NEWSPAPER CLIPPINGS ON JFK ASSASSINATION

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: Records Related to the Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 00475350
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: June 6, 2025
• Document Release Date: June 12, 2025

1-10419-100271 29 APRIL 190 o J5511110201175 By JOSEPH VOLZ Washington, April 28 (News Bureau)�Former CIA Director Richard M. Helms was examined for hours today by the Rockefeller Commission about charges that the spy agency had carried out assassinations of foreign leaders. Afterward, the bitterly denounced a TV newsman who: had reported the story. t "As far as K know," he said, ion for a CIA plot aimed at Cuban Premier Fidel Castro. "the CIA was never responsible "I don't know why President for the assassination of any for- Johnson siad these things," eign leader. That is my honest Helms said. belief," Helms, now U.S. ambas- Helms said he had been quizz- sador to Iran, spent 3% hours ed on a wide range of subjects by the commission. He did not before the commission, the long- elaborate. However, the commis- before tha commission, the long- sion staff has had a chance to est time of any of the � 44 wit- analyze Helms' preivous testi- nesses who have -testified during inony and there may have i een some discrepancies that, !hey the panel's 16-week probe of the. wished to question him about agency. Helms was followed to the _ witness chair by the present CIA director, William E. Colby. Sees False Reporting � � CBS reporter Daniel Schorr of false reports concerning CIA in- Niolvenient in foreign assassin's Eons. It was Schorr who first ;reported that Presidetn Ford, was concerned that the CIA. investigation would disclose that the spy agency had a role in the assassination of three foreign leaders. "Killer Schorr! Killer Schorr!" Helms said loudly as he walked down the hallway with reporters, following his appearance before the Rockefeller commission. Later, during a press confer-1 ence when �Schorr asked a ques- tion on a subject unrelated to the assassinations, Helms would only reply: "I don't like some of the lies you've been putting on the air." Bristles at question Helms bristled when reporters asked him if there had ever been discussions in the CIA plotting the assassinations of foreign leaders. � "That's like asking me if I've stopped beating my wife," Helms said. "There were always discus- sions of everything. Two men may have sat in the State De- partment or the Defense Depart- ment and discussed things that may not be acceptable to the American people. That happens all the time." Helms was asked to comment on reports that former President; Johnson told several colleagues , he believed the assassination of John F. Kennedy was in retalia- � NEwSviE.F_X 5 MAY 1975 DID KISSINGER DEEP-SIX THE NEWS? Twice during the past year, Henry Kissinger squelched Pentagon plans to release information involving American and Russian submarines for fear the stories would damage U.S.-Soviet relations, according to Defense Department so-urces. The Pentagon insists � Kissinger blocked release of facts about the CIA effort to raise the sunken Russian sub in the Pacific and news : about a 1974 collision between the U.S. submarine James Madison and a Soviet sub in the North Sea. Defense officials were ready to take a bow for the , recovery of the Russian sub; most accidents at sea are routinely made public. ARAB TANKERS? Washington is trying to head off a new threat that could make another oil embargo even more pain- ful than the last The CIA has determined that oil- producing countries are now going all-out to buy tankers idled by the world's glut of oil. Fleet owners, who in the U.S. are hard-pressed even to find berthing space for un- _ used ships; are eager to sell. To avoid the possibil- ity of both oil and tankers in hostile hands, the Ford Administration is consider- ing new subsidies to the U.S. tanker industry to ensure, that vessels would be available in another embargo. i E;gytur - � L. ;-:,.:77,-i�,47,...-T-733;.,_,;c4,14 - HOWARD HUGHES. PROP. Howard Hughes, the phantom billionaire, has been , given a new code name at the Summa Corp., the Los! Angeles firm that is his corporate alter ego. Sumrnal executives refer to their sole owner, not by name, but! simply as "the stockholder." NEW YORK TIMES '29 APR 1975 Helms Terms Newsman' Killer' 1 1- - For Hint of Murders by C.I.A. WASHINGTON, April 28 (UPI) always discussions of. every- -Richard M. Helms, former, thing. Two men may have sat Director of Central Intelligence, ; in the State- Department or denounced a newsman today; the Defense Department and for reporting. charges that the 1:iiscussed things that may not Central. Intelligence Agencyihe acceptable to the American. i carried out the assassination ipeople. That happens all the I of foreign leaders. i time." 'Mr. Helms made the corn-1 I M hours before the Rockefelleri : 7 President 'Johnson told several Mr. Helms refused to corn-: ments to reporters after an, - appearance . of nearly th merit on reports that late ree commission�the longest ap.icialleagues that he believed the 'pearance by any: of the 44i assassination of President Ken- � witnesses who have testified:nedy in 1963 was in retaliation .during its 16-week investiga-ifor a C.I.A. plot .aimed at Pre- tion of the C.LA. mier Fidel Castro of Cuba. , The . target of Mr. Helms's' "I don't know why-President attack was Daniel Schorr, -thei Johnson said these things," Mr. CBS newsman, who first re-Mei:rt. s said. ported that President Ford was Besides being accused. of concerned that the C.LA..., in- plotting to kill the Cuban Pie- vestigation woul& reveal that!rnier. the C.I.A.. has allegedly the agency had a role in the; been involved in a plot to as- assassination � of at le-st three' sa-s;"ata President Francois. fOrei.p. leaders. . ' � IDuvalier of Haiti and in the "lulle.r Schorr! KiP.er Sol:cart as5assinations of Rafael L. Tru- Mr. Helms said loudly as he!ii:,.), head of the Dominican walked &wit the � hallway with I Republic,. and of Premier Pa- rcporters after his appearan.certri-p Lu:numba of the Congo. before the Presidential conumil Mr. Herms, now the .Unit-d. son that is headed by Vice', States Ambassador to Iran, was President Rockefeller. ' � ; � 'Director of Central Intelligence � Objects To 'Lies' . . .1from 166 to 1973. . . In a news conference later, L-: . addition. to the alleged � ; alsass.inations. the Rockefeller when Mr. Schorr asked a ouec� lion on a subject unre.iated;c-::::711:ssion is investigating re- to, the alleged assassinations,i Pc's-74 that, during the ant:war . . Mr. Helms would only answer; p.ro.:.ests in the late nineteen- "I like some of the Iles yesti've!saties. the C.I.A. was engaged, be-m putting on the aft-. I just:in a massive �domestic spying. want to say one thing�I don't I program that is.. illegal under know of any foreiim leader ."-he agency's charter- that was. ever assassinted byt Mr. Helms said his testimony; the e.t.A. That's my . honest "covered all kinds of subjects�I � �.rheri;can imagine." i Cuba, Vietnam�anything you Mr. Helms bristled l � belief." newsmen asked him if therel He . said he had spent two had ever been discussions infdays preparing With the staff; the C.I.A..plocting the assassin-: of the Rockefeller commission! � ations of foreign leaders. . land then appeared before the! ' "That's like asking me it full panel "for a reaffirmationi. I've stopped beating .:ny wifeiof what I covered with the! Mr. Helms . said. "There were staff.". . - .---- � - _,- _J jASHINGTOTI STAR I MAY 1975 GARRY WILLS A Word for Warren Commission It is time to say a word for the Warren Commission. Even those who believe that Oswald was the sole assassin of President Kennedy are beginning to grant that the Warren Commission did a bad job. They say we should "reopen the case." if for no other reason, just to resolve doubts caused by sloppy detec- tive work. But most doubts are caused by two classes of men� those who have not really read what the Warren Commission said and those whose doubts would not be resolved by the Sec- ond Coming (which they would treat as a CIA plot). The attacks on the Warren Commis- sion come from three main directions: 1. Some think the commission was part of the plot itself. These people are at least consistent. If one could mobilize all the resources most conspiratori4 theories demand, then controlling the commission should have been no prob- lem at all. But this, like most such theories, proves too much. If one can "control" a chief justice, a future presi- dent, a bunch of prominent lawyers- on the make, an attorney generarsvho hap- pens to be the assassinated man's broth- er, then one controls everything, and 'there is no .longer any need to hide � i.e., to be a conspiracy. . 2. Others think the CIA and/or the FBI bamboozled the commission � which is a rather touching exercise in credulity. Even if those agencies were efficient, they would have to tread care- fully where so many other factions and rival interests were at play � and where the results were going to be pub- lished in 26 volumes. But, of course, the record of both the FBI and the CIA is enough to make any criticism of the commission look like praise. If the con- spiracy depended on the FBI and the CIA, then Howard Hunt's whole career tells us what would have happened to it. 3. Others, by far the most numerous, think the commission just fumbled the job out of haste, incompetence or uncon- scious prejudices. Most of the evidence for this is the citing of "leads" that the , commission did not track down. In fact, many of these were tracked down, or .were patently false leads from the start. A fair example is Mark Lane's use of testimony by Nancy Perrin Rich. He de- voted a whole chapter of this book to this woman's bizarre tale. He neglected to tell the readers that the same woman appeared two other times, in two differ- ent places, to volunteer evidence to the commission. The investigators listened politely, though she told three totally differentstories. At one of these appear- ances, deliberately omitted from Lane's chapter, she took (and flunked) a poly- graph test. Ovid Demaris and I, back in.the60s, took Lane's advice and followed up this woman's testimony. We found that she was an unstable woman, had been in and out of psychiatric care and police stations, that she loved to "testify" about all her famous friends in mob trials and other celebrated crimes. We also found that Lane knew all this, that he told the Woman's husband he would not be able to make anything of her testimony. But he made an entire ten- dentious chapter out of one third of that testimony. � Here is a simple rule of thumb for dealing with conspiratorialists: If they question the integrity of the Warren Commission yet quote Mark Lane with approval, they are ifitellectually very ill-equipped or intellectually dishonest. Iles the state'� still fills us, with awe and horror. . . . ' Something deep inside us makes it � difficult for us to accept the Warren Conmaission's finding that the assassin 11111LADELFIILII. INUIER 30 APR 1975 Gnawing cynicism eopra . By SMITH BEMPSTONE � WASHINGTON -,- One of the conse- � .:quences of the Watergate disaster, like- the fall of Vietnam, clearly is going to be a reopening of the investigation of the. assassination of President Ken- nedy. This is less a matter of the availabil- � ity. of new evidence than the simple fact that; after Watergate, even rea- sonably normal people are no longer ' prepared to believe what their 'govern- mentor its creatures in this case, � the Warren Commission -- tell them. � Each of us can remember where we � were on that fateful morning or Nov. 22, 1963. � �: v assassination And while there have been king-kil- ,� ... And, especially light of lei, ever since there have been kings, was Lee Harvey Oswald and that he Watergate� cover-up (which- it,. of the enormity of the crime of regicide acted alone. Why? course could not anticipate), the War- , . . . �� the killing of the man who personi- � It is true that there are flaws, gaps ten G:inimission, out of a humane con- ----and-tin-answered (and- pertiaps unan- sideration for the sensibilities of the swerable) questions that arise. out :of the supposition that Oswald was killer, that he acted alone and that he was in no one's pay. Very little, for in- stance, has been done to establish a motive;' � � But it is equally true that there. are .1 �similar and in � most cases greater : !flavr3, &Ps and imansivered questions in all the other Mutually Contradictory:. bypotheses:. One at several killers in �the �pay tbi,CIA, the FBI, Big Oil,( the family Of Ngo Dinh Diem, the' .Mafia or, the KGB,. . - There baize.. been nearly '30 books -written On the subject of the Kennedy assassination. Many of. them seerrt plausible if you are prepared to substi- tute theory for fact, Supposition for by- � . . .The � . .Warren COnunissiOn, upon-, which President' Ford served: almost - certainly was well-intentioned, clearly was unwieldly and probably, in an et: fort to lay a national tragedy to rest, . acted too hastily. Despite. the enor- mous difficulties in 'establishing the partiCularly after Oswald's mi;ri Murder at the hand nf Jack Ruby, the commission coMpleted its bulky, disor- ganized 26-volume 'report within 10 months. in the the Kennedy family,' committed a terrible error in allowing evidence 'derived from the 'autoPsy to be sequestered. This, combined with sonie of the ad- mittedly bizarre aspeCts Of Oswald's: history .his sojourn in the Soviet Union, his alleged 'visits rte Cuba, the fact Of an FBI agent's-name appearing in the notebook he. Was carrying when arrested in Dallas only served to trigger the various- 'conspiracy theo- ries, : . ,There is no real reasen ta believe that a new investigation will bring us any ,closer to the truth about what hap; penecl and yrhy'on that sad ..and brilli- ant day in 'Dallas a dozen years ago. But the 'gnawing' cynicism about gov- ernment bred of Watergate makes it �important that the ease be reopened. ' Rep. 'Henry'Gonzalez of Texas, who Is asking for just that, ought to have his way, even if in the end, we know very. little more than we do at present. HUMAN EVENT: 3 MAY 1.9T5 Book Review . , Dnr3r 17.1f7e f\"""C`..yr..erlinn out .,�;e1 J iZ)Z;r111i41.14111 By CARL A. KEYSER On November the Ngos were over- The pl.:I-ilk:it., blurb for "Irlie Tears of .-Li(unin states that. in addition to being' thrown. The following day, Diem and )me...k hat of a world traveler, its, author, Nhu, hands cuffed behind them, were Charles IcCarry, was chief speech shot. The Tiger Lady said, "If you have N riter for Henry Cabot Lodge in the the Kennedy Administration for an ally,. 