
(The intelligence expert James Bamford has written: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
([H]aving just been told that the country was under attack, the Commander\
)Tj
T*
(in Chief appeared uninterested in further details. He never asked if the\
re )Tj
T*
(had been any additional threats, where the artacks were coming from, how\
)Tj
T*
(to best protect me country from further attacks.... Instead, in the midd\
le of a )Tj
T*
(modern-day Pearl Harbor, he simply turned back to the matter at hand: th\
e )Tj
T*
(day's photo op. )Tj
ET
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(This photo opportunity involved, as indicated above, the president's lis\
tening to second )Tj
T*
(graders read a book about a pet goat. After Bush had been in the classro\
om a few )Tj
T*
(minutes, his chief of staff, Andrew Card came in and whispered in his ea\
r, reportedly )Tj
T*
(telling him about the second attack. But the president, after a brief pa\
use, had the )Tj
T*
(children go ahead with the reading demonstration. To emphasize the stran\
geness of this )Tj
T*
(behavior, Bamford adds this reflection: )Tj
T*
(As President Bush continued with his reading lesson, life within the bur\
ning towers of )Tj
T*
(the World Trade Center was becoming ever more desperate.... Within minut\
es, people )Tj
T*
(began jumping, preferring a quick death to burning alive or suffocating.\
)Tj
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(While this was going on, the president was listening to the students rea\
d: "The-Pet-Goat. )Tj
T*
(A-girl-got-a-pet-goat. But-the-goat-did-some-things-that-made-the-girls-\
dad-mad." After )Tj
T*
(listening to this for several minutes, President Bush made a joke, sayin\
g: "Really good )Tj
T*
(readers, whew! These must be sixth graders!")Tj
ET
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(Another person who has found the contrast between the presidents behavio\
r and what )Tj
T*
(was happening in New York troubling is Lorie van Auken, whose husband wa\
s one of )Tj
ET
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(the victims of the attacks on the towers. Having obtained the video of t\
he presidents )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(session with the children, she watched it over and over, saying later: "\
I couldn't stop )Tj
T*
(watching the president sitting there, listening to second graders, while\
my husband was )Tj
T*
(burning in a building." Also, noting that the president had just been to\
ld by an advisor )Tj
T*
(that the country was under attack, she wondered how the president could \
make a joke.)Tj
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(16 )Tj
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(Besides joking, the president lingered, not at all acting like a command\
er in chief with an )Tj
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(emergency on his hands. Indeed, according to a book called )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Fighting Back )Tj
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(by the White )Tj
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(House correspondent for the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Bill Sammon\227a book that presents the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
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ly )Tj
T*
(sympathetic account of the president )Tj
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(17\227Bush was "openly stretching out the )Tj
-14.914 -1.33333 Td
(moment." When the lesson was over, according to Sammon's account, Bush s\
aid: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Hoo! These are great readers. Very impressive! Thank you all so much for\
)Tj
T*
(showing me your reading skills. I bet they practice too. Don't you? Read\
ing )Tj
T*
(more than they watch TV? Anybody do that? Read more than you watch )Tj
T*
(TV? [Hands go up] Oh that's great! Very good. Very important to practice\
! )Tj
T*
(Thanks for having me. Very impressed. )Tj
ET
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(Bush then continued to talk, advising the children to stay in school and\
be good citizens. )Tj
T*
(And in response to a question, he talked about his education policy." Sa\
mmon describes )Tj
T*
(Bush as smiling and chatting with the children "as if he didn't have a c\
are in the world" )Tj
T*
(and "in the most relaxed manner imaginable." After a reporter asked if t\
he president had )Tj
T*
(heard about what had happened in New York, Bush said, "I'll talk about i\
t later," then, in )Tj
T*
(Sammons words, "stepped forward and shook hands with [the classroom teac\
her] )Tj
T*
(Daniels, slipping his left hand behind her in another photo-op pose. He \
was taking his )Tj
T*
(good old time.... Bush lingered until the press was gone." Sammon, in fa\
ct, refers to the )Tj
T*
(president as "the dawdler in chief.")Tj
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(20 )Tj
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(Amazingly, perhaps stung by the criticisms of the president's behavior, \
the White House )Tj
T*
(put out a different account a year later. Andrew Card, Bush's chief of s\
taff, was quoted as )Tj
T*
(saying that after he told the president about the second attack on the W\
orld Trade Center, )Tj
T*
(Bush "excused himself very politely to the teacher and to the students" \
and left the )Tj
T*
(classroom within "a matter of seconds.")Tj
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(21 In an alternative wording of the new story, )Tj
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(Card said, "Not that many seconds later the president excused himself fr\
om the )Tj
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(classroom.")Tj
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(22 Apparently, say critics, the White House was so confident that none o\
f )Tj
-4.713 -1.33333 Td
(its lies about 9/11 would be challenged by the media that it felt safe t\
elling this one even )Tj
T*
(though it is flatly contradicted by Sammons pro-Bush book and by the vid\
eo tape )Tj
T*
(produced that day, which, as Wood and Thompson put it, "shows these stat\
ements are lies)Tj
T*
(\227unless 'a matter of seconds' means over 700 seconds!"23 )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In any case, back to real history, the president finally left the classr\
oom at 9:16 to meet )Tj
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(with his advisors, reportedly to prepare his television address to the n\
ation, which he )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(delivered at 9:29. Thompson comments: "The talk occurs at exactly the ti\
me and place )Tj
T*
(stated in his publicly announced advance schedule\227making Bush a possi\
ble terrorist )Tj
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(target.")Tj
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(24 And not only Bush. When Andrew Card and Karl Rove were later asked wh\
y )Tj
-2.935 -1.33333 Td
(the president had not left the classroom as soon as he had word of the s\
econd attack, their )Tj
T*
(answer, Wood and Thompson point out, was that he did not want to upset t\
he children. )Tj
T*
(But, they ask, "why didn't Bush's concern for the children extend to not\
making them and )Tj
T*
(the rest of the 200 or so people at the school terrorist targets?")Tj
ET
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(25 Might the answer be )Tj
-24.84801 -1.33333 Td
(that Bush knew that there was really no danger? )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In any case, the president and his people then went in their scheduled m\
otorcade on their )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(scheduled route to the airport, during which they reportedly learned tha\
t the Pentagon )Tj
T*
(had been struck and also heard that the president's plane, Air Force One\
, was a terrorist )Tj
T*
(target. Nevertheless no military escort was ordered. "Amazingly," says T\
hompson, "his )Tj
T*
(plane takes off without any fighters protecting it,")Tj
ET
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(26 This seems especially surprising )Tj
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(given the feet that there were still over 3,000 planes in the air over t\
he United States and )Tj
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(there was no way to know at that time how many airlines had been hijacke\
d. For )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(example, about an hour later, Thompson reports, the FAA had said that th\
ere were )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(six )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
T*
(missing aircraft\227 a figure that Cheney subsequendy mentioned\227and a\
t one time )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(eleven )Tj
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0 -1.2 TD
(flights were suspected of having been hijacked.)Tj
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(27 According to Karl Rove, )Tj
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(furthermore, the Secret Service had learned of "a specific threat made t\
o Air Force )Tj
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(One.")Tj
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(28 So, why had fighter jets not been ordered from one of the two nearby \
military )Tj
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(bases, which have fighters on 24-hour alert?)Tj
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(29 )Tj
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(The strangeness of the president's behavior, given the apparent circumst\
ances, has not )Tj
T*
(gone unnoticed by family members of the victims of the attacks of 9/11. \
For example, )Tj
T*
(Kristen Breitweiser, whose question about how a plane could have struck \
the Pentagon )Tj
T*
(was quoted earlier, also said: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(It was clear that we were under attack. Why didn't the Secret Service wh\
isk )Tj
T*
(him out of that school? He was on live local television in Florida. The \
)Tj
T*
(terrorists, you know, had been in Florida.... I want to know why he sat \
there )Tj
T*
(for 25 minutes.)Tj
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(Much attention at the time was given to the fact that once Air Force One\
became airborne )Tj
T*
(at 9:55, President Bush remained away from Washington for a long time, p\
erhaps, )Tj
T*
(speculated some commentators, out of fear. Indeed, some reporters who cr\
iticized the )Tj
T*
(president on that score lost their jobs )Tj
ET
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(31\227which may account for why the White House )Tj
-14.97099 -1.33333 Td
(could later be confident that the news media would not challenge any of \
its fabrications. )Tj
T*
(In any case, the real question, the critics suggest, is why there was ap\
parently no fear )Tj
T*
(during the first hour. The implied question is, of course, a disturbing \
one: Did the )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(president and at least the head of his Secret Service detail know that h\
e was )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(a target? )Tj
ET
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(The idea that the Bush administiarion had advance knowledge of the attac\
ks is further )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(suggested by a statement later made by Bush himslef: "I was sitting outs\
ide the )Tj
T*
(classroom waiting to go in," he claimed, "and I saw an airplane hit the \
tower\227the TV )Tj
T*
(was obviously on, and I used to fly myself, and I said, There's one terr\
ible pilot.")Tj
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(Given the fact that according to the official story, Bush did not have a\
ccess to a )Tj
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(television set until at least 15 minutes later,)Tj
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(33 this statement raised questions. An article )Tj
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(in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston Herald)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( said: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Think about that. Bush's remark implies he saw the first plane hit the t\
ower. )Tj
T*
(But we all know that video of the first plane hitting did not surface un\
til the )Tj
T*
(next day. Could Bush have meant he saw the second plane hit\227which )Tj
T*
(many Americans witnessed? No, because he said that he was in the )Tj
T*
(classroom when Card whispered in his ear that a second plane hit.)Tj
-2.66667 -1.61667 Td
(Pointing out that Bush had told this story several times, the writer ask\
ed: "How could the )Tj
T*
(Commander-in-chief have seen the plane fly into the first building\227as\
it happened?")Tj
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(34 )Tj
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(This is an excellent question. But it is simply one of many excellent qu\
estions mat have )Tj
T*
(been raised by individual reporters and then allowed to die by the rest \
of the news media. )Tj
T*
(They have not pressed for an answer. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Thierry Meyssan, however, has suggested a possible answer. Pointing out \
that "according )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(to his own declaration, the President of the United States saw pictures \
of the first crash )Tj
T*
(before the second had taken place," Meyssan emphasizes the fact that the\
pictures )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(reportedly seen by Bush could )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(have been "those accidentally filmed by French )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(documentary-makers Jules and G\351d\351on Naudet," because "their video \
was not released )Tj
T*
(until thirteen hours later." On the morning of 9/11, therefore, Bush cou\
ld not have seen )Tj
T*
(the pictures of the first crash that we have all seen time and time agai\
n. Therefore, )Tj
T*
(Meyssan suggests, the pictures must )Tj
2.66667 -2.46666 Td
(have been secret images transmitted to him without delay in the secure )Tj
T*
(communications room that was installed in the elementary school in )Tj
T*
(preparation for his visit. But if the US intelligence services could hav\
e )Tj
T*
(filmed the first attack, that means they must have been informed beforeh\
and.)Tj
ET
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(Meyssans suggestion, in other words, is that although the president did \
not see the plane )Tj
T*
(fly into the first building "as it happened," he did see it, as he claim\
ed, before he went )Tj
T*
(into the classroom. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(======================== )Tj
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(According to critics of the official account, in sum, the behaviour of P\
resident Bush on )Tj
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(9/11 reinforces the conclusion, inferable from the fate of the four cras\
hed airliners, that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(government and military officials at the highest level had advance knowl\
edge of, and )Tj
T*
(conspired to allow; the traumatic events of that day.)Tj
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(36 With regard to our list of )Tj
-20.74699 -1.33333 Td
(possible views, furthermore, the critical account of the president's beh\
aviour seems to )Tj
T*
(eliminate the first five possible views, according to which the White Ho\
use had no )Tj
T*
(expectation of any attacks. The behavior of President Bush and his Secre\
t Service seems )Tj
T*
(to imply at least the sixth view, according to which the White House exp\
ected some sort )Tj
T*
(of arracks. Furthemore, if we accept Meyssans conjecture about Bush's st\
atement that he )Tj
T*
(saw the first WTC crash on television before entering the classroom, the\
seventh view\227)Tj
T*
(according to which the White House had foreknowledge of the targets and \
the timing of )Tj
T*
(the attacks\227is suggested. That view is also suggested by the evidence\
that President )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Bush and his Secret Service seemed to know that )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(they)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( would not be targets of the attack. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(For the critics of the official account, this conclusion for some sort o\
f official complicity )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(is made even stronger when the events of 9/11 are seen in me larger cont\
ext provided by )Tj
T*
(information about relevant events both prior to and after 9/11. This lar\
ger context will be )Tj
T*
(the subject of the second part of this book. )Tj
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(FOOTNOTES for Chapter four)Tj
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(hint: )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(press the BACK-button on your browser to jump back to the original text-\
location)Tj
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/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
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(1)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 362.99472 Tm
(Allan Wood and Paul Thompson, "An Interesting Day. President Bush's Move\
ments )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(and Actions on 9/11," Center for Cooperative Research \(www.cooperativer\
esearch.org\), )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(under "When Did Bush First Learn of the Attacks," citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(15, and CNN, September 11, 2001. \(This article will henceforth be cited\
simply as )Tj
T*
("Wood and Thompson," followed by the heading under which the material is\
found.\) )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 275.25165 Tm
(2)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 271.41164 Tm
(Barrie Zwicker, "The Great Deception," Vision TV Insight, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(MediaFile )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(www.visiontv.)Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(ca\), February 18, 2002, cited in Ahmed, 166. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 237.71072 Tm
(3)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 233.87073 Tm
(Thompson, "September 11" \(After 8:46 AM\), quoting "Meet the Press," NB\
C News, )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(September 16, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 200.16982 Tm
(4)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 196.32982 Tm
(CNN, December 4, 2001, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Daily Mail, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 8, 2002, and ABC News, September )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(11, 2002, cited in Thompson \(Between 8:55-9:00 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 162.62891 Tm
(5)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 158.78891 Tm
(Thompson \(Between 8:55-9:00 AM\). )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 143.05426 Tm
(6)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 139.21426 Tm
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 12, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Christian Science Monitor. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 17, 2001, cited in )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(Thompson \(Between 8:55-9:00 .AM\). A few minutes after 8:46, CIA Direct\
or Tenet )Tj
T*
(reportedly learned from a cell phone call that the WTC had been "attacke\
d" by an )Tj
T*
(airplane, after which he said to Senator Boren, with whom he was having \
breakfast: )Tj
T*
("You know, this has bin Laden's fingerprints all over it" \(ABC News, Se\
ptember 14, )Tj
T*
(2002, cited in Thompson [After 8:46 AM]\). )Tj
ET
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(Associated Press, August 19, 2002, quoted in Thompson \(Between 8:55-9:0\
0 AM\). )Tj
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(8)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 781.92274 Tm
(Wood and Thompson, introductory discussion. )Tj
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(9)Tj
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(Sarasota Herald-Tribune, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 10, 2002, quoted in Thompson \(9:30 AM\). )Tj
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(10)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
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(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 16, 2001, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Telegraph, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 16, 2001, ABC News, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(September 14, 2002, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 27, 2002, quoted in Thompson \(After )Tj
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(9:30 AM\). )Tj
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(11)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 687.25784 Tm
(Thompson \(After 9:30 AM\) and \(9:06 AM\), quoting )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Globe and Mail )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 12, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2001. )Tj
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(12)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 649.71692 Tm
(Wood and Thompson, under "Why Stay?" )Tj
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(13)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 630.17601 Tm
(James Bamford, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the Ultra-Secret National Security )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Agency )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York Anchor Books, 2002\), 633, cited in Thompson \(9:06 AM\). )Tj
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(14)Tj
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(Bamford, 633. )Tj
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15 0 0 15 38.375 573.05203 Tm
(Bamford, 633, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 9, 2001, cited in Thompson \(9:06-9:16 AM\). )Tj
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(16)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 553.51111 Tm
(Gail Sheehy, "Four 9/11 Moms Battle Bush," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Observer, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 21, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 537.8102 Tm
(17)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 533.9702 Tm
(Sammons sympathies are further shown by another book published at about \
the same )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(rime, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(At Any Cost: How Al Gore Tried to Steal the Election )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Washington: Regnery, )Tj
T*
(2002\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 482.22713 Tm
(18)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 478.38713 Tm
(Bill Sammon, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Fighting Back: The War on Terrorism: From Inside the Bush White )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(House )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Washington: Regnery, 2002\), 89-90, quoted in Wood and Thompson, under\
)Tj
T*
("When Did Bush Leave the Classroom?" )Tj
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(19)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
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(Tampa Tribune, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 1; )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(St. Petersburg Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 8; and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(September 12, 2002, cited in Wood and Thompson, under "when Did Bush Lea\
ve the )Tj
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(Classroom?" )Tj
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(Sammon, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Fighting Back )Tj
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(90, quoted in Wood and Thompson, under "When Did Bush )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Leave the Classroom?" and "Rewriting History." )Tj
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/TT1 1 Tf
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(San Francisco Chronicle, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 11, 2002, quoted in Wood and Thompson, under )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
("Rewriting History." )Tj
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(22)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 292.18132 Tm
(MSNBC, September 9, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 276.48041 Tm
(23)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 272.6404 Tm
(Wood and Thompson, under "Rewriting History." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 256.93948 Tm
(24)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 253.09949 Tm
(Thompson, 9:29 AM. )Tj
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(25)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 233.55858 Tm
(Wood and Thomspon, under "Why Stay?", citing MSNBC, October 29, 2002, an\
d )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(ABC, September 11, 2002. )Tj
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(26)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 196.01765 Tm
(Thompson \(9:34 AM\) and \(9:56 AM\). Air Force One took off at 9:35 AM.\
It would be )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(a t least 90 minutes before it had an escort \(Wood and Thompson, under \
"When Does the )Tj
T*
(Fighter Escort Finally Arrive?"\). )Tj
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(27)Tj
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(Thompson \(9:30 AM\) and \(10:42 AM\), citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 14, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Los Angeles Times. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(September 17, 2001, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(USA Today. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 13, 2002. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
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/TT0 1 Tf
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(Departs Sarasota." As Wood and Thompson also point out \(under "Were The\
re Threats )Tj
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(to Air Force One?"\), a little later in the day, Dick Cheney originated,\
and then Karl Rove )Tj
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(and Ari Fleischer spread, a story that a threat against the White House \
and Air Force One )Tj
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(was received from terrorists who used the secret code for Air Force One,\
which )Tj
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(suggested either that there was a mole in the White House or that terror\
ists had hacked )Tj
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(their way into White House computers. This story, first published by Wil\
liam Safire of )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(September 13, 2001\), spread throughout the media, although there )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was considerable skepticism, based on suspicion that the story was creat\
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(down criticism of Bush for remaining away from Washington for so long )Tj
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(\(St. Petersburg )Tj
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(Times, )Tj
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(September 13, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Telegraph, )Tj
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(December 16, 2001\). When Ari Fleischer was )Tj
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t with this )Tj
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(explanation: "Sources say White House staffers apparently misunderstood \
comments )Tj
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(made by their security detail." )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Slate )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
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T*
(Cheney, Fleischer, and Rove )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\(Slate, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 28, 2001\). Unfortunately, Thierry )Tj
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(Meyssan, having evidently missed the retraction, based his most speculat\
ive theory on )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(this bogus report )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Ch. 3: "Moles in the White House"\). But he can )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(perhaps be forgiven, since CBS, evidently forgetting about its own debun\
king, revived )Tj
T*
(the story a year later \(CBS, September 11, 2002, cited in Wood and Thom\
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T*
("Rewriting History"\). )Tj
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(29)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 495.21069 Tm
(Wood and Thompson, under "Air Force One Takes OffWithout Fighter Escort.\
" )Tj
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(30)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 475.66978 Tm
(Kristen Breitweiser's comments, made on Phil Donahue's television show o\
n August )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(13, 2002, are quoted in Thompson, "Timeline," August 13, 2002. )Tj
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(31)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 438.12886 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 29, 2001, cited in Wood and Thompson, introductory )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(discussion. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 404.42795 Tm
(32)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 400.58795 Tm
(CNN December 4, 2001, quoted in Thompson \(9:01 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 384.88704 Tm
(33)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 381.04704 Tm
(Washington Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 7, 2002, quoted in Thompson \(9:01 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 365.34613 Tm
(34)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 361.50612 Tm
(Boston Herald, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 22, 2002, quoted in Thompson \(9:01 AM\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 345.80521 Tm
(35)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 341.96521 Tm
(Meyssan, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(38-39. Other revisionists have suggested that images of )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(this crash might have been transmitted to the president's limousine, so \
that he would have )Tj
T*
(seen them before arriving at the school. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 290.2643 Tm
(36)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 286.4243 Tm
(President Bush is not the only high official, furthermore, whose reporte\
d behavior that )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(day has raised serious questions. Critics have also found the reported b\
ehavior of General )Tj
T*
(Richard Myers, then Acting Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staffs, suspi\
cious. See Israel )Tj
T*
(and Bykov, "Guilty for 9-11: Bush, Rumsfeld, Myers" \(www.emperors-cloth\
es.com\), )Tj
T*
(who say that Myers "offered three mutually contradictory cover stories."\
See also )Tj
T*
(Ahmed, 164-66. )Tj
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(PART TWO)Tj
-3.1115 -1.96709 Td
(THE LARGER CONTEXT)Tj
ET
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(CHAPTER FIVE)Tj
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(DID US OFFICIALS HAVE ADVANCE INFORMATION ABOUT 9/11?)Tj
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(The larger context for viewing the events of 9/11, according to critics \
of the official )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(account, consists of four more types of evidence against that account. I\
n this chapter, I )Tj
T*
(explore the first type: evidence that US officials had information about\
the attacks before )Tj
T*
(they happened. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Many leading officials in the Bush administration have claimed that the \
events of 9/11 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(were completely unanticipated. For example, Condoleezza Rice, Bush's Nat\
ional )Tj
T*
(Security Advisor, said in May of 2002: "I don't think anybody could have\
predicted that )Tj
T*
(these people would take an airplane and slam it into the World Trade Cen\
ter, take )Tj
T*
(another one and slam it into the Pentagon, that they would try to use...\
a hijacked airplane )Tj
T*
(as a missile.")Tj
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(1 The next month, President Bush, in an address to the nation, said: )Tj
-5.269 -1.33333 Td
("Based on everything I've seen, I do not believe anyone could have preve\
nted the horror )Tj
T*
(of September the 11th.")Tj
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(2 A further claim, endorsed in the summary of the final report )Tj
-9.51801 -1.33333 Td
(of the Joint Inquiry conducted by the intelligence committees of the US \
Senate and )Tj
T*
(House of Representatives, is that although there were some indications o\
f plans for )Tj
T*
(terrorist attacks within the United States, "it was the general view of \
the Intelligence )Tj
T*
(Community, in the spring and summer of 2001, that the threatened bin Lad\
en attacks )Tj
T*
(would most likely occur against US interests overseas.")Tj
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(3 These general claims can be )Tj
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(divided into two more particular ones, each of which has been challenged\
by critics of )Tj
T*
(the official account. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
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(Was the Very Possibility of Such Attacks not Envisioned?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(One of these claims is that the very possibility that someone would use \
planes as )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(weapons had not been imagined. For example, a defense official was quote\
d as saying: "I )Tj
T*
(don't think any of us envisioned an internal air threat by big aircraft.\
I don't know of )Tj
T*
(anybody that ever thought through that." )Tj
ET
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(4 About a year later, White House Press )Tj
-16.49001 -1.33333 Td
(Secretary Ari Fleischer said: "Until the attack took place, i think it's\
fair to say that no )Tj
T*
(one envisioned that as a possibility. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Critics say, however, that there is much evidence to the contrary. For e\
xample, in 1993 a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(panel of experts commissioned by the Pentagon suggested that airplanes c\
ould be used as )Tj
T*
(missiles to bomb national landmarks. However, this notion was not publis\
hed in its )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(report, )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Terror 2000, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(because, said one of its authors: "We were told by the Department of )Tj
T*
(Defense not to put it in." But in 1994, one of these experts wrote in th\
e )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Futurist )Tj
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(magazine: )Tj
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(Targets such as the World Trade Center not only provide the requisite )Tj
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(casualties but, because of their symbolic nature, provide more bang for \
the )Tj
T*
(buck. In order to maximize their odds for success, terrorist groups will\
)Tj
T*
(likely consider mounting multiple, simultaneous operations.)Tj
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(6)Tj
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(In that same year, there were three airplanes hijacked with the intent t\
o use them as )Tj
T*
(weapons, including a highly publicized plan of a terrorist group linked \
with al-Qaeda to )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(crash one into the Eiffel Tower. In 1995, Senator Sam Nunn, in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(magazines cover )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(story, described a scenario in which terrorists crash a radio-controlled\
airplane into the )Tj
T*
(US Capitol building.)Tj
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(7 )Tj
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(The year 1995 also brought the most important discovery, which has been \
widely )Tj
T*
(reported: Philippine police found an al-Qaeda computer with a plan calle\
d Project )Tj
T*
(Bojinka, one version of which involved hijacking planes and flying them \
into targets )Tj
T*
(such as the World Trade Center, the White House, CIA headquarters, and t\
he Pentagon. )Tj
T*
(This plan\227which was evidently formulated by Khalid Shaikh Mohammed \(\
later to be )Tj
T*
(identified as the mastermind of 9/11\) and his relative Ramsi Yousef )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(8\227resurfaced in )Tj
-27.358 -1.33333 Td
(the 1996 trial of the latter for masterminding the 1993 attack on the Wo\
rld Trade Center )Tj
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(\(in which Mohammed was also indicted\).)Tj
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(5 )Tj
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(\(Note: Ramsi Youssef was NOT charged )Tj
-16.60899 -1.33614 Td
(with the 1993 attack on the WTC, there is an mp3 of his lawyer talking p\
ublicly about it )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(on the web. It is now established that a FBI [double-?]agent instigated \
that attack.\))Tj
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/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
T*
(Yousef's conviction, Ahmed points out, was on September 11, 1996, so tha\
t 9/11 was its )Tj
T*
(fifth anniversary.." Furthermore, after the attacks, reports Thompson, a\
Philippine )Tj
T*
(investigator said: "It's Bojinka... We told the Americans everything abo\
ut Bojinka. Why )Tj
T*
(didn't they pay attention?")Tj
ET
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(11 )Tj
-10.504 -2.60001 Td
(In 1999, the National Intelligence Council, which advise the President a\
nd US )Tj
T*
(intelligence agencies on emerging threats, said in a special report on t\
errorism: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Al-Qaeda's expected retaliation for the US cruise missile attack [of 199\
8]...)Tj
T*
(could take several forms of terrorist attack in the nation's capitol. Su\
icide )Tj
T*
(bombers belonging to al-Qaeda's Martyrdom Battalion could crash-land an \
)Tj
T*
(aircraft packed with high explosives...into the Pentagon, the headquarte\
rs of )Tj
T*
(the Central Intelligence Agency \(CIA\), or the White House.)Tj
ET
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(12)Tj
-26.60567 -1.75 Td
(With regard to the Pentagon in particular, officials in October of 2000 \
carried out an )Tj
T*
(emergency drill to prepare for the possibility that a hijacked airliner \
might be crashed )Tj
T*
(into the Pentagon.)Tj
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(13 )Tj
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(In sum, argue critics, the claim that the possibility of such attacks ha\
d not been )Tj
T*
(envisioned is clearly untrue. )Tj
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(Were There No Specific Warnings about the Attacks?)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
( )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(A second, narrower claim is that although there were warnings about the \
possibility of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(this kind of attack, there were no specific warnings relating to 9/11. F\
or example, three )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(days afterwards, FBI Director Robert Mueller )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(\(six days in office\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
( said: "There were no )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(warning signs that I'm aware of that would indicate this type of operati\
on in the )Tj
T*
(country.")Tj
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(14 A year later, he still claimed: "To this day we have found no one in \
the )Tj
-3.713 -1.33333 Td
(United States except the actual hijackers who knew of the plot.")Tj
ET
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(15 )Tj
-25.59801 -2.60001 Td
(Acceptance of this claim is reflected in the summary of the final report\
of the Joint )Tj
T*
(Inquiry conducted by the House and Senate intelligence committees. The f\
irst "finding" )Tj
T*
(reported in this summary reads: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(While the Intelligence Community had amassed a great deal of valuable )Tj
T*
(intelligence regarding Usama Bin Laden and his terrorist activities, non\
e of )Tj
T*
(it identified the time, place, and specific nature of the attack that we\
re )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(planned for September 11, 2001. [)Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Author's note: Spellings of his name shift )Tj
T*
(due to different styles of transliterating the Arabic into English.)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(])Tj
-2.66667 -1.61667 Td
(Indeed, as we saw earlier, this summary of the Joint Inquiry's final rep\
ort said that the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(information led the intelligence community to expect the attacks to be d\
irected "against )Tj
T*
(US interests overseas." )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(But in fact, critics argue, there were evidently many quite specific war\
nings in the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(months leading up to 9/11 and, given the fact that by May of 2001, warni\
ngs of an attack )Tj
T*
(against the US were reportedly higher than ever before, US intelligence \
agencies should )Tj
T*
(have been especially on the alert.)Tj
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(16 This state of alert should have been increased still )Tj
-13.274 -1.33333 Td
(further, one would assume, given the fact that an intelligence summary f\
or Condoleezza )Tj
T*
(Rice from CIA Director George Tenet on June 28 said: "It is highly likel\
y that a )Tj
T*
(significant al-Qadea attack is in the near future, within several weeks.\
")Tj
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(17 It was in such )Tj
-28.28999 -1.33333 Td
(a context that the rather specific warnings came. In late July, for exam\
ple, the Taliban's )Tj
T*
(Foreign Minister informed US officials that Osama ben Laden was planning\
a "huge )Tj
T*
(attack" inside America that was imminent and would kill thousands.)Tj
ET
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(18 That the )Tj
-27.295 -1.33333 Td
(information indicated that the attack was to involve commercial airlines\
is suggested by )Tj
T*
(the fact that on July 26, CBS News reported that Attorney General Ashcro\
ft had decided )Tj
T*
(to quit using this mode of travel because of a threat assessment\227alth\
ough "neither the )Tj
T*
(FBI nor the Justice Department\227would identify what the threat was, wh\
en it was )Tj
T*
(detected or who made it.")Tj
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(19 In May of 2002, it was claimed that the threat assessment )Tj
-10.267 -1.33333 Td
(had nothing to do with al-Qaeda, but Ashcroft, according to the Associat\
ed Press, walked )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(out of his office rather than answer questions about it. The )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(San Francisco Chronicle )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(complained: "The FBI obviously knew something was in the wind.... The FB\
I did advise )Tj
T*
(Ashcroft to stay off commercial aircraft. The rest of us just had to tak\
e our chances." )Tj
ET
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(CBS's Dan Rather later asked, with regard to this warning: "Why wasn't i\
t shared with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the public at large?")Tj
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(20 )Tj
-8.045 -2.60001 Td
(August and September brought more warnings. A Moroccan agent who had pen\
etrated al-)Tj
T*
(Qaeda was evidently brought to the United States to discuss his report t\
hat bin Laden, )Tj
T*
(being disappointed that the 1993 bombing had not toppled the "WTC, plann\
ed "large )Tj
T*
(scale operations in New York in the summer or fall of 2001.")Tj
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(21 Former CIA agent )Tj
-24.515 -1.33333 Td
(Robert Baer reportedly told the CIAs Counter-Terrorism Center that he ha\
d learned from )Tj
T*
(a military associate of a Persian Gulf prince that a "spectacular terror\
ist operation" was )Tj
T*
(about to take place.)Tj
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(22 Some warnings, furthermore, were reportedly given by several )Tj
-7.776 -1.33333 Td
(foreign intelligence agencies. For example, Russian President Putin late\
r stated that in )Tj
T*
(August, "I ordered my intelligence to warn President Bush in the stronge\
st terms that 25 )Tj
T*
(terrorists were getting ready to attack the US, including important gove\
rnment buildings )Tj
T*
(like the Pentagon." The head of Russian intelligence also said: "We had \
clearly warned )Tj
T*
(them" on several occasions, but they "did not pay the necessary attentio\
n.")Tj
ET
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(23 Warnings )Tj
-29.80299 -1.33333 Td
(were also reportedly given by Jordan, Egypt, and Israel,)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(24 with the latter country )Tj
-22.356 -1.33333 Td
(warning, a few days before 9/11, that perhaps 200 terrorists linked to O\
sama bin Laden )Tj
T*
(were "preparing a big operation.")Tj
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(25 )Tj
-13.34 -2.60001 Td
(One of the official warnings during this period became widely known\227a\
memo provided )Tj
T*
(by Great Britain, which was included in the intelligence briefing for Pr\
esident Bush on )Tj
T*
(August 6. This warning said that al-Qeda had planned an attack in the Un\
ited States )Tj
T*
(involving multiple airplane hijackings. The White House kept this warnin\
g secret, with )Tj
T*
(the president repeatedly claiming after 9/11 that he had received no war\
ning of any kind. )Tj
T*
(But on May 15, 2002, CBS Evening News revealed the existence of this mem\
o from )Tj
T*
(British intelligence. Condoleezza Rice tried to dismiss its significance\
by saying that it )Tj
T*
(was "fuzzy and thin," consisting of only a page and a half. Newspaper ac\
counts, )Tj
T*
(however, said that it was 11 pages long.)Tj
ET
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(26 Press Secretary Ari Fleischer said in no )Tj
-15.97 -1.33333 Td
(uncertain terms: "The president did not\227not\227receive information ab\
out the use of )Tj
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(airplanes as missiles by suicide bombers.")Tj
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(27 A few days later, however, the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-16.851 -1.33333 Td
(reported that "the [August 6] memo left little doubt that the hijacked a\
irliners were )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(intended for use as missiles and that intended targets were to be inside\
the US.")Tj
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(28 )Tj
-31.765 -1.33333 Td
(Doubt about the administrations truthfulness is raised by the fact that \
it has refused to )Tj
T*
(release the memo while claiming that there is nothing specific in it. As\
Michael Moore )Tj
T*
(has asked: "If there is nothing specific, then why cant they release it?\
")Tj
ET
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(29 )Tj
-28.06 -2.60001 Td
(In any case, if that information is still considered too general to have\
made the events of )Tj
T*
(9/11 preventable, even more specific information was provided by the sto\
ck market. )Tj
T*
(Intelligence agencies monitor the stock market, critics point out, to wa\
tch for clues of )Tj
T*
(impending catastrophes. And the days just before September 11 saw an ext\
remely high )Tj
T*
(volume of "put options" purchased for the stock of Morgan Stanley Dean W\
itter, which )Tj
T*
(occupied 22 stories of the World Trade Center, and for United and Americ\
an Airlines, )Tj
ET
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(the two airlines used in the attacks.)Tj
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(30 For these two airlines, and only these two, "the )Tj
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(level of these trades was up by 1,200 percent in the three days prior to\
the World Trade )Tj
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(Center attacks.")Tj
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(31 To buy a put option is to bet that the price of shares is going to go\
)Tj
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(down, and in this case the bet was highly profitable. As the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(San Francisco Chronicle )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
T*
(explained: "When the stock prices...dropped...in response to the terrori\
st attacks, the )Tj
T*
(options multiplied a hundredfold in value, making millions of dollars in\
profit." If a )Tj
T*
(single group of speculators purchased most of the thousands of put optio\
ns for those )Tj
T*
(three stocks, this group would have made over $10 million. This unusual \
set of purchases )Tj
T*
("raises suspicions that the investors...had advance knowledge of the str\
ikes.")Tj
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(32 )Tj
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(Even more important here is the conclusion that any intelligence officer\
looking at this )Tj
T*
(development, especially in light of all the warnings, would easily have \
concluded that )Tj
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(someone with inside information knew that )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(in the near future both American and United )Tj
T*
(airplanes were going to be used in attacks, quite likely on the World Tr\
ade Center. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(And )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(there can be no serious doubt, Ahmed adds, that intelligence officers mo\
nitor the market )Tj
T*
(looking for such anomalies. He quotes investigative journalist Michael R\
uppert, a former )Tj
T*
(detective for the Los Angeles Police Department, who wrote: "It is well \
documented that )Tj
T*
(the CIA has long monitored such trades\227in real time\227as potential w\
arnings of terrorist )Tj
T*
(attacks and other economic moves contrary to US interests." Ahmed adds t\
hat "[t]he UPI )Tj
T*
(also reported that the US-sponsored ECHELON intelligence network closely\
monitors )Tj
T*
(stock trading.")Tj
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(33 )Tj
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(An intriguing footnote to this story is that A. B. "Buzzy" Krongard, who\
in March of )Tj
T*
(2001 was promoted within the CIA by President Bush to become its executi\
ve director, )Tj
T*
(had until 1998 been the manager of Deutsche Bank, one of the major banks\
through )Tj
T*
(which put options on United Airlines were purchased.)Tj
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(34 The implication, of course, is )Tj
-21.608 -1.33333 Td
(that there might have been insider trading going on that dwarfed Martha \
Stewart's in size )Tj
T*
(and significance. )Tj
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(In any case, further specific information, critics continue, was evidend\
y obtained from )Tj
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(electronic intercepts. Shordy before 9/11, the FBI reportedly intercepte\
d messages such )Tj
T*
(as "There is a big thing coming" and "They're going to pay the price.")Tj
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(35 On September )Tj
-27.91901 -1.33333 Td
(9, a foreign intelligence service reportedly passed on to US intelligenc\
e an intercepted )Tj
T*
(message from bin Laden to his mother, in which he told her: In two days \
you're going to )Tj
T*
(hear big news, and you're not going to hear from me for a while.")Tj
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(36 And the next day, )Tj
-26.166 -1.33333 Td
(September 10, US intelligence reportedly obtained electronic intercepts \
of conversations )Tj
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(in which al Queda members said: "Tomorrow will be a great day for us.")Tj
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(37 One of )Tj
-29.144 -1.33333 Td
(those intercepts was reportedly made by the National Security Agency \(N\
SA\), which had )Tj
T*
(monitored a call during the summer between Mohamed Atta and Khalid Sheik\
h )Tj
T*
(Mohammed, believed to be one of the architects of Project Bojinka, the 1\
993 bombing of )Tj
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(the WTC, and the bombing of the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(USS Cole.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( )Tj
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(38 In the intercept of September 10, 2001, )Tj
-18.082 -1.33333 Td
(Atta reportedly received final approval for the 9/11 attacks from Mohamm\
ed. According )Tj
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(to the September 15, 2002 story in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Independent )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(that reported this intercept, )Tj
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(information as to when the intercept was translated had not been release\
d.)Tj
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(39 But given )Tj
-29.549 -1.33333 Td
(the fact that US intelligence had learned in June of 2001 that Khalid Sh\
aikh Mohammed )Tj
T*
(was interested in "sending terrorists to the United States,")Tj
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(40 one would assume that )Tj
-23.064 -1.33333 Td
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riority. )Tj
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(US intelligence agencies, however, would later claim that the highly spe\
cific messages )Tj
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(received the two days before 9/11 were not translated until afterwards. \
In relation to this )Tj
T*
(claim, it is significant, as Thompson points out, that Senator Orrin Hat\
ch reported that )Tj
T*
(US officials had overheard two bin Laden aides celebrating the successfu\
l terrorist attack )Tj
T*
(At a news briefing on September 12, Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld report\
edly )Tj
T*
(manifested chagrin at Hatch's breach, which revealed that the US governm\
ent was, in )Tj
T*
(fact, monitoring these communications electronically in real time.)Tj
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(41 The idea that )Tj
-26.358 -1.33333 Td
(specific information was not only received but also translated on Septem\
ber 10 is further )Tj
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(suggested by )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Newsweek's )Tj
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(report that on that day "a group of top Pentagon officials )Tj
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(suddenly canceled travel plans for the next morning, apparently because \
of security )Tj
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(concerns.")Tj
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(42 )Tj
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(With this information before us, we can better evaluate the Joint Inquir\
y's final report, as )Tj
T*
(reflected in its summary, according to which none of the information ava\
ilable to the )Tj
T*
(intelligence community "identified the time, place, and specific nature \
of the attacks that )Tj
T*
(were planned for September 11, 2001." The Joint Inquiry evidently tried \
to reconcile this )Tj
T*
(finding with the kind of very specific information reviewed above by say\
ing: "In the )Tj
T*
(period from September 8 to September 10, 2001, NSA intercepted, but did \
not translate )Tj
T*
(or disseminate until after September 11, some communications that indica\
ted possible )Tj
T*
(impending terrorist activity.")Tj
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(43 It would be interesting to know, however, whether this )Tj
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the NSA. It )Tj
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(would also be interesting to know whether the Joint Inquiry tried to exp\
lain why on )Tj
T*
(September 10 "a group of top Pentagon officials suddenly canceled travel\
plans for the )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(next morning." And whether they asked why, given the many very specific \
reports )Tj
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(prior )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
T*
(to September 8, the NSA was )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(translating and disseminating the warnings it )Tj
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(intercepted from September 8 to 10\227in other words, whether the claim \
that it did not do )Tj
T*
(so is really believable. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In any case, Ahmed, referring to Condoleezza Rice's statement that US of\
ficials had no )Tj
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(specific information about the attacks in advance, concludes that it is \
"patendy false.")Tj
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(44 )Tj
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(Michel Chossudovsky, referring to the discussion of whether members of t\
he Bush )Tj
T*
(administration knew about the attacks beforehand, says: "Of course they \
knew!"\227adding )Tj
T*
(that "the American people have been consciously and deliberately deceive\
d.")Tj
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(45 )Tj
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(Critics of the official account have certainly provided evidence that se\
ems to support )Tj
T*
(these conclusions. The material in this chapter provides, at the very le\
ast, further )Tj
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(evidence against the first two of the possible views, according to which\
US intelligence )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(agencies had no specific information about the attacks. Some of this evi\
dence, )Tj
T*
(furthermore, seems to rule out the first six views, according to which a\
t least the White )Tj
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(House had no specific knowledge about the impending attacks. All the vie\
ws except the )Tj
T*
(seventh and the eighth, accordingly, would seem to be ruled out insofar \
as the evidence )Tj
T*
(summarized in this chapter stands up to further scrutiny. )Tj
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(The cumulative evidence of government complicity becomes even more compe\
lling, )Tj
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(critics of the official account of 9/11 believe, when it includes eviden\
ce that US officials )Tj
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(actively obstructed investigations that might have uncovered the plot. )Tj
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(FOOTNOTES to chapter 5)Tj
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( )Tj
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(This statement was made in Rice's press briefing of May 16, 2002, which \
was reported )Tj
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(in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 17, 2002. It was quoted by Mary Fetchet, Co-Chair of )Tj
T*
(Voices of 9/11 and a member of the Family Steering Commission for the 9/\
11 )Tj
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(Independent Commission, in testimony to that commission, March 31, 2003 \
\(available at )Tj
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(911citizenswatch.org\). )Tj
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(2)Tj
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(Sydney Morning Herald, )Tj
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(June 8, 2002, quoted in Thompson, "Timeline," June 4,2002 )Tj
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(The summary of this final report of the Joint Inquiry can be read at )Tj
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(senate.gov/press.htm)Tj
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( under December 11, 2002. )Tj
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(Newsday, )Tj
