FOIA ON MARTIN LUTHER KING

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: Records Related to the Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy
• Collection: Records Related to the Assassination of Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 00564613
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 295
• Document Creation Date: June 6, 2025
• Document Release Date: June 12, 2025

'104-10433-10209 2025 RELEASE UNDER THE PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY ASSASSINATION RECORDS ACT OF 1992 iarIC.:-_� LPG.% 4.71W1.1%.- �r.u.pt I Merl II UM Ji-L PU I %owl I UNCLASSIFIED I I CONFIDEMAL .,1 I SECRET .- OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP TO NAME AND ADDRESS DATE INITIALS 1 LetAlAzcz.. tzfonpazik, 2 4 . 5 _ 6 ACTION DIRECT REPLY PREPARE REPLY APPROVAL DISPATCH RECOMMENDATION COMMENT FILE RETURN CONCURRENCE INFORMATION SIGNATURE Remarks: �sguitiocicvlat-- les\- k-tyrsx. 4 1 44�a&i c-asan�Ot NI-14 o aOr�,% lst. t4--h Ct...VN2.3.%� On 0\42FP (iNci4rt LL5A)m, o 0 i ...,,e_tA bio-r-tc. 01...b, +Awl\ bl�'�c-i- docs. 4elit TiNt. pen\ Arts.oca2 44iNci ''' QQ-4 4402-INNes:LA P�LA-1-4/ dkkSc-cppozActis, 1-- ' 'i�e.4..k u...va.vs. t4...4.. 144.3.A..)- FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER 11014111 cat.. DATE FROM: NAME. ADDRESS AND PHONE NO. CClikajr� SI 1 IP I CLASSIFIED I I CONFIDE IAL 1 ECRET FONIN NO. 237 Use previous editions 1-67 (40) 13-00000 �4CSSIMEO SUBJECT: (Optional) /4,2474) 1_ mcleMEREEMT/phoe,r- 0/DDO/FIO INTERNAL USE ONLY 045 - 0. CONFIDENTIAL EXTENSION /ON D SECRET REQUEST NUMBER smfs- KR�QuEst, DATE SENT SjCiAle S- 3 � SUSPENSE DATE TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) 1. OPSJITG ATTN: Mary ..M71 Tube ES-2 2, 3. If DATE RECEIVED FORWARDED OFFICER'S INITIALS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) 18J UN1976 4116,44.i IL 5. 4.1/ 6. C/OPS/ITG e.9 " 4, �)Uass� '37a 7. 8. DDO/FIO att: Annette tubes CT-5 , 2E1415 10. 12. RETURN TO. rvi IA 4 0 (firca-z ka-1- ck re_ In v-vAnst- /_�/ No record of subject 0 No info identifiable with subject /g1 See attached memorandum /�4/.014464.1s-.1- FORM 2749 1 -75 -��� 0 SECRET 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 I tiNSTEERM, El UNCLk 13-00000 SONFIDEVIAL 2 7 JUL 1976 MEMORANDUM FOR: Privacy and Information Officer, DDO SUBJECT: Weisberg Request (Martin Luther King, Jr.) Part I REFERENCE: 76-F-382 1. This office maintains a three volume sensitive (unofficial) file on the Subject. We no longer maintain 201 file (201-760966); Dr. King's files and documents were closed out on 6 November 1974 and forwarded to IP files on 25 May 1976. A further check of other records in this office revealed the following information relevant to the Subject. While a large number of documents are available which mention King, the majority are dated after his death and in some way are related to world reaction to his assassination which was on 4 April 1968, prior to the implementation of the MHCHAOS program, 4 July 1968. a. The following overt items (excerpts from books published) are considered releasable to the requestor. There are no exemptions. Black Power/White Resistance, (EX-3283) by Fred Powledge; The Negro Revolt, (EX-3267) by Louis E. Lomax; Ghetto Rebellion to Black Liberation, (EX-3212) by Claude M. Lightfoot; Is Anybody Listening to Black America, (EX-3573) by C. Eric Lincoln; Martin Luther. King, Jr., (EX-3670) by William Robert Miller; SNCC - The New Abolitionists, (EX-2108) by Howard Zinn; The Black Muslims in America, (EX-2109) by C. Eric Lincoln; Negro and Jew, (EX-3573) by Shloma Katz; Chronicles of Black Protest, (EX-3439) by Dr. C. Eric Lincoln; The Black Messiah, (EX-3669), by Albert B. Cleage, Jr.; Black Power and White Protestants, (EX-3211), by Joseph C. Hough, Jr.; The Negro Mood, (EX-2127) by Lerome Bennett, Jr.; Black Man's Burden, (EX-3571) by John Oliver Killens; When Negros March, (EX-3577) by IERLIMPOET CL Pvfiff223.1 13-00000 Herbert Garfinkel; Black Man's America, (EX-3208) by Simeon Booker; Staff Study by The Committee on Internal Security, (EX-4866) dated 1970; Testimony of Gerald Wayne Kirk, Hearings of the Committee on the Judiciary, (EX-7044) 1970; Hearings Before the Committee on Un- American Activities, (EX-2131) 1968; Riots, Civil and Criminal Disorders, Hearings before the Sub-Committee on Investigations, (EX-2169) June 20 and 21, 1968; The New Left, Memorandum prepared for the Committee on the Judiciary, (EX-3535), 9 October 1968; National Review, 3 May. 1967; The Rebel (published in Exile), May-June 1967; The New World of Negro Americans, (EX-3571) by Harold R. Isaacs. b. The following overt items which mention the Subject and/or his activities are not available in this office. hington Star, dated 14 August 1968 Was 'ngton Star, dated 4 February 1969 Wash]. gton Star, dated 8 May 1968 Washin ton Star, dated 14 April 1968 Washing n Star, dated 20 January 1969 Washingto Star, dated 10 November 1968 Washington tar, dated 29 March 1969 Soul Newspap r (EX-3653), 1 December 1969 New York Time dated 13 April 1967 New York Times, dated 18 August 1968 New York Times, ated 5 October 1969 Time, dated 12 Ap 1 1968 Liberation News, da ed November 1967 Committee Newsletter dated May 1967 D.C. Catholic Standar dated 18 July 1968 Militant (pg. 5), date. 22 November 1968 Ottawa Citizen, dated 1 December 1968 Sepia (pg. 66) (EX-3592), ecember 1969-destroyed Jet Magazine (pg. 17) (EX- 94), 7 August 1967- destroyed The Black Panther (pg. 10) da d 1969 Washington Post, dated 1 Septem er 1967 Washington Post, dated 15 Novemb r 1968 Washington Post, dated 28 June 19 Washington Post, dated 26 May 1968 Washington Post, dated 24 December 1968 13-00000 cor.IDENTIAL shington Wa?h. gton Washin on Washingto Washington Washington Washington Washington Washington Washington Washington Washington Post, dated Post, dated Post, dated Post, dated t dated Pos dated Post, ed Post, date Post, dated Post, dated Post, dated Post, dated 14 December 1968 19 November 1968 22 September 1968 17 August 1968 29 March 1968 20 March 1968 24 May 1968 7 November 1968 ril 1968 12 Ma 968 1 April 68 14 March 1969 c. The following overt items pertaining to the Assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. are releasable to the requestor. There are no exemptions. Look, 15 April 1969; Washington Star, 24 April 1968; 12 March 1969; 13 March 1969; 17 March 1969; 20 March 1969; 23 March 1969; 24 March 1969; 1 April 1969; 2 April 1969; 4 April 1969; 13 April 1969; 24 April 1969; �27 May 1969; 16 July 1969; 31 May 1969; New York Times, 10 March 1969; 7 March 1969; 8 March 1969; 14 March 1969; 16 April 1969; 23 May 1969; 24 May 1969; 26 May 1969; 1 June 1969; UPI-108, 3 January 1969; Washington Post, 3 January 1969; 18 January 1969; 28 January 1969; 31 January 1969; 8 February 1969; 8 March 1969; 11 March 1969; Tass International Service, 11 March 1969; Daily World, 12 March 1969; Washington Post, 12 March 1969; 13 March 1969; 17 March 1969; 18 March 1969; 20 March 1969; 22 March 1969; 23 March 1969; 26 March 1969; 8 April 1969; 12 April 1969; Item from News Dispatches, 1969; The Sunday Star, 16 March 1969; Item from Associated Press, 8 April 1969; Associated Press, 14 June 1969; Associated Press item, 13 May 1969; Associated Press item, 14 May 1969; Washington Post, 21 May 1969; 23 May 1969; 20 May 1969; 27 May 1969; 26 May 1969; 25 May 1969; 16 July 1969; 30 May 1969; 16 March 1969; 27 June 1969; 20 June 1969; 26 June 1969; Washington Star; 4 May 1968; Washington Star, 29 May 1968; Time, 13 September 1968; Washington Post, 19 September 1968; Chicago Daily News Service, undated; Washington Star, 18 September 1968; Washington Star, 23 September 1968; Los Angeles Times, 7 August 1968; Dots .zit=-1- c9icActits 3 E) Ps IZT-G__ &Aim_ luotatito-x-1-1/ 13-00000 Washington Post, 16 August 1968; Washington Star, 6 July 1968; Reuters, London, 6 July 1968; Washington Post, 22 July 1968; Time, 26 July 1968; Washington Star, 12 April 1968; Washington Star, 13 April 1968; Washington Post, 13 April 1968; Washington Star, 14 April 1968; Washington Post, 14 April 1968; Washington Post, 16 April 1968; Delta Democrat Times, 16 April 1968; Washington Star, 17 April 1968; Washington Star, 18 April 1968; Washington Star, 19 April 1968; undated item; undated item; Washington Star, 23 April 1968; Washington Star, 23 April 1968; Washington Star, 24 April 1968; Washington Post, 6 May 1968; Reuters, London, undated; Reuters, undated; Reuters, 16 July 1968; Associated Press, 9 July 1968; 16 July 1968; Reuters, 16 July 1968; Reuters, 9 July 1968; UPI-122, 9 July 1968; UPI-48, 10 July 1968; UPI-129, 15 July 1968; UPI-48, 12 July 1968; Associated Press, 17 July 1968; Reuters, 2 July 1968; Associated Press, 2 July 1968; Reuters, undated; London, 2 July 1968; UPI-30, 2 July 1968; Reuters, 8 July 1968; UPI-21A, 2 July 1968; UPI-125, 2 July 1968; London, 2 July 1968; London, 2 July 1968; Associated Press, 2 July 1968; UPI-8, 2 July 1968; London, 2 July 1968; London, 2 July 1968; Reuters, undated; Reuters, undated, Reuters, 2 July 1968; Associated Press, 18 July 1968; London, 18 July 1968; Reuters, 18 July 1968; Associated Press, 18 July 1968; Associated Press, 18 July 1968; Reuters, 17 July 1968; Reuters, 17 July 1968; London, 17 July 1968; Associated Press, 17 July 1968; Reuters, undated; London, undated; Associated Press, July 1968; Reuters, 17 July 1968; Associated Press, 17 July 1968. d. The following documents are releasable in sanitized form to the requestor under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act. Excised portions are exempt as noted. DIRT-06733, 23 September 1964, exempt under (b)(3)(a); (b)(3)(b); OIRT-06733, 16 October 1964, exempt under (b)(3)(a); (b)(3)(b); CSCI-315/02051-64, exempt under (b)(3)(a); (b)(3)(b); S-19, 5 October 1967, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(6); S-20, 5 October. 1967, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(6); UWCA-3510, 11 October. 1967, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(6); EX-01655, 5 November 1967, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(6); MWAVE-1417, 26 February exempt und r (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b); Georgetown-5024, 05 4 101.%-) 4 13-00000 26 February. 1968, exempt under (b)(6); EX-895, 7 March 1968; exempt under (b)(6); Kingston-4004, 6 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b), (b)(1)5(B)(1); Mexico City-5143, 7 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b).(3)(b); Tokyo-9443, 10 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b); , Di-r-9-0-540-,-14-Apzi.1_1.9111,exemp.t under. (b) (3) (ah..- (b)-(3) (42) (b) (6) ;-mexica-----51.8,97-10-2kPri4-1464-r-exemPt- der 3MWAVE-2022, 12 April 1968; exempt un er (b)(3)(b); Berlin-2149, 15 April 1968, exemptom,1 under (b)(3)(b), (b)(6); -B4T=-92-6-6-4-7-t8-10Tva�M517-(w7) fa.x.ezip.t..-ttnglex�(b-}-�3--)-(iTY;mtb)-(try; Memo draft, dated 26 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a) (if USIB concurs); vOpsoy, m4ii3-07:,hr=1:40140:;.B-173, 19 September 1968, exem under (b)(3)(b); RL.-1-843--14-Nar B-2628, 21 May 1971, (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b), (b)(6); Budapest-017, 19 May 1971, (b)(3)(b), (b)(6),-EX=111-6, Memorandum, 28 November 1975, exempt under (b)(3)(b). e. The following Top Secret (SI) documents which mention either Dr. or Mrs. King are held in OPS/ITG (SI) vault: 074074!9444,--64-48 ) 3/0/Q0F/T151-67 3/0/Q0Y/T-58-68 -V-&-/-6010PTY-Tttl=t8 -574-9.7i-GGERY.Ttt=t-9 3/4/GO4T/T92 69 3/0/Q0Y/T57-67 1,414481351944�1=t9 3/0/Q0F/T95-67 3/0/Q0F/T106-67 44-946444444477 69 2. The following documents are exempt from release; exemptions are as cited. 5 UL. 13-00000 CONFIDENTIAL (eS- 1') Cables: (a) Kingston-4905, dated 8 April 1968; according to (RUABBE/l) a Jamatean service four groups are trying to get demonstrations going against the Amembassy, but without success; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1). (b) Bogota-0654, dated 10 April 1968; (GISOY/GIJAY) unit intercepted propaganda items from Cuban mail pouch. Disclosure to the requestor would identify a clandestine method of the station for obtaining information; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (c) Mexico City-5210, dated 15 April 1968; Para. 3 of this cable mentions an intercepted letter addressed to President Johnson protesting the King assassination. (LITEMPO/12) a member of a Mexican service provided the information; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1). (d) Mexico City-5249, dated 17 April 1968; the Legal Attache provided composite photos of suspect in connection with King assassination and asked for check of visitors to Soviet and Cuban embassies; exempt under (b)(3)(a). (e) Bogota-0703, dat d 20 April 1968 (GISOY) surveillance team followed American National with a striking resemblance to Galt, xempt under (b)(3)(a)` and (b)(6). (f) Paris-9506, da Forman's arrival in Paris, the Subject; exempt under (b)(3) 22 April 1968; concerns "dental reference to and (b)(6). (g) Nairobi-3000, dated 14'NT,ine 1968; source (TGFLER/1) stated he had an intervtewwith Robert F. Williams. Incidental reference to the -Subject; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (h) Director-48988, datcd 7 November 1968; concerns a Richard George Prrin, incidental reference to the Subject in a record p taining to another subject and should not be considered a ocument responsive to the requestor; exempt under (b) (a) and (b)(6). 6 CONrilDEnAL 13-00000 62- (11 (e7 CONFIDENTIAL (i) Addis Ababa- 27, dated 18 August 1971; source (JEPYX-1) enterta ed Hosea Williams in his home during latter's visit to Ethiopia. Incidental reference to the Subject; ex mpt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). All \o�(0G-W) dt,...4 to - 0 Dispatches: utFtjr�'-) legaS IC/ (a) OELA-48626, date a\49 January 1968; forwards a memorandum prepared by (Ru s F. Rodigast) which deals with MHALPHA-related individua � incidental reference to the Subject; exempt under (b) )(a) and (b)(6). (b) FJTA-53902, �dated 29 January 1968; forwards a pamphlet (which also contains an article mentioning Dr. King's name) from BEHEIREN Hqs. in Tokyo, obtained by (POFRAGRANCE) a unilateral source still active and sensitive; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (c) OEPA-982, dated 1 March 1968; forwards a copy of recent correspondenc between (QRPHONE/1) and (QRPEONY/1). Incidental refe nce to the Subject; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)( (d) OEPA-1058, dated 17"Ajril 1968; contains operational information submitte by the Station concerning (RODIGAST);contains an Icidental mention of the name Dr. Martin Luther King; xempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (e) OEPA-1097, dated 29 April 1968; is a report by (RODIGAST) on SNCC activities in Paris in the aftermath of the Dr. King assassination; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (f) HMMA-34688, dated 20 May 1968; contains items from (LIBIGHT/LIMUD) a sensitive teletap and mail intercept operation coverage; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (g) FJTA-54934, ated 31 July 1968; Americans Invited to Leftist Con rence in Japan. (P0FRAGRANCE/1) a unilateral source stil1tactive and sensitive provided the information; exempt un er (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). Note: An extensive search fras failed to locate the attachment for this document. Nhe covering dispatch makes no mention of Dr. King or s assassination. 7 CONFIDENTIAL 13-00000 � (h) OCOA-13493, dated 27 September 1968; is a report forwarded by (SMABOVE) a Canadian service; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1). (i) OELA-51949, dated 0 February 1970; (JAGUAR) a British service forwarded p ess clippings (they contained an incidental mention f the name Dr. King) by or about a Jonathan Power; exe1llpt under (b)(1)(5)B(1). (j) FZWA-2412, dated 8p.ember 1970; Subject: Activities of Andrew Pulley in Ne Zealand; contain an incidental mention of the name Dr. King; (MLDUST) a New Zealand servvice provided the in rmation; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1). (k) ANLA-4097, dated 16 De ember 1970; concerns a memorandum passed to (KRHOLLY) Nigerian security service requesting information on ah4 watchlisting of the MHCHAOS group who were destined fN Africa; contain an incidental mention of the name Dr.King; exempt under (b)(3)(a). (1) OCOA-17031, dated 27 June 1972; (SMABOVE) a Canadian service provided a report on the Day of African Solidarity; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1). Memoranda: (a) EX-1239, dated 22 Au st 1967; is a Biographic Summary on Kunstler, William Mos incidental refefhce to the Subject; exempt under (b)(3 and (b)(6). (b) Memorandum S-13, ted 5 October 1967; Subject: Views of the Revere d Daniel Mallette on the Black Militant Situation in Chicago; incidental reference to the Subject; the in rmation was obtained by QRPHONE/1, a sensitive unilatera source in a personal interview with Father Mallette; exemp under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (c) B-35, dated 8 February 1968; Black Nationalist Writers in Paris; incidental re erence to the Subject; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6 8 G441443-EINtAt 13-00000 iL) (d) B-75, dated 9 April 1968; Subject: Attempted Anti U.S.-Demonstrations in Kingston, according to the Special Branch of the Jamaican security service; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1). (e) Memorandum, date 16 April 1968; Subject: Tentative Plans of Senator 1bert Kennedy to Visit West Berlin on 1 May. Incide tal referenc to the Subject; exempt under (b)(3)(a and (b)(6). (f) EX-1623, (rewritten dated 17 April 1968; Subject: Biographic Summary ofKHayden, Thomas Emmett, incidental reference to the Subj t; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (g) B-88, dated 18 April 1968; FBI provided our representative in Mexico with composite photos of suspected killer; exempt under (b)(3)(a). (h) B-89, dated 22 Apri 1968; Subject: Radio Messages for Stokely Carmichael uring April 1968 riots in Washington, D.C. Incideh4al reference to the Subject; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and(b)(6). (i) B-92, dated 23 April 68; Subject: Arrival of James Rufus Forman in Paris ih�ental reference to the Subject; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (j) �B-97, dated 25 April 1968; Subject: Investigation of Death of Martin Luther King, Jr.; concerns a subject who did not appear to be identical with FBI's suspect; exempt under (b)(3)(a). (k) EX-1183 (rewrite of 9 July 1967), dated 26 April 1968; is a Biographic etch of Howard Zinn; incidental reference to the Subje � exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (1) EX-1490, dated 14 June 1968; is a Biographic Summary on Mark William Rudd; inc ental reference to the Subject; exempt under (b)(3)(aand ('b)(6). (m) EX-2148, dated 4 Septem 1968; is a Biographic Summary on Szymanski, Albert John Jr, incidental reference to the Subject; exempt under (3)(a) and (b)(6). 9 13-00000 , (n) B-191, dated 9 October 1968; Subject: Jamaican Special Branch Report - Jamaica/ United States Black Power Ties; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1). (o) B-308, dated 17 February 1969; Subject: Bahamas/United States Black Power Ties; report of a British service; exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1). 5 I- 131-/ gai-v - of 2 ,3,i7 (p)71B-618, dated 8 September 1969; Subject: World Council of Peace planned delegates to Paris; a sensitive reliable source revealed a Clarence Fielden Jones as being in contact with Martin Luther King; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (q) EX-9272, dated 21 N ember 1972; is a summary about Ralph Henry: incidental r erence to the Subject; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (r) EX-10198, dated 2 May 1972, concerns VB#5 and miscellaneous commen by (MHRUPEE): incidental reference to the Sub ect; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (s) CSCI-1763, dated 14 May 1968 201-760966); this file has been closed.� N..m.0J 3. Thirty FBI reports which mention the Subject and/or his activities. Excluded under 1900.3(g)(4). See Attachment I. 4. The cited documents are available in this office if needed. Attachment: a/s J. R,�an Chief, Inter ationl erro ism Group 0 erations Staff 10 13-00000 . �� , TRANSMITTAL SLIP i� DATE ' TO: OPS/ITG ROOM NO. BUILDING REMARKS Pis note which of the SI docs. , mention Mrs. King only. AIMANINXNN4NNXINNX Is NSA:the orginating agency for all of these? i . A FRO /4- 1-- mFelton DDO/PIC I ROOM NO. BUILDING EXTENSION 1644 FORM NO. 2141 REPLACES FORM 36-B WHICH MAY BE USED. ( 47) 13-00000 4 4 � � ,,-February 1968, exempt under (b)(6); EX-895, 7 'March 1968; exempt under (b)(6); Kingston-4004, 6 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b), (b)(1)5(B)(1); Mexico City-5143, 7 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b); Tokyo-9443, 10 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b); Dir-90530, 10 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b), (b)(6); Mexico-5188, 10 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(b); 3MWAVE-2022, 12 April 1968; exempt under (b)(3)(b); Berlin-2149, 15 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(b), (b)(6)1 Dir-92664, 18 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(b), (b)(6); Memo draft, dated 26 April 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a) (if USIB concurs); -FHHT-6444, 7 May 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), (b)(6); Stockholm-9024, 7 June 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(a), 7/(b)(3)(b), (b)(6); B-173, 19 September 1968, exempt under (b)(3)(b); RL-188, 13 November 1968, (b)(3)(a); B-2628, 21 May 1971, (b)(3)(a), (b)(3)(b), (b)(6); Budapest-017, 19 May 1971, (b)(3)(b), (b)(6), EX -87-2-6; 27 Sc e t under-thYf(b)-T-fh)--(-6); Memorandum, 28 November 1975, exempt under (b)(3)(b). e. The following Top Secret (SI) documents which mention either Dr. or Mrs. King are held in OPS/ITG (SI) vault: 3i104QEPOT----6+-6-8 3/0/QOF/T151-67* � 3/0/Q0Y/T-58-68* -3.41:14G.OLLT-74-9-2---Er9- 1 3/0/Q0Y/T57-674f 3-PIAGillIT;a44=3=Ffr9 I 3/0/Q0F/T95-67* , 3/0/Q0F/T106-67* !-34-0-/-GOUT/T177 69 2. The following documents are exempt from release; exemptions are as cited. 5 13-00000 V)Avi.3 � t I R T - \ 601 e s-i_L 3b L 4\1 / NsAAA.,15 � - IjOCA /) DQA-1�7 -7 5� ik)e.,� L SejS1 -g --?s�--* .A�t&A og (9 1(7 liz*sA/ fq-u..& M_AJ-7/ h\LA),,,ito 4u:A Ti! c� \,DI (02 (0 ) 73 bi. 03) tx--)- e. . IA)44 /0-4A.,,cp: i . 10 (D. 4... b .t.. 6.7 CA 13-00000 6 I .-5-(7._1 -3)4/ 0(20-21 aia,(3,1)E (Za-L.LO A K\ A (c, b V-ITA� 11AFG-p-3c/R�??, t c Ic-71,3, 36 ma, 4, - 31.4 bq tc, /-771Irk1--6 i - "7 3 :1),o t,72 VA/St') 13-00000 ! 1 MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. Para C: I cannot match the documents with the list you provided. Please arrange the articles chronologically and number them lightly in pencil to correspond with numbers in a memo (see attached Memo from the DDA, 26 March 76, para 11... It would be useful if you would use that format for all your memos, as the way you have done it is very hard to follow without making errors. Also clipped documents have parts cut off of them or are almost unreadable. Can you provide better copies? Para D: I First document is a report whose number should be left in. Pis provide another resanitized copy. 2 Please delete dissemination controls in your sanitizations; other- wise we just have to do them over. Also classification was left on one doucment. See X814XX clips. I Please provide sanitized 1st a page of EX-895, 7 Mar X 68. 4 Please delete cite numbers from incoming cables. Many thanks. (ioLty D3t)1tc 13-00000 ?409-Ar UNCLASSIFIED 3JECT: iOptier.31) / ke'7174-1 INTERNAL 1-1 USE ONLY. El CONFIDENTIAL FRIlltfr'NreT/C/A?4,-- 0/DDO/FIO 0/ gXvivE- 09 ErlEsEnDN 1-4WPs 0 SECRET REQUE51" NUMBER 76- 3 e DATE SENT SUSPENSE DATE TO: (Officer designation. room number, arid buibing) icavo OPS[ITG ATTN: Mary.lie.rair- Tube ES-2 2. 3. DATE FORwAJWIV oFFKEWS INmmS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw o line across column after each comment.) Jjff 1976 ;11 rit4 5. 6. C/OPS/ITG 2? JUL 197; 7. 8. 9. DDO/FIO att: Annette tube: CT-5 , 2B1415 ry No record of subject 42/ No info identifiable with subject See attached memorandum "'"Itiiikimis0 � � 'Wk." 13-00000 91'6 UNCLASSIFIED SUBJECT: (Optional) INTERNAL USE ONLY El CONFIDENTIAL t'stht) 141eie / 6- (6ta E-600E-gr) Ej SECRET REOUES BER 3e2_ FROM: it)A-21' 0/DDO/FIO CT-5 EXTENSION 9415 DATE SENT /8- .7-v/v SUSPENSE DATE TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE RECEIVED CI Staff Pottelzeirit�Ronee*-- 04% 2C29 0).