1960 campaign. Since Henry Cabot you don't need an enemy." Lodge is remembered more for having- Twenty days after the murders in Sai- slept through the campaign than for gon there was a murder in Dallas. The having made rousing speeches, this credit Tiger Lady, bitter over the earlier assas- would better have remained unmen.. sination of her husband and her brother-: tioned. in-law, commented that justice had been: Interestingly, Henry Cabot Lodge is served, or words to that effect. also remembered as being in charge of ' JFK's Saigon bungle which resulted in the murders of the .brothers Diem and Nhu. .All of which brings us back to The � Tears of Autumn. . - A rumor in Saigon at the time of the coup held that the Ngp Dinhs were. liqui- dated because they were playing footsie with Hanoi. McCarry devotes three lines to this, which is about two lines more f than it deserves. The rumor, however, i. convinced some -doubters on the scene ,� that the assassinations were justified. In order to explain why the avengers were busy recruiting Oswald in late Sep- The real reason the Ngos were ternber one month before they had any- removed is that the Knights of Camelot thing to avenoe, NIcCarry has to intro- were persuaded to believe that Diem was duce horoscopes. oeomantics and other no more than a self-seeking -petty dicta- astrological nonsense. This business tor and Nhu was a mere chief of a brutal secret police forte. Not much imagina- tion is needed to guess the source of this characterization. The usual charges of corruption. Swiss bank accounts and police brutality were made, and the Knights succeeded in convincing Presi- dent Kennedy that this appraisal was accurate. Diem and Nhu had to go.. A plot in August had failed, but the one in November would not. In the meantime, an embarrassing visitor showed up in the United States. � The Tiger Lady, the glamorous wife of .Nhu and President Diem's state hostess, Anatoli A. Gromyko (yes, Andres arrived from Europe where she had been , son) in his Through Russian lEyes. warmly received. (Even in Communist dent Kennedy's 1.036 Days asks the Yugoslavia at the Parliamentary Con- question, "How could it happen that the eress she was given a 4anding ovation.) ... apparent perpetrator of . the crime Official Washington, from the President was liquidated literally before the eyes on down, constrained by guilt and shame of eVeryone, and, naturally, can no longer over the as-yet unexecuted conspiracy, furnish evidence?" did not greet her. The State Department acknowledged her presence, however, The jacket of McCarry's book hints by calling a conference of editors urging that it should be taken seriously. Come that she be buried on page 22. CBS now. If that's the case, then McCarty responded by canceling her appearance joins Harold Weisberg, Thomas on "Face the Nation," and the press gen- Buchanan. Fred Cook, Sylvan Fox. erally showered her with derision. Edward Epstein, and a host of others who have advanced their own, sometimes wild, theories of what really happened in Dallas. McCarry has expanded this theme, using an ex-CIA man as his vehicle for running. down yet another "true" Story of Kennedy's death, how the � Ngo family avenged the murders of Diem how wzis � ho+. 4mi kuny wIts1. recruited to 'eliminate ; Oswald. The tale is gripping and im- plausible' enough to make a good movie script. enables the avengers to outdo even Jeanne Dixon. They are able to predict not -only that they will have something to avenge, but who they will have to kill (JFK)-, where (Dallas), and when (No- vember 22). McCarry also suggests that the Rus- sians recruited Ruby (courtesy of the Mafia, but without the Godfather's O.K.) to kill Oswald and thereby "take the heat off" themselves. If this is what the Russians were interested in. it is the least thing they would have done. If McCarry's story is taken simply a. a Day of the Jackal tale, it's pretty good reading, though not a masterpiece. Met- aphors are blurred and similes strained. The reader grows Weary, occasionally wary, of pompous name dropping, not so much of people as of wine, food and . places. � Programed sex, a la Masters and John- son, intrudes as an extraneous distrac- tion in .imitation of today's crummy literature. The hero's character is not entirely even. He is both a good guy and a CIA man, a currently extinct species. He wouldn't think of using a gun, but he is not beyond asking�his agents to use a . little close-range bird shot in the face, said not to be fatal but capable of much gore, temporacv blindness and "a lot of pain and shock." You'd better believe it. � He wouldn't support a regime that tor- tures, political prisoners, yet he isn't above kidnapping and torturing his Own victims. He is an "entirely sentimental" man, interested solely in the facts, ma'am... Yet he manages to develop a Maudlin - middle-Class itfection for his erstwhile bedmate of convenience as well as a senti- mental passion for his dead President and his country. Even ex-CIA men can't be all bad. McCarry solves all the mysteries. sur- . rounding the deaths of Diem, Nhu and Kennedy excepting one. Who in the world did E. Howard Hunt expect to convince, who wasa't already convinced. when -he it 's no -\fer ail. John Dear: answer that one.: Prof. Keyser was born in Washington. D.C..' .E�a: escaaed unharmed w New England, where he has tiled since iC4h. His moral decline started' "hen he be,:cme an assistant dean of a college. Undaunted. he managed to work himself down to: Commont,eakh Professor Emeritus and retired in 1C.5:3 from the University of Massachusetts when shouting and shooting again seemed imminent. WASHINGTON STAR 30 APRIL 1975 Colonel Claims Plot Against Castro Associated Press The CIA airlifted a two-. man assassination team -into Cuba in an unsuccess- ful attempt to kill Premier Fidel Castro, a retired Air Force colonel says. L. Fletcher Prouty said yesterday that in "late 1959 or early 1960," while serv- ing in the Defense Depart- ment's Office of Special Operations, he handled a CIA request for a small, specially equipped Air Force plane that was used to land two Cuban exiles-on a road near Havana. The two exiles were "equipped with a high� - powered rifle and telescopic sights" and "knew how to get to a building in Havana � which overlooked a building. where Castro passed daily," Prouty, now an offi- cial with Amtrak, said in a telephone interview. THE PLANE, an L28 "heliocourier," returned safely to Eglin Air Force Base in Florida, Prouty said, but the "Cuban exiles as far as I know were pick- ed up between where they were left off and town." He said that one of the would-be assassins was named Oscar Spijo and that the plane had been flown by "mercenaries" on the CIA payroll. Prouty added that he -knew of "one or two" other assassination attempts to against Castro following the Bay of Pigs but said he did not know the details of those missions because he had not worked on them di- rectly. Prouty retired from the ' Air Force in 1963 and has since written a book called "The Secret Team," detail- ing his experiences as Air Force liaison with the CIA. Asked why he had waited until now to come forward with his story. Prouty said he had become incensed at the verbal abuse directed at CBS newsman Daniel Schorr on Monday by for- mer CIA Director Richard M. Helms. E-- HAVING JUST emerged from 31/2 hours of question- ing by the Rockefeller Commission, Helms de- nounced Schorr with pro- fanities and referred to him as "Killer Schorr" for re- porting that the "CIA goes around killing people." � � Schorr has reported on a. number of occasions that ' President Ford is concern- ed that an unlimited investi- : gation of CIA activities could uncover agency in- ! volvement in foreign assas- sinations. "It got me a little upset," Prouty said of Helms' at- i tack on Schorr, adding that he was "positive" Helms knew about the mission. At the time, Helms was an assistant to CIA Deputy Director of Plans Richard Bissel. But Prouty said Bis- sel was preoccupied with di- recting U2 flights over the Soviet .Union,.--leaving Helms in almost total con-.; trol of clandestine opera� - tions against Cuba. Helms, who succeeded ' Bissell as head of the agen- cy's so-called "dirty tricks" department and headed the � CIA from 1966 to 1973, told reporters Monday that "as far as Ilmow the CIA was : never responsible for the assassination of any foreign leader." a statement which technically does not rule out the possibility of an unsuc- cessful attempt on Castro's life. HELIViS ALSO was asked if there had been any dis- cussions of assassinations. He replied that "in govern,. lr sS to Cuba? ment there are always dis- cussion S of everything under the sun." When a reporter respond- ed that Helms hadn't an- swered the specific ques- tion, Helms snapped back: "I'm not trying to answer your question." Bissell, who left the agen- cy following the Bay of Pigs fiasco, said in a recent, interview that there had been high-level discussions. about killing Castro but that plans had been vetoed by then-CIA Director Allen Dulles. WASHINGTON POST 30 APRIL 1975 Held as Spy � WEST BERLIN � A 29- - year-old West German who worked as a chauffeur for the United States military authorities here has been ar- rested on suspicion of spy- ing for an East European country, a Justice Ministry spokesman said. The man, Werner Schalitz, was carrying plans of U.S. installations, information about military personnel and a forged Swiss pasport when police arrested him last Thursday, the spokes- man 'said. Schantz has re- p.ortedly denied the accusa- tion. , til,..1.111.4.4.G11.1...-C /.0 y V4,0 t � Castro Death Plot ed Linked to '62 Crisis By George- Lardner Jr; VashIngtOn Post Staff :Writer A once. high-ranking ne. fense Department Official said yesterdarthat he draft- ed 'contingency Plans for t dealing with the l62 Cuban missile crisis that "may" have included Fidel Castro's assassination. ..The former official, Maj. Gen. Edward G. Lansdale, (USAF-retired), hinted strongly, but refused to con- firm, that the orders to draw up the plans came from the late Attorney Geri' eral Robert F. Kennedy. An expert in tbunterinsUr- gency tactics Ailith long ex- perience in South Vietnam-, and the Philippines, Lans.; dale said he was told to do "some planning for the Pres- ident's consideration" about how to deal with Castro in light of reports that Soviet- made nuclear missiles were about -to be installed in Cuba. - .1 He said it was quite pos- sible .that the assassination of .Castro was among the op- tions he listed in a subse- quent memo, but he said he no longer had a copy of the memo and thus could not definitely recall whether he included that in his sugges- tion!. Lansdale insisteci, how- ever, thatTheither President. � EDWARD G. LANSDALE ... hints RFK role Kennedy or any other Ken- nedy ever gave me any or- ders to plan the assassina- tion of Castro." "All I was doing was to try to respond and come up See CASTRO, A4, Col. '7 \ youu. �,........ _ Cuban premier. One of the schemes, ac- 011 � an Aug. 10, 1962, x 1 of a special group at c Castro's assassinatic discussed but dismiss According to the ated Press, the meet: attended by then-Se of Defense Robert 1 Namara; Dean Rus! S Secretary of State; . p McCone, then CIA c c: and McGeorge Bund! dent Kennedy's adv national security Robert Kennedy, tl member of the group, was reporte sent. Listed as a top a to McNamara at th Lansdale was told a meeting to come 1 proposals, as he put: "what to do with a who had threaten lives of millions of cans by placing aimed at this count Responding to (11 Lansdale said the came not from b1( but from "someon more intimate" m President ertAs redtinedwhey,ther it he s the signs point to ti they?" He declinc ever, to be more y "s'I don't want to a sort of smearb right now for any ai sans,o"r any politic Lansdale sal _ He said he nil: listed Castro's assz \as a possibility, , "if I saw a lot of lives at stake and that could run int( lions." But he sai _.positive that 'I r any part in plan oetaus. \Similarly, Lans he did' not recall he sent his mem( ii;ii ti 1c5g :g- bed r�ap- . niat pcad fl S c, rce trIA. o.ime afia ave drafted his plans iat, -fter .14/1) 31 lli*eath PIOE Tied to, Crisis' CASTRO, From Al with what was practical and what wasn't," he said in a telephone interview. "Who knows? I might have listed all sorts of possibilities and that [Castro's 'assassination] might have been one of them." � Castro has said that� re- peated attempts were made on his life and the lives of other high-ranking Cuban officials�some of them en- - gineered by the Central In- telligence Agency�after he bcbame premier in 1959. livestigations of the CIA novr under way have also compiled mounting evidence that both President John F. Kennedy and his brother, Robert, who were later cut down by assassins, were well aware of proposals to kill the Cuban leader. High-ranking officials of the Eisenhower administra- tion are also believed to have been involved in ear- lier assassination schemes. A source close to the Rockefeller commission, which is investigating CIA violations of domestic law, said yesterday that there were not only repeated high- level discussions of Castro's 'assassination during the Eisenhower and Kennedy administrations, "but there's also evidence of overt acts �overt, covert acts, I guess you'd call them"�to kill the Cuban premier. One of the schemes, ac- cording to other informed sources, involved the CIA's recruiting of Mafia figures Sam Giancana, who had pre- Castro interests in Cuba, and Johnny Roselli, Gian- cana's West Coast lieuten- ant, during the waning days of the Eisenhower ad- ministration. Although he was apparent- ly not aware of any plot against Castro, the late J. Edgar Hoover, then direc- tor of the FBI, alerted Robert Kennedy in May, 1961, 'that the CIA was in- volved in backstage dealings with the Mafia. A warning memo from Hoover, sources said, was apparently prompted, by the FBI's discovery in the fall of 1960 of the 'CIA-sponsored surveillance of comedian Dan Rowan, a rival with Giancana at the time for the affections of singer Phyllis McGuire. Robert Kennedy reported- ly responded to the secret Hoover memo by ordering that it be "followed up vig- orously." The Attorney Gen- eral was eventually briefed by top CIA officials, ap- parently in 1962, on what Giancana and Roselli had done for the agency. The Attorney General's only response, one source said, was to tell the CIA representatives, "next time you deal with the Mafia come to me first." Lansdale was said to have drafted his plans later, after an Aug. 10, 1962, meeting of a special group at which Castro's assassination was discussed but dismissed. According to the Associ- ated Press, the meeting was attended by then-Secretary of Defense Robert F. Mc- Namara; Dean Rusk, then Secretary of State; John A. McCone. then CIA director, and McGeorge Bundy, Presi- dent Kennedy's adviser on national security affairs. Robert Kennidy, the fifth member of the special group, was reportedly ab- sent. Listed as a top assistant to McNamara at the time, Lansdale was told after the meeting to come up with proposals, as he put it, about "what to do with a leader who had threatened the lives of millions of Ameri- cans by placing' missiles aimed at this country." Responding to questions, Lansdale said the orders came not from McNamara but from "someone much more intimate" with the President. ( Asked whether it was Rob- ert Kennedy, he said, "All the signs point to that, don't they?" He declined, how- ever, to be more precise. "I don't want to get into a sort of smearing thing right now for any individu- als or any political parti- sans," Lantdale said. He said he might have 'listed Castro's assassination as a possibility, especially "if I saw a lot of American lives at stake and casualties that could run into the mil- lions." But he said he was positive ,that "I never had any part in planning any aeLaus. Similarly, Lansdale said he did' not recall to