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(September 23, 2001, quoted in "Timeline," September 11, 2001 \(C\). )Tj
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(5)Tj
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(MSNBC, September 18, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," May 15, 2002. )Tj
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15 0 0 15 32.375 299.25642 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 2, 2001, quoted in "Timeline," 1993 \(C\). )Tj
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(7)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 279.71552 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 3, 2001, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(April 4, 1995, cited in "Timeline," April )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(3, 1995. )Tj
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(8)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 242.17459 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(June 5, 2002. )Tj
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(9)Tj
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(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 3, 2001; Robert Novak, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Chicago Sun-Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 27, )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(2001; "Western Intelligence Knew of Laden Plan Since 1995," Agence Franc\
e-Press, )Tj
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(December 8, 2001; )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 23, 2001; and "Terrorist Plan to Use )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Planes as Weapons Dates to 1995: WTC Bomber Yousef Confessed to US Agent\
s in )Tj
T*
(1995," Public Education Center Report \(www. publicedcenter.org\); cited\
in Ahmed, 83-)Tj
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(84, and "Timeline," January 6, 1995. )Tj
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(10)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 113.05061 Tm
(Ahmed, 84. )Tj
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(11)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 93.50969 Tm
(Thompson, "Timeline," January 6, 1995, quoting )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 23, )Tj
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(2001. )Tj
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(12)Tj
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(Associated Press, April 18, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," September, 1999.\
)Tj
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(MDW News Service, November 3, 2000, and )Tj
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(May 24, 2002, cited in )Tj
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("Timeline," October 24-26, 2000. )Tj
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("Timeline," May 21, 2002 \(see also September 14, 2001\). )Tj
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("Timeline," September 10, 2001, and June 18, 2002. )Tj
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("Timeline," May, 2001, citing )Tj
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(Los Angeles Times, )Tj
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(May 18, 2002, and the Senate )Tj
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(Intelligence Committee, September 18, 2001. )Tj
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(May 17, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," June 28, 2001. )Tj
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(Independent)Tj
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(and Reuters, both September 7, 2002, cited in "Timeline," late July 2001\
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(\(A\). )Tj
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(CBS News, July 26, 2001, cited in "Timeline," July 26, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 614.51726 Tm
(20)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 610.67726 Tm
(Associated Press, May 16, 2002, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(San Francisco Chronicle, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(June 3, 2002, cited in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
("Timeline," July 26,2001; )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 27, 2002, cited in "Timeline," July )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(26,2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 558.93419 Tm
(21)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 555.09419 Tm
(Agence France-Presse, November 22, 2001, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(International Herald Tribune, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 21, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(London Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 12, 2002, cited in "Timeline," August 2001 \(C\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 521.35112 Tm
(22)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 517.51111 Tm
(Robert Baer, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(See No Evil; The True Story of a Ground Soldier in the CIA's War on )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Terrorism )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Crown Pub, 2002\), 270-71; Bill Gertz, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Breakdown: How )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(America's Intelligence Failures Led to September 11 )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Washington: Regnery, 2002\), 55-)Tj
T*
(58; and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Financial Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 12, 2002; all cited in "Timeline," August 2001 \(E\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 447.68372 Tm
(23)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 443.84372 Tm
(MSNBC, September 15, 2001, and Agence France-Presse, September 16, 2001,\
quoted )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(in "Timeline," August 2001 \(D\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 410.14281 Tm
(24)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 406.30281 Tm
(Telegraph, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 16, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(2001, Los Angela Times. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(20, 2001. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Fox News, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(May 17, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(2002, International Herald Tribune, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(2, 2002, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(June 4 )Tj
T*
(2002, cited in "Timeline," August 6, August 30-Septcmber )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(4, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(and late summer, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 354.51758 Tm
(25)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 350.67757 Tm
(David Wastell and Philip Jacobson, "Israeli Security Issued Warning to C\
1A of Large-)Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Scale Terror Attacks," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Telegraph, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 16, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 114. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 316.93449 Tm
(26)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 313.0945 Tm
(Newsweek )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(27, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(2002, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 15, 2002, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(DieZeit, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 1, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2002, cited in "Timeline," August 6, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 279.39359 Tm
(27)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 275.55359 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 16, 2002, quoted in Timeline," May 15, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 259.85268 Tm
(28)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 256.01268 Tm
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 19, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," May 15, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 240.31175 Tm
(29)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 236.47176 Tm
(Michael Moore, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dude, Where's My Country? )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Warner Books, 2003\), 114. )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Incidentally, although Moore's book has a less than scholarly tide and c\
ontains much )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(humor, it is also a serious book based on remarkably good research. This\
is especially )Tj
T*
(true of his first chapter, "George of Arabia," which is discussed at the\
end of this book. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 166.77084 Tm
(30)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 162.93085 Tm
(Ahmed, 118-24. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 147.22993 Tm
(31)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 143.38994 Tm
(Michael Ruppert, "Guns and Butter: The Economy Watch," available at "The\
CIA's )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Wall Street Connections," Centre for Research on Globalisation \()Tj
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(http://globalresearch.)Tj
ET
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(, quoted in Ahmed, 122. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 87.68903 Tm
(32)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 83.84901 Tm
(San Francisco Chronicle, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 29, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 118. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 68.1481 Tm
(33)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 64.30811 Tm
(Ahmed, 120, quoting Michael Ruppert, "Suppressed Details of Criminal Ins\
ider )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Trading Lead Directly into the CIA's Highest Ranks," From the Wilderness\
Publications )Tj
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(\(www.fromthewilderness.com or www.copvcia.com\), October 9, 2001, and U\
nited Press )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(International, February 13, 2001. On ECHELON, see Ahmed, 127-30. )Tj
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(34)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 765.46365 Tm
(Independent, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 10, 2001, and Michael Ruppert, "Suppressed Details," cited in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Ahmed, 124. )Tj
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(35)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 727.92274 Tm
(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 1, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 117. )Tj
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(36)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 708.38182 Tm
(NEC News, October 4, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 117. )Tj
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(37)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 688.84091 Tm
(USA Today, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(June 4, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," September 10, 2001 \(C\). )Tj
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(38)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 669.3 Tm
(Los Angeles Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 22 and 24 and August 1, 2002, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Independent, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(June 6, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(2002, cited in "Timeline," January 6, 1995; Knight Ridder, June 6, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Independent, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(June )Tj
T*
(6, 2002, cited in "Timeline," summer 2001. )Tj
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(39)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
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(Independent, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 15, 2002, cited in "Timeline," September 10, 2001 \(F\). )Tj
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(40)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
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(Los Angeles Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 12, 2003, reporting findings of the Congressional Joint )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Inquiry, cited in "Timeline," June 2001 \(I\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 560.4751 Tm
(41)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 556.6351 Tm
(Associated Press and ABC News, both September 12, 2001, cited in "Timeli\
ne," )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(September 11, 2001 \(I\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 522.93419 Tm
(42)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 519.09419 Tm
(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 24, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 125. )Tj
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(43)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 499.55327 Tm
(Summary of the Final Report of the Joint Inquiry \()Tj
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(http://intelligence)Tj
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(. senate.gov/press.)Tj
-21.049 -1.33333 Td
(htm\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 463.85236 Tm
(44)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 460.01236 Tm
(Ahmed, 135 n. 169. Readers familiar with evidence that US intelligence a\
gencies had )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(advance knowledge of the attacks may wonder why I have not included the \
case of )Tj
T*
(Delmart "Mike" Vreeland. After being jailed in Toronto on charges of fra\
ud in August of )Tj
T*
(2001, Vreeland claimed to be an officer with US naval intelligence. Evid\
ently in support )Tj
T*
(of this claim, Vreeland wrote something on a piece of paper, sealed it i\
n an envelope, and )Tj
T*
(gave it to Canadian authorities. Then on September 14, according to a ne\
wspaper story, )Tj
T*
(these authorities opened the envelope and found that Vreeland's note had\
accurately )Tj
T*
(predicted the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. Vreela\
nds lawyers )Tj
T*
(were evidently able to prove that he was indeed a naval officer on activ\
e duty. But )Tj
T*
(although there was a lot of bitter controversy about this story, most of\
it was beside the )Tj
T*
(point, because Vreelands note could not reasonably be considered a predi\
ction of the )Tj
T*
(attacks of 9/11. Besides listing several sites other than the WTC and th\
e Pentagon \(such )Tj
T*
(as the Sears Tower in Chicago and the Parliament Building in Ottawa\), i\
t also had no )Tj
T*
(reference to 2001. The only dates on the note were 2007 and 2009. The no\
te has been )Tj
T*
(made available by From the Wilderness Publications )Tj
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(http://www.fromthewilderness.com/)Tj
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(Chossudovsky, )Tj
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(War and Globalisation, )Tj
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(145, 62. )Tj
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(CHAPTER SIX)Tj
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(DID US OFFICIALS OBSTRUCT INVESTIGATIONS PRIOR TO 9/11?)Tj
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(When information of some of the warnings discussed in the previous chapt\
er leaked out, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(US officials dismissed the importance of these warnings by claiming that\
there is always )Tj
T*
(so much intelligence coming in that it is often difficult to distinguish\
the significant )Tj
T*
(information from the "noise," meaning all the reports that turn out to b\
e false or )Tj
T*
(insignificant. After a catastrophe such as 9/11 happens, they say, it is\
unfair to pick out )Tj
T*
(those few bits of information related to it and claim, with 20/20 hindsi\
ght, that officials )Tj
T*
(should have been able to "connect the dots." However, say critics, even \
if that argument )Tj
T*
(could legitimately be used to dismiss the warnings discussed in the prev\
ious chapter )Tj
T*
(\(which, they maintain, it could not\), the fact of official complicity \
would be strongly )Tj
T*
(suggested if there is evidence that governmental agencies had purposely \
prevented )Tj
T*
(investigations of al-Qaeda and individuals thought to be connected to it\
. And, they claim, )Tj
T*
(such evidence does exist. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(The Anti-Hunt for Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(One of the main reasons for doubting the official story about 9/11, say \
critics, is evidence )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that, far from doing everything it could to kill or capture bin Laden, U\
S government )Tj
T*
(officials repeatedly failed to do so when they had opportunities. I will\
summarize a few )Tj
T*
(of the episodes that have been dug up by Ahmed and Thompson. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In December of 1998, CIA Director George Tenet reportedly circulated a m\
emorandum )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(in the intelligence community that said: "We are at war," and added: "I \
want no resources )Tj
T*
(or people spared in this effort, either inside CIA or the [larger intell\
igence] community." )Tj
T*
(But the Congressional Joint Inquiry would later learn that there was no \
significant shift in )Tj
T*
(budget or personnel and that few FBI agents had ever heard of the declar\
ation.)Tj
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(1 )Tj
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(On December 20 of 2000 Richard Clarke, a counter-terrorism expert, submi\
tted a plan to )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(roll back al-Qaeda in response to the bombing of the )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(USS Cole )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(which had occurred in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(October\). The main component of Clarke's plan was a dramatic increase i\
n covert action )Tj
T*
(in Afghanistan to "eliminate the sanctuary" for bin Laden. The Clinton a\
dministration, on )Tj
T*
(the grounds that the Bush admimstration would be taking over in only a f\
ew weeks, )Tj
T*
(passed the plan on to it. In January however, the Bush administration re\
jected the plan )Tj
T*
(and took no action.)Tj
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(2 )Tj
-7.666 -2.33333 Td
(According to a story reported by ABC News, Julie Sirrs, an agent for the\
Defense )Tj
T*
(Intelligence Agency \(DIA\), traveled to Afghanistan twice in 2001. On h\
er first trip, she )Tj
T*
(met with Northern Alliance leader Ahmad Masood.)Tj
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(3 On her second trip, she returned )Tj
-20.63499 -1.33333 Td
(home with what she later called "a treasure trove of information," inclu\
ding evidence that )Tj
T*
(bin Laden was planning to assassinate Masood \(and Masood would indeed b\
e )Tj
T*
(assassinated on September 9, as discussed in Chapter 8\). But she was me\
t at the airport )Tj
T*
(by a security officer, who confiscated her material, after which the DIA\
and the FBI )Tj
ET
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(investigated her. However, she said, no higher intelligence officials wa\
nted to hear what )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(she had learned in Afghanistan. Finally, her security clearance was pull\
ed and she )Tj
T*
(resigned from the DIA.)Tj
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(4 )Tj
-9.33099 -2.60001 Td
(In March of 2001, the Russian Permanent Mission at the United Nations se\
cretly )Tj
T*
(submitted "an unprecedentedly detailed report" to the UN Security Counci\
l about bin )Tj
T*
(Laden and his whereabouts, including "a listing of all bin Laden's bases\
, his government )Tj
T*
(contacts and foreign advisors"\227enough information, they said, to kill\
him. But the Bush )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(administration took no action. Alex Standish, the editor of )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Jane's Intelligence Review, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(would later conclude that the attacks of 9/11 were not an intelligence f\
ailure but the )Tj
T*
(result of "a political decision not to act against bin Laden.")Tj
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(5 )Tj
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(By the summer of 2001, Osama bin Laden was America's "most wanted" crimi\
nal, for )Tj
T*
(whom it was offering a $5 million bounty, and the US government had supp\
osedly tried )Tj
T*
(to kill him. And yet in July according to reports by several of Europe's\
most respected )Tj
T*
(news sources, bin Laden spent two weeks in the American hospital in Duba\
i \(of the )Tj
T*
(United Arab Emirates\). Besides being treated by an American surgeon, Dr\
. Terry )Tj
T*
(Callaway, he was also reportedly visited by the head of Saudi intelligen\
ce and, on July )Tj
T*
(12, by the localCIA agent, Larry Mitchell. Although the reports were den\
ied by the CIA, )Tj
T*
(the hospital, and bin Laden himself, Dr. Callaway reportedly simply refu\
sed comment, )Tj
T*
(and the news agencies stood by their story.)Tj
ET
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("The explosive story," comments Thompson, was "widely reported in Europe\
, but barely )Tj
T*
(at all in the US.")Tj
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(7 After this story broke in November Chossudovsky, quoting Secretary )Tj
-6.658 -1.33333 Td
(of Defense Rumsfeld's comment that finding binLaden would be like "searc\
hing for a )Tj
T*
(needle in a stack of hay," said: "But the US could have ordered his arre\
st and extradition )Tj
T*
(in Dubai last July. But then they would not have had a pretext for wagin\
g a war.")Tj
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(8 )Tj
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(Hidden Connections between Bush, bin Laden, and Saudi Royals)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(One of the disturbing questions that has been raised by critics of the o\
fficial account is )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(whether the actual relations between the Bush administration, Osama bin \
Laden, and the )Tj
T*
(Saudi Royal family are not rather different from the public portrayal of\
these relations. )Tj
T*
(There are several grounds for suspicion. First, the bin Laden family\227\
one of the )Tj
T*
(wealthiest and most influential families in Saudi Arabia\227and the Bush\
family had )Tj
T*
(business relations for over 20 years.)Tj
ET
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(9 Second, although Osama binLadin has been )Tj
-14.386 -1.33333 Td
(portrayed as the black sheep of the family who was disowned for his terr\
orist ways\227so )Tj
T*
(that the "good bin Ladens" could be radically distinguished from the "ba\
d bin Laden"\227)Tj
T*
(there is much evidence that Osama's close ties with his family continued\
.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(10 Third, there )Tj
-29.23199 -1.33333 Td
(is evidence that Osama bin Laden continued to receive covert aid from Am\
erica's close )Tj
T*
(ally, Saudi Arabia.)Tj
ET
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147.32001 61.8024 l
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(11 A fourth ground for suspicion is the report that immediately after )Tj
-7.49899 -1.33333 Td
(9/11, the US government, working with the Saudi government, helped many \
members of )Tj
ET
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(the bin Laden family depart from the United States, even allowing their \
jets to fly before )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the national air ban was lifted.)Tj
ET
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(12 A fifth cause for suspicion is the fact that when the )Tj
-12.10899 -1.33333 Td
(final report of the Joint Inquiry into 9/11 carried out by the House and\
Senate intelligence )Tj
T*
(committees was finally released in 2003, the administration had insisted\
on blocking out )Tj
T*
(some 28 pages, which reportedly dealt primarily with Saudi Arabia. There\
is, finally, the )Tj
T*
(simple fact that most of the alleged hijackers were from Saudi Arabia. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(These grounds for suspicion are, furthermore, supported by reports from \
credible people )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(about continuing ties between the Saudi government, Osama bin Laden, and\
al-Qaeda. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(On August 22, 2001, John O'Neill, a counter-terrorism expert who was sai\
d to be the US )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(governments "most commmed tracker of Osama bin Ladeen and his al-Qaeda n\
etwork of )Tj
T*
(terrorists," resigned from the FBI, citing repeated obstruction of his i\
nvestigations into al-)Tj
T*
(Qaeda.)Tj
ET
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76.895 562.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(13 The previous month, O'Neill, who held one of the top positions in the\
FBI )Tj
-2.804 -1.33333 Td
(had reportedly complained of obstruction by the White House, saying that\
the main )Tj
T*
(obstacles to investigating al-Qaeda were "US Oil corporate interests and\
the role played )Tj
T*
(by Saudi Arabia." He then added: "All the answers, everything needed to \
dismantle )Tj
T*
(Osama bin Laden's organization, can be found in Saudi Arabia.")Tj
ET
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420.66499 488.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(14 O'Neill's )Tj
-25.722 -1.33333 Td
(assessment, Ahmed comments, was given support by Tariq Ali, who wrote: "\
Bin Laden )Tj
T*
(and his gang are just the tentacles [of the Wahhabi octopus]; the head l\
ies safely in Saudi )Tj
T*
(Arabia, protected by US forces.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(15 The idea that any serious investigation would need )Tj
-13.071 -1.33333 Td
(to focus on Saudi Arabia has, interestingly, been supported more recentl\
y by Gerald )Tj
T*
(Posner, an author who on most points supports the official account of 9/\
11.)Tj
ET
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485.63 394.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(16 On the )Tj
-30.05299 -1.33333 Td
(basis of information provided anonymously but independently by two sourc\
es in the US )Tj
T*
(government, Possner reports on the US interrogation of the Saudi Arabian\
Abu )Tj
T*
(Zubaydah, one of al- Qaeda's top operatives, who was captured in Pakista\
n late in March )Tj
T*
(of 2002. The interrogation, aided by thiopental sodium \(Sodium Pentotha\
l\), was carried )Tj
T*
(out by two Arab-Americans pretending to be Saudi Arabians. Relieved to b\
e in the )Tj
T*
(presence of men he believed to be fellow countrymen, Zubaydah became ver\
y talkative.)Tj
ET
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(17 )Tj
0 -2.60001 TD
(Hoping to save himself, Zubaydah claimed that he, as a member of al-Qaed\
a, had been )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(working on behalf of senior Saudi officials. Encouraging his interrogato\
rs to confirm his )Tj
T*
(claim, he told them to call one of King Fahd's nephews, Prince Ahmed bin\
Salman bin )Tj
T*
(Abdul-Aziz \(chairman of a huge publishing empire and founder of the Tho\
roughbred )Tj
T*
(Corporation, which produced Kentucky Derby winner War Emblem\). Zubaydah\
even )Tj
T*
(gave them Prince Ahmed's telephone numbers from memory. When his interro\
gators said )Tj
T*
(that 9/11 had surely changed everything, so that Prince Ahmed would no l\
onger be )Tj
T*
(supportive of al-Qaeda, Zubaydah told them that it would not have change\
d anything, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(because Prince Ahmed had known in advance that America would be attacked\
on 9/11. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.19719 TD
(Zubaydah also gave from memory the phone numbers of two other relatives \
of King )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Fahd's who could confirm his claims: Prince Sultan bin Faisal bin Turki \
al-Saud and )Tj
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(Prince Fahd bin Turki bin Saud al-Kabir. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Less than four months later, events occurred that suggested to Posner th\
at Zubaydah's )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(testimony may have been true. Within an eight-day period, all three of t\
he named Saudis )Tj
T*
(died. On July 22, Prince Ahmed, who was 43, reportedly died of a heart a\
ttack. The next )Tj
T*
(day, Prince Sultan bin Faisal, who was 41, reportedly died in a single-c\
ar accident. And a )Tj
T*
(week later, Prince Fahd bin Turki, who was 21, "died of thirst.")Tj
ET
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(18 )Tj
-25.396 -2.60001 Td
(Zubaydah also said that he had been present at several meetings between \
Osama bin )Tj
T*
(Laden and Prince Turki bin Faisal, the chief of Saudi intelligence, incl\
uding a meeting in )Tj
T*
(Kandahar in 1998 at which Prince Turki promised that Saudis would contin\
ue to support )Tj
T*
(the Taliban and would not ask for Osama's extradition as long as al-Qaed\
a kept its )Tj
T*
(promise not to attack the Saudi kingdom. But Prince Turki\227who had bee\
n dismissed as )Tj
T*
(head of Saudi intelligence ten days before 9/11, after which he became t\
he Saudi )Tj
T*
(ambassador to Great Britain\227survived the testimony about him.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(19 )Tj
-25.88699 -2.60001 Td
(In any case, the accounts of these interconnections between Saudi royals\
, Osama bin )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Laden)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(and al-Qaeda suggest that the American failure to capture bin Laden may \
be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(connected with the close relations between the Saudi royals, the bin Lad\
en family, and )Tj
T*
(the Bush administration. According to a story by investigative reporters\
Gregory Palast )Tj
T*
(and David Pallister, US intelligence agents, having long complained that\
they had been )Tj
T*
("prevented for political reasons from carrying out full investigations i\
nto members of the )Tj
T*
(bin Laden family," said that after the Bush administration took over, th\
ings had become )Tj
T*
(worse\227that they "had been told to 'back off' from investigations invo\
lving other )Tj
T*
(members of the Bin Laden family [and] the Saudi royals.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(20 Palast, elaborating on this )Tj
-23.23801 -1.33333 Td
(point in an interview, stated: "There is no question we had what looked \
like the biggest )Tj
T*
(failure of the intelligence community since Pearl Harbor but what we are\
learning now is )Tj
T*
(it wasn't a failure, it was a directive.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(21 This conclusion is supported by an American )Tj
-14.83501 -1.33333 Td
(intelligence agent, who said: "There were particular investigations [of \
the bin Laden )Tj
T*
(family] that were effectively killed.")Tj
ET
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(22 )Tj
-14.599 -2.60001 Td
(============== )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(It was not, however, only with regard to bin Laden and his family that i\
nvestigations )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(were reportedly stifled. Ahmed and Thompson point to several cases in wh\
ich )Tj
T*
(investigations of other promising leads were apparently either obstructe\
d or not even )Tj
T*
(initiated. These cases are especially pertinent to the Joint Inquiry's c\
onclusion that the )Tj
T*
(attacks of 9/11 were due to intelligence failures that were regrettable \
but understandable. )Tj
T*
(While pointing out that the intelligence agencies had received more warn\
ings than they )Tj
T*
(had admitted, the Joint Inquiry partly let them off the hook by saying t\
hat although they )Tj
T*
(had missed some important clues, "They are the kinds of misses that happ\
en when )Tj
T*
(people ... are simply overwhelmed.")Tj
ET
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(23 In some of the following cases, agents in the )Tj
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(field were evidently less overwhelmed than overruled. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Ignoring the FBI in Phoenix)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(On July 10, 2001, Phoenix FBI agent Ken Williams sent a now well-known )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(memorandum to the counterterrorism division at FBI headquarters, warning\
about )Tj
T*
(suspicious activities involving a group of Middle Eastern men who were t\
aking flight )Tj
T*
(training lessons. Williams had begun investigating them in 2000, but ear\
ly in 2001 he )Tj
T*
(was reassigned to an arson case\227leading a retired agent in Phoenix to\
write FBI Director )Tj
T*
(Mueller after 9/11, asking: "Why take your best terrorism investigator a\
nd put him on an )Tj
T*
(arson case?" Williams had been back on the flight-school case for only a\
month when he )Tj
T*
(wrote his memo. Suggesting that bin Ladens followers might be taking fly\
ing lessons for )Tj
T*
(terrorist purposes, he recommended a national program to track suspiciou\
s flight-school )Tj
T*
(students. FBI headquarters, however, did not institute such a program.)Tj
ET
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(24 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-28.08 -2.60333 Td
(Blocking the FBI in Minneapolis)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(In mid-August of 2001, the staff at a flight school in Minneapolis calle\
d the local FBI to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(report their suspicion that Zacarias Moussaoui, who had paid to train on\
a Boeing 747 )Tj
T*
(simulator, was planning to use a real 747 "as a weapon.")Tj
ET
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373.685 452.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(25 After the Minneapolis FBI )Tj
-22.59 -1.33333 Td
(agents arrested Moussaoui and discovered many suspicious things about hi\
m, they asked )Tj
T*
(FBI headquarters for a warrant to search his laptop computer and other p\
ossessions. )Tj
T*
(However, even though FBI headquarters received additional information ab\
out )Tj
T*
(Moussaoui from France\227which according to French officials clearly sho\
wed that he )Tj
T*
(posed a threat )Tj
ET
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121.895 360.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(26\227 senior FBI officials said that the information "was too sketchy t\
o )Tj
-5.804 -1.33333 Td
(justify a search warrant for his computer.")Tj
ET
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(27 But the Minneapolis agents, having seen )Tj
-16.87601 -1.33333 Td
(the French intelligence report, were "in a frenzy," with one agent specu\
lating that )Tj
T*
(Moussaoui might "fly something into the World Trade Center.")Tj
ET
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(28 Becoming "desperate )Tj
-25.39799 -1.33333 Td
(to search the computer lap top," the Minneapolis agents sent a request t\
hrough FBI )Tj
T*
(headquarters for a search warrant under the Foreign Intelligence Surveil\
lance Act )Tj
T*
(\(FISA\), which would be certain to grant it, because in the past its of\
ficials had granted )Tj
T*
(virtually all requests.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(29 )Tj
-8.416 -2.60001 Td
(At FBI headquarters, however, the request was given to the Radical Funda\
mentalist Unit )Tj
T*
(\(RFU\), one of whose agents criticized the Minneapolis FBI supervisor f\
or getting people )Tj
T*
("spun up" over Moussaoui\227but without telling this supervisor about th\
e memo from )Tj
T*
(Ken Williams in Phoenix, which the head of the RFU had received.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(30 The Minneapolis )Tj
-27.024 -1.33333 Td
(request was then given to RFU agent Marion "Spike" Bowman, who lived up \
to his )Tj
T*
(nickname by proceeding to remove the evidence that Moussaoui was connect\
ed to al-)Tj
T*
(Qaeda through a rebel group in Chechnya. Then the FBI Deputy General Cou\
nsel, on the )Tj
T*
(basis of this edited request, said that there was insufficient connectio\
n to al-Qaeda for a )Tj
T*
(search warrant and did not even forward the request to FISA.)Tj
ET
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(31 Minneapolis FBI legal )Tj
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(officer Coleen Rowley asked: "Why would an FBI agent deliberately sabota\
ge a case?" )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Other agents in the Minneapolis office joked that those at headquarters \
who blocked the )Tj
T*
(request "had to be spies or moles...working for Osama bin Laden," while \
one agent )Tj
T*
(concluded that FBI headquarters was "setting this up for failure.")Tj
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(32 )Tj
-26.034 -2.60001 Td
(It is interesting to compare this account of what happened with the "fin\
ding" in the Joint )Tj
T*
(Inquiry's summary of its final report, which says that "personnel at FBI\
Headquarters, )Tj
T*
(including the Radical Fundamentalist Unit and the National Security Law \
Unit, as well as )Tj
T*
(agents in the Minneapolis field office, misunderstood the legal standard\
for obtaining an )Tj
T*
(order under FISA," having "the perception...that the FISA process was le\
ngthy and )Tj
T*
(fraught with peril." According to this finding, there was no sabotage, j\
ust )Tj
T*
(misunderstanding all around, even in Minneapolis. Given the fact that th\
is report was )Tj
T*
(published many months after Coleen Rowley's blistering memo, discussed b\
elow, )Tj
T*
(became part of the public record, it is puzzling how the Joint Inquiry c\
ould have thought )Tj
T*
(that the agents in Minneapolis were confused. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In any case, the Minneapolis FBI agents were unable to examine Moussaoui\
's computer )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and other personal effects until after the 9/11 attacks.)Tj
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(33 Following that search, the )Tj
-21.245 -1.33333 Td
(former FBI Deputy Director said that the computer contained "nothing sig\
nificant...)Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(pertaining to 9/11," but the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(cited congressional investigators as saying )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that "the evidence that lay unexamined in Zacarias Moussaouis possession\
was even )Tj
T*
(more valuable than previously believed," as it connected him "to the mai\
n hijacking cell )Tj
T*
(in Hamburg" and to "an al-Qaeda associate in Malaysia whose activities [\
had been] )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(monitored by the CIA.")Tj
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(34 The )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(concluded that the Moussaoui case )Tj
-9.463 -1.33333 Td
("raised new questions about why the Federal Bureau of Investigation and \
other agencies )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(did not prevent the hijackings.")Tj
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(35 )Tj
-12.54601 -2.60001 Td
(Three days after 9/11, FBI Director Mueller, who had only recently been \
appointed to )Tj
T*
(this position, made his previously quoted statement: "There were no warn\
ing signs that )Tj
T*
(I'm aware of that would indicate this type of operation in the country."\
Coleen Rowley )Tj
T*
(and other Minneapolis agents tried to reach his office to make him aware\
of the )Tj
T*
(Moussaoui case so that his "public statements could be accordingly modif\
ied," yet )Tj
T*
(Mueller continued to make similar comments, including his testimony in a\
Senate )Tj
T*
(hearing on May 8, 2002, that "there was nothing the agency could have do\
ne to anticipate )Tj
T*
(and prevent the attacks.")Tj
ET
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(36 According to reports of this hearing, however, Mueller )Tj
-9.85001 -1.33333 Td
(finally had to admit that a month before 9/11, one FBI agent had specula\
ted "at a high-)Tj
T*
(level meeting that Moussaoui might have been taking lessons to enable hi\
m to crash an )Tj
T*
(aircraft into the World Trade Center in New York.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(37 Two weeks later, Rowley )Tj
-20.597 -1.33333 Td
(released a long memo she had written about the FBI's handling of the Mou\
ssaoui case, )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(which )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(magazine called a "colossal indictment of our chief law-enforcement )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(agency's neglect.")Tj
ET
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(38 After this memo became publicized, Mueller modified his public )Tj
-7.19701 -1.33333 Td
(stance slightly, saying: "I cannot say for sure that there wasn't a poss\
ibility we could have )Tj
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(come across some lead that would have led us to the hijackers.")Tj
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(39 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-25.459 -2.60333 Td
(Blocking the FBI in Chicago)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(In 1998, FBI agent Robert Wright had begun tracking a terrorist cell in \
Chicago, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(suspecting that money used for the 1998 bombings of US embassies came fr\
om a Saudi )Tj
T*
(multimillionaire living in Chicago. In January of 2001, in spite of his \
belief that his case )Tj
T*
(was growing stronger, he was told that it was being closed. In June, he \
wrote an internal )Tj
T*
(memo charging that the FBI, rather than trying to prevent a terrorist at\
tack, "was merely )Tj
T*
(gathering intelligence so they would know who to arrest when a terrorist\
attack )Tj
T*
(occurred.")Tj
ET
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(40 In May of 2002, Wright announced jhat he was suing the FBI for refusi\
ng )Tj
-4.15601 -1.33333 Td
(to allow him to publish a book he had written about the affair. Included\
in his description )Tj
T*
(of the actions of his superiors in curtailing his investigations were wo\
rds such as )Tj
T*
("prevented," "thwarted," "obstructed," "threatened," "intimidated," and \
"retaliation.")Tj
ET
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(41 )Tj
-33.724 -1.33333 Td
(In a later interview, reporting that he had been told that his case was \
being closed )Tj
T*
(because it was "better to let sleeping dogs lie," he said: "Those dogs w\
eren't sleeping, )Tj
T*
(they were training, they were getting ready.... September the 11th is a \
direct result of the )Tj
T*
(incompetence of the FBI's International Terrorism Unit." Chicago federal\
prosecutor )Tj
T*
(Mark Flessner, who also worked on the case, evidently thought that somet\
hing other than )Tj
T*
(incompetence was involved, saying that there "were powers bigger than I \
was in the )Tj
T*
(Justice Department and within the FBI that simply were not going to let \
[the building of a )Tj
T*
(criminal case] happen.")Tj
ET
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(42 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-9.433 -2.60333 Td
(Blocking the FBI in New York)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(On August 28, 2001, the FBI office in New York, believing Khalid Almihdh\
ar\227who )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(would later be named as one of the hijackers\227had been involved in the\
bombing of the )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(USS Cole, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(tried to convince FBI headquarters to open a criminal investigation. But\
the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(New York request was turned down on the grounds that Almilidhar could no\
t be tied to )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(the )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Cole )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(investigation without the inclusion of sensitive intelligence informatio\
n. One )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(New York agent expressed his frustration in an e-mail letter, saying, "W\
hatever has )Tj
T*
(happened to this\227someday someone will die\227and...the public will no\
t understand why )Tj
T*
(we were not more effective.... Let's hope the [FBI's] National Security \
Law Unit will )Tj
T*
(stand behind their decisions then, especially since the biggest threat t\
o us now, UBL )Tj
T*
([Usama bin Laden], is getting the most 'protection.'")Tj
ET
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(43 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-20.905 -2.60333 Td
(Justice for a Spy)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(Sibel Edmonds and Can Dickerson were both hired by the FBI as translator\
s after the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(9/11 attacks. Edmonds soon informed her superiors that Dickerson had pre\
viously )Tj
T*
(worked for a particular foreign organization, which was being investigat\
ed by the FBI, )Tj
T*
(and that Dickerson was mistranslating, or even not translating at all, s\
ensitive )Tj
ET
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(information regarding this organization. Edmonds informed her superiors,\
furthermore, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that Dickerson had threatened her for refusing to work as a spy for this\
organization. But, )Tj
T*
(Edmonds reported, the FBI failed to respond to her complaints, which she\
had made )Tj
T*
(more than once, so in March she wrote a letter to the Inspector General \
of the )Tj
T*
(Department of Justice, soon after which she was fired. Claiming that she\
was fired for )Tj
T*
(whistleblowing, she sued. In October, at FBI Director Mueller's request,\
Attorney )Tj
T*
(General Ashcroft, appealing to the privilege of state secrets "to protec\
t the foreign policy )Tj
T*
(and national security interests of the United States," asked a judge to \
throw out Edmonds' )Tj
T*
(lawsuit.)Tj
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(44 Critics wonder, of course, why the national security of the United St\
ates )Tj
-3.13901 -1.33333 Td
(would be protected by ignoring a claim that a spy for a foreign organiza\
tion being )Tj
T*
(investigated by the FBI was sabotaging that investigation. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Schippers and FBI Agents Versus the US Government)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(On September 13, 2001, Attorney David Schippers\227who was the Chief Inv\
estigative )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Counsel for the US House of Representatives' Judiciary Committee in 1998\
and its chief )Tj
T*
(prosecutor for the impeachment of President Clinton in 1999\227publicly \
stated that he had )Tj
T*
(attempted to warn Attorney General Ashcroft about attacks planned for "l\
ower )Tj
T*
(Manhattan" six weeks beforehand, based on information he had received fr\
om FBI )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(agents. In this and subsequent statements, Schippers said that )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(the dates and targets )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(of the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(attacks as well as the names and funding sources of the hijackers were k\
nown by these )Tj
T*
(agents months in advance. Schippers claimed further that the FBI curtail\
ed these )Tj
T*
(investigations, then threatened the agents with prosecution if they went\
public with their )Tj
T*
(information. At that time, Schippers further stated, the agents asked hi\
m to try to use his )Tj
T*
(influence to get the government to take action to prevent the attacks. H\
aving failed in that )Tj
T*
(effort, Schippers agreed to represent some of the agents in a suit again\
st the federal )Tj
T*
(government, during which, if subpoenaed, they would be able to tell thei\
r story without )Tj
T*
(fear of prosecution.)Tj
ET
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(45 )Tj
-7.80299 -2.60001 Td
(Because of this suit, Schippers\227like the public interest law firm Jud\
icial Watch, which )Tj
T*
(joined forces with him on this case\227is not a disinterested witness. B\
ut Schippers' )Tj
T*
(allegations have been corroborated, Ahmed points out, in a story by Will\
iam Norman )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Grigg in a conservative rnagazine, )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(The New American. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Gngg, having interviewed three )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(FBI agents reported that they had confirmed "that the information provid\
ed to Schippers )Tj
T*
(was widely known within the Bureau before September 11th." One of them r\
eportedly )Tj
T*
(said that some of the FBI field agents\227who were some of the "most exp\
erienced )Tj
T*
(guys"\227"predicted, almost precisely, what happened on September 11th."\
He also said )Tj
T*
(that it was widely known "all over the Bureau, how these [warnings] were\
ignored by )Tj
T*
(Washington.")Tj
ET
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(46 )Tj
-5.491 -2.60001 Td
(These reports make even more puzzling how the Joint Inquiry could have c\
oncluded, as )Tj
T*
(mentioned in the previous chapter, that none of the information availabl\
e to the )Tj
ET
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(intelligence community "identified the time place, and specific nature o\
f the attacks that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(were planned for September 11, 2001." It seems that at least one US inte\
lligence agency )Tj
T*
(had this kind of very specific advance knowledge. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Visa and Watch List Violations)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(Immediately after 9/11, a number of irregularities regarding the alleged\
hijackers became )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(known. It was learned, for example, that Mohamed Atta, considered the ri\
ngleader, was )Tj
T*
(allowed back in the United States three times in 2001, in spite of the f\
act that he had let )Tj
T*
(his visa expire in 2000, had violated his visa by taking flying lessons,\
was known to have )Tj
T*
(terrorist connections, and was under FBI surveillance. It was reported, \
furthermore, that )Tj
T*
(evidently over 50 people were involved in planning 9/11. These facts led\
to this criticism )Tj
T*
(in a review by Accuracy in Media \(AIM\): )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Yet the conspirators proceeded unmolested. What is striking is how safe \
)Tj
T*
(these people apparently felt, how unthreatened by law enforcement.... Th\
ey )Tj
T*
(left and entered the country unimpeded. Some were reportedly on the so-)Tj
T*
(called "watch list".... Yet this apparently caused them no problems.)Tj
ET
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(47)Tj
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(The critics suspect, of course, that something other than incompetence m\
ight account for )Tj
T*
(this pattern. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(The Question of the True Identity of the Hijackers)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(Although this issue does not, strictly speaking, belong in this chapter,\
I should explain )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(why I have been qualifying "hijackers" with the adjective "alleged." One\
of the )Tj
T*
(unanswered questions about 9/11 is whether the hijackings were really ca\
rried out by any )Tj
T*
(of the men later named.Shortly after the attacks, stories appeared in ne\
wspapers )Tj
T*
(suggesting that at leastfive of the men identified by the FBI as 9/11 hi\
jackers were still )Tj
T*
(alive, and these stories were supported by reports of "stolen identities\
.")Tj
ET
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(48 The )Tj
-28.423 -1.33333 Td
(Saudiembassy in Washington, reports Meyssan, said that Abdulaziz al-Omar\
i )Tj
T*
(\(supposedly the pilot of Flight 11, which crashed into the North Tower \
of the WTC\), )Tj
T*
(Mohand al-Shehri, Salem al-Hazmi, and Saeed al-Bhamdi were all alive and\
living in )Tj
T*
(Saudi Arabia. Meyssan also says that a fifth alleged hijacker, Waleed M.\
al-Shehri, "gave )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(an interview to the Arab-language daily, )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Al-Quds al-Arabi, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(based in London.")Tj
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(49 One )Tj
-31.209 -1.33333 Td
(report even said that "investigators are studying the possibility that t\
he entire suicide )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(squad consisted of impostors.")Tj
ET
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218.45 153.5524 l
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(50 FBI Director Mueller, however, later claimed: "We at )Tj
-12.241 -1.33333 Td
(this point definitely know the 19 hijackers who were responsible.")Tj
ET
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(51 "Yet many of the )Tj
-26.51601 -1.33333 Td
(names and photos are known to be wrong," says Thompson. "Perhaps embarra\
ssing facts )Tj
T*
(would come out if we knew their real names.")Tj
ET
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311.315 95.5524 l
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(52 )Tj
-18.43201 -2.60001 Td
(Another report that creates suspicion regarding the official story, acco\
rding to which the )Tj
T*
(hijackers were "fundamentalist" Muslims, is that between May and August \
of 2001, )Tj
ET
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(several of the alleged hijackers, including Mohamed Atta, reportedly mad\
e at least six )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(visits to Las Vegas, during which they drank alcohol, gambled, and frequ\
ented strip )Tj
T*
(clubs, where they had lap dances performed for them.)Tj
ET
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(53 Is this something that true )Tj
-21.494 -1.33333 Td
(believers would do shortly before going on a suicide mission to meet the\
ir maker? )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(There are also grounds for suspicion that evidence was planted to connec\
t some of the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(alleged hijackers to the flights. On 9/11, for example, authorities foun\
d two of Attas )Tj
T*
(bags, which failed to get loaded onto Flight 11. These bags contained va\
rious items, )Tj
T*
(including flight simulation manuals for Boeing airplanes, a copy of the \
Koran, a religious )Tj
T*
(cassette tape, a note to other hijackers about mental preparation, and A\
ttas will, passport, )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(and international drivers license. A reporter for the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New Yorker )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(later wrote: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(many of the investigators believe that some of the initial clues that we\
re )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(uncovered about the terrorists' identities and preparations, such as fli\
ght )Tj
T*
(manuals, were meant to be found. A former high-level intelligence offici\
al )Tj
T*
(told me, "Whatever trail was left was left deliberately\227for the FBI t\
o )Tj
T*
(chase.")Tj
-2.66667 -1.61665 Td
(As Thompson asks, why would Atta have planned to bring his will "onto a \
plane he knew )Tj
T*
(would be destroyed?")Tj
ET
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165.095 466.26024 l
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(>)Tj
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(54 Also suspicious was the discovery, a few blocks from the )Tj
-8.68401 -1.33333 Td
(WTC on the day after 9/11, of the passport of alleged hijacker Satam al-\
Suqami.)Tj
ET
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517.67 446.26024 l
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(>)Tj
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(55 One )Tj
-32.189 -1.33333 Td
(newspaper\227 reflecting the fact that it was widely but mistakenly repo\
rted that the )Tj
T*
(passport belonged to Atta\227said "the idea that Atta's passport had esc\
aped from that )Tj
T*
(inferno unsinged [strains] credulity.")Tj
ET
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(56 )Tj
-14.739 -2.60001 Td
(These stories suggest that the truth about what happened on 9/11 may be \
even further )Tj
T*
(from the official account than suggested by the evidence I have cited pr\
ior to this section. )Tj
T*
(Meyssan, for example, proposes that "the FBI invented a list of hijacker\
s from which it )Tj
T*
(drew an identikit portrait of the enemies of the West.")Tj
ET
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358.39999 297.26024 l
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(57 I will, however, not pursue this )Tj
-21.571 -1.33333 Td
(question further. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(============= )Tj
T*
(This chapter obviously provides additional evidence against any position\
weaker than the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(third possible view, because it suggests that at least one US agency\227\
the FBI\227had )Tj
T*
(specific advance knowledge of the plot and took deliberate steps to prev\
ent this plot from )Tj
T*
(being uncovered. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Tyrone Powers, a former FBI special agent, is quoted by Ahmed as saying \
that within the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(intelligence community, "on occasion, [damaging] acts are allowed if in \
the minds of the )Tj
T*
(decision makers, they will lead to 'greater good.'" One of the FBI agent\
s interviewed by )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Grigg for )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The New American )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(said: "There's got to be more to this than we can see.... )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Obviously, people had to know.... Its terrible to think this, but this m\
ust have been )Tj
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(>)Tj
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(58 The critics of the official account )Tj
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(have some suggestions as to what this agenda might have been. )Tj
ET
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(FOOTNOTES to chapter 6)Tj
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(hint: )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(press the BACK-button on your browser to jump back to the original text-\
location)Tj
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/TT0 1 Tf
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(1)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 634.03688 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 18, 2002, cited in Thompson, "Timeline," December 4, )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(1998. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 600.33597 Tm
(2)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 596.49597 Tm
("Timeline," January 25, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 580.79504 Tm
(3)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 576.95505 Tm
(This man's name is also sometimes spelled Massood, Massoud, Masoud, and \
Masud. I )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(have followed Chossudovsky's spelling, Masood. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 543.25414 Tm
(4)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 539.41414 Tm
(ABC News, February 18, 2002, cited in "Timeline," 2001 \(this item is pl\
aced at the )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(beginning of the items for 2001\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 505.71323 Tm
(5)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 501.87323 Tm
(Jane's Intelligence Review, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 5, 2001, quoted in "Timeline," March 7, 2001. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 486.13858 Tm
(6)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 482.29858 Tm
(Richard Labeviere, "CIA Agent Allegedly Met Bin Laden in July," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Le Figaro, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(31; Anthony Sampson, "CIA Agent Alleged to Have Met bin Laden in July," \
)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(November 1; Adam Sage, "Ailing bin Laden 'Treated for Kidney Disease,'" \
)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(London )Tj