% FORWARDED OFFICER'S INITIALS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) Olt Cl/EXO 22 JUL 1976 Cl/PA (Graves . DDO/FIO Attn: Annette Tube: CT-5, 2B1415 10. 12. PRIORITY HANDLING FORM 3749 1-75 OP.11 22 July 1976 DDO/PIC: Please see attached comments. /7 No record of subject ry No info identifiable with subject Commte,,tT /?(See attached -amiesesazziem I. FOIA REQUEST 0 SECRET 0 CONFIDENTIAL INTERNAL CONFIDENTIALONLY 0 UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 22 July 1976 DDO/PIC Re: Martin Luther King (Request #F-76-382) In response to this request, CI Staff has no records with the exception of one document, prepared in the Office of Security: Memorandum for the Record, dated 1 July 1968, Subject: King, Coretta Scott (#541 487). A copy is attached for referral. .-) Dame! L. Roche, Jr. Cl/PA Attachment: Referral Document, As Above Miinitra1!ve -** -"�� 13-00000 : MEMORANDUM FOR : The Record� M. D. Stevens 1 FROM ,SUBJECT :v t 1 1. Subject, wi,thout question, is the Coretta SCOTT referred 12 to in an FBI report .on1Alfreda ABELL, #355 109, dated 10/29/54, which indicates that on 7 September 1951 ABELL, the Subject of a "Security �.Matter-C" type investigation, communicated with C. SCOTT, Route 1, , Box 158, Heiberger, Alabama, which address was identified as the resi- .1 1. dance of Coretta SCOTT. According to the postmaster at Heiberger, (in 1954?), Coretta SCOTT was then attending the New England Conservatory � $ of Music. (See attachment A) Mrs. Coretta Scott KING is said to have - t attended this Cotservatory and while there to have met her future �t husband. (See attachment B) 2. Alfreda ABELL, who.was a clerk in the UN Secretariat. from 1947 until 6/30/52 when her employment as terminated for security reasons, was said in the New, York Times on 2 January 1953 to be one of. 25 former employees of the UN ousted as one believed to be a communist or under communist discipline. While employed in the UN, ABELL was reportedly active on behalf of the Pro-Communist group of the UN Staff Committee and was friendly with, and actively participated in giving . a party in October 1951 to honor, four persons who had been dismissed , by the UN for security reasons. (le: Jeanne PICOU, identified as a 'member of the French Communist Party; Mary Jane'KEENEY, a CP'pember � :active in the Communist Party underground during- the late 3Q's-early- 40's; Benedict Soloman ALPER, also reported to be a CP member; and , Rajah HOWBANI, who was reportedly a Communist Party member and had received training in the Soviet Union. The individual said to be responsi- :ble for ABELL's employment in the UN, and to have been her supervisor there at one time, was Adam TARN, a Polish citizen said to be a Communist Party member. According to the FBI report on ABELL, she registered with::: the American Labor Party when voting in 1949 and 1952; subscribed to the National Guardian; and attended a W.E.B. DuBois testimonial. dinner in February 1951, to which she took Helen KAGAN as her guest. Coretta Scott 0541 487 AKA: Mrs. Martin Luther KING nee: Coretta SCOTT -1- GROUP I Excluded from automatic downgrading and vita � declassification .1.=041{ CaAteita Apes .14-ed 140 claim, oats: r , , 13-00000 � , 3; ABELL and Helen KAGAN, who also was terminated at the UN Secretariat for security reasons, were reported in October 1952 to f.;equently return to the UN premises where they were said to often bu seen in its Corridors conversing with certain Russians and alleged Communists. According to a confidential FBI informant, ABELL in ; March 1952 made a check payable to KAGAN in the amount of $1501 and 1 KACAN had made checks payable to ABELL on a number of occasions. f Helen KAGAN is Helen KAGAN-POZNER, AKA: Elena Aleksandrovna Wilga, etc., #348 486, who is suspected of having long engaged in Soviet intelligence i activities. Her brother, Vladimir A. POZNER, is an i&ct-.ified KGB offic.pr and her cousin, Vladimir Wolf POZNER,is-a knowr, :ember of the i French Communist. Party and is suspected of involvement in Soviet intelligence. Her long-time consort, Peter WILGA, a leading figure in the CPUSA, was also suspected of Soviet intelligence connections. i Helen KAGAN-POZNER WILGA is of continuing interest to the FBI and t to SRS. 4. At a Senate Internal Security Subcommittee hearing in 1 New York City in late 1952, Alfreda ABELL refused on grounds of self- ! incrimination to say whether she was then or ever had been a communist, whether sheitried toorganize UN workers, or whether since leaving the UN in the Summer of 1952 she had revisited UN headquarters in the role ; of a communist organizer. The FBI continued to have an interest in ; ABELL until at least Lecember 1961, the date of an FBI report in her. ( file. ; 5. The postmaster tit Heiberger, Alabama in advising regarding. Coretta SCOTT, as stated above, commented that .she had in,the past sung on the same program with Paul ROBESON at ROBESON's personal invitation. (Louis BUDENZ has stated that prior to his, (BUMENZ), defection from the Communist Party in 1945, he knew Paul ROBESON as a secret member of-the Communist Party.) � � I.... ' � %stecLx.,4 GROUP 1 Excluded (corn automatic downgrading and I 1 3-00000 IiiICLASSIFIED - HR-5430':( 1041 2:7 TUBE HT1 E2 IMPDET CL BY 044108 � G _Bean 101 1�1 DDI/FI0 04, G. Lawler RETURN TOt 'PS Vorhis 2E-50 � FORM 1�75 D SECRET 0 CONFIDENTIAL [i] luNsTEER:ty D UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 , UNCLAS,SIFIED RNA!. 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 SECRET SUBJECT: (Optional) 0->9�S' -14164, Re Martin Luther King, Jr. -- Harold Weisberg FROM: IPS Vorhis TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE � DDO/PIC F. C. Randall -1 Amber; GX-2 pis relay J)ct 3" os/IRG E. R. Duffy 4. , 5 e FELTON 4ARY DDO/PIC � EXT. 161;-4 RECEIVED FORWARDED EXTENSION DATE SENT 6 OFFICER'S INITIALS 1SUSPENSE DATE -' , HR-580. 1D127 TUBE HT1 , SECRET E2 IMPDET C.L BY 0011.13 MiLtZ-v L DpILFio C. Lawler 21;5104 RETURN TO s FORM q71.1.9 -75 Vorhis 2E,50 D SECRET [1] CMIDENTIAL REQUEST NUMBER F-76-382 17 June 76 24 June 76 COMMiNTS.,:(N' bor each comment to show from whom Ia whorn:-./0740-)ine across column after each comment.) litd\ Action V ILUtij e�Cr4:� ,4:^0te.A:&PCJE 4,441 Action ' .(g)6 %eLg)- E ONLY 4:6 UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 , UNCLASSIFIED 71 'INTERNAL L---J USE ONLY PRIORITY HAND SUBJECT: (Optional) 44-d7 1 geg, 16)6 (&513te-e6 eegoEsr 0 CONFIDENTIAL FROM: feAviggoer 0/DDO/FIO Ext. 9415 EXTENSION DATE SENT SUSPENSE DATE EQUEST NUMBER SECRET 4- 38a. TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE Kamm FORWARDED OFFICER'S INITIALS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) LOSG/OC Attn: P. Marine 2. 2B16 14- �,7 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. DDO/FIO Attn: Annett tube: CT-5, 2B1415 10. 12. RETURN TO1 record of subject /�/ No info identifiable with subject /:/ See attached memorandum PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST FORM f4749 1-75 s'� OP � 10 El SECRET CONFIDENTIAL ED USE ONLY 0 UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 UNCLASSIFIED ri INTERNAL L�I USE ONLY SUBJECT: (Optional) fi,izr L iffk eie- 1/6 (We, 5 84e.6- FROM: ....*DEMEERW-gbr 0/DDO/FIO PrIte' CT-5 EXTENSION 9415 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 SECRET DATE SENT REQUEST NUMBER irk )7)/Il F SUSPENSE DATE TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE RECEIVED FORWARDED OFFKR1 INITIALS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) FR PLANS Attn: Bob Baker 22 JUN 1978 2, BU-6 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. DDO/FIO Attn: Annette Tube: CT-5, 2B1415 10. 12. RETURN TO1 /4eo record of subject /�/ No info identifiable � with subject /�/ See attached memorandum PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST FORM 047149 I-75 1)1..9 0 SECRET 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 INTERNAL tiN El UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 , 0, UNCLASSIFIED El INTERNAL 1--1 USE ONLY SUBJECT: (Optional) - 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 SECRET REQUEST NUMBER TO: (Officer designation, room number, a building) EXTENSION 7/ DATE SENT ar76:5244,7/ SUSPENSE DATE DATE RECEIVED FORWARDED I. 0110401/�-Z-C. ath7 211-44y 2. 7e277 /eel - 3. OFFICER'S INITIALS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10: 12. RETURN TO PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST FORM qmq 1.75 0 SECRET 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 mum 0 UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 C/CIPS/ITG C ! �,CONFTENTIAL -17 rac sear'7 661*P.Rts:-. c(4141104aP, .05:111PP,fle, . Pie4gt rev 04% merits tcli."determin can be released to in full,;. insaniti - - _ they - If the documents are - releas le.in- full, please � . � hpethem by an: lithorized-officer,4f,your.,, , component. If deletions are to be made, please make them and forward the sanitized Version to this Staff to send to the requester. Cite the FOIA subsection which applies to the deleted portions. If the document is denied please cite the appropriate subsection(s) of the FOIA. In both of the above instances please name the denying official. � 4 13-00000 , UNCLASSIFIED ni INTERNAL USE ONLY El CONFIDENTIAL p SECRET PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST SUBJECT: (Optional) Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. la requested by Weisberg REQUEST NUMBER F76-382 FROM: DDO/PIC M. Felton 1D4125 EXTENSION 1644 TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE RECEIVED FORWARDED Mr. W. Strubitts al SA/LA/EICO ET-3. r- 2, 3. (rF-A\t OFFICER'S INITIALS JSUSPENSE DATE DATE SENT 5 Aug 76 'fail 9 Aug 76 COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom': to whom. � Draw a line across column after each comment.) 5. 6. 7. 8. DDO/PIC M. FElton HT-1 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO1 Ms review the attached for release to �Weisberg per his FOIA request. Ms cite exemptions for denials and partial denials. Thanks. MFel ton 2 to 8: Have sanitized the attached documents for release to Weisberg. PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST FORM q7u.9 1-75 tIN SECRET El CONFIDENTIAL ElISTEE R NA El UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 0 UNCLASSIFIED 1 L] INTERNAL 1---J USE ONLY 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 SECRET PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST SUBJECT: (Optional) Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. ,requested by Weisberg REQUEST NUMBER F76-362 FROM: M. Felton DDO/PIC 1D4125 TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE H. Thompson EA/OEM/FOI BU-2 3. mawm FORWARDED EXTENSION 1 644 OffKal INITIALS DATE SENT 5 Aug 76 tSUSPENSE DATE .9 .Aug 76 COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) 4. � 5. 6. 7. & M. Felton DDO/PIC HT_.1 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO1 OPS/ITG proposes we pass the attached document to Weisberg in response to his FOIA request. Do you agree with this and with their saniti- zation? In particular, do you agree with leaving the addressPit the top of the attachment to the dispatch? Thank you. MFelton a _ \-411,7 ?1' Itia% 91- A�e- ,vaa c-e -14 azim yliewav Lotte,a �bve yr,- .4, Ag/Nolef'd, z_ �44 L.,42_ Do tacrk. Lutiri " 0 .SLLiw . 7, 4 ji eta jug._ tIttek "atIALL. 40 titaitA4454- tai...vetu., to, :4 c 4442."411- 7)149 /fq jefhtiver:wx: Otteeta it_veckwe El SECRET 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 um 0 UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 UNCLAS5IFIED r-1 INTERNAL USE ONLY. 0 CONFIDENTIAL El SECRET PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST SUBJECT: (Optional) Martin Luther King, Jr., requested by Weisberg REQUEST NUMBER F76-382 FROM. uDO/PIC M. Felton 1D4125 EXTENSION 1644 DATE SENT 5 Aug 76 SUSPENSE DATE TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE nawm FORWARDED OFFICERS INITIALS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) Mr. C. LaClair EUR/EXO GS-6 5 AUG" 976 cJ 2. 9 AUG 1976 6. ELkR/OGs�Z9 AVOW cj� 7. 8. DDO/PIC ATTN: Mary HT 1 9. 10. 12. Pis review the attached docu- ments for release to Welsher per his FOIA request. Thanks. MFelton ce4.4c,&. te4 , O(AJD4 4.04 (41-),P42- AvgiiiIii41421* ../.-t.cp-41 (,..r-d-e-ade-vcaitc 0).-0-t.,LA.A,vuz.LAY RETURN TO: r -is 41 Aux; . , . CI' 4' Is"s:tr- (7!, c't� k FORM ,47119 1-75 0 SECRET CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY El UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 U.NCLAS-SMED - El NTJERNAL 1---1 USE ONLY fl CONFIDENTIAL SECRET PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST SUBJECT: (Optional) Martin Luther King, Jr requested by Weisberg REQUEST NUMBER F76-38Z- FROM: M. Felton DDO/PIC 1D4125 EXTENSION 1644 DATaSENT Alla 76 SUSPENSE DATE 11 Aim 76 TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE nawm FORWARDED LA ET-3 OFFICERS INITIALS ,4 COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. DDO/PIC HT-1 ATTN: Mary 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO: PRIORITY HANDLING Pis review the attached docu- ment for release to Weisberg per his request. Cite exemptions for deletions or denitl. Thank you. MDFelton FOIA REQUEST 11 FORM q7a9 1-75 SECRET D CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 "AV El Upg.ASSIFIEb t- "SUBJECT: (Optional) r---1 INTERNAL USE ONLY Ejc:ONF,DENTIAL FOI Request - Martin Luther King, Jr. (Harold Weisberg - Requester) REOUEST NUMBER F 76-382 FROM: Donald G. Vorhis 7486 R 9271 Sally Weiler 6400 R 9581 IPS/DDA 2E42 Hqs DX-2 EXTENSION TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE RECEIVED FORWARDED � DDO/PIC Mr. Randall (X-2 Pis relay to HT-1 Amber 2, 0a0 DATE SENT 26 July 1976 � SUSPENSE DATE 31 July 1976 OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show horn whom INITIALS Sc, whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) 5. 6. 7. Et. (2. A 2-77- The attached 7 documents were surfaced by �Sim: in its search on Subject. Th documents originated in your component or predecessor component. Please review the docu- ments to determine if they can be released to Subject in full, in sanitized form, or they are to be denied. If the documents are releasable in full, please have them declassified by an authorized officer of your component. If deletions are to be made, please make them and forward the sanitized versio to this Staff to send to the requester. Cite the FOIA subsection which applies to the deleted portions. If the document is denied please cite the appropriate subsection(s) of the FOIA. In both of the above instances please name the denying official. 3 to We do not know anything more about this I incident. Inasmuch as it apparently did not appear in the press, I am afraid that the information in these memoranda, if Tut into the public domain, could jeopar- dire-Our relationship with the person Who . provided it to us. Therefore both docu- ments are ebing denied pursuant to ----iiii-..(1$)�:(7);-(a(2):01M3)-(a).44*( . tIKLASSMED 13-00000 LISTING OF ATTACHED DOCUMENTS (1) Memorandum from DCS, dated 18 May 1969. .0 - A15. � (2) Memorandum to Director, DCS, dated 19 February 1969. � (3) DDO cable, dated 8 June 1968, IN 27362. (4) DDO cable, dated 8 June 1968, C 'ti IN 27366. (5) DDO cable, dated 8 June 1968, IN 27367. (6) DDO dispatch, UFGT-16828, dated 15 July 1966. (7) DDO biographic data on Martin �Luther King, dated 5 November 1967. tt'61 13-00000 3 ti _ a UNCLASSIFIED 1---1 INTERNAL USE ONLY 0 CONFIDENTIAL Ei SECRET; .- :.,..,� ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET , SUBJECT: (Optional) Request for copy of CIA Cable from CIA Reference File FROM: Cable Secretariat/Reference File Mr. Garnett U. Tate Chief, Cable Archives 1A-53 Hos. Tube CT-7 .,EXTENSION 6159 NO. DATE TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) RECEIVED FORWARDED INITIALS I. . The attached Form 1604, "Archives Cable Service", 2. requests a copy of a CIA cable for which the dissemination is restricted. Would .you please: (a) Forward the attached copy to the requester (shown on Form 1604 or; (b) Return the attached copy to Cable Archives with guidance in order that we may notify the requester of the disposition of his request. ' 3. I � S. 6. . 4))01 E liAreTici/aA) 8. . ..... .. 9. � 4-441" /Y--10-4--1---t..--e--4-. 4 t4ti-- l'1,Lej--tr�roL -...11� � '( , , 10. 11. - 12. 13. . � 14. 15. . � FORM 610 USE PREvIOUS INTERNAL 3-62 EDITIONS SECRET 0 CONFIDENTIAL ID USE ONLY 0 UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 -19WITTNT-1-1* (When Filled In) REQGEST FOR DISSEMINATION CHANGE OR CABLE REFERENCE SERVICE TO: CABLE SECRATARIAT BRANCH, OC CABLE REFERENCE SECTION � IA-53 S. EXT. 6159, TUBE Eq-6- v � FROM: NAME OF REQUESTER -1) IX LS.lON/EIRANCH ' I. � It is requested that the dissemination of STATION NUMBER ADD: Recall copies from: DATE 0 1 , ( IN/DIR NUMBER be changed as indicated. Change action from: To: Authorized by: NAME (type or print) In coordination with: NAME (type or print) Please furnish one copy of the cable described. I have made inquiry of the CS Records control system. IN/DIR NUMBER STATION NUMBER DAT EXTENSION le:,L; / EXT. have not-. SUBJECI EXT. ! I S I GNATURE FORM 1604 11.72 USE PREVIOUS EDITIONS COVTITEN-T-141_ E-2, IMPDET CL. BY. 007622 (47) ; 'AREQUESTJORABSEMINATf0 TO C04::SEQRATARIAT BRANCH, OC CABLE REFERENCE SEC.TION. "iA53J10,S.'pCT: 6159, TUBE 7C7r1,71 ANGEA s-/4e,questqd that the disqeminatioft.Ofi �4614,4041.*E4 � 13-00000 (When Filled In) REQUEST FOR DISSEMINATION CHANGE OR CABLE REFERENCE SERVICE TO: CABLE SECRATARIAT BRANCH, OC CABLE REFERENCE SECTION IA-53 HQS. EXT. 6159, TUBE ES,6 FROM: NAME OF REQUESTER DI(IISION)BRANC I DATE , 1--lIt is requested that the dissemination of ADD: STATION NUMBER EXTENSION IN/DIR NUMBER be changed as indicated. 1---1 Recall copies from: F-1 Change action from: To: Authorized by: NAME (type Or print) EXT. In coordination with: .e4m4 (type or print) Please furnish one copy of the cable described. I have have not made inquiry of the CS Records control system. IN/DIR NUMBER STATION NUMBER DATE SUBJECT ERT. SIGNATURE FORM 11.72 16011 USE PREVIOUS EDITIONS IMPDET CL BY. 007622 (47) 3-00000. REQUEST CABLE IEFE E . :Ft CABLE SECRATARTAT BRANCH, CC FROM! NO OF R EbilES'*E CABLE. REFERENCE SECTION 'CON' TA:-53 .FIQp. EXT. 6159., TUBE ItI is. requested thit,t the dissemin.atiOn P1esA'efurnish. one ..r..661:7,of the cable dscrbed made' Inquiry of the CS Records :qpntro. syste.m;�, � IMIMET ,C1;;;, BY 60/622 ,404r.413ettritt, lo;.;;Ipoicio Please futnish.oiro, the cable described.. ivade inquiry of the CS I N/D I R NUMBER STATION;-,',Nnoi0E R� FORM 1A11111 ii,72 USE P.E.IOUS PN 13-00000 ' FELTON MA.k Y )DO/PTC EXT. 1644 � HR-5B0 1D4127 TUBE HT1 \-_SECRET E2 TMPDET CL BY 004108 INDEX SEARCH AND 201 �ONSOtJDATI.ON REQUEST DATE UP/Fl CONTROL NO. TO TUBE ROOM DATE INITIALS UP/INDEX DT-5 1134003 REQUESTER UP/FILES DT-6 GC52 REQUESTER IP/RMS OW- 6 GA-20 REQUESTER'S NOTES NO. OF REFERENCES ORDERED THIS REQUEST REFERS TO (Doc. Ref.) SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS (TO IP/IN) SURNAME SUBJECT OF INDEX SEARCH GIVEN NAMES tof6E_e SPELLING VARIATIONS VARIATIONS TO BE SEAR 201 NO. IF KNOWN 201- AKA. ALIASES OTHER IDENTIFYING DATA (Occupation, cp membership, I. S. affiliations, etc.) SEX DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH CITIZENSHIP RESIDENCE RESULTS OF IP/INDEX SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS FOR REQUESTERS NO RECORDS IDENTIFIABLE WITH SUBJECT SUR E NOT FOUND IN FILES THERE ARE OTHER INDICES THAT YOU SHOULD CONSIDER. SEE REVERSE SIDE FOR CHECKLIST OF OTHER INDICES AND: 201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS. TO ORDER DOCUMENTS INDEX RECORDS ATTACHED THERE ARE RECORDS OF WHICH ARE FNU'S WHICH MAY PERTAIN TO THE SUBJECT OF THIS SEARCH; THESE MAY BE REVIEWED IN IP/IN. 1B4003. " I. REVIEW INDEX RECORDS. 2. DRAW GREEN DIAGONAL LINE ACROSS ITEMS YOU DO NOT WANT. 3. FORWARD TO IF/FILES. TO EDIT THE INDEX RECORDS COMMENTS AFTER RECEIPT OF THE DOCUMENTS. EDIT THE INDEX RECORD ACCORDING TO DOI 70-19. I. TO DESTROY INDEX RECORD: MARK THE INDEX RECORD WITH A GREEN D, AND CITE THE REASON. 2. TO MAKE CORRECTIONS/ADDITIONS: ENTER THE CHANG-- ON THE INDEX RECORD IN GREEN INK. 3. FORWARD TO IP/RMS VIA YOUR RECORDS OFFICER REQUEST NO./DATE/TIME FORM 1A9 USE PREVIOUS 3-74 ��'�'" EDITIONS IMAIN 201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS ON REVERSE SIDE. E-2, IMPDET CL BY> 007622 14-8-381 13-00000 -SMELT- ...., . 201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS (See DOI�70-20) � . . . 1. IF SUBJECT HAS A 201 FILE. SEND THIS FORM TO IP/RMS WITH THE INDEX RECORDS MARKED IN GREEN TO REFLECT THE CONSOLIDATION ACTION TAKEN. (Documents should then be placed in the 201, by the Researcher). 2. WHEN SUBJECT HAS NO 201 FILE. BUT MEETS THE REQUIREMENT FOR OPENING A 201 FILE. SEND THIS FORM TO IP/RMS WITH: A. A COMPLETED FORM 831. B. ALL PERTINENT DOCUMENTS. EXTRACTS. AND PROPERLY EDITED RECORDS FOR CONSOLIDATION OF THE FILE BY IP/RMS. SIGNATURE OF RECORDS OFFICER DATE CHECKLIST OF OTHER INDICES: REQUESTER SHOULD ALSO CONS DER TRACING THE FOLLOWING SOURCES WHICH ARE NOT SEARCHED BY IP/INDEX (SEE NAME TRACE HANDBOOK). SOURCE DATE REQUESTED DATE RECEIVED SOURCE DATE REQUESTED DATE RECEIVED DO AREA DESKS CENTRAL REFERENCE SERVICE IP/ARCHIVES CIA LIBRARY COMINT NAME CHECK OFFICE OF SECURITY SB BIOGRAPHICS BRANCH OFFICE OF MEDICAL SERVICES TRAVEL PROGRAMS DOMESTIC COLLECTION DIVISION NAME OF BEARER FILE/OTS CIA APPLICANTS FILE/OFFICE OF PERSONNEL DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SPECIAL ACTIVITIES GROUP-SS/IL (117TU) DEFENSE CENTRAL INDEX COVER AND COMMERCIAL STAFF CENTRAL REGISTRY - EUROPE OPERA- TIONS STAFF RESERVE OFFICERS FILE FBI INTERAGENCY SOURCE REG. I & NS CI OPERATIONS: CAPTURED GERMAN DOCUMENTS DEPARTMENT OF STATE f/G PROGRAM SECRET SERVICE SUBVERSIVES PROGRAM DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY IWH 4REMARKS t � C... l= 2C i\J (...A..) , r�..) .= ,_ la � � -17 2C " 4%4 � , , 13-00000 SECREi MAIN DMZ x -SEAR-CR RISPONS'E- 18114'8 -- 034 R40 NO: 181148A01 REQUESTER: HR580 FELTON MARY 000/PIC 104127 1644 NAmE. KING,MARTIA LUTHER YOB. SEX. CIT. -010,11-GIN:A OUR. PURPUsE:FOS PRTY:R UIP1:D300 FNU. - � . SPELL. MASK. MAT:- LONTRUE-LGOE 034-MHS=-7-6U6LT=r42.118-0UUT5 -1-42103 Mtn -KTNG, MARTIN LUTHER -----CIT- US-A T-DiE INTERVIEwED BY PAUt KRASSNER-CONTACT IMF 201-Z4907. FORvERLY: SS-NO SUUR- --***LuLAIOR DATAT ORDER FRUM IPILKS - 6C-5L 2D-I-00zze9u 173A---0-1102-te 23APR6Z S-JE3-3- -179 APERTURE CARDS AVA1LA8L 03A-07422 20 JUL 62 06186240 0002 KING, MARTIN LUTHER SEX M MENTIONED IN CONNECTION WITH 16TH NATIONAL CON- VENTION OF tP, USA. PAGE NO. 316. FORMERLY: DO NO -DATE, 'SS- NO SOUR ***i0CAT0R DATA:- ORDER FROM IP/CRS - GC-52 OFB-80124 20 SEP 72 0352/255 �CONTINUED� HR5-80 100-004- DFB-T3-0124 P 732-0 rM-P-DET Ct 'BY 054979- RE ; r :Agri 01 tig/I: Ate, alzmniimag mo � 0031- 13114Z 0-34 13-00000 -E-T 0-00 3- -KIN-G-9- -MARTI N-LUTHER-7.-{Ev.-r Z00=0-09.- crac DF8--1370 2-4- S ER --=Z7-- LUrATOR UkTA-: ORDER FRON-TP7CRS-- GC-5Z AP-ERTURE CARDS AVAILABL OFB-820Z4 01 JAN 58 08311(51 Ar 1"1"-Kr -IkkO"` Arir. i 01104 L � /REVW --101-74-=UOL=100 RAKA-00708 25MA Y5 6 tOtATQ-SE R R D : -ORDER 'PR rptcxs - GC - 5Z --4tg *PERURE- rttltD3 ATTACiterr � -A-P ER T URI-I A R 17-A-11-111L 1RA-K4-100,08 01 JAN -58 08049094 0005 KING, MARTIN SEX M DOB 14APR24 CIT USA RES USA. HUSE. OF KING, EVA /201-0170954/ :LOCATOR DATA: ORDER FROM IP/CRS - GC-52 _ _ , _ 201-017 54* POE USA/ NJER, HOBOKEN TYPE ME R RC DATE 75 3 2 APR 75 09272198 , _ END OF REPLY - 0005 RECORDS LISTED HR-580 777-77177-7C=,1""-E-4--- E2- I MPDET- 12Y 054-979- -- E:tY GP 9 I lc 3 0 3-4 ' 13-00000 z � FRO" FELTON MARY 000/P IC BRAIN E XT. 1644 � � -SSG�14E-T--�-_ � I., 173=7"--.- HR-580 INDEX SEARCH AND 201 CONSOLIDATION REQUEST 104127 TUBE HT I HF SECRET E2 IMPDET CL BY 00410 DATE 197 6-kkG--7-( IP/FI CONTROL NO. 9,0 TO TUBE ROOM DAM I I I" IP/INDEX DT- 5 184003 REQUESTER IP/FILES DT-6 GC52 Pt REQUESTER IP/RMS OW-6 GA' 20 REQUESTER'S NOTES NO. OF REFERENCES ORDERED THIS REQUEST REFERS TO (Doc. Ref.) SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS (TO IP/IN) SUBJECT OF INDEX SEARCH SURNAME GIVEN NAMES 4:-)e14.19r SPELLING VARIATIONS 0 BE SEARCHED 201 NO. IF KNOWN 201 - AKA. ALIASES OTHER IDENTIFYING DATA (Occupation. CP membership, I. S. affiliations, etc.) ficS)955/11) Off fiR. /4116, SEX DATE OF BIRTH PLACE OF BIRTH CITIZENSHIP I RESIDENCE RESULTS OF IP/INDEX SEARCH INSTRUCTIONS FOR REQUESTERS NO RECORDS IDENTIFIABLE WITH SUBJECT SURNAME NOT FOUND IN FILES THERE ARE OTHER INDICES THAT YOU SHOULD CONSIDER. SEE REVERSE SIDE FOR CHECKLIST OF OTHER INDICES AND 201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS. TO ORDER DOCUMENTS EX RECORDS ATTACHED THERE ARE RECORDS OF WHICH ARE FNU'S WHICH MAY PERTAIN TO THE SUBJECT OF THIS SEARCH; THESE MAY BE REVIEWED IN IP/IN. 184003. I. REVIEW INDEX RECORDS. 