whom he sent his memo, nor did he know whether President Kennedy ever saw it. Lans- dale agreed, however, that '-he doubtless dispatched a copy to the official who told him to draw up the plans. The Cuban missile crisis ended on Oct. 28, 1962, when Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev announced that he had ordered a stop to work on the Cuban bases and was having the missiles crated and returned to the Soviet Union. Lansdale said that none of his suggestions "came to any fruition." At the same time, other accounts suggest that the idea of Castro's as- sassination was not at all new to the White House. Watergate burglar E. How- ard Hunt Jr., a former CIA officer, has said he proposed it in the spring of 1960, during the early planning for the Bay of Pigs invasion. A former Defense Depart- ment intelligence officer, L. Fletcher Prouty, has said the- CIA dispatched a two-man assassination team to Cuba even earlier than that, also while Eisenhower was Presi- dent. According to journalist Tad Szulc, then with The New York Times, President Kennedy raised the thought with him during a private conversation 'in November, 1961. Szulc said he told him it was a bad idea and quo- ted Kennedy as responding: "I'm glad you feel that way because suggestions to that effect keep coming to me, and I believe very strongly that the United States should not be a party to political assassination." The Rockefeller Commis- sion is expected to deal with the controversy in its forth- coming report to President Ford. -- NEW YORK TIKES 1 MAY 1975 PLOT TO KU �CASTRG-DESCRIBED Agency Flew 2 A bd.bbIlIS to Cuba, Ex-Colonel Says..., WASHINGTON, April 27, (AP) --The Central � Intelligence �Agency flew a two-man assas- sination team into Cuba in an unsuccessful attempt to kill .Premier Fidel Castro, a retired Air Force colonel said Tuesday. The colonel, L. Fletcher .Prouty, said that in "late .1959 or early 19607' while he was serving in the-Defense Depart- ment's Office of Special Opera- tions, he handled a C.LA:. re- queit for a 'small, specially equipped Air Force plane that was used to land two Cuban exiles on- a road near . Ha- vana. The two exiles were "equipped with a high-powered rifle and telescopic- sights"- and "knew how to .get to a building in Havana which overlooked a building where Castro passed daily," Colonel Prouty, now an official with Amtrak, said in a :telephone interview. I The plane,- an � L-28 "helm- courier," returned--.-safnly to Egiin Air-Force Base in Florida. he said, but the "Cuban exiles as far as I know were picked Up between where they were eft off and Havana."' . He said that � one, of the would-be assassins was named Oscar Spijo and. that the plane had been .flovid 'by "mercen- aries" on the 'C.I.A. � payroll . Colonel Prouty added that he knew of "one or two" other assassination attempts- against the Cuban Premier after -the Bay of Pigs operation id 1961. but said he did not know ,the details of those missions .be- cause he had not worked on them directly. Colonel Prouty retired from the Air Force in 1963 and has since written a book called' 'The Secret Team," detailing his experiences as Air Force liaison with the C.I.A. [The book did not include the Castro assassination report.] Asked why he had waited until now to come forward with his story, Colonel Prouty said 'he had become incensed at the verbal abuse directed Monday at Daniel Schorr, a CBS newsman, by Richard M: Helms, former Director of Cen- tral Intelligence. Mr. Helms, who had just emerged from three and a half hours of questioning by the Rockefeller commission, � de- nounced the newsman and re- ferred to him as "Killer Schorr" for reporting that the "C.I.A. goes around killing people." Mr. Schorr has reportea on a number of occasions that President Ford is concerned that an unlimited investigation of CIA. 'activities could un- cover agency involvement in foreign assassinations. . "It got me a little upset," Colonel Prouty said of Mr. Hekris's criticism of Mr. Schorr, adding that he was "positive" Mr. Helms know about the mission. At the time, Mr. Helms� now the United States Ambas- sador to-Iran--was an assistant to Richard Bissel, then . the' agency's deputy director of plans. But Colonel Prouty said Mr. Bissell was preoccupied with directing U-2 flights over the Soviet Union, leaving Mr. Helms in almost total control Helms in almost -total con- trol of clandestine operations against Cuba. bfr. Bissell, Who left the agency after the Bay of Pigs operation, said in a recent in- terview- that there had been high-level discussions about killing. the Cuban Premier but that the plans had been vetoed by Allen Dulles, then Director of Central Intelligence.- NATIONAL GUARDIAN 9 APRIL 1975 tn.!'" �-� %. _Warren Commission, 1964. Rep. Gerald Ford [R-Mich.lon left. LL- _ fl P-11 IIMIT �.1LA 14a-1-,14eau By JOSE TORRES Li the wake of the Watergate and CIA exposures, another "skeleton" in the ruling class' "closet" is being exposed to the light of day. These exposures, together with the current crisis of imperialism, have tindermined the government's credibility to U i such an extent that the American people no longer take anything for granted. The most recent victim of Cie credibility gap is the Warren Commission's "official" version of the assassination of President John F. Kennedy in Dallas almost 12 years ago. According to a recent Gallup Poll, a majority of Americans no longer believe the Warren Commission's report which concluded that Lee Harvey Oswald was the sole assassin. The disbelief, combined with charges tit& the CIA was responsible for � the stsissinationt has even led the Rockefeller Commission on the CIA to take up the question of the agency's role in the assassination. Political activist Dick Gregory, who says he has evidence linking the CIA to Kennedy's death, has testified before the commission headed by Vice President 'Rockefeller. Gregory claims that E. Howard Hunt was caught by Dallas police at the site of .the assassination minutes after it happened. Hunt, convicted two years ago in connection with the. Watergate bugging, was a CIA agent at the time Kennedy was killed. Gregory's case( rests on a photograph published last year in underground newspapers which allegedly shows Hunt and Frank A. Sturgis. also convicted in connection with Watergate and believed to have been a CIA employe, being led away by Dallas policemen from a grassy knoll across the street from the Texas school book depository. Oswald allegedly shot the president from the depository, as ' the presidential motorcade had passed by. Many who challenge the Warren Commission account contend that the fatal shots were actually fired from the grassy knoll area, somewhat to the side and in front of the approaching presidential motorcade. Film footage taken by an amateur photographer of the assassination. anc shown recently over national television, shows the president's head jerking bad violently, suggesting that at least one shot came from in front of the motorcade, not behind. Many different pieces of "evidence" havc been put together by individuals over the years. The latest "proof" is rased or analysis of tape recordings of Oswald's voice by a new device, used to a certain extent b.1 some law enforcement agencies, that car determine the truth or falsehood or r person's statements much like .a polygrapi (lie detector). Oswald's statements u television and radio reporters after he was it custody of police that he was not responsiblt for the Kennedy assassination were analyzed and the results showed that he wa! telling the truth. The: assassinations of not only Joht Kennedy but also Robert Kennedy ant leaders of the people's movements� Malcolm X. Fred Hampton, and Marti: Luther King�was the subject of r conference on the "Politics of Conspiracy' � held in Boston early this year. Th. conference brought together over. 150i people from every section of the country ant was sponsored � by the Cambridge Mass.-based Assassinations Investigation. Bureau (AIB). Though generally united 01 purpose, the conference reflected difference in views between those who pu forward a conspiracy theory of history am those with an anti-imperialist perspective. ht si- o- in at te e. ;o :o el ch ut as - n- to in �Washington Star Photographer Joseph Silverman F. Scott Fitzgerald's grave site in Rockville, Md. F Scott Fitzgerald to Get His Wish Associated Press The remains of F. Scott Fitzgerald and his wife, Zelda, will be moved next month to a Roman Catholic cemetery in Rockville that 35 years ago rejected the famous author as unsuit- able for burial there. Fitzgerald, author .of "The Great Gatsby," "Tender is the Night" and "This Side of Paradise," told friends he wanted to be buried in St. Mary's Ceme- tery, where his Rockville- born father was buried in 1931. But when the author died in 1940 at the age of 44, his request was denied by the Catholic Church on grounds that he was not a practicing Catholic and that his books were not the kind of reading material that found favor with church officials. The author's body was buried instead in an incOn- spicuous grave in the Rock- ville Cemetery, also known as the old Union Cemetery, across the road from St. Mary's. ZELDA FITZGERALD, who died in a North Caroli- na sanitarium, was buried next to her husband in 1948. For 35 years the grave has been a shrine for stu- dents of literature, Fitzger- ald admirers, old romantics and young lovers. People still place flowers and deliver cards and occa- sional wedding announcements to the gravesite, now shrouded by pines and oaks. Lettering on the square headstone has been worn down by the weather. kockefeller Asks U.S. Move After N.Y.C. Reduces Debt � By Steven R. Weisman New York Times News Service NEW YORK � Vice _President Nelson A. RO6ke- 'feller last night called for swift congressional action to assist New York City, Once Mayor Abraham D. -learne and the new State l-mergency Financial Con-- on the question of assist- ance to New York City, the White House spokesman "Ill -let you be the Judge of that." ROCKEFELLER did not say how much of the also , city's $,800 million defjcit would 11; - to be elinknated . ""f make "politically unpopu- lar decision' to restore the city to fiscal ;soundness. ROCKEF LLER'S Oeedh� marked the, first time that aiy high federal official has Jtaken note of the state's and the city'stf- forts thus fir as leading to "a solid base" for restoring Speaking of the present gravesite, Frances Fitzger- ald Lanahan Smith, Fitz- gerald's daughter, said in a letter to Rockville officials: "For 35 years the grave has remained uncared for and hopelessly unaccessible to the interested public. "WE HAVE ARRANGED to move the remains from the old Union Cemetery to the family plot in St. , Mary's." � According to a priest at St. Mary's Church, Mrs. Smith received permission for the move from the Cath- olic Archdiocese of Wash- ington. ' Msgr. John 'Donahue, chancelloi. of the arch- diocese, granted the re- quest because, according to a spokesman, "other mem- bers of the family were already interred at the (St. Mary's) site." Mrs'. Smith, a Washing- ton resident, -could not be reached for comment. She will be hostess at a lunch- eon Nov. 7 following a graveside service to mark the moving of the Fitzger- alds' remains a militant g tional State plans to r �President a -level official THE KL. was not na port, was in awaiting tri of auto thE Service said ed the Klar trying to sti would reduc 'charges he action was Klansman when Kenn, Nov. 22, 196Z The repot Service int eluded th( appendix r other repo] against the vice preside Roy Fran k no wledged the Treasur Alcohol, Toi arms Divis tional orgE States Righ 1960s. He phone inter that plots t were being rate of "ti week" withi The par1 used extrem guage in its Thunderbolt. evidence th: bers may ha ed in some . bornbings in ing the 1960s FRANKH said he was testify befoi Commission pear becaus was cancele no first-hanf Milteer's thr But he ,r notel the name number of Semitic m - - ---..-ncir="1.111���� Sunday, October 12, 1975 The Washington Star A;;),. Anti-Castro Cubans Link to Assassination? Schweiker, Hart Ask JFK Probe Review By Norman Kempster Washington Star Staff Writer Senate investigators in- tend to reexamine circum- stantial evidence that anti- Castro Cubans or domestic , right wingers may have played a role in the assassi- nation of President John F. Kennedy. The Warren Commission considered pOisible con- spiracies from both the left and right but determined that Lee Harvey Oswald was the lone assassin. Sen. Richard S. Schweik- er, R-Pa., said the commis- sion seems to have given less credence than now seems warranted to the possibility that there may have been some right-wing link to the crime despite Oswald's often-slated Communist sympathies. SCHWEIKER AND Sen. Gary Hart, D-Colo., are serving as a subcommittee of the Senate Intelligence Committee to probe the adequacy of the FBI and CIA investigation of the � killing. � Schweiker said in a re- cent interview that he is interested in evidence that J. A. Milteer, an official Of the the militant right-wing National States Rights party; told an FBI informer two weeks before the assas- sination that Kennedy would be killed with a high- powered rifle from the upper floors of a tall build- ing. An FBI report says the same source met Milteer following, the assassination and asked if he was guess- 'ing. The report quotes Mil- teer: "I don't do any guess- ing." The FBI reports were given to the Warren Com- mission, but apparently the panel assigned little signifi- cance to them. The commission's appen- dix includes a report by the Secret Service of the inves- tigation of an apparently related incident. The report indicates the Secret Service interviewed a member of the Ku Klux Klan who said less than two weeks before the assassination that "his sources have told him that a militant group of the Na- tional States Rights party plans to assassinate the President and -other. high- level officials." THE KLANSMAN who was not named in the re- port, was in jail at the time awaiting trial on a charge ON. of auto theft. The Secret PPT Burrows. Burrows commit- ted suicide in Frankhous-: er's home in Reading, Pa:". in 1965 after the New York Times reported he was half Jewish. Frankhouser de- clined -to talk about any possible link between Os- wald and Burrows. An FBI report compiled -two weeks after the assas- sination quotes Robert K. Brown, then an Army Re- serve captain in training at Fort Benning, Ga., as say- ing that in the spring of 1963 Dr. Stanley ,L.,Drennan, a North 1-1o1lywood, Calif., man active in the National States Rights party, spoke of a plan to "get rid of." Kennedy and a number of others., Brown said he di'- missed the� remark as a "crackpot" comment. Brown told the FBI that after the assassination he reassessed the conversation and concluded that Dren- nan may have been trying to recruit him asa possible assassin. -If so: Drennan may have been attracted by Brown's anti-Castro sentj- ments. The 'Warren Commis- sion's own staff suggested prior to publication of the final report that speculation ahnia a n Int CONSPIRACY Continued From E-1 given (estimated) at 5 feet 10 inches, indeed, but not by the authors of the report; rather by a steamfitter named Howard L. Brennan, who had been watching the presidential motorcade roll by somewhere