T*
(Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 1; Agence France-Presse, November 1; Radio France International\
, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(November 1; and Reuters, November 10, 2001; cited in "Timeline," July 4-\
14 and July )Tj
T*
(12, 2001, and in Ahmed, 207-09. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 376.47119 Tm
(7)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 372.6312 Tm
("Timeline," July 4-14, 2001. )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(This statement \(quoted in Ahmed, 209\) occurs in Chossudovsky's Introdu\
ction to )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Labeviere's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Le Figaro )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(article \(see note 6\), which is on the website of the Centre for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Research on Globalisation \(www.globalresearch.ca/ articles/RIClllB.html\
\), November 2, )Tj
T*
(2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 284.88812 Tm
(9)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 281.04811 Tm
(See the evidence in the section entitled "Bush and Bin Laden Family Ties\
" in Ahmed, )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(179-87. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 247.3472 Tm
(10)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 243.5072 Tm
(See the section entided "Osama: Not a Black Sheep," in Ahmed, 178-79. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 227.80629 Tm
(11)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 223.96629 Tm
(See the sections entided "Osama and the Saudis: A Covert Alliance," "The\
US-Saudi )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Alliance," and "Osamagate?" in Ahmed, 187-202. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 190.26538 Tm
(12)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 186.42537 Tm
(Patrick E. Tyler, "Fearing Harm, Bin Laden Kin Fled from US," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(September 30, 2001, and Jane Mayer, "The House of Bin Laden: A Family's,\
and a )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Nation's, Divided Loyalties," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New Yorker, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 12, 2001. \(Michael Moore reports )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that it was reading these stories that first made him suspicious about t\
he official account )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(of 9/11; see )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dude, Where's My Country )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
([New York: Warner Books, 2003], 3-5.\) )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 98.64014 Tm
(13)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 94.80014 Tm
(New Yorker, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 14, 2002, cited in "Timeline," August 22, 2001 \(B\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 79.09923 Tm
(14)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 75.25923 Tm
(CNN, January 8, 2002, and Lara Marlowe, "US Efforts to Make Peace Summed\
Up by )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Oil," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Irish Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 19, 2001, cited in "Timeline," Mid-July 2001 and Ahmed, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(206. )Tj
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(15)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 799.67616 Tm
(Ahmed, 191-92, quoting Tariq Ali, "The Real Muslim Extremists," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New Statesman, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(October 1, 2001. A "Wahhabi" is a follower of Wahhabism, the extreme for\
m of Muslim )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
("fundamentalism" dominant in, and promoted by, Saudi Arabia. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 747.97523 Tm
(16)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 744.13524 Tm
(On Posner's general perspective about 9/11, see note 31 of the Introduct\
ion, above. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 728.43433 Tm
(17)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 724.59433 Tm
(Gerald Posner, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Why America Slept: The Failure to Prevent 9/11 )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Random )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(House, 2003\), 181-88. Posner's case for the credibility of this account\
is that, besides the )Tj
T*
(fact that it was provided independently by two informants within the US \
government, he )Tj
T*
(also had independent confirmation of the described interrogation techniq\
ues from a )Tj
T*
(member of the Defense Intelligence Agency \(180n.\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 636.89342 Tm
(18)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 633.05342 Tm
(Ibid., 188-93. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 617.35251 Tm
(19)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 613.5125 Tm
(Ibid., 193. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 597.81158 Tm
(20)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 593.97159 Tm
(Gregory Palast and David Pallister, "FBI Claims Bin Laden Inquiry Was Fr\
ustrated," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 7, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 111. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 560.22852 Tm
(21)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 556.38852 Tm
("Above the Law: Bush's Radical Coup d'Etat and Intelligence Shutdown," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Green Press, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(February 14, 2000 \(www.greenpress.org\), quoted in Ahmed, 186. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 522.68761 Tm
(22)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 518.8476 Tm
(Palast and Pallister, "FBI Claims Bin Laden Inquiry Was Frustrated," quo\
ted in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Ahmed, 111. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 485.14668 Tm
(23)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 481.30669 Tm
("Excerpts from Report on Intelligence Actions and the September 11 Attac\
ks," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(July 25, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 447.56361 Tm
(24)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 443.72362 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 19 and 20, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Fortune, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 22, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Los Angeles Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 26, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2002, cited in "Timeline," July 10 and December, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 410.02271 Tm
(25)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 406.18271 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(February 8, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," August 13-15, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 390.4818 Tm
(26)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 386.64178 Tm
(This warning was reported in Jean-Charles Brisard and Guillaume Dasquie,\
)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Forbidden )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Truth: US-Taliban Secret Oil Diplomacy and the Failed Hunt for Bin Laden\
)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: )Tj
T*
(Thunders Mouth Press/Nation Books, 2002\), 53-55. Brisard is a former ag\
ent of the )Tj
T*
(French secret service. Wayne Madsen, in his introduction to the book, sa\
ys that when the )Tj
T*
(book was first published in France in November of 2001, "skeptics inside\
and outside the )Tj
T*
(US government scoffed at the authors' contention that French intelligenc\
e had warned the )Tj
T*
(FBI about the terrorist connections and ongoing flight training in the U\
nited States of )Tj
T*
(Zacarias Moussaoui," but that they were then confronted with "incontrove\
rtible )Tj
T*
(validation of this information" when Coleen Rowley's memo became public \
\(xv\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 226.89871 Tm
(27)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 223.05872 Tm
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 4, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," August 15 and August 22, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 207.3578 Tm
(28)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 203.51781 Tm
(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 20, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," August 23-27, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 187.81689 Tm
(29)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 183.97688 Tm
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 21 and May 27, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 27, 2002, quoted in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
("Timeline," August 23-27, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 150.27597 Tm
(30)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 146.43597 Tm
(Senate Intelligence Committee, October 17, 2002, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 21,2002, cited in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
("Timeline," August 24-29, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 112.73506 Tm
(31)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 108.89507 Tm
(Senate Intelligence Committee, October 17, 2002, cited in "Timeline," Au\
gust 28, 2001 )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(\(B\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 75.19415 Tm
(32)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 71.35416 Tm
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(July 21 and 27, 2002, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Sydney Morning Herald, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(July 28, 2002, cited in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
("Timeline," August 23-27 and August 28, 2001. )Tj
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15 0 0 15 38.375 801.46365 Tm
(Time May 21 and 27, and Sydney Morning Herald, May 28, 2002' cited in "T\
imeline," )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(August 23-27 and August 28, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 767.76274 Tm
(34)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 763.92274 Tm
(Washington Post, June 6, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," June 3, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 748.22183 Tm
(35)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 744.38182 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 22, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 95. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 728.68091 Tm
(36)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 724.84091 Tm
(Senate Intelligence Committee, September 18, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 21, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(May 30, 2002, cited in "Timeline," May 8, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 691.14 Tm
(37)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 687.3 Tm
(Ian Bruce, "FBI 'Super Flying Squad' to Combat Terror," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Herald, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 16, 2002, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(quoted in Ahmed, 112, who also refers to Brian Blomquist, "FBI Man's Chi\
lling 9/11 )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Prediction," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 9, 2002 \(www.nypost.com\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 635.55693 Tm
(38)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 631.71692 Tm
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 27, 2002 quoted in "timeline" May 21, 2001 \(A\)" )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 616.01601 Tm
(39)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 612.17601 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 30, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," May 21, 2001 \(A\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 596.4751 Tm
(40)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 592.6351 Tm
(United Press International, May 30, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," June 9, \
2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 576.93419 Tm
(41)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 573.09419 Tm
(LA Weekly, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 2, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," May 30, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 557.39328 Tm
(42)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 553.55327 Tm
(ABC News, November 26 and December 19, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," Octob\
er, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(1998. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 519.85236 Tm
(43)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 516.01236 Tm
(Congressional Intelligence Committee, September 20, 2002, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(September 21, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," August 28, 2001 \(A\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 482.31145 Tm
(44)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 478.47145 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 19, Cox News, August 14, and Associated Press, October 18, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2002, cited in "Timeline," March 22, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 444.77054 Tm
(45)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 440.93053 Tm
(Alex Jones Show, October 10; )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(World Net Daily, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 21; "David Schippers Goes )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Public: The FBI Was Warned," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Indianapolis Star, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 13; and "Active FBI Special )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Agent Files Complaint Concerning Obstructed FBI Anti-Terrorist Investiga\
tions, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
("Judicial Watch, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 14, 2001; cited in Ahmed, 107-09, and "Timeline," late July )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(2001 \(B\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 353.14529 Tm
(46)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 349.3053 Tm
(William Norman Grigg, "Did We Know What Was Coming?", )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New American )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(18/5: )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(March 11, 2002 \(www.thencwamerican.com\), cited in Ahmed, 110-11. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 315.60439 Tm
(47)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 311.76439 Tm
(Catastrophic Intelligence Failure," Accuracy In Media \(www.aim.org\), S\
eptember 24, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2001, quoted in Ahmed, 95-97. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 278.06348 Tm
(48)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 274.22348 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 21, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Telegraph, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 23, 2001, and BBC, August 1, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2002, cited in "Timeline," September 16-23, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 240.52257 Tm
(49)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 236.68256 Tm
(Meyssan, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(54. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 220.98164 Tm
(50)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 217.14165 Tm
(London Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 20, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 201.44073 Tm
(51)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 197.60074 Tm
(Associated Press, November 3, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 181.89983 Tm
(52)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 178.05981 Tm
("Timeline," September 16-23, 2001. One more intriguing bit of informatio\
n that )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Thompson gives involves the reported telephone call from Amy Sweeney, a \
flight )Tj
T*
(attendant on Flight 11, to American Airlines ground manager Michael Wood\
ward, which )Tj
T*
(began shortly after the plane was hijacked and continued until the plane\
hit the WTC. )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(According to reports, she identified four hijackers, but they were )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(the four said to be )Tj
T*
(on the plane \(Thompson [8:21 AM], citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston Globe, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 23, 2001, and ABC )Tj
T*
(News, July 18, 2002 Thompson adds that the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston Globe says )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(that it has a transcript of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the call. )Tj
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("Timeline," May 2001 [Q\), citing )Tj
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(San Francisco Chronicle, )Tj
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(October 4, and )Tj
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(Newsweek, )Tj
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(October 15, 2001. )Tj
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(54)Tj
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(Timeline," September 11, 2001 \(J\), citing Associated Press, October 5,\
2001, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston )Tj
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(Globe, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 18, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Independent, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 29, 2001, along with )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New Yorker )Tj
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(October 1, 2001. )Tj
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(55)Tj
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(ABC News, September 12 and 16, and Associated Press, September 16, 2001,\
cited in )Tj
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(Timeline," September 12, 2001. )Tj
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(Guardian, )Tj
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(March 19, 2002. )Tj
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(57)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
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(9/11: The Big Lie, 56.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
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(58)Tj
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(Ahmed, 132, 110-11, quoting Dennis Shipman, "The Spook Who Sat Behind th\
e Door )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(A Modern Day Tale," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(IndyMedia, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 20, 2002 \()Tj
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(http://portland.indymedia.org\))Tj
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(, and )Tj
-19.987 -1.33614 Td
(William Norman Grigg, "Did We Know What Was Coming?" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New American )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(18/5: )Tj
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(March 11, 2002 \(www.thenewamerican.com\). )Tj
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(CHAPTER SEVEN)Tj
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(DID US OFFICIALS HAVE REASONS FOR ALLOWING 9/11?)Tj
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(The wars waged by the US government in Afghanistan and Iraq have been po\
rtrayed as )Tj
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(part of its "war on terrorism." These wars have been, in other words, ju\
stified as )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(responses )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(to the terrorist attacks of 9/11. However, say critics of the official a\
ccount, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(these wars were actually on the agenda of the Bush administration long b\
efore the )Tj
T*
(attacks. Furthermore, they claim, these wars were part of an even larger\
agenda. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
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(Pre-9/11 Plans to Attack Afghanistan)Tj
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(With regard to Afghanistan, Ahmed, drawing on various sources,)Tj
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(1 calls it a matter of )Tj
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(public record that "corresponding with the growing shift in US policy ag\
ainst the )Tj
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(Taliban, a military invasion of Afghanistan was planned long before 11th\
September.")Tj
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(2 )Tj
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(Ahmed and Thompson both suggest that at least one of the fundamental pur\
poses behind )Tj
T*
(this plan was to facilitate a huge project of a consortium of oil compan\
ies known as )Tj
T*
(CentGas \(Central Asia Gas Pipeline\). This consortium, which includes D\
elta Oil of Saudi )Tj
T*
(Arabia, was formed by Unocal, one of the oil giants of the United States\
, to build )Tj
T*
(pipelines through Afghanistan and Pakistan for transporting oil and gas \
from )Tj
T*
(Turkmenistan to the Indian Ocean. In September of 2000, a year before 9/\
11, an Energy )Tj
T*
(Information Fact Sheet, published by the US government, said: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Afghanistan's significance from an energy standpoint stems from its )Tj
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(geographic position as a potential transit route for oil and natural gas\
)Tj
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(exports from Central Asia to the Arabian Sea. This potential includes )Tj
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(proposed multibillion dollar oil and gas export pipelines through )Tj
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(Afghanistan.)Tj
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(At one time, Unocal and Washington had hoped that thcTaliban would provi\
de sufficient )Tj
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(stability for their project to move forward, but they had lost this hope\
. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Providing some background, Ahmed and Thompson explain that the Taliban w\
as )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(originally created by the CIA, working in conjunction with Pakistan's IS\
I \(Inter-Services )Tj
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(Intelligence\), with additional financial support from Saudi Arabia.)Tj
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(4 According to )Tj
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(Ahmed Rashid's well-known book )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Taliban, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(the pipeline project was central to this )Tj
T*
(support: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Impressed by the ruthlessness and willingness of the then-emerging Talib\
an )Tj
T*
(to cut a pipeline deal, the State Department and Pakistan's Inter-Servic\
es )Tj
T*
(Intelligence agency agreed to funnel arms and funding to the Taliban.)Tj
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(When the Taliban, with this financial support from Saudi Arabia and the \
CIA funneled )Tj
T*
(through the ISI, conquered Kabul in 1996, Unocal was hopeful that it wou\
ld provide )Tj
T*
(enough stability to allow its pipelines to be built and protected. Indee\
d, it was reported, )Tj
T*
("preliminary agreement [on the pipeline project] was reached between the\
[Taliban and )Tj
T*
(Unocal] long before the fall of Kabul.")Tj
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(6 Unocal even reportedly provided some of the )Tj
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(financial support for the Taliban.)Tj
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(7 The fact that the Taliban continued to serve the )Tj
-13.192 -1.33333 Td
(purposes of the ISI is illustrated, Thompson points out, by the fact tha\
t when Taliban )Tj
T*
(troops were about to conquer the major city in northern Afghanistan in 1\
998, an ISI )Tj
T*
(officer sent a message saying: "My boys and I are riding into Mazar-i- S\
harif.")Tj
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(8 In any )Tj
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(case, after the Taliban conquered this city, it had control of most of A\
fghanistan, )Tj
T*
(including the entire pipeline route. CentGas then announced that it was \
"ready to )Tj
T*
(proceed.")Tj
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(9 )Tj
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(Later that year, however, Unocal, having become dubious about the Taliba\
ns ability to )Tj
T*
(provide sufficient stability, pulled out of CentGas. From then on, says \
Ahmed, "the US )Tj
T*
(grew progressively more hostile toward the Taliban, and began exploring \
other )Tj
T*
(possibilities to secure its regional supremacy, while maintaining basic \
ties with the )Tj
T*
(regime, to negotiate a non-military solution.")Tj
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(10 )Tj
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(The final attempt to find a non-military solution reportedly occurred at\
a four-day )Tj
T*
(meeting in Berlin in July of 2001. The Bush administration tried to get \
the Taliban to )Tj
T*
(share power, thereby creating a joint government of "national unity." Ac\
cording to the )Tj
T*
(Pakistani representative at the meeting, Niaz Naik, one of the Americans\
said "either the )Tj
T*
(Taliban behave as they ought to...or we will use another option..a milit\
ary operation" )Tj
T*
(Another American reportedly told the Taliban: "Either you accept our off\
er of a carpet of )Tj
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(gold, or we bury you under a carpet of boobs.")Tj
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(11 Although one of the Americans later )Tj
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(denied that such a threat was made, one of them confirmed it, saying: "I\
think there was )Tj
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(some discussion of the fact that the United States was so disgusted with\
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T*
(they might be considering some military action.")Tj
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(12 )Tj
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(According to a BBC report, furthermore, Naik said that he was told by se\
nior American )Tj
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(officials that "military- action against Afghanistan would go ahead by t\
he middle of )Tj
T*
(October"\227that it would take place "before the snows started falling i\
n Afghanistan, by )Tj
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(the middle of October at the latest.")Tj
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(13 Thompson, noting that the United States started )Tj
-14.267 -1.33333 Td
(bombing Afghanistan on October 7, asks: "Is it coincidence that the atta\
cks begin exactly )Tj
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(when the US said they would, months before 9/11?")Tj
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(14 The supposition that it was )Tj
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(not )Tj
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(simply a coincidence is supported by an account from a former member of \
the South )Tj
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(Carolina National Guard, who later declared: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(My unit reported for drill in July 2001 and we were suddenly and )Tj
T*
(unexpectedly informed that all activities planned for the next two month\
s )Tj
T*
(would be suspended in order to prepare for a mobilization exercise to be\
)Tj
T*
(held on Sept. 14, 2001. We worked diligently for two weekends and even )Tj
T*
(came in on an unscheduled day in August to prepare for the exercise. By \
the )Tj
T*
(end of August all we needed was a phone call, which we were to expect, )Tj
T*
(and we could hop into a fully prepared convoy with our bags and equipmen\
t )Tj
T*
(packed.)Tj
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(If this report is true, it suggests that it was known in July that the a\
ttacks would occur )Tj
T*
(shortly before September 14. In any case, Niaz Naik also did not think t\
hat mere )Tj
T*
(coincidence was involved. The BBC report quoted him as saying that he "w\
as in no )Tj
T*
(doubt that after the World Trade Center bombings, this pre-existing US p\
lan had been )Tj
T*
(built upon and would be implemented within two or three weeks." )Tj
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(Naik also said it was doubtful that Washington would drop its plan even \
if bin Laden )Tj
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(were to be surrendered immediately by the Taliban, because "the wider ob\
jective was to )Tj
T*
(topple the Taleban [sic] regime and install a transitional government.")Tj
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(16 Ahmed and )Tj
-28.015 -1.33333 Td
(Thompson find this assessment of the wider objective, along with the vie\
w that included )Tj
T*
(facilitating the pipeline project, to be confirmed by subsequent events,\
such as the fact )Tj
T*
(commented upon in the following statement by a writer in an Israeli news\
paper: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(If one looks at the map of the big American bases created, one is struck\
by )Tj
T*
(the fact that they are completely identical to the route of the projecte\
d oil )Tj
T*
(pipeline to the Indian Ocean.... If I were a believer in conspiracy theo\
ry, I )Tj
T*
(would think that bin Laden is an American agent.)Tj
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(Thompson and Ahmed also point out that both the new Afghani prime minist\
er, Hamid )Tj
T*
(Karzai, and President Bush's special envoy to Afghanistan, Zalamy Khalil\
zad, were )Tj
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(previously on Unocals payroll. These appointments, Ahmed adds, "illustra\
te the )Tj
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(fundamental interests behind US military intervention in Afghanistan.")Tj
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(18 As early as )Tj
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(October 10, Ahmed further notes, the US Department of State had informed\
the Pakistani )Tj
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(Minister of Oil that "in view of recent geopolitical developments," Unoc\
al was ready to )Tj
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(19 In light of this background, Ahmed concludes that )Tj
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(9/11 was more the "trigger" than the reason for the US war in Afghanista\
n.)Tj
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(20 )Tj
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(Pre-9/11 Plans to Attack Iraq)Tj
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(In a statement in early March of 2002, President Bush, after saying that\
he was not very )Tj
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(concerned about Osama bin Laden, added: "I am deeply concerned about Ira\
q.")Tj
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(21 )Tj
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(Thompson and Ahmed believe that this was not a recent concern, that the \
war against )Tj
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(Iraq, like the war against Afghanistan, had already been planned by US o\
fficials prior to )Tj
T*
(9/11. )Tj
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(Part of the evidence for this claim is found in the document )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Rebuilding America's )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Defenses: Strategy, Forces, and Resources for a New Century, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(which I briefly mentioned )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(in the Introduction. This document was published in September of 2000 by\
the Project )Tj
T*
(for the New American Century \(PNAC\), a neo-conservative think tank tha\
t was formed )Tj
T*
(by many people who went on to become insiders in the Bush admnistration,\
including )Tj
T*
(Dick Cheney, Donald Rumsfeld, Paul Wolfowitz \(Rumsfeld's deputy at the \
Defense )Tj
T*
(Department\), and Lewis "Scooter" Libby \(Cheney's Chief of Staff\) )Tj
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(22 With regard to )Tj
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(the question of whether the 2003 war against Iraq was really motivated b\
y the perceived )Tj
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(need to eliminate Saddam, as these men would then claim, the following p\
assage in )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(Rebuilding America's Defenses)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \(quoted by Thomspon\) is relevant: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(The United States has for decades sought to play a more permanent role i\
n )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Gulf regional security. While the unresolved conflict with Iraq provides\
the )Tj
T*
(immediate justification, the need for a substantial American force prese\
nce )Tj
T*
(in the Gulf transcends the issue of the regime of Saddam Hussein.)Tj
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(23)Tj
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(The main thing, in other words, was getting a "substantial American forc\
e presence in the )Tj
T*
(Gulf," with Saddam providing the "immediate justification." Edward Herma\
n also points )Tj
T*
(to the importance of this document for assessing the sincerity of the pu\
blic rationale )Tj
T*
(given for the war: "Key members of the Bush administration," points out \
Herman, "had )Tj
T*
(announced an aim of 'toppling Saddam Hussein back in 2000 in the publica\
tion of the )Tj
T*
(Project for the New American Century.")Tj
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(24 )Tj
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(This group made an even earlier statement of this aim in a letter to Pre\
sident Clinton in )Tj
T*
(January of 1998, urging him to adopt a strategy aimed at "the removal of\
Saddam )Tj
T*
(Hussein's regime from power." This letter, signed by Donald Rumsfeld, Pa\
ul Wolfowitz, )Tj
T*
(and Richard Perle, among others, urged Clinton "to take the necessary st\
eps, including )Tj
T*
(military steps, to protect our vital interests in the Gulf," adding that\
"American policy )Tj
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(cannot continue to be crippled by a misguided insistence on unanimity in\
the UN )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Security Council.")Tj
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(25 )Tj
-7.408 -2.60001 Td
(In supporting the contention that 9/11 was more a pretext than a reason \
for the attack on )Tj
T*
(Iraq, Thompson quotes a report that Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld, only \
a few hours )Tj
T*
(after the Pentagon had been struck, wrote a memo saying that he wanted t\
he "best info )Tj
T*
(fast. Judge whether good enough hit S.H. [Saddam Hussein] at same time. \
Not only UBL )Tj
T*
([Usama bin Laden]. Go massive. Sweep it all up. Things related and not."\
)Tj
ET
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(26 )Tj
-29.515 -1.33333 Td
(Thompsons contention is given additional support by John Pilger, who cit\
es Bob )Tj
T*
(Woodwards report that the next day at the meeting of the National Securi\
ty Council, )Tj
T*
(Rumsfeld said that Saddams Iraq should be targeted in the first round of\
the war on )Tj
T*
(terrorism.)Tj
ET
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(27 )Tj
-3.916 -2.60001 Td
(Critics can, furthermore, point to both actions and statements during an\
d after the war )Tj
T*
(that support their contention that the war had much more to do with oil \
and regional )Tj
T*
(control than it did with the announced purposes for the war. Whereas the\
Bush and Blair )Tj
T*
(administrations claimed that the war was to remove weapons of mass destr\
uction, )Tj
T*
(through which Saddam Hussein posed a threat to his neighbors and even th\
e United )Tj
T*
(Kingdom and the United States, the intelligence behind this assessment h\
as been widely )Tj
T*
(reported to have been distorted, even invented. Sir Jonathan Porritt, he\
ad of the )Tj
T*
(Sustainable Development Commission, which advises Blair's government on \
ecological )Tj
T*
(issues, publicly stated that the prospect of winning access to Iraqi oil\
was "a very large )Tj
T*
(factor" in the allies' decision to attack Iraq in March, adding: "I don'\
t think the war would )Tj
T*
(have happened if Iraq didn't have the second-largest oil reserves in the\
world." Paul )Tj
T*
(O'Neill, Bush's former Treasury Secretary, has said that the Bush admini\
stration had )Tj
T*
(from the outset planned to attack Iraq, in large part for its oil.)Tj
ET
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(28 )Tj
-24.496 -2.60001 Td
(The fact that oil was of preeminent importance was demonstrated Stephen \
Gowans says, )Tj
T*
(by the fact that )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(the top item on the Pentagon's agenda, once it gave the order for jackbo\
ots )Tj
T*
(to begin marching on Baghdad, was to secure the oil fields in southern I\
raq. )Tj
T*
(And when chaos broke out in Baghdad, US forces let gangs of looters and \
)Tj
T*
(arsonists run riot through "the Ministry of Planning, the Ministry of )Tj
T*
(Education, the Ministry of Irrigation, the Ministry of Trade, the Minist\
ry of )Tj
T*
(Industry, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Culture and t\
he )Tj
T*
(Ministry of Information." ...But at the Ministry of Oil, where archives \
and )Tj
T*
(files related to all the oil wealth Washington has been itching to get i\
ts )Tj
T*
(hands on, all was calm, for ringing the Ministry was a phalanx of tanks \
and )Tj
T*
(armoured personnel carriers.)Tj
ET
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(29)Tj
-14.13467 -1.75 Td
(The suspicion that Iraq was not attacked primarily for the publicly stat\
ed reasons is also )Tj
T*
(suggested by the evidence that the Bush administration planned to use it\
s post-9/11 "war )Tj
ET
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(on terrorism" as a pretext for attacks on still other countries. A repor\
t in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Newsweek )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(example, said that prior to the attack on Iraq, some of Bush's advisors \
advocated also )Tj
T*
(attacking Saudi Arabia, Iran, North Korea, Syria, and Egypt. One senior \
British official )Tj
T*
(was quoted as saving: "Everyone wants to go to Baghdad. Real men want to\
go to )Tj
T*
(Tehran.")Tj
ET
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(30 )Tj
-3.49001 -2.60001 Td
(One of those "real men" was Richard Perle, a founding member of PNAC, wh\
o has been )Tj
T*
(quoted as describing America's "war on terrorism" in these words: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(This is total war. We are fighting a variety of enemies. There are lots \
of )Tj
T*
(them out there. All this talk about first we are going to do Afghanistan\
, then )Tj
T*
(we will do Iraq.... [T]his is entirely the wrong way to go about it. If \
we just )Tj
T*
(let our vision of the world go forth, and....just wage a total war...our\
)Tj
T*
(children will sing great songs about us years from now.)Tj
ET
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(31)Tj
-24.83067 -1.75 Td
(This kind of vision could give fanaticism a bad name. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(It is now increasingly recognized that insofar as the United States is w\
aging a war on )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(terrorism, "terrorism" is being defined in a very selective, self-servin\
g way. "For Bush," )Tj
T*
(Meyssan says, "terrorism seems to be defined as any form of violent oppo\
sition to )Tj
T*
(American leadership.")Tj
ET
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(32 Richard Falk likewise saw that it soon became clear that the )Tj
-8.961 -1.33333 Td
("war on terrorism was being waged against all non-state revolutionary fo\
rces perceived )Tj
T*
(as hostile to American global interests." What is really going on, in ot\
her words, is "an )Tj
T*
(empire-building project undertaken behind the smokescreen of the war on \
global )Tj
T*
(terror.")Tj
ET
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(33 Phyllis Bennis agrees, saying that "the war [on terrorism] was never \
about )Tj
-2.879 -1.33333 Td
(bringing anyone to justice; it was about conquest and the mushrooming of\
US global )Tj
T*
(power, all in the name of righteous vengeance.")Tj
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(34 Chossudovsky, Mahajan, and )Tj
-19.09801 -1.33333 Td
(countless other critics have made the same point. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In any case, it is now widely agreed that the Bush administration \(as w\
ell as Blair's )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(government\) lied about the reasons for attacking Iraq. Is it not time t\
o expand this )Tj
T*
(question to whether it also lied about the event itself, 9/11, that was \
used as the primary )Tj
T*
(justification for the wars against Afghanistan and Iraq and the even lar\
ger agenda of the )Tj
T*
(Bush administration? )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(A New Pearl Harbor Would Help)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(With regard to this larger agenda, both Ahmed and Thompson refer to the \
1997 book by )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(former National Security Advisor Zbigniew Brzezinski, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Grand Chessboard: )Tj
T*
(American Primacy and its Geostrategic Imperatives. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Besides portraying the Eurasian )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(landmass as the key to world power, Brzezinski portrayed Central Asia, w\
ith its vast oil )Tj
T*
(reserves, as the key to the domination of Eurasia. Having summarized thi\
s argument, )Tj
T*
(Ahmed and Thompson point to Brzezinskis statement that ensuring continue\
d "American )Tj
ET
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(primacy" by getting control of this region will require "a consensus on \
foreign policy )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(issues" within the American public Getting such consensus, however, will\
be difficult, )Tj
T*
(because "America is too democratic at home to be autocratic abroad," a f\
act that "limits )Tj
T*
(the use of America's power, especially its capacity for military intimid\
ation." Continuing )Tj
T*
(his analysis of the defects in the American character, Brzezinski explai\
ned that "the )Tj
T*
(pursuit of power is not a goal that commands popular passion, except in \
conditions of a )Tj
T*
(sudden threat or challenge to the public's sense of domestic well being.\
")Tj
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(35 Therefore, )Tj
-28.806 -1.33333 Td
(he counseled, the needed consensus on foreign policy issues will be diff\
icult to obtain )Tj
T*
("except in the circumstance of a truly massive and widely perceived dire\
ct external )Tj
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(threat.")Tj
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(36 Ahmed connects this passage to an earlier one, in which Brzezinski sa\
id that )Tj
-2.935 -1.33333 Td
(the American public, which is ambivalent about "the external projection \
of American )Tj
T*
(power," had "supported America's engagement in World War II largely beca\
use of the )Tj
T*
(shock effect of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor.")Tj
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(37 )Tj
-21.151 -2.60001 Td
(Ahmed's point is that if those two passages are read together, the kind \
of "widely )Tj
T*
(perceived direct external threat" said to be needed would be Pearl Harbo\
r type of event. )Tj
T*
(Brzezinski's book, authored by a former national security advisor, canno\
t be considered )Tj
T*
(simply one book among hundreds offering advice to the government. Althou\
gh )Tj
T*
(Brzezinski advised a Democratic president \(Jimmy Carter\), he is a hard\
liner who has )Tj
T*
(reportedly been highly regarded by the Bush administration. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(It is perhaps not merely coincidental, therefore, that three years after\
Brzezinskis )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(apparent wish for a Pearl-Harbor-type event was published, the aforement\
ioned )Tj
T*
(publication of the Project for the New American Century would contain a \
similar )Tj
T*
(passage. Although this passage has previously been cited, it is importan\
t to emphasize )Tj
T*
(that it comes in the context of a call for the completion of the "revolu\
tion in military )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(affairs," through which a )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pax Americana, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(or "American Peace," can be more efficiently )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(established. Unfortunately, according to this document's authors, the ne\
eded )Tj
T*
(transformation would probably come about slowly "absent some catastrophi\
c and )Tj
T*
(catalyzing event\227like a new Pearl Harbor.")Tj
ET
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(38 If a new Pearl Harbor were to occur, in )Tj
-17.681 -1.33333 Td
(other words, this completion of the revolution in military affairs could\
be brought about )Tj
T*
(more quickly, because the massive funding needed could be obtained. It w\
as in response )Tj
T*
(to this prediction that John Pilger made the assertion, quoted in the In\
troduction, that "[t])Tj
T*
(he attacks of 11 September 2001 provided the 'new Pearl Harbor.'")Tj
ET
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(39 What kind of )Tj
-26.679 -1.33333 Td
(changes did these advocates of American dominance outline, and has the N\
ew Pearl )Tj
T*
(Harbor helped bring them about? )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Missile Defense and a Space Pearl Harbor)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(It is important to realize that the centerpiece of the "revolution in mi\
litary affairs" is a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(program to weaponize and hence dominate space. This program will require\
much of the )Tj
T*
(massive increase in funding for "defense" for which Brzezinski and the P\
roject for the )Tj
ET
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(New American Century have called. The purpose of this program is spelled\
out quite )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(explicitly in a document called "Vision for 2020," which begins with thi\
s mission )Tj
T*
(statement: "US Space Command\227dominating the space dimension of milita\
ry )Tj
T*
(operations to protect US interests and investment.")Tj
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(40 Its primary purpose, in other )Tj
-20.323 -1.33333 Td
(words, is not to protect the American homeland, but to protect American \
investments )Tj
T*
(abroad. It makes this point even more explicit by comparing the importan\
ce of the Space )Tj
T*
(Command today with the fact that in previous times "nations built navies\
to protect and )Tj
T*
(enhance their commercial interests." It is to dominate space to protect \
the commercial )Tj
T*
(interests of America's elite class that, according to current projection\
s, over $1 trillion )Tj
T*
(will be required from American taxpayers.)Tj
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(41 )Tj
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(The "Vision for 2020" document engages in no sentimental propaganda abou\
t the need )Tj
T*
(for the United States to dominate space for the sake of promoting democr\
acy or )Tj
T*
(otherwise serving humanity. Rather, it says candidly, if indiscreetly: "\
The globalization )Tj
T*
(of the world economy...will continue with a widening between 'haves' and\
'have-nots.'" In )Tj
T*
(other words, as America's domination of the world economy increases, the\
poor will get )Tj
T*
(still poorer while the rich get still richer, and this will make the "ha\
ve-nots" hate America )Tj
T*
(all the more, so we need to be able to keep them in line. We can do this\
through what the )Tj
T*
(advocates of this program originally called "Global Battlespace Dominanc\
e." Because )Tj
T*
(some people found this term too explicit, the preferred term today is "F\
ull Spectrum )Tj
T*
(Dominance" \(which provided the tide for a previously quoted book by Rah\
ul Mahajan\). )Tj
T*
(This term means not only being dominant on land, on the sea, and in the \
air, as the US )Tj
T*
(military is already, but also having control of space. Discussing this "\
American project of )Tj
T*
(global domination associated with the weaponization of space," Richard F\
alk says: "The )Tj
T*
(empire-building quest for such awesome power is an unprecedented exhibit\
ion of )Tj
T*
(geopolitical greed at its worst, and needs to be exposed and abandoned b\
efore it is too )Tj
T*
(late.")Tj
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(42 )Tj
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(The only part of this program that has received much public discussion i\
s the defensive )Tj
T*
(aspect of it, which in the Reagan Administration was called the Strategi\
c Defensive )Tj
T*
(Initiative and is today called the Missile Defense Shield. Although thes\
e names suggest )Tj
T*
(that America's goal in space is purely defensive, this so-called shield \
is only one part of a )Tj
T*
(three-part program. One of the other parts is putting surveillance techn\
ology in space, )Tj
T*
(with the goal of being able to zero on any part of the planet with such \
precision that )Tj
T*
(every enemy of US forces can be identified. This part is already well on\
the way to )Tj
T*
(realization.)Tj
ET
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(43 The third part of the prograrn - which shows that the informal name f\
or )Tj
-4.47099 -1.33333 Td
(this program, "Star Wars," is more accurate than its technical name - is\
putting actual )Tj
T*
(weapons in space, including laser cannons. These lasercannons have the o\
ffensive )Tj
T*
(potential, as one writer put it, to "make a cruise missile look like a f\
irecracker.")Tj
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(44 With )Tj
-31.72701 -1.33333 Td
(lazer weapons on our satellites, the United States will be able to destr\
oy the military )Tj
T*
(satellites any adversarial country would try to send up, and this is, in\
deed, part of the )Tj
T*
(announced intention: "to deny others the use of space." The US Space Com\
mand could )Tj
ET
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(thereby maintain total and permanent dominance. The aggressive purpose o\
f the US )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Space Command's program is announced in the logo of one of its divisions\
: "In Your )Tj
T*
(Face from Outer Space.")Tj
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(45 )Tj
-9.905 -2.60001 Td
(It is not only in this document that such aggressive aims are frankly st\
ated. As Mahajan )Tj
T*
(points out, the Project for the New American Century's document makes th\
e following )Tj
T*
("remarkable admission": )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(In the post-Cold-War era, America and its allies...have become the prima\
ry )Tj
T*
(objects of deterrence and it is states like Iraq, Iran and North Korea w\
ho )Tj
T*
(most wish to develop deterrent capabilities. Projecting conventional )Tj
T*
(military forces\227will be far more complex and constrained when the )Tj
T*
(American homeland...is subject to attack by otherwise weak rogue regimes\
)Tj
T*
(capable of cobbling together a minuscule ballistic missile force. Buildi\
ng an )Tj
T*
(effective...system of missile defenses is a prerequisite for maintaining\
)Tj
T*
(American preeminence.)Tj
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(In other words, although the name "missile defense shield" suggests that\
the system is )Tj
T*
(designed to shield America from attacks, its real purpose is to prevent \
other nations from )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(deterring America from attacking )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(them. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(This statement further suggests that Iran, Iraq, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and North Korea were later determined by President Bush to deserve the t\
itle "axis of )Tj
T*
(evil" because of their perverse wish to develop the capacity to deter th\
e United States )Tj
T*
(from projecting military force against them. The Project's description o\
f the US military's )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(role in these offensive terms is fully in accord with the Bush administr\
ations )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(National )Tj
T*
(Security Strategy, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(published in 2002, which, besides embodying most of the )Tj
T*
(recommendations of )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Rebuilding America's Defenses, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(says that "our best defense is a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(good offense.")Tj
ET
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(47 The most important new component of this offense is to be the "full )Tj
-5.851 -1.33333 Td
(spectrum dominance" afforded by complementing America's land, air, and s\
ea forces )Tj
T*
(with a full-fledged Space Force. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Shortly before becoming Secretary of Defense in January of 2001, Ronald \
Rumsfeld )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(completed his work as chairman of the Commission to Assess US National S\
ecurity )Tj
T*
(Space Management and Organization. This "Rumsfeld Commission," as it was\
)Tj
T*
(informally known, published its report in the second week of January.)Tj
ET
446.315 209.42592 m
454.77499 209.42592 l
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(>)Tj
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(48 The aim of its )Tj
-27.996 -1.33333 Td
(proposals, it said, was to "increase the asymmetry between US forces and\
those of other )Tj
T*
(military powers." Besides advocating the termination of the 1972 ABM Tre\
aty \(which )Tj
T*
(the Bush administration acted on promptly\), this report recommended sub\
stantial )Tj
T*
(changes, including the subordination of all the other armed forces and t\
he intelligence )Tj
T*
(agencies to the Space Force. Recognizing that such a drastic reorganizat\
ion of the armed )Tj
T*
(forces and intelligence agencies would normally evoke great resistance, \
the report added: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(History is replete with instances in which warning signs were ignored an\
d )Tj
T*
(change resisted until an external, "improbable" event forced resistant )Tj
ET
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(bureaucracies to take action. The question is whether the US will be wis\
e )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(enough to act responsibly and soon enough to reduce US space )Tj
T*
(vulnerability. Or whether, as in the past, a disabling attack against th\
e )Tj
T*
(country and its people\227a "Space Pearl Harbor"\227will be the only eve\
nt )Tj
T*
(able to galvanize the nation and cause the US Government to act.)Tj
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(We have, accordingly, yet another suggestion by a central figure in the \
Bush )Tj
T*
(administration that another "Pearl Harbor" may be necessary to "galvaniz\
e the nation." )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This report was released on January 11, 2001, exactly nine months before\
the US )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(suffered )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(attacks from the air that our defenses appeared to be helpless to preven\
t. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(And )Tj
T*
(the primary response evoked by these attacks was a sense of America's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(vulnerability. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(The )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(chairman of the commission that issued the above report was, furthermore\
, well placed to )Tj
T*
(take advantage of those attacks and the resulting sense of "US space vul\
nerability." As )Tj
T*
(Meyssan points out, at a press conference that began at 6:42 PM on 9/11 \
itself, )Tj
T*
(Rurnsfeld, now Secretary of Defense, used the attacks to browbeat Democr\
atic Senator )Tj
T*
(Carl Levin, who was then chair of the Senate Armed Services Committee \(\
during the )Tj
T*
(brief period of the Bush administration during which Democrats had contr\
ol of the )Tj
T*
(Senate\). Before live camera, Rumsfeld said: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46666 Td
(Senator Levin, you and other Democrats in Congress, have voicedfear that\
)Tj
T*
(you simply don't have enough money for the large increase in defense tha\
t )Tj
T*
(the Pentagon is seeking, especially for missile defense, and you fear th\
at )Tj
T*
(you'll have to dip into the Social Security funds to pay for it. Does th\
is sort )Tj
T*
(of thing convince you that an emergency exists in this country to increa\
se )Tj
T*
(defense spending, to dip into Social Security, if necessary, to pay for \
)Tj
T*
(defense spending --increase defense spending?)Tj
ET
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(50)Tj
-21.38268 -1.75 Td
(It does appear that the attacks of 9/11 provided Rumsfeld with what he t\
hought could )Tj
T*
(pass for "a Space Pearl Harbor," and he seemed remarkably prepared to ta\
ke advantage )Tj
T*
(of it. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Furthermore, if US officials were involved in facilitating the attacks o\
f 9/11 Rumsfeld )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was not the only one with great interest in the Space Command. Its other\
primary )Tj
T*
(advocate was its current commander, General Ralph E. Eberhart, who in hi\
s role as )Tj
T*
(commander of NORAD was in charge of air traffic control on 9/11." Also, \
General )Tj
T*
(Richard Myers, who was in the process of becoming the new chairman of th\
e Joint )Tj
T*
(Chiefs of Staff and was the Acting Chairman on 9/11, had previously been\
head of the )Tj
T*
(US Space Command. Known by some as "General Starwars," he was in charge \
during )Tj
T*
(the writing of "Vision for 2020," with its quite explicit expression of \
the intent to get )Tj
T*
(absolute control of space so that the Pentagon can protect American comm\
ercial interests )Tj
T*
(while they are increasing the gap between the "haves" and the "have-nots\
" of the world. )Tj
T*
(Accordingly, the three men who have been most identified with advocacy o\
f the US )Tj
T*
(Space Force are also the three figures who would have been most directly\
involved in )Tj
ET
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(promulgating and overseeing a "stand down" order on 9/11, if such was gi\
ven. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(============ )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(The evidence summarized in this chapter shows that officials of the Pent\
agon and the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Bush administration would have had many reasons\227 from their plans for\
Afghanistan )Tj
T*
(and Iraq to their desire for massive funding to weaponize space\227for a\
llowing, if not )Tj
T*
(planning, the attacks of 911.Some of this evidence points to the truth o\
f at least the )Tj
T*
(seventh possible view\227that the White House had specific knowledge of \
the attacks in )Tj
T*
(advance, knowing that they would occur, for example in time to launch a \
war against )Tj
T*
(Afghanistan before the winter snows started. Some of the evidence even s\
uggests the )Tj
T*
(eighth view, according to which the White House was involved in the plan\
ning. It is )Tj
T*
(possible of course, that although central figures of the Bush administra\