2. DRAW GREEN DIAGONAL LINE ACROSS ITEMS YOU DO NOT WANT. 3. FORWARD TO IP/FILES. TO EDIT THE INDEX RECORDS COMMENTS AFTER RECEIPT OF THE DOCUMENTS. EDIT THE INDEX RECORD ACCORDING TO DOI 70-19. 1. TO DESTROY INDEX RECORD: MARK THE INDEX RECORD WITH A GREEN D. AND CITE THE REASON. 2. TO MAKE CORRECTIONS/ADDITIONS: ENTER THE CHANGES ON THE INDEX RECORD IN GREEN INK. 3. FORWARD TO IP/RMS VIA YOUR RECORDS OFFICER REQUEST NO./DATE/TIME Mil JUL 20 POI 3: 22 FORM qA2 USE PREVIOUS 3-74 """ 'EDITIONS ati22 ...st.etrr 201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS ON REVERSE SIDE. E-2, IMPDET CL. BY> 007622 (4-8-381 13-00000 � � i 201 CONSOLIDATION INSTRUCTIONS (See DOI 70-20) 1. IF SUBJECT HAS A 201 FILE. SEND THIS FORM TO IP/RMS WITH THE INDEX RECORDS MARKED IN GREEN TO REFLECT THE CONSOLIDATION ACTION TAKEN. (Documents should then be placed in the 201, by the Researcher). 2. WHEN SUBJECT HAS NO 201 FILE. BUT MEETS THE REQUIREMENT FOR OPENING A 201 FILE. SEND THIS FORM TO IP/RMS WITH: . A. A COMPLETED FORM 831. B. ALL PERTINENT DOCUMENTS. EXTRACTS. AND PROPERLY EDITED RECORDS FOR CONSOLIDATION OF THE FILE BY IP/RMS. SIGNATURE OF RECORDS OFFICER DATE CHECKLIST OF OTHER INDICES: REQUESTER SHOULD ALSO CONS DER TRACING THE FOLLOWING SOURCES WHICH ARE NOT SEARCHED BY IP/INDEX (SEE NAME TRACE HANDBOOK). SOURCE DATE REQUESTED DATE RECEIVED SOURCE DATE REQUESTED DATE RECEIVED 0 AREA DESKS CENTRAL REFERENCE SERVICE P/ARCHIVES CIA LIBRARY OMINT NAME CHECK OFFICE OF SECURITY B BIOGRAPHICS BRANCH OFFICE OF MEDICAL SERVICES RAVEL PROGRAMS DOMESTIC COLLECTION DIVISION AME OF BEARER FILE/OTS IA APPLICANTS FILE/OFFMEOFPERSONNEL DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE PECIAL ACTIVITIES GROUP-SS/IL (WFT(J) DEFENSE CENTRAL INDEX OVER AND COMMERCIAL STAFF CENTRAL REGISTRY - EUROPE )PERA. ?IONS STAFF RESERVE OFFICERS FILE FBI INTERAGENCY SOURCE REG. I & NS I OPERATIONS: CAPTURED GERMAN DOCUMENTS DEPARTMENT OF STATE /G PROGRAM SECRET SERVICE H SUBVERSIVES PROGRAM DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY ir a, II) EMARKS CD CT. 1:1 = .fta cr, ; ( , 13-00000 1 2 , C �,..1 6 .T UA L , ; L , I' X � - � �. _ ; r 1 .; i7 r A 7,17_ si.� ..-, .2 7, 7 7 I 7 07-_, 37 6 , T3 7-6 /6 6 14 I LL 3 j 3 �;-� L L ; L C, i:, E � � 7 C 07-0 ,) ; Z 7 Ln. 7 � .2, 5 ::: Og� ittaTURE CARDS MOM CL ;7 ; 13-00000 �:t ),... � t C) �I i 1 '_i Z � -) Z. -) ID r ') . r, 1 .. .1 ; .1 6 - ..) .3. ,'-1 ' .1 1.-..) f 7.. ��� ;. 1 _ j I : v) ...:- � '...) 1..,: i-..1 ,..._..) `../ -;;;. -.') !s.; v� ; \ 4 : ) ',--) 1 1 � , I I 1 '.. ) ...) : V( )(-j ... 1. ;- A 1'1 c") ..J I..�I 4 :1C. Ii 5 ; I-- I z-. r�"t . * .: 1 ',..! r� f..,. 1.J ..J ,-....: . 4.. i.f.-. � I 7) ; �-� . 1;- '.--.: I Li ..4: � 1 ,--- -1. 11 Li '. : .! 1. _) r i ' '-'. { �� .�-4 (..'.f.: L.4 f.1.... �-�:. 7-..-. C:1 111 (.'1 (. ) : ) k� - :...-.! . J 1 n;.-- :--; i _.) i� - --) . .r ., ..! I.J : I. ..-: ''.:� '... L.:_. ..1 Li .3 ,-.4 �::- :'.- 'Sgriitir � �. (7.19'hpn i P,l'eof�crR ft>: NO. ' critlecl�in IciP,'..IP/PILES .- _�.: ,.- � ., . .. � � \ . .-. _ DOCUMENT.*:SERVICEr REQUEST -- .',-,-;;J,,,,�.;�',.. . �". - .... . � fROti ,g� Viare-)I',OR , , iFEI GUMMED LABEt DATE OF; REQUEST e, 1 6 1.1CH. ;R0911, !�.1 . i . ', , --- PHONE NO , * , qi-V41,,, ?--.F- ' . ,I'WI�T 1!41.-S'� '. '.4 INSTRUCTIONSRCD ' . ',-<,.%:,.-1,,,..V=. !<� �"i� M..4`.C:,.. I P/FATIA ' ,. , , ,�,.- ;.from '71; '',7 . a ,{ ,., V' _ . m, ., request 4:. -irl documents 4" s 1 kits t -e, .e ' if ' 2 � IllEbt.fEsi,tE ,�.. ., t; /' '''f .,... , A , m 0 ,, 4 1,1, ' '2 Include badge numberand1tubestationinFROM block'.ifgumm'edlabel hasi, . < , , .7,' Indicate:type re .-, � 11 I A. <� -..- " V 4 ' ''''' 'r. ' a. `�:, , � PP./F U rE �-f , . �,,,A - . � . q i 4" - 1 .A.- k-,' , .:4A _.,, ?:: _. , MP, ,-3, Permanent i.-�.. �..: , - . .. ;), �;<- { , '. 4 Indicate source t reference - la cu,ent reference t m .12,,. -lif m, � �,� ,:p,-;c . 1 . . - < : �� .,. - ,-,Y, I- i'A. 'g ' ' ' -i, V , t4 , SUBJED:r. m t ' -,Fiilie'd ,,. .,, , . ,. , - ,,' D cumen� r. erenne r. la kaour,c li, 1- 'rip' 'r, 6. .-,., _. FILE.T:-., NUMBER.: -,-, - - ; pc 0,2,r,SiTAY.mBo ,, ..:_.,, -NbkNi.i&iiiEW," DOCUMENT ........ - _. ., '..� DISPOSITION .V:i. �?.;12EOUEST"; -..-'6.Loiiii:Eite j,��'�IP/Eil a- . , _ :i. -., 'S ��,. , '' � .. i A., VdcA -,..* FriZatttii . m-- '....-. A�A.A. ,- ' , , :. .,,, ,i.,... A' I�, Is: IA � :A ,A ' ' ' :--:' ''''''^ ,�:, i' ,..,.: t I..-�AA '. I 4, ... ?' 4 111. 4(it-ti,-,..'; _ A. .. ! -��. ,. ... ... , � � it s J2 : :112' _. ,. 9 _ , c 1 , , FORM eln USE PREVIOUS Z-74 i'div EDITIONS CCORCT, CI... BY: 007622 ( 38 ) 13-00000 - (When Filled In) DOCUMENT SERVICE REQUEST INITCALS DT-6 11./.#4Lts ,DT-6 101. t\AlmAk. -..INSTRUCTIONS l..tJse. this form. to request files and/or documents: from IF/FILES .. (Not to be used :in lieu of FerM::' '2 Include ',edge number and tube station in FROM block if 'OrmMed�lebel.hesraOt been issued.. fndic tS:tkpe of charge Permanent 4. Indicate source of reference: Document reference from IF/Index. ,,- 4).eieUmaiW:relarence� from source cithei:' PatLAWNY., � v N-PROMPTiL 'ZU 1-12.s74E,APlie 4 1�11, -4E CDIT1Y- Z 77AS--ZEIt'�,-VE(1,74513.143VieVEWITitSlii''7. CQA.T.TCI 1-3-00000- te's � ",51Tilb,:.19. ' �1},MAinr,i-sFel VATIONAiii-AND'MO_;- '!:t� it- _ - OgASSICIE ' e Pllibtlitit .1.' FitatT -----,-,,,,�, , ovr fP � . moo ADO1ESS ' DATE, IMITIALIS ' Mr. Haefner 2 ES-2 , 4 , ' IC , Felton NT-7 6, i '' AMIN DIRECT REPLY . PREPARE REPL 4PPROVAL MSPATCH RECONIADIDATI N 40004 FILE RETURN .CONCURRENCE INFORMATION t SIGNATURE , PTs,fill out the attached form so we c#n report costs to IPS. Note we can . onlY clatm the actual search time for the records and not the time involved in reviewing and sanitizing them. Thank you. 1 .\ (I talked to P. Cochran about this on tilt-41tonn but I'd like to get it in writing. Thanks) _ H. FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER FROM: NAME. itoonass AND PHONE NO. ' DATE ilk 42iLM 1 UNCLASSIFIED" V CONFIDENTIAL I SECRET 4". 237 1-67 Use previous editions (40) 13-00000 � FOIA REQUEST*MMUMENT INFORMATION , q 4 . DATE x TITLE OF DOCUMENT(S) AND/OR SUBJECT ro7'&-382�. WEISBERG request on Martin LUther King and 44Mes�Earl Ray SEARCH COST (To be completed by IRS) - CLASSIFICATION REVIEW COST (to be . completed by IRS) GRADE/STEP LEVEL MANHOURS GRADE/STEP LEVEL MANHOURS S. 1 #y au....1.v.14 9 . 1 ,Ar 4 . A- ..50. ..,.,, . TOTAL COST TOTAL COST DO NOT DETACH RETURN THIS TO SLIP . I* CHIEF, INFORMATION REVIEW STAFF 7 C 28 Headquarters FORM qggfa OBSOLETE PREVIOUS 1-75 �������.s. EDITIONS (13-47) 13-00000 FR OPS/ITG OSG/OC 13-00000 � - SENDER WILL CHECK CLASSIFICATION TOP AND BOTTOM I UNCLASSIFIED CONFIDENTIAL 1 SECRET OFFICIAL ROUTING SLIP TO It) NAME AND ADDRESS ' C/DDO/PIC DATE INITIALS ��=. 5:. ACTION DIRECT REPLY PREPARE REPLY APPROVAL IASPATCH RECOMMENDATION COMMENT iiu RETURN CONCURRENCE INFORMATION - SIGNATURE If you' ve no obj ect ion , would like to pry�out some sort of criteria. FOLD HERE TO RETURN TO SENDER FROM: NAME. �OONIOSS AND PHONE NO. OATS A. F. Adclona,..C/DDO/PIC/AL* 4T-, CONFIDENTIAL 1 UNCLASSIFIED 1 15 July SECRET roan NO. 237 us. previous editions 1-67 (40) 13-00000 -0 :liNCASSIFIED E. INTERNAL USE ONLY CONFIDENTIAL .....--...........- .-/.....:ROUTING :AND RECORD SHEET � � - . SUBJECT: (Opt4onc1)...:f.. -� .. . : .. t ��-, a ''', , ..'. , ' 1, - , * -Request 'For.',:-Otiinion-..-7'FOIA'.;::(hyf,6 ...: ,, , � .... .. , , rivacy ACV . FROM:. ,.., � . - . Charles A. Briggs'- o Chief, Services Staff EW-7 EXTENSION,:, L 1596, '' . . * ' ' DATE. : -... 5 July 1976 ,- .. � :,,,,:�.- TO: . (Officer designation, room number;; � bvilding) . ', - : DATE ': ..,.:::::-.:�.;;-,-,,K;:?,1,F:...:�,�:::,....:.�:.Fi.:".;:Ef. OFFICER'S ::: : 'i - ."` ' '' ' .1-��!:', ' ;';'-'' :: : COMMENTS (Number each Comment to ' show from whom to whom. Draw . a line across column after each comment.) : . , � ' . . Rfaivto ,--- FORWARDED INITIALS ' '-:: '' �'', tI :Z , t ,. . , .?. ., - !'-' '." "' ''',.45r - ' . ...,-; ,:.., , ; ,..,:' ... k; ..:. , .-.. .. 4.! , . ...... '.Z.k - A , ; ,.`b:ft., -:':`--5 ' -, ,.. ,�; . � -....; ' i vT, ...,,.-,_ ... - . e.' ...q.k..4.-.S..01`. 1,, - ,. ,,,� ,::.,. 7:7. i'.1 "'" ' ' -. ' :,:.i.' - li .'S;;; i' .., ..� ' ,. .�.' . 7.. ' ' � .. ,7-'� .... IA*1064' - ..,,,,,, �-71 ���� ,!.D.,,, . .1, .., c: `i, S' ' � pr,,.. 2t..., ....,-� el . . ... , ,, � - P.:0 .. ......., ' � "r- ''' Y;tr:;- ,-- i 4. ,. � � r ,.. -., , � , � :. , .t-' t.,,.. � ���� - Y., '.. V: r ! ',i'... '" ' - " ' - . ' - * ''., � ..�, a. :-t, :.,: � . r- ._ , s, ., . - t. .1.' � 0,, ; . � , _ 74 ' l'-;,, ,..� - .. , ., 0,.P.: �t7. ::-:. � .., --...7,;:t.i,s,..,,-;.yk � . ,- . ..- A � .., � 4'1 .tz, (.% itt 0, .. :,t�� � y L . .., ,44.,.. -,:: � - .... ..., T.., 4 " �.:,* �fre).,.. re , .... rs" ' -' ' ... Vire ...� It!' '' . et-..- -V' -.�4. ,N� . - . .. ,.;.. .�... , .. . .r.,, .,., ..1,s ' .4 , '` -,,,,- ,.. ..t. ',..- .,7 ..� ,.... - . . , ..,-. � , 4 � ,,,,. ...�...',4. ' 4.- .... ., . .... .* . -- , 1 . , 1 . . , - :: ....: , .i. . .,�5:�� ; - 12: .:;::z <5 , � , - '. :, � -.. , , 13. . : .�.. . I 14 15. . . FORM 3-62 61 0 USe 0 PREVIOUS EDITIONS SECRET 0 CONFIDENTIAL INTERNAL OE ONLY El UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 ,� UNCSS1 Fl NFIDENT1 CRE � INTERNAL'? USE tar . .. ,,,, , OTING-:.:-., D.: RECORDSHEET, >� , , t, .,, ., � - ' -..-',,�..?,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:.-.,,..,,,,,.v,:.,,,.....i-,..!,.. ,,, ,,,,i. � .,,,,.. ' 'e,.:`' ,.. ,f.. , - 1, SUBJECT: (Oil) .., 0-� �4. ...-..,... ,., '�'��� o . i � - -,-, ,:' ,:�,. � . 1. . % .;.,,..� '' -s- ,. ''''''' .a --,. .1 - i ,:., ,,.p,.0 --' ,-... :-. eq:u.es ..i r.,.:1,. .1.n3-. .-, ,., , ,(6)EtPiivacy Act.., r.-� . - _ . .' FROM -. �, -' N.- .t.� , �,;:i.: : .. arles A Briggsri, ,. 'Chief-,'...:Sbrvices'Staf,f..' EW-7 EXTENSION. ,,.. , 1.59'. NO N ,--. . '''.5: . 'ea,.., ' ,b 4. .".� irre; . ' ' ;, ."'. - ' - 44'.'....5)..141 r; w. * 1. . D ^ 4 1. -,... %'.. - .,.... � . TO:, - (Officer designation, room nombeir;',' bei.lding) . : ..�--. , � � A . : .., ,:"iiigkik .., .. INITIALS,:,:' ,�,,.._:. --.,...,,,,i, ;,,,,,,, ' '7( i , .COMMENTS:::(isiimkier.t .each,;�.coriarriciiito, siiorP.,. to .viihorn...:�. Drew 'i iii line. across: column alter each corri...,e.m.)', ... , . .. . .. :.� . ��. . .: .., .. ,..., ....ip.4L. ..,.-....-:, t , .... . ' - , :�f: , , aefnet.; � i .'...., , ., . .:�;, . .. ,.... 4 .:, ' . . "....-�. .. .' ,. .-:-.. m. 2.Y. ...7a - �Tr4 .' ,r., kf.Y.' ?,.. , .. Al; ,, , 4r. �-�,,-. 7.: ..'''W .. � 4': . ,-. 0 ,F. --,., -,"4, 4 ,..., .,.. ... ....., � ,�.11 , ... , e.- , �,.,, .....- -,--- 1 4, ' . . :7-V , .. !-: :, '''" , . . -.. ,,..:;. > , - ..!, --` �-.. ";,.� - , 4 .4, , 2-. 4-,,.. ,..," ,,, ... � ..�, , . _ , . . . ,.4, � ,... 'r ' w.i, ., ..... ...,- r..,- -, �..=., ,..., "..r.":. t�, ' , ,. 5.. .. x4�-�.. ..`4 .ki . 4 .. 1 I . , '''' ... . -,. :-.N.. `l.,.., �,.. :.,� . ' i:. - 'r.., . 11:. ; .� , .. .. ,.. ' .f:,, .,,, , 2' ,-, - s , 11.-, .. L.,. .1. 1.1 � i . -,. - � ,..:24. ;g: ,..,-,1. - "1 ' , � . k! ',.. .5,4 I.- '�` e, . z.,.! . .r.,- 3:'1.. ,., .t� "11 If! / ,, ....,,,,... .a.... 'i '''.'.. -..... �� ......; , -s, -- .�. 13. .: 7. `,...!. ......: - ,, e .i.' V i - L.'. �-:, , ,,. , _ 7.t.:- , FO RM 610 USE PREVIOUS . 3-62 EDITIONS 13-00000 13-00000 15 July 1976 MEMORANDUM FOR: Office of General Counsel ATTENTION C/FOIA/PA SUBJECT : Request For Opinion- FOIA (b)(6) & Privacy Act REFERENCE FOIA Request 76-382, copy attached 1. Mr. Weisberg has requested under the FOIA information on: a. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. b. Earl Ray c. Other individuals involved with the assassination of Dr. King. 2. To ensure consistency in making determinations for release under both the FOIA exemptions �(b)(6) and the Privacy Act, of requests such as Mr. Weisberg's, would you please state the current legal criteria to� apply to these type cases. Specifically, it would be helpful to the DDO to have a clearly enunciated legal opinion regarding what, if any, privacy rights the family of �a deceased individual might have vis-a-vis the deceased individual. Further, what, if any, privacy rights does a convicted felon have. 3. We are aware that each case must be judged on its own facts. Hence, we would be grateful for your opinion regarding the criteria to apply to Mr. Weisberg's request. However, a general rule applicable to the type of request also would be very useful, would expedite the processing of such requests, and would apply some consistency in the decision-making process. Attachment: Reference cc: Paul Haefner, OPS/ITG Charles A. Briggs Chief, Services Staff 143700000 UFGT -16828, dated 15 July'196concerns surveilla of Dr: Martin Luther King Jr. by the Dade County/Flori police (Criminal Intelligence); excluded under -1900.3t n Jff Reag Chief, Intrnatisral Te rorism Group perations Staff 40-17 OC-�ts 7 g IE.L241./.1MPDET CL 13-00000 El UNCLASSIFIED fl CONFIDENTIAL �H' El SECRET ri INTERNAL I�I USE ONLY PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST SUBJECT: (Optional) FROM: REQUEST NUMBER HAROLD WEISBERG FOR MARTIN LUGHTER KING AND JAMES FART RAY DOCUMENTS EXTENSION DATE SENT SUSPENSE DATE TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE mawm FORWARDED OFFICER'S INITIALS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) Mr. Owen 2, 41 I 3. 5. 6. 7. -Helen 111 3125 8. 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO: FORM q749 1-75 These are the documents on Ray only. Please review them and let me know if there are any changes you want made on them. OGC is currently reviewing them and writing the affadavit. Court date is 22 May. We will have to incorporate m your changes into the affadavit. Thanks Helen X1313 0 SECRET fl CONFIDENTIAL 1=1 IUNSTEE RAY 0 UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 , 'MAL- 2 7 JUL 1976 MEMORANDUM FOR: Privacy and Information Officer, DDO Weisberg Request (James Earl Ray) Part II 76-F-382 SUBJECT: REFERENCE: 1. This office maintains a two volume 201 file (201-832732) on the Subject. These files and other records in this office revealed the following: a. The following overt items are releasable to the requestor. There are no exemptions. Life, dated 3 May 1968; New York Times, dated 26 April 1968; ton Star, dated 8 May 1968; Washington Star, April 1968; Ray's Odd Odyssey, undated; 17 May 1968; Reuters, Lisbon, dated 9 euters, London, dated 9 June 1968; , undated; Reuters, Lisbon, 9 June Sun, dated 3 June 1968; The Evening 1968; Washington Post, dated 28 London, dated 27 June 1968; 27 June 1968; Reuters, London, Press, London, dated 27 n dated 27 June 1968; ated 27 June 1968; ed 27 June 1968; United ated 27 June 1968; on, dated 27 June une 1968; Reuters, dated, UPI-16, Memphis, shington, ed 27 Was hi dated 2 UPI, date June 1968; Reuters, Lon 1968; Los Vegas Star, dated 1 Ju June 1968; Reuters, Reuters, London, dat 27 June 1968; Associat June 1968; Reuters, Lon Associated Press, London Associated Press, London, d Press International (UPI-16), London, dated 27 June 1968; Lon 1968; Associated Press, dated 27 London, undated; Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press, dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press, da June 1968; Ramparts, 29 June 1968; Reuters London, dated 27 June 1968; Reuters, London, undate � Reuters, Memphis, 27 June 1968; The Washington Post, d ted 28 June 1968; Washington Post Foreign service, dated 8 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 27 June 1968; Washington Post, 28 June 1968; Reuters, London, CONTY-INTIAL lEA:LIMPOCT CL 13-00000 , CO 77-NTIAL 1 Lo Reu 1968 undat Virgin]. Sun, da 8 April P6 1968; St. April 1968* London, date Associated Pr June 1968; Was Times, 18 April 1968; New York Ti Times, dated 23 Ap 5 July 1968; Los An 1968; Washington Star, Virginia Sun, dated 25 dated 27 April 1968; Was 1968; Washington Star, da Reuters, dated 9 June 1968; 9 June 1968; EX-3438, dated of James Earl Ray; dated 1969 Associated Press, London) date London, dated 10 June 1968; Lon 1968; UPI-7, London, 10 June 196 Press, London, dated 10 June 1968 10.June 1968; London, dated 10 Jun London, 11. June 1968; Reuters, Lond London, 11 June 1968; Associated Pre dated 11 June 1968; London,.dated 10 Reuters, Washington, dated 10 June 19 10 June 1968; London, dated 10 June 19 London, 10 June 1968;. Reuters, London, June 1968; Londolu, dated 11 June 1968; R London., undated;IMoscow, (Gevorgyan Repo 22 November 1968; Moscow Trud (Gevorgyan dated 22 November 196....8. Evening Star, date 1968; Washington Post, 8 May 1968; Washingto dated 2 July 1968; Reuters, London, dated 11 1968; Associated. Press, dated 10 June 1968; Re London, dated 10 June 1968;. Associated Press, 2 C() 91-1AL i dated 18 June 1968; Associated Press, dated 17 June 68; Reuters, London, dated 21 June 1968; Reuters, don, undated; Reuters, London, dated 28 June 1968; ers, undated; Reuters, Washington, dated 8 June Reuters, London, dated 8 June 1968; Reuters, ; The Washington Post, 9 June 1968; Northern Sun, dated 18 April 1968; Northern Virginia d 17 April 1968; The Washington Post, dated 8; Northern Virginia Sun, dated 16 April ouis Missouri, Post-Dispatch, dated 5 Chicago Illinois News, dated 8 April 1968; 27 June 1968; London, dated 27 June 1968; ss, London, undated; London, dated 27 'ngton Star, 27 June 1968; New York 968; New York Times, dated 18 April es, dated 19 April 1968; New York 1 1968; Washington Post, dated les Free Press, dated 19 April 26 April 1968; Northern pril 1968; Washington Post, ington Post, dated 4 July d 30 December 1969; Reuters, London, dated 969; The Strange Case London, undated; 10 June 1968; n dated 10 June � Associated London, dated 1968; Reuters, n, undated; s London, une 1968; 8; London, 8; Reuters, ated 10 uters, ), dated port) Whre.is 9 May Post, une ters, pronto, 13-00000 . , dated 10 June 1968; Associated Press, Toronto, dated \\\\. 10 June 1968; Associated Press, London, undated; London, dated 27 June 1968; Associated Press, London, dated 0 June 1968; UPI-33, London, undated; Associated Press, L don, dated 18 June 1968; UPI-26, London, dated 17 1968; UPI-13, dated 18 June 1968; London, dated e 1968; UPI-30, London, dated 14 June 1968; dated 13 June 1968; London, dated 6 July 1968; London, dated .5 July 1968; Washington Examiner, 27, April 1968; Associated Press, dated 8 July rs, London, dated 3 July 1968; Reuters, 3 July 1968; London, dated 5 July 1968; t dated 30 December 1969; Los Vegas � Associated Press, London, 18 June ess, London, 18 June 1968; Associated d; Reuters, London, 18 June 1968; to, 13 June 1968; London, UPI-20, ers, London, dated 12 June 1968; 18 June 1968; London, dated ss,,London.,AatedJ 12 June n, dated 12 June 1968; 968; UPI-39, London, ess, London, dated don, dated 13 June d 13 June 1968; don, dated 13 ed 11 June 1968; s Nashville, to, dated e 1968; 126, Jun 18 Londo Reuters dated 26 1968; Reu London, dat Washington Po Sun, 10 May 19 1968; Associated Press, London, unda Associated Press, Tor dated 13 June 1968; Reu Associated Press, London, 13 June 1968; As'sociated:P 1968; Associated Press, Lon UPI-58, Lisbon, dated 12 June dated 12 June 1968; Associated 20 June 1968; Associated Press, L 1968; Associated Press, London, dat Reuters, London, undated; Reuters, Lo June 1968; Associated Press, London, d UPI-9, London, dated 11 June 1968; Reute dated 11 June 1968; Associated Press, Toro 11 June 1968; Reuters, Nashville, dated 11 Associated Press, Washington, 11 June 1968; UP Washington, 11 June 1968; UPI-54, Nashville, dated 11 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 8 June 1968; Reuters, London, dated 20 June 1968; Reuters, undated; Associated Press, London, dated 20 June 1968; UPI-61, 17 July 1968. b. The following overt it�s make mention of the Subject but are not attached. Sie cannot be reproduced and others are not available in t s office. The Ottawa Citizen, dated 10 June 1968; The Ot wa Journal, dated 10 June 1968; The Gazette, dated 10 Jue 1968; Montreal Gazette, dated 11 June 1968; The Washin ton Post, 3 CONFIDEnAL 13-00000 , CONFIDENTIAL A 16 Washi dated 2 Associate Press, Lon dated 14 Apr 1968; Washingt Times, dated 18 1968; The Militant Star, dated 13 June June 1968; Washington Post, dated 3 July 1968; 1968; �Washington Star, da Star, dated 9 June 1968; Wa hington Post, dated 12 April 1969; Washington Star, dated 7 March 1969; Washington Post, dated 9 January 1970; Wa hington Star, dated 12 April 1968; Washington Post, da d 16 April 1968; Washington Post, 26 January 1969; Washington Post, dated 19 September 1968; Washingto Star, 23 April 1968; Washington Post, dated 11 Nov-4ber 1968; Washington Post, dated 13 November 1968; Washing ,n Post, dated 12 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 1, une 1968; Washington Star, dated 11 June 1968; Wash ngton Star, dated 19 April 1968; Associated Press, Lon.' 27 June 1968; Washington Star, dated 14 April 1968; e, dated 26 July 1968; Washington Post, dated 18 uary 1969; Washington Star, dated 20 January 1968; Was ington Star, dated 25 January 1969; Washington Star, dated 2 April 1969; Washington Post, dated 1 April 199.; Washington Post, dated 30 May 1969. ,.iiry6300<-2 101\03 3/1?�"DOL 9078alt ATI, VC btPt�3 I "v" -)"6/"F . l c. The following agency documents are considered releasable to the requestor in segregated form under the provisions of the Freedom of Information Act. Excised portions are exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). Cables: Director-92664, dated 18 April 1968; Director- 93163, dated 19 April 1968; Sao Paulo-8372 (IN-94694), dated 19 April 1968; Director-93162, dated 19 April dated 9 June 1968; The Washington Star, dated 9 June 1968; Washington Post, dated 17 November 1968; Washington ost, dated 20 April 1968; Washington Star, dated 28 il 1968; Time, 21 June 1968; Washington Post, dated y 1968; Washington Star, dated 18 April 1968; ton Star, dated 10 June 1968; Washington Star, April 1968; Washington Post, dated 6 May 1968; Press, Toronto, 10 June 1968; Associated n dated 10 June 1968; Washington Star, 1968; Washington Star, dated 24 April Post, dated 11 June 1968; New York vember 1968; Time, dated 13 September dated 6 December 1968; Washington 68; Washington Post, dated 28 ar, dated 8 April 1969; Washington ashington Post, 12 November d 24 March 1969; Washington 4 CONFIDENTIAL 13-00000 '7.)1 1968; Director-93261, dated 20 April 1968; Director- 93260, dated 20 April 1968; Tokyo-9600 (IN-94797), dated 20 April 1968; Director-93236, dated 20 April 1968; Director-93538, dated 22 April 1968; Bo ota_z___)+01" 0707 (IN-95113), dated 22 April 1968; 'rector-93603,7' dated 23 April 1968; La Paz-4254 (IN-96327), dated 23 April 1968; Guatemala City-8934 (IN-99192), dated 26 April 1968. Dispatches: ONHA-3982, dated 22 April 1968; HMMW-16358, dated 22 April 1968. Memoranda': Official Routing Slip, dated 22 October 1975; Official Routing Slip, dated 23 October 1975; Memoranda, dated 23 April 1968. 2. The following agency documents are exempt from release. Exemptions are as cited: (a) Bogota-0703 (IN-95025), dated 20 April 1968; this cable concerns an American National with a striking resemblance to Eric Starve Galt; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (b) Bangkok-9432 (IN-00056), dated 29 April 1968; Airforce Intelligence advised that a person formerly in Bangkok knew James Earl Ray; exempt under (b)(3)(a). --"(c) Rome-5861, dated 3 May 1968; concerns a James Ray, DPOB 8 March 1928, information provided by Siena police to (DEPARK/DEGOTIST); exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1). (d) Memorandum dated 17 April 1268; Subject: Gerald Lee Richards; exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (e) Memorandum, dated 1 May 1968 is a request for preparation of a transmittal to the FBI that deals with King Assassination; exempt under (b)(3)(a). (f) Memorandum, dated 14 May 1968; Subject: Assassination of Martin Luther King. Subject in this memorandum is a James Ray, born 8 March 1928 in Los Angeles. (CSCI-316/01763-68); the information was provided by an Italian intelligence service; exempt Under (b).