on Elm Street, and who "promptly told a policeman that he had seen a slen- der man, about 5 feet 10 inches, in his early 30s, take deliberate aim from a sixth-floor corner window. . . ." Many of the documents or speeches upholding conspiracy theory are the results of people hav- ing read badly or hastily, consciously or otherwise. Brennan, who was not the Warren Report, had guessed wrong as to both inches and years. In a poor reading, conspiracy theorists had failed to distinguish between the authors of the book and a character in it. The continuing conference on con- spiracy is a form of education. For that reason, after all, UCLA houses it. If such a conference is not the ideal definition of education it may be transitional to one that is better. Its appeal on the left is directed to students sincerely devoted, as far as they know,. to justice and equality. Since they are students they are in the process of learning, and a great deal of their credulity may turn to skepticism even as the proceedings advance. The better-prepared the student, the sooner his or her skepticism as- serts or manifests itself, for the lan- guage and mode of the theorists, whether left or right, constantly ex- poses itself to its own vacancies. In Los Angeles I met students at the luncheon intermission whose belief in conspiracy theory had already dwin- dled somewhat during the morning. But many of them are not wholly educated, or have not yet achieved a level of intellectual skepticism and, for this and other reasons, they are willing believers. Often, the young man or woman of the left feels ex- cluded, angry, desperate, unable to participate in the decisions of life as he or she feels entitled to do, still stu- dent, still underling, still graded by someone else, unfairly denied the things he thinks he ought to have, in- cluding the right to decide the course of the world. � The world itself is a conspiracy to ignore him, defame him, put him down. Under certain circumstances, if he becomes too troublesome (tells too many truths about their rotten system), "they" will punish him, frame him, kill him, dupe him, put a gun in his hand, give' him a perch to shoot from, and leave him to his fate. Whom did Lee Harvey Oswald shoot, after all, but a rich Harvard son of Establishment? Some part of the left theorist finds identity with Oswald, who floundered, tried Rus- sia., floundered, returned, sought exile again and for a moment was the one-man office of the New Or- leans chapter of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee. And yet to identify too directly with the doomed Oswald is to exclude oneself from the possi- bilities of the future. � The paradox is enraging, and when one's situation begins to be- 011ie clear one struggles with su- preme energy against any self-reve- lation which will vault one from certainty to doubt: At the UCLA con- spiracy conference I was struck by the volume of laughter that greeted the sarcastic speculation that Fidel Castro (hero) may have been in league with the Dallas Police De- partment (villain); or, again, that an action of the left on a particular occasion could have resembled an action of the U.S. Marines. The police, according to this cast of mind, are, at the command of the Establishment, out to murder the young. Such theorists can accept this h."01.041ot *ha - 1 � � "the attempi to kill Gov. George C. Wallace was a conspiracy . . . a Communist conspiracy. It could well involvelagents of Communist China. And the Central Intelligence Agency might have had something to do with it. Here are the facts. Judge for yourself." Bremer Was no "lone fanatic," writes �Stang, providing many statistics relating to Bremer's life. Stang claims to have "gone into the underground for the facts," al- though the facts appear to be nothing more than what one may obtain from public record and the newspapers, as Clifford Irving obtained the facts of the life of Howard Hughes. Real conspiracies have occurred. But not all occurrences are conspira- cies. Conspiracy theory explains some things. But the momentum or accident of history explains a great many more. For America the great danger of conspiracy theory lies in its weak powers of discrimination. Thus, it is easily available for widespread ex- ploitation of anxieties. The worst of the exploitation is not that hucksters make money but that conferences on conspiracy shall replace education, and our whole past shall be warped and denied. Nobody will remember that we are in significant ways a free people. Indeed, we are threatened less, in my opinion, by conscious con- spirators than by those defects of both education and media which make conspiracy theories possible in the first Place. The exploitation of paranoia is easy enough. It is an old political and � oratorical trick, and anyone can do it whose objectives are sufficiently self-serving. Orators of conspiracy are eloquent. Why not? They are unrestrained by doubts, hesitations or the absence of facts. They have settled upon their theories. They in- tend to qualify nothing, retract noth- ing, amend nothing. They charge guilt by association by means of con- nections from person to person, though the connections may be ir- relevant even if true. They are mas- ters of twisted \ definitions build into their grammar and certain to con- nect with the ready-made assump- tions of their listeners. The language and literature of conspiracy theory, left and right, is a nightmare of logical fallacy. "Sworn testimony" is not necessarily true testimony. An article in the Congres- sional Record is not necessarily true. An "identification" of someone by someone else is not necessarily accu- rate � even if the "identification" is made by such a grand-sounding intelligence as "the Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate of the United States." Hearsay is, not necessarily true. Sarcasm -is poor argument. Name-calling.. is poor argument. Characterization is poor argument. No person exists named the Estab- lishment, in, for example, "The Establishment believes." No persons exist named They, as in "They won't let the truth come out." For the col- lege generation, suspended between childhood,". . . They are systemati- cally destroying the evidence." In adulthood, the yearning to hear the truth 'is all the More affecting In view of the difficulties of telling it. Truth is not specific and definite, like The Guinness Book of World Records � an extremely popular book among college students; as a matter of fact the truth may be dull, complicated and shredded with qualifications, more like � the slow roundabout equivocations of older professors. It is not surprising, therefore, that the public, lectures students attend, the books they optionally read and the fore, natural media they consume tend to be those which _deliver, above all, straight an- others whose swers in a positive sound: Mind and inevitably int! suit of. the ac body yearn to hear it from the inside, viduals. Alma from someone who was there who vision drama can therefore, presumably, tell it like or other violet it was. ' � diplomacy is deal with thf EkAllt8 ens o r 3 UFOs, sel fiction . series is a f01 moat., whose then piously piracy theor port those ten In a great especially on tweet fiction blurred, if no dramatic an, made to souni ah� ' News and c s ed forces or It is not surprising that John Dean 86mewhere of was the speaker most in demand on vatelY tallon - the university lecture cirtuit during Sii8teat Prevai the ' recent; season.' Close 'behind cut_1,, amortlrac Dean, `,according to the Chronicle of - 1,euctqousLY Esmblislunent is saying The 14,g_lterZslucatiori,..xome tho?kAiine__, hon pisture POWER continued From E-I him is unsufferable. On the rare occasions when Harry Cohn dined out, he was said to place a telephone book surreptitiously on his chair. "Elevator shoes," which promise an additional two inches in height, ap- peal to the same insecurity. Height means something to people, and it's wise not to forget i't. The chairman of one great conglomerate is said to have a pedestal behind his desk so that he appears to be about a foot taller than he really is when he stands Uri to Ri�PPt row., abhrwh, ta pie are not only "anxious to control everything, but determined not to lei' go of anything.,Pe this as it triYk44111. use of laxatives seems to increase as power increases, and a good rnany of the powerful people I know not onlY suffer from constipation, but disci&sA it quite openly, as if it were proolof their success, a form of self-imposed suffering. I have seen a motion pic- ture halted every morning at 9:3Q so that the director � a man of greet � fame in,the movie business -- cotild go off and fight the daily battle with his recalcitrant bowels. As'he left, the cast and the crew wished him success, and on his return he would describe exactly what had happened, or not happened. in granhie riPton power. For st In the offioe .order, to be ab vacations." It quotient. The eompla about stress, are mostly be , real, they're form of guilt. The JUL, IIVIAILIC/ C1.1, 1 CLIA1 S1CU, exile again and for a moment was the-one-man office of the New Or- leans chapter of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee. And yet to identify too directly with the doomed Oswald is to exclude oneself from the possi- bilities of the future. The paradox is enraging, and when one's situation begins to be- cOme clear one struggles with su- preme energy against any self-reve- lation which will vault one from certainty to doubt: At the UCLA con- spiracy conference I was struck by the volume of laughter that greeted the sarcastic speculation that Fidel Castro (hero) may have been in league with the Dallas Police De- partment (villain); or, again, that an action of the left on a particular occasion could have resembled an action of the U.S. Marines. The police, according to this cast of mind, are, at the command of the Establishment, out to murder the young. Such theorists can accept this because at the base of belief must lie the disposition to believe, and many of the persons gathered in the name of the exposure of conspiracy seem to possess their own personal causes, complaints, fears and mental strug- gles, which they seek to submerge in the abstract, and so dissolve. * * * * I asked the proprietor of the Birch Society's American Opinion Book Store in North Hollywood if his shop carried information on conspiracy. He replied, "We got information oh conspiracy like you'll never believe." True. I count at least 22 American Opinion bookstores in Southern Cali- fornia, and I understand that more than 400 exist throughout the nation. They serve as the principal gather- ing places for conspiracy theorists of the right, and as centers for the dis- tribution of their basic books, films and tapes. Of the stores I have been in, each one looks like the others, perhaps because they carry identical stock. Theorists of the right, unlike those of the left, support their local police while tending to believe that the federal police, or military force, is "preparing the way for the end of the United States as a nation." In Henry Kissinger Soviet Agent, a book of the right, we are told that "Kissinger and his intellectual colleagues want international order, which would consist of World Government in a World of Disarmament." This is bad. It is "a surrender of nationhood." The right theorist believes that Kennedy was killed by Communists. A pamphlet, The Killers: Assassina- tion to Order, tells us that almost every death of a political person dur- ing the last 25 years was 'part of a deadly operation managed with- great skill by the International Communist Conspiracy." The cap- tion of a photograph showing Ruby shooting Oswald at the Dallas jail explains, "Communist assassin Lee Harvey Oswald was silenced by Jack Ruby, a Castroite who died in 1966 from 'cancer.' Ruby was certain that the disease had been induced. In June 1968 Sen. Robert Kennedy was murdered by Sirhan Sirhan, a Communist trained in assassination at the Qataneh camp outside Damas- cus." � Alan Stang, in another pamphlet, Arthur Bremer: The Communist Plot to Kill George Wallace, asserts that argument. Characterization is poor argument. No person exists named the Estab- lishment, in, for example. "The Establishment is saying. . . . The was the Speaker most m demand on the university lecture cirtuit during the recent season. Close behind Dean, according to the Chronicle of Higher Education, come those -who,. Yd 1C4 itatnirl4 system prevai eial ae0onim0 meticulously tion pietune POWER ontinued From E-I him is unsufferable. On the rare occasions when Harry Cohn dined out, he was said to place a telephone book surreptitiously on his. chair. "Elevator shoes," which promise an additional two inches in height, ap- peal to the same insecurity. Height means something to people, and it's wise not to forget it. chairman of one great conglomerate is said to have a pedestal behind his desk so that he appears to be about a foot taller than he really is when he stands up to greet somebody, and it is rumored that a stockholders meet- ing had to be delayed because an underling had forgotten to place the pedestal behind the podium. It is cer- tainly true that he likes to have short men around him; one's chances of success at this particular corporation are vastly increased if one is under 5 feet 8 inches in height.. Indeed, being tall is dangerous there. The chair- man loves to humiliate people who are taller than he is, and sometimes promotes them just so that he can make them suffer. "Big is dumb, short is smart " he once told an executive who had displeased him. If shortness supposedly spurs us on to power, health is usually taken as a sure sign of having it. Years ago, I remember seeing Robert F. Kennedy walk into a T00111 full of people in Maine, all of them rich and healthy, and noticing that he positively radi- ated good health and energy. "God!" breathed the woman beside me, "look what power does to you. I wish I had it!" It is a curious sign of our admira- tion for power that we associate power and health; in former times, power was popularly supposed to lead to worry, illness, premature aging and baldness, rather like mas- turbation. Today, we expect the powerful to glow with health, and they mostly do. The successful exer- cise of power, like a satisfactory sex life, tends to make people feel good about themselves, whatever the real state of their health, and constant ex- citement tones up the system won- derfully. Of course power takes its toll too. Erik Erikson has 'minted out that Martin Luther, a man with an enor- mous need and drive for power, suf- fered all his life from constipation, a misfortune-which obsessed the great reformer to the point that his spiritu- al breakthrough took place while he was sitting on the toilet. Erikson points out that Luther was "compul- sively retentive," that he stored up his energies and his knowledge as if aware that they would someday be released in a single, explosive mo- ment, a purgative flash that would at once cleanse Luther himself and the Church. Odd as it may seem, constipation is often the price of power, even among less titanic figures than Lu- ther, perhaps because powerful peo- pie are not only anxidus to control everything, but determined not to let go of anything./Be this as it may, the use of laxatives