tion evidently )Tj
T*
(desired "a new Pearl Harbor," they did not plan the attacks but simply l\
earned that they )Tj
T*
(had been planned by others, so that all they had to do was to make sure \
that the attacks )Tj
T*
(were not prevented. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Yet with all that was apparently riding on the occurrence of a new Pearl\
Harbor, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(reasonable people could conclude that the White House would not have lef\
t this )Tj
T*
(occurrence to chance. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(A Precedent: Operation Northwoods)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(All the information summarized so far arguably presents strong evidence \
pointing to US )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(complicity in the attacks of 9/11 involving US intelligence agencies, th\
e Pentagon, and )Tj
T*
(the White House. But regardless of how strong this evidence may be consi\
dered, many )Tj
T*
(and perhaps most Americans will resist the idea that this "attack on Ame\
rica" could have )Tj
T*
(been an inside job, staged by America's own leaders. The primary respons\
ibility of the )Tj
T*
(president and vice president, their cabinet, US intelligence agencies, a\
nd US military )Tj
T*
(leaders is to protect America and its citizens. Even if the official acc\
ount of 9/11 leaves )Tj
T*
(dozens of unanswered questions, the true account cannot, many Americans \
will assume, )Tj
T*
(be that American political and military leaders colluded to allow, much \
less stage, the )Tj
T*
(attacks of 9/11- Regardless of the benefits that may have been foreseen \
if a "new Pearl )Tj
T*
(Harbor" were to occur; our military and political leaders would not have\
participated in a )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(plan to bring about such an event. We feel that we know )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(a priori)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( that all conspiracy )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(theories of this type are false, because American military and political\
leaders simply )Tj
T*
(would not do such a thing. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In 1962, however, a plan was formulated that provides a partial preceden\
t, a plan about )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(which we now know because of recently declassified documents. The backgr\
ound to this )Tj
T*
(plan was President Eisenhower's request to the CIA, near the end of his \
administration, to )Tj
T*
(come up with a pretext to invade Cuba. The CIA formulated "A Program of \
Covert )Tj
T*
(Operations Against the Castro Regime," the goal of which was "the replac\
ement of the )Tj
ET
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(Castro regime with one more devoted to the true interests of the Cuban p\
eople and more )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(acceptable to the US, in such a manner to avoid any appearance of US int\
ervention.")Tj
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(>)Tj
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(52 )Tj
-33.845 -1.33333 Td
(Eisenhower had approved this plan. But after the next president, John Ke\
nnedy, accepted )Tj
T*
(a CIA plan that led to the Bay of Pigs fiasco, he had responsibility for\
Cuba taken away )Tj
T*
(from the CIA and assigned it to the Department of Defense Early in 1962,\
the Chairman )Tj
T*
(of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General Lyman Lemnitzer brought Kennedy a \
plan called )Tj
T*
(Operation Northwoods.)Tj
ET
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(53 )Tj
-9.44299 -2.60001 Td
(According to the covering "Memorandum for the Secretary of Defense," sig\
ned by all the )Tj
T*
(Joint Chiefs, this plan, marked Top Secret described "pretexts which wou\
ld provide )Tj
T*
(justification for US military intervention in Cuba.")Tj
ET
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(54 According to the "Memorandum )Tj
-20.269 -1.33333 Td
(for Chief of Operations, Cuba Project," a decision to intervene "will re\
sult from a period )Tj
T*
(of heightened US-Cuban tensions which place the United States in the pos\
ition of )Tj
T*
(suffering justifiable grievances." It was important, the memorandum said\
, "to camouflage )Tj
T*
(the ultimate objective." Part of the idea was to influence world opinion\
in general and the )Tj
T*
(United Nations in particular "by developing the image of the Cuban gover\
nment as rash )Tj
T*
(and irresponsible, and as an alarming and unpredictable threat to the pe\
ace of the )Tj
T*
(Western Hemisphere.")Tj
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(55 )Tj
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(The plan then listed a series of possible actions to create this image. \
For example: "We )Tj
T*
(could develop a Communist Cuban terror campaign in the Miami area, in ot\
her Florida )Tj
T*
(cities and even in Washington...We could sink a boatload of Cubans enrou\
te to Florida )Tj
T*
(\(real or simulated\).")Tj
ET
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(56 Particularly interesting, in light of some of the proposed )Tj
-8.045 -1.33333 Td
(scenarios as to "what really happened" on 9/11 \(see Ch. 1, n. 32\), is \
the following idea: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(It is possible to create an incident which will demonstrate convincingly\
that )Tj
T*
(a Cuban aircraft has attacked and shot down a chartered civil airliner..\
.. The )Tj
T*
(destination would be chosen only to cause the flight plan route to cross\
)Tj
T*
(Cuba. The passengers could be a group of college students off on a )Tj
T*
(holiday.... )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(a. An aircraft at Eglin AFB would be painted and numbered as an exact )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(duplication for a civil registered aircraft belonging to a CIA proprieta\
ry )Tj
T*
(organization in the Miami area. At a designated time the duplication wou\
ld )Tj
T*
(be substituted for the actual civil aircraft and would be loaded with th\
e )Tj
T*
(selected passengers, all boarded under carefully prepared aliases. The a\
ctual )Tj
T*
(registered aircraft would be converted to a drone.)Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(b. Take off times of the drone aircraft and the actual aircraft will be \
)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(scheduled to allow a rendezvous south of Florida. From the rendezvous )Tj
T*
(point the passenger-carrying aircraft will descend to minimum altitude a\
nd )Tj
T*
(go directly into an auxiliary field at Eglin AFB where arrangements will\
)Tj
ET
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(have been made to evacuate the passengers and return the aircraft to its\
)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(original status. The drone aircraft meanwhile will continue to fly the f\
iled )Tj
T*
(flight plan. When over Cuba the drone will being [sic] transmitting on t\
he )Tj
T*
(international distress frequency a "MAY DAY" message stating he is under\
)Tj
T*
(attack by Cuban MIG aircraft. The transmission will be interrupted by )Tj
T*
(destruction of the aircraft which will be triggered by radio signal.)Tj
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(57)Tj
-28.80067 -3.60001 Td
(In this and some of the other plans, although casualty lists would be pl\
aced in US )Tj
T*
(newspapers to "cause a wave of national indignation,")Tj
ET
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(58 the subterfuge would not )Tj
-21.645 -1.33333 Td
(actually result in the loss of life. But this was not true of all of the\
plans, such as the plan )Tj
T*
(to "sink a boatload of Cubans." At least one plan, furthermore, would ha\
ve taken the )Tj
T*
(lives of Americans. According to this idea, called a "Remember the Maine\
" incident: )Tj
T*
("We could blow up a US ship in Guantanamo Bay and blame Cuba.")Tj
ET
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(59 )Tj
-27.563 -2.60001 Td
(Kennedy rejected this plan, even though it was endorsed by all the joint\
chiefs. Those )Tj
T*
(who say that, although military leaders might formulate such plans, an A\
merican )Tj
T*
(president would never agree to such a despicable plan can point to this \
rejection as )Tj
T*
(evidence. However, different presidents, in different circumstances, mak\
e different )Tj
T*
(decisions. For example, in the early 1890s, a plan to annex Hawaii was r\
ejected by )Tj
T*
(President Grover Cleveland, whose secretary of state considered the plan\
"a selfish and )Tj
T*
(dishonourable scheme of a lot of adventurers." But this scheme was accep\
ted by the next )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(president, William McKinley )Tj
ET
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(60 \(who was also the one who used the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Maine )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(incident to )Tj
-11.99899 -1.33333 Td
(justify entering the war against Spain in order to take control of Cuba,\
Puerto Rico, and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the Philippines\). Accordingly, the fact that Kennedy turned down that p\
articular plan at )Tj
T*
(that particular time\227shortly after the Bay of Pigs embarrassment\227d\
oes not necessarily )Tj
T*
(mean that all American presidents in all circumstances would turn down p\
lans to achieve )Tj
T*
(geopolitical goals through "incidents" involving the taking of innocent \
lives, even )Tj
T*
(innocent American lives.)Tj
ET
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(61 )Tj
-10.026 -2.60001 Td
(=============== )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(The evidence in this chapter, in any case, provides further support for \
the conclusion of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Michel Chossudovsky, only partially quoted earlier, that the post-9/11 A\
merican war "is )Tj
T*
(not a campaign against international terrorism. It is a war of conquest.\
.. [a] nd the )Tj
T*
(American people have been consciously and deliberately deceived by their\
)Tj
T*
(government.")Tj
ET
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(62 The next chapter will provide one more kind of evidence presented by \
)Tj
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(the critics for this conclusion. )Tj
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567.625 91.95784 l
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568.625 92.95784 m
568.625 90.95784 l
26.375 90.95784 l
27.375 91.95784 l
567.625 91.95784 l
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(FOOTNOTES chapter 7)Tj
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(hint: )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(press the BACK-button on your browser to jump back to the original text-\
location)Tj
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/TT0 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 758.83472 Tm
(1)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 754.99472 Tm
(These sources include Jean-Charles Brisard and Guillaume Dasquie, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Forbidden Truth: )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(US\227Taliban Secret Oil Diplomacy and the Failed Hunt for Bin Laden )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Thunder's Mouth Press/Nation Books, 2002\), and .Ahmed Rashid, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Taliban: Militant )Tj
T*
(Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New Haven: Yale University Press, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(2000\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 667.16733 Tm
(2)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 663.32732 Tm
(Ahmed, 55. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 647.6264 Tm
(3)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 643.78641 Tm
(Quoted in Phyllis Bennis, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Before and After US Foreign Policy and the September llth )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(Crisis )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Northampton, Mass.: Olive Branch Press, 2003\), 129. This quotation oc\
curs in a )Tj
T*
(section of her book headed "Oil, Oil Everywhere," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 592.00961 Tm
(4)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 588.1696 Tm
(Ahmed, 46-48, and Thompson, "Timeline," 1994 \(B\), citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Times of India, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 7, )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(2001, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Asia Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 15, 2001, and CNN, October 5, 1996, and February 27, )Tj
T*
(2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 536.42653 Tm
(5)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 532.58653 Tm
(Rashid, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Taliban, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(as quoted in Ted Rail, "It's All about Oil," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(San Francisco Chronicle, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(November 2, 2001. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 498.8519 Tm
(6)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 495.01189 Tm
(Telegraph, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 11, 1996, quoted in Timeline," September 27, 1996. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 479.27725 Tm
(7)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 475.43726 Tm
(P. Stobdan, The Afghan Conflict and Regional Security," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Strategic Analysis 23/5 )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(\(August 1999\): 719-47, cited in Ahmed, 50. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 441.73634 Tm
(8)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 437.89633 Tm
("Timeline," August 9, 1998, quoting )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 8, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 422.19542 Tm
(9)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 418.35542 Tm
("Timeline," quoting )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Telegraph, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 13, 1998. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 402.65451 Tm
(10)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 398.81451 Tm
(Ahmed, 50-51. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 383.1136 Tm
(11)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 379.27361 Tm
(Julio Godoy, "US Taliban Policy Influenced by Oil," Inter Press Service,\
November )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(16, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 58-59. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 345.57269 Tm
(12)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 341.73268 Tm
(Jonathan Steele, et al, "Threat of US Strikes Passed to Taliban Weeks Be\
fore NY )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Attack," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 22, 2001, quoted in Brisard and Dasqui\351, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Forbidden )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Truth, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(43, and Ahmed, 60. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 289.94745 Tm
(13)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 286.10745 Tm
(George Arney, "US 'Planned Attack on Taleban'," BBC News, September 18,2\
001, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(quoted in Ahmed, 60-61. \(Taleban" is a spelling used by some British wr\
iters.\) )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 252.40654 Tm
(14)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 248.56654 Tm
("Timeline," October 7, 2001 \(B\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 240.59 252.40654 Tm
(15)Tj
15 0 0 15 252.59 248.56654 Tm
(Micheal C. Ruppert, "A Timliine Surrounding )Tj
-15.08099 -1.2 Td
(September 11th," From the Wilderness Publications \(www.fromthewildernes\
s.com\), item )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(94. citing the account as published on the Common Dreams website \(www.)Tj
T*
(commondreams.org/views02/0614-02.htm\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 178.86563 Tm
(16)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 175.02562 Tm
(George Arney, "US 'Planned Attack on Tafeban'," BBC News, September 18, \
2001, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(quoted in Ahmed, 60-61. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 141.32471 Tm
(17)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 137.48471 Tm
(This statement from the Israeli newspaper )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Ma'ariv )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(was quoted in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Chicago Tribune, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(February 18, 2002, which is in turn quoted in "Timeline," February 14, 2\
002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 103.7838 Tm
(18)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 99.9438 Tm
("Timeline," December 22, 2001, and January 1, 2002, and Ahmed, 260. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 84.24289 Tm
(19)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 80.40289 Tm
(Ahmed, 227, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Frontier Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 10, 2001. )Tj
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(20)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 60.86197 Tm
(Ahmed, 60-61. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 45.16106 Tm
(21)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 41.32106 Tm
(White House, March 13, quoted in "Timeline," March 13, 2002. )Tj
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(In 1992, Wolfowitz and Libby were reportedly the principal authors of a \
draft of the )Tj
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(Defense Planning Guidance document that, having been leaked to the )Tj
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(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(caused a furor because of its overtly imperialistic language. Although t\
his draft was )Tj
T*
(withdrawn, its main ideas reappeared in the Project for the New American\
Century's )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(2000 publication, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Rebuilding America's Defenses: Strategy, Forces and Resources for a )Tj
T*
(New Century )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(available at www.newamericancentury.org\). On this episode, see Andrew\
)Tj
T*
(Bacevich, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of US Diplomacy )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(\(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002\), 43-46 \(although Bacevich\
, referring to this )Tj
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(document as the "Wolfowitz Indiscretion," does not mention Libby's parti\
cipation\). )Tj
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(23)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 637.7541 Tm
("Timeline," September 2000, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Scotland Sunday Herald, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 7, 2002, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(which was quoting )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Rebuilding America's Defenses )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(see previous note\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 604.01103 Tm
(24)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 600.17102 Tm
(Edward Herman, "The Manufactured and Real Iraq Crisis," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(ZNet Commentary, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(February 3, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 566.47011 Tm
(25)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 562.63011 Tm
(This letter, dated January 26, 1998, is available at the website for the\
Project for the )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(New American Century \(www.newamericancentury.org\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 528.9292 Tm
(26)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 525.0892 Tm
(Thompson, "September 11" \(2:40 PM\), quoting CBS News, September 4, 200\
2. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 509.38829 Tm
(27)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 505.54828 Tm
(John Pilger, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New Statesman, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 12, 2002, citing Bob Woodward, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Bush at War )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(\(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002\), 49. Woodward adds: "Before the att\
acks, the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon had been working for months on developing a military option for\
Iraq" and )Tj
T*
("Rumsfeld was raising the possibility that they could take advantage of \
the opportunity )Tj
T*
(offered by the terrorist attacks to go after Saddam immediately." Woodwa\
rd also points )Tj
T*
(out that Rumsfeld was thereby echoing the position of his deputy, Paul W\
olfowitz. )Tj
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(28)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 396.00737 Tm
(Porritt's statement is quoted in James Kirkup, "US, UK Waged War on Iraq\
Because of )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Oil, Blair Adviser Says," May 1, 2003 \()Tj
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(http://quote.bloomberg.com\))Tj
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(, which is reprinted )Tj
-15.907 -1.33333 Td
(on Michael Rupperts website, From the Wilderness Publications \(www.)Tj
T*
(fromthewilderness.com or www.copvcia.com\). Paul O'Neill's charge is con\
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0 -1.2028 TD
(book by former )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Wall Street Journal )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(reporter Ron Susskind, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Price of Loyalty: George )Tj
T*
(W. Bush, the White House, and the Education of Paul O'Neill )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Simon & )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Schuster, 2004\), and in an interview on CBS's "60 Minutes" on January 1\
1, 2004. )Tj
T*
(According to O'Neill, who was a member of the National Security Council,\
the main )Tj
T*
(topic within days of the inauguration was going after Saddam, with the i\
ssue being not )Tj
T*
("Why Saddam?" or "Why Now?" but merely "finding a way to do it." Susskin\
d, whose )Tj
T*
(book is primarily based on interviews with O'Neill and other officials, \
says that already )Tj
T*
(in January and February of 2001 the Bush administration was discussing a\
n occupation )Tj
T*
(of Iraq and the question of how to divide up Iraq's oil \(see story at w\
ww.cbsnews.com/)Tj
T*
(stories/2004/01/09/60minutes/main592330.shtml\). )Tj
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(29)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 140.38214 Tm
(Stephen Gowans, "Regime Change in Iraq: A New Government by and for US )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Capital," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(ZNet, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(April 20, 2003, quoting Robert Fisk, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Independent, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(April 14, 2003. )Tj
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(30)Tj
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(Thompson, "Timeline," 59, August 11, 2002, citing )Tj
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(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 11, 2002. )Tj
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(31)Tj
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(John Pilger, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New Statesman, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 12, 2002. Although Perle talks in public about )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(using war to bring democracy to the world, he knows that it has other us\
es. Shortly )Tj
T*
(before the recent war in Iraq, he gave a talk to clients of Goldman Sach\
s about )Tj
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(moneymaking opportunities that would arise from the imminent invasion. H\
is "total war" )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(vision was suggested by the ride of the talk, which was: "Implications o\
f an Imminent )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(War Iraq Now. North Korea Next?" See Maureen Dowd, "Perle's Plunder Blun\
der," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New )Tj
T*
(York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 23, 2003, and Stephen Gowans, "Regime Change in Iraq: A New )Tj
T*
(Government by and for US Capital," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(ZNet, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(April 20, 2003. )Tj
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(32)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 711.33717 Tm
(Meyssan, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(130. )Tj
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(33)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 691.79626 Tm
(Richard Falk, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Great Terror War )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Northampton, Mass.: Olive Branch Press, 2002\), )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(108, 5. )Tj
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(34)Tj
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(Bennis, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Before and After, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(163. )Tj
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(35)Tj
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(Zbigniew Brzezinski, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Imperatives )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Basic Books, 1997\), 35-36. )Tj
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(36)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 597.13136 Tm
(Ibid., 212, quoted in Ahmed, 73-77, and Thompson, "Timeline," 1997. )Tj
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(37)Tj
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(Ibid., 24-25, quoted in Ahmed, 77. )Tj
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(38)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 558.04953 Tm
(John Pilger, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New Statesman, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 12, 2002, quoting the Project for the New )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(American Century, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Rebuilding America's Defenses, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(51- The heading of Pilger's article )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(reads: "Two years ago a project set up by the men who now surround Georg\
e W. Bush )Tj
T*
(said what America needed was 'a new Pearl Harbor.' Its published aims ha\
ve, alarmingly, )Tj
T*
(come true." )Tj
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(39)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 466.46646 Tm
(Ibid. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 450.76555 Tm
(40)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 446.92555 Tm
(This document is available at www.spacecom.af.mil/usspace It is discusse\
d in Jack )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Hitt, "The Next Battlefield May Be in Outer Space," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times Magazine, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(5, 2001, and Karl Grossman, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Weapons in Space )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Seven Stories, 2001\). )Tj
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(41)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 391.30031 Tm
(This figure is reported in rhe )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Global Network Space Newsletter #14 )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Fall, 2003\), which )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(is posted on the website of the Global Network Against Weapons and Nucle\
ar Power in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Space \(www.space4peace.org\). )Tj
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(42)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 335.7594 Tm
(Falk, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Great Terror War, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(xxvii. Falk continues: "If this project aiming at global )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(domination is consummated, or nearly so, it threatens the entire world w\
ith a kind of )Tj
T*
(subjugation, and risks encouraging frightening new cycles of megaterrori\
sm as the only )Tj
T*
(available and credible strategy of resistance." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 266.05849 Tm
(43)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 262.21849 Tm
(The developments achieved already by 1998 are described in George Friedm\
an and )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Meredith Friedman, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Future ofWar. Power, Technology and American World )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Dominance in the 21st Century )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: St. Martin's, 1998\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 210.43326 Tm
(44)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 206.59325 Tm
(Jack Hitt, "The Next Battlefield May Be in Outer Space." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 190.89233 Tm
(45)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 187.05234 Tm
(Ibid. For a brief overview of this project, see Karl Grossman's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Weapons in Space.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 171.35143 Tm
(46)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 167.51143 Tm
(The )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Project )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(for the New American Century, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Rebuilding America's Defenses, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(54; )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(quoted in Mahajan, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Full Spectrum Dominance: US Power in Iraq and Beyond )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(York: Seven Stories Press, 2003\), 53-54. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 115.76836 Tm
(47)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 111.92836 Tm
(The National Security Strategy of the United States of America )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(Washington: )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(September 2002\), 6. As John Pilger concluded \(see note 38, above\), mo\
st of the )Tj
T*
(suggestions made in the Project for the New American Century's document \
were enacted )Tj
T*
(by the Bush administration. This is not surprising, of course, given the\
overlap in )Tj
T*
(personnel. )Tj
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(48)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 800.38744 Tm
(Report of the Commission to Assess US National Security Space Management\
and )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Organization)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( \(www.defenselink.mil/cgi-bin/dlprint.cgi\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 766.68652 Tm
(49)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 762.84653 Tm
(Ibid., quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(151-52. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 747.14561 Tm
(50)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 743.30562 Tm
(Department of Defense News Briefing on Pentagon Attack \(www.defenselink\
.mil/cgi-)Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(bin/dlprint.cgi\), quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(152. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 709.56255 Tm
(51)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 705.72253 Tm
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(154. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 690.02162 Tm
(52)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 686.18163 Tm
("A Program of Covert Operations Against the Castro Regime," April 16, 19\
61 )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(\(declassified CIA document\), quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(140. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 652.43855 Tm
(53)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 648.59856 Tm
(This plan has come to be somewhat widely known through James Bamford's d\
iscussion )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(of it in his )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Body of Secrets.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 614.85548 Tm
(54)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 611.01547 Tm
(This memorandum is printed in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(198. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 595.31456 Tm
(55)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 591.47456 Tm
(This memorandum is printed in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(199-205. The passages quoted here )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(are on page 199. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 557.77365 Tm
(56)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 553.93365 Tm
(Ibid., 202-203. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 538.23274 Tm
(57)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 534.39275 Tm
(Ibid., 204. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 518.69183 Tm
(58)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 514.85182 Tm
(Ibid., 202. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 499.15091 Tm
(59)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 495.31091 Tm
(Idem. The extent to which another precedent was provided by the original\
Pearl Harbor )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(is a question for another occassion. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 461.61 Tm
(60)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 457.77 Tm
(See Richard Van Alstyne, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The Rising American Empire )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(1960; New York: Norton, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(1974\), 177-79. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 424.06909 Tm
(61)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 420.22908 Tm
(John Pilger points to evidence that President George W. Bush has adopted\
a plan )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(somewhat reminiscent of Operation Northwoods. Describing a secret army s\
et up by )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld \("similar to those run by Richard Nixon a\
nd Henry )Tj
T*
(Kissinger and which Congress outlawed"\), Pilger reports that according \
to a classified )Tj
T*
(document, this secret army, known as "the Proactive Preemptive Operation\
s Group," will )Tj
T*
(provoke terrorist attacks that would then require "counter-attack" by th\
e United States on )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(countries "harbouring the terrorists" \(Pilger, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New Statesman, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 12, 2002, citing a )Tj
T*
(report by military analyst William Arkin, "The Secret War," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Los Angeles Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(27, 2002\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 260.44385 Tm
(62)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 256.60385 Tm
(Chossudovsky, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(War and Clabalisation, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(62. )Tj
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(CHAPTER EIGHT)Tj
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(DID US OFFICIALS BLOCK CAPTURES AND INVESTIGATIONS )Tj
11.91701 -1.2 Td
(AFTER 9/11?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
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(Having suggested that the "new Pearl Harbor" that occurred on 9/11 serve\
d as a pretext )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(for a pre-established agenda, the critics then argue that US behavior )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(after )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(9/11 supports )Tj
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(this view. Portions of this behavior\227namely, the wars against both Af\
ghanistan and Iraq)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(\227were mentioned in the previous chapter. The present chapter summariz\
es evidence )Tj
T*
(pointing to other examples of US behavior after 9/11 that point, accordi\
ng to critics, to )Tj
T*
(the falsity of the official account. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Continuing the Anti-Hunt for Osama bin Laden and al-Qaeda)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(Ahmed and Thompson provide considerable evidence that although the war i\
n )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Afghanistan was supposedly to root out al-Qaeda and bin Laden\227 taking\
him, in )Tj
T*
(President Bush's language, "dead or alive"\227the actual objective must \
have been )Tj
T*
(something else, since there were several instances in which the governme\
nt and its )Tj
T*
(military commanders seemed at pains to allow bin Laden and al-Qaeda to e\
scape. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(For example, according to many residents of Kabul, a convoy of al-Qaeda \
forces, thought )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(to include its top leaders, made a remarkable escape during one night in\
early November )Tj
T*
(of 2001. A local businessman said: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(We don't understand how they weren't all killed the night before because\
)Tj
T*
(they came in a convoy of at least 1,000 cars and trucks. It was a very d\
ark )Tj
T*
(night, but it must have been easy for the American pilots to see the )Tj
T*
(headlights. The main road was jammed from eight in the evening until thr\
ee )Tj
T*
(in the morning.)Tj
-2.66667 -1.61665 Td
(Thompson comments: "With all of the satellite imagery and intense focus \
on the Kabul )Tj
T*
(area at the time, how could such a force have escaped the city unobserve\
d by the US?")Tj
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(Also early in November, US intelligence agencies, having watched al-Qaed\
a fighters and )Tj
T*
(leaders move into the area of Jalalabad, reported that bin Laden himself\
had arrived. )Tj
T*
(According to Knight-Ridder newspapers, this is what happened next: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(American intelligence analysts concluded that bin Laden and his recreati\
ng )Tj
T*
(fighters were preparing to flee across the border. But the US Central )Tj
T*
(Command, which was running the war, made no move to block their )Tj
T*
(escape. "It was obvious from at least early November that this area was \
to )Tj
T*
(be the base for an exodus into Pakistan," said one intelligence official\
, who )Tj
T*
(spoke only on condition of anonymity. "All of this was known, and frankl\
y )Tj
T*
(we were amazed that nothing was done to prepare for it.")Tj
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(Shortly thereafter, on November 14, the Northern Alliance captured Jalal\
abad. That )Tj
T*
(night, a convoy of "several hundred cars" holding 1,000 or more al-Qaeda\
and Taliban )Tj
T*
(fighters, evidently including bin Laden, escaped from Jalalabad and reac\
hed the fortress )Tj
T*
(of Tora Bora. US forces bombed the nearby Jalalabad airport, but apparen\
tly not the )Tj
T*
(convoy.)Tj
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(On November 16, approximately 600 al-Qaeda and Taliban fighters, includi\
ng many )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(senior leaders, reportedly escaped from Afghanistan, by taking a long tr\
ek to escape the )Tj
T*
(bombing in the Tora Bora region. Although there are two main routes from\
the Tora Bora )Tj
T*
(region to Pakistan, US planes bombed only one of these routes, so that t\
he 600 men were )Tj
T*
(able to escape unharmed by using the other one. Hundreds more reportedly\
continued to )Tj
T*
(use this escape route over the next weeks, generally not bothered by US \
bombing or )Tj
T*
(Pakistani border guards.)Tj
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(4 One Afghan intelligence officer reportedly said that he was )Tj
-9.69299 -1.33333 Td
(astounded that the Americans did not station troops to block the most ob\
vious exit routes. )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(The )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Telegraph )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(later said: "In retrospect, and with the benefit of dozens of accounts f\
rom )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the participants, the battle for Tora Bora looks more like a grand chara\
de." Eyewitnesses )Tj
T*
(expressed shock, it said, that US forces pinned in Taliban and al-Qaeda \
forces, thought to )Tj
T*
(contain many high leaders, on three sides only, leaving the route to Pak\
istan open. An )Tj
T*
(intelligence chief in Afghanistan's new government was quoted as saying:\
"The border )Tj
T*
(with Pakistan was the key, but no one paid any attention to it.")Tj
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(5 )Tj
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(A Special Forces soldier stationed in Fayetteville, North Carolinalater \
stated that on )Tj
T*
(November 28, US forces had bin Laden pinned in a Tora Bora cave but fail\
ed to act. )Tj
T*
(While Special Forces soldiers were waiting for orders, he said, they wat\
ched two )Tj
T*
(helicopters fly into the area where bin Laden was believed to be, load u\
p passengers, and )Tj
T*
(fly toward Pakistan. This statement, made on condition of anonymity, is \
given more )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(credibility, Thompson points out, by the fact that )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Newsweek )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(separately reported that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(many Tora Bora locals claimed that "mysterious black helicopters swept i\
n, flying low )Tj
T*
(over the mountains at night, and scooped up al-Qaeda's top leaders.")Tj
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(6 "Perhaps just )Tj
-27.36099 -1.33333 Td
(coincidentally," Thompson adds, the same day that this story was reporte\
d there was also )Tj
T*
(a story reporting that five soldiers at Fayetteville\227at least three o\
f whom were Special )Tj
T*
(Forces soldiers who had recently returned from Afghanistan\227and their \
wives had died )Tj
T*
(since June in apparent murder-suicides.)Tj
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(7 )Tj
-15.802 -2.60001 Td
(In late December of 2001, the new Afghan interior minister, Younis Qanoo\
ni, claimed )Tj
T*
(that the ISI had helped bin Laden escape from Afghanistan.)Tj
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(8 For critics of the official )Tj
-23.828 -1.33333 Td
(account, this claim is significant given the fact that the Bush administ\
ration has )Tj
T*
(considered Pakistan a partner in its post-9/11 efforts. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In March of 2002, this apparent lack of interest in killing or capturing\
bin Laden was put )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(into words by the president himself, who said of bin Laden: "He's a pers\
on who's now )Tj
T*
(been marginalized...! just don't spend that much time on him...I truly a\
m not that )Tj
T*
(concerned about him." The suspicion that the war was never about bin Lad\
en, which )Tj
T*
(Bush's statement could be taken to imply, was explicitly stated, Thompso\
n points out, a )Tj
T*
(month later by General Richard Myers, who said that "the goal has never \
been to get bin )Tj
T*
(Laden.")Tj
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(9 Another American official was quoted as making an even more revealing \
)Tj
-3.157 -1.33333 Td
(statement, saying that "casting our objectives too narrowly" risked "a p\
remature collapse )Tj
T*
(of the international effort if by some lucky chance Mr. bin Laden was ca\
ptured.")Tj
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(way of making sense of all this was provided by George Monbiot, who wrot\
e a week )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(after 9/11: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(If Osama bin Laden did not exist, it would be necessary to invent him. F\
or )Tj
T*
(the past four years, his name has been invoked whenever a US president h\
as )Tj
T*
(sought to increase the defence budget or wriggle out of arms control )Tj
T*
(treaties. He has been used to justify even President Bush's missile defe\
nce )Tj
T*
(programme.... Now he has become the personification of evil required to \
)Tj
T*
(launch a crusade for good: the face behind the faceless terror.... [H]is\
)Tj
T*
(usefulness to western governments lies in his power to terrify. When )Tj
T*
(billions of pounds of military spending are at stake, rogue states and )Tj
T*
(terrorist warlords become assets precisely because they are liabilities.\
)Tj
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(Monbiots statement, in conjunction with the American officicial's concer\
n about a )Tj
T*
("premature collapse of the international effort," provides apossible exp\
lanation as to why )Tj
T*
(the "hunt for bin Laden" was unsuccessful. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Concealing the Role of Pakistan's ISI)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(As we saw earlier, the CIA and its counterpart in Pakistan, the ISI, wor\
ked together in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the late 1990s to create the Taliban and ensure its victory. This point \
is reinforced by )Tj
T*
(Chossudovsky, who says: "Without US support channeled through the Pakist\
ani ISI, the )Tj
T*
(Taliban would not have been able to form a government in 1996.")Tj
ET
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(12 Furthermore, he )Tj
-26.40401 -1.33333 Td
(says, just as without the ISI there would have been no Taliban governmen\
t in Kabul, )Tj
T*
("without the unbending support of the US government, there would be no p\
owerful )Tj
T*
(military-intelligence apparatus in Pakistan.")Tj
ET
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(13 This close relationship between the CIA )Tj
-17.573 -1.33333 Td
(and the ISI goes back to the 1980s, during which the ISI was the local a\
gency through )Tj
T*
(which the CIA conducted its covert operation in Afghanistan, which began\
in 1979. The )Tj
T*
(CIA and the ISI recruited radical Muslims from around the world to form \
the )Tj
T*
(Mujaheddin to fight against Soviet forces.)Tj
ET
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287.315 281.59456 l
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(14 Osama bin Laden was originally brought )Tj
-16.832 -1.33333 Td
(to Pakistan to help with this effort. Although he was under contract to \
the CIA, "the CIA )Tj
T*
(gave Usama free rein in Afghanistan, as did Pakistan's intelligence gene\
rals"\227Ahmed )Tj
T*
(quotes John Cooley as saying\227and bin Laden used that free rein and hi\
s accumulated )Tj
T*
(wealth to begin organizing al-Qaeda in 1985.)Tj
ET
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(15 In the late 1980s, Pakistan's President )Tj
-18.08 -1.33333 Td
(Benazir Bhutto, seeing how strong the Mujaheddin movement was becoming, \
told )Tj
T*
(President Bush: "You are creating a Frankenstein.")Tj
ET
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340.77499 169.59456 l
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(16 Then in the late 1990s, after the )Tj
-20.396 -1.33333 Td
(CIA had worked with the ISI to create the Taliban, South East Asia speci\
alist Selig )Tj
T*
(Harrison who knew CIA agents, reports that he warned them that they "wer\
e creating a )Tj
T*
(monster.")Tj
ET
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(17 )Tj
-3.88 -2.60001 Td
(And if both al-Qaeda and the Taliban were reportedly becoming monstrous,\
the same )Tj
T*
(was said of the ISI itself. After the withdrawal of the Soviet Union fro\
m Afghanistan, the )Tj
T*
(ISI, which had at the instigation of the CIA begun producing heroin in o\
rder to turn )Tj
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(Soviet soldiers into addicts, began smuggling its heroin into Western co\
untries, using the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(huge profits to build itself up. As a result, said one analyst, the ISI \
became a "parallel )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(structure wielding enormous power over all aspects of government." )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( magazine later )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(confirmed this analysis, saying that the "notorious" ISI "is commonly br\
anded 'a state )Tj
T*
(within the state,' or Pakistan's 'invisible government,'" and a story in\
the New Yorker )Tj
T*
(called the ISI "a parallel government of its own.")Tj
ET
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329.105 710.5524 l
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(>)Tj
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(18 )Tj
-19.618 -2.60001 Td
(This history of the ISI, with its links to the CIA on the one hand and a\
l-Qaeda and the )Tj
T*
(Taliban on the other, is important in light of evidence that these links\
were never broken. )Tj
T*
(Chossodovsky, rejecting the view that the "Osama-CIA links belong to the\
'bygone era' )Tj
T*
(of the Soviet-Afghan war," asserts: "The CIA has never severed its ties \
to the 'Islamic )Tj
T*
(Militant Network.'")Tj
ET
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151.985 599.5524 l
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(19 And Ahmed quotes Selig Harrison's statement, made in March of )Tj
-7.81 -1.33333 Td
(2001, that "[t]he CIA still has close links with the ISI.")Tj
ET
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364.565 579.5524 l
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(20 )Tj
-21.98199 -2.60001 Td
(These links are also supported by an investigator with a very different \
political )Tj
T*
(perspective from Ahmed's and Chossudovky's, Gerald Posner. I cited earli\
er Posners )Tj
T*
(report on the interrogation of Abu Zubaydah insofar as it dealt with Zub\
aydah's claim )Tj
T*
(that his al-Qaeda activities were carried out on behalf of Saudi officia\
ls. Zubaydah also )Tj
T*
(reportedly said that it was on behalf of Pakistani officials. "According\
to Zubaydah," )Tj
T*
(reports Posner, )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(he was present in 1996, in Pakistan, when bin Laden struck a deal with )Tj
T*
(Mushaf Ali Mir, a highly placed military officer with close ties to some\
of )Tj
T*
(the most pro-Islamist dements in ISI. It was a relationship that was sti\
ll )Tj
T*
(active and provided bin Laden and al-Qaeda protection, arms, and supplie\
s.)Tj
ET
66.375 341.5524 m
74.83501 341.5524 l
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0 0 1 rg
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(21)Tj
-2.66667 -1.75 Td
(Posner also reports that, just as three of the Saudis identified by Zuba\
ydah died within )Tj
T*
(four months, the same fate befell Musfaaf Ali Mir seven months later. On\
February 20, )Tj
T*
(2003, he, his wife, and many of his closest confidants were killed when \
their air force )Tj
T*
(plane\227which had recently passed inspection\227went down in good weath\
er.)Tj
ET
482.53999 261.3024 m
491 261.3024 l
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(>)Tj
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(22 )Tj
-30.411 -1.33333 Td
(Accordingly, although Posner accepts the official American position on m\
ost issues, he )Tj
T*
(here presents evidence against the US attempt to distance the Pakistanis\
, portrayed as )Tj
T*
(good, from bin Laden and al-Qieda, portrayed as evil. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In any case, the importance of the fact that the ISI continued to be clo\
sely linked with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(both the CIA and al-Qaeda may have been made manifest by a discovery com\
ing shortly )Tj
T*
(after 9/11 - This was the disovery that an ISI agent, Saeed Sheikh, had \
made a wire )Tj
T*
(transfer of $100.000 to Mohamed Atta's bank accounts in Florida, and tha\
t he had done )Tj
T*
(this at the instruction of none other than General Mahrnoud Ahmad, the D\
irector of the )Tj
T*
(ISI.)Tj
ET
48.455 78.3024 m
56.91499 78.3024 l
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(>)Tj
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(23 Accordingly, the ISI, which had continued to work closely with the CI\
A, was )Tj
-1.472 -1.33333 Td
(discovered to have secretly sent money to the man considered to be the r\
ingleader of the )Tj
T*
(9/11 terrorists. This "damning link," as Agence France-Press called it, \
was reportedly )Tj
ET
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(first revealed to the US government by the Indian government.)Tj
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411.44 800.84456 l
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(>)Tj
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(24 )Tj
-25.10699 -2.60001 Td
(The discovery of this transfer took on even more potential significance \
when it was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(learned that General Mahmoud Ahmad had been in Washington on 9/11\227hav\
ing, in fact, )Tj
T*
(been there from September 4 until several days after 9/11. During this p\
eriod, he )Tj
T*
(reportedly met with CIA Director George Tenet until September 9, then me\
t with )Tj
T*
(officials in the Pentagon, the National Security Council, and the State \
Department, as )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(well as with the chairmen of the House and Senate Intelligence committee\
s. The )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(News, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(leading newspaper in Pakistan, made this significant comment on Septembe\
r 10: "What )Tj
T*
(added interest to [General Ahmad's] visit is the history of such visits.\
Last time [his] )Tj
T*
(predecessor was [in Washington], the domestic [Pakistani] politics turne\
d topsy-turvy )Tj
T*
(within days." The reference, Thompson points out, is to the coup of Octo\
ber 12, 1999, )Tj
T*
(when General Musharraf took over the government\227after which he made G\
eneral )Tj
T*
(Ahmad, who had been instrumental to the success of the coup, the Directo\
r of the ISI.)Tj
ET
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549.74001 563.8024 l
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(>)Tj
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(25 )Tj
-34.327 -2.60001 Td
(Big things also happened on the occasion of this visit, and not only the\
attacks of 9/11 )Tj
T*
(itself. On September 9, the leader of the Northern Alliance, Ahmad Masoo\
d, was the )Tj
T*
(victim of an assassination, which the Northern Alliance declared to be t\
he work of the )Tj
T*
(ISI. That this assassination followed immediately upon extended conversa\
tions between )Tj
T*
(the head of the ISI and the head of the CIA is especially significant, s\
uggests )Tj
T*
(Chossudovsky, in light of the fact that the United States had long been \
seeking to )Tj
T*
("weaken Masood, who was perceived as a nationalist reformer." Suggesting\
that this )Tj
T*
(assassination "served US interests," Chossudovsky adds that after Masood\
was dead, "the )Tj
T*
(Northern Alliance became fragmented into different factions. Had Masood \
not been )Tj
T*
(assassinated, he would have become the head of the post-Taliban governme\
nt formed in )Tj
T*
(the wake of the US bombings of Afghanistan.")Tj
ET
307.46001 344.8024 m
315.92 344.8024 l
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(>)Tj
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(26 These reflections provide a possible )Tj
-18.739 -1.33333 Td
(explanation of the treatment of Julie Sirrs by the Defense Intelligence \
Agency, discussed )Tj
T*
(in )Tj
ET
41.795 306.8024 m
100.535 306.8024 l
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(Chapter 6)Tj
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(. )Tj
-1.028 -2.60001 Td
(The significance of Masoods assassination was perhaps alluded to by John\
O'Neill, the )Tj
T*
(investigator who had resigned from the FBI after having his attempts to \
investigate al-)Tj
T*
(Qaeda obstructed. On September 10, the day after Masood's assassination,\
O'Neill moved )Tj
T*
(into his new office in the North Tower of the WTC, where he had become d\
irector of )Tj
T*
(security, and on 9/11 he was one of the people killed. On the night of S\
eptember 10, he )Tj
T*
(had reportedly told a colleague: "We're due for something big. I don't l\
ike the way things )Tj
T*
(are lining up in Afghanistan.")Tj
ET
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213.02 159.8024 l
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(>)Tj
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(27 )Tj
-11.879 -2.60001 Td
(From the perspective of the critics of the official account of 9/11, the\
fact that Masood )Tj
T*
(was assassinated while the ISI chief was visiting Washington might have \
been one of the )Tj
T*
(reasons Washington tried to keep this visit quiet. In any case, a compar\
ison of transcripts )Tj
T*
(of Condoleezza Rice's press conference on May 16, 2002, suggests, believ\
es )Tj
T*
(Chossudovsky, that the Bush administration did want to keep General Ahma\
ds presence )Tj
ET
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(in Washington from being widely known. The transcript from the Federal N\
ews Service )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shows that the following interchange occurred: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(QUESTION: Are you aware of the reports at the time that the ISI chief wa\
s )Tj
T*
(in Washington on September 11th, and on September 10th, $100,000 was )Tj
T*
(wired from Pakistan to these groups in this area? And why he was here? )Tj
T*
(Was he meeting with you or anybody in the administration?)Tj
0 -1.61665 TD
(MS. RICE: I have not seen that report, and he was certainly not meeting \
)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with me.)Tj
-2.66667 -1.61667 Td
(Besides the question whether it is credible that the head of Pakistan's \
intelligence agency )Tj
T*
(would meet with the National Security Council but not with the president\
's National )Tj
T*
(Security Advisor, the other suspicious thing is that, as pointed out by \
Chossudovsky, the )Tj
T*
(White House version of this transcript begins thus: )Tj
T*
(QUESTION: Dr. Rice, are you aware of the reports at the time that \(inau\
dible\) was in )Tj
T*
(Washington on September 11th...?)Tj
T*
(This version of the transcript, which\227unlike the transcript from the \
Federal News )Tj
T*
(Service\227does not contain the information that the person being discus\
sed was "the ISI )Tj
T*
(chief," was the one reported on the CNN show "Inside Politics" later tha\
t day.)Tj
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(>)Tj
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(28 )Tj
-31.136 -2.60001 Td
(The suspicion that US officials wanted to conceal the ISI connection is \
also suggested by )Tj
T*
(the evidence, raised by Chossudovsky, that the FBI, in reporting on the \
connection with )Tj
T*
(Pakistan, did not specifically mention General Ahmad, Saeed Sheikh, or t\
he ISI. For )Tj
T*
(example, Brian Ross of ABC News reported that he had been told by federa\
l authorities )Tj
T*
(that they had "tracked more than $100,000 from banks in Pakistan." Ross \
also reported )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(that according to )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(magazine, "some of that money ... can be traced directly to people )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(connected to Osama bin Laden.")Tj
ET
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230.495 334.3024 l
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(>)Tj
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(29 The FBI's way of reporting the story, saying that the )Tj
-13.04401 -1.33333 Td
(money came from "people connected to Osama bin Laden," diverted attentio\
n from )Tj
T*
(General Ahmad, Saeed Sheikh, and the ISI. Indeed, thus laundered, the po\
tentially )Tj