(1)58(1). ([4 \ `2a 13 -C-v "3tfl -� C5-) 13-00000 retru.A. 3o ikkskAAA0 4-1:4 boo lekc 1).61C I 1T-C- CS (g) Memorandum, dated 16 May 1968; Subject: Investigation in Japan of Report of Suspicious Action -315- of Another Subject who was Originally Described as Resembling Suspected Assassin; contains information provided by the Japanese National Police Agency; exempt under (b)(3)(12)(6), and (b)(1)5B(1). 77 3 C34,9 es01, b) k-b-co-40 (h) Memorandum for the Record, dated 1 Apri 1968; Subject: Unknown Subject, possibly identifiable ,af with Eric Starvo Ga/t; the information was based on 3_t clandestine photography of the Cuban embassy in Mexico City; exempt un1er,(b)(3)(a); (b)(6) and (b)(1)(5)B(1). tAKsz-AnAti (c1Cob-ini^i�Lvw= PM") 10 t711 id 2 , , 1, E 138% _ Dc ;-71 3. the following documents concern the Jaijneft* n Ray case but do not mention the Subject by name. All are 011 exempt under (b)(3)(a) and (b)(6). (a) Eight biographic sketches on individuals (ON 5(Vthought to be associated with the Ray case. (b) Memorandum, dated 17 April 1968; Subject: Gerald Lee Richards. (c) The Hague-4137 (IN-94424), dated 19 April 1968; station and liaison traces provided no evidence that Subject had ever been in the Netherlands; exemptions (b)(1)5B(1) also applies. (d) La Paz-4228 (IN-94482), dated 19 April 1968; La Paz morning papers carried photos of FBI Wanted Posters. (e) requests (f) requests (g) �that two Caracas-9414 (IN-94487), dated 19 April 1968; photo be pouched. San Jose-0157 (IN-94496), dated 19 April 1968; photo be pouched. Director-93306, dated 19 April 1968; states copies of photo sent 19 April. (h) Director-92897, dated 19 April 1968; states two copies of photos sent. � (i) Director-92895, dated 19 April 1968; states two copies of photos sent. � 6 CONFIDENTIAL 13-00000 , (j) Director-93264, dated 20 April 1968; concerns one Edwin Mason. (k) Panama City-6150 (IN-95853), dated 22 April ..-Dq5c1968; concerns the detention of two Americans who were ' suspect. (1) San Jose-0162 (IN-95902), dated 23 April 201968; queries fail to reveal any knowledge of Wolman or ' Hubbard (subjects of Panama City-6150, above). 1(m) Panama City-6180 (IN-97560), dated 24 April L4 04 LI" 1968; concerns a Roderick Claflin Brown, Panamanian cint) National, who voluntarily signed a deposition that when his ship docked in Mobile Ala. in October. 1962 he was approached with a job offer that might have had something to do with Dr. King. (n) Panama City-6193 (IN-98420), dated 25 April 1968, concerns material being pouched to the Station (ie the deposition of R. Brown cited above). (o) Director-94343, dated 25 April 1968; Station (-102-sent a request to pouch copy of deposition and letter. (p) HZPT-10075, dated 26 April 1968; transmits L/03 a copy of deposition material as requested. (q) Lagos-9878, dated 28 April 1968; requests that the Embassy inquire of Wilder. Company concerning one J. B. Musgrave. (r) Lagos-9888 (IN-00793), dated 30 April 1968; reveals subject of Addis Ababa-2200 is not the man we seek. (s) Director-95641, dated 30 April 1968; is a golarequest that future traffic be sent in Air Force Channels. (t) Memorandum, dated 2 May 1968; concerns a .41 Roderick Claflin Brown, a Panamanian National; forwarded 'fttig:ror to the FBI Brown's deposition. 7 CONFIDENTIAL 13-00000 (u) Memorandum to the FBI, dated 6 May 1968; Ltoi/ Subject: Joe Bailey. Musgrave. (v) Memorandum to the FBI, dated 13 May 1968; Subject: Joe Bailey Musgrave; forwarded passport photos of Musgrave. (w) Frankfurt-5732 (IN-18095), dated 24 May 1968; records of the Federal Criminal Police provided a negative reply (re Galt); exempt under (b)(1)(5)B(1). 4. Seven FBI reports which mention the Subject and/or (.1.0 his activities; excluded under 1900.3(g)(4). See Attachment I. a. Undated Memo, sanitized for release if the 1........._ .., , . SUBJECT: . MURKIN .DATE: April 10, 1 - Mr. Rosen 1 - Mr. Malley 1 - Mr. McGowan 1 - Mr. Long 1968 This is the matter involving the assassination � of Dr. Martin Luther King. _ � Liaison advised of the receipt of information � friiim Richard Helms, Director of CIA, that one Robert -� -SLItamgr was a possible suspect. According to Information � furnished by Howard Osborn, Director of Security of CIA, Kramer, who is a doctor, has been a source of ' � trouble to CIA for some time. Only recently Mr. Helms received a very cryptic telegram from Kramer. In reviewing Kramer's file, they noted a photograph which bears a very strong resemblance to recent pictures of artist � drawings of the killer which have appeared in local papers. The likeness was so striking that Mr. Helms thought it should be brought to the attention of the FBI immediately. Tolson beLnaeh Mohr Bishop Casper Callahan Conrad � Felt Gale Rosen Sullivan Tavel Troller Tole. Roost Holmes Gandy ACTION: Senior Resident Agent Jesse Hall, Alexandria, Virginia, was telephonically contacted and instructed to obtain full details from the files of CIA Headquarters at Langley, Virginia, together with all background infor� - mation on Kramer, as well as a photograph, so that this matter could be thoroughly checked out. CRM:mcs � i,(N7} (5) 8 � r Air 8'N r.r., "5 !". r�l'� � . 1.� .� � i�������� � �������� � / I L. REC- I I 1�2 APR 16 1968 13-00000 GealjUilson, FO RA Coordinator .On'125-a-1 Intelligence Agency Washington, D.C. Dear 1.1r. Wilson, kr_ b-s - �3 Rt. 12, Frederick, id. 21701 7/21/77 � (70,;,.. 0.1 LOG- 1144s 1464A ue' PArtelfrie. The news account of your coming release of an. additional 4,000 rages on what might be called mind�bending reminds me that my requests seem to me to cover this and that yeel � have not notified me of this release. I do want these. If you interpret my prior requests as not covering them then consider this a new request. 4 recollection is that my initial requests cover anything and verything directly or indirectly related to this subject. That you have interpreted my requests as I have is evidence from prior Correspondence noti� � fying me of releases. � Under the Act there is authority for the remission of all costs and fees. I believe I meet the requirements for this remission and I make the request foreally;Ky. work 7A-TOP�is restricted exclusively to what is now regarded as important historical cases; In one e on which 1,4 have paid the CIA. large sums without compliance, the Xing assassination, the revious Attorney General so held, formally, confirmed by a federal judge. I have already arranged to give all my reco2ds, not just these, to a university system. i believe at an ,h earlier date I reserved the right to recover these fees. I have delayed a-formal appeal/ �Yt, Pending a determination of a judge that there be a ruling by the Department. of Justice � ; Ltbeet t-44.5 with regard to me and on this.. The Department provided a bargain�basement response, a eq-e� 601; remission that I have appealed and will if necessary litigate. I hope the CIA. will � � r( act favorably on this. It has been a very long tine since I have heard from you about a multitude of requests all long overdue by your own backlog elates. One of these is on the Zing assassination, In that you may recall you estimated a 51,000/ search fee and. asked for and received a $500 deposit. What you have sent is ludicrous. In the long time in which I have heard and , received nothing farther I think you have in el'hect refused the request after charging fees soj_eisela....elso an_aP11ealePnetba_Zing/Rayerecords. � I an. asang again when I may expect to hear from you on ell the other requests, including my PA request for the records on me. The appeal is several years old now. My recollection is that year last reference to this stated the processing of the apneal had - not been completed. I have rights undr the Act to nor: than copies. I want to exercise those rights. This is impossible without obtaining all copies first. AseI have told you repeatedly I would prefer not to have to litigate this. That I an thus really asking you is doe s the CIA want me to suit it on a reeuest that goes back to 1971 and on which it is not in compliance? Not oven processed tye appeal? Among the factors making it difficult to keep tracle:z of these non�compliances is your failure to respond as well as to comply. I believe I have asked this before. 12 I have then .what follows is an appeal from a refusal. If I have not it is a new request. I would like Et K Ape-Tall records relating to my requests and appeals; including their sequential relationships �le to other requests, under both Acts and particularly as this relates to compliance with Lother requests. ficl e Si 71111 Sine/ rely, w , i Harold Weisberg 13-00000 WG� ow.c. b4 � ( - 76 Bt. 12, Trederick, lid. 21701 7/21/77 ('ra.;. 0. od� Cux�ettoi) �Lo6- rtgat ita4 te. 1�164 Le! WAUEAT The news account of your coming release of an additional A,000 rages on what 'night be called mind-bending reminds ne that my requests seem to� me- to corer this and that you - have not notified me of this release. I do want these. If you interpret my prior requests as not covering them then consider this a new request. 4 recollection is that my initial requests cover anything and verything directly or indirectly related to this subject. That you have interpreted my requests as I have is evidence from prior Correspondence noti- % f3ing me of releases. hr.Gene Wilson, FOIOA Coordinator t �-Sabtral Intelligence Agency � 'Ashington, D.C. Dear -air. Wilson, �.. 4;1%49- Under the Act there is authority for the remission of all costs and fees. I believe b","1- I meet the requirements for this remission and I make the request formally:My-work 173t:is restricted exclusively to what is now regarded as important historical cases, In one 1(onWhich have paid the CIA. large sums without compliance, the Xing assassination, the _ e iirevious Attorney General so held, formally, confirmed by a federal judge. I have already arranged to give al/ my recotds, not just these, to 'a university system. i believe at an earlier date I reserved the right to recover these fees. I have delayed a' formal appeal/S 41, Pend-Inas determination of a judge that there be a ruling by the Department. of Justice .1 e..s with regard to me and on this.. The Department provided a bargain-basement response, a tir Gal remission that I have appealed and will if necessary litigate. I hope the CIA will act favorably on this. - -4 It has been a ver7 long time since I have heard from you about a multitude of requests all long OVV3270113 by your own backlog claims. One of these is on the Xing assassination, In � th0t you may 'recall you estimated a 01,000A search fee aad asked foe and received a 4:500 � prineatt. What vow have cent is ludicrous. In tee long time in which I have heard and .1 received nothing further. I think you have in ef_7act refused the request after charging .feee so this_inealso an_aP.Peal enatheinaAtay racoeds. I an. asking again when I may expect to hear from you on all the other requests, including my PA request for the records on me. The appeal is several years old now. My recollection is that your last reference to this stated the processing of the apeeal had not been completed. I have rights under the Act to mor: than copies. I want to exercise those rights. This is impossible without obtainine all copies first. Asei have told you repeatedly I would prefer not to have to litigate this. What I an. thus really asking you � is doe s the CIA want me to suit it on a request that goes back to 1971 and on which it is not in compliance? Not oven processed tye appeal? Among the factors maldng it difficult to keep tracIt of these non-compliances is your failure to respond as well as to comply. I believ. I have asked this before. 12 I have than �irwhat follows is an appeal from a refusal. If I have not it is a now request. I would like er-a/I records relating to my requests and appeals; including their sequeetial relationships 01to other requests, under both Acts and particularly as this relates to compliance with !other reauests. 11,ficis-; .�17nr t : Sine raly, / Harold lir3isi.) erg ELK. 13-00000 � El Utikh17FIED INTERNAL I---I USE ONLY p CONFIDENTIAL p SECRET PRIORITY' -HANDLINp:- -F0.1A- REQUEST SUBJECT: ..(Optional):i" FOIA Appeal - Harold Weisberg, for information about . ....Martin Luther Ring, Jr. and James - Earl Ray REQUEST NUMBER IPS1P 76-382 FROM:. . E.G. Bean Assistant for Information, DDA 7 P2 111:1 �., EXTENSION . 5117 DATE SENT' 15-Auu SUSPENSE DATE TO: (Officer desi ',saran, rOOT number ;and g bUilding) DATE RECEIVED FORWARDED OFFICER'S INITIALS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) I. Ift. Wells, DDO EITRU1 Mr. Addona DDO/PICG 3. Mr. Dirks, DDS&T rIMEJ: Mr. Redmond, DDS&T/FIO 6 R 56 HQ BY-1 'C." AUG *7/ 5. Mr. Stevens, DDI DERU: Mr. Lawler, DDI/FIO 2 E 6104 FQ TIT-4 6. 7. Mr. Blake, DDA 7 D 26 HQ BR-4 8. 9. Mr. Ziebell, OGC 6-D-0120 - Hqs. BX -5 Biddiscombe OS/IRG GE 31 HQ FR-1 12. RETURN TOs. FORM q711,9 1 - 7 5 ��� " Attached is an FOIA Appeal with a due date of 19 Aug 77, � In accordance with IPS pro- cedures, the Chairman has assigned action for this appeal as follows: Mr. Wells. Mk. Dirks, Mk. Stevens and Mk. Blake Designated Action Member(s) should contact me within 48 hours should there be any objection to the case assignment. The OGC attorney assigned to advise you or your Appeals Officer regarding this case is: Mr. Ziebell The Action Member or Appeals Officer is requested to ensure that staff work is completed and the case is ready for presentation (should such be required) at the 11 Aug 77 Meeting.- 0 SECRET CONFIDENTIAL i tiNsTEERM LI UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 (p) kekb,f),Ic4I � cl reot 41 I F 76%-382 June 11, 1976 FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST JAMES H. LESAR ATTORNEY AT LAW 1231 FOURTH STREET, S. W. WASHINGTON, D. C. 20024 TELEPHONE [phone] � Mr. Gene F. Wilson Freedom of Information Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency � Washington, D. C. 20505 Dear Mr. Wilson: On behalf of Mr. Harold Weisberg of Frederick, Maryland I request access to the following: 1. All records pertaining to Dr. Martin Luther King, 2. 411 _records pertaining to the assassination of� Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. 3. All records pertaining to James Earl ..x, under whatever name or alias. 4. All recgrds on any alleged ortsuspect_!Alaccompliceor associate in the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. 5. All collections af_4212taisliesterials on the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. 6. P41 analyses, commentaries, reports, or investigations on or in any way pertaining to any publishda-Materials on the assaiii= nation of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. or the authors of said materials.. 7. All records, letters, cables, memorandums, routing slips, photographs, tape recordings, receipts, sketches, computer printouts or any other form of data pertaining to or in any way relevant te. the foregoing requests for information, regardless of source or& origin. Wray. This request is made under the provisions of the Freedom otx) Information Act, 5 U.S.C. �552, as amended by Public Law 93-5024. ate. Sincerely yours, James H. es 13-00000 21 JUN 1976 � James H. Lesar, Esquire 1231 Fourth Street, S.W. Washington, D.C. 20024 Pear Mr.. Lesar:- This acknowledges receipt of your letter of 11 June 1976 on behalf of Mr. Harold Weisberg requesting, under provisions of the Freedom of Information Act, access to any CIA records dealing with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and/or James Earl Ray and any of his alleged or suspected accomplices in Dr. King's assassination. I shall arrange for a search of CIA files and shall be in further communication with you once the search has been completed and any records found reviewed for releasability under the Act. As you may know, the heavy volume of Freedom of Information requests received by the Agency has resulted in processing back- logs. If we do not respond within the 10 working days stipulated by the Act, it is your right to construe this as a denial, subject to appeal to the CIA Information Review Committee. It would seem more reasonable, however, for us to continue processing your request and to respond as soon as feasible. Any denials of records could be appealed at that time. Unless we hear from you otherwise, we will assume that this is agreeable to you and proceed on this basis. For your information, I am enclosing a copy of our fee schedule. If the charges seem likely to be considerable, I shall provide you with an estimate and perhaps require a partial payment in advance of processing. Sincerely, /s/GFW Gene F. Wilson Information and Privacy Coordinator rnclosure: as stated IPS/CES/cb/21 Jun 76Distribution: Orig - Addressee 1 -/IPS Chrono 1 V IPS (F-76-382) 3 0 NOV 476 James H. Loser Esquire 1231 Fourth Street, Washington, DC 20024 'Dear Mt. Lesar: - IPS/DGV/cr/29 Nov 76 Distribution: Orig. - Addressee 1 - OGC (Strickland) 1 - DDO/P/CG 1 - OS/IRG 1 - AI/DDA (L)- IPS (Weisberg,F-76-382) SPR 1 - IPS (Weisberg Correspondence) 1 - IPS Chrono � You will recall that our letter of 21 June 1976 acknowletigest receipt of your letter en behalf of Mr. Harold Weisberg requesting, under provisions of the Freedom of Information Act, access to any CIA records dealing with Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., and to those � dealing with James Earl Ray and any of his alleged or suspected accomplices in Dr. King's assassination. We find that we are unable to respond to your request as it now stands due to legal and regulatory restrictions on the release of personal information from-official records. In that light, please be advised that we can proceed no further with your request unless and until we are in receipt of notarized statements of re- lease from Mrs. Coretta King and James Earl Ray, respective/y. Those statements should be_quito specific as to what areas of personal information are and are not authorized for release by this Agency to you and your client. If all information in our records is releasable, that should be so stated; if only such information as relates to specific incidents or to specific periods of time is releasable, those caveats should be clearly stated. Finally, we must ask that you provide a statement of willing- ness to pay search and duplic*tion fees as required by this request and in line with the fee schedule enclosed. It has been estimated that such charges could approach $1000. Along with the notarized statements above, and the statement, of willingness to pay all search and copying charges (or those up to an established limit), 144 would require a down payment of half the anticipated charges. Payment should be made to this office in the form of a check or money order payable to Treasurer of the United States. Gene F. Wilson Information and Privacy Coordinator Enclosure JAMES H. LESAR ATTORNEY AT LAW 1291 FOURTH STREET. S. W. WASHINGTON. D. C. 20024 TELEPHONE [phone] December 3, 1976 Mr. Gene F. Wilson Information and Privacy Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, D. C. 20505 Dear Mr. Wilson: In response to your letter of November 30, 1976, Mr. Harold Weisberg has authorized me to state his willingess to pay search and copying charges up to the amount of $1,000 if such charges are required by his Freedom of Information Act request for records pertaining to Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. and his assassination. Because you require a down payment of half the anticipated charges, I enclose a check for $500.00; This payment of $500.00 and any subsequent payments made in connection with this request are tendered with the express resgFva- tion that Mx. Weisberg does not waive his right to recover them. C.I.A. regulations provide: Records shall be furnished without charge or at a reduced rate whenever the Coordina- tor determines that waiver or reduction of the charge is in the public interest because furnishing the information can be considered as primarily benefiting the general public. The Coordinator also may waive or reduce the charge whenever he determines that the inte- rest of the government would be served there- by. 32 C.F.R. �1900.25(a). In accordance with this regulatibn, I call upon you to determine that it is in the public and governmental interest to waive search and copying charges incurred in connection with Mr. Weisberg's request. Enclosed herein is a copy of a letter to Deputy Attorney General Harold R. Tyler, Jr. which makes a similar request of the Department of Justice. The reasons expressed in that letter for granting a waiver are incorporated in my request that you grant a waiver. Should you require it, I will provide you with affidavits by myself, Mr. Weisberg, and others in support of this request for .a waiver of the search and copying charges for these records. If you do wish supporting affidavits, I would appreciate it if you would 13-00000 �.� 2 inform me of this as soon as possible. I would also request that you indicate what standards, if any, you have established for determining whether or not a request for waiver should be granted. You state that you can proceed no further with Mr. Weisberg's request "unless and until we are in receipt of notarized state- ments of release from Mrs. Coretta King and James Earl Ray, respectively." Because Mr. Weisberg's request undoubtedly com- prises records which do not invdive any proper claim of privacy, this cannot be true. I do enclose, however, a copy of a notarized waiver by James Earl Ray. I will immediately contact Mrs. King about .a waiver by her. In the meantime, I request that you proceed to make available those records responsive to Mr. Weisberg's re- quest which do not involve any proper claim of invasion of privacy. Sincerely yours, W/t/gAt James H. Lesar- 13-00000 *Imes H. Lesar,,-, Esquire 1231 Fourth St$ NW Washington, DC 20024 Dear Mr. Lesar: � Think you for your letter of 27 December. This will acknowledge receipt of the sworn waiver executed by Mr. James Earl Ray, and to advise that processing of this portion of your request has been initi- ated. Upon receipt of the sworn waiver from Mrs. King, as mentioned In your letter of 3 Decembers; wewill then be able to proceed with all aspects of your FOIA request." We also wish to acknowledge receipt of your check for $500. Thank you for your assistance and continued cooperation. This request has been assigned the case number F-76-382. IPS/EK/cb/12 Jan 77 Distribution: Orig - Addressee 1 -,IPS Chrono Y 1 IPS F-76-382 1 - OGC Gene F. Wilson Information and Privacy Coordinator 13-0000p FOIA Appeal - Harold Weisberg, for information about Marti: Luther King, Jr. and James Earl Ray H.G. Bean Assistant for information, DDA 7 D 02 HQ 1 � des,s.ncihon, room number, nod 1. DAVE RECENE0 wAADED OFHCE INITIALS 1. Mr. Wells, DDO THRU: Mr. Addona DDO/PICG 1_0_1075 RQ '3. Mr. Dirks, DDS&T THRU: Mr. Redmond, DDS&T/FIO R 56 HQ BY-1_ 5' Mr. Stevens, DDI .IHRU: Mr. Lawler, DDI/FIO 2 E 6104 BQ b. Mr. Blake, DDA 7 D 26 HQ . BX-4 8. Mr. Ziebell, OGC 6 -D -0120 - Hqs. BX -5 Mr, Biddiscombe, OS/IRG GE 31 HQ FX-1 12. 7'J RN r : L IPS F 76-382 PI� teliLoaLpr74-4 1 AUU COM,Ac7,45 ;Number ,,,361 comment To show from whom fo whom. Draw a hne across column after each corrmwM1 Attached is an FOIA Appeal with a due date of 19 Aug 77. . In accordance with IPS pro- cedures, the Chairman has assigned action for this appeal as follows: Mr. Wells, Mr. Dirks, Mr. Stevens and Mr. Blake � Designated Action Member(s) should contact me within 48 hours should there be any objection to� the case assignment. The OGC attorney assigned to advise you or your Appeals Officer regarding this case is: Mr. Ziebell The Action Member or Appeals Officer is requested to ensure that staff work is completed and the case is ready for presentation (should such be required) at the 11 Aug 77 meeting.. z E.G.Ben-. al? , "),7'L3 ri SECRET F] �CONFIDENTIAL USE Lii 13-00000 13-00000 % ) OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FEDERAL BUREAU OF INVESTIGATION vASH1NGTON, D.C. 204.35 Date: September 28, 1977 BY COURIER To: Freedom of Information Act Coordinator Central Intelligence Agency Washington, D. C. Attention: Gene F. Wilson Room 2E 42 From: Clarence M. Kelley, Director 1.7.2 � 411' 4 eT,Sp EginSTRY F'7- Subject: FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA) REQUEST OF HAROLD WEISBERG This is in reference to our referral of documents to your Agency dated August 18, 1977, and your response to that referral dated September 9, 1977. q/q//7 We have segregated from this referral those documents which are not responsive to Mr. Weisberg's FOIA request. The remaining documents which are being forwarded to your Agency are construed to be within the scope of Mr. Weisberg's request. Should you reach a determination that some of these documents are not responsive to Mr. Weisberg's request, please return those documents which you so consider to the FBI. We would appreciate your processing all those documents which you consider to be within the scope of Mr. Weisberg's request as it is necessary that we resolve the disposition of these documents and so inform the requester without further delay. Attached ares4 documents from our files which originated with your Agency. Please examine these documents and if classified, determine if classification is to be maintained. If continued classification is not warranted, or if the documents are unclassified and otherwise releasable, please delete any portion to be withheld under the FOIA, and cite the applicable exemptions. 