seems to increase as power increases, and a good many of the powerful people I know not only suffer from constipation, but discuss it quite openly, as if it were proof of their success, a form of self-imposed suffering. I have seen a motion pic- ture halted every morning at 9:30 so that the director � a man of greet fame in the movie business � could _g9 off and fight the daily battle with his recalcitrant bowels. As he left, the cast and the crew wished him success, and on his return he would describe exactly what had happened, or not happened, in graphic detaiL Gradually I came to realize that knowledge of the daily state of his bowels was a kind of status symbol. Think of .it: actually being able to force people to discuss this as if it were a subject of fascination. What greater proof of power! As if that weren't enough, a group of researchers has found that power (and "achievement orientation") correlates very highly with serum laic acid, the substance in the blood that is responsible for gout, and which is considered "a possible risk factor in coronary heart disease." Serum uric acid is high among powerful, successful men, and at its lowest among the unemployed, a de- pressing piece of information for the ambitious to consider. Blood pres- sure and serum cholesterol both in- crease among those who have "responsibility for others" in a work- ing situation, which makes it hardly surprising that nearly 30 per cent of the businessmen who responded to one nationwide survey felt that their jobs "had adversely affected their health." The kinds of jobs that lead to power naturally involve stress and responsibility, but I strongly suspect that the businessmen who felt their health was affected were simply re- sponding to the "suffering quotient." This is an extension of the Puritan pleasure-pain principle, in which pleasure must, be expiated by an equivalent or greater amount of pain, and implies that all power, insofar as it is enjoyed, must be justified by suffering. The basic proposition is simple � I am not supposed to like power, though it's what I most want, there- fore I must pretend that it has been. thrust upon me by others against my will; and I must convince everyone around me that it is a painful burden. that I'm suffering on their behalf. The feeling is that while it may be all right to have power, it is wrong to enjoy it. Not surprisingly, many powerful people are hypochondriacs. On the one hand, they want to command and control; on'the other, they want to be comforted and appreciated. One way of bridging these conflicting de- mands is to suffer openly, publicly, constantly � to show by coughing, sneezing, groaning, limping and wheezing that they are stretched be- yond eaduranoe by the denial* of power. For so in the offioe order to be ab vacations." h quotient. The compile about stress, are mostly bo, , real, they're form of guilt. The to Yet love it novelist Petri, a woman you forever. But tl best people. '1 with power, tough and luc the teeth evei there'll be 1 you've done everything hi than you're so game, whethe knows it or r gives a damn. Perhaps he difficulty we power � it is sonal desire intimacy of with someone trast, is a pri ning and the h we can know wan our game "Power!" s McLaughlin, t who was a de tial assistant, � as chief exorci White House. about it? We abont it. We why don't we 1 You can trai power." True wonders, ju McLaughlin's temporal mat bombing of H2 phong and th Watergate, w able to pence tween what views of pow( for an go-,t,ri for service. We don't in power. No soo Watergate he, mons began te power, as if t Richard M. N are of Nehuch; Watergate bu price of irrapon the burglary - from it � wa, the baffled fe president and in. the White I. ���'. . . � " No persOns "They won't For the col- ded betr.veen re systemati- lence." -fling to hear affecting in of telling it. definite, like )rld Roicordi book among atter of fact complicated roundabout rofessors. It ire, that the attend, the rad and the I to be those straight an- 1.. Mind and n the inside, there who y, tell it like John Dean demand on tuit during ise behind :hronide of those who 0 _ .0 � * 5 .0 0 O0 � 0 � � OP�O odho � � ' 0 deal with the occult and witchcraft, extrasensory perception, magic, UFOs, Self-defense, science fiction . . . The university lecture series is a form of popular entertain- ment, whose spokesmen now and then piously condemn reckless con- spiracy theory even while they sup- port those tendencies that feed it. In a great deal of popular drama, especially on television, the line be- tween fiction and non-fiction is badly blurred, if not erased; news is made dramatic and exciting, drama is made to sound true, authentic,' factu- News and drama alike focus upon Individuals, seldom upon complicat- ed forces or processes. It is, there- fore, natural that young people and others whose experience is limited ,inevitably interpret events as the re- sult of .the actions of powerful indi- viduals. Almost every crisis of tele- vision drama is resolved by gunfire or other violenee, and every crisis of diplomacy is resolved by the meeting seniewhere of powerful persons pri- vately, talking' The Hollywood star system prevails. The processes Of accommodation were never so meticulously described as in the !no- tion picture "the' Ckidfather," in 0 0 0 0 � � 0 o b 00 Pe6:001r � e ��� � � � 1!) � �Adgmilir 'Vote 0%.40:0�01 � � 0:1,4 "3. o" � O.�raAv p � � 4:7 NNtb. V47,7/rir t1 4:t� AMT..? which death sentences are pro- nounced by "somebody, somewhere, in some smoke-filled back room," just as the conspiracy theorists say they are. Colleges and universities, partly under their own financial pressures, partly in the spirit of democratic participation, increasingly view the student as a customer and give him "what he wants," which is likely to be an easier, simpler interpretation of events � and a better grade for mastering less. But the best defense against a paranoid citizenry may be a sound education in the grammar of those disciplines which fortify the mind against trickery. The trouble with the mind of the conspiracy theorist left or right is its inability to carry more than one idea at once. It asks laws or principles governing all events, as if human af- fairs were motions of dumb bodies, but it ignores the one law that might serve � the idea that some things might be true upon some occasions and aot upon other occasions. For example, although Watergate was clearly a "conspiracy" to defraud many citizens, the murder of John Kennedy may have been the dement- ,9k) "Ktl ed act of one person. Above all, it ignores the possibility of that mixture of accident and inten- tion that is finally process. We are process. We are complexity. We are the products of our minds, singly and collectively. Unable to endure slow motion, the mind of the conspiracy theorist is likewise unable to endure uncertain- ty. We may never know more than we know, now of the truth of our several major political assassina- tions. We may know all that exists to be known, or we may be in the pres- ence of a mystery: Not all crimes are solved, as they are on television. Finally, it should be said that, de- spite the pitfalls he leads us into, despite the dangers, or simple dis- comfort, the conspiracy theorist seems to understand least his own importance. The paranoid contribu- tion to decision must always have been great, integral to process, a noise and a clamor keeping lawmak- ers from slumbering in town halls and Congress, as children shape their parents, or as students stopped the war' in Vietnam. The heat of paranoid instincts or, intuitions warms the law with human concern. to control d not to let' It may, the increase as od Many of int not only but discuss !re proof of tif-imposed motion ride, 1, at 9:30 so � Power. For some, it is wertit staying in the office all summer simply in order to be able to say, "I never take vacations." ft is part of the suffering quotient. � The complaints of powerful people about stress, tension and overwork are mostly bogus, and when they're , real,. they're self-imposed. It's a form of guilt. how ivvverless, the inner sense of worthlessness that made them fear they had no right to be there, and might at any moment be found out, revealed as weak and ordinary men. George Allen of the Washington Redskins, Nixon's favorite football coach, was perhaps unconsciously speaking for the president when he remarked, "The winner is the only tacks on us and to a lot of things." There is no doubt that a "high-level self-pity influenced the style of the Nixon White House, and self-pity is not an emotion one connects with a sense of power. What is more, it led to blunders, inefficiency and bad management. Nor was the Nixon administeaticei unique in this respect. Many of the are, unit utte attend, the cad and the d to be thoSe straight tan- d. Mind and in the inside, ; there who� ly, tell it like t John Dean t demand on irtuit during lose � behind Chronicled ' those lam- individuals, seldom upon complicat- ed forces or processes. It is, there- 'fore, natural that young people and others whose experience is limited inevitably interpret' events as the re- sult of , the actions of powerful indi- viduals. Almost every crisis of tele- vision drama is resolved by gunfire . or other yietatoe, and every crisis of diplomacy is resolved by the meeting nOrneWhere of powerful persons pri- vately talking. The Hollywood star SYntem;prevails. The processes Of so- cial. atoommodations were never so meticulously described as in the ;pietune "The' Godfather, in mind against trickery. The trouble with the mind of the conspiracy theorist left or right is its inability to carry more than one idea at once. It asks laws or principles governing all events, as if human af- fairs were motions of dumb bodies, but it ignores the one law that might serve � the idea that some things might be true upon some occasions and not upon other occasions. For example, although Watergate was clearly a "conspiracy" to defraud many � citizens, the murder of John Kennedy may have been the dement- � � Finally, it should be said that, de- spite the pitfalls he leads us into, despite the dangers, or simple dis- comfort, the conspiracy theorist seems to understand least his own importance. The paranoid contribu- tion to decision must always have been great, integral to process, a noise and a clamor keeping lawmak- ers from slumbering in town halls and Congress, as children shape their parents, or as students stopped the war in Vietnam. The heat of paranoid instincts or intuitions warms the law with human concern. s to control ted not to let 3 it may, the increase as cod many of tow not only but discuss 'ere proof of ;elf-imposed motion plc- tg at 9:30 so tan of greet ess � could r battle with As he left, wished him rn he would ti happened, iphic (feta& realize that state of his itus symbol. ,ing able to this as if it ;atlas*. What igh, a group I that power rientation") with serum in the blood gout, and �ossible risk �-t disease." igh among 1, and at its loyed, a de- ition for the Blood pres- rol both in- who have " in a work- es it hardly per cent of tsponded to It that their 'ected their tat lead to stress and tgly suspect to felt their � simply re- quotient." the Puritan in which ted by an amount of all power, I, must be simple � I Lice power, /ant, there- it has been , against my e everyone 'fill burden, eir behalf. may be all 3 wrong to i� powerful s. On the =and and want to be I. One way icting de- f, publicly, coughing, 'ping and �etched be- e trtant0 of quotient. The complaints of powerful people about stress, tension and overwork are 'mostly bogus, and when they're , real, they're self-imposed. It's a form of guilt. ',ewer. For some, it is worth Staying in the office all summer simply in order, to be able to say, "I never take vacations." It is part of the suffering how powerless, �the inner sense of worth that made them fear they had no right to be there, and might at arty moment be found out, revealed as weak and ordinary men. George Allen of � the Washington Redskins, Nixon's favorite football coach, was perhaps unconsciously speaking for the president when he remarked, "The winner is the only The feeling is that while it may be all right to have power, it is wrong to enjoy it. Yet love it we do. In the words of novelist Patrick Anderson, "It's like a women you want to stay in bed with forever. But that's not all, not for the bast people. There's all you can de with power, if you're smart and tough and lucky. Yon get kicked in. the teeth every day, but sometimes there'll be those moments when you've done everything right, when everything breaks your way, and then you're soaring, you've won your game, whether or not anyone else knows it or understands it or even gives a damn." Perhaps herein lies a key to the difficulty we have in. coping with power � it is perhaps the most per- sonal desire we have, since even the intimacy of sex is usually shared with someone else. Power, by con- trast, is a private passion, the win- ning and the losing are internal, only we can know whether or not we've won our game. * * * * "Power!" says the Rev. John J. McLaughlin, the controversial Jesuit who was a deputy special presiden- tial assistant, and seemed to function as chief exorcist to the defunct Nixon White House. "What do we know about it? We don't know anything abott it. We have se n education � why don't we have power education? You can train yourself to handle power." True enough, though one wonders, judging from Father McLaughlin's support for such temporal matters as the Christmas bombing of Hanoi, the mining of Hai- phong and the president's stand on Watergate, whether he himself is nble to perceive the difference be- tween what he describes as "two views of power . . . an opportunity for an ego-yip, and an opportunity for service." We don't in fact know much about power. No sooner had the scandal of Watergate been revealed than ser- mons began to appear On the evils of power, as if the White House under Richard M. Nixon had been the pal- ace of Nebuchadnezzar. Yet what was Watergate but an example of the price of impotence? The rationale for the burglary � and all that followed from it � was insecurity and envy, the baffled fear on the part of the president and his assistants that even in the White House they were sojne- individual who is truly alive. I've said this to our ball club. Every time you win, yoU're reborn; when you lose you die a little." But power is not based on winning all the time. A. man who has to win every battle is asking the impossible of himself and the world, and is likely to collapse the first time he encoun- ters defeat. A powerful man, by defi- nition, is able to survive failure and humiliation, to draw some deeper wisdom from them, to practice what John F. Kennedy called "grace under pressure." The essence of power is the ability to cope with the demands of life, not to react like a paranoid at every real or imagined threat, or waste one's life and energy trying to submit everything to one's own control. The world is a disorderly and dangerous place, and always has been, and the man of power must learn to live in it comfortably. It is one thing to have a sense of order, but quite another to impose that sense of order on the rest of the world � no amount of power is sufficient for that, and one