T*
(embarrassing discovery about the transfer of money was used to confirm t\
he official )Tj
T*
(account\227that primary responsibility for the attacks belonged to Osama\
bin Laden. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Later evidence suggested that Saeed Sheikh had transferred even more mon\
ey to Atta. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Thompson says that evidently $100,000 was transferred in 2000 and anothe\
r $100,000 on )Tj
T*
(August 11 of 2001, and that it is not clear to which of these transfers \
the story that broke )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(in October referred.)Tj
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153.53 169.26024 l
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(>)Tj
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(30 Also, the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(suggested that a total of about )Tj
-7.91299 -1.33333 Td
($325,000 was transferred to Atta's Florida accounts by one "Mustafa Ahme\
d," and this )Tj
T*
(name was thought by some, including the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(and CNN, to be an alias for Saeed )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Sheikh.)Tj
ET
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80.255 113.21808 l
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(>)Tj
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(31 This individual's final transfers to Atta's account occurred on Septe\
mber 8 )Tj
-3.028 -1.33333 Td
(and 9.)Tj
ET
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71.495 93.21808 l
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(>)Tj
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(32 "These last-minute transfers," Thompson reports, "are touted as the '\
smoking )Tj
-2.444 -1.33333 Td
(gun' proving al-Qaeda involvement in the 9/11 attacks, since Saeed is a \
known financial )Tj
T*
(manager for bin Laden." However, Thompson asks, "since Saeed also works \
for the ISI, )Tj
ET
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(aren't these transfers equally a smoking gun of ISI involvement in the 9\
/11 attacks?")Tj
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(33 )Tj
-33.722 -2.60001 Td
(Chossudovsky takes this thought a step further, calling the story of the\
ISI's transfer of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(money to Atta, in conjunction with the presence of the ISI chief in Wash\
ington during )Tj
T*
(the week, "the missing link behind 9-11." According to his summary state\
ment: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(The 9-11 terrorists did not act on their own volition. The suicide hijac\
kers )Tj
T*
(were instruments in a carefully planned intelligence operation. The )Tj
T*
(evidence confirms that al-Qaeda is supported by Pakistan's ISI [and it i\
s )Tj
T*
(amply documented that] the ISI owes its existence to the CIA.)Tj
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(34)Tj
-27.52467 -1.75 Td
(Chossudowski, accordingly, believes that this evidence suggests possible\
complicity by )Tj
T*
("key individuals within the US military-intelligence Establishment," add\
ing: "Whether )Tj
T*
(this amounts to complicity on the part of the Bush administration remain\
s to be firmly )Tj
T*
(established. The least one can expect at this stage is an inquiry.")Tj
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419.645 554.59456 l
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(>)Tj
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(35 )Tj
-25.65401 -2.60001 Td
(Chossudowsky is not alone in his musings on the possibility that the mon\
ey transfer )Tj
T*
(might point to direct US involvement in the planning of 9/11. Ahmed and \
Jared Israel )Tj
T*
(both ask whether the long-time connection between the CIA and the ISI mi\
ght mean that )Tj
T*
(US financial aid was funneled to al-Qaeda through the ISI.)Tj
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(>)Tj
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(36 This possibility is also )Tj
-23.495 -1.33614 Td
(suggested by a story in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(which said: "There are many in )Tj
T*
(Musharraf's government who believe that Saeed Sheikh's power comes not f\
rom the ISI, )Tj
T*
(but from his connections with our own CIA. The theory is that...Saeed Sh\
eikh was )Tj
T*
(bought and paid for.")Tj
ET
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162.605 387.5524 l
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(>)Tj
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(37 )Tj
-8.51801 -2.60001 Td
(Ahmed, realizing that the suggestion of CIA financing is speculative, be\
lieves that what )Tj
T*
(happened next at least demonstrated that Washington did not want the con\
tinuing )Tj
T*
(relationship between al-Qaeda and the ISI explored. On October 8, just b\
efore the )Tj
T*
(beginning of the bombing campaign in Afghanistan, General Ahmad gave up \
his position )Tj
T*
(with the ISI. Although it was publicly announced that he had decided it \
was time to )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(retire, a story in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Times of India )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(said: "the truth is more shocking." This more )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(shocking truth was that after India had given US officials evidence of t\
he money transfer )Tj
T*
(ordered by General Ahmad, he had been quietly dismissed after "US author\
ities sought )Tj
T*
(his removal.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(38 For Ahmed, this behavior suggests a cover-up: )Tj
-2.68533 -2.60001 Td
(The US, which one would think would be spearheading a full-scale )Tj
T*
(investigation into the role of the ISI, actually prevented one from goin\
g )Tj
T*
(ahead by asking from behind the scenes for the ISI chief...to quietly )Tj
T*
(resign.... )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(By pressuring the then ISI Director-General to resign without scandal on\
)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the pretext of reshuffling, while avoiding any publicity with respect to\
his )Tj
T*
(siphoning of funds to alleged lead hijacker Mohamed Area, the US had )Tj
ET
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(effectively blocked any sort of investigation into the matter. It preven\
ted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(wide publicity of these facts, and allowed the ISI chief, who was clearl\
y )Tj
T*
(complicit in the terrorist attacks of 11 th September, to walk away free\
. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Whatever the motivations behind such a cynical policy, it is indisputabl\
e )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that the US response at least suggests a significant degree of indirect \
)Tj
T*
(complicity on the part of the US government, which appears more )Tj
T*
(interested in protecting, rather than investigating and prosecuting, a m\
ilitary )Tj
T*
(intelligence agency that funded the lead hijacker in the WTC and Pentago\
n )Tj
T*
(attacks.)Tj
ET
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(39)Tj
-5.69366 -2.60001 Td
(Chossudovsky likewise finds it disturbing that "the Bush administration \
refuses to )Tj
T*
(investigate these ISI links.")Tj
ET
190.82001 580.51024 m
199.28 580.51024 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
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(>)Tj
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(40 )Tj
-10.963 -2.60001 Td
(Another possible connection between the ISI and 9/11 is Khalid Shaikh Mo\
hammed, )Tj
T*
(identified by the US government as the mastermind of the 9/11 attacks \(\
as well as one of )Tj
T*
(the planners of Project Bojinka, the 1993 bombing of the WTC, and the bo\
mbing of the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(USS Cole\). )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(In 1999, according to reports, he repeatedly visited Atta's apartment in\
)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Hamburg.)Tj
ET
86.78 469.46808 m
95.24001 469.46808 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 86.78 471.62808 Tm
(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(41 As we saw earlier, the day before 9/11 he evidently gave Atta final )Tj
-4.02699 -1.33333 Td
(approval during a telephone call intercepted by the NSA. All this is gen\
erally known )Tj
T*
(\(with the proviso that, according to the NSA, it did not translate the \
content of that call )Tj
T*
(until after 9/11\). What has rarely been mentioned, however, is evidence\
that Mohammed, )Tj
T*
(a Pakistani, had links to the ISI. One of the few exceptions to this sil\
ence was Josef )Tj
T*
(Bodansky, the director of the Congressional Task Force on Terrorism and \
)Tj
T*
(Unconventional Warfare, who stated in 2002 that Mohammed was related to \
the ISI, )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(which had acted to shield him.)Tj
ET
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218.14999 341.42592 l
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BT
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(>)Tj
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(42 If this is correct, then )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(the day before 9/11, Mohamed )Tj
-12.22099 -1.33614 Td
(Atta was given money by one ISI agent \(Saeed Sheikh\) and final authori\
zation by another )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(ISI agent \(Khalid Shaikh Mohammed\). )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(We will see below, furthermore, that there is )Tj
T*
(evidence that Saeed and Mohammed worked closely together on another ISI-\
related )Tj
T*
(operation. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Further Evidence that the ISI Should Be Investigated)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(Critics of the official account of 9/11 report that in addition to the f\
act that US officials )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(evidendy tried to cover up the connection between die ISI and the al-Qae\
da operatives in )Tj
T*
(the United States, there have been still other stories about the ISI sug\
gesting that any real )Tj
T*
(attempt to understand 9/11 would need to focus on it. Some of these stor\
ies have )Tj
T*
(involved investigative reporters. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(In November of 2001, Christina Lamb was in Pakistan investigating the co\
nnections )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(between the ISI and the Taliban, but the ISI had her arrested and expell\
ed from the )Tj
T*
(country.)Tj
ET
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(43 )Tj
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(In late January of 2002, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Wall Street Journal )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(reporter Daniel Pearl was kidnapped while )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(in Pakiscan investigating, according to a story in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( "links between )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Pakistani extremists and Richard C. Reid, the British man accused of try\
ing to blow up )Tj
T*
(an American airliner with explosives hidden in his sneakers." Pearl, who\
had read a story )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston Globe )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(suggesting that Reid may have had ties to a religious group called Al-)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Fuqra, was evidently going to see its leader, Ali Gilani, when he was ki\
dnapped. Gilani )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(reportedly had links with Saeed Sheikh and the ISI. The story in the)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
( Washington Post )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(continued: "As part of that probe, Pearl may have soured into areas invo\
lving Pakistan's )Tj
T*
(secret intelligence organisations,")Tj
ET
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(44 The US press suspected early on, therefore, that )Tj
-13.489 -1.33333 Td
(the ISI was responsible for Pearl's fate. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(That the kidnappers were not just ordinary terrorists was suggested by t\
heir demands, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(especially their demand that the United States sell F-16 fighters to Pak\
istan. As )Tj
T*
(Thompson comments: "No terrorist group had ever shown interest in the F-\
16's, but this )Tj
T*
(demand and the others reflect the desires of Pakistan's military and the\
ISI.")Tj
ET
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(45 It was )Tj
-30.33299 -1.33333 Td
(reported by UPI at me end of January, in fact, that US intelligence beli\
eved the )Tj
T*
(kidnappers to be connected to the ISI.)Tj
ET
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261.875 507.67592 l
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(46 After this, stories about Pearl would only )Tj
-15.136 -1.33333 Td
(seldom mention the ISI. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(After it was learned that Pearl had been murdered, it was also learned t\
hat Saeed, the ISI )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(agent who had wired $100,000 to Mohamed Atta, had been involved in the k\
idnapping. )Tj
T*
(The ISI picked him up and held him secretly for a week, after which neit\
her Saeed nor )Tj
T*
(the ISI would discuss what had transpired that week. The Pakistani polic\
e then attributed )Tj
T*
(Pearl's murder to him. Saeed at first confessed, but, after he was sente\
nced to hang, he )Tj
T*
(recanted. Thompson asks: "Did Saeed work out a secret deal during his 'm\
issing week' in )Tj
T*
(ISI custody to get a light sentence, a deal that is later broken?")Tj
ET
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409.64 342.67592 l
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(47 In any case, between )Tj
-24.987 -1.33333 Td
(Saeeds arrest and his conviction, Thompson reports, some news stories me\
ntioned his )Tj
T*
(links to al-Qaeda, some mentioned his links to ISI, and a few mentioned \
that he might )Tj
T*
(have been related to both groups, but many stories failed to mention eit\
her connection. )Tj
T*
(By the time of Saeed's conviction in July of 2002, moreover, "not a sing\
le US newspaper )Tj
T*
(is connecting Saeed to either al-Qaeda or the ISI." Thompson asks: "Is t\
he media afraid )Tj
T*
(of reporting any news that could imply a connection between the ISI and \
the 9/11 )Tj
T*
(attacks?")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(48 )Tj
-3.629 -2.60001 Td
(The same question could be asked, furthermore, with regard to the report\
ing about )Tj
T*
(Khalid Shaikh Mohammed's involvement in the Pearl case. In 1997, former \
CIA agent )Tj
T*
(Robert Baer was told by a former police chief in Qatar\227to which Moham\
med had fled )Tj
T*
(after the exposure of the Bojinka plot in the Philippines\227that Mohamm\
ed was one of bin )Tj
T*
(Laden's key aides.)Tj
ET
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144.59 103.67592 l
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0 0 1 rg
BT
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(>)Tj
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(49 Baer then told Pearl about Mohammed, so Pearl may have been )Tj
-7.317 -1.33333 Td
(looking into the connection between Reid and Mohammed. Investigators lat\
er came to )Tj
T*
(believe, in any case, that Reid operated under Mohammed's supervision.)Tj
ET
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(50 They also )Tj
-28.953 -1.33333 Td
(came to believe that Mohammed was the mastermind behind the kidnapping.)Tj
ET
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(51 )Tj
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(Furthermore, Josef Bodansky, the man who claimed in 2002 that Mohammed h\
ad ties to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the ISI, also claimed then that Mohammed was the one who ordered Pearl's\
murder,)Tj
ET
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537.86 782.84456 l
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(52 )Tj
-33.535 -1.33333 Td
(and in October of 2003, reporter John Lupkin said that US officials "now\
have new )Tj
T*
(information that leads them to believe [Mohammed] killed Pearl.")Tj
ET
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431.33 744.84456 l
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(53 In this story, )Tj
-26.433 -1.33333 Td
(however, there is no mention of a possible ISI connection. Pearl is said\
to have been )Tj
T*
(working on "a story on Islamic militants." And the only organization to \
which )Tj
T*
(Mohammed is connected is al-Qaeda. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In any case, Khalid Shaikh Mohammed, thought to be the mastermind behind\
9/11, is )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(also thought to be behind the kidnapping and murder of Daniel Pearl. If \
that is so, it )Tj
T*
(would not be a big leap to infer that Pearl may have been killed out of \
fear that he was )Tj
T*
(uncovering the truth about 9/11. And if Mohammed was indeed connected wi\
th ISI, this )Tj
T*
(would be further reason to suspect ISI involvement in 9/11. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Yet another story involving the ISI and reporters began when Pakistan's \
government )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(failed in February of 2002 to prevent the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(News )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(from publishing a story about Saeed's )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(connections to the ISI. Saeed had not only admitted his involvement in a\
ttacks on the )Tj
T*
(Indian parliament, the story revealed, but had also said that the ISI ha\
d helped him )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(finance, plan, and execute the attacks. Shortly thereafter, the ISI pres\
sured the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(News )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(fire the four journalists who worked on the story and also demanded an a\
pology from the )Tj
T*
(newspaper's editor. The journalists were fired and the editor fled the c\
ountry.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(54 After )Tj
-30.812 -1.33333 Td
(summarizing these reports, Thompson adds: "This information comes from a\
n article )Tj
T*
(tided, 'There's Much More To Daniel Pearl's Murder Than Meets the Eye,' \
and that )Tj
T*
(certainly seems to be the case.")Tj
ET
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(55 )Tj
-12.51601 -2.60001 Td
(The fact that the ISI apparently has so much to hide, combined with the \
fact that an )Tj
T*
(American journalist was reportedly kidnapped and perhaps murdered by the\
same ISI )Tj
T*
(agent who had sent money to Mohamed Atta, should, one would think, make \
US )Tj
T*
(intelligence agencies very anxious to interview Saeed to learn all they \
could about the )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(ISI. The )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(for example, said: "The [ISI] is a house of horrors waiting to )Tj
T*
(break open. Saeed has tales to tell.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(56 However, in late February of 2002, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-14.183 -1.33333 Td
(magazine stated that the second highest Taliban official in US custody, \
Mullah Haji )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Abdul Samat Khaksar, had after several months still been waiting to talk\
to the CIA, )Tj
T*
(even though he had reportedly volunteered the information that "ISI agen\
ts are still )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(mixed up with the Taliban and al-Qaeda." Many months later, the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Indian Express )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(wondering why Saeed, sitting in a Pakistani prison, still had not been i\
nterviewed by US )Tj
T*
(intelligence agencies.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(57 This lack of curiosity suggests to critics of the official account )Tj
-8.60899 -1.33333 Td
(that US intelligence agencies assumed that these men had nothing to tell\
them that they )Tj
T*
(did not already know. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Far from pursuing the ISI connections, in fact, Washington seemed intent\
on denying that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(there were any. In March of 2002, Secretary of State Powell declared tha\
t there were no )Tj
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(links between Pearl's murder and "elements of the ISI." In light of the \
overwhelming )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(evidence that the main suspect, Saeed Sheikh, worked for the ISI, said t\
he )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(Powell's denial was "shocking.")Tj
ET
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(58 Shortly thereafter, when Attorney General Ashcroft )Tj
-12.77299 -1.33333 Td
(announced a criminal indictment against Saeed, there was no mention of h\
is financing of )Tj
T*
(the 9/11 attacks.)Tj
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(59 )Tj
-6.52699 -2.60001 Td
(These incidents suggesting an official desire to cover up ISI involvemen\
t, furthermore, )Tj
T*
(reportedly had a startling precedent in 1999. According to later reports\
, an informant for )Tj
T*
(the US government, Randy Glass, made a wire-recording of a conversation \
at a dinner )Tj
T*
(involving himself, some illegal arms dealers, and an ISI agent named Raj\
aa Gulum )Tj
T*
(Abbas. This dinner, which took place on July 14, 1999, and was observed \
by FBI agents )Tj
T*
(at nearby tables pretending to be customers, was at a restaurant within \
view of the WTC. )Tj
T*
(Abbas, besides saying that he wanted to buy a shipload of stolen US mili\
tary weapons to )Tj
T*
(give to bin Laden, pointed to the WTC and said: "Those towers are coming\
down.")Tj
ET
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(60 In )Tj
-33.201 -1.33333 Td
(June of 2002, Abbas was secredy indicted for attempting to buy US milita\
ry weapons )Tj
T*
(illegally. But when the indictment was finally revealed in March of 2003\
, it made "no )Tj
T*
(mention of Pakistan, any ties to Afghanistan's former Taliban regime or \
the ultimate )Tj
T*
(destination of the weapons.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(61 )Tj
-11.351 -2.60001 Td
(If the part of this story about the towers is true, it suggests, obvious\
ly, that the plan to )Tj
T*
(attack the WTC was discussed long before the Bush administration took of\
fice, and even )Tj
T*
(before September of 2000, when the Project for the New Amencan Century p\
ublished its )Tj
T*
(manifesto with its reference to the good that could come out of a new Pe\
arl Harbor." And )Tj
T*
(if true, moreover, it makes the circumstantial case for ISI involvement \
in the planning for )Tj
T*
(9/11 even stronger, adding further interest to the fact that the Bush ad\
ministration has )Tj
T*
(been so intent to keep the ISI's nameout of all stories about 9/11. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(FBI Flight from Flight School Investigations)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(Further lack of curiosity about the background to the attacks was shown \
by the FBI in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(relation to a story, which broke four days after 9/11, that many of the \
alleged hijackers )Tj
T*
(had received flight training at US military installations. These install\
ations included the )Tj
T*
(Naval Air Station in Pensacola, Brooks Air Force Base in San Antonio, Ma\
xwell Air )Tj
T*
(Force Base in Alabama, and the Defense Language Institute in Monterey, C\
alifornia.)Tj
ET
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(62 )Tj
-33.993 -1.33333 Td
(The Pensacola station was even listed on the drivers licenses of three o\
f the men as their )Tj
T*
(permanent address.)Tj
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(63 When asked about this report, a spokesperson for the US Air )Tj
-7.72 -1.33333 Td
(Force said that while the names were similar, "we are probably not talki\
ng about the )Tj
T*
(same people.")Tj
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(64 )Tj
-5.629 -2.60001 Td
(TV producer, book author, and investigative journalist Daniel Hopsicker \
reports that )Tj
T*
(when he asked a major in the Air Force's Public Affairs Office about thi\
s story, she said: )Tj
T*
("Biographically, they're not the same people. Some of the ages are 20 ye\
ars off." But )Tj
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(when Hopsicker, replying that he was interested only in Mohamed Atta, as\
ked if she was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
("saying that the age of the Mohamed Atta who attended the Air Forces Int\
ernational )Tj
T*
(Officer's School at Maxwell Air Force Base was different from the terror\
ist Atta's age as )Tj
T*
(reported," she replied: "Urn, er, no." Then when Hopsicker said that he \
would like )Tj
T*
(information about the Mohamed Atta who had attended the school at Maxwel\
l, so that he )Tj
T*
(could contact him, the major reportedly said that she did not think he w\
as going to get )Tj
T*
(that information. On September 16, news reports said that, with regard t\
o Atta and two )Tj
T*
(other men who had reportedly attended US military schools: "Officials wo\
uld not release )Tj
T*
(ages, country of origin or any other specific details of the three indiv\
iduals.")Tj
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(65 )Tj
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(Even US senators evidently got stonewalled. When Florida's Senator Bill \
Nelson learned )Tj
T*
(that three of the hijackers had been trained at Pensacola Naval Station,\
he sent a letter to )Tj
T*
(Attorney General Ashcroft asking if this was true. Hopsicker reports tha\
t when a )Tj
T*
(spokesman for Senator Nelson was asked about this, he said: "we never go\
t a definitive )Tj
T*
(answer from the Justice Department. So we asked the FBI for an answer...\
Their response )Tj
T*
(to date has been that they are trying to sort through something complica\
ted and difficult." )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Nevertheless, on October 10, with this "complicated and difficult" probl\
em unsolved and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(dozens of other facts seeming to scream out for an extensive and intensi\
ve investigation, )Tj
T*
(FBI Director Mueller, calling the FBI's month-long investigation of 9/11\
"the most )Tj
T*
(exhaustive in its history," declared it over. Officials reportedly said \
that Mueller's attitude )Tj
T*
(was that his agents now had "a broad understanding of the events of Sept\
ember 11" and )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(that it "was now time to move on.")Tj
ET
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(66 Mueller, according to the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-13.927 -1.33333 Td
("described reports that several of the hijackers had received flight tra\
ining in the United )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(States as news, quite obviously.'" But he had the agents who were invest\
igating this news )Tj
T*
(reassigned.)Tj
ET
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(67 "The investigative staff has to be made to understand," one law )Tj
-4.47099 -1.33333 Td
(enforcement official was quoted as saying, "that we're not trying to sol\
ve a crime )Tj
T*
(now.")Tj
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(68 )Tj
-2.38 -2.60001 Td
(To critics of the official account, a cover-up is suggested not only by \
the FBI's refusal to )Tj
T*
(investigate this story but also by evidence that it had earlier tried to\
conceal the training )Tj
T*
(received by some of the hijackers at two flight schools in Venice, Flori\
da. Hopsicker, )Tj
T*
(reporting that many of the men had trained at these two schools, also re\
ports that just 18 )Tj
T*
(hours after the 9/11 attacks\227at 2 AM\227FBI agents came to both schoo\
ls and removed )Tj
T*
(student files.)Tj
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(69 This story, like the one about the FBI confiscating the film from the\
gas )Tj
-5.11099 -1.33333 Td
(station across from the Pentagon immediately after the crash there, lend\
s additional )Tj
T*
(support to the charge that the FBI had rather specific advance knowledge\
. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(The FBI's Quick Release of Omar al-Bayoumi)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(One fact about post-9/11 investigations that the critics of the official\
account find )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(significant is that whereas many people with no apparent connections to \
the hijackers )Tj
ET
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(were arrested and held for long periods, some people with seemingly obvi\
ous )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(connections were, if arrested at all, quickly released. For example, rep\
orts Thompson, )Tj
T*
(back in 1999, when Nawaf Alhazmi and Khalid Almihdhar\227who would later\
be named )Tj
T*
(as two of the hijackers\227first entered the country, they were met at t\
he airport in Los )Tj
T*
(Angeles by a Saudi named Umar al-Bayoumi. He drove them to San Diego and\
provided )Tj
T*
(an apartment for them. He also helped them open a bank account, obtain c\
ar insurance, )Tj
T*
(get Social Security cards, and call flight schools in Florida.)Tj
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(70 As the )Tj
-23.63699 -1.33333 Td
(CongressionalJoint Inquiry would later learn, "One of the FBI's best sou\
rces in San )Tj
T*
(Diego informed the bureau that he thought that al-Bayoumi," who seemed t\
o have access )Tj
T*
(to large sums of money, "must be an intellignece officer for Saudi Arabi\
a,")Tj
ET
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(71 Two )Tj
-30.033 -1.33333 Td
(months before 9/11, al-Bayoumi moved to England. After 9/11, he was arre\
sted by )Tj
T*
(British agents working with the FBI. However, the FBI, ostensibly accept\
ing his story )Tj
T*
(that he had met Alhazmi and Almihdhar by coincidence, angered British ag\
ents by )Tj
T*
(releasing him "after a week without charge." Thompson comments: "Al-Bayo\
umis quick )Tj
T*
(release is in sharp contrast to that of hundreds of US Muslims who are h\
eld anonymously )Tj
T*
(for many monris after 9/11 despite having no connections to terrorism of\
any kind.")Tj
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(72 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-33.515 -2.60333 Td
(A Cover-Up at the NSA?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46616 TD
(In late October of 2001, the )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Boston Globe )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(reported that some government intelligence )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(officials were furious because, they said information pertinent to the 9\
/11 investigation )Tj
T*
(was being destroyed by the National Security Agency \(NSA\). They also c\
laimed that )Tj
T*
(possible leads were not being followed because of lack of cooperation by\
the NSA.)Tj
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(>)Tj
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(73 )Tj
-33.271 -1.33333 Td
(In a story that Thompson evidently thinks might be related, investigativ\
e reporter James )Tj
T*
(Bamford, an authority on the NSA, reported that at least six of the iden\
tified hijackers, )Tj
T*
(including all of those that boarded Flight 77 from Washington, had from \
August until )Tj
T*
(9/11 been "living, working, planning and developing all their activities\
in Laurel, )Tj
T*
(Maryland, which happens to be the home of the NSA. So they were actually\
living )Tj
T*
(alongside NSA employees as they were plotting all these things.")Tj
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(74 This fact might be )Tj
-26.12801 -1.33333 Td
(simply a coincidence, but the accusations of a cover-up by NSA officials\
could make one )Tj
T*
(wonder. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Later Developments Involving Moussaoui)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(On July 2, 2002, motions from Zacarias Moussaoui were unsealed infederal\
court. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Claiming to have information showing the US goverment wanted the attacks\
of )Tj
T*
(September to happen, Moussaoui indicated that hewanted to testify before\
both a grand )Tj
T*
(jury and Congress.)Tj
ET
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(75 Thus far what he has to say has not been made public. )Tj
-7.52699 -2.60001 Td
(In September of 2002, investigative reporter Seymour Hersh revealed that\
federal )Tj
T*
(prosecutors had not discussed a plea bargain with Moussaoui since he had\
been indicted )Tj
T*
(the previous November. Reporting that Moussaoui's lawyers, and some FBI \
officials, )Tj
ET
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(remain bewildered at the government's failure to pursue a plea bargain,"\
Hersh quoted a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(federal public defender as saying: "I've never been in a conspiracy case\
where the )Tj
T*
(government wasn't interested in knowing if the defendant had any informa\
tion\227to see if )Tj
T*
(there wasn't more to the conspiracy.")Tj
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(76 )Tj
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(On July of 2003, an Associated Press story contained the following state\
ments: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Defying a court order, the Justice Department said Monday it would not )Tj
T*
(make an al-Qaeda witness available to terrorism suspect Zacarias Moussao\
ui)Tj
T*
(\227even though prosecutors understood this could mean dismissal of the \
)Tj
T*
(charges. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(The only US case to arise from the September 11 attacks could be sent to\
a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(military tribunal if US District Judge Leonie Brinkema dismissed the )Tj
T*
(case.... )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(The government said it recognizes that its objection means the depositio\
n of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(suspected September 11 organizer Ramzi Binalshibh cannot go forward. )Tj
T*
(The Justice Department's decision also "obligates the court now to dismi\
ss )Tj
T*
(the indictment unless the court finds that the interests of justice can \
be )Tj
T*
(served by another action," the prosecution filing said.... )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Brinkema has ruled that Moussaoui, who is representing himself, should b\
e )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(allowed to question Binalshibh via a satellite hookup. The exchange, whi\
ch )Tj
T*
(the government is desperately trying to stop, could be played to jurors \
if )Tj
T*
(Moussaoui's case goes to trial... )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Repeating earlier arguments, the government said Monday: "The )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(deposition, which would involve an admitted and unrepentant terrorist \(\
the )Tj
T*
(defendant\) questioning one of his al-Qaeda confederates, would necessar\
ily )Tj
T*
(result in the unauthorized disclosure of classified information. Such a \
)Tj
T*
(scenario is unacceptable to the government, which not only carries the )Tj
T*
(responsibility for prosecuting the defendant, but also of protecting thi\
s )Tj
T*
(nations security at a time of war with an enemy who already murdered )Tj
T*
(thousands of our citizens.")Tj
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(From the point of view of critics of the official account of 9/11, these\
stories suggest that )Tj
T*
(the Justice Department's primary concern is not to find out what really \
happened, nor to )Tj
T*
(prosecute the man who has beenknown as "the 20th hijacker," but to keep \
him from )Tj
T*
(speaking in public. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Promotions Instead of Punishment)Tj
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(The two major theories to account for the failure to prevent the attacks\
of 9/11, as we )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have seen, are the complicity theory and the incompetence theory. As Bar\
rie Zwicker )Tj
T*
(pointed out, "Incornpetence usually earns reprimands," so the incompeten\
ce theory is )Tj
T*
(weakened in the eyes of critics by the absence of reprimands. Thompson r\
eports for )Tj
T*
(example, that over a year after 9/11, the directors of the CIA, the FBI,\
and the NSA all )Tj
T*
(admitted before a congressional committee that no individuals in their a\
gencies had been )Tj
T*
(fired or even punished for missteps connected to 9/11.)Tj
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(78 )Tj
-21.69099 -2.60001 Td
(To the contrary, Thompson adds, some of them were promoted. For example,\
Marion )Tj
T*
("Spike" Bowman\227the agent at FBI headquarters who altered the Minneapo\
lis FBI's )Tj
T*
(request for the warrant to search Moussaouis belongings\227was in Decemb\
er of 2002 )Tj
T*
(given an FBI award for "exceptional performance." This award came, furth\
ermore, after )Tj
T*
(a congressional report said that Bowman's RFU unit had given Minneapolis\
FBI agents )Tj
T*
("inexcusably confused and inaccurate information" that was "patently fal\
se.")Tj
ET
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(79 )Tj
-30.709 -2.60001 Td
(Reflecting on this and other promotions, a former Justice Department off\
icial said that )Tj
T*
(FBI Director Mueller had "promoted the exact same people who have presid\
ed over the\227)Tj
T*
(failure.")Tj
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(80 Such actions, of course, give critics support for their contention th\
at from )Tj
-3.26801 -1.33333 Td
(the point of the FBI and the Bush administration more generally, the eve\
nts of 9/11 )Tj
T*
(represented not a failure but a spectacular success. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(========== )Tj
T*
(For the critics of the official account, the evidence summarized in this\
chapter, which )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(concerns official US behavior after 9/11, furtherstrengthens the case fo\
r concluding not )Tj
T*
(only that the official account is false but also that the true account w\
ould point to US )Tj
T*
(complicity. For one thing, the evidence that American forces did not rea\
lly try to capture )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Osama bin Laden suggests that his long-term relationship with US agencie\
s had not )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(really, as the official account says, come to an end. As to exactly whic\
h US institutions )Tj
T*
(were involved in the conspiracy, evidence in this chapter, more than tha\
t in previous )Tj
T*
(ones, suggests CIA involvement. This chapter also provides further evide\
nce of )Tj
T*
(complicity by the White House, at least in the attempt to cover up the I\
SI's\227and thereby )Tj
T*
(the CIA's\227involvement. With regard to White House involvement in the \
planning: If the )Tj
T*
(prediction about the WTC towers made by an ISI agent in 1999 really occu\
rred and )Tj
T*
(reflected a joint ISI-CIA plan, then that plan must have been formulated\
long before it )Tj
T*
(was certain that George W. Bush would become president. If he was involv\
ed in the )Tj
T*
(planning, he would most likely have been brought in after the basic plan\
had already )Tj
T*
(been formulated. )Tj
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(FOOTNOTES to Chapter 8:)Tj
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(hint: )Tj
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(press the BACK-button on your browser to jump back to the original text-\
location)Tj
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(1)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 726.03688 Tm
(Thompson, "Timeline," early November 2001 \(A\), quoting )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(London Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(July 22,2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 710.33597 Tm
(2)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 706.49597 Tm
(Knight-Ridder, October 20, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," Early November \(\
B\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 690.79504 Tm
(3)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 686.95505 Tm
(Sydney Morning Herald, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 14, 2001, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Christian Science Monitor, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 4 )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(2002, and Knight-Ridder, November 20, 2002, cited in "Timeline," Novembe\
r 10, 2001 )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 653.25414 Tm
(4)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 649.41414 Tm
(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 11, 2002, cited in "Timeline," November 16, 2001 \(B\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 633.71323 Tm
(5)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 629.87323 Tm
(Christian Science Monitor, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 4, 2002, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Telegraph, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(February 23, 2002, cited in )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
("Timeline," early December 2001. )Tj
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(6)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 592.33231 Tm
("Timeline," November 28, 2001, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Fayetteville Observer, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 2, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(August 11, 2002. )Tj
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(7)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 554.7914 Tm
(Timeline," November 28, 2001, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Independent, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 2, 2002. )Tj
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(8)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 535.25049 Tm
(BBC, December 30, 2001, cited in "Timeline," December 30, 2001. )Tj
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(9)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 515.70956 Tm
("Timeline," March 13, 2002, quoting the White House, March 13, and the D\
epartment )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(of Defense, April 6, 2002. )Tj
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(10)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 478.16866 Tm
(Ahmed, 78, quoting )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Daily Mirror, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 16, 2001. )Tj
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(11)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 458.62775 Tm
(George Monbiot, "The Need for Dissent," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 18, 2001, quoted in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Ahmed, 295-96. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 424.92683 Tm
(12)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 421.08684 Tm
(Chossudovsky, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(War and Globalisation, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(60. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 405.38593 Tm
(13)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 401.54591 Tm
(Ibid., 61. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 385.845 Tm
(14)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 382.005 Tm
(Ibid., 22-23; "Timeline," March 1985, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Jury 19, 1992, and )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Rashid, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New Haven: )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Yale University Press, 2000\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 330.26193 Tm
(15)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 326.42194 Tm
(Ahmed, 177-78, quoting John K. Cooley, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(International Terrorism )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(London: Pluto, 1999\), 120, 226. Another thing that the CIA, the )Tj
T*
(ISI, and bin Laden had in common, Thompson reports, is that they all had\
accounts in the )Tj
T*
(now notorious Bank of Credit and Commerce International \(BCCI\), which \
was based in )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Pakistan \("Timeline" July 5, 1991, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Detroit News, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 30, 2001, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
T*
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(February 17, 2002\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 220.59454 Tm
(16)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 216.75453 Tm
(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 1, 2001, quoted in "Timeline," March 1985. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 201.05362 Tm
(17)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 197.21362 Tm
(Times of India, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 7, 2001, and CNN, February 27, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(March 1994 \(B\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 163.51271 Tm
(18)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 159.67271 Tm
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(May 6, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," 1984; )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New Yorker, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 29, 2001, quoted )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(in "Timeline," October 7, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 125.9718 Tm
(19)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 122.13181 Tm
(Chossudovsky, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(War and Globalisatum, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(38. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 106.43088 Tm
(20)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 102.59088 Tm
(Ahmed, 216, quoting Selig Harrison, "Creating the Taliban: 'CIA Made a H\
istoric )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Mistake,'" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Rationalist International Bulletin )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(No. 68: March 19, 2001 \()Tj
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(http://)Tj
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26.375 62.38872 m
184.28 62.38872 l
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 64.54872 Tm
(rationalistinternational.net)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 46.84781 Tm
(21)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 43.00781 Tm
(Ahmed, 189. )Tj
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(22)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 801.46365 Tm
(Gerald Posner, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Why America Slept: The Failure to Prevent 9111 )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Random )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(House, 2003\), 193. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 767.76274 Tm
(23)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 763.92274 Tm
(ABC News, September 30, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Wall Street Journal, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 10, 2001, cited in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
("Timeline," May 2000. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 730.22183 Tm
(24)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 726.38182 Tm
(Agence France-Presse, October 10, 2001, cited in Chossudovsky, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(War and )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Globalisation, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(58. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 692.63875 Tm
(25)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 688.79875 Tm
("Timeline," October 12, 1999, citing the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(News, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 10,2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 673.09784 Tm
(26)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 669.25784 Tm
(Chossudovsky, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(War and Globalisation, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(52-54, 60. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 653.55693 Tm
(27)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 649.71692 Tm
(PBSs )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Frontline, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 3, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," August 23, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 634.01601 Tm
(28)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 630.17601 Tm
(Chossudovsky, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(War and Globalisation, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(156-58. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 614.4751 Tm
(29)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 610.6351 Tm
(Ibid., 58-59, quoting Brian Ross on ABC's "This Week," September 30,2001\
. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 594.93419 Tm
(30)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 591.09419 Tm
("Timeline," October 7, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 575.39328 Tm
(31)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 571.55327 Tm
("Timeline," Septembre 8-11, 2001 \(C\), citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 1, and CNN, October )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(6, 2001. Thompson adds that although earlier the media had "sometimes ma\
de the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obvious connection that the paymaster was the British man Saeed Sheikh, \
a financial )Tj
T*
(expert who studied at the London School of Economics" \(see "Timeline," \
June 1993-)Tj
T*
(October 1994\), after October 8, when the story that ISI Director Ahmad \
ordered Saeed to )Tj
T*
(give Mohamed Atta $100,000 began to break, "References to the 9/11 payma\
ster being )Tj
T*
(the British Saeed Sheikh.-.suddenly disappear from the Western media \(w\
ith one )Tj
T*
(exception [CNN, 10/28/01]\)." Thompson then documents the fact that the \
Western media )Tj
T*
(began referring to this individual, under numerous names, as Egyptian or\
Saudi Arabian, )Tj
T*
(rather than Pakistani. One of the results of this confusion was that, co\
nveniendy, the )Tj
T*
(paymaster came to be identified as "Sheikh Saiid," said to be an alias f\
or Sa'd al-Sharif, )Tj
T*
(one of bin Laden's brothers-in-law. For details about the massive confus\
ion in the press )Tj
T*
(about the name of the paymaster, see "Timeline," October 1, October 16, \
November 11, )Tj
T*
(December 11, 2001, January 23, June 4, June 18, September 4, and Decembe\
r 26, 2002. )Tj
T*
(See also two articles by Chaim Kupferberg \(who prefers to call the paym\
aster Omar )Tj
T*
(Saeed\), "Daniel Pearl and the Paymaster of 9/11: 9/11 and the Smoking G\
un that Turned )Tj
T*
(on its Teacher," and "There's Something about Omar." These two articles \
were posted )Tj
T*
(September 21, 2002, and October 21, 2003, respectively, on the website o\
f the Centre for )Tj
T*
(Research on Globalisation \(www.globalresearch.ca\) )Tj
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534.995 245.39328 l
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 342.95 247.55327 Tm
(http://globalresearch.ca/articles/)Tj
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26.375 225.39328 m
120.965 225.39328 l
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BT
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 227.55327 Tm
(KUP310A.html)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( . )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 209.85236 Tm
(32)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 206.01236 Tm
("Timeline," September 8-11, 2001 \(C\), citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(July 10, 2002, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Financial Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 30, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 172.26929 Tm
(33)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 168.42929 Tm
("Timeline," September 8-11, 2001 \(C\), citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(on the relationship between )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Saeed Sheikh and bin Laden. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 134.72838 Tm
(34)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 130.88837 Tm
(Chossudovsky, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(War and Globalisation, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(146. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 115.18745 Tm
(35)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 111.34746 Tm
(Ibid., 62. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 95.64655 Tm
(36)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 91.80655 Tm
(Ahmed, 218, 226, citing Jared Israel, "Did 'Our' Allies, Pakistani Intel\
ligence, Fund the )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(WTC Attackers?" The Emperor's New Clothes www.emperors-clothes.com Octob\
er )Tj
T*
(15,2001. )Tj
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(37)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 801.46365 Tm
(Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 3, 2002, quoted in Thompson, "Timeline," 1999 \(I\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 785.76274 Tm
(38)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 781.92274 Tm
(Ahmed, 218-19, citing Manoj Joshi, "India Helped FBI Trace ISI-Terrorist\
Links," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Times of India, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 9, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 748.17967 Tm
(39)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 744.33966 Tm
(Ibid., 224, 225. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 728.63875 Tm
(40)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 724.79875 Tm
(Chossudovsky, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(War and Globalisation, 62.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 709.09784 Tm
(41)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 705.25784 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 4, and Associated Press, August 24, 2002, cited in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
("Timeline," 1999 \(K\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 671.55693 Tm
(42)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 667.71692 Tm
(UPI \(United Press International\), September 30, 2002, cited in "Timeli\
ne," June 4, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2002; see also early 1994-January 1995, and December 24, 2001-January 23\
, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 634.01601 Tm
(43)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 630.17601 Tm
(Telegraph, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 11, 2001, cited in "Timeline," November 10, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 614.4751 Tm
(44)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 610.6351 Tm
("Timeline," January 6 and January 23, 2002, quoting )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post,)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( February 23,)Tj
12 0 0 12 545.57001 606.7951 Tm
( )Tj
15 0 0 15 26.375 589.45386 Tm
(2002, and citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston Globe)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, January 6, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pittsburgh Tribune-Review, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March, 3, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(VanityFair)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(, August, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 555.71078 Tm
(45)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 551.87077 Tm
("Timeline," January 28, 2002, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(London Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(April 21, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian,)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( July 16, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 518.16986 Tm
(46)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 514.32986 Tm
("Timeline," January 28, 2002, citing UPI, January 29, 2002 )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 498.62895 Tm
(47)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 494.78896 Tm
("Timeline," February 12, 2002, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston Globe, 7, Observer,)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( February 24, 2002, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 11, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Vanity Fair, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 461.04588 Tm
(48)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 457.20589 Tm
("Timeline," February 6, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 441.50496 Tm
(49)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 437.66496 Tm
(UPI, September 30, 2002; )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Vanity Fair, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(February, 2002, and Baer, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(See No Evil The True )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Story of a Ground Soldier in the CIA's War on Terrorism )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Crown Pub, 2002\), )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(270-71, cited in "Timeline," December 1997. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 385.92189 Tm
(50)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 382.08189 Tm
(CNN, January 30, 2003, cited in "Timeline," December 22, 2001 \(B\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 366.38098 Tm
(51)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 362.54099 Tm
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 26, and CNN, January 30,2003, cited in "Timeline," January 23,20\
02. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 346.84007 Tm
(52)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 343.00006 Tm
(UPI, September 30, 2002, cited in "Timeline," June 4, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 327.29915 Tm
(53)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 323.45915 Tm
(John J. Lumpkin, "New Theory on Pearl Skying: 9/11 Mastermind Believed t\
o Have )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Killed Wall Street Journal Reporter," APAP, October 21, 2003 )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 289.75824 Tm
(54)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 285.91824 Tm
("Timeline," February 18, 2002 \(B\), citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(News, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(February 18, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(London Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(April 21, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(July 16, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 252.17517 Tm
(55)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 248.33516 Tm
("Timeline," March 1, 2002, citing "There's Much More To Daniel Pearls Mu\
rder Than )Tj
-0.8 -1.30273 Td
(Meets the Eye," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 10, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 338.3 232.63425 Tm
(56)Tj
15 0 0 15 350.3 228.79425 Tm
("Timeline," March 3, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 213.09334 Tm
(57)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 209.25334 Tm
("Timeline," July 19, 2002 \(B\), citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(February 25, 2002, and Timeline," )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(December 26, 2002, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(India Express, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(July 19, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 175.51027 Tm
(58)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 171.67027 Tm
("Timeline," March 3, 2002, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dawn, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 3,2002, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(April 5,2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 155.96936 Tm
(59)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 152.12935 Tm
("Timeline," March 14, 2002, citing CNN, March 14, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Los Angeles Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 15, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 118.42844 Tm
(60)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 114.58844 Tm