13-00000 � s Centr4Intelligence Agency Also attached are two FBI documents which contain information received from your, agency. The information is being referred for a current classification determination and releasability under the provisions of the FOIA. If there are any questions regarding the above, please contact Ralph Harp, FOIPA Branch, at telephone number 324-5566. Enclosures (8) 2 13-00Q00 � � 4. � � � -el � �� � JAMES H. LESAR ATTORNEY Al' LAW � - 222111002TM 2ITREET. 1. W: � '1;� � WASHINGTON. D. C. 20024 � � S�i� �-��� December .23, 1975 " irsupilosig (202) 424.41023 I'' FREEDOM OF INFORMATION REQUEST � Sir. Harold Tyler, Jr. Deputy Attorney General "AL S. Department of Justice 'Washington, D. C. 20530 Dear Mr. Tyler: � On behalf of Mr. Harold_ Weisksm I am requesting that you grant him access to the following records pertaining to the assassi- nation of ,Dr. Martin Luther.Kingc Jr.: � � � . . - 1. All receipts for any letters, cables, documents, reports, memorandums, or other communications in any form whatsoever. - 2. All receipts for .any items of physical evidence. 3. All reports or memorandums on the results of any tests performed on any item of evidence, including any comparisons normally made in the investigation of a crime. � 4. All reports or memorandums on any fingerprints found at the scene of the crime or on any item allegedly related to the crime. This is meant to include, for example, any fingerprints found in or on the white Mustang abandoned in Atlanta, in any room allegedly used or rented by James Earl Ray, and on any registration card. It should also include all fingerprints found on any item considered as evidence in the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther Xing, Jr. 5. Any taxicab log or manifest of Memphis cab driver James McCraw or the cab company for which he worked. 6. Any tape or transcript of the radio logs of the Memphis . Police Department or the Shelby County Sheriff's Office for April 4, 1968. 7. All correspondence and records of other communications exchanged between the Department of Justice or any division thereof and: . R. A Ashley, Jr. Harry S. Avery - t't r is a 1���� Li I. � 13-00000 � ,:i .� I � � �� . I . :4 ' � .0. i .� �� � -��.. .. . -� . � ...4. � � �� �. ) es .: P Zik --jamesAG. Beasley � t ieti� i � � ;,.. . . . � 5;'�-� : t..?.., ��. clay Blair . ... , DaVidrtir6uit- r..T-e....::..-,:- --t;.%,-.: -,:-!.: � .., �� � � �� ... . � ..1,..:..:..s.. ....., � Phil M. Canale - r John Carlisle �Robert K. Dwyer � Gov. Buford Ellington e Michael Eugene. c Tercy Foreman 464, � Gerold Frank ; Roger Frisby Arthur Hanes, Jr. A Arthur Hanes, Sr. . ..i ifoit W. Henry Haile V William J. Haynes, Jr. Robert W. Hill, Jr. �ore � �� William Bradford Buie ' : . � � , . . 'A George McMillan el. William N. Morris ..,11. ( � Jeremiah O'Leary ' . . sr, AZ David M. Pack �. Lloyd A. Rhodes ..t1 J. B. Stoner,/ w . K�Hugh SteectrJr. Ao Hugh Stomerp.At... A 1.:41 8. All correspondence or records of other communications per- taming to the guilty plea of James Earl Ray exchanged between the Department of Justice or any division thereof and: .:. f� Rev. Ralph Abernathy - Rev. James Bevel .... e41 Rev. Jesse Jackson Mrs. Coretta Ring Rev. Samuel B. Kyles Rev. Andrew Young , Marry Wachtel z-41 9. All notes or memorandums pertaining to any letter, cable, ; or other written communication from or on behalf of the District -4-1 ,.. , Attorney General of Shelby County, Tennessee, or the Attorney General of Tennessee to the Department of Justice or any division 7 thereof. :1 1 "k,'. 13-000.00 .. � � � � . � � I. � � :. � .� . . 3 . 7., . 3 � .1141:notes.or memorandums pertaining to.any tit iierbaroommunications frOm or On behalf of the District Attorney7 . General. of -Shelby ..County,�-�Tennessee.f.: or. the. Attorney Velieritriof *.1 d . 'Tennessee to the Department.of Justice Or any division thereof.� �� � 11. All tape recordings and all logs, transcripts, notes, reports, memorandums or any other written record of or reflecting any surveillance of any kind whatsoever of the following persons: it 411W.. judge Preston Battle Wayne Chastain - 11 Bernard Fensterwald Percy Foreman .. Gerold Frank . ' foi Arthur Hanes, jr. la Arthur Hanes, Sr. .. 4.4 �� t . . .t . ,.,. -Renfro Hays -: . �:, �; ,. � ., ....� � . �it.S. Robert W. Hill, Jr. 9.4 - William Bradford Buie james H. Lesar . . . .- Robert I. Livingston' � George McMillan Judge Robert McRae, Jr.' 44 Albert Pepper Carol Pepper James Earl Ray Jerry Ray John Ray . NJ ' Richard J. Ryan g; J. B. Stoner Russell X. Thompson -,1 Harold Weisberg . e4 1 This is meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail covers, nail interception, interception by any telephonic, electronic, mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with third IA persons and the use of informants. b.4 12. All tape recordings and all logs, transcripts, notes, � rer reports, memorandums or any other written record of or reflecting any surveillance of any kind whatsoever on the Committee to Investi- , � s gate Assassinations (CTIA) or any person associated with it in any . .-1,- . way. This is meant to include not only physical shadowing but also � .f.� � A; mail covers, mail interception, interception by any telephonic, .14 electronic, mechanical or ether means, as well as conversations with third persons and the use of informants. � .. � � 13-00000 10 � � � p. 4. � .� 4 .......411.-.1.11111.records.pertair4ng p:k.any alleged, or contemplated. .. witness, including any statements, transcripts, reports, or miemori 'clums'from Any source whatsoever: . . . � . . . 14. All correspondence of the following persons, regardless of origin or however obtained: Bernard Fensterwald Percy Foreman Robert W. Hill. William Bradford Buie James H. Lesar Albert Pepper Carol Pepper James Earl Ray Jerry Ray John Ray - J. B. Stoner Harold Weisberg IMO . . . . 15. All letters, cables; reports, memorandums, form of communication concerning the proposed-guilty Earl Ray. Or any othei plea of James 16. All records of any information request or inquiry from, or any contact by, any member or representative of the news media pertaining to the assassination of Dr. Martin Luther Ring, Jr. since April 15, 1975. 17. All notes, memoranda, correspondence or investigative re- ports constituting or pertaining to any re-investigation or attempted re-investigation of the assassination of Dr. King undertaken in 1969 or anytime thereafter, and all documents setting forth the reasons or guidelines for any such re-investigation. 18. Any and all records pertaining to the New Rebel Motel and the DeSoto Motel. � Any records pertaining to James Earl Ray's eyesight. 20. Any records made available to any writer or news re- porter which have not been made available to Mr. Harold Weisberg. 21. Any index or table of contents to the 96 volumes of evi- dence on the assassination of Dr. King. 22. A list of all evidence conveyed to or from the FBI by any legal authority, whether state, local, or federal. 13-00000 - � IV' � 4 , 23., Ail reports, notes, correspondence, pr memorandums Pertaining to any effort Wthe Department of Justiae o expedite the transcript of the evidentiary hearing held in October, 1974, on James Earl Ray's petition for a writ of habeas corpus. 24. All reports, notes, or memorandums on information con- tained in any tape recording delivered or made available to the ' "I-FBI or the District Attorney General of Shelby County by anyone whomsoever. All correspondence engaged in with respect to any in- vestigation which was made of the information contained in any of the foregoing. 25. All records of any contact, direct or indirect, by the FBI, any other police or law enforcement officials, or their infor- mants, with the Memphis group of young black radicals known as /he Invaders. 26. All records of any surveillance of any kind of The Invaders or any member or associate of that organization. This is - meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail covers, mail interception, interception by telephonic, electronic, mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with third persons and the use of informants. � 27. All records of any surveillance of any kind of any of the unions involved in or associated with the garbage strike in Memphis or any-employees or officials of said unions. This is meant to include not only physical shadowing but also mail covers, mail interception, interception by any telephonic, electronic, mechanical or other means, as well as conversations with third persons and the use of informants. 28. All records containing information which exculpates or tends to exculpate James Earl Ray of the crime which, he allegedly committed. This request for disclosure is made under the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 052, as amended by Public Law 93-502, 68 Stat. 1561. Sincerely yours, . 13-00000 UNCLASSI F I fp., SUBJECTI (Optional) 'FBReferralI re Martin LUther Kinc, et a ri INTERNAL USE ONLY FROM: M, Felt-On ISS/PICG D CONFIDENTIAL SECRET REQUEST NUMBER 75- -77-322 � TO: (Officer designation, 'room number, and building) ' PRO 1!,1 TV DATE DATE RECEIVED 13 'AUG EXTENSION 9532 , DATE SENT 8 .Aug. 77 SUSPENSE DATE OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom INITIALS to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.). FORWARDED 977 ANDL1NG 4 N.FIDENTI, CAsigo) P1s review the attached for release to the requester. Thanks. MDF , ' � FOIA REQUEST CLASSIF 13-0000Q � .r.." ; % , si�:� E;72E-62. CO=C2s 4F5;15r0 REFElf'T (our coil:, . -IMMORAL- Da:tracts from HalioOevatariatelUosass aI,uD23 031, SAO 4irs at mama, - 30 loril 1956 Am OF REFCRTs lb Elay 1956 . '1441,4;44,4!: �lb:Wafts of latareat takes from ea COI�Kaat)ly Oovatartatallissass Magart era as Mims arm= Itzt=r1C2L=4:cr uricaa in Alattn. GP ste:cr esmflaaS Ia 'c.T1 11:111 a fzatnr
<p ft?="" ec3c-7.7..:23.="" �0t1111t103="" of="" idbbatbwrsists="" l="" at="" forth.="" illaata="" lam?="" d3keztzr="" aorta="" ptbilaa="" again.="" 20,="" la="" osc.tcga="" c___="" ,c2="" ant="" cpc3="" tt3="" jc="xm" tally="" c471:3="" ecvemisi="" lt1ri2d="" cylvacci="" in="" tt:a="" alv="" fr,.-.,3="" c.:att.="" no="" �1:="1....zen" c3="" 3="" l.l.,:n="" 21:4="" cal-icrtcd="" ftr="" ca="" 5="" rzsch="" 1904="" a="" iat:2="" 1="" l3="" c.".3="" cr.:1="" ramalca="" cv="" c:21.q="" e1c3="" 0="" l:c="m7,3" e.7.-i-ci="" 9;3.="" li="in" q="" l.t3="" edi="" i3="" 2.;0.="" cal="" elltt.z....1t:f.:.,�3="" alc="%tr" .="" ltelit-1="" boxrb="" tla="" t="" furt7="" et63="" )4'0="" t3="" 1908="" o="" ......1,sc3="" t*artiti="" tigzcz3="" rasac::="7:3" v="125:1." tallaga="7.3" 10.="" i.:other="" vmcgr="" 11c1="" en="" 4.:.:3="" jc1="3" c4;173="" c,cvlair="i" cs="" sli3c2cc3="" it1tiw="11=3" d.="" cr--.71="" c:"----1';zs="" tow="fa" anclza"="" frcnitn="" el:="" lei1r.5actemm212="1'" ft2tt:r="" itzthryt;rtblo="" all="r.:3e2ssicroli3" co="" ,="" c="fi=3" t%n="" fc1="1444Nlatclftrc:a" =i="" c1="17.3" ca.%="2,47,.�...3cs." 03="" cm="" -="" t10="" i="7.:31" two.="" ,.,c.:3="3" sv1="-.3" c.%="" lpill="" 1v:5="" let:3="" 10="" c.="" '="" i7="" atra1cts3="" =1="" rt,-r="1.14r1gr-4r3" 1.3="" ca.="" 4q="" c.3="" ''="" al:="" �.,="" cag="" .."w.2="" a"..1:="C;3" ca'cas="" �="" ...:="" ....="" crtt="" \="" iles="ma�" rzt-sr="1" t.7.3="" p4".'......27="" pc:::.tc:1="" c.:?....-="7." cur="" &z221::,,--qie="" ki:511x:="7," t'.:n="" itt="es" c1c77.:7.3="" r..1u="" t*z3="" lati="" c.17-7.:a="" cozz.7="" al="" 12="3" c:="C:3" ie1c0t.trz="" c2="" lizziso="" cs:�tr.:218:,.="" wi="" !="" t2="" '.="" 1:3="" sx="123," cl-ce7.7aczat:1="" ta="" ibilcdra="" c:11="" c:cici="" fz....'111cz="a" *="" c:�="" il="" c.7,-;17="" czautarzzgla="" lcr.r.="..-..t.1" cc:z-4="1" tic="c.ttcz." e4="" illal="" rat.="...r.m" c1z3t22.a="" az::="," reznacz,="" i....!,="" -..-="" -z.:..-7="" 107.3107="" elcztaa="" 1.4="c1ctIca," c:.-1="" c.:3="" c.7.:....1...20="" ea="" '13="" x="" :="" crz:z.zrn="" via="" t,.,="" cz.z...1="" lcza="7.7.,-,z,--....2" yeriartz.1="" cz...1="" c:11:7";="1" st;u141="" isal="" 1-4101c3="" cativatif="" sbicl="a" tzetz.)="" tta="" _="" ,e,="" vs="" ��="" --gs...:x.3="" lisfeaza="" pima.�="" se="" el="" 4="" "="" 51.="" .�="" document="" as="" referred="" to="" -lailif="" -tot="" b="" 29,,k4i-00="" 054="" ialiotl-ellitoliat:fotaii="" �,�="" ion,="" ..="" ,.obc="" i.;)4.-:'t-.4.76'.="" 'tooti="" 4?="" 4.4-13.1.40..�ti:'cl'o'44,="" iiiiiiiii="" 70.140="" -,..pe.y:ored="" that.the'raablroblda="" vas="" botto="" .4.$00_6..,,prob1c.a.="" -,-="" -...:11.f.*i.o04.-4juit.hoia:040.01iiiire&t.bijleri'.ii..*4.,:'.4="" -4ordre="" g="" ---="" 441;j1alq,="" they="" uero-piebably="" referrirpry-te,aawnagi.do4uttihee="" thacomminiet:manifeatoy="" quoted="" �holowara="" portions="" emihor="" artiolo="" undor="" the="" caption="" 'itls="" ilms="" utitten="" by="" erre*="" oalfrni,.indolicot*v="" gq0464*'="" frea.fairbanks,="" alackb,="" for="" howie="" representatives,'.="" 0.�="" *today="" thare'acems="" be="" littlaorno'nttaiticin,paid::te:t�.="" a-m="9104" est.4.4="" foul:030re="" this="" nownation,="" constitbtleng="" dullaroci,ca="" or="" insopendchoo,ar.the="" andre="" pcdpwactiiiiiidhow="" ttabs="" qmited="" statue.'="" o-4-41="" (in="" roferenobto.the="" cennti40.4w0t'.="" use="" united="" litotes)="" p'41though="" thie:oonotitntionraidwbbbie-="" -amen�other="" uritten.conatitution="" 4400llentwa4t4coht0,-4to.="" 4ixpi1.alty,="" ths="" preol,aion="" its="" language,="" and="" judinious.alztnie.="" :of="" definiteneas="" principle,="" it="" has="" becoics="" naaloci4d="" cciaoli(tutizo,9="" pop="" t,144yo,4of="" rac�="" terror="" .4.ha*rhite4ltl4the,gonoil.="" .�ny="" thttojovc09j="" tth="" troo.="" f.1rdoro="" white="" citieno="" council.="" era="" not="" only="" rcbtdl="" but="" anti:17$i4tio.i4:::404400..;j:th41:="" itn="" ?gcvo="" 44%0="" of..eidek-:tcd.04040**0-pf.040,444040*.0c440.4004*="" 0000.="" idiio4="" l00t0�60="" 0000="" 000.="" 43440.*="" 20="" 1110'..apvgitiosjii="" t4i.ehpieuo="" ati_ab..:crtiele.r01044-3:="" that="" catholic="" mikkei="" hao="" ptotoeteediiie-pfaldis14.4".-0,t14:.dattifoordi:0="" vielatiop="" t*s.tre0oei="" frani*:="" an="" article="" appearing="" underlhe="" captloo?_auto�:41orktra="" fikei*epay="" ir4ollnze="" ton:coto="" ..tim,�="" "'demand="" 30-hour:000,0:49="" houre4410_07="" uaw,="" ford="" local="" 600,="" 41.141g.="" ania4lot="" ertieldienddrthe.="" oapticp="" 141o7staht="" falling="" off;="" productiwity:,10,40043thei�totetv="" jcwilt="" clark,="" prooihent.of="" thantornotiobal="" !won="" 4caltarworkore,="" aectotiqg="" his="" union="" "ialotthdel.a.0-49-47pitsthice="" copet="" ftolimihs="" c#ployet:="" cotalojeduistry="" 14040="" ibrth="" thio.icacs="" lhe.alime4n="" labor="" dote:odor="" ti*"platforseyoubduald="" w.="Sp," independent="" ganoldate-for="" benet*,="" culf.st:wyfiu�="KU-" ligililifia,="" u1110="" kaft1:621,="" indopondont="" f-arllideteo.="" hoag*="" roproachtotleoes�="" istv.of.tho="" loauoo="" listed="" on="" 'platform'="" are="" top="" govetn="nte" thou.:ht.-control="" witch="" hunt="" which="" le="" pushlag="" america="" ii="" iitioioati="" 46''''="" pub1ioation="" otftciiuq0="" l�nn="" vhich,="" y-6-.,.,�0,0,00="" attorney="" t:="" *,40i*ot,.:="" t.="" 1,..iii!,013tro="" ..,,="" oi:="" iii-e.ii!ooti="" editorof="" thin="" 00="LIATISbc.nk�" licoroation="" center="" cofo,="" tho="" dvortiscr="" redition7'.="" ilia="" �00,:.listed="" ctogory.="" i,="" alackon="" .a17,*o="" list..="" couficeitim.="" 13-00000="" 116="" own="" as..="" passel="" 1.911ef�="" 0141mmnokm="" chief,="" sr="" ;="" nom="" chief="" station,="" anchorage="UAL" remou="" opstatioda1="" smonc="" transmittal="" extracts="" taken="" from="" aac="" counterintelligenee="" report="" april="" 1956="" onvons="" oats="" r5="" *ay="" 195f="" submitted="" herewith="" your="" information="" retention="" attract@="" lac="" monthly="" counterintelligence="" covering="" period.="" 30="" 1956.="" is="" deals="" with="" cb="" activities="" alaskan="" theatre.="" approved.="" attashmento="" report,="" dup.="" distributions="" 3-ebedquarters="" w="" attech="" noted.="" ans="" 81-28a="" ft4,404(="" cusse14.="" arne="" ci="" ��a="" co'="" \411="" `01="" evil="" text="" copy.="" do="" not.="" releasvt-="" tit="" lid1="" ll="" iitci:1:17.;%!:iti="" 11111="" 1111="" iiiii="" '104="" itiaiii!o="" 13-0000q="" �imaroots="" !atoms,="" taboo="" fools="" osi="" noothir="" oosatoriotsilismass="" deport="" ars="" mime="" singpsis="" amor="" iod="" maim="" arrisys="" histsbi.="" cip="" masher="" osselasi="" pam&="" jail="" als="" sashorago="" tor="" saa.auppost.="" adatroliss="" sot="" mask="labor" dorsasor="" snorts="" ara&alrorairt="" yadassear="" list="" fres="" ibasoms="" daily="" beige="" irstadiad="" arriesd="" oily="" hos="" ostattio,="" thablagtos="" ildia="" wol,itopartal="" bookarogo="" es="" nowa="" 1956.,="" later="" 1lat="" tis="" atat="" asweptipar="" rovasiod="" oldi="" soli="" flow="" asokorago="" 13="" nardi="" 1556.="" eta="" istarvisood="" br="" too="" ec="" 1951="" wm="" sillatteit="" totes="" stabar="" tbs="" tetohlhas="" brawls="" tin="" csoalot="" party="" 190="" md.="" gisaatustrairellaidereir="" tasalar="" robsalad.="" ;weals.="" todioatod="" mud="" b.="" rattan="" masks="" fru="" si="" ostia="" lhartbar="" tawdry="" arias="" diastase.="" am="" imp="" mid="" padova="" jalir="" aashasioso="" ad="" easmad="" assamatet="" item="" wife.="" nem="" ralossad="" so="" awl="" 1156="" whoa="" n.="" pqr="" ~law="" swat="" sal="" rasortadly="" stionsing="" statilms="" sail="" oho="" saaaorass="" asoa�="" 3.="" eddir="" ntli="" �igy="" mono&="" attires,="" 4,="" eaoharogo="" mayor,="" 1~s="" dispute="" vali="" thasdi="" war="" patio="" ovatioll.="" aa="" boob%="" ha="" sawastir="" assiosanted="" tie="" ibillatges_fogroall="" mow="" etationwstal="" imam="" criassah="" siostriss1="" ban="" laws%="" ilatatilea="" dlootrio="" ltdirsiss="" 1%11341,="" etastris="" alataistlits,="" gs="" tut="" ow="" um="" oat%="" ina="" awasparie="" ispolptel="" 11114="" stistai="" hal="" maas="" aotiolar="" gala="" was="" wad="" tab:="" moo="" rrwri="" obi="" oomments="" charles="" parker="" mentioned="" above="" believed="" tr677-1srliame="" individual="" lim="PARKES," who="" resigned="" commission="" u.s.="" naval="" reserve="" because="" of.="" edmitted="" pro-suesien="" gyepathies.="" sork018="" notional="" agitation,="" past="" association="" communiste,rand="" apparent="" parker,="" certainly="" places="" both="" tneividuals="" category="" is,="" least,="" highly="" question,ib="" further="" inquiry="" recently="" divorced="" viiyord="" voy="" reportedly="" returned="" hamer,="" fcernimg="" esth="" er="" m="" celemski="" revealed="" she="" lim**="" area.="" gsi="" comment*="" .liaison="" been="" effected="" another="" govern-="" ment="" agency="" ninelchik="" area="" effort="" determine="" present="" whereabouts="" subject.="" 5,="" defender,="" nova="" publication,="" reappeared="" fairbanks="" first="" publication="" dated="" may="" previous="" editione="" nevapaperappeared="" early="" 1955,="" discontinued="" after="" publics-="" tics="" two="" editions="" due="" refusal="" localaptipting="" firm="" print="" subsequent="" copies.="" leong="" editorials="" aladkan="" defender="" several="" articles="" condensed="" 'militant,"="" socialist="" workers="" forty,="" cited="" ap="" u.="" ogneral="" subversive.="" one="" speech="" made="" wo="" du10013="" rally="" held="" carnegie="" nall="" new="" uric="" 29="" ;larch="" watch="" relates,="" referring="" montgomery,="" alabama="" bus="" protedt,="" 'led="" clear="" thinking,="" (the="" negros)="" have="" dis-="" log="" covered="" race="" problem="" bottom="" economic="" problem.="" ommittiaay="" discovered="" earl="" hark."="" .to="" marl="" marx,="" wore="" probably="" karl="" co-author="" communist="" manifesto)="" below="" under="" ception="" *it's="" time="" thine="" written="" sues?="" griffin,="" candidate="" ,r4="" yee="" fairbanks,="" alaska,="" house="" representatives,="" a.="" :4="" node,="" there="" seems="" little="" attention="" paid="" espias="" founders="" nation,="" constitution,="" ma="" declaration="" innepandence,="" negro="" people="" citizens="" these'="" states.�="" reference="" constitution="" states)="" ',although="" ranks="" ovary="" other="" 'mitten="" excellence="" +scheme,="" simplicity,="" precision="" iti="" judicious="" mixture="" definiteness="" become="" neglected="" constitution."="" .4="" r="" plri="" iwyr"="" embut="" we="" can="" destroy-rd="" when="" loss="" faith="" hope="" life="" itself="" like="" story="" told="" mad="" man,="" mast="" moan="" members="" supporters="" citisons="" council="" south="" marking="" tins,="" making="" excuses="" accepting="" conditions="" that'="" exist="" south.="" %ail="" few="" brave="" man="" turned="" what="" seemed="" tragedy="" into="" oppor-="" tunity="" having="" courage="" enough="" challenge="" jim="" crow="" laws.**="" cc="" portion="" editoriai="" unoer="" "the="" longest="" picket="" line="" world",="" also="" ray="" defender:="" 'every="" local,="" every="" worker="" office,="" factory="" work-="" mo,="" must="" make="" personal="" obligation="" take="" action="" now!="" passing="" buck!="" collect="" i%="" pond="" \it="" montgomery="" improvement="" association,="" care="" thetkev="" m.="" l.="" king,="" dexter="" ave.="" baptist="" church,="" montgcnery,="" alabegi.'="" statement="" issued="" farrelltdobbs="" presidential="" party,="" refers="" 50,000="" begros="" struggle="" against="" buses="" city."="" *'actually="" goes="" deeper="" end="" wider="" than="" that.="" wave="" hatred="" being="" fanned="" citisens="" generally="" known="" directed="" any="" dare="" solidarise="" negroes.="" murderous="" rabidly="" anti-6enitio.and="" anti-labor.="" their="" aim="" preserve="" system="" color="" segregation="" siscrinination="" !dewitt="�" upon="" rests="" open="" shop="" structure="" 'right="" work!="" south!.="" tete="" issue="" relating="" protested="" padlocking="" violation="" freedom="" press.="" "auto="" home="" pny-="" declines'="" refleots="" 'demand="" hour="" week="" 40="" hours="" pay'="" saw,="" afl-cio.="" �imploynent="" offs="" productivity="" increasing',="" auetes="" john="" cresident="" international="" onion="" nina,="" mill="" smelter="" workers,="" stating="" "intends="" something'="" about="" declining="" employment="" metals="" industry.="" set="" fortb="" "platform.="" donald="" bolton,="" senate,="" burst="" mier="" bollintdr,="" hilo="" kaponno,="" candidates="" mouse="" representatives.="" issues="" �platters.="" �stop="" goveremesta="" thought-control="" pushing="" _geffraffmt__="" -3="" domn="" road="" dictatorship",="" �eliminate="" government's="" blacklist="" placed="" 18="" million="" americans,="" through="" 70="" agencies,="" security="" salina="" lists.,="" restore="" all'.="" editorial="" staff="" don="" nolson="" rnest="" nike="" colunter,="" carter="" page="" emil="" myrumem.="" nailing="" address="" newspaper="" p.="" 0.="" box="" 1915,="" alaska.="" comment'="" although="" evioence="" news-="" --ipap7-11-iisociated="" trout="" organisations,="" interesting="" note="" many="" articles,="" paper="" publications="" officials="" organisa-="" tions="" 8.="" general="" either="" subversive="" infiltrated="" controlled.="" farther="" collinter�="" editor="" newspaper,="" roe="" batiste,="" owner="" fair-="" banks="" recreation="" cafe,="" advertiser="" edition="" command="" surveillance="" list.="" ehrtioi="" claimed="" to.="" protect="" thkrollowt="" classification�="" firotoitiationji'om,a="" pertaining="" relationship-�="" ormation="" would="" could="" .ide�tif="" oi*cp="" af(*thati94="" source.