can only fail in the attempt. We can only con- trol others to a limited degree, and the world is full of men who seem powerful in their little world, but are in fact chained to their desks like galley slaves to the oar. On and on they labor, far into the night, be- cause they fear one moment of inat- tention or hesitation will undermine their power. One could see these traits in for- mer President Nixon � the joyless- ness, "the endless struggle for con- trol," the compulsive need to be "on top," the tortured attempts to dis- guise even small defeats as victories of some kind, the endless pleas for sympathy and understanding, the feeling that life is nothing but a tough challenge, in which hard work and the will to win count for every- thing. It is not power � perhaps not even the abuse of power � that is at the root of the White House horrors. "The thing that is completely misun- derstood about Watergate," said for- mer White House special counsel Charles Colson, "is that everybody thinks the people surrounding the president were drunk with power. . . But it wasn't arrogance at all. It was insecurity. That in- security began to breed a form of paranbia. We overreacted to the at- tacks on us and to a lot of things." There is no doubt that a "high-level self-pity influenced the style of the Nixon White House, and self-pity is not an emotion one connects with a sense of power. What is more, it led to blunders, inefficiency and bad management. Nor was the Nixon administration unique in this respect. Many of the people we think are powerful' turn out on closer examination to be merely frightened and anxious. It is a mis- take to assume that the position and the person are the same thing. A man may have money, a great posi- tion of authority, but if we notice that his hands are constantly fidgeting on his desk, that he can't look us in the eve, that he crosses and uncrosses his legs as if suffering from a bad itch in the crotch and that when the telephone rings, he can't make up his mind whether to pick it up or ignore it, we can then, I think, safely con- clude that he is not a man of power. However humble our own position, we have a chance of getting whatev- er it is we want. How often we fail to recognize this, how long it takes us to learn the difference between real and simulated power, what opportunities we waste! We have to learn to fight subtly, ruthlessly, constantly for our own. As nations carry on diplomacy and war to maintain their own independence, so we too must play the games of power in order to be ourselves, to avoid "being lived by events, rather than-living them." What is at stake is our ability to be the person we want to be, rather than being the person Others want us to be. What we all want is what Rollo May-describes as "sense of significance. . . a person's conviction that he counts for some- thing, that he has an effect on others, and that he can get recognition from his fellows." Thus, trivial as power games may sometimes seem, they are a means of defining who we are, of preserving both our freedom of action and our ability to effect change. We learn, early on in the schoolyard, that things often go badly for bystanders, that engaging ourselves in events may lead to their turning out in our favor, rather than against us. When you pick up the telephone, write a letter, join in a conversation, you are � like it or not � initiating a game, at the end of which you will either feel pleased with yourself or have the nagging sense that you have some- how been diminished, reduced in sig- nificance. Nothing is static; every action makes us more or less than we were before. Even the most mundane office is a place in which to test our power. Every moment in the day offers us the opportunity to try our skills, to, enjoy our triumphs, to learn something from defeats,� for we cannot always be victorious. Most of us think power lies else- where, in the next office, on the floor above, in the White House, beyond our reach. But it is all around us; we have only to seize it. It does not lie beyond the everyday activities of our lives, but in them. By Mark Harris � , � As time passes history flattens, as - if photographed with a, telescopic lens: Unrelated events seem to merge. A network of connection ex- tending from the Texas School Book Depository -in 1963 to the Watergate � in .1974, _gains plausibility; daily; per- sons and agencies appear and reap- pear as if the two crimes were:Of the same order, committed by the same bands and whitewashed by the same confederate's , � John Connally, _ g in the 1961 -Lincoln convertible 111- John F. Kennedy, signaled to the window above (Connally was later indicted for bribery . after switching party affiliation from Democrat to Republican), brought down the gunfire, and was.eventually found innocent by a.;cOmmission in- cluding Chief Justice Warren;. who was appointed to the Supreme Court by President Eisenhower on the recommendation of ,then-Vice Presi- dent Nixon; t.InW paving.the way for Nixon's victory' over the Warren forces in California,: his subsequent winning of: the presidency prior -to Watergate, and his eventual appoint- ment olGerald Ford to the pr,esiden- cy. Ford, ;then representative from Michigan; was a nien26er of the War-: ren Commission! � t-, - A conference called I`COnspirack - in Apieric:4'.!*is held at UCLA upon the occasion of the list anniversary of the. killing of six members of the Symbionese Liberation Army associ- ated with. Patricia Hen*: of.. good .1-family. Several hundred .:Ipenple- at- tended. Most of 'them Were -College students or of' student age; -Many . were of good families, and their pp-. htical direction was dearly The conspiracy -:Conference was - one of several ;recently assembled, r and it Promised, :.in: California and meetings. . . attempting to mobi- lize a national movement against the - pirifeklok OfEiielish itithiUriiveri4= izof Pittsburgh. This . articl The New York Tinieti:Nlaiazine;js4yiributed'by .NewYork Times Special Features. 19'79 Mark11814,* z A' developing , ce state-in-America. "From Dallas to Watergate:, Official . Violence and .Cover-up L A _ Cam- paign, for ��� Democratic ' Freedoms Conference. Films. Panels. Work- shops on Assassinations. Intelli- gence. Community/Labor Repres- sion." , _ - The first person I met was a young blackman at a table in the corridor collecting signatures fora petition in his own defense cused of murdering a policeman. Since he Seemed to me so sweet and gentle. I could not believe he had committed murder, and I signed his petition. � ' Inside the auditorium.: / was soon swept up by orators and visual demonstrations emphasizing the theme that Lee Harvey Oswald (if he Was involved at all) was only one of several conspirators in the murder of John Kennedy. The proof seemed to lie in the fact that Various documents , showed ' a- discrepancy' in Oswald's height. One speaker, said that "the Warren Report, _gave'', height as 5 feel() inches. I knew Os- wald wasn't that tall and .I though; :that; if the Warrenleport.were that wrong,afterhaps we were onto' some- 'er all. awards, I noticed in the War- ren Report that "Oswald's height was � . See CONSPIRACY, E-4 JFK Continued From A-3 President when he came to Dallas," Coleman and Slawson said. "Perhaps "double agents' were even used to persuade Oswald that pro-Castro Cubans would help in the assassina- tion or in the getaway afterward. "The motive on this would of course be the expectation that after the President was killed Os- wald would be caught or at least his identity ascertain- ed, the law enforcement au- thorities and the public would then blame the assassination on the Castro government, and the call for its forceful overthrow would be irresistible. A 'second Bay of Pigs Inva- sion' would begin, this time hopefully to end successful- ly. "The foregoing is prob- ably only a wild leculation, but the facts we already know are certainly sufficient to war- rant additional investiga- tion," the memo concluded. The anti-Castro section takes up just five pages in the Coleman-Slawson memo. Most of the rest of what amounts to a legal brief on the possibility of a foreign involvement in the assassination analyzes Os- wald's relations with the Soviet Union. IT CONCLUDES that al- though some details of Os- wald's two-way defection to the Soviet Union are suspi- cious, the evidence supports the conclusion that the Soviets were not involved. Oswald would not be very good agent material, Cole- man and Slawson said, be- cause his open pro- Communist sympathies would guarantee that he would be closely watched. Besides, they said, the Rus- sians would have little mo- tive to kill Kennedy because they were sophisticated enough to know that the re- placement of Kennedy by Lyndon B. Johnson "would not result in any significant change in American foreign policy towards the Soviet Union." Schweiker has said re- peatedly that the weakest part of the Warren Com- mission's final report is its failure to provide a con- vincing motive for Oswald to kill the President. He has said his investigation will attempt to fill that void. Both pro-Castro and anti-Castro Cubans would seem to have a motive. ANTI-CASTRO Cubans were angered at Kennedy for what they considered insufficient support for the Bay' of Pigs invasion. And the Coleman-Slawson memo adds another possi-' ble motive � hope to drum up support for a new inva- sion. As for pro-Castro Cubans, Coleman and Slaw- son said, "Simple retalia- tion, for example, is a mo- tive which must be thoroughly considered in dealing with Castro." Presumably, Coleman and Slawson meant retalia- tion for the Bay of Pigs be- cause the CIA did not tell the Warren Commission or, its staff about what are now known to be agency-backed attempts to kill Castro. Schweiker has said the fail- ure of the CIA to provide the commission with infor- mation about the plots to murder Castro was an important omission. Evidence of a possible ,pro-Castro conspiracy -.seems to have been more throughly investigated by the Warren Commission than evidence of a possible right-wing connection. SCHWEIKER insisted that all possible theories will be explored. But he said he was interested in a possible involvement by domestic right wing groups because he said it appears that the FBI gave such a theory short shrift. ' In 1967 the Miami News carried- a long account of a tape-recorded conversation between a police informant and an organizer for the States Rights party who had predicted Kennedy's assassination. The Miami News account did not name the party member, but Schweiker said he has proof that the man was Milteer. The con- versation related in the newspaper seems to be the same one summarized in the FBI reports on Milteer. According to the account, Milteer said Kennedy would be shot with a rifle smug- gled in pieces to the top of a high building. Milteer also was quoted as predicting, "They will pick up some- body within hours after- wards. . . just to throw the public off." Oswald was arrested shortly after the killing. He insisted he had killed no one_ but was being used as a "patsy." The Warren Com- mission discounted Os- wald's contention as the usual self-serving remark of a man charged with a serious crime. SCHWEIKER pointed t another of the informant'. recorded comments whict the senator said may be more significant than it ap- peared at the time. The police informant said, "He (Kennedy) will have a thousand body- guards. Don't worry about that." "The more bodyguards he has, the easier it is to get him," Milteer replied. � The Warren Commission received evidence that several policemen were shown Secret Service credentials in the vicinity of the assassination scene at a time when no real Secret �Servicmen were there. Schweiker theorized that if there was a conspiracy, the conspirators might have used forged Secret Service credentials. In such a situation, the more real bodyguards, the better, be- cause the fake Secret Serv- icemen would be less , con- spicuous. -W-i*r**.THE WASHINGTON POST, SUNDAY:, AUGUST 7 Joseph Kraft CIA: The Assassination Hot Potato . . . The Senate investigation into 'CIA � assassinations ls running into the sands of confusion. That is the immedi- ate meaning of the subpoena issued the other day for new access to Presi- dent Nixon's tapes and papers. The larger meaning is that even the most responsible authorities are unwilling �to acknowledge that some issues are too delicate and complex for the rights -and wrongs to be settled by mere in- -vestigation. The starting point of. the assassina- tion muddle is President Ford. He made it known�in an offhand way � that verges on irresponsibility�that the CIA had been involved in assassi- nation plots against foreign leaders. When an outcry arose, as it was bound to, he assigned investigation of the matter to the Rockefeller Cominission looking into domestic improprieties by the CIA. The implication was that the -Rockefeller Commission would get to ::the bottom of the assassination busi- ness. In fact the commission went an inch ...deep and then stopped for lack of time and staff. So Mr. Ford passed the issue to a select Senate committee headed by Frank Church (D-Idaho), which was looking into the appropriate organiza- tion of the intelligence community. At that time, Mr. Ford said that he .1'did not want to be a Monday morning , guarterback" on the actions of past Presidents. The only reasonable infer- ence was that past Presidents were mixed up in the assassination business and that the Senate committee would < make a definitive judgment on their role. The committee did undertake a full- scale investigation, using a large and competent staff with access to the most privileged material. It examined - � The CIA at home � � � sponsibility. He refused, miraculous to say, television . hearings that would have been.,a socko sensation and made his name a household word. He worked closely with opposition sena- tors, notably John Tower of Texas, to produce unanimous decisions. His one impropriety was to say that the CIA. had behaved as "a rogue ele- -m,-+ i. Tin rin71111- 0,3+ wolf +h. "noes 4/1" of willful, knowing ambiguity�a trans- action where neither party wanted to know too much of the other's actions. Rather than merely say that, he is bowing out by demanding, through subpoena of the White House, docu- ments from the Nixon presidency which are relevant to the Schneider killing. The language of the subpoena B7 Auth for the Philadelphia Inquirer . and abroad. plumbed, if any loose ends remain untied, the White House can be blamed. Turnabout is fair play, and Presi- dent Ford is only getting now what he asked for when he handed the commit- tee the assignment in the first place. But it is too bad somebody can't say flatly that ultimate responsibility for the assassinations probably can't be to, he assigned investigation of the matter to the Rockefeller Commission looking into domestic improprieties by the CIA. The implication Was that the Rockefeller Commission would get to the bottom of the assassination busi- ness. In fact the commission went an inch -� deep and then stopped for lack of time and staff. So Mr. Ford passed the issue � to a select Senate committee headed by Frank Church (D-Idaho), which was looking into the appropriate organiza- �' tion of the intelligence community. At that time, Mr. Ford said that he I'did not