(WPBF Channel 25, August 5, 2002, Cox News, August 2, 2002, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Palm Beach Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(October 17, 2002, cited in "Timeline," July 14, 1999. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 80.88753 Tm
(61)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 77.04753 Tm
(Palm Beach Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 20, 2003 \(see also )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(South Florida Sun-Sentinel, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 20, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2003\), quoted in Timeline," June 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 43.34662 Tm
(62)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 39.50661 Tm
(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 15, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 15, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
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(September 16, 2001, cited in "Timeline," September 15-17, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 785.80569 Tm
(63)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 781.9657 Tm
(Gannett News Service and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pensacola News Journal, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(both September 17, 2001, cited in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
("Timeline," September 15-17, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 748.26479 Tm
(64)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 744.42479 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 16, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 97. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 728.72388 Tm
(65)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 724.88388 Tm
(Danid Hopsicker, "Did Terrorists Train at US. Military Schools?" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Online Journal )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(October 30, 2002, quoted in Ahmed, 98-99. \(Hopsicker who has produced t\
elevision )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(business shows, including "Inside Wall Street," is also the author of )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Barry and the Boys )Tj
T*
(CIA, the Mob, and'America's Secret History )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
([Madcow Press, 2001 ].\) )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 655.09863 Tm
(66)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 651.25864 Tm
(Hopsicker, "Did Terrorists?" quoted in Ahmed, 98, 99. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 635.55772 Tm
(67)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 631.71773 Tm
(Steve Fainaru and James V. Grimaldi, "FBI Knew Terrorists Were Using Fli\
ght )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Schools," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 23, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 99. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 597.97466 Tm
(68)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 594.13466 Tm
(Hopsicker, "Did Terrorists?", quoted in Ahmed, 99. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 578.43375 Tm
(69)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 574.59373 Tm
(Hopsicker, "What Are They Hiding Down in Venice, Florida?" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Online Journal, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(November 7, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 100. An interesting footnote to this \
story is )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(provided by the fact that Arne Kruithof and Rudi Dekkers, each of whom o\
wned one of )Tj
T*
(these flight schools, each narrowly escaped dying in a small plane crash\
. On Kruithof's )Tj
T*
(crash, which occurred on July 26, 2002, see Hopsicker, "Magic Dutch Boy \
Escapes Fiery )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Crash," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Mad Cow Morning News, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(July 4, 2002 \(www.madcowprod.com/index27.html\); )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(on Dekkers' crash, which occurred on January 24, 2003, see Hopsicker, "D\
ekkers' )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Helicopter Crashed on Way to Showdown over Huffman Aviation," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Mad Cow Morning )Tj
T*
(News, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 28, 2003 \(www.madcowprod.com/index43.html\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 414.76634 Tm
(70)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 410.92635 Tm
("Timeline," November 1999, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Sunday Mercury, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 21, 2001, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 29, 2001, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 24, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 377.18327 Tm
(71)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 373.34328 Tm
(James Risen, "Informant for F.B.I. Had Contacts with Two 9/11 Hijackers,\
" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(July 25, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 339.6002 Tm
(72)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 335.76019 Tm
("Timeline," September 21 or 22, 2001, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Los Angeles Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(both )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(November 24, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 302.05928 Tm
(73)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 298.21928 Tm
(Boston Globe, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 27, 2001, cited in "Timeline," October 24, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 282.51837 Tm
(74)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 278.67838 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 19, and the BBC, June 21, 2002, cited in "Timeline," )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(August 2002 \(B\). Bamford, as we saw earlier, wrote )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Body of Secrets: Anatomy of the )Tj
T*
(Ultra-Secret National Security Agency )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(2001; New York Anchor Books, 2002\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 226.89314 Tm
(75)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 223.05315 Tm
(Michael Ruppert, "A Timeline Surrounding September 11th," From the Wilde\
rness )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Publications \(www.n-omthewilderness.com\), item 96, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(July 3, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 171.31007 Tm
(76)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 167.47006 Tm
(Seymour Hersh, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New Yorker, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 30, 2002, quoted in "Timeline," September )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(30, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 133.76915 Tm
(77)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 129.92915 Tm
(Larry Margasak, "Feds Reject Moussaoui Witness," Associated Press, July \
14, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 114.22824 Tm
(78)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 110.38824 Tm
(Thompson, "Timeline," October 17,2002, citing )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 18,2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 94.68733 Tm
(79)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 90.84732 Tm
("Timeline," December 4, 2002, quoting )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Star Tribune, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 22, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 75.14641 Tm
(80)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 71.30641 Tm
("Timeline," December 4, 2002, quoting )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 30, 2002. )Tj
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(PART THREE)Tj
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(CONCLUSION)Tj
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(Chapter NINE)Tj
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(IS COMPLICITY BY US OFFICIALS THE BEST EXPLANATION FOR )Tj
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(9/11?)Tj
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(Those who are )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(critics)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( of the official account of 9/11 believe that that account is, as the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(English title of Meyssan's first book says, "a big lie." At least most o\
f these critics are )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(also )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(revisionists )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(about 9/11, who believe, in Ahmed's words, that "the best explanation of\
)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
([the facts on record] is one that points directly to US state responsibi\
lity for the events of )Tj
T*
(11th September 2001.")Tj
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(1 The most important question before the American people at )Tj
-9.213 -1.33333 Td
(this moment is whether we find the overall argument for this revisionist\
conclusion )Tj
T*
(convincing enough, or at least disturbing enough, to undertake a thoroug\
h investigation )Tj
T*
(of the various considerations used to support it. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(Who Benefits?)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(At the center of these considerations is the fact that huge benefits fro\
m the attacks of 9/11 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(were reaped by the institutions that are suspected, by critics of the of\
ficial account, of )Tj
T*
(complicity in those attacks. Ahmed introduces the discussion of this iss\
ue by quoting a )Tj
T*
(statement from investigative journalist Patrick Martin: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46666 Td
(In examining any crime, a central question must be "who benefits? The )Tj
T*
(principal beneficiaries of the destruction of the World Trade Center are\
in )Tj
T*
(the United States: the Bush administration, the Pentagon, the CIA and FB\
I, )Tj
T*
(the weapons industry, the oil industry. It is reasonable to ask whether \
those )Tj
T*
(who have profited to such an extent from this tragedy contributed to )Tj
T*
(bringing it about.)Tj
ET
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(To flesh out one of these examples: CIA Director George Tenet wanted aut\
horization and )Tj
T*
(funding for a plan to expand covert operations around the world. Called \
"Worldwide )Tj
T*
(Attack Matrix," Tenets plan, Bob Woodward has reported, "described cover\
t operations )Tj
T*
(in 80 countries that were either underway or that he was now recommendin\
g." At a )Tj
T*
(meeting at Camp David four days after 9/11, Tenet received authorization\
.)Tj
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(afterwards, points out Meyssan, "the agency's funding was increased by 4\
2 percent to )Tj
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(successfully carry out the 'Worldwide Attack Matrix.'")Tj
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(4 )Tj
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(With regard to the Pentagon and the weapons industry: The president, hav\
ing asserted )Tj
T*
(that US military capacity would be increased sufficiently to win this ne\
w war "whatever )Tj
T*
(it costs," was able to push through the biggest increase for military sp\
ending since the )Tj
T*
(end of the Cold War. Without 9/11, such an increase would have been high\
ly unlikely. )Tj
T*
(As Phyllis Bennis points out: "The $48 billion addition to the Pentagon \
budget requested )Tj
T*
(by the Bush administration in January 2002 by itself was more money than\
any other )Tj
T*
(country spent on its military.")Tj
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(5 In a calmer atmosphere, in other words, Congress might )Tj
-11.936 -1.33333 Td
(have decided that we were already spending more than enough. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(The attacks of 9/11 allowed, in particular, greatly increased funding fo\
r the Space Force, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(championed by Donald Rumsfeld, General Eberhart, and General Myers. For \
these men, )Tj
T*
(new support for the "missile defense system" may have been the most impo\
rtant benefit )Tj
T*
(to come out of 9/11. Whereas in July of 2001, a Gallup Poll showed that \
only 53 percent )Tj
T*
(of the population supported this system, a poll released on October 21 s\
howed that )Tj
T*
(support had jumped to 70 percent.)Tj
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(With regard to benefits to the Bush administration as such, Ahmed remind\
s us that prior )Tj
T*
(to 9/11 it was widely perceived to be in a crisis. Many Americans believ\
ed Bush to have )Tj
T*
(gained the presidency fraudulently; there was a growing economic crisis,\
both domestic )Tj
T*
(and globally; "the Bush administration was becoming increasingly isolate\
d due to its )Tj
T*
(foreign policies...and was consequently failing to push through resoluti\
ons via the United )Tj
T*
(Nations Security Council and other international bodies"; there were mas\
sive "anti-)Tj
T*
(globalization" demonstrations; "Bush approval ratings\227both personal a\
nd political-were )Tj
T*
(plummeting," so it was probably going to be "extremely difficult for the\
Bush )Tj
T*
(administration to maintain its already uncomfortably slim majority in th\
e House for the )Tj
T*
(midterm elections in 2002; and "the strategic and military planning outl\
ined in )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Brzezinski's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
([The Great Chessboard] )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(would have been impossible to implement at this )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(time. However, "handed the public mood of shock and revulsion over the s\
hocking )Tj
T*
(tragedy of 11th September, the Bush administration was able to exploit t\
hese sentiments )Tj
T*
(to advance long-standing global economic and strategic aims" and "to ave\
rt the crisis of )Tj
T*
(legitimacy it had previously faced.")Tj
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(8 )Tj
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(With regard to implementing its strategic and military plans, the Bush a\
dministration and )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(its advisors seemed well prepared to use this attack by )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(non-state terrorists )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(as a basis for )Tj
T*
(going to war against )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(states )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(on its attack list. In his address to the nation on the evening of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(9/11, President Bush said: "We will make no distinction between the terr\
orists who )Tj
T*
(committed these acts and those who harbor them." Then, as mentioned in t\
he )Tj
T*
(Introduction, as soon as the presidents address was completed, Henry Kis\
singer had an )Tj
T*
(opinion piece ready to publish on the Internet. )Tj
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(In that piece, he in effect supported Bush's "no distinction" point, say\
ing: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(The government should be charged with a systematic response that, one )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(hopes, will end the way that the attack on Pearl Harbor ended\227 with t\
he )Tj
T*
(destruction of the system that is responsible for it. That system is a n\
etwork )Tj
T*
(of terrorist organizations sheltered in capitals of certain countries...\
. [A]ny )Tj
T*
(government that shelters groups capable of this kind of attack, whether \
or )Tj
T*
(not they can be shown to have been involved in this attack, must pay an \
)Tj
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(exorbitant price.)Tj
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(A week later, Richard Perle made the same point in an editorial entitled\
"State Sponsors )Tj
T*
(of Terrorism Should Be Wiped Out Too," in which he said: )Tj
T*
(Those countries that harbour terrorists\227that provide the means with w\
hich they would )Tj
T*
(destroy innocent civilians\227must themselves be destroyed. The war agai\
nst terrorism is )Tj
T*
(about the war against those regimes.)Tj
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(It does appear that the administration and its advisors were ready to hi\
t the ground )Tj
T*
(running with this message. )Tj
T*
(And it worked. After the president announced his intention to "rally the\
world" in support )Tj
T*
(of America's worldwide war on terrorism, says Phyllis Bennis: )Tj
T*
(The worlds leaders and the worlds governments did not object. To the con\
trary. Before )Tj
T*
(September 11, outrage had been rising among French intellectuals over wh\
ether the US )Tj
T*
(hyperpower was behaving like a sovereign of an empire. Before September \
11, Russia )Tj
T*
(was audibly objecting to US threats to abandon the ABM treaty. Before Se\
ptember 11, )Tj
T*
(Europeans and others had begun cautious efforts to punish Washington's l\
ack of )Tj
T*
(accountability to the international community.... But by 10 AM on that S\
eptember )Tj
T*
(Tuesday, all those already hesitant moves came to an abrupt stop. Instea\
d, governments )Tj
T*
(cheered and much of the world stood by as the US asserted the rights of \
empire.x11)Tj
T*
(With regard to the planned operation in Afghanistan in particular Meyssa\
n observes: )Tj
T*
("The attacks of September 11 allowed what was nothing more than a classi\
c colonial )Tj
T*
(expedition to be disguised as a legitimate operation.")Tj
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(The fact that this )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(tragedy )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(for the country provided a tremendous )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(opportunity )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(for the )Tj
T*
(administration was widely understood. For example, John Pilger, after sa\
ying that "[t]he )Tj
T*
(attacks of 11 September 2001 provided the 'new Pearl Harbor,'" added tha\
t these attacks )Tj
T*
(have been "described 'the opportunity of ages.'")Tj
ET
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(13 They were described in those terms )Tj
-19.033 -1.33333 Td
(by the Bush administration itself. At the meeting of the National Securi\
ty Council on the )Tj
T*
(night of 9/11, President Bush reportedly said that the attacks provided \
"a great )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(opportunity.")Tj
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(14 A month later, Donald Rumsfeld told the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(that 9/11 )Tj
-5.325 -1.33333 Td
(created "the kind of opportunities that World War II offered, to refashi\
on the world.")Tj
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(15 )Tj
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(Condoleezza Rice told senior members of the National Security Council to\
"think about )Tj
T*
('how do you capitalize on these opportunities.'")Tj
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(16 This point was even put in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The )Tj
-18.905 -1.33614 Td
(National Security Strategy of the United States of America, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(issued by the Bush )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(administration in September of 2002. "The events of September 11, 2001,"\
it candidly )Tj
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(declared, "opened vast, new opportunities.")Tj
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(17 )Tj
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("Time and again," observers Pilger, "11 September is described as an 'op\
portunity.'" The )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(opportunity provided by the attacks has been commented upon by many othe\
rs. A story )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(US News and World Report )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(said: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Then came 9/11. Worldwide revulsion and the shared sense of threat )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(handed Washington a once-in-a-generation chance to shake up internationa\
l )Tj
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(politics. Ten days after the attacks, State Department experts catalogue\
d for )Tj
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([Colin] Powell a dozen "silver linings.")Tj
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(Walden Bello, one of the major third-world critics of the US-led global \
economy, )Tj
T*
(likewise said: )Tj
T*
(The Al Qaeda New York mission was the best possible gift to the US and t\
he global )Tj
T*
(establishment.... As for the crisis of political governance in the US, S\
eptember 11 has )Tj
T*
(turned George W. Bush from a minority president whose party lost control\
of the Senate )Tj
T*
(into arguably the most powerful US president in recent times )Tj
ET
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(A statement by Karen Talbot, Director of the International Center for Pe\
ace and Justice, )Tj
T*
(suggests that she had read Brzezinski s book: )Tj
T*
([T]he September 11th terrorist attacks have provided a qualitatively new\
opportunity for )Tj
T*
(the US, acting particularly on behalf of giant oil companies, to permane\
ntly entrench its )Tj
T*
(military in the former Soviet Republics of Central Asia, and the Transca\
ucusus where )Tj
T*
(there are vast oil reserves\227the second largest in the world. The way \
is now open to jump )Tj
T*
(start projects for oil and gas pipelines through Afghanistan and Pakista\
n.... The big )Tj
T*
(payoff for the US is the golden opportunity to establish a permanent mil\
itary presence in )Tj
T*
(oil-rich Central Asia.)Tj
ET
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(The well-known political commentator William Pfaff wrote: )Tj
T*
(It seems to many Americans and others that the United States is already \
potentially head )Tj
T*
(of a modern version of universal empire...The fundamental issue of the n\
ext two to three )Tj
T*
(decades will inevitably be how the United States employs the amazing pow\
er it now )Tj
T*
(exercises. Before September 11, the country...lacked the political will \
to impose itself. )Tj
T*
(September 11 supplied that will.)Tj
ET
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-12.972 -1.33333 Td
(Ahmed quotes a statement by social philosopher John McMurtry that sums u\
p the )Tj
T*
(argument: )Tj
T*
([T]he forensic principle of "who most benefits from the crime?" clearly \
points in the )Tj
T*
(direction of the Bush administration. One would be naive to think the Bu\
sh Jr. faction )Tj
T*
(and its oil, military-industrial and Wall Street backers...do not benefi\
t astronomically )Tj
T*
(from this mass-kill explosion. If there was a wish-list, it is all grant\
ed by this numbing )Tj
T*
(turn of events. Americans are diverted from a free-falling economy to at\
tack another )Tj
T*
(foreign Satan, while the Bush regimes popularity climbs. The military, t\
he CIA, and )Tj
T*
(every satellite armed security apparatus have more money and power than \
ever, and )Tj
T*
(become as dominant as they can over civilians in "the whole new era" alr\
eady being )Tj
T*
(declared by the White House.)Tj
ET
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(Accordingly, given the principle that in general when crimes are committ\
ed, those who )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(most benefit from them are to be considered the prime suspects, there is\
a )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(prima facie )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(case for assuming that the Bush administration was involved in this part\
icular crime. Or, )Tj
T*
(to repeat Patrick Martins careful phrasing: "It is reasonable to ask whe\
ther those who )Tj
T*
(have profited to such an extent from this tragedy contributed to bringin\
g it about." )Tj
T*
(Having argued, along with others, that the principle "who most benefits?\
" should lead us )Tj
T*
(to suspect complicity by the Bush administration, Ahmed then summarizes \
his evidence )Tj
T*
(for this suspicion. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(The Evidence for Official Complicity: A Summary)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(Anmed's summary of his evidence,)Tj
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(23 supplemented with points contributed by )Tj
-14.039 -1.33333 Td
(Chossudovsky, Thompson, Meyssan, and other researchers, contains the fol\
lowing )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(elements: )Tj
3 -2.46667 Td
(1. Evidence that the wars in Afghanistan and Iraq were already planned f\
or )Tj
T*
(geopolitical reasons, so that 9/11 provided not the reason for the wars \
but merely )Tj
T*
(the pretext. )Tj
T*
(2. Evidence that men with connections to al-Qaeda were allowed into the \
United )Tj
T*
(States in spite of regulations that should have kept them out )Tj
T*
(3. Evidence that men with connections to al-Qaeda were allowed to train \
in US )Tj
T*
(flight schools. )Tj
T*
(4. Evidence that the attacks of 9/11 could not have succeeded without an\
order )Tj
T*
(from the highest level of government to suspend normal operating procedu\
res for )Tj
T*
(responding to hijackings. )Tj
T*
(5. Evidence that US political and military leaders made misleading and e\
ven false )Tj
T*
(statements about their response to the hijackings. )Tj
T*
(6. Evidence in particular that the presently accepted official account, \
according to )Tj
T*
(which jet fighter planes were scrambled but arrived too late, was invent\
ed some )Tj
T*
(days after 9/11. )Tj
T*
(7. Evidence that the collapse of the WTC buddings was brought about by )Tj
T*
(explosives, so that participation by the US government in the prevention\
of an )Tj
T*
(adequate examination of the debris, especially the steel, constitutes ev\
idence of )Tj
T*
(its participation in a cover-up. )Tj
T*
(8. Evidence that someone in authority sought to ensure that there would \
be deaths )Tj
T*
(in the attacks on the second WTC tower and the Pentagon by not having th\
ese )Tj
T*
(buildings evacuated. )Tj
T*
(9. Evidence that what hit the Pentagon was not a Boeing 757 but a much s\
maller )Tj
T*
(aircraft, such as a guided missile. )Tj
T*
(10. Evidence that Flight 93 was shot down after authorities learned that\
the )Tj
T*
(passengers were gaining control of it. )Tj
T*
(11. Evidence that Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld revealed advance knowled\
ge of )Tj
T*
(two of the attacks. )Tj
ET
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(12. Evidence that President Bush on 9/11 feigned ignorance of the occurr\
ence and )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(seriousness of the attacks. )Tj
T*
(13. Evidence that President Bush and his Secret Service knew on 9/11 tha\
t he )Tj
T*
(would not be a target of attacks. )Tj
T*
(14. Evidence that the FBI had specific knowledge of the time and targets\
of the )Tj
T*
(attacks at least a month in advance. )Tj
T*
(15. Evidence that the CIA and other intelligence agencies would have had\
very )Tj
T*
(specific advance knowledge of the attacks by means of the put options pu\
rchased )Tj
T*
(shortly before 9/11. )Tj
T*
(16. Evidence that the Bush administration lied about not having had spec\
ific )Tj
T*
(warnings about the attacks. )Tj
T*
(17. Evidence that the FBI and other federal agencies prevented investiga\
tions )Tj
T*
(prior to 9/11 that might have uncovered the plot. )Tj
T*
(18. Evidence that US officials sought to conceal evidence of involvement\
by )Tj
T*
(Pakistan's ISI in the planning of 9/11. )Tj
T*
(19. Evidence that US officials sought to conceal the presence of the ISI\
chief in )Tj
T*
(Washington during the week of 9/11. )Tj
T*
(20. Evidence that the FBI and other federal agencies blocked investigati\
ons after )Tj
T*
(the attacks that might have revealed the true Perpetrators. )Tj
T*
(21. Evidence that the United States did not really seek to kill or captu\
re Osama )Tj
T*
(bin Laden either before or after the attacks. )Tj
T*
(22. Evidence that figures central to the Bush administration had desired\
a "new )Tj
T*
(Pearl Harbor" because of various benefits it would bring. )Tj
T*
(23. Evidence of motive provided by the predictable benefits that this ev\
ent, called )Tj
T*
(by Bush himself "the Pearl Harbor of the 21st century," did bestow on th\
e Bush )Tj
T*
(administration. )Tj
T*
(24. Evidence against the alternative explanation\227the incompetence the\
ory\227)Tj
T*
(provided by the fact that those who were allegedly guilty of incompetenc\
e were )Tj
T*
(not fired but, in some cases, promoted.)Tj
-3 -1.2 Td
(In summarizing his argument for complicity \(which contains many but not\
of all of these )Tj
T*
(24 points\), Ahmed adds that he does not pretend to have presented a con\
clusive case. )Tj
T*
(Rather, he considers his conclusions to be "merely the best available in\
ferences from the )Tj
T*
(available facts that have been so far unearthed.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(24 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-19.12399 -2.60333 Td
(Possible Problems for a Complicity Theory)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(Ahmed is right to put it that way, because there well may be other facts\
that would cast )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the facts discussed by the revisionists in a different light. Also, some\
of the items they )Tj
T*
(have presented as "facts" may not be such; only further investigations c\
an decide. )Tj
T*
(Moreover, the judgment that a case for some thesis is "conclusive" is al\
ways in part a )Tj
T*
(subjective judgment, depending upon the biases of those making the judgm\
ent. The )Tj
T*
(question, accordingly, is not whether the case for official complicity\227\
the best case that )Tj
T*
(can be constructed from the writings of Ahmed, Chossudovsky, Meyssan, Th\
ompson, )Tj
ET
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(and other researchers\227is conclusive. The question is whether it is li\
kely to be widely )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(perceived )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(as conclusive. And for this to be so, critics of this revisionist theory\
could well )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(claim, these revisionists must do more than show that the official accou\
nt is implausible. )Tj
T*
(They must also present an alternative account of what happened that inco\
rporates all the )Tj
T*
(relevant facts now available in a plausible way. Furthermore, these coun\
ter-critics could )Tj
T*
(continue, insofar as an alternative account is already contained, at lea\
st implicitly, in the )Tj
T*
(writings of the revisionists, it could be subjected to a great number of\
rhetorical )Tj
T*
(questions, to which easy answers do not appear to be at hand. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(One such question, for example, might be: If officials in the Bush admin\
istration wanted )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(a new Pearl Harbor, why would they choose the set of events that occurre\
d on 9/11, )Tj
T*
(which required a massive conspiracy, involving at least members of the W\
hite House, the )Tj
T*
(Justice Department, the FBI, the CIA, and the Pentagon? \("Choosing" her\
e need not )Tj
T*
(imply participation in planning the attacks; it can simply mean "choosin\
g to allow."\) )Tj
T*
(Given standard procedures for dealing with hijacked planes, furthermore,\
allowing such )Tj
T*
(planes to strike the WTC and the Pentagon required such obvious violatio\
ns of standard )Tj
T*
(procedures that the conspirators could hardly have expected not to be fo\
und out. They )Tj
T*
(could, to be sure, have assumed that the shock of the attacks and the ou\
tburst of uncritical )Tj
T*
(patriotism to follow would allow them to get away with the scheme for a \
while. But how )Tj
T*
(could they have believed that the absurdities in their story would not e\
ventually lead to )Tj
T*
(their exposure? So why would they have concocted such a complex scheme, \
requiring )Tj
T*
(such absurdities, when virtually the same effects could have been achiev\
ed with a much )Tj
T*
(simpler hoax, such as an attack by chemical or biological weapons, which\
could have )Tj
T*
(been carried out by a very small number of perpetrators? After all, the \
new Pearl Harbor )Tj
T*
(did not need to mimic the original one to the extent of being an attack \
by airplanes. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Furthermore, even supposing that there was some rational reason for the \
administration )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(to choose the kind of attacks that occurred on 9/11, why would they have\
risked exposure )Tj
T*
(of the fact that the attack on the WTC was an inside job by having the b\
uildings )Tj
T*
(collapsed by explosives? Was ensuring the occurrence of several thousand\
deaths worth )Tj
T*
(this additional risk of exposure? And why, in any case, would they have \
demolished )Tj
T*
(WTC-7, thereby undermining the claim that the Twin Towers collapsed beca\
use of the )Tj
T*
(impact of the airliners combined with the heat from the jet-fuel-fed fir\
es? )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Also, assuming for the sake of argument the revisionists' conspiracy the\
ory, there are )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(many features of the alleged conspirators' resulting behaviour that sugg\
ests incompetence )Tj
T*
(beyond belief. For example, given the fact that if no planes were scramb\
led until after the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon had been hit, this would obviously have required an order to ca\
ncel standard )Tj
T*
(procedured, why would the conspirators first tell this story? And then w\
hen they realized )Tj
T*
(that that story would likely inplicate them, why would they concoct a se\
cond version )Tj
T*
(almost equally absurd\227with planes ordered from distant air bases and \
with travel times )Tj
T*
(implying that they were flying only a few hundred miles per hour? Given \
the massive )Tj
T*
(planning that must have gone into the whole operation, why was there not\
a carefully )Tj
ET
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(formulated, plausible cover story that would be told by everyone from th\
e outset? )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Moreover, critics can ask, why would the conspirators then raise additio\
nal doubts with )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(needless lies and foolish statements? Why, for example, would they sugge\
st that it )Tj
T*
(required a presidential order merely to have hijacked planes intercepted\
, when any cub )Tj
T*
(reporter could find out otherwise? Why would they claim that they had re\
ceived no )Tj
T*
(advance warnings of the attacks, when the falsity of this claim would su\
rely be )Tj
T*
(discovered? Why would they have President Bush appear to be ignorant of \
the fact that )Tj
T*
(the country was \(apparently\) under attack, when it is well known that \
he would be )Tj
T*
(informed of such events immediately? Why would the president then, after\
officially )Tj
T*
(knowing that a modern-day Pearl Harbor was unfolding, continue to do "th\
e reading )Tj
T*
(thing"? And why would the president remain in his publicly known locatio\
n, thereby )Tj
T*
(appearing to demonstrate that he and his staff knew that no suicide miss\
ions were coming )Tj
T*
(their way? Would not the conspirators have orchestrated a scene that mad\
e the Secret )Tj
T*
(Service appear genuinely concerned and the president genuinely president\
ial? )Tj
T*
(Furthermore, if Cheney, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, and Libby had been planning\
this )Tj
T*
(incident when their Project for the New American Century produced its 20\
00 document, )Tj
T*
(why would they have allowed what could be read as a call for a "new Pear\
l Harbor" to be )Tj
T*
(included in this public document, which anyone could read? And why would\
Rumsfeld )Tj
T*
(\(assuming the truth of Representative Cox's report\) predict the occurr\
ence of more )Tj
T*
(terrorist attacks on America just before the first attack on the WTC and\
again just before )Tj
T*
(the attack on the Pentagon, thereby giving a basis for suspicion that he\
had )Tj
T*
(foreknowledge of the fact and even the timing of the attacks? )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Another set of rhetorical questions could be raised by the revisionist a\
ccount of the attack )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(on the Pentagon. One such question might be: Given the well-known fact t\
hat the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon is defended by missiles, along with the more general assumption\
that it must be )Tj
T*
(the most well-protected place on earth, why would the conspirators have \
it included )Tj
T*
(among the targets? Or, if they did not choose the targets but merely all\
owed them to be )Tj
T*
(hit, why\227assuming that the original plan was for a hijacked airliner \
to strike the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon\227would the conspirators have planned to allow the Pentagon ac\
tually to be hit, )Tj
T*
(especially since shooting down an attacking airplane would have provided\
evidence of )Tj
T*
(their intent to defend? Or, if the theory is that the plan all along was\
to have the Pentagon )Tj
T*
(struck by a military aircraft and then claim that it was a hijacked 757,\
why would they )Tj
T*
(use a much smaller aircraft, perhaps a winged missile, which many people\
would see and )Tj
T*
(which would neither create a big enough hole in the Pentagon nor leave e\
nough big )Tj
T*
(pieces of metal to be seen? \(Nowadays airplanes, not just guided missil\
es, can fly without )Tj
T*
(pilots.\) Or, if the alternative theory is that the use of this much sma\
ller aircraft was an )Tj
T*
(improvisation, necessitated by the fact that Flight 77 crashed unexpecte\
dly \(perhaps )Tj
T*
(because the passengers resisted the hijackers\), why was there not a bet\
ter back-up plan? )Tj
T*
(Or better yet, why did the conspirators not simply let this part of the \
plan go rather than )Tj
T*
(improvise a scenario the absurdity of which would be visible to someone \
from as far )Tj
T*
(away as France? Why in any case did they make the totally ridiculous cla\
im that the )Tj
ET
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(bodies of the victims were still identifiable, after they had claimed th\
at the fire was so hot )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(that it vaporized the plane's steel and aluminum? Furthermore, what plau\
sible account )Tj
T*
(can be given of the role of Ted Olson? Are we to believe that upon learn\
ing that his wife )Tj
T*
(had just been killed in an operation overseen by his superiors, he willi\
ngly told a lie to )Tj
T*
(help them out? Or that the whole story was a hoax\227that Barbara Olson \
was not really )Tj
T*
(killed, which would mean that she would have to spend the rest of her li\
fe incognito? )Tj
T*
(And, in any case, why manufacture this implausible story\227in which all\
the passengers )Tj
T*
(are encouraged to call home but she is the only one to do so? There sure\
ly could have )Tj
T*
(been some better way to convey the impression that Flight 77 had not cra\
shed and might )Tj
T*
(be headed back to Washington. Finally, if the Boeing 757 that was Flight\
77 crashed )Tj
T*
(somewhere, perhaps in Ohio or Kentucky, why have there been no reports o\
f its )Tj
T*
(discovery? )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Still more rhetorical questions would doubtless be evoked by the account\
of Flight 93 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(implicit in the revisionist hypothesis, according to which government of\
ficials, after )Tj
T*
(realizing that the passengers were gaining control of the plane, had it \
shot down. For )Tj
T*
(example, why would not the conspirators, who could draw upon the best mi\
litary and )Tj
T*
(CIA minds with experience in covert operations, have not come up with a \
better back-up )Tj
T*
(plan, such as installing a bomb that could be electronically detonated? \
Why risk a )Tj
T*
(method of disposal that would likely provide so many tell-tale signs, es\
pecially the )Tj
T*
(sightings of the jet fighter? )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Finally, critics of the complicity theory might believe that the most da\
maging rhetorical )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(question arises precisely from the fact, emphasized by critics of the in\
competence theory, )Tj
T*
(that there have been no known punishments. If 9/11 resulted from a consp\
iracy, critics of )Tj
T*
(this view could ask, why were there no scapegoats? The official account \
involves, even if )Tj
T*
(only implicidy, perhaps the most extensive incompetence theory in histor\
y, because this )Tj
T*
(story implies that incredible incompetence was manifested by FBI agents,\
FAA flight )Tj
T*
(controllers, NMCC officials, NORAD officials, and jet fighter pilots, am\
ong others. )Tj
T*
(There were potential scapegoats galore, a few of whom could have been sa\
crificed to )Tj
T*
(protect the actual conspirators from suspicion. Contrary to virtually al\
l past experience, )Tj
T*
(however, this was not done. Indeed, of all the people who must have mani\
fested gross )Tj
T*
(incompetence if the official account be true, evidendy not one was fired\
or even publicly )Tj
T*
(reprimanded, and some of them were even promoted\227thereby increasing t\
he suspicion )Tj
T*
(that they had acted as their superiors wished. But would such behavior n\
ot be too )Tj
T*
(arrogant, attributing too much stupidity or willing blindness to the pre\
ss, to be )Tj
T*
(believable? Must we not assume that if leading figures in the Bush admin\
istration were )Tj
T*
(complicit in 9/11, they would have made a big show of punishing at least\
a few people )Tj
T*
(for gross incompetence? )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(These are, at least, the rhetorical questions that have occurred to me a\
s I have tried )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(imaginatively to flesh out the complicity theory that seems to be implic\
it in the critiques )Tj
T*
(of the official account. When all these rhetorical questions are taken t\
ogether, it seems )Tj
ET
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(that we are faced not simply with a choice between an incompetence theor\
y and a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(complicity theory. Rather, the choice seems to be between a theory invol\
ving )Tj
T*
(subordinates who momentarily became incredibly incompetent, on the one h\
and, and a )Tj
T*
(theory involving high-level officials who manifested incredible incompet\
ence in creating )Tj
T*
(a conspiracy, on the other. And to call this incompetence "incredible" i\
s to suggest that it )Tj
T*
(is difficult to believe. Critics of the complicity theory, therefore, ca\
n say that acceptance )Tj
T*
(of this theory would require excessive credulity. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Those who accept the theory of high-level conspirators could, to be sure\
, explain the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(apparent incompetence of the plan by the theory of the "big lie," accord\
ing to which the )Tj
T*
(masses are more likely to believe a big lie than a little one, precisely\
because they cannot )Tj
T*
(imagine that someone would try to get a way with such an audacious story\
. Gore Vidal, )Tj
T*
(for example, says: "It would seem that the Hitler team got it about righ\
t when it comes to )Tj
T*
(human credulity: the greater the lie, the more apt it is to be believed.\
")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(25 It is unlikely, )Tj
-27.765 -1.33333 Td
(however, that this explanation will serve to overcome many peoples doubt\
that officials )Tj
T*
(who had risen to the top in political, intelligence, and military circle\
s would have devised )Tj
T*
(a plan involving such an obviously implausible cover story. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In suggesting that it would be difficult to construct an account of offi\
cial complicity that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(could be found widely plausible, at least on the basis of presently know\
n facts, I am )Tj
T*
(simply enlarging on Ahmed's admission that he does not claim to have pre\
sented a )Tj
T*
(conclusive case. At this point, however, Ahmed, Chossudovsky, Meyssan, T\
hompson, )Tj
T*
(and other critics of the official account might wish to interject a word\
of caution. The fact )Tj
T*
(that there are questions that they cannot answer, they might add, should\
not be taken to )Tj
T*
(mean that we are simply left with a toss-up between two hypotheses, each\
of which is )Tj
T*
(subject to equally serious questions. Instead, the questions they have r\
aised about the )Tj
T*
(official account are based on conflicts between this account and known f\
acts, whereas the )Tj
T*
(questions just now raised about the complicity theory are rhetorical que\
stions, implying )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(that no answers could be given to any of them. But perhaps answers )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(can )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(be given to at )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(least some of them. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(For example, as to why the attacks involved attacks by airplanes, rather\
than some other )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(form of terrorist attack that could have been more easily arranged, an a\
nswer has already )Tj
T*
(been implied. If one of the motives for the attack was to garner support\
for spending tens )Tj
T*
(of billions of dollars on the Missile Defense Shield, the attacks had to\
come from the air, )Tj
T*
(being perceivable as a "Space Pearl Harbor." Although chemical and biolo\
gical attacks )Tj
T*
(would have been much simpler, requiring far fewer people to be in on the\
conspiracy, )Tj
T*
(they would not have produced the desired effect. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(With regard to the question of whether it is plausible that so many cons\
pirators would )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(have kept silent, the revisionists could reply, people raising this ques\
tion have probably )Tj
T*
(never experienced the kind of intimidation that can be brought to bear o\
n individuals by )Tj
T*
(threats of prosecution and worse. )Tj
ET
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(Furthermore, the revisionists could add, some of the rhetorical question\
s depend on the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(fact that there are many things about 9/11 that we do not presently know\
. These questions )Tj
T*
(might be answered through a full investigation. One cannot expect that t\
he revisionists, )Tj
T*
(being independent researchers with limited budgets and no power to subpo\
ena testimony, )Tj
T*
(could answer all the questions raised by their alternative scenario. Mey\
ssan, for example, )Tj
T*
(says that although in some instances the facts he has uncovered allow us\
to see the truth )Tj
T*
(of what happened, in other cases "our questions remain for the moment un\
answered." )Tj
T*
(Pointing to one set of such questions to which he himself would most lik\
e answers, he )Tj
T*
(asks: "What became of American Airlines flight 77? Are the passenger dea\
d? If so, who )Tj
T*
(killed them and why? If not, where are they?" While fully admitting he d\
oes not yet have )Tj
T*
(all the answers, he adds that "this is no reason to go on believing the \
lies put forward by )Tj
T*
(officials.")Tj
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(26 We will not get an account of what really happened on 9/11, in other \
)Tj
-3.935 -1.33614 Td
(words, until our awareness that they )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(are )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(lies leads us to demand full-scale investigations. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(The remainder of the rhetorical questions simply suggest that to accept \
the complicity )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(theory would be to attribute a degree of incompetence to the conspirator\
s that is beyond )Tj
T*
(belief. But the truth may be that they really were terribly incompetent.\
With regard to the )Tj
T*
(occupation of Iraq, the incompetence of the Bush administration's plans\227\
for everything )Tj
T*
(except winning the initial military victory and securing the oil fields \
and ministries\227has )Tj
T*
(been becoming increasingly obvious. Perhaps their formulation of the pla\
n for 9/11, with )Tj
T*
(its cover story, involved comparable incompetence. Perhaps this fact is \
not yet widely )Tj
T*
(recognized only because the news media have failed to inform the America\
n public about )Tj
T*
(the many tensions between the official account and the relevant facts. F\
or example, the )Tj
T*
(mass media have not educated the public about standard operating procedu\
res for )Tj
T*
(intercepting hijacked airliners. They have not emphasized the fact that \
what now passes )Tj
T*
(for the official account of the governments response to the hijackings i\
s very different )Tj
T*
(from what was said the first few days after 9/11. They have not emphasiz\
ed the fact that )Tj
T*
(the explanations for why the fighter jets arrived too late to prevent th\
e attacks do not )Tj
T*
(make sense. Nor have they informed the public about the many physical fa\
cts that )Tj
T*
(contradict the official account of the strike on the Pentagon. Once thes\
e and other )Tj
T*
(relevant facts are well known, critics of the official theory can argue,\
it will become )Tj
T*
(widely evident that, as the name of Jared Israels website suggests, the \
emperor has no )Tj
T*
(clothes.)Tj
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(>)Tj
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(27 )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
-3.08299 -2.60333 Td
(Problems for a Coincidence Theory)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.19667 TD
(Even more important, critics ot the official account could point out, re\
jection of the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(conspiracy theory exacts a high price. A conspiracy theory usually depen\
ds upon the )Tj
T*
(perception of a pattern, plus a claim that the existence of this pattern\
is best explained by )Tj
T*
(supposing that it was brought about through the combined efforts of two \
or more people. )Tj
T*
(To reject a particular conspiracy theory of this nature requires either \
a denial that the )Tj
T*
(alleged pattern exists or the assertion that the existence of the patter\
n could be purely )Tj
T*
(coincidental. It would be hard to deny that the critics of the official \
account have )Tj
ET
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(discerned a pattern. They have shown that many otherwise puzzling events\
\227before, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(during, and after 9/11\227can be explained by the theory that high-level\
officials in the US )Tj
T*
(government conspired to allow the attacks to occur and then to cover up \
this fact. Given )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(that pattern, the price for rejecting this conspiracy theory is to accep\
t a )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(coincidence )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(theory. And, critics of the official account can point out, the number o\
f coincidences that )Tj
T*
(would need to be accepted is enormous. A complete list would include the\
following )Tj
T*
(coincidences: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(1. Several FAA flight controllers exhibited extreme incompetence on 9/11\
, )Tj
T*
(and evidendy on that day only. )Tj
T*
(2. The officials in charge at both NMCC and NORAD also acted )Tj
T*
(incompetently on 9/11, and evidently on that day only. )Tj
T*
(3. In particular, when NMCC-NORAD officials did finally order jet fighte\
rs )Tj
T*
(to be scrambled to protect New York and Washington, they ordered them in\
)Tj
T*
(each case from more distant bases, rather than from McGuire and Andrews,\
)Tj
T*
(respectively. )Tj
T*
(4. After public statements saying that Andrews Air Force Base had no jet\
)Tj
T*
(fighters on alert to protect Washington, its website, which had previous\
ly )Tj
T*
(said that many jets were always on alert, was altered. )Tj
T*
(5 Several pilots who normally are airborne and going full speed in under\
)Tj
T*
(three minutes all took much longer to get up on 9/11. )Tj
T*
(6. These same pilots, flying planes capable of going 1,500 to 1,850 mile\
s )Tj
T*
(per hour, on that day were all evidently able to get their planes to fly\
only )Tj
T*
(300 to 700 miles per hour. )Tj
T*
(7. The collapse of the buildings of the World Trade Center, besides )Tj
T*
(occurring at almost free-fall speed, exhibited other signs of being cont\
rolled )Tj
T*
(demolitions: molten steel, seismic shocks, and fine dust were all produc\
ed. )Tj
T*
(8. The video and physical evidence suggesting that controlled demolition\
)Tj
T*
(was the cause of the collapse of the Twin Towers co-exists with testimon\
y )Tj
T*
(from people in these buildings that they heard, felt, and saw the effect\
s of )Tj
T*
(explosions. )Tj
T*
(9. The collapse of WTC-1 and WTC-2 had some of the same features as the \
)Tj
T*
(collapse of WTC-7, even though the latter collapse could not be attribut\
ed )Tj
T*
(to the impact and jet fuel of an airplane. )Tj
T*
(10. Both the North Tower and the South Tower collapsed just as their )Tj
T*
(respective fires were dying down, even though this meant that the South \
)Tj
T*
(Tower, which had been hit second, collapsed first. )Tj
T*
(11. Governmental agencies had the debris, including the steel, from the \
)Tj
T*
(collapsed WTC buildings removed without investigation, which is what )Tj
T*
(would be expected if the government wanted to prevent evidence of )Tj
T*
(explosives from being discovered. )Tj
T*
(12. Physical evidence suggesting that what hit the Pentagon could not ha\
ve )Tj
T*
(been a Boeing 757 co-exists with testimony of several witnesses that the\
)Tj
ET
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(aircraft that did hit the Pentagon was far smaller than a 757. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(13. This evidence about the aircraft that hit the Pentagon co-exists wit\
h )Tj
T*
(reports that Flight 77 crashed in Kentucky or Ohio. )Tj
T*
(14. This evidence co-exists with the fact that the only evidence that Fl\
ight )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(77 did )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(crash was supplied by an attorney closely associated with the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Bush administration. )Tj
T*
(15. Evidence that Flight 77 did not return to Washington to hit the Pent\
agon )Tj
T*
(co-exists with the fact that when the flight control transcript was rele\
ased, )Tj
T*
(the final 20 minutes were missing. )Tj
T*
(16. The fact that the aircraft that hit the Pentagon did so only after )Tj
T*
(executing a very difficult maneuver co-exists with the fact that it stru\
ck a )Tj
T*
(section of the Pentagon that, besides containing none of its leaders, wa\
s the )Tj
T*
(section in which the strike would cause the least death and destruction.\
)Tj
T*
(17. On the same day in which jet fighters were unable to protect the )Tj
T*
(Pentagon from an attack by a single airplane, the missiles that normally\
)Tj
T*
(protect the Pentagon also failed to do so. )Tj
T*
(18. Sounds from cell phones inside Flight 93 suggesting that the plane h\
ad )Tj
T*
(been hit by a missile were matched by many reports to this effect from )Tj
T*
(witnesses on the ground. )Tj
T*
(19. This evidence that Flight 93 was shot down co-exists with reports fr\
om )Tj
T*
(both civilian and military leaders that there was intent to shoot this f\
light )Tj
T*
(down. )Tj
T*
(20. The only plane that was evidently shot down, Flight 93, was the only\
)Tj
T*
(one in which it appeared that passengers were going to gain control. )Tj
T*
(21. The evidence that Flight 93 was shot down after the passengers were \
)Tj
T*
(about to gain control co-exists with the fact that the flight control tr\
anscript )Tj
T*
(for this flight was not released. )Tj
T*
(22. That coincidence co-exists with the fact that when the cockpit recor\
ding )Tj
T*
(of Flight 93 was released, the final three minutes were missing. )Tj
T*
(23. Evidence showing that the US government had far more specific )Tj
T*
(evidence of what was to occur on 9/11 than it has admitted co-exists wit\
h )Tj
T*
(evidence that it actively blocked investigations that might have prevent\
ed )Tj
T*
(the attacks. )Tj
T*
(24. Reports of obstructions from FBI agents in Minneapolis co-exist with\
)Tj
T*
(similar reports from Chicago and New York. )Tj
T*
(25. Reports of such obstructions prior to 9/11 co-exist with reports tha\
t )Tj
T*
(investigations after 9/11 were also obstructed. )Tj
T*
(26. These reports of obstructionism co-exist with multiple reports )Tj
T*
(suggesting that the US government did not really try to capture or kill \
)Tj
T*
(Osama bin Laden either prior to or after 9/11, with the result that seve\
ral )Tj
T*
(people independently suggested that the US government must be working )Tj
T*
(for bin Laden\227or vice versa. )Tj
T*
(27. All these reports co-exist with reports of hijackers being allowed i\
n the )Tj
ET
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(country in spite of known terrorist connections or visa violations. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(28. These reports about immigration violations co-exist with evidence th\
at )Tj
T*
(some of these same men were allowed to train at US flight schools, some \
on )Tj
T*
(military bases. )Tj
T*
(29. This evidence of training at various American flight schools co-exis\
ts )Tj
T*
(with reports that US officials tried to conceal this evidence. )Tj
T*
(30. The traumatic events of 9/11 occurred just a year after a document )Tj
T*
(published by the Project for the New American Century, an organization )Tj
T*
(whose founders included several men who became central figures in the )Tj
T*
(Bush administration, referred to benefits that could come from "a new Pe\
arl )Tj
T*
(Harbor." )Tj
T*
(31. The "unifying Pearl Harbor sort of purple American fury" produced by\
)Tj
T*
(the 9/11 attacks did benefit the Bush administration in many ways. )Tj
T*
(32. A credible report that spokespersons for the Bush administration had\
)Tj
T*
(earlier announced that the US government was planning a war on )Tj
T*
(Afghanistan, which would begin before the middle of October, co-exists )Tj
T*
(with the fact that the attacks of 9/11, by occurring on that date, gave \
US )Tj
T*
(military forces time to be ready to attack Afghanistan on October 7. )Tj
T*
(33. Ahmad Masood, whose continued existence would have posed )Tj
T*
(problems for US plans in Afghanistan, was assassinated, reportedly by IS\
I )Tj
T*
(operatives, just after the head of the ISI, General Mahmoud Ahmad, had )Tj
T*
(been meeting in Washington for several days with the head of the CIA. )Tj
T*
(34. In the White Houses version of the recording of Condoleezza Rice's )Tj
T*
(press briefing on May 16, the only portion that was inaudible was the )Tj
T*
(portion in which the person under discussion, mentioned as having been i\
n )Tj
T*
(Washington on 9/11, was identified as "the ISI chief." )Tj
T*
(35. Evidence of official efforts to conceal General Ahmad's presence in \
)Tj
T*
(Washington co-exists with evidence that, after it became known that )Tj
T*
(General Ahmad had ordered $100,000 wired to Mohamed Atta, US leaders )Tj
T*
(exerted pressure on the ISI to dismiss him from his post quietly. )Tj
T*
(36. Evidence of these attempts to conceal General Ahmad's involvement in\
)Tj
T*
(9/11 co-exists with evidence that the FBI and other federal agencies sou\
ght )Tj
T*
(to obscure the fact that Saeed Sheikh, the man who wired the money to )Tj
T*
(Atta, was an ISI agent. )Tj
T*
(37. The fact that agents in FBI headquarters who presided over the alleg\
ed )Tj
T*
(intelligence failure that allowed 9/11 to happen, widely called the bigg\
est )Tj
T*
(intelligence failure since Pearl Harbor, were promoted instead of fired \
or )Tj
T*
(otherwise punished co-exists with the fact that other intelligence agenc\
ies )Tj
T*
(also reported that there had been no punishments for incompetence relate\
d )Tj
T*
(to 9/11. )Tj
T*
(38. This evidence of lack of punishment for poor performance co-exists )Tj
T*
(with reports that intelligence officers who were diligendy trying to pur\
sue )Tj
T*
(investigations related to 9/11 suffered negative treatment from superior\
s.)Tj
ET