="" nfotillatiofi,pertaji49ty,to="" intellig�="" location="" cia="" overseas="" installation="" unacknowledged="" domestic="" (="" )="" name="" employee="" file="" number="" pseudonym="" cryptonym="" internal="" organizational="" data="" fbi="" agent="" privacy="" does="" pertain="" request="" (b)(3)="" (j)(1)="" (e)="" (b)(2)="" (i)(1)(b)="" (0(3)="" (j),(1)(b)"="" (j)(1)(0="" (j="" ),(1)(e)="" (b)(7)="" ():(1)="" (b,)="" (b)(6)="" (i)(1)(f)="" n="" �"exempted="" government="" (b)(1)="" *('="" other,="" specify:="" relevant="" requester"="" *for="" guidance="" regarding="" exemptions,="" please="" see="" dda-75-5943,="" 16="" december="" 1975="" (privacy="" act)="" hn-70-21,="" 14="" february="" (foia).="" 4iechi.,4="" aelea,.('7="" r4="" a4="" comments="" special="" instructions:="" 7102.e44-temr,4="" )(="" acevia44,61-="" 7020aiviz="" g---="" no.="" gnature="" reviewing="" officer="" &="" office="" unclassified="" confidential="" (to="" completed="" iss="" picg)="" e="" 2="" impdet="" cl="" by:="" secret="" r.cg="" 3966="" (20)="" m1vaq="" mmee!="" trs="" director="" date:="" f="" 77-322="" ek:ct="" states="" department="" justice="" federal="" bureau="" investigation="" washington.="" d.c.="" 20535="" 104,="" 1977="" .by="" courier="" act="" coordinator="" central="" intelligence="" washington,="" attention:="" gene="" f.="" wilson="" room="" 2e="" 42="" from:="" clarence="" kelley,="" subject:="" (foia)="" mr.="" harold="" weisberg="" concerning="" committee="" investigate="" assassinations="" 7y041="" 75--="" -99'27="" 476.5="" "kr-="" 6647="" bdo="" 21.1-611="" enclosed="" copy="" correspondence="" captioned="" copies="" each="" originated="" agency.="" examine="" these="" documents="" if="" classified="" classification="" maintained.="" :if="" continued="" warranted="" unclassified.="" and'otherwise="" releasable,="" indicate="" 4mis'="" withheld="" mia="" cite="" applicable="" exemptions.="" enclosed.="" -to="" alin_ltmplawitlstianditicrl="" received="" 14-heed..194oicpx.s....deletims.="" direct).="" .;0,="" disposition="" ,,,="" :tly="" eby="" you="" ',,'requesterr="" response-="" requester="" ;461:11-'0at,exparl..-i4co="" such="" procedure="" iki6edi="" ,........="" ....,="" accounting="" released="" referral="" .requested="" -you="" 4i:toile.="" patay="" .to,="" lthatt="" -florcock="" foia-branch,="" telephone="" 324-5550.="" enclosures="" (9)="" 7�e9�c.:matp14="" tiumes="" ilcic�="" 1'211="" james="" h.="" l.:sar="" law="" 1231="" fourth="" street.="" s.="" 20024="" (202)="" 464.6023.="" december.="" 23.,="" ����="" request,="" tyler,="" jr.="" deputy="" �u.="" 20530="" dear="" tyler:="" behalf="" harold_welzhprai="" requesting="" grant="" him="" access="" following="" records="" assassi-="" nation="" dr.="" martin="" luther="" king,.="" jr.:="" 1.="" receipts="" letters,="" cables,="" documents,="" reports,="" memorandums,="" communications="" form="" whatsoever.="" 2.="" .any="" items="" physical="" evidence.="" 11="" reports="" memorandums="" results="" tests="" performed="" evidence,="" including="" comparisons="" normally="" crime.="" 4.="" fingerprints="" found="" scene="" crime="" this,="" moant="" include,="" 'iar="" etan1171,="" ate="" allegedlyit="" ..n="" whi.te="" mustang="" .abaiidoned="" atlanta,="" roomallegedly="" used="" r.ene'by="" registration="" .card.="" :1*1ild.="" include="" s="" considered="" th�ssassinati�n="" .5.="" taxicab="" manifest="" 'mcraw="" cabworked.="" leillphis="" cab="" driver="" companyr="" �fords="" communicatiolis.="" division="" thereof="" g.="" beasley="" clay="" blair="" :.david-caicutt="" phil="" canale="" carlisle="" robert="" k.="" dwyer="" gov.="" buford="" ellington="" michael="" eugene="" percy="" foreman="" gerold="" frank="" roger="" frisby="" arthur="" hanes,="" sr.="" henry.="" haile="" william="" j.="" haynes,="" hill,="" bradford="" huie="" george="" mcmillan="" morris="" jeremiah="" o'leary="" david="" pack="" lloyd="" rhodes="" .7,="" stoner="" hugh="" itoncr,="" stoener"...51-="" -*���="" sfast-tolp,="" ��:�.="" taming="" guilty="" plea="" exchanged="" between="" and:="" ehor,,friemqranduitis',="" letter,="" ,ca="" dist-tic="" 'shelby="" 'county,="" \tennessee,="" aoffita="" �'10,="" -j111,.notes.or="" toany="" telephonic-;�="" verbal="" :communications="" district="" -general.="" shelby-county,.tennessee.,:or-="" attotney.igete'ral[of.="" tennessee="" department-of="" thereof.="" 11.="" tape="" recordings="" logs,="" transcripts,="" notes,-="" record="" reflecting="" kind="" whatsoever="" persons:="" judge="" preston="" battle="" wayne="" chastain="" bernard="" fensterwald="" arthur.="" renfro="" hays="" hill;="" lesar="" i.="" livingston="" �jutlge="" mcrae="" albert="" pepper="" carol="" -james="" tail="" jerry="" p#y.="" 4tialn="" ray,="" richard="" ryan="" '..6111p1m?nerg="" mail="" ion="" telepho.ic,="" electron="" ,conversations="" third.="" ecordings="" notes,="" writtenor:any="" i0coittot="" invp="" ctia)="" person="" associated="" a!,74:th="" me�.to="" shadowing="" h="" vex-="" ill="" interception,="" interception="" telephonic,="" third="" mechanical="" means,="" well="" conversations="" wlth="" persons="" informants.="" %all="" alleged.="" contemplated="" witness,="" statements,="" cr="" m'emorin-'="" 'dums'from="" source="" whatsoever:="" -*="" �.="" 14.="" persons,="" regardless="" origin="" however="" obtained:="" hill="" buie="" 15.="" othek="" communisation="" proposed="" ray.="" 16.="" from,="" contact="" ,by,="" member="" representative="" news="" media="" assassination="" ring,="" since="" orli="" 151="" 1975.="" az,.="�" -7rp="" memoranda,correspondence="" .or="" investigative="" re-="" tuting="" re-investigation="" attempted="" tion="" king="" undertaken="" 1969="" hereafter,="" arid="" 'documents="" setting="" forth="" reasons="" sfor="" re-investigation.="" ccords="" rebel="" motel="" cc:r4sper="" ooryv="" aaaaa="" na="" ray's="" eyesight.="" a#y,writer;or="" hews-xe="" ail-able="" .mr.="" weisberg.="" d,="" 'contents="" 96="" volumes="" of-ev.="" king.="" st="" all.11videuee'ootiveyed="" to-pr:fro.the="" x'131-1="" legal="" authority,="" whether="" state,="" federal.="" 13-00000,="" 23.="" correspondence,="" justiae="" expedite="" transcript="" evidentiary="" hearing="" october,="" 1974,="" petition="" writ="" habeas="" corpus.="" 24.="" con-="" tained="" recording="" delivered="" available="" shelby="" county="" anyone="" whomsoever.="" engaged="" respect="" in-="" vestigation="" contained="" foregoing,="" 25.="" contact,="" direct="" indirect,="" fbi,="" police="" enforcement="" officials,="" infor-="" mants,="" memphis="" group="" young="" black="" radicals="" invaders.="" 26.="" invaders="" associate="" organization.="" meant="" covers,="" intergelation,="" electronic,="" as'="" ons="" nvo1,v="" bt-="" garbage="" strike="" ...="" pioyees="" ,or="" said="" unions.="" use-="" ords.="" .c�aining="" einformation="" exculpates="" james---'="" 1r*7="" crime,="" he="" allegedly="" amended="" public="" taw="" 9="" 3-="" 502="" :it-1-3)="" *ai.i..="" ito="" :1!="" un="" rit'...`syates="" 8010.406="" il-mora="" ndum="" acting="" rkireetor.="" fbi.="" 3.1="" 72="" lxgalattadic,bmin="" (105-7501-1779="" (ruc'="" ittrzard="" fensterwald,="" is-eg="" (03:wfo)="" 's="" ���="" .."���="" ,:t="" item(s)="" subject="" 300.="" details="" reporting="" wocedures="" bon-6="" attached="" enclosure(s)="" translated="" �in="" summary="" ej="" verbatim="" translation="" sent="" interested="" field="" division.="" fnom="" eritard="" offices="" ohlhausen="" 905="" 16th="" street,="" n.w.="" 20006="" remarks:="" dr="" juliusxmader="" mauprstrasse_fia_="" 126.6="" p9r11a="" letter="" julius="" mader="" (bufile="" 100-169674),="" mauerstrasse'69,="" east="" berlin,="" soliciting="" latter="" buy="" mader's="" book,="" "yellow="" list:="" where="" cia?"="" furnishing="" order="" blank="" purpose.="" encloses="" blank,="" indicating="" wants="" ccpy="" english="" ursonal="" check="" amount="" $2="" shows="" designationcpcommittee="" assassination."="" itictosure="" ::="" .:uroau="" (enc.="" 1)="" %-="" nicx:="" foreign="" liaison="" desk="" bonn="" 135-7501-1779="" 6e.61i1="" l0,3-4658="" sl.c.="" jmt.4="" 1`.="" (5)="" "*".="" 7="" 145="" dec="" 15="" 1972="" ������������.�="" r�="" o�-="" �-�i="" ft...="" .......="" bon="" 1,05-7501-1779="" bonn's="" indices="" reflected="" "co="ittee" assassinations,="" inc.,"="" 927="" 15th="" st.,="" n.w.,="" d.c.,="" came="" .in="" connection="" borr.-.'s="" destroyed="" "committee="" 'the="" in�estigc.tion="" three="" assassinations':="" concorning="" miscellaneous="" (fpc)"="" 163-26234).="" bonn�="" negative="" -2-="" 1:(���="" ,rev.="" -7c-011f-113-en-t-fal---="" communication="" german="" n.l.h.ess.="" obtained="" 300,="" closer:be,:="" prepared="" dissemination="" "another="" �men;="" conduas="" investigations.="" originating="" bears="" 71\="" areing="" notice="" sensitive="" sources="" methods="" involved."="" perntission="" disseminate="" jut="" :;at="" agencies="" provided="" appropriately="" paraphrased="" manner="" will="" fully="" naturo="" quotation="" material="" .of="" ;:emplete.="" exact,="" addresses="" out,="" tend="" nature="" avoided="" preparing="" coin-="" munications="" dissemination.="" permission="" withhold="" "warning="" involved'="" containing="" properly="" versions="" 300="" information.="" governraent="" az.ency.="" �-\="" 7%7,-="" ..-��="" ;%����t="" ....�="" �t="" indefinite="" eliclosure="" '?="" �twaanng="" notice,sensitne="" sow:ces="" anp="" memods="" ,ned="" i-uuuuu="" identification="" includes="" 4.4...t="" et="" lb="" .:="" l.,="" block="" a'100--t.fmr!="" ia-..!qi="" .........="" �-..="" ,....,�="" ....7...="" :7....ime="" �rii="" sep.="" .,="" s..="" -1p="" 41-7.-zt---="" __.="" .:..="" ir�r~�,������="�����" _ct="" .1="" 7...="" a.-....--_,�...,="" mom="" hq-10113-13="" van="" --1="" american="" political="" assassinations:="" bibliography="" works="" published="" ;��="" ��:="" r.%�����="" e:="" .7%="" -�="" related="" -.�="" �����="" ii��="" �jr"::.,.="" .�7="" 1.-17it'l?i,="" 'john::="" f.:="" kennedy="" ��-�*--"-',----:-f"---i�74:;'-1:'�������::::::4";':="11,:" �.:="" �"--="" vit.="" ".="" 'luther="" �..="" 7.�dr.':�����="" "��������="" t�����="" 71:4,:::�c'="" ..7���="" 17="" compiled="" committee.="" o.="" *.="" 1973="" -i="" .011.="" 3-00000="" jwp.="" icenked'i="" mum="" ni="" bourgeois="" democracyl="" right="" deny="" sights."="" current="" dinst="" sov-="" iet="" press,="" january="" 1964.="" tabut="" novenber'1963,="" pp.="" 11414182.="" aseassinatiou.="" nevsweek="" august="" 1968.="" 3043.="" !red;="" second="" instal="" death="" president."="" nal,="" 27="" 1967.="" d="" j="" tammy.="" "some="" functions="" religious="" ritual="" catastrophe*="" asewi="" tl="" psain::ie="" n."="" sociological="" analysis,="" 25(1964).="" 212430.="" oaths.="" "that="" day="" nesbit:8ton."="" philippines="" herald="" mseatins,="" 23="" 1964,="" 2345.="" "wage="" night="" fell="" 11.s."="" nereid="" niutattne,="" 1963,="" lo.="" 12.="" "johnson="" takes="" over."="" saturday="" evening="" pest,="" 1743.="" long="" vigil."="" lt="" cutde="" 21="" 19-22.="" len="" rain="" flowers.="" newsweek,="" 1963,4p.="" 36-37.="" november="" 22="" essitzw7rwvect,="" 25�21.="" ry="" asesseination."="" reconetroctionist,="" brother.="" "death="" hots="" pounceds="" excerpt="" timm="" jeopardy."="" dominicans,="" septenber="" 1965,="" 9-12.-="" after."="" christian="" century,="" 80(1963).="" 14876="" "reflections="" us.="" ttagedie."="" relations.="" 27.="" stephen="" plychonnelytie="" reelev.="" $3,="" es.="" 3(1966)4="" presideet,="" passaic.="" n.j.,="" minority="" one.="" mien="" gives="" iapetus="" dodd's="" ego="" bill."="" sdvertisios="" as.="" 1963.="" 1.2.="" !ion="" president,="" reprinted="" hee="" tett="" siren="" intro.="" anthony="" lettlib.="" pew="" york,="" mination="" president="" monody."="" meese="" soviet="" decesber="" 5-15.="" kennedy."="" ent="" europe,="" 1964,4p.="" 2546.="" ination="" prestdent="" maned,.="" (n.p4="" lool,="" ("memorial="" edition")="" 41nations="" crime.'="" nevsveet,="" dec:tabor="" 1967,="" 319-32.="" mint:tient="" reporter's="" stern="" seen="" read:="" television,="" newspapers,="" ni:wines="" jourealimes="" roles="" unresolved="" issues."="" colltehis="" joirnalise="" review,="" winter="" aloes="" trial="" verdict;="" c.r.="" ford."="" mita="" october="" 460408.="" iep."="" tire.="" 18.="" ;event:p.="" oeveveet,="" 6="" 19-20.="" 14s.="" "president="" johnson="" mordkorminion."="" frit="" dimmark="" 23,="" 2(1964-63),="" 4-6.="" secrecy="" probe."="" world="" boon,="" .24="" fob-="" rusty="" 52+.="" dallas:="" theories="" thomson="" connally."="" time.="" 24="" none="" ter="" 1967e="" $4.4'.="" td="" remedy="" pile."="" rile="" cement="" lila',="" tallfilintar="" 3944.="" 11.5.="" "aseessla."="" saturdmv="" pon,="" 22-27.="" the�anassination="" preei?.!et="" yenned,:="" study="" press="" c0,011110.="" mn="" arlon="" univeroityof="" michigan="" dept.="" jenne="" ism.="" 196$.="" franc.="" "ova="" atentata..="" 312onsk,="" le..="" tennedy="" tam,="" autumn="" 90-93.="" orris="" con="" vegyessive="" riehtt="" reeontruction="" rennedv="" assessinitioo="" makes="" nose.="" waohinstont="" columbia="" pub.="" co.,="" 'cart="" says="" aseassinatiou="" book="" widen="" kannedy-lbj="" rift."="" tale="" revs,="" .15="" 1966t="" pp,="" 1.3,,="" anna.="" elnagvilkoadagtol="" budepeett="" kossuth="" 1:wielded�,="" lcuth="" ary="" soil-7-'666si="" nhoerver.="" 1971.="" 13-43.="" howell="" camera="" liii.="" nov="" national="" archives."="" ..jsm="" wogien*="" v.="" .rmore="" ligtt="" (book="" review="" die="" wahrheit="" tber="" 19en="" kenner',="" -mord:="" rfe="" warm="" der="" raryer.renorg="" bit,="" joachim="" joestam)."="" neu="" tiros,="" 26="" 1966,="" 20-32.="" luc.="" -pun="" ou="" yennedv="" fut="" saieenip4.="" parfet="" du="" cerfaut�="" a.1l="" *aetna="" dallam."="" pear="" rosalie="" 'hi="" 34.="" bishop,="" jis.="" nits="" shot.="" toiki="" lash="" 1140allo,="" 1168..="" "bloch="" friday,="" five="" years="" inner.="" newoweek,="" 1968,="" 2243.="" "waal="" !frith.="" noun="" atm="" nato's="" 411th="" mulvaney="" service="" dedicated="" mi="" 111114="" directors="" place="" wreath="" tesb="" petional="" jewish="" mbetblv,="" jenny="" 2446.="" bonn,="" judy="" whitson.="" inestfeaties="" nomicidetjhe="" &meg="" reemede,="" mar*="" son="" s.c.s="" drokallomes="" 1969.="" booker.="" binno:.="" "noma%="" burpassidabtalten="" lintels."="" ikee.="" ftbryert="" 2948,="" 30,="" 32-34.="" boonstre,="" jan.="" feisisconen="" dallas,="" de="" need="" ov="" jahoj.="" reeneder="" 1911-1943.="" verentgde="" amerika.="" lastardenu="" sib.="" 'wheat="" se-docunentatie="" achool,="" 1966.="" boner,="" ballowell.="" "ilts="" perils="" hasty="" dietary."="" revelw.="" 31="" bread,="" serie.="" 1,4="" 41="" lotus!="" cigar="" crestless,="" "iran,="" frenclace.="" pitatajoldfannedy,..ol="" nirtitdole="" elpoinesslincermo="" wenn,="" brads,="" "assessinetin="" people."="" ave="" maris,="" deneher="" ����-�-���="" kennedy's="" deaths="" nhy"p"irr7livria="" 1o6,="" 9.="" tantgency="" ones="" parkland="" memorial="" hospital."="" teeming="" int,="" deesaber="" 30-31.="" brienberg,="" mordecai.="" riddle="" dalin."="" spectator,="" 212(1964),="" 103-106.="" bringeler,="" carlos,="" pad="" friday.="" chicagot="" hallberg="" co.="" e.d.="" brodie.="" israel.="" tribute="" tue="" late="" pitattereld="" rennedv...at="" mcittle="" arch="" synagogue.="" londoo...1963.="" london:="" rabbi,="" duchene,="" moms="" "fran="" porocilo="" worm="" wiese."="" 2749="" 16-58.="" bodine,="" budisir.="" "21ocinit="" takes's."="" onevnit,="" 22(1963),="" 6124.="" bugialli,="" paolo,="" al.="" chi="" ucelso="" renneiv.="" trapani="" editece,="" "business="" pledges="" support."="" _,businessweek="" butler,="" ed.="" croat="" anaemia="" vasim-,"---ili*="" westwood="" tillage="" sauna,="" 1,="" 2(1968).="" 21-4111="" 2,="" 1(1969),="" 26.27,="" 37�4="" comma,="" "rumens="" sans."="" commonweal,="" 338439.="" caplan,="" cegil,d1m1="" vivian="" caddsa.="" "lessees="" bravery."="" &seiko="" 81:ps="" u="" wwd4t="" 1868,="" pp*="" caney,="" frederick="" "crisis="" conscience="" daises="" boul�emearchlas="" vs.="" 'new="" dallas.'="" thought="" funeral="" toe="" driver."="" christianity="" aid="" crisis,="" 235-241.="" can,="" veggoner.="" tens="" supplemental="" oh.="" serious="" wounifina="" governor="" connally.="" noveeber-i2.="" 1963.austia,="" tema.="" 91="" castro,="" fidel.="" corparecenele="" del="" comendante="" fidel="" castro="" ante="" pueblo="" 4ft="" cuba="" sabre="" los="" su="" relaciooados="" conel="" neatest�="" presidente="" renneity.="" myna:="" coniston="" orients:ciao="" revolutionaries="" direclin="" nacional="" pursc="" child's="" eyes:="" noveuber="" 22.="" 1963="" (motion="" picture).="" croup="" production="" (role:mid="" paths="" contemporary="" illem),="" "a="" chronology="" tragedy."="" tide.="" 28="" 7-9.="" clara,="" john.="" "november="" 22,="" 1963.'="" "of="" eourags."="" clifford,="" "warren="" report:="" anew="" boost="" nenorabilis="" industry."="" liselsatel="" !sestina.="" cole.="" alwyn.="" "assassin="" forger."="" poreal="" forensic="" sciences,="" july="" 272418.="" "compentme="" curious="" coincidences:="" parallels="" "mu="" ned="" lincoln="" j.f.="" mas,="" 1944.="" 19.="" foot="" dort="" dir.="" 'ale.="" nollemoodt="" asseetated="" professional="" services,="" condos,="" "manchuria:="" dallas."="" ka="" 211="" 449431.="" connally,="" "my="" monody="" went="" dann.="" 116a41611.="" mrs.="" "since="" dallas.="" 78-711e.="" cook,="" fred="" "assassination="" levestigation.="" tha="" irregulars="" 211ta="" field."="" alla.="" -19="" 1971,="" cooke,="" alistair.="" "after="" president's="" listener,="" 907408.="" "meth="" touns="" worrier."="" 863-864.="" "nan="" large:="" eridence="" anassination="" rennedy."="" cheater="" cuardiss.="" september="" cottrell,="" ansesinations="" stood="" still.="" tendons="" nee="" librery,1964.="" cowin.="" noreen.="" "'the="" lesacy="" ol="" kennedy.'="" si-19="" t?�="" #�'...="" -'="" 1-a�="" .-:4="" .-="" ''''..�'`.!..sw,.�..-3,.k...:="" .,;;;r1="" i....4-4.:..1.,="" .4.....:'="" ::.--="" *no="" i..="" '''="" ';'6#="" 'it="" .'="" l'i:di*���="" :.="" �?..'="" ;;?.="" ,c4="" a�="" ,z;="" :,.:="" ;4....="" ..,="" .�������:-.4.������="" mes="" we'�ihe="" raigeels="" uteraturat="" tlibtimiteellicel="" nesse="" "liebe="" keened,.="" ifird="" teets="" york="" valvereity="" 1960.="" 610="" jpits="" titles="" fats."="" 7h1litetneejlera14="" neely,="" march="" 42.="" 44,="" 47,="" 72.="" ass.="" iselapitiattem="" is.="" dallast="" americo'="" poster="" andnrinting="" 1961.="" ',="" 114811="" 14s="" ed."="" memoriam="" tensity,.="" au="" **ben="" sine.="" "remiss="" steatimumpas.'lutichi="" ronethef-verlag,="" casualty."="" ,iloweweek="" pewter,="" 31424="" mjoisder."="" lari.e.-2-5-1.1ey="" 519.="" avielted."="" 1116-21="" 1969,="" 18-11.="" �.�="" :,'="" detektivbiateria."="" trare.="" 919.="" tratedle."="" sever="" starlet="" tileedssilei="" meanie,="" 2730215.="" .milhou="" beard="" om="" news.'�="" republic.="" 7.e.="" "assessing="" blame="" president'a="" tweets="" addresses,".="" liens="" aml="" vorld="" renort,="" v.-.j.="" revise="" deed="" prenk6="" commentary,="" 16.92,="" r.-fronk.="" discus...vs,="" 11+.="" died;="" excerpt"="" do'.="" kenneth="" shot="" jin="" bishop."="" 16.031.225.j.weile="" soveaber="" 151-157.="" edy="" died.="" neweweek="" 2046.="" saa.ieitibigaat.="" joinery="" 2964,="" 1444.="" seders."="" sy:etator.="" 681.="" preeideat.="" jerneaves1="" decseber="" 291.301.="" wren="" weer="" natty,="" !�="" presidents="" established="" pacts."="" atlantie,="" 112411.="" 2old="" testimony,="" becerpte."="" v.s.="" nene="" world.="" report,.="" 66-70:="" reneedys="" statements="" sir="" lebert="" itemise="" sad="" garfield="" sarvick="" 23rd="" november."="" cionvot="" notes="" tnrernatimmal="" affairs="" noimeimr:4963,="" 311�31.="" presidant-7-111.einti="" neveio="" novambir="" pd.="" 589-899.="" 'wha="" ulled="" johm="" kezeiiir="" consents="" critics="" defenders="" of4ha="" verret="" report."="" seelee.sebeilmetts,="" 21-22+.="" dm*"1!7ireilmillens="" eme="" stertin="" .dellast="" author,="" iteetlel="" dencacorporation,="" 1964="" afterneth."="" pmeriemn="" opinion,="" 140.="" m.o.="" look="" we's="" paves*,="" lebreery="" 42.46.="" "why="" shot?"="" atlas,="" hey="" 1961,="" 10-13.="" "ccemectare="" teavitness.="" wew="" re="" dilie.="" wbrimn.="" tee="" aware="" inure="" paris,="" diens="" yrnace4mpire,="" "sul="" texas.="" alneeet,="" 14(1964).="" 26-27.="" reanedy="" film="" disclosed="" wampum="" seminar."="" 'fibs="" counsel,="" pallfwititer="" 33.34,="" me:="" shack,="" recovery."="" pueitiees="" v.511,="" 9243..="" talk."="" ,aetioch="" 1563-64,="" 403.404.="" "winter="" 1163:="" atlas="" quiet="" voices."="" america,="" 787.="" seainnles."="" newimeek,="" "cp.="" "mealiest.*="" 25="" 1963."="" rave="" 1440.="" "at="" m*norial="" seem."="" neveweek,="" iii,ziter="" 4940.="" oduerd="" ."der="" tod="" rem="" bet="" bild="" 313,="" eine="" neve="" veterauchlins="" des="" zoneedrilordes."="" mattel.="" 10,="" 29(1966),="" 63-67.="" "'final="" chapter="" controversy."="" timms="" plasselee,="" 3041.="" :hat="" window."="" liewsweek.="" june.1964.="" 32.="" hours.="" mithout="" a-presidents="" excerpts="" free="" testimeiles."="" 0.8.="" verlit="" 1.1emg,a="" 66-78.="" creasy="" %jell.="" san="" francisco="" ulewild="" resold.="" fifty="" -nne="" 1965.="" evidence="" connected="" inveatiestion="" iteeident="" mut="" p,="" rermedv.="" �n.p="" 1961-64.="" evka-nce="" investiftettam="" prosideot="" r.nnedv.="" vols.="" reels="" microfilm.="" (washingtoe)nicrocard="" editions.="" lliam="" p.,="" ad.="" cod.="" york:="" mccreu..nill,="" podati.="" same="" coale.="" sterner="" style:"="" boehm.*="" week,="" novesber="" 31-32.="" pa."="" televieten.="" 27-31.="" mistncleal="" spcnrd="" reviled="" yorks="" ����������="" um."="" ;etc:::="" 06116.="" 94.="" "ay="" did="" thinies.="" miklos.="" dirge.p="" est.="" 960i="" mkt="" orem'="" ese="" 1167="" came,="" barbara.="" colleen="" "who="" ratesedyr="" leterday="" sight.="" 1164,="" 13-14.="" cershensen,="" alvin.="" jemedy="" eljohmtgees.="" (1.p;="" company="" 0.4)="" cilliatt,="" penelope.="" current-cinsea:'="" torkee,="" jima="" 1164="" 95.="" clime,="" "facts="" morello."="" cowmen.="" 337�338.="" olikes.="" uri'="" a.,="" poetrtip="" oiler!="" "veep="" occasioned="" iniii.sidener="" sed="" tleatk="" remedy,="" yorke="" basic="" looks,="" 1064.="" 1100="" 141t.="" awl.="" mysteries="" asseseleatlee="" !wish="" pram."="" ,quartarltleiviett,="" cordes,="" bruce.="" one_mate="" litetirispet="" 04="" reseed"="" aseassimatioa,="" fullettee.="" california,="" 1148.="" series,="" villien="" r.="" "ike="" assemimatitutef="" !violent="" remeade."="" contenmetre="" 1132ate,="" amu!="" 14.13.="" gotta,="" prits.="" "ned="" jobs?.="" ionnedys="" ted."="" ide="" drat,="" 143.143.="" governess&="" still="" lives."="" me="" 1161="" 21-12.="" graham,="" "doctors="" dy="" 3-rays,"="" nw.="" iipme,="" jimmy="" 1972.="" oreembers.="" uantssirtaler="" 9.y.="" 211;::::zia0313121a.sto="" xameady="" ameaasiaatioe."="" osimitet="" olmmeser,="" melvi="" bell.="" "ibe="" last="" pull="" llessure."="" petiole,.="" smeritreekic.="" 1064,="" 307-353.="" oue.="" merin="" loess="" prom="" ti!...="" landow="" 'maria="" muller,="" ltd.,="" curio,="" otterino.="" perth.="" kenn="" lemet="" ?reel.="" 11611.="" babe,="" bane.="" "die="" rcefendender="" nerd="" umeeklimt."="" pelteedbm,="" woustded="" tomb="" janney="" them%="" lividsd="" *series,="" terki="" cerest*ntreen.="" 3::::64),="" 1614.="" samson,="" pm="" shoottal="" ri="" jot,="" remeeds,="" astemia,="" teams="" baylor="" company,="" nerds,="" i.o.="" "memo="" dallas="" cities."="" joie="" aufmet="" 644e="" bart,="" preeldeetitannedy."="" u7iiiblea="" 'a="" tear="" proves"="" sorry="" close."="" columbia,="" 16.-="" "batted="" kneue="" logic."="" beeurdey="" tventse="" post,="" 80.="" "rave="" vi="" leaned="" our="" lessons,"="" 80(19634="" 1567-136s.="" ileve="" nis="" if..="" nashville,="" tenn.'="" 'nashville="" tommemmeen.1165.="" neal.="" karoly.="" ballast="" ttelethirdetes="" vein."="" missi.="" pas="" undersea.="" bruce,="" jaz="" torts="" cowles,="" 1166.="" &wither.="" w.v.="" "thousand="" wisher"="" emu="" assassin,"="" weld="" report.="" 34-35.="" reseal,="" "to="" heal="" ummide."="" canter",="" 61(1964).="" ,.="" nintergemnde="" remedy-.