want to be a Monday morning , 'quarterback" on the actions of past :Presidents. The only reasonable infer- ence was that past Presidents were mixed up in the assassination business and that the Senate committee would make a definitive judgment on their role. The committee did undertake a full- � 'scale investigation, using a large and competent staff with access to the most privileged material. It examined the actions of all the post-war Presi- dents and all the well-known, assassina- ,tion attempts. It even went into one episode that was not an assassination attempt. That was the shooting of the Chilean chief ' of staff, Gen. Rene Schneider, in 1970, as part of a bungled effort to stage a kidnapping that would provoke a mili- tary coup against the Allende regime. In handling the investigation Sen. Church behaved with exemplary re- Jack Anderson The CIA at home... sponsibility. He refused, miraculous to say, television 'hearings that would have been,a socko sensation and made his name a household word. He worked closely with opposition sena- tors, notably John Tower of Texas, to produce unanimous decisions. , His one impropriety was to say that the CIA had behaved as "a rogue ele- phant." No doubt that put the case too strongly. What- the senator�meant was that the committee inquiry, despite the comments of the President and Vice President, did not find there was clear presidential responsibility for all the actions taken by the CIA in the assas- sination area. But even Sen. Church could not ad- mit that the bureaucratic interplay be- tween a President and a secret intelli- gence agency Was inevitably a matter of willful, knowing ambiguity�a trans- action where neither party wanted to know too much of the other's actions. Rather than merely say that, he is bowing out by demanding, through subpoena of the White House, docu- ments from the Nixon presidency which are relevant to the Schneider killing. The language of the subpoena strains for effect. �It refers to gas masks and machine guns, presumably passed by -the CIA to those wh,o did the killing. It requests tapes from a time when tapes were probably not be- ing made. It refers to a highly sensi- tive special file of Nixon papers that Secretary of State Henry Kissinger says he didn't even know. existed. The upshot of the subpoena 13 to throw the hot potato back to the White House. Now if any secrets remain un- . . . And a Return to the Shadows . The Central Intelligence Agency may come out of its penitent period with its powers and privileges still in- tact. The calls for reform have produced more promises than changes. Abuses � have been halted, but the causes. have gone uncorrected. ' All the while, the CIA has been slip- ping back into the shadow. The scan- dal-weary public is tiring of sordid spy Stories. The investigations on Capitol ;Hill are running out of steam. ' Sensing that the worst is over, CIA 'Chief William Colby is trying to put the lid back on. President Ford has kilned him in warnine that the Instead, he confronted the CIA's ci- vilian watchdogs. "Something is gravely wrong inside the CIA, and I in- tend to find out what it is," he pro- claimed. "I cannot afford another Bay of Pigs." He personally attended many of the civilian advisory board's secret, ses- sions and helped to fashion reforms that were imposed upon the CIA. He charged his brother, Robert, with the responsibility to see that the reforms were put into effect. The younger Ken- nedy shook up the agency from top to bottom. Yet throughout the very throes of these rPfrtrmc tho ('TA called before the board for question- ing. The sessions have always been so- ber but sympathetic, with the sodality that characterizes gentlemen who , share grave secrets. Participants have assured us that they have often pressed reforms upon the CIA. But apparently, these have been more structural than substantive. The CIA officials always listen sol- emnly to their civilian advisors. There- after, the officials call meetings, issue directives, move the furniture around and otherwise create the impression that changes will be made. And then they quietly return to their same old rn114-:,,n0 By Auth for the Philadelphia Inauirer ... and abroad. plumbed, if any loose ends remain untied, the White House can be blamed. Turnabout is fair play, and Presi- dent Ford is only getting now what he asked for when he banded the commit- tee the assignment in the first place. But it is too bad somebody can't say flatly that ultimate responsibility for the assassinations probably can't be pinned down. That way, all officials could get round to the serious business of writ- ing new guidelines and establishing new machinery for command and con- trol over the CIA. lathe bargain there would be a little dent made in the po- pulist myth that some kind of fix is al- ways in, and that all the country's problems can be solved if only there is a tough investigation of the bad guys. 0 1973. Field Enterpriees. way of reform, in other words, he would put the emphasis not on correct- ing CIA abuses but on keeping them , out of the newspapers. Certainly he can argue that the CIA would not be under fire today if he had already �possessed this extraordi- nary power. The abuses would have gone unpublished, uninvestigated and, therefore, uncorrected. The Rockefeller Commission, if it isn't willing to go quite as far as Colby, comes perilously close. The com- mission wants to make it a "criminal offense for employees or former em- ployees of the CIA willfully to divoi,o, ot start, UM Ilene ocilttcs*.ics , as part of a bungled effort to stage a kidnapping that would provoke a mili- tary coup against the Allende regime. In handling the investigation Sen. Church behaved with exemplary re- / Jack Anderson sination area. But even gen. Church could not ad- mit that the bureaucratic interplay be- tween a President and a secret intelli- gence agency Was inevitably a matter Sedetary or tate IleliLy says he didn't even know existed. The upshot of the subpoena is to throw the hot potato back to the White House. Now if any secrets remain un- ... And a Return to the Shadows . The Central Intelligence Agency may come out of its penitent period , with its powers and privileges still in- tact. The calls for reform have produced more promises than changes. Abuses have been halted, but the causes/have gone uncorrected. " All the while, the CIA has been slip- ping back into the shadows. The scan- dal-weary public is tiring of sordid spy stories. The investigations on 'Capitol 11 are running out of steam. '� Sensing that the worst is over, CIA "chief William Colby is trying to put the lid back on. President Ford has joined him in warning that the investi- ', dations could impair the collection of vital intelligence. , Colby contends that the chastened .spy agency won't again overreach its legal limits. There is nothing wrong with the CIA, he insists, that the right indoctrination and discipline can't cure. Once the authorities on high de- fine the agency's mission with a little , more clarity and lay down the dictum that abuses won't be tolerated, prom- ises 'Colby, the CIA can be counted upon to operate within constitutional constraints. I have talked with Colby, and I am ,sure he means this. In my opinion, he :will work within the CIA to make it a � better, more responsible agency. Yet it was only 14 years ago that the CIA went through another upheaval. .The blunder of all CIA blunders was � the Bay of Pigs invasion. President � Kennedy was so angry after the fiasco .that he threatened "to splinter the CIA in a thousand pieces and scatter it ..to the winds" � Instead, he confronted the CIA's ci- vilian watchdogs. "Something is gravely wrong inside the CIA, and I in- tend to find out what it is," he pro- claimed. "I cannot afford another Bay of Pigs." I He personally attended many of the civilian advisory board's secret ses- sions and helped to fashion reforms that were imposed upon the CIA. He charged his brother, Robert, with the responsibility to see that the reforms were put into effect. The younger Ken- nedy shook up the agency from top to bottom. Yet throughout the very throes of these reforms, the CIA used the Mafia to make several attempts on the life of Cuban Premier Fidel Castro. And the worst excesses of the CIA, including the illegal spying on American citiz- ens, occurred during the next 10 years. Now the Rockefeller Commission is prepared once again to rely on a "strengthened" civilian advisory board to make the CIA behave. The Rockefel- ler reformers would grant the board .full powers for "assessing the quality of foreign intelligence collection." � There is something dismayingly -fa- miliar about this. Back in 1961, the board was reformed with powers, , ac- cording to the old charter, to "conduct a continuing review and assessment of foreign intelligence activities." � In other words, the board has always had the powers Nelson Rockefeller so piously would now bestow upon it. He should be aware of this, since he has served on the board. He should also be familiar with its history of acquiesence `le CIA. ariodically, CIA officials have been called before the board for question- ing. The sessions have always been so- ber but sympathetic, with the sodality that characterizes gentlemen who share grave secrets. Participants have assured us that they have often pressed reforms upon the CIA. But apparently, these have' been more structural than substantive. The CIA officials always listen sol- emnly to their civilian advisors. There- after, the officials call meetings, issue directives, move the furniture around and otherwise create the impression that changes will be made. And then they quietly return to their same old routines. The cozy relationship between the watchdogs and the watchees is exem- plified by the board's executive secre- tary, Wheaton Byers. My associate, Jim Grady, asked him for the phone num- bers of board members so we could so- licit their comments. Byers indignantly refused, saying we wrote a "scurrilous" column that printed classified information. Evi- dently, he' considered the phone num- bers of the members classified, since he refused to give them out. We reached severial of them anyway; with rare exception, we found them as pro- tective as Byers toward the M. This seems to be the attitude of ev- eryone close to the CIA. They agree with Colby, who wants to make it a crime for newsmen to publish classi- fied information. The legislation he has in mind, of course, would author- ize the CIA director to determine what should be classified. This would give the nation's spy chief te*A1 censorship power over all news I comes out of the CIA. As his ways in, and that all the country's problems can be solved if only there is a tough investigation of the bad guys. 0 1978. Field Enterprises. Inc way of 'reform, in other words, he would put the emphasis not on correct- ing CIA abuses but on keeping them ,out of the newspapers. Certainly he can argue that the CIA would not be under fire today if he had already possessed this extraordi- nary power. The abuses would have gone unpublished, uninvestigated and, therefore, uncorrected. The Rockefeller Commission, if it isn't willing to go quite as far as Colby, comes perilously close. The com- mission wants to make it a "criminal offense for employees or former em- ployees of the CIA willfully to divulge to any unauthorized person classified information pertaining to foreign intel- ligence or the collection thereof ob- tained during the course, of their em- ployment" If the CIA is to regain the trust of the people, it must allow more, not less, light on its activities. No other nation has been as successful as the United States in maintaining a free society. It requires a powerful spot- light to expose the abuses that threaten our freedom. , Footnote: The Rockefeller Commis- sion has also come out, four sqaure, against domestic spying. But the rec- ommendation leaves a handy loophole which permits a little benign spying if there should be "a clear danger to Agency facilities, operations or person- nel." Of course, this was precisely the rationale used by the CIA to begin its illegal domestic spying in the first place. What the CIA needs, clearly, is a tough new charter spelling out the rights and wrongs of intelligence oper- ations. 1975. United Feature SYndiest� Associated' Press mstruction thief. several crime including' forgery, larceny and eMbealeMent. Gov. Marvin Mandel, who appointed' Carey to his post as executive director' ' of the stat6 Interagency Committee for' Public School Construction in 1971, suspended Carey without pay from the post this afternoon after, learning of the indictments. - In a brief written statement, Mandel, said he was "distressed and stunned' by the seriousness of the charges in the indictments"�the first brought against an official of his administra- tion. The indictments grew out of a ape- cial state investigation of Carey's han- dling of the $6 million state portable classroom program last March, after ' several newspapers, including The Washington Post, raised questions about Carey's direction of it. These questions concerned Carey's relationship with the two firms that were awarded the state portable school construction contracts, trips Carey took to Florida at the expense of one of the firms and � $230,000 in sales commissions on the state work paid to two long-time friends of Carey. In a letter sent to Mandel today, Norman Ramsey, chairman of a special state panel supervising the investiga- tion, told the governor that the "investigation is not yet approaching completion." Sources close to the panel said that the probe of Carey's See CAREY, A6, Col. 1 Opposition oper House ted the ter d. no ed er of ly 0� St In )y INDLRA GANDHI .e ... hears criticism i�� Parliament Mrs. Gandhi gave no indication how long the emergency would last, but - said: "Nobody wants this type of situation to last forever." Mrs. Gandhi also said, even if the emergency is lifted, "There can be no return to the ' pre-emergency days of total license and political permis- siveness." Mrs. Gandhi, in a speech that provoked a brief uproar in the lower house, claimed See INDIA, A16, Col. 1 nt Control legislative days before it be- comes law. With Congress on the verge of a summer recess until after Labor Day, it is not expected that a perma. -lent bill could become law intil late October, Mrs. Win- er said. By permitting some land. ords an automatic 5 per cent ise in rents after 60 days, esterday's emergency bill in- orporates a key provision of he proposed permanent bill, ihich is scheduled for final ;ouncil action next week. Pesti" thrt oretarcremna.hw ,t1.