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(As can be seen, what some critics call the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(incompetence )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(theory can be understood as )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(simply part of a larger )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(coincidence )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(theory, because it entails that FAA agents, NMCC )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(and NORAD officials, pilots, immigration agents, US military leaders in \
Afghanistan, )Tj
T*
(and numerous US intelligence agencies all coincidentally acted with extr\
eme and unusual )Tj
T*
(incompetence when dealing with matters related to 9/11. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(But the coincidence theory requires even greater credulity. To accept it\
requires holding )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(not only that each conjunction of events on the above list -- which a co\
nspiracy theory )Tj
T*
(could explain by regarding each one as part of a pattern of events that \
had been planned )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(\227 was purely coincidental. It also requires holding that the fact tha\
t there are )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(so many )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(events related to 9/11 that involve coincidences\227at least 38 such eve\
nts\227is itself purely )Tj
T*
(coincidental. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Seen in this light, the fact that a complicity theory may not at this ti\
me be able to answer )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(all the questions it evokes, revisionists can say, is a relatively trivi\
al problem. Once the )Tj
T*
(relevant facts are put before us, the official account involves a coinci\
dence theory that )Tj
T*
(would require far greater credulity than that of which "conspiracy theor\
ists" are accused. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Furthermore, the fact that the revisionists cannot yet answer all questi\
ons would be )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(important only if they were claiming to have presented a fully conclusiv\
e case. But they )Tj
T*
(are not. Meyssan, for example, tells readers that he is not asking them \
to accept his )Tj
T*
(argument "as the definitive truth," but instead hopes that his readers w\
ill use his )Tj
T*
(references to examine the evidence for themselves.)Tj
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(28 Ahmed says that the purpose of )Tj
-20.41 -1.33333 Td
(his book is not to provide a definitive account but merely "to clarify t\
he dire need for an )Tj
T*
(in-depth investigation into the events of 11th September.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(29 )Tj
-23.129 -2.60001 Td
(My book is an attempt to show, in relatively brief form, that he and the\
others have done )Tj
T*
(just this. )Tj
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567.625 248.87352 l
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(FOOTNOTES to chapter 9)Tj
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 166.57439 Tm
(hint: )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(press the BACK-button on your browser to jump back to the original text-\
location)Tj
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(1)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 128.03348 Tm
(Ahmed, 290. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 112.33257 Tm
(2)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 108.49255 Tm
(Ibid., 290, citing Patrick Martin, "Was the US Government Alerted to Sep\
tember 11 )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(Attack? Part 4: The Refusal to Investigate," World Socialist Web Site \(\
www.wsws.org\), )Tj
T*
(January 24, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 56.79164 Tm
(3)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 52.95164 Tm
(Bob Woodward and Dan Balz, "Saturday, September 15, at Camp David, Advis\
e and )Tj
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(Dissent," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 31, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 787.26149 Tm
(4)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 783.42149 Tm
(Meyssan, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(153. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 767.72058 Tm
(5)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 763.88058 Tm
(Phyllis Bennis, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Before and After: US Foreign Policy and the September 11th Crisis )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(\(Northampton, Mass.: Olive Branch Press, 2003\), 83. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 730.14594 Tm
(6)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 726.30594 Tm
(This fact is included in a document called "Missile Defense Milestones,"\
which is on the )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(website of the Missile Defense Agency \(acq.osd.mil/bmdo\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 692.60503 Tm
(7)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 688.76503 Tm
(Ahmed, 236-38. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 673.06412 Tm
(8)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 669.22411 Tm
(Ibid., 240, 262. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 653.52319 Tm
(9)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 649.6832 Tm
(Henry Kissinger, "Destroy the Network," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 11, 2001 \(http://)Tj
-0.39999 -1.2028 Td
(washingtonpost.com\), quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(65. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 615.94012 Tm
(10)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 612.10013 Tm
(Richard Perle, "State Sponsors of Terrorism Should Be Wiped Out Too," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Daily )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Telegraph, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 18, 2001, quoted in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(169. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 578.35706 Tm
(11)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 574.51704 Tm
(Bennis, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Before and After, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(82. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 558.81613 Tm
(12)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 554.97614 Tm
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(129. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 539.27522 Tm
(13)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 535.43523 Tm
(John Pilger, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New Statesman, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 12, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 519.73431 Tm
(14)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 515.89432 Tm
(Bob Woodward, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Bush at War )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002\), 32. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 500.19341 Tm
(15)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 496.35339 Tm
("Secretary Rumsfeld Interview," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 12, 2001; quoted in Andrew )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Bacevich, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(American Empire: The Realities and Consequences of US Diplomacy )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(\(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2002\), 227. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 444.61032 Tm
(16)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 440.77032 Tm
(Rice's statement was reported by Nicholas Lemann in the April 2002 issue\
of the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Yorker.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 407.06941 Tm
(17)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 403.22942 Tm
(The National Security Strategy of the United States of America, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 2002 \(www.)Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(whitehouse.gov/nssc\), 28. At about the same time, Tony Blair, the prime\
minister of )Tj
T*
(America's junior partner, said to the liaison committee of the British H\
ouse of Commons: )Tj
T*
("To be truthful about it, there was no way we could have got the public \
consent to have )Tj
T*
(suddenly launched a campaign on Afghanistan but for what happened on Sep\
tember )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(11" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(\(London Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(July 17, 2002\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 297.48634 Tm
(18)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 293.64633 Tm
(Thomas Omestand, "New World Order," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(US News and World Report, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 31, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2001, quoted in Ahmed, 262. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 259.94542 Tm
(19)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 256.10542 Tm
(Walden Bello, "The American Way of War," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Focus on Trade, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(No. 72: December 2001, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(quoted in Ahmed, 279-80. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 222.40451 Tm
(20)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 218.56451 Tm
(Karen Talbot, "Afghanistan is Key to Oil Profits," Centre for Research o\
n )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Globalisation, November 7, 2001 \(globalresearch.ca\), quoted in Ahmed, \
280. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 184.8636 Tm
(21)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 181.02361 Tm
(William Pfaff, "Will the New World Order Rest Solely on American Might?"\
)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(International Herald Tribune, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 29, 2001, quoted in Ahmed, 274. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 147.28053 Tm
(22)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 143.44052 Tm
(Ahmed, 279, quoting John McMurtry's statement in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Economic Reform, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October, 2001. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 127.73961 Tm
(23)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 123.89961 Tm
(Ibid., 290-93. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 108.1987 Tm
(24)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 104.3587 Tm
(Ibid., 291. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 88.65779 Tm
(25)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 84.81778 Tm
(Gore Vidal, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dreaming War: Blood for Oil and the Cheney-Bush Junta )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Thunder's Mouth/Nation Books, 2002\), 72. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 51.08315 Tm
(26)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 47.24315 Tm
(9/11: The Big Lie, 10, 25.)Tj
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(27)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 801.46365 Tm
(See The Emperors New Clothes \(www.emperor-clothes.com\). )Tj
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(28)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 781.92274 Tm
(9/11: The Big Lie, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(10. )Tj
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(29)Tj
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(Ahmed, 291-92. )Tj
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(CHAPTER TEN)Tj
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(THE NEED FOR A FULL INVESTIGATION)Tj
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15 0 0 15 26.375 594.73567 Tm
(I have argued that our Fourth Estate needs to carry out a thorough inves\
tigation of the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(kind of information summarized in this book. It is usually only when the\
press leads the )Tj
T*
(way that an official investigation is undertaken. But finally it will be\
the official )Tj
T*
(investigation that is decisive. In considering the kind of investigation\
that is now needed, )Tj
T*
(it will be helpful to review the official investigations that have been \
authorized thus far )Tj
T*
(and the obstacles they have faced from the Bush administration. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(The Joint Inquiry)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(As we have seen, the intelligence committees of the US Senate and House \
of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Representatives carried out a Joint Inquiry in 2002. As we have also see\
n, however, there )Tj
T*
(are many reasons to consider the report issued by this inquiry inadequat\
e. For example, it )Tj
T*
(concludes that US intelligence agencies, besides not having specific inf\
ormation about )Tj
T*
(imminent attacks, did not even expect attacks to occur within the United\
States. The )Tj
T*
(report does suggest that federal agencies were at fault. Indeed, the rep\
ort was described )Tj
T*
(by the press as a "scathing indictment" of the intelligence agencies. Bu\
t the named )Tj
T*
(problems\227such as inadequate communication between agencies, failure t\
o make rather )Tj
T*
(obvious inferences, and failure to take warnings with sufficient serious\
ness\227all fit under )Tj
T*
(the incompetence and coincidence theories. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In light of the evidence summarized in this book, the underlying weaknes\
s of the Joint )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Inquiry is that its members apparently simply assumed from the outset th\
at no deliberate )Tj
T*
(complicity was involved, as illustrated by the fact that the testimony o\
f the various )Tj
T*
(witnesses was evidently accepted at face value. For example, if NSA offi\
cials said that )Tj
T*
(they had not translated specific warnings that had been intercepted betw\
een September 8 )Tj
T*
(and 10 until after the attacks, that testimony was simply accepted as th\
e truth. If agents at )Tj
T*
(FBI headquarters said that they misunderstood the standards under FISA f\
or issuing a )Tj
T*
(warrant, that testimony was accepted as the truth, in spite of evidence \
of deliberate )Tj
T*
(sabotage. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(There are several possible explanations for the inadequacy of the Joint \
Inquiry. One is )Tj
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(simply that a thorough investigation of the many questions raised by cri\
tics of the official )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(account would have taken far more time and resources than were devoted t\
o this inquiry, )Tj
T*
(which reportedly involved only nine public hearings and thirteen closed \
sessions. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(But there is also reason to believe that intimidation may have dampened \
some of the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(members' investigative zeal. Thompson cites a report that on August of 2\
002, FBI agents )Tj
T*
(had questioned nearly all 37 members of the Senate and House intelligenc\
e committees )Tj
T*
(about 9/11-related information leaks. The agents even demanded that thes\
e senators and )Tj
T*
(representatives submit to lie detector tests and turn over phone records\
and appointment )Tj
T*
(calendars. A law professor, commenting on this demand, said: "It creates\
a great chilling )Tj
T*
(effect on those who would be critical of the FBI.")Tj
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(1 Some senators and representatives )Tj
-19.849 -1.33333 Td
(expressed grave concern about the violation of the separation of powers,\
with Senator )Tj
T*
(John McCain saying: "What you have here is an organization compiling dos\
siers on )Tj
T*
(people who are investigating the same organization." The FBI, said one s\
enator, is )Tj
T*
("trying to put a damper on our activities and I think they will be succe\
ssful.")Tj
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(2 )Tj
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(Beyond the problems with the Joint Inquiry, the larger question is why C\
ongress did not )Tj
T*
(immediately undertake a full-scale investigation into 9/11. Assigning th\
e task simply to )Tj
T*
(the intelligence committees implied that the success of the attacks of 9\
/11 was already )Tj
T*
(known to be the result of nothing other than intelligence failures. A mo\
re sweeping )Tj
T*
(investigation was evidently not undertaken because the congressional lea\
ders acceded to )Tj
T*
(requests from the White House that the scope of their investigation be l\
imited. Both )Tj
T*
(President Bush and Vice President Cheney, in personal appeals to Senate \
Majority )Tj
T*
(Leader Tom Daschle, reportedly asked that only the House and Senate inte\
lligence )Tj
T*
(committees look into the potential breakdowns among federal agencies tha\
t could have )Tj
T*
(allowed the terrorist attacks to occur, rather than a broader inquiry th\
at some lawmakers )Tj
T*
(have proposed." Bush and Cheney were making this request, they said beca\
use a broader )Tj
T*
(inquiry would take resources and personnel )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(away from the war on terrorism." )Tj
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(3 In light of the fact that Bush and Cheney must now )Tj
-13.599 -1.33333 Td
(be included among the prime suspects, it would obviously be problematic \
if they had )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(been allowed to determine the cause of the 9/11 attacks\227that it was "\
breakdown" rather )Tj
T*
(than "complicity"\227 and henceto limit the scope of the investigation c\
arried out by the )Tj
T*
(people's representatives. We normally do not allow the suspects in an in\
vestigation to )Tj
T*
(make such decisions. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Nevertheless, in spite of all these problems, the work of the Joint Inqu\
iry was not in vain. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(It provided enough damaging revelations to leave President Bush, after h\
aving long )Tj
T*
(opposed the creation of any special investigating body, little choice bu\
t to support the )Tj
T*
(creation of The National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United\
States, )Tj
T*
(informally known as the 9/11 Independent Commission.)Tj
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(The 9/11 Independent Commission)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(Although it was good that this commission was finally created, it has al\
so been riddled )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with problems. One problem is that the Bush administration placed obstac\
les in front of it )Tj
T*
(from the outset. An immediate obstacle was the very small sum of money a\
llocated by )Tj
T*
(the administration to fund the commission's work. As of January 2003, th\
e commission )Tj
T*
(had been given only $3 million\227whereas in 1996, by contrast, a federa\
l commission to )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(study legalized gambling was given $5 million.)Tj
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(5 In March of 2003, )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
(Time )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(magazine )Tj
-18.972 -1.33333 Td
(reported that the commission had asked the Bush administration for an ad\
ditional $11 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(million but had been turned down. One commissioner, pointing out that th\
e request was )Tj
T*
(hardly excessive, noted that the commission on the Columbia shuttle disa\
ster, by )Tj
T*
(contrast, had $50 million. Stephen Push, one of the leaders of families \
of the victims, )Tj
T*
(said that this refusal suggested that the Bush administration saw this "\
as a convenient )Tj
T*
(way for allowing the commission to fail. They've never wanted the commis\
sion and I feel )Tj
T*
(the White House has always been looking for a way to kill it without hav\
ing their finger )Tj
T*
(on the murder weapon.")Tj
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(6 After more time passed, the additional funding was finally )Tj
-9.62801 -1.33333 Td
(approved. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Yet another obstacle was that although the commission's mandate dictated\
that it must )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(complete its work by May 2004, the Bush administration was very slow in \
issuing the )Tj
T*
(needed security clearances to the commission's personnel. For example, e\
ven Slade )Tj
T*
(Gorton, a former Republican US senator with much experience with intelli\
gence issues, )Tj
T*
(still had not received a security clearance by March 12, 2003, leading t\
he commissions )Tj
T*
(vice chairman, former Democratic congressman Lee Hamilton, to say: "It's\
kind of )Tj
T*
(astounding that someone like Senator Gorton can't get immediate clearanc\
e.")Tj
ET
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(7 As a )Tj
-30.80499 -1.33333 Td
(result of these delays, by the time the commission was finally able to b\
egin work in the )Tj
T*
(middle of 2003, it had less than a year to carry out its work. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Another obstacle was difficulty in obtaining needed documents and witnes\
ses. For one )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(thing, although this commission was supposed to use the final report of \
the Joint Inquiry )Tj
T*
(as a point of departure, the Bush administration did not allow this repo\
rt to be released )Tj
T*
(until late in July of 2003. Also, shortly before this report was release\
d, the commission's )Tj
T*
(chairman, Thomas H. Kean, complained that the Justice Department and oth\
er federal )Tj
T*
(agencies were withholding documents\227which they obviously would not ha\
ve done if )Tj
T*
(they had been ordered by the White House to turn them over. Kean also co\
mplained that )Tj
T*
(federal agencies were insisting on having "minders" present when any of \
their employees )Tj
T*
(were called to give testimony, which Kean \(reasonably\) interpreted as \
an attempt to )Tj
T*
(intimidate these employees. The White House also indicated that the pres\
ident himself )Tj
T*
(would not give testimony, at least under oath. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In light of the enormous number of questions that have been raised about\
9/11, these )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(obstacles were probably by themselves sufficient to prevent the commissi\
on from )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(providing definitive answers to most of the questions, even if the commi\
ssion carried out )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the most independent, aggressive investigation possible in the time rema\
ining. Indeed, in )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(October of 2003, one member of the commission, former senator Max Clelan\
d, told )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New )Tj
T*
(York Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(reporter Philip Shenon that the commission could not complete its work b\
y )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(May of 2004, adding: "It's obvious that the White House wants to run out\
the clock )Tj
T*
(here.... [W]e're still in negotiations with some assistant White House c\
ounsel about )Tj
T*
(getting these documents\227it's disgusting." Although Cleland is a Democ\
rat, this attitude, )Tj
T*
(reported Shenon, was bipartisan, with Slade Gorton also complaining that\
the "lack of )Tj
T*
(cooperation" would make it "very difficult" for the commission to comple\
te its work by )Tj
T*
(the deadline.)Tj
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(8 )Tj
-5.11 -2.60001 Td
(The obstacles created by the Bush administration, however, were not the \
only problem. )Tj
T*
(Another reason to doubt that the commissions report would answer many qu\
estions was )Tj
T*
(that its leaders adopted a very limited understanding of its task: "The \
focus of the )Tj
T*
(commission will be on the future," said Vice Chairman Hamilton. "We're n\
ot interested )Tj
T*
(in trying to assess blame, we do not consider that part of the commissio\
n's )Tj
T*
(responsibility.")Tj
ET
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(9 The commission, in other words, evidently approached its task by )Tj
-6.103 -1.33333 Td
(simply taking for granted the truth of the incompetence theory, so that \
the question of )Tj
T*
(official complicity would not even be explored. Hamilton's words seemed,\
in fact, to )Tj
T*
(imply that the commission would not even assess blame in the sense of in\
competence. In )Tj
T*
(saying that the commission's focus "will be on the future," Hamilton was\
apparently )Tj
T*
(indicating that it would limit itself strictly to the question of how to\
make sure that a )Tj
T*
("breakdown" does not happen again. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Now that we have before us the questions raised by critics of the offici\
al account, along )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(with the alternative theory implicit therein, we can see the absurdity o\
f such a limited )Tj
T*
(mandate. Any explanation of how the attacks on 9/11 could have occurred \
requires that )Tj
T*
(there was either complicity at the highest level of the U.S. government \
or an )Tj
T*
(unprecedented system-wide breakdown in this country's ability to protect\
itself from a )Tj
T*
(very crude form of attack\227and this despite the fact that a huge porti\
on of our nations )Tj
T*
(trillion-dollar budget goes annually for "defense" and "intelligence." I\
n the face of a )Tj
T*
(seemingly forced choice between these two explanations, the commissions \
failure to )Tj
T*
(assess blame would be an enormous dereliction of duty. We need an invest\
igation that )Tj
T*
(will seek to place blame where it belongs. We also need one that will no\
t shrink from )Tj
T*
(asking whether 9/11 resulted from official complicity rather than merely\
massive )Tj
T*
(incompetence. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(To be fair to Hamilton and the other members, it must be added that the \
commission's )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(limited scope was perhaps imposed upon it. I have read reports that Pres\
ident Bush )Tj
T*
(agreed to authorize the 9/11 Independent Commission only on condition th\
at its scope )Tj
T*
(would be limited to the question of how to prevent similar breakdowns in\
the future\227in )Tj
T*
(other words, only on condition that the commission would be independent \
in name only, )Tj
T*
(not free to determine for itself the nature and scope of its investigati\
on. )Tj
ET
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Q
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(In any case, whatever be the facts with regard to the commission's manda\
te, the president )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(clearly did make it a condition of his authorization of such a commissio\
n that he would )Tj
T*
(appoint its chairman.)Tj
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(10 Bush's first choice, which many observers found incredible, )Tj
-8.416 -1.33333 Td
(was Henry Kissinger. There was widespread scepticism about Kissinger's a\
bility to guide )Tj
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(the commission in an independent and impartial way.)Tj
ET
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(11 "Indeed," said the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York )Tj
-21.38699 -1.33614 Td
(Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
("it is tempting to wonder if the choice of Mr. Kissinger is not a clever\
maneuver )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(by the White House to contain an investigation it long opposed.")Tj
ET
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(12 Skepticism about )Tj
-25.879 -1.33333 Td
(Kissinger's capacity for independence was based in part on reports of po\
ssible conflicts )Tj
T*
(of interest, about which he evidently had not been interrogated by the W\
hite House. )Tj
T*
(Kissinger, for one thing, was getting huge consulting fees from corporat\
ions with heavy )Tj
T*
(investments in Saudi Arabia.)Tj
ET
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(13 And, of course, besides reportedly supplying many of )Tj
-11.55499 -1.33333 Td
(the hijackers for 9/11, Saudi Arabia has been, according to John O'Neill\
and other )Tj
T*
(intelligence agents, the primary continuing source of support for al-Qae\
da. Kissinger's )Tj
T*
(relationship with Unocal\227the oil company with plans to build a pipeli\
ne through )Tj
T*
(Afghanistan\227was also reported.)Tj
ET
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(14 The obvious problem here is that the attacks of 9/11 )Tj
-13.136 -1.33333 Td
(provided the basis for a war in Afghanistan, after which the United Stat\
es installed a )Tj
T*
(puppet government headed by a former Unocal employee and placed military\
bases along )Tj
T*
(the proposed route for the pipeline. The fact that Bush would appoint so\
meone reputed to )Tj
T*
(be financially connected with Unocal as well as Saudi Arabia suggested, \
to say the least, )Tj
T*
(that the impartiality of the commission's chairman was not his chief con\
cern. Bush )Tj
T*
(declared, in fact, that Kissinger was not required to reveal his busines\
s clients. The )Tj
T*
(Congressional Research Service said otherwise, however, and Kissinger re\
signed rather )Tj
T*
(than do so.)Tj
ET
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(15 )Tj
-4.36099 -2.60001 Td
(It was after this debacle that Thomas Kean became the chairman. Kean, fo\
rmerly the )Tj
T*
(governor of New Jersey, was the president of Drew University at the time\
of his )Tj
T*
(appointment. Because he was to continue as Drew's president, Kean would \
have only )Tj
T*
(limited time to devote to the commission. Critics also complained about \
possible )Tj
T*
(conflicts of interest, with the main problem being his membership on the\
Board of )Tj
T*
(Directors for another oil company, Amerada Hess, with extensive investme\
nts in Central )Tj
T*
(Asia. Amerada Hess had, furthermore, joined with Delta Oil of Saudi Arab\
ia\227one of the )Tj
T*
(companies in the CentGas consortium\227to form Hess-Delta.)Tj
ET
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(16 All of the other )Tj
-24.136 -1.33333 Td
(members of the committee, furthermore, reportedly had at least one possi\
ble conflict of )Tj
T*
(interest.)Tj
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(17 )Tj
-3.194 -2.60001 Td
(Also problematic is the fact that the president also appointed the commi\
ttees executive )Tj
T*
(director, Philip Zelikow, who had been deeply enmeshed with the Bush adm\
inistration. )Tj
T*
(He was appointed to Bush's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board shortly a\
fter 9/11. Back )Tj
T*
(during the administration of the elder George Bush, he served with Condo\
leezza Rice in )Tj
T*
(the National Security Council, then later collaborated with her on a boo\
k.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(18 Stephen )Tj
-29.35699 -1.33333 Td
(Push, one of the founders of Families of September 11 commented on the p\
roblem of )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(getting "commissioners and staff who are truly independent." He was unco\
mfortable, he )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(indicated, with the fact "that Philip Zelikow has such a close relations\
hip to Rice and )Tj
T*
(other people the commission is investigating.")Tj
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(19 The Family Steering Committee for )Tj
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(the 9/11 Independent Commission has, in fact, called on Zelikow to step \
down.)Tj
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(20 )Tj
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(Accordingly, given the make-up of the commission, people aware of the is\
sues had )Tj
T*
(reason to suspect that any evidence that the Bush administration itself \
was complicit in )Tj
T*
(the events of 9/11 would not be impartially and thoroughly explored. Sev\
eral good )Tj
T*
(people were appointed to the commission, and various issues were assigne\
d to a number )Tj
T*
(of committees, with capable and dedicated staff members. Reports indicat\
ed that these )Tj
T*
(committees, under Kean's overall direction, were going somewhat beyond t\
he limited )Tj
T*
(scope originally suggested by Hamilton's statement. But evidently not ve\
ry far: Even as )Tj
T*
(late as October of 2003, a quotation from one member of the commission s\
eemed to )Tj
T*
(suggest that its most important task would be "making recommendations fo\
r the )Tj
T*
(future.")Tj
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(21 )Tj
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(Nevertheless, continued stonewalling by the White House and various agen\
cies led to )Tj
T*
(statements by Kean suggesting that he would be tenacious in obtaining ev\
idence that the )Tj
T*
(Bush administration and its various agencies were trying to withhold. Th\
e same month, )Tj
T*
(in fact, Kean's commission issued a subpoena to the FAA, adding that thi\
s subpoena )Tj
T*
(would "put other agencies on notice that our document requests must be t\
aken as )Tj
T*
(seriously as a subpoena.")Tj
ET
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(22 He also stated in an interview that he was ready to )Tj
-10.073 -1.33333 Td
(subpoena the White House itself if necessary. In his strongest statement\
up to that point, )Tj
T*
(Kean said: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Any document that has to do with this investigation cannot be beyond our\
)Tj
T*
(reach.... I will not stand for [stonewalling].... We will use every tool\
at our )Tj
T*
(command to get hold of every document.... There are a lot of theories ab\
out )Tj
T*
(9/11, and as long as there is any document out there that bears on any o\
f )Tj
T*
(those theories, we're going to leave questions unanswered. And we cannot\
)Tj
T*
(leave questions unanswered.)Tj
-2.66667 -1.61667 Td
(Assuming Kean was really serious about taking the various "theories" ser\
iously and )Tj
T*
(obtaining every available document relevant to them, there was the possi\
bility that the )Tj
T*
(commission might uncover evidence suggesting that 9/11 happened more thr\
ough )Tj
T*
(complicity than incompetence. This possibility was suggested by Max Clel\
and's )Tj
T*
(statement that, "As each day goes by, we learn that this government knew\
a whole lot )Tj
T*
(more about these terrorists before Sept. 11 than it has ever admitted.")Tj
ET
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(23 )Tj
-27.709 -2.60281 Td
(But there was also the possibility, indeed the probability, that this wo\
uld )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(happen. )Tj
T*
(And, regardless of people's assessment of Kean's integrity, the fact rem\
ains that he was )Tj
T*
(appointed by President Bush. At the time the commission was chosen, of c\
ourse, the )Tj
T*
(evidence that pointed to complicity by the Bush administration was known\
by very few )Tj
ET
EMC
Q
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(people, so acceding to Bush's insistence that he should appoint the comm\
ission's leaders )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(did not seem completely absurd. But insofar as there is widespread knowl\
edge of this )Tj
T*
(evidence, the fact that the chairman was appointed by Bush will create s\
uspicion that he, )Tj
T*
(like Kissinger, was chosen for the sake of containing the investigation.\
)Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This suspicion might well be misplaced, at least if it is suspicion that\
Kean would, out of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(loyalty to his party and the president, deliberately conceal evidence of\
complicity. )Tj
T*
(Although Kean is, like the president, a Republican, he is "a moderate Re\
publican known )Tj
T*
(for his independence,")Tj
ET
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(24 who reportedly refused to run for the US Senate because of )Tj
-8.989 -1.33333 Td
(his disagreement with the direction being taken by his parry. The presid\
ent perhaps )Tj
T*
(selected him to replace Kissinger not because he would be almost as safe\
but because the )Tj
T*
(administration did not want to risk another embarrassment. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Nevertheless, because Kean, like Zelikow, was appointed by the president\
, a report by )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the commission exonerating President Bush and his administration of all \
wrongdoing )Tj
T*
(would be suspected, by those who know the kinds of questions reported in\
this book, of )Tj
T*
(contributing to a cover-up, even if only through failure to exert the ki\
nd of pressure )Tj
T*
(required to obtain truthful testimony and access to needed documents. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This kind of failure was arguably illustrated, in fact, when in November\
of 2003 Kean )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(agreed to restrictions demanded by the White House with regard to those \
intelligence )Tj
T*
(reports for the president known as PDBs, short for Presidential Daily Br\
iefs. \(An )Tj
T*
(example would be the PDB for August 6, 2001, which included the memo fro\
m British )Tj
T*
(intelligence, discussed in Chapter 5, which reportedly indicated that te\
rrorists planned to )Tj
T*
(use hijacked airliners as missiles to hit targets inside the United Stat\
es.\) According to the )Tj
T*
(agreement accepted by Kean, the White House would be allowed to edit the\
se briefs )Tj
T*
(before sending them to the commission. And then only a few members of th\
e )Tj
T*
(commission would be allowed to see even these edited briefs. Then, besid\
es only being )Tj
T*
(able to take notes on these edited briefs, they would have to show these\
notes to the )Tj
T*
(White House.)Tj
ET
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(25 )Tj
-5.49899 -1.33333 Td
(As Cleland described the deal that was struck: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(A minority of the commissioners will be able to see a minority of the [P\
DB] )Tj
T*
(documents that the White House has already said is pertinent. And then a\
)Tj
T*
(minority of the commissioners themselves will have to brief the rest of \
the )Tj
T*
(commissioners on what the White House thinks is appropriate.... [B]ut fi\
rst )Tj
T*
(they have to report to the White House what they're going to tell the ot\
her )Tj
T*
(commissioners.)Tj
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(This agreement, continued Cleland, means that the commissioners are not \
able "to fulfill )Tj
T*
(their obligation to the Congress and the American people." Whereas the c\
ommissioners )Tj
T*
(are supposed to get access to all the documents they need, "the presiden\
t of the United )Tj
T*
(States is cherry-picking what information is shown to what minority of c\
ommissioners"\227)Tj
ET
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(a situation that Cleland labeled "ridiculous." )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This decision produced the first public split within the commission. Cle\
land, a Democrat, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(called the deal a "bad deal," adding that )Tj
2.66667 -2.46666 Td
(this independent commission should be independent and should not be )Tj
T*
(making deals with anybody.... I don't think any independent commission )Tj
T*
(can let an agency or the White House dictate to it how many commissioner\
s )Tj
T*
(see what.... [W]e shouldn't be dealing. If somebody wants to deal, we is\
sue )Tj
T*
(subpoenas.)Tj
-2.66667 -1.61667 Td
(In his strongest charge, Cleland said: "[T]hat decision compromised the \
mission of the )Tj
T*
(9/11 commission, pure and simple.")Tj
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(27 Fellow Democrat Timothy Roemer also rejected )Tj
-14.408 -1.33333 Td
(this decision, complaining that the White House might pass along "only t\
wo or three )Tj
T*
(paragraphs out of a nine-page report," thereby allowing it to hide any "\
smoking guns. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This decision was also labeled "unacceptable" by the Family Steering Com\
mittee for the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(9/11 Independent Commission, which declared: "The commission should issu\
e a )Tj
T*
(statement to the American public fully explaining why this agreement was\
chosen in lieu )Tj
T*
(of issuing subpoenas to the CIA and executive branch." Spokesperson Kris\
ten )Tj
T*
(Breirweiser added: "This is an independent commission that is supposed t\
o be )Tj
T*
(transparent.")Tj
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(Given these developments, everyone now, including those who fervently wa\
nt the )Tj
T*
(president and his administration to be freed from any suspicion of compl\
icity in the )Tj
T*
(events of 9/11, should support the authorisation of a full investigation\
led by someone, )Tj
T*
(perhaps a special prosecutor, whose independence cannot reasonably be do\
ubted.)Tj
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(Everyone should now favour this regardless of the conclusions of the 9/1\
1 Independent )Tj
T*
(Commission. That is, if the commissions conclusion is that there was, or\
at least may )Tj
T*
(have been, complicity by the Bush administration, that conclusion would \
rather )Tj
T*
(obviously require the appointment of a special prosecutor. Alternatively\
, if the )Tj
T*
(commission denies that there was any complicity, perhaps by failing even\
to raise the )Tj
T*
(question, a new investigation would be needed for the reason given above\
\227namely, that )Tj
T*
(there will be widespread suspicion that the Bush administration, through\
its selection of )Tj
T*
(the chairman and executive director combined with its obstructionism, pr\
evented the )Tj
T*
(truth from being discovered.)Tj
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(30 )Tj
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(Recent Events)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(After the manuscript for this book was essentially finished, several eve\
nts occurred that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(drove home even more clearly the need for a new investigation. These eve\
nts involved )Tj
T*
(publications, two presidential candidates, a lawsuit, and the 9/11 Indep\
endent )Tj
T*
(Commission. )Tj
ET
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(Publications: )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Several recent publications, by raising the kinds of questions dealt wit\
h in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(this book, suggest that these disturbing questions, far from going away,\
will continue to )Tj
T*
(be raised until credible answers are provided. One of these publications\
was an article in )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(the )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Guardian )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(in September of 2003 by former British Minister of the Environment )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Michael Meacher. Pointing out that the 2000 document produced by the Pro\
ject for the )Tj
T*
(New American Century \(PNAC\) says that its agenda will be difficult to \
implement )Tj
T*
(without "a new Pearl Harbor," Meacher suggested that this document "prov\
ides a much )Tj
T*
(better explanation of what actually happened before, during, and after 9\
/11 than the )Tj
T*
(global war on terrorism thesis." With regard to events prior to 9/11, he\
said that "US )Tj
T*
(authorities did little or nothing to pre-empt the events of 9/11" even t\
hough "at least 11 )Tj
T*
(countries provided advance warning to the US of the 9/11 attacks.")Tj
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(31With regard to )Tj
-26.82001 -1.33333 Td
(9/11 itself, he said that with all the advance warnings America had, the\
slow reaction was )Tj
T*
("astonishing." )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Not a single fighter plane was scrambled to investigate from the US )Tj
T*
(Andrews airforce base, just 10 miles from Washington DC, until after the\
)Tj
T*
(third plane had hit the Pentagon at 9.38AM. )Tj
ET
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(32 Why not? There were )Tj
-17.832 -1.33333 Td
(standard FAA intercept procedures for hijacked aircraft before 9/11... I\
t is a )Tj
T*
(US legal requirement that once an aircraft has moved significantly off i\
ts )Tj
T*
(flight plan, fighter planes are sent up to investigate.)Tj
-2.66667 -1.61667 Td
(Meacher then asked the crucial question: )Tj
T*
(Was this inaction simply the result of key people disregarding, or being\
ignorant of, the )Tj
T*
(evidence? Or could US air security operations have been deliberately sto\
od down on )Tj
T*
(September 11? If so, why, and on whose authority?)Tj
T*
(Meacher then quoted the former US federal crimes prosecutor, John Loftus\
, as having )Tj
T*
(said: )Tj
T*
(The information provided by European intelligence services prior to 9/11\
was so )Tj
T*
(extensive that it is no longer possible for either the CIA or FBI to ass\
ert a defence of )Tj
T*
(incompetence.)Tj
T*
(With regard to the American response after 9/11, Meacher said that )Tj
T*
(9/11 offered an extremely convenient pretext to put the PNAC plan into a\
ction.)Tj
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(Meacher's article evoked much response. The nature of some of it was ref\
lected in the )Tj
T*
(title of an article, "Fury Over Meacher Claims," written by Ewen MacAski\
ll, the )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(Guardian's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(diplomatic editor.)Tj
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(34 As MacAskill reported, a spokesman for the US )Tj
-11.853 -1.33333 Td
(embassy in London said: )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Mr. Meacher's fantastic allegations\227especially his assertion that the\
US government )Tj
T*
(knowingly stood by while terrorists killed some 3,000 innocents in New Y\
ork, )Tj
T*
(Pennsylvania and Virginia\227would be monstrous, and monstrously offensi\
ve, if they )Tj
T*
(came from someone serious or credible.)Tj
T*
(Having made such "fantastic allegations," Meacher could be dismissed as \
neither serious )Tj
T*
(nor credible, in spite of having been the UK's environment minister for \
several years )Tj
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(\(who as such would have known something about internal discussions of c\
oming oil )Tj
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(shortages\). Equally dismissive was an article in London's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Sunday Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(which said that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Meacher had "lurched into the twilight zone.")Tj
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(35 )Tj
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(At the same time, Meacher's article evoked a remarkable amount of suppor\
t. One letter to )Tj
T*
(the editor from America said: "It is obvious to me that the 'fury' attri\
buted to )Tj
T*
(representatives of my government derives from their understanding that h\
is views cut )Tj
T*
(close to the bone." Another American wrote: "Please let Mr. Meacher know\
that, despite )Tj
T*
(howls ofoutrage and denial at his forthright analysis, there are many of\
us who have long )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(made the same deductions. My gratitude to the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(for having the courage to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(publish it." A writer from England said: "Kudos to Mr. Meacher for being\
the first )Tj
T*
(prominent British politician to say what many have long known. But when \
will other )Tj
T*
(senior Labour members have the courage to support him?")Tj
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(In any case, a week later, Meacher, perhaps rejecting the support he had\
received as well )Tj
T*
(as the vilification, wrote a second letter, which began: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Contrary to the wilful misrepresentation by some of my article, I did no\
t say )Tj
T*
(at any point, and have never said, that the US government connived at th\
e )Tj
T*
(9/11 attacks or deliberately allowed them to happen. It need hardly be s\
aid )Tj
T*
(that I do not believe any government would conspire to cause such an )Tj
T*
(atrocity.)Tj
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(He had only, he claims, argued that the US government had exploited 9/11\
as a pretext to )Tj
T*
(carry out its already formulated agenda for Iraq and Afghanistan. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(However, given Meacher's question whether US security forces were "delib\
erately stood )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(down" and his rejection of a defense based on "incompetence," the reader\
s could surely )Tj
T*
(be forgiven for having thought that he had charged official complicity.)Tj
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(38 But even if )Tj
-28.245 -1.33333 Td
(one accepts Meacher's statement that his original article was not meant \
to "suggest a )Tj
T*
(conspiracy theory," its central point remains valid\227that the failure \
of the US government )Tj
T*
(to give satisfactory answers to the questions it raised "has provided am\
ple ammunition to )Tj
T*
(those who do." Accordingly, his article, along with the positive respons\
es it evoked, )Tj
T*
(points to the increasing sense that we need an investigation aimed at an\
swering these )Tj
T*
(questions. )Tj
0 -2.46948 TD
(Shortly after the Meacher flap an article appeared on the front page of \
the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Wall Street )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Journal )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(entitled "Conspiracy Theories About September 11 Get Hearing in )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Germany.")Tj
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(39 While pointing out that books containing such theories have also beco\
me )Tj
-4.379 -1.33333 Td
(best-sellers in France, Italy, and Spain, this article said that such bo\
oks have been )Tj
T*
(especially well received in Germany, where a recent public opinion poll \
showed 20 )Tj
T*
(percent of the citizens believing that "the U.S. government ordered the \
attacks itself." )Tj
T*
(This article focused in particular on a best-selling book by Andreas von\
B\374low.)Tj
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(Besides pointing out that von B\374low had been a long-time member of pa\
rliament after )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(having been "one of the top officials in the West German defense departm\
ent," this )Tj
T*
(article added that his book was put out by "one of the country's most pr\
estigious )Tj
T*
(publishing houses." )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Ian Johnson, the author of this article, suggested that Germany is espec\
ially hospitable to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(9/11 conspiracy theories, with their "improbable and outrageous assertio\
ns," because )Tj
T*
(Germany has become increasingly hostile to American foreign policy. John\
sons article )Tj
T*
(has, nevertheless, alerted a significant readership to the fact that the\
charge of official US )Tj
T*
(complicity has been made by a highly credible public figure in Germany a\
nd is widely )Tj
T*
(believed. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(A month after Meacher s original article appeared, freelance journalist \
Paul Donovan )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(published a criticism of journalists who had attacked Meacher. Complaini\
ng that many )Tj
T*
(journalists seemed to be seduced by power, Donovan complained that altho\
ugh the )Tj
T*
("premier role of the journalist should be as a check on power...many see\
m to...get greater )Tj
T*
(job satisfaction as parrots of the official truth." After briefly recoun\
ting what he called )Tj
T*
("the staggering story of the events of 9/11," Donovan said: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(No reasons have been given for the Bush administrations conduct on that \
)Tj
T*
(day, no one has been brought to account. Yet from the tragedy that was 9\
/11 )Tj
T*
(Bush has been able to deliver for his backers in the arms and oil indust\
ries. )Tj
T*
(The President has also been able to portray himself as a wartime leader.\
)Tj
T*
(This is the real story that journalists should be probing at and uncover\
ing, )Tj
T*
(not decrying the likes of Meacher who has at least had the guts to stand\
up )Tj
T*
(and say what many have suspected for some time.)Tj
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(During the same period in which the Meacher, Johnson, and Donovan pieces\
were )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(appearing, a new book by Michael Moore -- )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dude Where's My Country? )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\227 was )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(published. Whatever one thinks of Moore, his books attract a huge reader\
ship \(his )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(previous book, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Stupid White Men, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(was the best-selling nonfiction book of 2002-2003\). In )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(this new books first chapter, entiled "George of Arabia" Moore addresses\
seven questions )Tj
T*
(to President Bush. One of them asks about Bushs behavior in the classroo\
m on 9/11, but )Tj
T*
(most of them deal with the relationship between him and the Saudi royal \
family, the bin )Tj
T*
(Laden family, and the Taliban. Moore's own hunch as to what really happe\
ned is )Tj
T*
(evidently reflected in his third question to President Bush: "Who attack\
ed the United )Tj
T*
(States on September 11 \227 a guy on dialysis from a cave in Afghanistan\
, or your friends, )Tj
T*
(Saudi Arabia?")Tj
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(Moore's strongest statement is one that provides a possible answer to wh\
y the White )Tj
T*
(House has been impeding the 9/11 Independent Commission and also to why \
the press )Tj
T*
(and the American people in general have been so passive. Having asked wh\
y Bush does )Tj
T*
(not "stop prohibiting the truth from coming out," Moore suggests: )Tj
ET
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(Perhaps it's because George & Co. have a lot more to hide beyond why the\
y )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(didn't scramble the fighter jets fast enough on the morning of September\
11. )Tj
T*
(And maybe we, the people, are afraid to know the whole truth because it \
)Tj
T*
(could take us down roads where we don't want to go.)Tj
-2.66667 -1.61667 Td
(This latter supposition\227which is in harmony with Dan Rather's stateme\
nt that it is fear )Tj
T*
(that has kept the press from asking the difficult questions\227is probab\
ly correct. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(It is indeed frightening to think that perhaps our government did, Micha\
el Meacher's later )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(statement notwithstanding, "conspire to cause such an atrocity." It is e\
specially )Tj
T*
(frightening to consider the implications of such a conspiracy if it incl\
uded the FBI, the )Tj
T*
(CIA, the Justice Department, and the Pentagon. It might seem prudent sim\
ply to "let )Tj
T*
(sleeping dogs lie." If the suspicions are correct, however, these dogs a\
re not sleeping, but )Tj
T*
(are using the official account of 9/11 for various nefarious purposes, b\
oth within our )Tj
T*
(country and the rest of the world. Also, if we suspect foul play but kee\
p silent out of fear, )Tj
T*
(we can say farewell to any pretense to being the "land of the free and t\
he home of the )Tj
T*
(brave." And, in fact, to being a democracy. We may simply have to go "do\
wn roads )Tj
T*
(where we don't want to go." )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(That some members of the American press may be ready to do this is sugge\
sted by the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(publication on September 11, 2003, of an online article by William Bunch\
of the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(Philadelphia. Daily News )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(entided "Why Don't We Have Answers to These 9/11 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Questions?")Tj
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(43 This is the article, referred to in the Introduction, that asks "why \
after )Tj
-4.85201 -1.33333 Td
(730 days do we know so little about what really happened that day?" To i\
llustrate how )Tj
T*
(much is still unknown, Bunch asks 20 questions, about half of which over\
lap with the )Tj
T*
(central questions of the present book. He then asks why "a docile mainst\
ream media" has )Tj
T*
(not demanded answers to these questions. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Perhaps his article in the United States, like Donovan's article in the \
united Kingdom, is a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(sign that the press is ready to become less docile. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.46948 TD
(A Candidate's Statement about an "Interesting Theory": )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(During an interview on National )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Public Radio on December 1, 2003, Democratic presidential candidate Howa\
rd Dean was )Tj
T*
(asked, "Why do you think he [Bush] is suppressing that [Sept. 11] report\
?" He replied: "I )Tj
T*
(don't know. There are many theories about it. The most interesting theor\
y that I've heard )Tj
T*
(so far ... is that he was warned ahead of time by the Saudis. Now who kn\
ows what the )Tj
T*
(real situation is?")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(44 )Tj
-6.963 -2.60001 Td
(The task of disciplining Dean and warning others not to express such tho\
ughts in public )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(was taken on by Charles Krauthammer. In a )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(article entitled "Delusional )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Dean," Krauthammer said that Dean's statement\227that "the most interest\
ing" theory...is )Tj
T*
(that Bush knew about Sept. 11 in advance"\227is evidence that Dean had b\
een struck by a )Tj
T*
(new psychiatric condition that is abroad in the country. Krauthammer lab\
els this )Tj
ET
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(condition BDS, or "Bush Derangement Syndrome," defined as "the acute ons\
et of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(paranoia in otherwise normal people in reaction to the policies, the pre\
sidency\227nay\227)Tj
T*
(the very existence of George W. Bush." )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Krauthammer's piece provides an example of the standard approach taken b\
y defenders )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(of the official account. Rather than dealing with any of the problems in\
this account, they )Tj
T*
(simply declare that all theories of official complicity are so obviously\
absurd that anyone )Tj
T*
(taking such theories seriously must have deep psychological problems. An\
y problem )Tj
T*
(with the official account alleged by critics, such as evidence that the \
Bush administration )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(had more information about the attacks in advance than it has admitted, \
is dismissed )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(a )Tj
T*
(priori. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(The offiicial account is thereby protected from scrutiny, and other peop\
le are )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(warned not to raise questions. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Although Krauthammer's article was obviously intended to be cleverly hum\
orous, its )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(serious intent was made clear by the following comparison: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(When Rep. Cynthia McKinney \(D-GA\) first broached this idea [that Bush \
)Tj
T*
(had advance knowledge] beforethe 2002 primary election, it was considere\
d )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(so nutty it helped make her )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(former )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(representative McKinney. Today the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Democratic presidential front-runner professes agnosticism as to whether\
)Tj
T*