="" horde."="" das="" "vire="" deptschla3g.="" 1963..="" seleeeepie="" jury."="" newsesek.="" 25-27.="" belem,="" v.a.="" oise="" thing="" worse="" chma="" dist="" samoa="" wartlike's'="" methodist="" audi.="" nevelber="" 24,="" cestely.="" (19634="" 1355-1356.="" nomeaskjee="" fries,.="" tribeta="" ire="" halted="" -*octane...for="" jabal.="" remedy.="" ?ark'="" stamm="" melted="" nations,="" beremita,="" irving="" utemeady's="" deatlivilpthe,="" smalltime."="" trans="" -actiott.="" 1168,="" bouts.="" marshall.="" *president="" atom="" botched."="" radical="" reem9mtss,="" muth="" 149.="" .66...4="" duth="" deliehtst="" adventures="" comrupeellistiepee.="" .mem140161="" comard-wecene.="" "bei.jfk="" newewsak="" lo="" p.n..="" howard,="" antheni..-111melifies="" fumeral."="" regniri,="" 19611,="" 139-132.="" nome,="" timing.="" "on="" kenneiy."="" steed,="" vert;="" leave="" te="" toll.="" ties="" democratic="" radicalism..="" nor="" raircoert.="" brace="" florid,="" noshes.="" [meet="" "an="" echo="" silence."="" 1163,="" 'liven="" myriads="" norm="" snorter,"="" denmark.="" 2111,33:64),="" 3-5.="" "ilysosta="" port="" revisited."="" leek="" 1964i="" tim="" mx="" tissue),="" 37-45.="" *hypothetical="" caset="" lettativr-hational="" reveiw.="" 1641.="" i.._="" sismair:.1&="" v...="" .-..="" ?="" :p:'="" pine="" were.="" "omission!="" pollees="" iheet="" preeldees="" 1wposion1="" ismattisatiame="" wag="" opmmusi="" plientegiusid="" simudire="" apeptratet="" lemlettlkies,="" opprishes114,1,="" imp.="" 11jc="" 066.="" 813.="" 44144,="" mem="" ilabiesse.="" �nebo.="" us="" ammeseinatime="" sit="" 464="" hooldspes="" josimalselms1170.�="" fall="" pp.69.111.="" retie!.="" u68,="" tisessbammnedy="" soatiaglageles="" otsego="" ts2="" magelelde..="" iftunk,="" deceabee="" 1063,="" pt;="" 2l.he="" l'itatereld="" renmedr.="" 1917-1961,="" t*ttet="" stated="" avoldol3="" wentlel="" eoevocative="" univeesite="" kontnelty.="" lawinetne.="" kentucky.="" novembee="" :he="" twenty="" ..fifth.="" nineteen="" hundred="" sixty="" three.="" lazinstons="" university="" :antucky.="" 19444="" survived."="" chtistion="" cestury,="" 80="" (1963).="" 15994601.="" 1?s="" vallee.="" francisco:="" itampeets="" magazine="" dal="" ses="" tithe="" axes."="" !skims="" oclshar="" 11014102o.="" weal="" outlook."="" ihminems="" 63-84.="" srchives,="" 2-rays="" photographs="" body="" j11."="" 31.1,="" 33.="" ^="" studs="" vedukoledy.="" moscow,="" rie.="" investigation."="" tines,="" 1042.="" 'lche="" tines="" 29-31.="" 84="" s12.="" "war="" ernordets="" remedy?="" pakten="" phantoms:="" suehe="" rach="" den="" 9wa1tes="" ittrattiter."="" tett,="" 21.="" 46="" (1966),="" 7.="" leans="" vietnam="" war."="" lalinimajos="" 396..="" 197.="" ihn="" neither="" fonatice="" vainthearted.="" tour="" leading="" sorest.="" lent's="" 0i�es,="" speeches="" mot="" give.="" austin.="" texas's="" pemberton="" 'roes,="" 17.j.="" dilation."="" alit,="" 940.="" red?"="" o.j3="" 65.-66.="" lose.r-eizt'll="" 1962,="" 94e.="" iivestigation="" but..."="" newn="" findings.*="" nave="" neon,="" doubt.111="" nevnvenk.="" s.december="" 21-26.="" murder="" myth."="" 5e75="" june="" 440.="" lert="" somers="" doubt."="" pevrweek,="" 2244.="" lek.="" tr5gedj:1"191711poinse="" deeenhef="" necktie.="" bluest="" lie="" !vet="" told.,="" termed,="" fyaud="" row="" helped="" ramose="" rt.="" vas.="" low="" kille"="" antsalli191,store.="" leedom="" peter="" downey,="" ser="" termed?="" -m="" ord="" els="" folitiache="" warlsreit'."="" frankfurt.="" heft..="" leitscheift="" far="" tultur="" und="" polittk,="" 6.="" 'med..="" ksvedier="" semlelmodisendt="" denuart.amerfts="" fondets="" etipeetlist="" tekston.="" copenhagen:="" nyt="" norilsk="" fortes,="" 3965.="" strati="" termed,.="" :orb="" (17="" 1964:="" jp2="" tsetse),="" 3346.="" muss="" commdasion="" probe="" assessioation."="" leneresilional="" tmeterly="" weekly="" detest*:="" 21224123.="" "mysterious="" aftermath="" times.="" fib-="" "povembet="" library="" inured.="" aura="" niceties="" doe="" viernee="" triticost="" *geminate="" doctor="" jorte="" 211geer="" gatti,="" :men="" 19481="" aneoineto="" preoldente="" kennedr.="" novieehre.="" bowe:="" tidtcrial="" liorleoutes.="" uremia="" von.="" mary="" nitstnere.="" london,="" visit="" grare.4-"catholle="" digger,="" 6-11.="" utrey.="" "locking="" anniversary."="" speetetee.="" 776-719.="" "rage="" creator="" grief."="" atientic,="" 08-100.="" ity.="" hci.pitgl."="" science="" 229.="" sseasination="" version."="" coon:mat="" affairs,="" p:vember-decouber="" imassinatiens="" question="" republic,="" 1166,="" seassinationt="" something="" rotten..."="" setnedey="" !retsina="" posts="" doughty="" 88.="" book."="" commonweal.="" 196717.="" 361-362.="" segue="" 1:7n-"atitcusedy="" thank="" 800,000="" friends."="" we,="" 1-32c.="" pnryeken="" jolm="" novenber="" 81="" paint="" privately="" printed.="" dysil="" life."="" rev.m.ek.="" 1943.="" 24-25.="" heath.="" te,c="" controv,76:07="" vaa="" reborn."="" 71.12,="" t111="" mistety."="" sr.ten.eprva="" 210.="" luther.="" ofo="" roxr-fri="" -a.="" geden!rfelor="" jnhnv.="" kenpedy="" anlesel.="" dk.croffmmg.="" fl.rljoeryepty4,17...="" vienne:="" 715�="" unbind.="" andrew,="" albs="" tensedy="" mystetyltopeted."="" ketosis's,="" alp="" 1966*="" wiir="" larelovelm,="" lejes.="" "panationmsas="" vellinesesg.="" thsedolatoh="" mooed,="" crilbeeeislo="" n:ttetetel."="" filiesesse,="" (1964).="" 110-87.="" nelotl,="" tvoulalf,="" al�="" foonedy1="" drams="" dollasm,="" zegrobi="" tsdnolla="" zeia="" assearampli="" kroeger,="" "um="" pour="" days."="" 1664,="" 27..="" krupp,="" g.r.="" "day="" tbe="" meaning="" lespact."="" miedbools,="" marab="" 494="" &moth,="" rudolf.="" %wakes="" jobs="" kausedy."="" prismienstein-humeterberesir="" "labors="" 5mb,,="" johnson."="" business="" 1463.="" fp.="" 46,="" 4$4,="" lane,="" nark.="" ,a="" citison'e="" dips:sett="" mork="" lent="" replies,="" toth:="" hilts="" him:hart.="" dad="" mete="" 21:11.10.="" cries="" fates.="" rio="" jesuits(="" sage.="" men="" doorway."="" pilo="" comment="" pell="" 1967o="" rush="" jt*pent.="" holt,="" iliniihert="" winston,="" .rush="" judgment.="" greenwich,="" canna="" fawcett,="" .s�-���������.="" killed="" kennedy?="" cbs="" wrong."="" true="" ns="" seine,="" "lens="" jint="" unsolved="" murder."="" publishers="" weekly,="" 31111="" langer,="" "kennedy's="" assassination:="" �resulted="" social="" scientists."="" bums,="" 1446-1447.="" op="" days="" navel="" photo="" coster="" 121149.="" archly.,="" iinn,="" 17.="" lattimer,="" "fasters="" igui,="" lamson,="" "au="" lame="" accuses.="" villas="" matssine="" agleam,="" 1345,="" 56-58.="" lovelace.="" "incredible="" hems="" deeenber="" 104.="" lenience,="" (pseud)="" were="" hyde="" park,="" torlts="" weise,="" 22:7s;="" uncertain="" mendlte.="" baltimore:="" simkins="" puss,="" 1944,="" lerner.="" max.="" "lhe="" inpact.="" tendon="" news,="" 66,="" 1707="" ��-�����-���.="" tepect."="" 1......_......._,ewstereeman="" 769.="" leslie,="" varna,="" city="" limit.="" 044-grossman="" 0.44="" "letters="" !ditor.'="" review.="" editor;="" editorial-jewel:mt."="" senior="" scholastic,="" 19646="" levin.="" bernard.="" bell="" tolle="" 24stener,="" 914.="" levy,="" 3711="" remember="" now."="" good="" housekeeping,="" 1961.'="" life.="" 801:edy="" semorfel="" editfons="" life's="" pictures="" nest="" shock.="" tat="" event="" includint="" bioeraphe="" most="" enduring="" words.="" chi.="" cages="" tine.="" inc.,="" life-itek="" analysts.="" lexington.="" mess.:="" corporation,="" *4="" lonely="" summer="" jacqueline."="" jfk="" issue),="" 43.="" love,="" ruth,="" ,,,p."75:;i1v51toe="" kairuly="" societe,="" laskandorf,="" ?elle.="" noeember.="" einatenischer="" %richt.="" (dase13="" desch="" '49="" makel,="" gyorgy.="" -xyilk="" kuliameat="" *witt.="" budapest:="" lemyoltiates1164.="" "man="" 334-44.="" manchester,="" president.="" robembee="" now="" harpers,="" lasts="" january,="" february,="" nardi,="" 'hood="" ten="" keen="" neftislnet="" 1967="" (seven="" terialized="" parts):="" "john="" kennedy:="" portrait="" nellie,="" matessino.="" non="" 2vos="" d'un="" 7aris="" match,="" (eight="" serialised="" parts).="" seaton:="" little,="" brown,="" 1962.="" 1der="" dee="" ?chide:men."="" seine="" prealdenten.="" 20-25.="" november.="" prenkfmts="" tischer,="" "wi.="" keunedys="" mein="" buch="" bekampfen."="" metal:ins="" minch="" "william="" manchester's="" pee="" story.="" 1961'="" .ma^="" ndel,="" "end="" nagging="" rumors:="" biz="" critical="" seconds."="" life,="" 521%="" hennes,="" "lone="" reporter,="" 19="" deceiber="" mansfield,="" kulnelen="" fitzgerald="" donee...lad="" rotunda="" capitol.="" britain,="" conn.;="" j.l.="" kapice,="" rftea.r.id="" kennedy.="" eulonles="" tosvndes="" rhe="" iirtp,f="" 11��������������="" mmill110������11..="" jay="" ftdetueet="" foul:="" conepiracr="" words:ted="" preeedent="" tanned,="" 113="" ametiose="" moswere.="" lee="" angeles:="" burnes="" intecsacionel="" relatious,="" 1941.="" resident="" motion%="" journey."="" reconstructionint.="" pe="" bard.="" reeled!="" curse.="" to:ke="" belsont="" books.="" 2969.,="" reamosable="" debt:"="" _life._="" 311-41114.="" .;6;:ut="" (3fk="" nos="" wilier,:="" 22-25.="" angelesi="" on.="" prorreasive="" leeeeine.="" ley.="" "whet="" saying."="" linteners="" noveybar="" 868.="" lia1letip="" dead.="" cork:="" exposition="" prue.="" 167.="" ^em="" aseassinatios="" isdustryt="" tentative="" checklist="" tclialialii19:3,111.11:="" ;96414="" n1:usrlee:="" pit="" id="" kennel,.="" washington:="" livenign="" star="" coes="" 'paris,="" 22nd,="" ilciselate="" este="" crusader,="" novelber-decomber="" 164,="" 8-9.="" .j.="" 'april="" kann="" l'amitique="" deviant="" �11641115:="" etudes:="" rooms.="" nitholleue="" d'interitivleirel,="" aria.="" teatime:1y="" elves."="" passe="" observer,="" 1p.="" 11-12.="" sew="" eseolre,="" ille.="" 'cs:="" closing="" doors.="" opening="" them:="" limit="" navas="" investigation.'="" flie="" one,="" july-auguet="" 29-32.="" 'post="" assassloatiou="" credibility="" chasm.,="" mined!,="" ketch="" 21..="" psychiatrist's="" retroactive="" clairvoyance."="" minorite="" 15-27.="" edhssis="" deals:="" raw="" inenstisetise="" orsenised.'="" ons,="" -avenge="" 23-27.="" 'inios."="" seienee="" digest,="" 35-36.="" 211.eries="" nee:weer="" stet-ells="" rhroniclins="" events="" x:nnedy.="" no.veber="" cleveland:="" nowell="" micro="" uri:pion,="" harold.="" "broadcast="" informstioi="" emergent="" crises:="" assassinates."="" journal="" beoadcasting.="" spring="" 147.45c.="" 1"echoes="" illustrated="" london="" have,="" 1709="" (1963),="" see-.="" 870="" "history="" tilny="" 66.="" so.="" 766-788.="" ire.="" "snapjpershi="" natal="" savijest="" merits."="" !maui%="" swipes.="" hover="" bee="" 604.="" tbes="" ubio="" kennedivla.="" zagreb:="" "stein:est.="" be.="" "amerika="" je="" penile="" larsen="" samos="" sobel."="" beebe,="" decembit="" 29..="" 30.="" "st:slices="" brasilia="" noveebra."="" borba="" "rbijes="" predsednik="" dem="" renedi.="" wa,="" lend.="" "seeds="" doubt:="" some="" qnnetleas="" assessinatios."="" ito:v.1)11e.="" 14-17.="" "roil,="" "enigma="" di="" si:seals="" intrevera."="" pentruloareres="" i�rember="" 2966,="" luh:="" photos="" s-rays="" autopsy."="" novembes="" 'rev="" needed:-="" questions="" concernins="" eew="" tort="" times,="" piaessine.="" 19661="" 8="" ineuray="" tragedy."'="" c.s.="" eetoort,="" decesbet="" "crystal="" ball:="" coodensatice="" iron="" gift="" air:wheel:="" feeder'.="" dietst�="" ju1y.,1965,="" 235442.="" stories="" conceening="" manchester."="" ,u.s.="" and,="" asp.="" assanalestymn:="" prenident="" nev="" pork:="" ameri-="" liwrary.="" lmhs.="" qot�="" :layi="" aeinr="" neer="" her="" word="" ran="" deltas="" wen="" heard="" faer.4fa7�.="" tort:="" atheoewl,="" 1945.="" ratain.="" rev="" theory:="" m:w="" statesmen,.="" 735.="" allepnrt="" ileac�="" reaction="" join="" keortely're="" tragic="" death."="" pf...f..11,:pr,="" geeleael="" geneeeestieg="" qempney.="" pert="" wes="" 111.0164t.="" bow="" tubs="" benda="" beale,="" 1960e="" nationsi="" bey="" sorrowful="" sae:="" ilee,="" noveiber="" 38-39.="" nelsen,="" barry.="" "if="" reseed,="" had="" survived:="" nieepluter="" ilebt="" save="" bees="" 220="" pete:="" puteles="" timms,="" "now="" aseassination="" theory="" off,="" thempoom."="" m.:="" "na.="" conflict="" aver="" aseassimatoo.="" u.o.="" decembet="" 6�.="" "nee="" light="" assassinatioal="" asset's="" story."="" .u.b.="" mown="" rfoorip="" jumt="" newmann.="" alfred.="" assmasination_pf="" joke="" tjleenedvk="" apamcm="" who,="" clarkson="" potter,="" 1970.="" nichols,="" adremela."="" get,="" 129�130e="" "notes="" comment."="" totter,="" 45.="" "noveober="" nine="" bystanders."="" ilk,="" novsebs,="" 1167,="" 87.="" "nov="" trumpet="" summons="" again..."="" nov-unbar="" 21�23.="" "nos="" gets="" 11.st="" andllorld="" 81.="" o'brien,="" cossor="" statessmn,="" 71,="" 1818="" (1966).="" 5041.="" ������������.="" "no="" tlas="" his."="" ilea:="" statesman="" septeober="" 479�481.="" o'toole,="" js="" e.="" "mourning="" ifreitchnii.'lloychistrii9uarterly,="" 737"="" "oa="" f.a:,:ighti="" assessinatiee."="" coenceweal.="" decenber="" 2144-3113.'="" writing="" bisiory.""ailantic,="" 69.44.="" "oswald'.="" historic="" diary.="" jab="" 26.41.-="" "other="" cuss."="" newerek,="" pact.,="" vicente="" rate="" campaign="" it.="" cron:hit,="" 98.="" paster.downes.="" mollie.="" "letter="" landon."="" yorker,="" 196498..="" "paris:="" coup="" de�dalles."="" pjblasiiimemb.="" 817.="" parlach,="" alexander="" 'jacqusline="" dam="" lobes="" omer="" wien."="" maassise,="" 5.="" 906.="" "pathologist="" sleuth="" reopens="" keened,="" coatroverey;="" suggests="" jig="" suffered="" addison's="" disease."="" permanent="" patched="" 2045.="" tv="" csiel,="" "pilgrimages="" crave="" komodo="" shadow="" cast="" over="" mite="" house."talim="" phalan.="" "plot="" kill="" judgmest="" orleans."="" seturdav="" evielea="" pc="" noveshen="" 8,="" "piety="" it."="" metier.="" 1983,="" pomerants.="" charlotte.="" comp.="" mood="" native.="" lisraloi="" newell.="" "portrait="" psychopeth."="" !emelt,="" 82-84.="" possany,="" s.?.="" "cleating="" ific"--n'ational="" revell',="" 113.114.="" poxes:mks,="" *proms="" sile_lihee,="" 26-28.="" aseassinated="" clams="" uul:74assesalnated."="" times="" remade*="" lem="" rout="" notion="" wolper="" production,="" hellas="" cinema="" %the="" preset="" timm,="" 84.="" "priceless="" role."="" newnweek,="" 56.="" *primer="" eassesinatton="" theorise."="" betulre.="" 205410.="" pucks.="" itmori,.="" toesiporos="" opeolmoto="" t.eeey="" todes="" sus="" detalles.="" madrid:="" ctifica="" rain.="" day."="" 93="" rand,="" al.,="" cove.="" rennedv.="" landon:="" makin,="" marcus.="" "rush="" judenent."="" tele="" lou="" revell.,="" 511149="" "reaction="" south."="" newsweek="" billions."="" newt="" leger.="" 338.="" assassination;="" center:="" respondents."="" center,="" 1618-1619.="" 71="" cern="" "report="" fbi."="" decem4r="" mies="" montof,="" jose="" luis.="" rona="" oreufdeent="" hells="" flat="" nacionel="" cuatees="" memo="" rene="" president::="" estados="" unidos="" amirica.="" senor="" keened?.="" cue="" male:="" tip.="" nacional,="" roberts,="" "eyewitness="" 26-29.="" robert*.="" tharles="" truth="" inetion.="" cemesat="" robert:ion.="" a_="" copm,="" fr.*="" �-="" �,="" tint="" felt="" 0011ective="" guilt."="" val.="" vero="" weald="" ommott,="" pdoemobat="" 73.="" tiassedi="" muuiaatios.="" p.s.="" new,="" ifprld="" remorg,="" octo-="" ber="" 1964,p.="" 20.="" judgeents="" commtreetiou="" mark="" lens="" emile="" antool."="" .111m="" comment,="" -pall="" 2967,="" 2.18.="" il,="" bertrand.="" qum:clone="" aesassinstion.="" picnic,="" n.j.="" sot.="" "doubts="" .national="" styles:.="" 887-888e.="" bio-biblioxrpohe="" ?nig&="" reeks="" scarecrow,="" 1yen="" mikhail.="" "dalkm.="" ham,="" why,"="" souto114="" flookhly="" divot,="" jima,="" august,="" at,="" fleets="" 8.0.="" ftith="" pod="" nouseveepine.="" aueust="" 3747,="" 158,="" 160-168,="" 170,="" 174.="" +="" sander="" tanocur,="" eds.="" )1:="" weasel="" tmcyelopalla="" 8ritannica="" urnerrises="" kennedy?"="" prelressiee="" mutazine,="" noveebet="" 36+="" 39.="" mickey.="" "lesolutions="" liberia="" otleese="" asaassistation="" frost-="" dent="" journd="" peremelity,="" 636-646'.="" atsuyvki.="" "pew="" lleht="" asmesinatimst="" agent's="" jues="" 36-39.="" leo.="" "as="" wry="" lenart.="" 843.="" .sirimongkoe6="" pt="" .n="" ithattstam="" erstban1thipbhdl="" keentat.="" bangkok,="" inger.:arthur="" m.,="" eulogy:="" fltsgerald="" kennedy;"="" tvenloe="" december-1963.="" 12-32a.="" slater="" bereadette,="" da...soht="" torke="" ventage="" limps,="" bet,="" f.r.="" serum.="" "noveiber="" psychiatele="" evaluation."="" diaeste="" -7m1="" 39-41.="" "la="" 'carom:el'="" sitse.="" f864gentse.="" dallns="" tech="" kennedy-hord."="" .jed="" (1%5).76.="" ian,="" joachim.="" "der="" hard="" von="" telt.="" (1964),="" primer="" theories."="" 1111_77e-r..ttay="" 104407.="" frento="" poilt.----a-tieeembee="" had.="" kennydy.="" ousrossi.="" istarbul:="" 8110.1="" tayinlari,="" idea-="" oluelur="" n.od="" rotnhe="" kenen.="" tel="" aviv:="" twenty,="" boure="" whet="" teach="" us."="" lite,="" oft="" greasy="" knoll:="" photogtaphioadmalysie="" shove="" evidence."="" -1.111,="" :dalian"="" peyiew,="" decembee="" anbert="" lewis.="" question.".="" snturdav="" demobet="" wt.,="" "peon="" citisee."="" tool,="" marrh="" 86t.="" mat="" changed="" future."="" ilen_ledilee,="" noveeber="" "maley="" visas."="" hnliday,="" -romeber="" 190,="" 76-79+.="" merriman.="" muroer="" venue="" frees="" intemmatioaal="" itsehingtearinvent="" garde,="" anstion.="" villiers="" asenmstparlon="" hr="" (envenom:="" seem,="" behind="" eennede="" alee="" steer:="" ete="" -wee="" assassination.="" l'avant.="" notde,="" uh2.20="" i.cv="" inate="" t,nndti="" author="" i:="" myntery="" mlaalot="" trames.fmaumeh="" ftnentealon="" untersycht="" -attendee.="" poiliet-politel-eraxte,="" 35="" 159-="" 260.="" e,="" theoddre="" "kennedy."="" 40.501="" -50;="" september,="" 42-46,="" 51.54;="" 48-52,="" 51-60;="" 50-53.="" remedy's="" digest="" pre,,,="" 3-2.="" s.f.="" n.k.="" dentin.="" "levels="" kam:)edge="" ia="" crisis."="" 1oelsi.="" forces,="" 34-217,�="" pfeeldett="" kennedy,="" application="" .cumputeie="" photographic="" cneputers="" automition,="" 1970,="" 29-60.="" on,="" adlai="" "tributes="" joim="" kenned?."="" baird,="" p.c.,="" repreeentetlye="" amerlym.a..trbeau.="" 1151-194.="" fork:="" willson.="" drac-lei="" iisce="" kendall,="" ere="" tumed="" permits="" 0.0minnfloo.="" cleat="" n.j.:="" faults:="" eeeee="" ph.!="" eve.e.r.�="" cmtlook.="" nn.="" 8.4_="" .0="" allam.tamillsebelpfal="" iimeasdp4istd.="" per="" trick="" dm="" va1tbsm6damm6="" iluntomkagt="" 110="" blaosackt.�="" sehimalacho="" evednabee="" ito.="" *ibis="" matisse'="" seememele="" noemmiber="" 1663.="" 901.002.="" "ibis="" mattes.="" sods="" lew.i="" aditamoe="" dea0nrio="" moots="" hammy="" op.,="" 2batese,="" 4.:1118:="" 111on="" ft="" llbes="" 141:elms&="" seawall(="" tom,="" lattesptlimmit,="" (3="" mown%="" josiah.="" lomado="" ballape="" tasks="" simard="" geis="" aeseeliteeee="" 1262.="" ebsupson,="" themes.="" 'is="" toms="" ?dilemmas="" assassin="" laid="" omit.="" lmeambor="" $28.526.="" thompoom.="" v.c.="" siblioeraphy="" literature="" tolitimayo="" amepeoliatims="" ftemident="" idj="" kenna*.="" antonio,="" texas="" to.d)="" "41kowbbolly.de�14="" july,="" jody;="" jul,,="" ibiambet.="" nowsobet,="" memeber="" lithomend="" bets="" inhn="" itegnelv="" nemit.="" bestow="" noughtoe="" mifflin,="" "three="" patients="" at)orkland."="" temp="" state="" journals"="" tie:mine,="" 60+74.="" ilumaton,="" wesley="" tromets="" yolks="" stroard="" cele="" amooelatea="" s.d.="" "time="" between.="" mmermber="" 1963._p.="" ,nixt="" investigates="" de:weber="" tobin,="" keep="" tout="" television="" coveraes="" lenttedy="" aseaseination="" .saterehre="" torch="" .�317141,1="" aseeelated="" preis="" store="" ',president,="" toitt="" challenge."="" ?esteem="" 124.="" "tragic="" teems."="" scholastic.="" iteimied�itewe="" olport,="" 31+32.="" trevor-roper,="" bush.="" "ii="" bits="" meg="" kennedy-ti"="" karnak,="" 1601�1609.="" troeletrup,="" glenn.="" "slew="" aseassinatioes="" topa="" stefan.="" "dallas:="" dicier:all="" ipotesi."="" lell�="" 1640.="" turnbull,="" j.w.="" texas."="" coaronweal="" 13-diesseer="" 337.="" turner,="" 11.w.="" dlstutbing="" parell-lilaissessination="" ill.="" 3.7.="" lammody."="" ramparts="" maessine,="" vous="" 31-36.="" "two="" kent:says."="" 335..316.="" vetted="" isternstional.="" brochure="" front="" time;="" sompapere.="" noisaber="" knr)mblications="" n.d.="" congress.="" house.="" jualelareg="" prelervine="" perteinine="" asseasination="" kennet:="" accoreenv="" p.r.="" 9545,="" g.p.o.,="" senate.="" judiciary.="" preserving="" evidente="" pertateitut="" mess+="" nineties="" remedy:="" :icecaps:2e="" iv.="" 9545.="" 88th="" nome="" 1913e="" eutherleinksubpoenepower="" assasm="" ideation="" teport="" fro="" judiciary="" accoopenv="" restitution="" 852.="" documeate="" rms.="" lam="" 202.="" s.j.="" res="" 137.0eint="" resolution="" authorizine="" establ="" ehe4="" easamlnation="" prealdent="" ti="" compel="" ettendeoce="" an4="" testimony="" witnesses="" evidencet="" usshingtont="" c.p.o.,="" approved="" temion,="" 1984.="" edam:tees="" costes*="" amt="" tributes="" eulory="" jolts="" preolfent="" states.="" ikirha="" ingtoo:="" "unraveling="" mystery="" assaasiostion="" kennedy;="" oftlelal="" 35-42+.="" "untold="" stories:="" 5642.="" ueueuay,="" biblioteca="" feder="" legislative.="" ohn="" f,="" rennedyt="" 1917.4963t="" stelae="" bioesifica="" oeneielm="" fellelelente.="" montevideo,="" "usa-attentat-aufklarung:="" weisser="" oesucht."="" spiesel,="" 17,="" no,="" 49="" 81-061,="" "usa-kennedy="" -attentat:="" nord="" scone."="" 77.411.="" "usa="" prilsidentenschntet="" feaster="" ru."="" spfseel,="" (1963)="" 86-87.="" "una="" abuse="" stock="" footage."="" fallivinter="" 47-53.="" ushakm�="" "dallas="" herrp-goatound.="" 27-29.="" karr,="" crisis="" nsilas:="" historical="" slur?.="" !hp="" $elevialoo="" broodemet...="" street="" seetves="" lest="" crlsta.="" halleas="" peek,="" moveiber="" 26-31.="" dela.="" whe="" tilled="" prepideett="" americas="" tress,="" r,="" zen.="" "lie="" bargain="" rifliz7v.nechenist="" illustrated,="" 60,="" 437="" 0941+.="" eels="" min="" same?"="" ma,="" olsten="" buaineas="" 41-42.1q9-11o.="" erg,="" retold.="" whitemsah._="" (sup,reased="" amilessination="" eietureel.="" flying:town.="" mds="" �e="" post="" portent="" suppressed="" autopsy.="" frederick,="" md.,="" poet="" norte.="" ee="" wbitevesb="" ii.="" fu-secret="" coverul.="" hyattsville,="" 0,="" turner.="" "in="" shadows="" romper:a.="" 61�71.="" r.j.="" "kausedy="" comment.="" kvenina="" 19-23,="" 74.="" sae="" dreadful="" dallas!="" testiowny="" published."="" 28-30.="" smith.="" 6241.="" teunedy="" died."="" _site:us:reek="" p61.="" shots="" coos="" ris:rofliew="" republic="" theodore="" inquiry:="" slew.="" careful."="" revs="" 49.="" "per="" kennedy1="" epilogue."="" lei.="" deceuber="" 158-159.="" "one="" wished="" cry,="" sob...any="" nissan="" sound."="" loot="" 19641="" ..lm="" edition).="" lied="" 642.="" crucial="" evideuce."="" 741.="" kermedys="" condol="" 54.="" blamer="" economist,="" 1022.="" ;airy.="" :"dallas:="" out="" there."="" winhal="" cethelle="" rs:porter,="" richard.="" "what="" happened="" iirnedy="" program.'="" 1966:="" memoriel="" edition),="" 117-118+.="" nrir�wirr----111111emany="" tears..."="" unusekeepine,="" 90-91+.="" 'secret="" assassination.'="" poet,="" april'="" 70-73.="" thomas="" ross.="" pr.="" antonio:="" naylor="" co..="" "qv.="" east-il="" dallas?"="" a:leans,="" 2.3.="" (ter="" year's="" minds="" feres7ce7-"zurrent="" 10-1e.="" house."="" 1iev="" steeesnan,="" noveubet="" 56-511.="" latened="" watched:="" radio-tv="" meets="" wake="" jit="" tragedy..."="" bre:des:stint,="" 36-61.="" ;urns="" doubt,="" fear,="" hope."="" nrwavvelt.="" thsaipot."="" nevvveek,="" de:ember="" 7p.="" 27-28.="" ;h.="" ralph.="" "sensory="" perception."="" 6rvesvce,="" lightnings="" drums."="" commen.,="" opinion="" effects="" jos,="" guillermo.="" before="" tomb.="" barcelona,="" :mos="" j..="" ':the="" thoughts="" enotious."="" _quarterly.="" suer="" mil="" norman="" apathy="" grief.="" chicago:="" ,fle112.11n6.-t;="" center.="" chlcago.