-1 I 6,940 Took Drugs; Army. Still Testing By Bill Richards W�hlngtonvoet Staff Writer 7 , A, top ciVilian, drug research- er for the Army said yestei� day, a total of 6,940 service- men have been involved in chemical and drug experi- ments run by the Army and that the tests are still going on at Edgewood Arsenal in north- east Maryland. Dr. Van 'Sim, civilian nied- ical director at the Edgewood test facility and head of the research program, said he aimed alter all the names of those involved in the program to the House Armed Services Committee and to military officials yesterday. Sim said the testing of LSD was halted , by the Army' in 1967 but that some two dozen other drugs�ranging from alcohol to hallucinogens� have continued to be used in tests on servi2Cernen at the f acility. � "We have a program and it is continuing," Sim said. "We are testing all types of drugs and chemicals and will continue to do so because it is important to the national security of this country." Sim's statement is the first acknowledgement that Army testing of drugs on humans is still going on. The National Research Act of 1974, which prohibits some types of human experimentation with drugs by government agencies, does not apply to the military. An Army spokesman de- clined to comment on Sim's figures and said a complete tally of all those involved in drug experiments Ais being compiled. Last Ffiday the Army said it had tasted LSD on 585 servicemen between 1959 and 1967 and4 about 900 civilians were involved in Army sponsored LSD tests between 1956 and 1959. There was no mention in the an- nouncement of any other type of drug testing. Sim said the 6,940 figure on the number of people in- volved in the Army's experi- mentation programs in vari- ous drugs covers only service- MP?, T-T 1,e% LInt. ��." 'By ..Jatnee K. W. Atherton-:�The Waslainliton Post oriner CA counsel LaWrence R. Houston testifying. Propelled by r living jumped sha officials to warn The Departmen consumer price the 0.4 per cent biggest jump ret. have taken in a year. White House pres Ron Nessen told that President Ford June increase as a "s inflation has not be ed." Nessen said th was larger than I anticipated. Sen. Hubert H. (D-Minn.), chairman Joint Dconomic Cc agreed with Mr. F "inflation remains problem and not automatically disal:11 some seem to believe cession." He blamed the ris line prices on admi: policies. "Presiden wants them to rise lieves that higher pi stimulate production crease conservation, far, only the prices ar Albert Rees, direct, Council on Wage al Stability, said, the Ji performance "disap him. He said he still RF K Called UPSe t sumer per cent higher in E than they were at th prices would b( 1974. By CIA-Mafia Ties BY Lawrence Meyer Witithingtozi Post'Staff Writer Former Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy' was "perturbed" when he learn- ed in 1962' that the Central Intelligence Agency and the .Mafia were working to- gether, but he appeared in- different to their aborted plot to kill Cuban Premier Fidel Castm, a fcirmer CIA 'official said yesterday. Kennedy was angry at the CIA's involving itself with the Mafia "because at the time he was very strong on crime-busting," former CIA general counsel Lawrence R. Houston told reporters. When Kennedy was briefed on the plot to kill Castro, Houston said, "he didn't seem very perturbed abont Castro. At least, he didn't I say anything." What Kennedy did say, according to Houston, was, "If you're going to have anything . to do with the Mafia again, come to me first." Houston, the CIA's chief lawyer for 26 years until his retirement in 1973, appear- ed before a House subcom- mittee Yesterday to answer questions about a 20-year agreement between the CIA and the.Justice Department thit let the CIA � decide when its personnel should be prosecuted for breaking the law. Although questions of pos- sible illegal conduct should have been referred to him U nder CIA procedures, Houston testified, he learn- ed recently of several il- legal activities carried on by the CIA. Houston's comments about the aborted Mafia-CIA plot to kill Castro in 1960-61 ' represented the fullest pub- lic account yet made. Houston said he approach- ed the Justice Department when one of its investiga- tions into an associate of Mafia figures Sam Glan- cana and Johnny, Roselli threatened to reveal the plot. By that time, April, 1962, the plot had been aborted by unknown of- ficials in the CIA, Houston said. He said he had been told the plot to kill Castro was shaped in 1960, although See HOUSTON, AZ, Col. 3 "I had been hoph substantially better ance than that. Now I difficult," Rees said. Rees, who will It White House econom) dog agency next wee turn to Princeton Ui said the real disaPIN in the consumer prii was not the steep rise line and meat but tin declines anywhere els, "Everything is up month ago," Rees thought somewhere would he somethii would have gone dowr Grocery store price rose 0.6 per cent in IV up 1.9 per cent�in Ju of the rise was accou by a sharp 5.8 per crease in meat prices. Fruit and vegetabl, rose 2.4 per cent in Ju falling in April an Other major food grot as dairy products or either fell or remain( ally the same. Gasoline prices rds See ECONOMY, AS, Hathaway Interior Secretar Bethesda naval hos yesterday he is su: brought about by Sp acy, foreign or domestic. The Rockefeller commission report on the CIA said in June .that it found no credible evi- dence of CIA involvement in the Kennedy assassination. In other developments. Nes- sen said that the President's Invitation to Russian writer Alexander Solzhenitsyn to meet him at the White House ,Was open despite the writer's criticism of the President. Solzhenitsyn was quoted by The New York Times yester- 'day as charging that Mr. Ford -Would be participating in l`f the betrayal of Eastern Eu- -rope" by attending the 35-na- tion meeting on European se- curity in Helsinki next week. The Nobel prize winner said he saw no point_ in meeting 41-ie� President in view of Mr. �-rord's support of the security � ;agreement, The Times said. Questioned about the secu- -rify agreement to.'he signed at -thajlelsinld" conference after 'ears of negotiationS,7:Nes- ite.n. said the agreement !"in no � :Way legally settlesthe borders ih Eastern Europe." It- obli- � ates the signers not to "ihange borders by-force but. tc � :make any changes by peaceful Nessen said. �Z� � Critics Of the agreement, -� which the Soviet Union has :long sought, have charged that .it in effect ratifies Soviet dom- ination of Eastern Europe. :�7 Administration officials, de- nying this, are expected to ern-, mission he helped draft the re- port. "We said that Lee Har- vey Oswald was the assassin," the President recalled, "We .said that the commission had found no evidence of a con- , - ir :30 Die in Crash Agence France-Presse � � CULIACAN, Mexico,. July 22 least 30 people were :-hurned to death near here yes- r:terday. when they were trap- ed in 'a bus which caught fire --after a collision with an auto- . . � :mobile. - ; President Ford yesterday announced that he would nom- inate Martin R. Hoffmann, general counsel of the De- fense pepartment. to be Sec- retary of the Army. If confirmed by the Senate. Hoffmann would succeed Howard H. (Bo) Callaway, who resigned earlier this month to be chairman of the President's re-election campaign. Hoffmann, 43, is a former special assistant to the Secre- tary of Defense and a former legal counsel to Sen. Charles H. Percy (R-Ill.). He also served as general counsel of the Atomic Energy Commis- sion. A native of Stockbridge, Mass., Hoffmann is a graduate of Princeton University and the University of Virginia Law School. After service in the Army -he was an assistant p..8; at,toi, 0y-here and later Was asSoti- ated with thaNniversity Com- puting Co. Of !Dallas. The White House also an- nounced that Mr. Ford plans to nominate !two new under secretaries-James 'A.'. Raker. III of Houston, in the Depart- ment of Commerce, and Ed- win H. Yeo III of Sewickley Pa., in the Treasury Depart- ment. Baker, 45, is a lawyer who has been a partner In a Hous- ton firm since 1967. Yeo, 4_1, a native of YoungStown. Ohio, Will ;serve as under secretary of the treasury for monetary affairs. He is now vice chair- man of the Pittsburgh Corp. and Pittsburgh National Bank. President Ford also an- nounced that he plans to nom- inate James D. Isbister to head the new Alcohol, Drug Abuse and Mental Health Ad- ministration: mucn better:- 1 Hathaway went to see Pres- Ma. rtin Hoffmann to Be Named- Army S. ecretaryl.H ent Ford on July 15 to tell Ishister, 38, has been serv- ing since 1974 as the acting administrator. Before that he spent a year in London as an academic visitor at the School of Economics and the United Kingdom Medical .Research Council. He held posts with the Na- tional Institute of Mental Health from 1967 to 1973, serv- ing for three years as its deputy director. lsbister. a native of Mt. Cle- mens. Mich., lives in Potomac, Md. Later the White House also announced Mr: Ford's inten- tion to nominate: � Robert E. Patricelli, Sims- bury, Conn., to head the Ur- ban Mass Transportation Ad- ministration. He held policy- making positions at the Health, Education and Welfare Department during the Nixon administration. � Asaph H. Hall, acting chief of the Federal Railroad Administration since last year, to permanent status. � John H. Holloman, a Jackson, Miss., lawyer, to be a member of the Federal Power Commission. He was chief lawyer for the Senate Judici- ary Committee from 1967 to 1973. � Austin N. Heller, New York, to be assistant adminis-, trator of the Energy Research and Development Administra- tion. Witness Says CIA-Mafia Tie 'Perturbed' RFK HOUSTON, From Al how it got started was "a lit- tle vague" and he said he did not know who ordered it. " When the discussion came up, Houston said, the head of the CIA's Office of Semi. rity col. Sheffield:.-EdWars said, " `I 'Ye got a fellow with some interesting contacte, That person, Houston said, was Robert hlaheu; a former FBI agent and then an asSO- elate of billionaire Howard �Hughes. Either through W- hen or by him, contact was made with Roselli, Houston said. The 'first contact was made by persons purporting to represent business inter- ests so Roselli would not know he was dealing with the CIA, Houston said. Ultimately,- however, the plan to kill Castro � which was to have been coordi- nated with the Bay of Pigs invasion � was called off. Houston said he was not aware until recently that the plot had been reinstated after his conversation with Robert Kennedy. Houston's account was heatedly denied by Herbert J. Miller Jr., assistant attor- ney general in charge of the Criminal Division in 1962 and a friend of Robert Ken- nedy. Miller said he talked to Houston but never about a plot involving the CIA and the Mafia. Nor did he accept Houston's statement that Kennedy had been told. "If Bob Kennedy had known about some plot to assassi- nate Castro involving the CIA and the Mafia, he would have told me about it and I know damn well he' never told me about it," Miller said. "It just couldn't happen that this would come up and he wouldn't tell me. It just couldn't hap- pen." In answer to questions from Chairman Bella-Abzug (D-N.Y.) and other commit- tee members, Houston testi- fied that he learned only re- cently of several illegal CIA activities�including open-. ing mail and conducting do- mestic surveillance against American citizens. Under a 1954 agreement, the CIA was allowed to de- terrnine v:hen to tell the Justice Department of viola- tions of law by its employ- ees. Abzug said the agree- ment: which apparently was forgotten by the Justice De- partr�ent until last Decem- ber, was "improper, proba- bly illegal and certainly a; dereliction of duty" by the department. Abzug released a letter from the current CIA gen- eral counsel, John S. Warner, giving brief description's of 20 cases that were referred to the Justice Department by the CIA for considera- tion between 1954 and 1975. One case, According fo the letter, "invelved a murder which took place Outside the United States. Allegations were made that two agency employees helped dispose of the body. The (deputy chief for intelligence) discussed the case with the Attorney General in October, 1955. The Attorney General's of- fice did not take any action 'due to the legal jurisdic- tional restrictions ipvolved.' " No further details of the incident were immediately available. The subcommittee also heard testimony from Dep- uty Assistant Attorney Gen- eral Kevin T. Maroney, who spent 19 years in the Justice Department's Internal Secu- rity Division and now is in- volved with others in the de- partment's inquiries into the CIA and the FBI. Asked if he did not have a "problem" investigating agencies with which he had worked, Maroney denied knowing that any informa- tion he received had been il- legally obtained. "When the Attorney General acts," Ma- roney said, "he'll know my background. If that's a prob- lem, I assume he'll take it into account." Bavarian Maneuvers Agence France-Presse MUNICH�July 22-7-The West German army an- nounced today that 53,000 sol- diers of the Bundeswehr and 9,400 U.S., French . and Cana- dian troops will join in maneu- vers in Bavaria Sept. 15 to 19. him he was not feeling well, Nessen said. The President sent Hathaway to White House physician Dr. William M. Lukash, who suggested that ! he go to the Bethesda naval hospital. He was admitted to ; the hospital at 4:30 that after- noon. i Doctors and Interior Depart- Iment aides suggested that the unexpectedly r ough Senate confirmation battle may have played some part in Hath- away's illness. Hearings drag- ged on for almost six weeks in May and June before the Senate confirmed him by a 60-to-36 vote on June 11. I During the h ear ings, !senators attacked Hathaway's !record on environmental is- sues. They said that he had i allowed unregulated strip min- ing in Wyoming and had sided with industry over environ- mental concerns. . At one point, Democratic members of the Senate Inte- rior Committee forced Hatha- way to concede- that a .state- ment he had issued praising his environmental record was not Always balanced or accu- rate. . As a popular Republican governor of Wyoming, aides said, Hathaway was unpre- pared for that kind of sharp questioning. . "I don't think there Was any- ; thing in his background to 1 Beal the July 31 prtce rise! 1700 New Metal HEAVY DUTY Folding Chairs Pilot $ A 5 19.80 S Us, �S6,50 While.quantities last BALTO. CHAIR CO. Area 301 � 647-6958 the outer contir;enti coal leases on publ His aides said t way worked long ID department and tot reading load home trying to get on tot tant issues. In his statement issued through th Department, Hathi he has been visit- hospital by his f: close friends and ti conferred with aide The hospital said that Hathaway "is p well and is in s condition." bastinsto Second Class PON at Washington, D.C. at 1150 15th St.N.141 Telephone thirtibera: (Are; 223-6000--News & 223-6100-A-Circulatio 223-6200-.Classified Direct Lines: 223-7300---Distrid N 223-7313�MdNe 223-7582-0mbudsn 223-8060�Sports Sc' The Associated Press' is clusively to use for repu all news dispatches cred11 not otherwise credited In and local news of spontar Published herein. SINGLE.COPY Daily lk, SOndalf 513c Per MD., VA., within approx Daily 20c, SUnday 60c pe yond apprOx. 75 miles In Daily -2k,- Sunday 7k Pe rand MD. & VA. CARRIER DELIVI Daily and Sunday: 1 m Daily Only: I month, 13 Only, 50c per issue in D.0 VA., all other 60c per iss MOTOR ROUTE DEL Beyond S county area f and Prince Georges, McL, Alexandria and Fairfax, and Sunday: $5.50 Per rm Only: $3.6.5 per month; SUI 60c per COPY. BY MAIL U.S. & TERR (Payable in Advan Daily and Sunday: 1 ye 6 months, 1.53.75: 3 mon I month, 9.50. Daily OM 570.00; 6 months, 135.00: $17.50; 1 month, 5.85. Si I year, $42.70; 6 months months, 00.70: 1 rnonth, Rates to Foreign COuntri Furnished UPon Reg ainkamsc clan Sale at Chevy Chase Only Senate Confirms Mathews for HEW/ �