(the president of the United States was tipped off about 9/11 by the Saud\
is, )Tj
T*
(and it goes unnoticed. The virus is spreading.)Tj
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(Writing several days after Dean's statement was broadcast, Krauthammer a\
ppeared )Tj
T*
(alarmed that Dean's statement had not evoked the same outcry that was ra\
ised against )Tj
T*
(Congresswoman McKinney. Just as she was convicted in the press and the c\
ourt of )Tj
T*
(public opinion of being too "nutty" to remain in office, Krauthammer was\
suggesting, the )Tj
T*
(press and the public should have taken Dean's statement as evidence that\
he, too, is unfit )Tj
T*
(for public office. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In alluding to Cynthia McKinney's defeat in 2002, Krauthammer was presup\
posing the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(conventional wisdom as to the "lesson" to be drawn from it -- namely, th\
at it is political )Tj
T*
(suicide for any candidate, even a Democrat, to raise the question of whe\
ther the president )Tj
T*
(had prior knowledge about the attacks of 9/11. An examination of the cir\
cumstances )Tj
T*
(surrounding McKinneys defeat, however, suggests that this might not nece\
ssarily be the )Tj
T*
(case. There are at least three factors to be taken into consideration. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(In the first place, McKinneys questions about 9/11 were conflated by the\
press with her )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(statements about the subsequent wars, with the result that it appeared t\
o most people that )Tj
T*
(she had charged not only that the president had specific foreknowledge o\
f the attacks but )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(that he had allowed them to happen for a very particular reason. A story\
in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Orlando )Tj
T*
(Sentinel )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(for example, claimed that McKinney had asserted "that President George W\
. )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(Bush knew about the 9-11 attacks in advance and did nothing to prevent t\
hem. Why? So )Tj
ET
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(that all his cronies could get rich on the subsequent military buildup."\
)Tj
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(46 A story in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-27.851 -1.33614 Td
(New York Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(said: "Ms. McKinney suggest[ed] that President Bush might have )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(known about the September 11 attacks but did nothing so his supporters c\
ould make )Tj
T*
(money in a war.")Tj
ET
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(47 As Greg Palast and others have shown, however, the idea that )Tj
-6.851 -1.33333 Td
(McKinney charged Bush with allowing the attacks for this reason resulted\
from an )Tj
T*
(illegitimate conflation of some of McKinneys statements. Palast even pre\
sents good )Tj
T*
(reason to believe that a similar conflation lay behind the belief that M\
cKinney had )Tj
T*
(charged the Bush administration with having had specific knowledge of th\
e attacks in )Tj
T*
(advance.)Tj
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(48 Palast argues, in fact, that McKinneys real position was similar to h\
is own, )Tj
-3.526 -1.33333 Td
(according to which several warnings had been given, so that the fact tha\
t the attacks were )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(not )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(anticipated in time to prevent them pointed to a massive intelligence fa\
ilure, for )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(which the president's policies were at least partly responsible.)Tj
ET
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(49 In any case, whatever )Tj
-24.64799 -1.33333 Td
(McKinneys actual intent, she was not presented to the public as having s\
imply suggested )Tj
T*
(that there should be an investigation of whether the Bush administration\
had prior )Tj
T*
(knowledge. There is, furthermore, a second reason why her electoral defe\
at does not )Tj
T*
(necessarily mean that making such a suggestion would be political suicid\
e, even for a )Tj
T*
(Democrat. In Georgia, voters in a primary election are allowed to "cross\
over," so that )Tj
T*
(registered Republicans, for example, can choose to vote in the Democrati\
c primary. )Tj
T*
(According to McKinney's account of what happened, another black woman, w\
ith )Tj
T*
(positions closer to those of the Republican party, was urged by Republic\
ans to run )Tj
T*
(against McKinney in the primary, after which "Republicans fed her campai\
gn coffers and )Tj
T*
(then 48,000 of them crossed over and voted for her.")Tj
ET
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(50 Although Georgia's voting laws )Tj
-21.09801 -1.33333 Td
(make it impossible to know how many cross-over voters there actually wer\
e, McKinney's )Tj
T*
(general claim is supported by John Sugg, senior editor of Atlanta's week\
ly paper, who )Tj
T*
(said: "Republicans crossed over in droves to vote in the Democratic prim\
ary.")Tj
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(51 )Tj
-31.2 -2.60281 Td
(Still another relevant fact concerns an online poll set up on April 17 b\
y the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Atlanta )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Journal-Constitution. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(The poll's question was based on the assumption that McKinney )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(had charged that the president had advance knowledge of the attacks. Peo\
ple were asked: )Tj
T*
("Are you satisfied the Bush administration had no advance warning of the\
September 11 )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(attacks?" Given the fact that the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(AJC)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
( was one of the newspapers that led the attack on )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(McKinney, the purpose of the poll was evidently to show that McKinney's \
charge had )Tj
T*
(little if any public support. But according to NewsMax.com\227a website \
that shared the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -1.2028 TD
(AJCs )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(hostility to McKinney\227only 52 percent responded affirmatively. Two pe\
rcent of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(the respondents chose the answer, "I'm not sure. Congress should investi\
gate," while the )Tj
T*
(other possible answer, "No, I think officials knew it was coming," was s\
elected by 46 )Tj
T*
(percent of the responders. Hence the title put on the story: "Poll Shock\
er: Nearly Half )Tj
T*
(Support McKinney's 9/11 Conspiracy Theory." The writer of this story, wh\
ich was )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(posted shortly after 3:30 PM, added: "Though over 23,000 )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Atlanta Journal-Constitution )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(readers had responded by midafternoon, the poll has been mysteriously wi\
thdrawn from )Tj
T*
(the paper's web site.")Tj
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(Such polls are not, of course, scientific. But this one does raise an in\
teresting question, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(which is what the results of a scientific poll taken in the United State\
s would be. No such )Tj
T*
(poll has been taken\227perhaps on the basis of the old advice: "If you d\
on't want to know )Tj
T*
(the answer, don't ask the question." But perhaps if such a poll were to \
be taken, we would )Tj
T*
(find that public opinion in America regarding the Bush administration's \
relation to 9/11 is )Tj
T*
(closer to public opinion in Germany than had been assumed. It is, at lea\
st, an interesting )Tj
T*
(question, which could be tested. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(In any case, these three facts\227that Cynthia McKinney's "charge" was d\
istorted, that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(apart from the cross-over vote she might not have been defeated, and tha\
t a remarkable )Tj
T*
(percentage of the people in the Atlanta area evidently believed already \
in April of 2002 )Tj
T*
(that "officials knew it was coming"\227suggest that her defeat does not \
necessarily prove )Tj
T*
(that it would be political suicide for any politician to point to eviden\
ce suggesting that )Tj
T*
(the Bush administration had foreknowledge of the attacks. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Be that as it may, the fact that the question of such foreknowledge was \
raised by a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(presidential candidate, whose question was then publicized by a prominen\
t journalist, )Tj
T*
(provides yet further evidence that an investigation into this very quest\
ion is needed. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.46948 TD
(Ellen Mariani's Complaint: )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(Still further evidence is provided by another recent event\227a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(lawsuit that makes a charge not wholly unlike the charge Cynthia McKinne\
y was thought )Tj
T*
(to have made.)Tj
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(53 On November 26, 2003, attorney Philip J. Berg held a news )Tj
-5.582 -1.33333 Td
(conference in Philadelphia to announce that Ellen Mariani, whose husband\
was on )Tj
T*
(United Airlines Flight 175, had filed a Federal Court Complaint against \
President Bush )Tj
T*
(and several members of his cabinet under the RICO \(Racketeer Influenced\
and Corrupt )Tj
T*
(Organizations\) Act.)Tj
ET
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(54 This Complaint alleges that George W. Bush \(GWB\) and other )Tj
-7.88699 -1.33333 Td
(officials-including John Ashcroft, Dick Cheney, Condoleezza Rice, Donald\
Rumsfeld, )Tj
T*
(and George Tenet\227are guilty "for 'failing to act and prevent' the mur\
der of Plaintiff's )Tj
T*
(husband, Louis Neil Mariani, for financial and political reasons" and th\
at they "have )Tj
T*
('obstructed justice' in the aftermath of said criminal acts and omission\
s.")Tj
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(55 In )Tj
-28.90401 -1.33333 Td
(elaborating on this summary charge, the Complaint says, among other thin\
gs: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Defendant GWB "owed a duty" not only to Plaintiff, but the American )Tj
T*
(People to protect and defend against the preventable attacks based upon \
)Tj
T*
(substamial intelligence known to Defendant GWB prior to 911" which )Tj
T*
(resulted in the death of Plaintiffs husband and thousands of other innoc\
ent )Tj
T*
(victims on "911."...)Tj
0 -1.61667 TD
(Defendant GWB has not been forthright and honest with regard to his )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(administrations pre-knowledge of the potential of the "911" attacks and \
)Tj
T*
(Plaintiff seeks to compel Defendant GWB to justify why her husband Louis\
)Tj
T*
(Neil Mariani died on "911."...[T]he compelling evidence that will be )Tj
T*
(presented in this case through discovery, subpoena power by this Court a\
nd )Tj
ET
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(testimony at trial will lead to one undisputed fact, Defendant GWB faile\
d to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(act and prevent "911" knowing the attacks would lead to our nation havin\
g )Tj
T*
(to engage in an "International War on Terror \(IWOT\)" which would benef\
it )Tj
T*
(Defendants both financially and for political reasons.... )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Plaintiff believes, Defendant GWB et al, allowed the attacks to take pla\
ce to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(compel public anger and outcry to engage our nation and our military men\
)Tj
T*
(and women in a preventable "IWOT" for personal gains and agendas.... )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(Special Agent Robert Wright wrote a memo on June 9, 2001, warning his )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(superiors, Defendant DOJ/FBI of the potential of terrorists hijacking ai\
rcraft )Tj
T*
(to attack the United States and two \(2\) months later, Defendant GWB's \
)Tj
T*
(National Security Advisor, Defendant Condoleezza Rice, acknowledged )Tj
T*
(that on August 6, 2001...she provided a written brief to Defendant GWB a\
t )Tj
T*
(his Texas ranch which warned "OBL" might try to hijack US aircraft. )Tj
T*
(Plaintiff... [has] a "right to know" why these reports provided Defendan\
t )Tj
T*
(GWB were not acted upon to prevent the most deadly attacks against our )Tj
T*
(nation since Pearl Harbor, which led us into World War II, as "911" is n\
ow )Tj
T*
(leading us into the never ending "IWOT." From the mountain of evidence )Tj
T*
(and the ongoing "secrecy" of Defendant GWB and his unwillingness to )Tj
T*
(cooperate with the "911 Commission," Plaintiff brings this RICO Act civi\
l )Tj
T*
(action to obtain justice for herself and husband Louis Neil Mariani and \
to )Tj
T*
(expose the "truth" to the American public as to the great betrayal )Tj
T*
(Defendants have inflicted upon each and every freedom-loving American )Tj
T*
(arising from the crimes prior to, during and after "911.")Tj
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(Besides providing copies of this Complaint, Berg also handed out an open\
letter to the )Tj
T*
(president from Ellen Mariani. In this letter, she says )Tj
T*
(Stop blocking the release of certain evidence and documents that were di\
scovered by the )Tj
T*
(9/11 Investigation Commission if you have nothing to hide proving you di\
d not fail to act )Tj
T*
(and prevent the attacks of 9/11. Your reason for not releasing this mate\
rial is that it is a )Tj
T*
(matter of "national security."...But...it is your personal credibility/s\
ecurity that you are )Tj
T*
(concerned with....)Tj
ET
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-7.13699 -1.33333 Td
(If this suit is allowed to go forward, which would mean that Mariani and\
Berg would )Tj
T*
(have subpoena power, it may begin to provide answers to the disturbing q\
uestions that )Tj
T*
(have been raised about 9/11. )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(This suit, along with the Dean-Krauthammer exchange and several recent p\
ublications, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(suggest that these questions will be raised with increasing frequency an\
d intensity. More )Tj
T*
(and more citizens will believe that the official account is a lie. The o\
nly solution )Tj
T*
(compatible with a democratic form of government is an investigation that\
finally )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(provides a credible account of what happened on 9/11. That this may need\
to be a )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(new )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -1.2 TD
(investigation has been further suggested by recent developments in relat\
ion to the 9/11 )Tj
ET
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(Independent Commission. )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
0 -2.46948 TD
(The 9/11 Independent Commission: )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(In spite of all the problems that have hobbled this )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(commission, many people, including leaders of the Family Steering Commit\
tee, had long )Tj
T*
(held onto some hope that it would finally provide answers to at least so\
me of the many )Tj
T*
(unanswered questions. But that hope has been undermined by further devel\
opments. )Tj
T*
(First, the previously discussed agreement by the commission to work out \
a deal with the )Tj
T*
(White House, instead of using its subpoena power, gave support to the ch\
arge that it )Tj
T*
(should be called "the 9/11 Coverup Commission.")Tj
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(58 Second, the commission lost its )Tj
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(most outspoken critical member, Max Cleland.)Tj
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(59 Third, the question of conflicts of )Tj
-18.804 -1.33614 Td
(interest was raised anew in mid-January by the revelation in a )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(story that )Tj
T*
(the commission had interviewed two of its own members, executive directo\
r Philip )Tj
T*
(Zelikow and commissioner Jamie Gorelick \(who was a senior member of the\
Justice )Tj
T*
(Department during the Clinton administration\). This revelation raised t\
he question with )Tj
T*
(special intensity because Zelikow and Gorelick are "the only two commiss\
ion officials )Tj
T*
(with wide access to highly classified White House documents." When asked\
about the )Tj
T*
(news that Zelikow had been interviewed, Kristen Breitweiser said: "He ha\
s a huge )Tj
T*
(conflict of interest," adding: "This is what we've been concerned about \
from Day 1." )Tj
T*
(Elaborating on this concern, she feared, she said, that the commission r\
eport "is going to )Tj
T*
(be a whitewash.'')Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(60 )Tj
-6.77499 -2.60001 Td
(A fourth blow to the hope that the commissions report will answer atleas\
t some of the )Tj
T*
(questions will be delivered if the commissions request foradditional tim\
e is refused. As )Tj
T*
(we saw earlier, commission members had long worried that the obstades cr\
eated by the )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(White House would make it impossible for them to complete their work )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(by )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(the end of )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(May. Late in January, die commission formally requested that it be given\
a few months )Tj
T*
(more so that its work could be, in the words of Timothy Roemer, "credibl\
e and )Tj
T*
(thorough." But the initial response to this request was negative. The co\
mmission )Tj
T*
(members should "be able to meet that deadline," said a spokesperson for \
the )Tj
T*
(administration, since "[t]he administration has given them an unpreceden\
ted amount of )Tj
T*
(cooperation.")Tj
ET
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(61 )Tj
-5.379 -2.60001 Td
(In an article about this response \(entided "What's Bush Hiding From 9/1\
1 )Tj
T*
(Commission?"\), Joe Conason said that from the outset "Mr. Bush has trea\
ted the )Tj
T*
(commission and its essential work with contempt," continually working "t\
o undermine, )Tj
T*
(restrict and censor the investigation of the most significant event of h\
is Presidency." )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Referring to a report in )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Newsweek )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(that the administration gave the commission the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(choice of meeting the May deadline or postponing release of the report u\
ntil December\227)Tj
T*
(which would be, of course, after the November elections\227Conason comme\
nted; "Mr. )Tj
T*
(Bush doesn't want his re-election subject to any informed judgment about\
the disaster )Tj
T*
(that reshaped the nation and his Presidency.")Tj
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(Nevertheless, in spite of the continued stonewalling, the commission, ac\
cording to the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(most recent reports as this book was going to press, was not planning to\
issue subpoenas )Tj
T*
(to President Bush, Vice President Cheney, or other administration offici\
als to require )Tj
T*
(mem to testify under oath. )Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(63 )Tj
-10.77699 -2.60001 Td
(These recent developments have evidendy been the final straw for at leas\
t some members )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(of the Family Steering Committee. According to a story in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
("The )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(commissions handling of the deadline has angered a group of relatives of\
Sept. 11 )Tj
T*
(victims, who argue that the panel has not been aggressive enough in dema\
nding more )Tj
T*
(time and in seeking key documents and testimony from the Bush administra\
tion." The )Tj
T*
(reporter then quoted Kristen Breitweiser as saying: "We've had it.... It\
is such a slap in )Tj
T*
(the face of the families of victims. They are dishonoring the dead with \
their irresponsible )Tj
T*
(behavior.")Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
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(64 Implicit in her statement would seem to be the conclusion that unless\
there )Tj
-4.157 -1.33333 Td
(is a radical change in the attitude and tactics of the 9/11 Independent \
Commission in its )Tj
T*
(final months, a new investigation will be needed if there is to be any h\
ope for discovering )Tj
T*
(the truth. )Tj
/TT2 1 Tf
0 -2.47 TD
(A 9/11 Truth Candidate)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
0 -2.46333 TD
(One more recent event reinforcing the need for a full investigation is t\
he emergence of a )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(presidential candidate running on this issue. This candidate, a Republic\
an named John )Tj
T*
(Buchanan, has said in a stump speech: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46666 Td
(I stand here as a 9/11 Truth Candidate and some may thus dismiss me as a\
)Tj
T*
(single-issue candidate and in a narrow sense that is true. But if you co\
nsider )Tj
T*
(that 9/11 has led us into fiscal ruin, endless war and constitutional tw\
ilight, )Tj
T*
(my issue is the mother issue of our age.)Tj
-2.66667 -1.61667 Td
(Saying that "[w]e have all been lied to about 9/11," Buchanan recited ma\
ny of the facts )Tj
T*
(reported in the present book. He then closed his speech by urging his he\
arers to support )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Ellen Mariani as "one of the heroes of this cause" and to read Nafeez Ah\
med's )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The War )Tj
T*
(on Freedom )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(and Paul Thompson's 9/11 timeline.)Tj
ET
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(>)Tj
0 0 0 rg
(65 )Tj
-19.485 -2.60001 Td
(Buchanan is highly critical of the mainline press for not questioning "t\
he scores of 9/11 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(lies and contradictions" or even telling the public that there are "stil\
l unanswered )Tj
T*
(questions." This same press may now be reluctant to tell the public abou\
t the existence of )Tj
T*
("a 9/11 truth candidate." But his very existence, combined with the fact\
that millions of )Tj
T*
(Americans will know about him through other sources, provides yet anothe\
r reason for )Tj
T*
(concluding that a full investigation, one that examines the evidence for\
official )Tj
T*
(complicity, is a necessity. )Tj
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(FOOTNOTES to Chapter 10: The Need for a Full Investigation)Tj
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/TT0 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 26.375 764.57779 Tm
(hint: )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(press the BACK-button on your browser to jump back to the original text-\
location)Tj
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/TT0 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 729.87688 Tm
(1)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 726.03688 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 2, 2002, cited in Thompson, "Timeline," August 2, 2002 )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 710.33597 Tm
(2)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 706.49597 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(August 3 and 24, and Associated Press, August 29, 2002, cited in )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
("Timeline," August 2, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 672.79504 Tm
(3)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 668.95505 Tm
("Bush asks Daschle to Limit September 11 Probes," CNN, January 29, 2002,\
quoted in )Tj
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(Ahmed, 133. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 635.25414 Tm
(4)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 631.41414 Tm
(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 22, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 615.71323 Tm
(5)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 611.87323 Tm
(Associated Press, January 27, 2003, cited in "Timeline," January 27, 200\
3. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 596.17232 Tm
(6)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 592.33231 Tm
(Time, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 26, 2003, quoted in "Timeline," March 26, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 576.63139 Tm
(7)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 32.375 572.7914 Tm
(Seattle Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(March 12, 2003, quoted in "Timeline," March 12, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 557.09048 Tm
(8)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 553.25049 Tm
(Philip Shenon, "9/11 Commission Could Subpoena Oval Office Files," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.39999 -1.2 Td
(October 26, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 519.54958 Tm
(9)Tj
15 0 0 15 32.375 515.70956 Tm
(UPI, February 6, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 500.00865 Tm
(10)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 496.16866 Tm
(David Corn, "Probing 9/11," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Nation, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(277/1 \(July 7: 2003\): 14-18, at 15. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 480.46774 Tm
(11)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 476.62775 Tm
(CNN, November 30, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 3, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(December 1, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Chicago Sun-Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 13, 2002, cited in "Timeline," )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(November 27, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 424.88467 Tm
(12)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 421.04468 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 29, 2002, cited in "Timeline," November 27, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 405.34377 Tm
(13)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 401.50375 Tm
(Newsweek, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 15, 2002, cited in "Timeline," December 13, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 385.80284 Tm
(14)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 381.96284 Tm
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 5, 1998, and Salon.com, December 3, 2002, cited in )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
("Timeline," December 13, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 348.26193 Tm
(15)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 344.42194 Tm
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 12, MSNBC, December 13, and )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Seattle Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(14, 2002, cited in "Timeline," December 13, 2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 310.72102 Tm
(16)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
15 0 0 15 38.375 306.88101 Tm
(Multinational Monitor, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 1997, and Associated Press, January 20, 2003. On )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Hess-Delta, see )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Boston Herald, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 11, 2001, cited in "Timeline," December )Tj
T*
(16,2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 255.13794 Tm
(17)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 251.29794 Tm
(CBS, March 5, 2003, and Associated Press, December 12, 2002, January 1, \
2003, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(February 14, 2003, and March 27, 2003, cited in "Timeline," December 13,\
2002. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 217.59703 Tm
(18)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 213.75703 Tm
(Associated Press, December 27, 2003; The 9/11 Independent Commission \(w\
ww.9-)Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(11commision.gov\), March, 2003; Corn, "Probing 9/11," 16. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 180.05612 Tm
(19)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 176.21613 Tm
(Corn, "Probing 9/11," 16. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 160.51521 Tm
(20)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 156.6752 Tm
(This call, made earlier, was implicidy repeated in the Family Steering C\
ommittees )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(press release of December 1, 2003, involving conflicts of interest \(see\
the website at )Tj
T*
(www.911independentcommission.org\). This committees concern about Zeliko\
w was )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(discussed in Philip Shenon, "Terrorism Panel Issues Subpeona to City for\
Tapes," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New )Tj
T*
(York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 21, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 68.88997 Tm
(21)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 65.04997 Tm
(Timothy J. Roemer, a former congressman from Indiana, quoted in Shenon, \
"9/11 )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Commission Could Subpoena Oval Office Files." )Tj
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(22)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 801.46365 Tm
("White House Accused of Stalling 9-11 Panel," Associated Press, October \
26,2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 785.76274 Tm
(23)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 781.92274 Tm
(Shenon, "9/11 Commission Could Subpoena Oval Office Files" )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 766.22183 Tm
(24)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 762.38182 Tm
(Ibid. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 746.68091 Tm
(25)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 742.84091 Tm
(Philip Shenon, "Deal on 9/11 Briefings Lets White House Edit Papers," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 14, 2003; Tim Harper, "Did Bush Know Before 9/11? Briefing Note\
s )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Mav Hold Key to Crucial Question," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Toronto Star, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(November 14, 2003. According to )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(later stories \(Philip Shenon, "Terrorism Panel Issues Subpeona to City \
for Tapes"; Eric )Tj
T*
(Lichtblau and James Risen, "Two on 9/11 Panel are Questioned on Earlier \
Security )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(roles," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 15, 2004\), the only commission officials to have access )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(to highly classified White House documents would be Zelikow and Jamie Go\
relick, who )Tj
T*
(was a top member of the Justice Department during the Clinton administra\
tion. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 601.01352 Tm
(26)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 597.17352 Tm
(Eric Boehlert, "The President Ought to be Ashamed: Interview with Max Cl\
eland," )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Salon.com, November 13, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 563.47261 Tm
(27)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 559.6326 Tm
(In the same interview, Cleland also, after saying that "the Warren Commi\
ssion blew )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(it," added: "I'm not going to be part of that. I'm not going to be part \
of looking at )Tj
T*
(information only partially. I'm not going to be part of just coming to q\
uick conclusions. )Tj
T*
(I'm not going to be part of political pressure to do this or not do that\
. I'm not going to be )Tj
T*
(part of that." Less than a month later, it was announced that Cleland wa\
s going to resign )Tj
T*
(from the commission to accept a position on the board of the Export-Impo\
rt Bank. Philip )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Shenon of the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(wrote: )Tj
2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Mr. Cleland's intention to resign from the 10-member commission has been\
)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(known since last summer, when Senate Democrats announced that they had )Tj
T*
(recommended him for a Democratic slot on the board of the Export-Import \
)Tj
T*
(Bank But the timing of his departure became clear only last week when th\
e )Tj
T*
(White House formally sent the nomination to the Senate. )Tj
0 -2.46666 TD
(His imminent departure from the panel has created concern among victims'\
)Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(family groups, because Mr. Cleland has been one of the commission's most\
)Tj
T*
(outspoken members and has joined with advocates for the families in thei\
r )Tj
T*
(criticism of the Bush administration. \(Philip Shenon, "Ex-Senator Will \
)Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Soon Leave 9/11 Panel," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 5, 2003.\))Tj
-2.66667 -2.46667 Td
(Suspicious minds might, of course, speculate that the White House speede\
d up the )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(nomination process because it would rather have the outspoken Cleland on\
the board of )Tj
T*
(the Export-Import Bank than on the commission investigating 9/11. In any\
case, a few )Tj
T*
(days later it was announced that Tom Daschle, the leader of the Senate's\
Democrats, had )Tj
T*
(selected Bob Kerrey, the former Democratic senator from Nebraska \(who h\
ad been vice )Tj
T*
(chairman of the Senate Intelligence Committee\), to replace Cleland \(Ph\
ilip Shenon, "Ex-)Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Senator Kerrey Is Named to Federal 9/11 Commission," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 9, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(2003\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 54.80521 Tm
(28)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 50.96521 Tm
(Shenon, "Deal on 9/11 Briefings Lets White House Edit Papers." )Tj
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(29)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 801.46365 Tm
(In saying that "everyone" should favor this, I mean, of course, everyone\
innocent of )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(complicity in the attacks of 9/11. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 767.76274 Tm
(30)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 763.92274 Tm
(The suspicious attitude toward the 9/11 Independent Commission held by m\
any of )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(those who have studied the evidence for official complicity is illustrat\
ed by an article that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(refers to it as "the 9-11 Coverup Commission." With regard to Kean himse\
lf, this article )Tj
T*
(predicted: "To ensure that the 9-11 Coverup Commission projects an image\
of at least )Tj
T*
('trying,' the commission's chairman Thomas H. Kean...publicly stated tha\
t the presence of )Tj
T*
(so-called agency minders \(or coaches\) was the same as 'intimidation' o\
f witnesses called )Tj
T*
(before the Commission.... Rest assured, however. Thomas Kean will do the\
Bush Cabal's )Tj
T*
(bidding and keep it all covered up" \(Conspiracy Planet. "9-11 Commissio\
n Covers Up )Tj
T*
(Bush Family Ties," www.conspiracyplanet.com/channel.cfm?ChannelID=75\). \
Kean's )Tj
T*
(agreement, after threatening to subpoena the White House, to allow it to\
edit the )Tj
T*
(presidential briefs could be seen as a fulfillment of this prediction, s\
o this agreement )Tj
T*
(probably increased the suspicion. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 550.22183 Tm
(31)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 546.38182 Tm
(Michael Meacher, "This War on Terrorism is Bogus," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 5, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 530.68091 Tm
(32)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 526.84091 Tm
(In response, one debunker, Jon Ungoed-Thomas, wrote: "However, logs comp\
iled by )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(the North American Aerospace Defense Command record that it learnt of a \
possible )Tj
T*
(hijacking at 8.40 AM. F-15 fighters were alerted immediately, were scram\
bled at 8.46 )Tj
T*
(AM and were airborne by 8.52 AM" \(Conspiracy Theories about 9/11 are Gr\
owing and )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Getting More Bizarre," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Sunday Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 14, 2003\). This conflict of opinion )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(reflects the fact, of which most people still seem unaware, that there h\
ave been two )Tj
T*
(versions of the official account on this matter. Meacher cited the first\
account \(whether )Tj
T*
(because it was the account he accepted or the only one he knew\), then U\
ngoed-Thomas )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
("refuted" him by citing the second \(perhaps because it was the only one\
)Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(he )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(knew\))Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(. )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(That )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(issue aside, there are several other problems with Ungoed-Thomas' attemp\
t to defend the )Tj
T*
(official account. First, in citing NORAD'S logs, he is relying on an acc\
ount provided by )Tj
T*
(one of the agencies that, according to most conspiracy theories, would h\
ave been party to )Tj
T*
(the conspiracy. Second, he repeats NORAD's claim that it was not notifie\
d until 8:40 )Tj
T*
(without mentioning the fact that this would mean that the FAA would have\
flagrantly )Tj
T*
(violated regulations by not notifying NORAD until 26 minutes after Fligh\
t 11's radio and )Tj
T*
(transponder went off. Third, he evidently sees no tension between claimi\
ng that NORAD )Tj
T*
(responded "immediately" and pointing out that it was 12 minutes until an\
y planes were )Tj
T*
(airborne. Fourth, he does not even mention the fact that NORAD, accordin\
g to this )Tj
T*
(second version of the official account, gave the scramble order to Otis \
rather than to the )Tj
T*
(much nearer McGuire Air Force Base. Fifth, he seems not to realize that \
even planes )Tj
T*
(coming the 170 miles from Otis should have reached New York City in plen\
ty of time\227)Tj
T*
(he simply repeats the standard line that it "was already too late to sto\
p the hijackers )Tj
T*
(flying into the World Trade Center." This article illustrates a widespre\
ad tendency of )Tj
T*
(debunkers to regard 9/11 "conspiracy theorists" with such disdain \(Ungo\
ed-Thomas )Tj
T*
(speaks of their "bizarre" theories and "grotesque distortions"\) that th\
ey can be easily )Tj
T*
(refuted even by someone largely ignorant of the facts. Then, having prov\
ided this )Tj
T*
(refutation, at least to his own satisfaction, Ungoed-Thomas asks: "Why d\
o so many )Tj
T*
(people cleave to these theories when there are such discrepancies and pe\
rfectly )Tj
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(reasonable explanations?" He answers this question by citing a psycholog\
ist who )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(explains that adherents of conspiracy theories "are driven by a thirst f\
or certainty in an )Tj
T*
(uncertain world." We can ignore 9/11 conspiracy theories, in other words\
, because they )Tj
T*
(are simply products of pathetic minds\227not of minds that have noticed \
conflicts between )Tj
T*
(the official account and the facts. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 715.05568 Tm
(33)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 711.21568 Tm
(Michael Meacher, "This War on Terrorism is Bogus," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 5, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 695.51477 Tm
(34)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 691.67476 Tm
(Ewen MacAskill, "Fury Over Meacher Claims," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(6, 2003.)Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
12 0 0 12 26.375 675.97385 Tm
(35)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 672.13385 Tm
(This statement is in the article by Jon Ungoed-Thomas quoted in note 32,\
above. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 656.43294 Tm
(36)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 652.59294 Tm
(The letters all appeared in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(on September 8, 2003; they were accompanied )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(by many letters denouncing Meacher. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 618.89203 Tm
(37)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 615.05203 Tm
(Michael Meacher, "Cock-Up Not Conspiracy," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Guardian, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 13, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 599.35112 Tm
(38)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 595.51111 Tm
(That this was a natural interpretation of his article is suggested by th\
e fact that Ian )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Johnson, whose )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Wall Street Journal )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(article is discussed next, said that Meacher had )Tj
T*
(written "a blistering attack...implying that Washington was involved in \
the attacks to )Tj
T*
(justify a more interventionist foreign policy." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 525.76804 Tm
(39)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 521.92804 Tm
(Ian Johnson, "Conspiracy Theories About September 11 get Hearing in Germ\
any," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Wall Street Journal, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 29, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 488.18497 Tm
(40)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 484.34497 Tm
(The English translation of the title of Andreas von B\374lows book would\
be "The CIA )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(and the 11th of September: International Terror and the Role of the Secr\
et )Tj
T*
(Services" \(Munich: Piper Vcrlag, 2003\). In Chapter 1. I quoted a 2002 \
statement by von )Tj
T*
(B\374low. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 414.64406 Tm
(41)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 410.80405 Tm
(Paul Donovan, "Why Isn't the Truth Out There?" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Observer, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(October 5, 2003 \()Tj
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(observer.guardian.co.uk/comment/story/0,6903,1054495,00.html\))Tj
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(. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 373.10313 Tm
(42)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 369.26314 Tm
(Michael Moore, )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Dude. Where's My Country? )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(\(New York: Warner Books, 2003\), 15. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 353.56223 Tm
(43)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 349.72223 Tm
(William Bunch, "Why Don't We Have Answers to These 9/11 Questions?" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Philadelphia Daily News )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(online posting, September 11, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 315.97916 Tm
(44)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 312.13916 Tm
("Diane Rehm Show," National Public Radio, December 1, 2003, quoted in Ch\
arles )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Krauthammer, "The Delusional Dean," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 5, 2003. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 278.39607 Tm
(45)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 274.55608 Tm
(Krauthammer, "The Delusional Dean." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 258.85516 Tm
(46)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 255.01517 Tm
(This story, written by Kathleen Parker, appeared in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Orlando Sentinel on )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(April 17, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2002; it is available at www.osamaskidneys.com/mckinney.html )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 221.31425 Tm
(47)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 217.47426 Tm
(This story, written by Lynette Clemetson, appeared in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(on August )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(21, 2002. For Greg Palast's criticism, see his "The Screwing of Cynthia \
McKinncy," )Tj
T*
(AlterNet, June 13, 2003 www.alternet.org/story.html?StoryID=16172 Palast\
quotes )Tj
T*
(Clemetson as saying, in response to his question as to where McKinney sa\
id this: "I've )Tj
T*
(heard that statement\227it was all over the place." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 129.77335 Tm
(48)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 125.93333 Tm
(On Pacifica radio on March 25, 2002, McKinney read a prepared statement,\
after )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(which she was interviewed \(the transcript is available at www.freerepub\
lic.com/ focus/)Tj
T*
(news/665750/posts\). In her prepared statement, after saying that the US\
government had )Tj
T*
(received numerous warnings prior to 9/11, she asked: "What did this Admi\
nistration )Tj
T*
(know, and when did it know it, about the events of September 11 ? Who el\
se knew and )Tj
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(why did they not warn the innocent people of New York who were needlessl\
y )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(murdered?" She also said, in a different paragraph, that "persons close \
to this )Tj
T*
(Administration are poised to make huge profits off America's new war." T\
hese )Tj
T*
(statements contain three distinct elements: \(1\) the question of what t\
he Bush )Tj
T*
(administration knew\227which referred back to her statement that "[w]e k\
now there were )Tj
T*
(numerous warnings of the events to come on September 11. Vladimir Putin,\
President of )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Russia, delivered one such warning"; \(2\) the suggestion that )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(some people )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(had )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(foreknowledge of the attacks of 9/11 and failed to issue a warning\227wh\
ich referred to her )Tj
T*
(earlier statement that "[t]hose engaged in unusual stock trades immediat\
ely before )Tj
T*
(September 11 knew enough to make millions of dollars from United and Ame\
rican )Tj
T*
(airlines, certain insurance and brokerage firms' stocks"; and \(3\) her \
assertion that some )Tj
T*
(persons close to the Bush administration would profit financially from t\
he US war on )Tj
T*
(terrorism. However, as her statements were repeated in the mainline pres\
s \(after they )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(were publicized by an April 12 story in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(under the headline )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
("Democrat Implies September 11 Administration Plot"\), these three eleme\
nts became )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(conflated. The conflation made by Kathleen Parker of the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Orlando Sentinal )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(on April 17 )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(was quoted in the text. On June 16. a show on NPR \(National Public Radi\
o\) claimed that )Tj
T*
(McKinney "suggested the Bush Administration may have known in advance ab\
out the )Tj
T*
(September 11 attacks and allowed them to happen in order for people dose\
to the )Tj
T*
(President to profit." To back up this claim. NPR played these words from\
the Pacifica )Tj
T*
(broadcast: "What did this administration know, and when did it know it, \
about the events )Tj
T*
(of September 11th? Who else knew, and why did they not warn the innocent\
people of )Tj
T*
(New York who were needlessly murdered?...What do they have to hide?" The\
problem )Tj
T*
(here is that the final question, "What do they have to hide?", came late\
r in the program, )Tj
T*
(during the interview. while McKinney was discussing the requests by both\
the president )Tj
T*
(and the vice president to Tom Daschle that he not have a Senate investig\
ation. By )Tj
T*
(quoting that statement out of context. NPR made it appear that the "they\
" in the prior )Tj
T*
(sentence\227the "they" who had specific knowledge about the events in ad\
vance\227referred )Tj
T*
(to members of the Bush administration. NPR then played another statement\
made during )Tj
T*
(the interview\227 "And so we get this presidency...requesting a nearly u\
nprecedented )Tj
T*
(amount of money to go into a defense budget for defense spending that wi\
ll directly )Tj
T*
(benefit his father." By conflating this statement with the earlier one, \
NPR made it sound )Tj
T*
(as if McKinney was charging that this was the presidents motive for allo\
wing the attacks )Tj
T*
(to proceed. For Palast's analysis of this conflation, see his "Re-Lynchi\
ng Cynthia )Tj
T*
(McKinney," July 21, 2003 \(www.gregpalast.com/detail.cfm?artid=232\). Pa\
last's analysis )Tj
T*
(is supported by John Sugg. Having said that the most infamous assault ag\
ainst McKinney )Tj
T*
("was the claim that she had questioned whether Dubya had knowledge of 9-\
11 before it )Tj
T*
(happened, and that he didn't act because his dad and cronies were going \
to make bundles )Tj
T*
(off the war machine," Sugg adds: "The truth was that McKinney quite accu\
rately )Tj
T*
(predicted\227months before it broke in the press\227that Bush had extens\
ive intelligence on )Tj
T*
(likely terrorist attacks and failed to act. And McKinney was equally acc\
urate in saying )Tj
T*
(that Bush insiders would reap windfalls from slaughter. However, nowhere\
did )Tj
T*
(McKinney ever link the two statements" \(John Sugg, "Truth in Exile: US \
Reporter )Tj
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(Breaks Bush Blockbusters\227on English TV," Creative Loafing. April 9. 2\
003 [ )Tj
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( ]\). )Tj
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(49)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 761.46365 Tm
(Palast, "Re-Lynching Cynthia McKinney." Palast agrees, incidentally, tha\
t McKinney's )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(statement is sufficiently ambiguous to be read in more than one way, but\
he argues that )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(this fact provides no excuse for the way it was used: "Can you read an e\
vil accusation )Tj
T*
(into McKinneys statement\227Bush planned September 11 attacks to enrich \
his daddy? Oh, )Tj
T*
(yes, if that's what you want to read. But reporters are not supposed to \
play 'Gotcha!' with )Tj
T*
(such serious matters. If a statement can be read two ways\227one devasta\
ting\227then )Tj
T*
(journalists have an obligation to ask and probe, and certainly not sprea\
d an interpretation' )Tj
T*
(as a quotation." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 619.76274 Tm
(50)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 615.92274 Tm
(Cynthia McKinney at Project Censored! October 4, 2003, available at www.\
oilempire.)Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(us/cynthiamckinney.html )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 582.22183 Tm
(51)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 578.38182 Tm
(John Sugg, "Truth in Exile." Sugg, whose Creative Loafing is one of the \
five largest )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(weekly newspapers in the nation, has added, in personal correspondence, \
"With no big )Tj
T*
(GOP race [that year], I'd guess the cross-over tally approached McKinney\
s estimate" \(e-)Tj
T*
(mail message of December 22, 2003\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 508.68091 Tm
(52)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 504.84091 Tm
("Poll Shocker Nearly Half Support McKinneys 9/11 Conspiracy Theory," New\
smax, )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(Wednesday, April 17, 2002 \(www.newsmax.com/showinside.shtml?)Tj
T*
(a=2002/4/17/144136 \). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 453.14 Tm
(53)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 449.3 Tm
(One big difference is the fact that in discussing motive, Marianis Compl\
aint speaks of )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(political \(as well as financial\) reasons. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 415.59909 Tm
(54)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 411.75909 Tm
(Berg's press release was reported at Scoop Media\()Tj
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(http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/)Tj
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(storics/WO0311/S00261.htm\))Tj
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(. I have learned from sources in Philadelphia that Berg, )Tj
0 -1.33333 TD
(formerly Deputy Attorney General of Pennsylvania, is a highly respected \
lawyer. He has )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(established a website for this case at )Tj
ET
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435.905 351.59909 l
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(http://www.911forthetruth.com)Tj
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( . )Tj
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(55)Tj
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(This Complaint is available at )Tj
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(http://nancho.net/911/mariani.html)Tj
0 0 0 rg
( \(as well as )Tj
-13.05 -1.33333 Td
(www.911forthetruth.com\). )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 296.51726 Tm
(56)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 292.67726 Tm
(This is actually an "Amended Complaint." The initial one, which was note\
d in a brief )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(story in the )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Philadelphia Inquirer on )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(September 23, 2003, had been filed on September )Tj
T*
(12. The Amended Complaint of November provides, it says, "newly discover\
ed )Tj
T*
(substantial additional facts." While being interviewed on Pacifica Radio\
on December )Tj
T*
(14, Mariani and Berg announced that due to still more facts and potentia\
l witnesses that )Tj
T*
(had been brought to their attention, they would be filing yet another ve\
rsion of the )Tj
T*
(Complaint. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 168.93419 Tm
(57)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 165.09419 Tm
(Mariani's letter is available at Scoop Media )Tj
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(http://www.scoop.co.nz/mason/stories/)Tj
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(WO031)Tj
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( l/S00262.htm as well as www.911forthetruth.com. )Tj
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(58)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 123.55327 Tm
(See note 30. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 107.85236 Tm
(59)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 104.01236 Tm
(See note 27. )Tj
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(60)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 84.47145 Tm
(Eric Lichtblau and James Risen, "Two on 9/11 Panel Are Questioned on Ear\
lier )Tj
-0.8 -1.2028 Td
(Security Roles," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 15. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 50.72838 Tm
(61)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 46.88837 Tm
(Dan Eggen, "9/11 Panel Unlikely to Get Later Deadline," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(Washington Post, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January )Tj
ET
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(19. 2004. )Tj
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(62)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 783.46365 Tm
(Joe Conason, "What's Bush Hiding From 9/11 Commission?" )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(The New York Observer, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(January 21, 2004. )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 749.76274 Tm
(63)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 745.92274 Tm
(Timothy J. Burger, "Condi and the 9/11 Commission," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(December 20. )Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(2003; Dan Eggen, "9/11 Panel Unlikely to Get Later Deadline"; Philip She\
non, "9/11 )Tj
0 -1.2028 TD
(Commission Says It Needs More Time," )Tj
/TT1 1 Tf
(New York Times, )Tj
/TT0 1 Tf
(January 28, 2004. )Tj
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(64)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 690.33966 Tm
(Dan Eggen, "9/11 Panel Unlikely to Get Later Deadline." )Tj
12 0 0 12 26.375 674.63875 Tm
(65)Tj
15 0 0 15 38.375 670.79875 Tm
(John Buchanan, "Speech to Manchester Support Group, 1/7/04" \(johnbuchan\
an.org/)Tj
-0.8 -1.2 Td
(news/newsitem.php?section=INF&id=1154&showcat=4\). Information about thi\
s )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(campaign is available at )Tj
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318.425 632.63875 l
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15 0 0 15 174.67999 634.79875 Tm
(http://johnbuchanan.org)Tj
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( and buchanan@nancho.net . )Tj
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567.625 619.79419 l
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(END OF MAIN TEXT )Tj
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("An extraordinary book. .. It is rare, indeed, that a book has this pote\
ntial to become a )Tj
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(force of history." )Tj
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(-- from the foreword By Richard Falk, human rights lawyer and Professor \
Emeritus, )Tj
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(Princeton University )Tj
T*
("[T]he most persuasive argument I have seen for further investigation of\
the Bush )Tj
T*
(administration's relationship to that historic and troubling event." )Tj
T*
(-- Howard Zinn, author of A People's History of the United States )Tj
0 -2.46667 TD
(Taking to heart the idea that those who benefit from a crime ought to be\
investigated, )Tj
0 -1.2 TD
(here the eminent theologian David Ray Griffin sifts through the evidence\
about the )Tj
T*
(attacks of 9/11\227stories from the mainstream press, reports from abroa\
d, the work of )Tj
T*
(other researchers, and the contradictory words of members of the Bush ad\
ministration )Tj
T*
(themselves\227and finds that, taken together, they cast serious doubt on\
the official story )Tj
T*
(of that tragic day. )Tj
T*
(He begins with simple questions: Once radio contact was lost with the fl\
ights, why )Tj
T*
(weren't jets immediately sent up \("scrambled"\) from the nearest milita\
ry airport, )Tj
T*
(something that according to the FAA's own manual is routine procedure? W\
hy did the )Tj
T*
(administration's story about scrambling jets change in the days followin\
g the )Tj
T*
(attacks? The disturbing questions don't stop there: they emerge from eve\
ry part of the )Tj
T*
(story, from every angle, until it is impossible not to suspect the archi\
tects of the official )Tj
T*
(story of enormous deception. )Tj
T*
(A teacher of ethics and theology, Griffin writes with compelling logic, \
urging readers to )Tj
T*
(draw their own conclusions from the evidence. The New Pearl Harbor is a \
stirring call )Tj
T*
(for a thorough investigation into what happened on 9/11. It rings with t\
he conviction that )Tj
T*
(it is still possible to search for the truth in American political life.\
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(David Ray Griffin has been Professor of Philosophy of Religion at the Cl\
aremont School )Tj
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(of Theology in California for over 30 years. He is the author and editor\
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