="" "questions="" abroad."="" ieview,="" abort.="" "russia:="" cannot="" true."="" 129-="" guilt,"="" ..christian="" 37-38.="" guilt="" u.s.?="" leak="" world:="" addreos="" thrwton="" morton."="" u.s="" miami="" repru...r="" 2-74.="" guilt.="" revn="" norjd="" :input.="" .k.="" fre-echvol="" children="" rormai-loren.="" 100-105.="" 10t.="" u;iniviton.="" etmrna="" motordni="" tritlirront="" reinetelev'de="" hn="" perisvifera="" erne,="" prud:gton.="" crimp="" jch47177.17mnrdr.="" dealen:="" :cadent*="" lietrarla.="" 1564.="" "burden="" rarfetirn="" crorna.="" 243.="" ass="" &wird,="" amergolnflireo="" virusul="" nu="" rrecamoal��="" 114.444="" meaner,="" jung="" ("auto�="" wed.)="" "lettere="" pule."="" yam="" tarter,="" sumba="" 1331.146.="" "prom="" !deed="" fee="" emetics:="" shock="" money="" despicable="" acts="" 'totem="" u.s,="" upset,="" prontak,="" modem="" etew.w="" dam.="" 382483.="" greenberg,="" bradley="" edwin="" linker,="" kenneskaasessination="" amet�en="" publics="" crinis.="" stanford="" greametein,="" "popular="" images="" parteee="" terchistre,="" 122,="" (1965),="" 523-529.="" bens.="" pnatowtof="" hatred:="" wounded="" lead.="" barrels,="" banos="" gerree.="" "competent="" americas'="" blikt="" flews="" e."="" $4,="" 36,="" 61,="" hepburn,="" janes.="" farewell="" americk.="" &ditto;="" treater="" (also="" carmen="" trench="" tests).="" "roe="" felt."="" marsh="" "row="" bad*="" erairgelietielse."="" 3849.="" jural="" procesului="" 11k6-ilad="" iltfaini."="" scioto's,="" nation's="" interest;="" commissior="" presideut="" jobe="" "kennedy="" legacy,="" perripilnish."="" cowmen:real,="" 235426.="" lineberry,="" william.="" lingering="" 'plisi77-nielp="" leader,="" 21.22.="" "lingering="" doubts;="" survey="" opinion."="" mcgill,="" i.e.="" "speaking="" out:="" hate="" knees="" direction.="" seturdsv="" ?menial="" past,="" 61.="" "our="" mahet="" volt."="" beeeenung,="" 3,="" "l'occidente="" motto="" rivists="" stud&="" politic!="" international!,="" flames,="" radojele,="" miroslay.="" "'asko="" amerika="" primile="" vest="" filmier="" teksasu."="" 18010.="" "last.="" cute's?"="" folitika,="" 18017.="" rains,="" rohn="" r.,="" u.s.a.="" duff="" opinions="" different="" mut:feet..="" texas:="" rajski,="" raymond="" b.,="" grieves:="" carteene="" rutleed,="" vt.:="" tuttle,="" sheatsley,="" paul="" bradburn.="" "assassination;="" responded="" psychological="" asse.="" angeles.="" 1-19.="" (paper)="" sheateley,="" jacob="" feldman.="" preliminary="" reactions="" behavior."="" quarterlv.="" "soviet="" cerement="" prase,="" 3-7.="" ?mama.="" reply="" brandon's="" "tragedy="" letters="" editor."="" 63="" 1588-1590.="" wolfenstein,="" korth&="" gilbert="" klinse,="" presideetr="" sultidlecialinarr="" studies.="" doubleday,="" wilson,="" j.j.="" nation.="" margani="" munsell.="" resounds:="" murder,="" symposium:="" tort,="" we:="" tokyo,="" blewett,="" rome.="" campion,="" quinlan.="" bogota,="" andrade.="" milwaukee.="" q.quade.="" toulouse,="" bee:beau.="" louden,="" doyle.="" emeriea.="" "world="" lessee="" wnitm."="" buslosse="" wield.="" var1001="" coinissior="" warren="" starts;="" latest="" eeesseinatlen."="" 6.6.="" wed="" nelson.="" 26-30.="" seseseinetiess="" 32-40,="" 4542,="" 5740,="" 63-64.="" "autopsy="" commission:="" essay."="" tine="" 5445.="" "between="" fires:="" oswald's="" coomiesion."="" time,="" 16-20.="" bickel,="" alma:dec.&="" "failure="" impact."="" co.vemea="" 1967..pp._64.="" "reeraeining="" 404="" 447,13411,.="" "brave="" lite,.="" 1�1�01�1��������="" ell.="" "oka="" imposed="" dallas?="" comeareltsg="" velebevn="" 11.j.="" lipsteist's="" versos="" newitppebile,="" 23.15.="" *oiliest="" k.'="" da!="" geste,-="" 13.18.="" n.a.="" 'postscript="" warress.="" 99.="" .4warren="" dock="" seeetater4:23="" sebtesbei="" '-371.372.="" jecoh.="" "lb.="" critic.,'.="" ?rootlet'.="" s-20.="" warms="" oodles="" vital="" documents."="" nolen="" 43.69..="" weft="" comotesion.="" mundelein.="" ill,="" callaghan="" (journal="" the,="" tereilate="" sciences)="" ?re="" commissios="" unanswered="" questions"="" lag',="" 705.715.="" .."varren="" &omission="" repent="" teatime,="" eyewitnesses."="" 'pp.="" 737.746.="" "varies="" !sport="" tevecinellabless.="" josialsth="" emposi="" sylvia="" "meagher.="" mattes,="" pp..="" 277-281.="" id,curtia="" al."--tiltleal="" mattis:am="" torlt1="" marian'="" moselle="" rd.="" impeachers."="" neweveek="" ottobet="" s,="" commission?"="" lew-review,="" 477.533.="" jay.="" sieleht="" evidence:="" varies="" critics.="" meredith="" meet="" jis="" matthews,="" illthilshts="" retort,="" covina,="" calif.s="" collectoes="" inehlisbte="" pf="" moslem!="" professiona^="" service,="" sol4:964.="" veag="" doubts="" questioning="" verdict="" commission."="" 36+.="" sr,="" david.="" kiberation.="" 11.12.="" "tditorialf="" report...?"="" .wszation.="" "allan="" dulles="" stovers="" critics;="" statements.="" 1966."="" r.s.="" neon="" if.="" report:"="" jubilee,="" 24.22.="" edward="" 'domini="" conwission="" establishment="" truth.="" twist="" viking="" 1996.="" rej.thip="" ennissio="" iferrpa="" da="" warded.,.="" trade="" renato="" fee-rendre.="" janeiro:="" !nova.="" �tao="" afraid="" report?"="" enquire,="" deceeber="" 204+.="" mold="" "ipk="" dello,="" marren="" critics."="" .saturday="" 36.="" blishers="" panel's="" puhlighere="" weetil,="" 43-44.="" others="" us;="" goandasion="" novether="" 35.37.="" *nano.="" "loose="" ends."="" greater="" philadelphia="" mammies,="" commioslon:="" arlan="" specter."="" philadelphie="" keen:ins.="" (page="" proofs,="" 19667)="" raid="" v,="" eed="" jahn="" stiles.="" portraits="" assassin.="" tod!="" simon="" schuster,="" reflection="" fundamentals="" polemic="" feet="" finding."="" ihifycrairy="" lew="" merles,="" exaolnatson="" contredictrom="" anions="" clio="" leash="" borld="" publishing="" moron="" alm:eerie="" 16-12.="" aa.="" goodhart.="" coanissloos="" low;="" theorise="" ea&="" epstein="" lens."="" reporter.,="" deceeher="" 44.48.="" a.l.="" procedural="" standpoint."="" 404-423.="" ."the="" press."="" lav="" quarterly="" 23-63.="" gormission."="" atlantic="" 117!�118.="" rd="" consoles...="" e.g.="" aasonination="" pr:sick-rm."="" nedir?sh="" h.glliee,="" deeeuber="" repsrt="" vill="" show."="" fe="" ort,="" 47.41.="" norms="" cossassit.="" ?s,="" jacobson,="" dme.="" %an="" 'tomtit="" vaasa="" geodesics="" deport.*="" statesmen,="" jeseary="" 1545="" 78.77.="" jaffe,="" lodo="" "trial="" sevepeper..="" maw="" teo="" univewsittlaw="" itevieq.="" 304="" joesten.="" pie="" wahtheit="" bler="" tennedy-mordt="" wip="" worms="" murree-report="" iv="" zurich,="" schweizer="" verlageheue,="" gape="" 'forks="" massa="" itome11,="" jahman,="" vit106="" v..="" rut,.="" inventory="" record'="" commis="" sn="" washington="" mational="" archive@="" services="" administration.="" joins.="" pm.="" mr="" criefle="" reporl="" john,f.="" midlothian,="" taxies="" midlothism="" mirror,="" forgive="" volume="" two,,="" texas;="" midlothian="" semetells="" case="" prosecution."="" 13.17.="" wtatest="" preview="" 48.="" 0490t="" 43.44.="" levis,="" seemlier*="" varlen="" revortt="" endless="" oarades.="" delscorts="" litton,="" s.,="" addendum="" martel="" angelus="" sighttemt="" inc..="" lynd,="" staughton.="" 'cont="" stoughton="" lynd."="" liberation="" maeatine="" macdonald,="" dwight.="" critique="" rams="" esquire,="" it:rch="" 59.="" ctitique="" report.'="" welker.="" gerald,="" bast="" noroxioo="" ilx0�="" crows.="" 19.53.="" ghost="" conspiracy.="" shoran="" comadosiceiresort.="" snglewood="" cu="" n.j.s="" prentice="" nall,="" (publication="" withdrawn)="" mato,="" washington!="" 196="" marcus,="" raymond,="" bastard="" bullets="" search="" lepicimacr="" exhibit="" 399,="" randall="" publicatione,="" heather,="" sylvia.="" acceseories="" fact;="" commission.="" authorities.="" indianapollas="" sobbemerrill,="" index="" ileums="" imagines="" exhibits.="" sears="" meyer,="" kell="" macleod'.="" "spotlight="" venue."="" loudon,="" statessom.-2,0ctehe="" 474-476.="" triune%="" calibsi."="" leeds="" michel,="" armand.="" l'osessinet="" rapport="" virren="" sea="" critieues.="" n.?.="" mills.="" andros.="" kennedy!="" right."="" ira*="" matellne,="" demob="" 411"eh="" trinavel.="" montagu.="" ::-p7o7r;."="" labour="" monthly,="" 449.503.="" most,="" process."="" foss="" consent="" lbutesh="" may-anse="" 13-20.="" %alen,="" norbert.="" "mord.und="" legends.="" eritiker="" warrem.seperto."="" frankfurt="" em="" pat="" monat,="" 14-28.="" "mystery="" ushers;="" sparrow's="" evaluation="" marron="" mod="" entice.="" nash.="" tines.="" wit="" patricia.="" witnesses."="" leeds!,="" riebliebte="" *eeriness="" coolies="" aesassinstion="" banton="" :5re="" toon="" rune="" 48="" pelee="" meer="" publisher,="" "nighteare="" revisited;="" reenectiesit="" comossios.'="" flewsweek,="" 68,="" o'brien.="" goner="" cruise.="" "veto="" aesessinatioar="" ortatburis="" jams="" camisoles:="" import="" marisa."="" perot="" sciences="" 261.271.="" oswald,="" prank.="" "kin="" stole="" pa="" warren?"="" wardens="" gan&="" 274.279.="" .packer,="" norbert="" manure="" ambievemest.�="" doestbs,="" 85-299.="" podhorsts.="" editorial.'="" arr.="" 1964.�="" tootle,="" oswald;="" cas2="" cesspit="" icy="" tabery."="" pieutotle,="" looks.="" "ftrocilo="" vergennes="" komisija."="" klublitanald="" &event.="" 268.275.="" "retommendation."="" mia.="" 143.="" i,.="" a._&="" en.="" oft.="" vat="" old="" 614141ma="" dein="" cesmdasite="" inemetigete="" eiessainstire="" el&="" lamme4�"="" ama="" 3ecenbee.1,63,="" 2647.="" skis,="" vincent="" report?="" lewes,="" analyse,="" pretlent'll="" hack="" neck="" woonde..."="" libere="" lon="" pesch="" 1442.="" mseeme..="" "1st="" varrenlicricht="" ar="" ted="" frasidentlimanedse="" glenbverdig?"="" ...,itankeortpr="" left.,="" ao.1(1965),="" 15-24.="" ins,="" detrar="" barren="" conadesion."="" ,hcornal="" of,="" ?preemie="" feienees,="" 118-329.="" 7,="" alfredda.="" lawyer's="" report..."="" imerican="" sar="" aesotistleo="" journal.="" 39-43.="" 'persistent="" devilat="" cds="" inquiry;="" varese="" report,"="" paturdap,="" 46.="" n.4.="" "ms="" reseals."="" comeenter74="" 12,="" 14,="" r.h.="" "thinking="" unthinkable,="" books."="" weekl="" 55.="" me,ijohn="" s.a.="" assassination,="" positlye="" appraisal="" revert.="" 4iew="" chilmark="" *ion="" coomission="" mew="" fork="" key="" 404-526.="" coandesion."="" notion,="" comedesion="" sgovegnional="" weekly.,="" 113m3t2it)="" troth,="" oultrical="" or.="" aeons&="" wan="" really.aganneinsted.="" glendale.="" california:="" c.c.="" thomsoo="" enaimearing="" mienintrtehibitag="" i-raya="" touted="" archives.'="" 11..tion="" 2966.="" 500'.="" anttin;771,the="" conde:don="" interest."="" motive,="" 6-14.="" soper,="" bush="" "slovenly="" 1965le="" 11s-116.="" haat*="" prove="" theory?="" interview="" 1.5,="" neva="" 46-50.="" evident.'="" coanlesion="" concise="" coomendium="" fever\="" tennseinstfon="" 'fork:="" popular="" library,="" "ari"gt.="" vole.="" washingtons="" c.o.p.="" inyeartration="" annsaninsrion="" heatinan="" prreident's="" co.nassion="" th.="" asaassientios="" ecnnedv.="" d.c..="" 14.4,="" offietti="" 44.="" !nation="" kennedy*="" wpm="" %art.'.="" citron.="" carden="" city,="" n.y.:="" rrref.t="" werten="" c..nnisaton="" asanasination="" added="" materiel="" exclusively="" edition.="" mccraw-hill,="" .f="" rennet.="" washingtcut="" c.o.p.,="" resort:="" overt="" rolmtgeton.="" associeted="" 196%="" ?le="" wftn="" selected="" edited="" (mu="" %ermines="" ea.="" f.e.n.w="" 7ork:="" ve4rew-h1l3�="" eosesissi,m.="" essnyt="" us'?="" sr:mulling="" prealdenten="" vernemtlert="" urn="" pnhert="" m.w.="" rekpher.="" loin:="" kiepenheuer="" witeat,="" 35.="" enough;="" voices="" speaking="" contradiction="" report;="" call="" for.tavestigariar."="" 38.="" naniesten."="" 445.="" n.w="" pepuhlie,="" :pr:lesion="" jfk."="" schnlastie,="" .14-20.="" imeismion="" 45-50.="" cr..sleeion="" 5e7.ert="" role="" prese="" anossainatton="" .rnhn="" y.="" cross,="" lle="" resnonsibilitr="" vie="" dew="" yorht="" :fleet="" pub..="" lssion="" 'rrnert;="" paraffin="" test="" unreliable;="" billing="" mystery."="" 727.="" nemec="" cosmdeleion="" verdict,="" pso="" aleme."="" *mid="" nimetine,="" octebec="" 9�10.="" %wm="" ceendesient="" lestbsoisy="" mi.="" 23-27.-="" "warns="" finedinost="" eons="" facts."="" (1.6.="" mews="" inameria="" reoprt�="" *sports="" measure="" achieve="" :meet;="" eoweset."="" ham.="" nowesber="" 290-293.="" counent."="" pmeonweak,="" p!="" "ilse="" medical="" medicine="" attorneys.="" 1411.="" totters="" readers."="" coomentary="" linsesines="" 742.="" wrong,="" college="" teacher="" say."="" ansoles="" movembee="" 1947i="" "warren's="" secret."="" nations;="" 265-266.="" "washington="" news:="" twice="" back:"="" let="" warrant="" man.="" court.="" tare.="" boston:="" srows="" ts.d;="" weisberg,="" six="" induetaeo="" 196)�="" whitewash,="" h7attetown,="" west,="" coomissioo,="" tria%.="" collectors="" pub.,="" white,="" stephen.="" should="" believe="" volk,="" macmillan,="" ham="" oswald="" amillrie,="" l'affaire="" nevald,="" leo="" sauvage.="" &lib="" 249450.="" ansbachar,="" heine="" rowena="" kathleen="" shiverilk."les="" harley="" adlerian="" interpretation."="" pesehnlanalstle="" 5s-66.="" "assassination.="" plot="" unfolds:="" asainet="" oswald:="" iow="" shot."="" becasber="" 611.71.="" "attorney="" oswald."="" 47.="" seamans,="" ids.="" "hoes="" n7rdeds="" pre:wide:4="" defensorat="" indleveret."="" frtt.dannark.="" (196344).="" 1.3.="" "soy.="" don't="" know="" i'm="" camera?"="" chapman="" gil="" ann.="" alost="" diego:="" export="" coopany,="" "oswald="" psychopathic="" personality:="" canspitacp."="" manchestercuardian,="" "counsel="" oswald..="" oucovey,="" aar="and" leon="" friedman.="" les="" harvey="" (a="" play)."="" vlawhill,="" matatine,="" 11,="" peldmen,="" "oevald="" fm."="" 8649.="" "acquittal="" movie="" 'rush="" judson:ie."="" connenwealo="" 149-15="" grove,="" i..d11474:11="" pressure="" oswald?"="" resort,="" hastings="" michael.="" harvet="" streak="" inderandere="" srousht="" neylee40="" saltbox*:="" penguin="" "he="" ay="" brother:="" (r.l.="" others)."="" 1200="" 62-66+.="" mewls.="" theatres="" sensing="" history."="" ravi**,="" 40.="" noises,="" chin.="" "the.="" silence="" zart..2m,="" 101401,="" 224.="" lived,="" impartial="" jury="" try="" hi.."="" broadcasting,*="" 3241.="" jackson,="" donald.="" "ma="" evolution="" assassin."="" 60640.="" joesten,="" "lasni="" osloboden="" 773444="" 32974930.="" marina="" oswald.="" wedeln="" davnay,="" cuy?"="" maitsmia="" rod.munsell,="" 7h1.1="" truth,="" dornay,="" 1967..="" .johnson,="" priscilla.="" moscow."="" hamer's,="" 4650.="" kempton,="" "oswald,="" facts,="" please."="" renub1ic..13="" 11.1="" hark.="" innocent?="" brief."="" motional="" guardian="" detelber="" "lee="" widow="" calls="" story;="" gunnery="" teatinony="" moweld.d="" ,ils.="" yoad="" hanna.="" ringgold.="" annaanin.="" (*weld="" ifwerwthr.="" delltlecols="" aso()="" ccccc="" service:1.-196e.="" loo4="" "ofikt="" !avowed:10="" smoother="" 36%="" .*="" dia,="" poblication="" stirs="" furor.="" publishec.="" a11111mg="" di:mowed."="" sciewee="" new.="" 333.="" loystery="" susi="" &seer."="" repoet,="" 45,="" cies="" bs:dust="" coandasio'="" lesdet.="" decebber="" 1.10.="" steele,.="" reopened.="" 13,="" 469-470.="" revive,="" 265.="" rights'="" onvalt.="" books,="" ruth.="" riddle."="" coronet,="" 122.127.="" "afore="" tiesnik="" ariled,,="" 694.695.="" l'affaije="" reaponna="" ranport="" warren,-="" feria:="" mloult,="" cesuchtt="" kennedy:i="" morder="" affire="" rewald="" wien.="" winching="" holden.="" affair."="" conmentory,="" 53-56.="" :the-oswald="" affair,="" esandnatton="" ofihe="" contradict'="" �elegises="" coupany,="" "(wwold="" villas:="" loose="" 24-26.="" exchange="" letters."="" 29-34.="" aul.="" nerve="" drees.="" yorkt="" pageant="" oevald's="" cuilti="" latled="" keenedy's="" killer.="" science,'="" 66-73.="" "making="" jam.="" 173�174.="" jeas.="" mother="" history.="" matto="" :undue.="" strange="" marguerite="" necall'e,="" 112-113.="" lea="" armada="" more="" pp..60-62.="" joe="" hove="" tem="" aceuitted="" sourdatof="" tn.p..="" 1764="" ;kerry="" classics="" house,="" owsdas3on."-te."711="" ubl="" c,="" noumea,="" 16-21.="" ald="" conte="" judicial="" sunning="" up="" statesuen,="" 399-403.="" sun;="" �weld's="" testimony."="" 211.30+.="" 'sawn.="" "merino="" porter,="" seven="" redbooko="" 37-59,="" 129-132.="" 134-135,="" avella="" manuel.="" icwien="" fusil="" oswald'="" bogota:="" revistal="" columbiana.="" jack="" rust="" saltation:="" nonentity="" 16..17.="" subille.="" "tardier="" ruby.="" 72-71.="" 345.="" 704.71,="" lvin="" m.c.="" carroll.="" dallsa="" juntice.="" real="" ruby,="" pia="" mckay.="" 'fells="" relations="" rub?="" casw."="" publisher.="" "did="" ruby="" waring="" man?"="etas," 29,="" 96401.="" tell?"="" sunday="" 'firms,="" 8.�="" sanford.="" ."who="" ruby?"="" amine,="" 40-42.="" stele.="" msdnass="" 19-25.-="" )rd="" leak;="" the.warren="" moment="" madness,="" ruh,.="" -chicago="" follett,="" ciaapietro.="" o!="" 'state="" cases':="" postscript="" pubr="" trial."="" nopaul="" 16,="" (spring-suomer="" 1962).="" 285-308.="" ernest,="" 'ariel:isms="" :why="" chost�of="" dead="" scott."="" 2,1="" 196...="" �achim.="" si.out="" latk="" venire="" sur="" leca%="" rsrlai="" -editions="" castereen,="" gun;="" presmtute="" di:closures."="" v....sweek.="" 1.0="" itioptes.="" morro.="" 'sop,�="" duet="" tam="" rows="" cameral"="" repolgle,="" palmy="" 11016,,,="" i'o.n.o.....="" "ruby.="" stets.="" 906.907.="" 111eposeble="" rey."="" 20lootf="" mi,="" lowia,="" ;ithaca="" marron.="" flashy="" lawyer="" osw="" d's="" siller."="" lejskt.1....1s422110="" febtuery="" 215�30.="" liam,="" marg.="" "appointment="" dellsei="" ihato26="" jamb="" 1046"="" 'atolls,="" 'won="" 24-26,="" 28,="" 33,="" 7647,="" 40,="" 48.49.="" ,i="" pops.="" litsfv*"dallse="" lasiti'l="" it..="" ruby."="" iou,="" nerdh="" 1764.="" 16-114.="" 444...4.="" hyenas,="" progesul="" aft.*="" iamb="" vaiiiiiary="" 11.9.="" "public="" piro="" :lets="" iteii-1e01="" ruby's="" alis="" rid="" decsaber="" "radio-tv="" ratted="" njoadcastinso="" $6.="" ihnomminlestify="" proadeastim.="" hach="" 1964,4.="" revers,="" guy.="" "jack="" ruby:the="" mafia's="" niels="" belles.'="" leu,="" web="" 20.31e="" 116.4="" 90.="" "ruby="" rise="" torte."="" limes="" literal*="" sueoleseet,="" hatch="" 2214="" verdiett="" tt="" spectacular."="" editot="" publiehpr.="" "screen="" test."="" stern,="" ja="" proc.-"trwy�dellat.="" kapellan,="" belgium="" seekers,="" "what's="" source":="" prosecute="" journal-americas="" testiest,="" warren."="" lareellears,="" 6849.="" wills,="" cary="" ovid="" desaris-,7�"the="" disposal="" key."="" eaguire,="" comeris.="" imericen="" library',="" vorthineten.="" peter.="" limelight:="" why="" couldn't="" nipple.="" mere."="" maclean's,="" 5-4.="" *feu="" ms:="" i's="" amiss,="" 79.87,="" 133.164.="" *rutin="" conspiract="" !any="" umber="" play:="" asseseinatios="" work="" newsweek.="" 1700.="" derendt,="" they've="" bawd="" them="" ness="" names="" sod="" produce="" re.s_glin,="" 60-82..="" beeson,="" valdeser.="" "diii-facasse="" verschwarrung="" nemo="" esserle="" reit,="" 19,="" 33="" nehmen="" to*:="" putnam's,="" buchanan,="" conseirscso.="" janeiros="" alvaro,="" cutler,="" flieht="" ce329a="" [vide's*="" silverly,="" mwas.1="" ommi="" print.="" fliehtvathat="" danvers,="" xses.i="" mirror="" prose,="" davis,="" nord,="" its,="" n.n.t="" author.="" onow="" epstein,="" co,mteroiot.="" nii="" tresse="" ?atilt',="" conspiracy="" pettspe="" assassins?"="" ilew="" miessines="" 5241a.="" goldberg,="" conseirecy="" interpretations="" reeeeftt="" dogmatic.="" california="" studies="" project="" anselest="" cosset,="" lehman="" ovi="" trot="" twat="" tanned!.="" parise="" presses="" cita.="" nervily,="" swam="" lucy="" freeman.="" aasaaatna.="" toth'="" crowell,="" persson.="" rati.="" "bort:rat="" 11111,="" m,="" soojean.="" mteiii'diffmmioat="" regularity="" hypothesis."="" jou:saliva="" owarterly,="" 41.="" karp,="" irwin.="" 'debate="" sparrow="" masbate"="" 113-114.="" tui="" kandy?"="" maekri'l.="" moth="" 1-2.="" matter="" reasonable="" revu="" mattatinei="" jarmo,="" 10-26.="" "more="" .en."="" arteries.="" p..="" 722.="" "mythsakers;="" mysterious="" involved="" ease:="" 3322a="" nevesbef="" 1962e="" '"new="" assaseln="" theory."="" won="" noy="" -"hew="" orleans="" cubans:="" ready="" help="" oswald:"="" *phantasmagoria:="" murdered="" lig,="" lloveober="" 3445.="" "policaj="" ubil="" kcinedijar="" vecersts,="" sertie4ski="" 196-300.="" %et="" sark="" nt="" 1s="" mulder.="" murfreesboro.="" n.1="" sword="" 160,114ideld�="" "itienteei="" design?*="" newiheatetileardier,="" septelbst="" 196$,="" sac="" amick.="" crone="" fire="" presidium="" kannedyi="" excerpts'="" trains="" secoada.p_dalles."="" baader="" ?melee="" peet,="" 2741.="" 11901444.="" j.d6-="" 'did="" las="" warvey="" without="" male"="" jaw="" qerk="" avview.="" 466-467.="" diett-,orse="" sum="" alone."="" sestet="" 9.10.="" rill="" jre.="" chicagos="" meal="" pars,="" nomeld.="" 'keened,="" %mem="" salad="" proof="" cossepirecyr="" lma,="" 20631,="" 09-90,="" 92,="" 9446-="" .ew.="" 0..40="" ris="" lyleansi="" cave="" consplacy="" cia.="" newlerki="" cease="" boole.="" si.="" litton.="" gess="" assassins."="" 77.100:="" 31111s="" galted="" oaken="" kansedy="" w.s,k.="" ?import,="" .6="" !ix="" garr="" elements."="" 36...="" carris70717174mtleetion="" measeinaties="" p.asenedts="" aloe="" silence.="" austin'="" research="" publications,="" 148.="" p.s.garrinand="" warren,="" anything="" common?"="" des,="" 196?�="" 11-17,="" issassinatioss="" seabee="" rococo."="" 2122,="" mach="" illibilti0113="" history="" ileadlines."="" neweseek,="" mirth="" 44+.="" janos.="" garrison="" invest1gatio7rwrand="" dean."="" wiens,="" 64.="" math,="" "j.="" garrisan's="" lnvestigati^="" ji16.'.="" pewoweek,="" stay="" 34..="" miles="" cardoso="" sae.="" yaks="" clarke..="" fatter:="" vii="" orleanes="" garrison's="" nv.vvr.h,="" 1947,="" 320="" 'sae="" garrison.'="" rooks.="" 19..29.="" conspiracy."="" in;="" unofficial="" investigator="" quits."="" 73,,="" tjuly="" mei="" chris*.="" orlesnes="" one."="" -a="" 1740.="" lag="" dig="" jim."="" nwereek.="" 105.="" da;="" physicians="" 3-rays."="" l:wa="" ila="" ":ts="" 27:="" iine="" 718="" investigstion."="" fl,="" 17.18.="" iteration."="" 22-23.="" defendant."="" larkseth,="" --"thiffiestss="" actions="" reactions.".="" hew="" orleans,="" 12�13.="" 52-53.="" "carlson."="" tether,="" 3540,="" 42;49-52,="" 54-56,="" 511-60,="" 62-76,="" 79-81.="" hurricane."="" 24+.="" 41s,="" pais.="" conspiratyt="" uneamdesinvd="" report..="" t)e="" 4es="" carlson="" ineessistalces.="" pratt.,="" os="" jim,="" reritare="" stone.="" putnam,="" evidence;="" statements."="" revolter.="" tinder="" fire."="" economia,="" 730.="" people7"17;z:-irmarch="" 29.="" alex.="" "clay="" shaw="" tells="" interview,="" station="" iivue,="" chemist="" "jim="" dia="" transcrirt="" me,="" channel="" livable="" connivance.'="" ti,.,="" :riles.="" "'several="" pizi-claien="" attornay."="" teaser,="" wardlew.="" politics?="" carleton="" cast.="" crispest="" .pelican="" publications.="" :jenotele.="" carrison="" innutrt.="" conmeouences.="" unions="" amp.�="" senlor="" srholantle.="" 19('),="" james.="" re.erlee.="" 4:entenque.="" arrount="" show-jim="" carrieon="" affair="" art:air-new="" orlesns.="" sloop="" 1910,="" ivparltle="" din="" hut="" carrieun."="" tamen,="" 97..100,="" lewd="" kenne.y."="" ,"e,="" fe:ruary="" beets.a."="" "mae="" dock."="" ill*,="" lebeuary="" 1960,="" 26-29..="" "new="" plot.'="" lisolettlehel-sit="" q.="" 1049.="" nooe:das:0,:srieln:o="" 1:2:41::1::::11="" aotacanedipd.="" :::versaties="" wattled="" maury="" playboy,="" 50.6.="" %.="" .?="" phelan,="" 'wald="" orleans:="" vice="" mme="" fteath."="" laturder="" tanineleot,="" $="" 67-71.="" %="" powledge,="" "is="" faking?"="" 13-18.="" *wald."="" tprk="" tilme,menesisse,="" amy="" 32-35.="" rogers,="" "persecution="" cloy="" shaw."="" lei,="" 5346..="" round="" ons."="" rebtuary="" 0.-33.="" "shutting="" mouth."="" dm,="" 411-51.="" "sideshows="" orleans."---haft,="" 40..="" "sitting="" pact="" fenteas="" vii-of="" drugs="" gatsises'a="" taseetigatios."="" 31.,..="" "sleight="" nandi="" garrison's;="" assinimil1011="" lovestisation="" wands="" fiii="" cia."="" penweek.="" "sidling="" rough."="" 27-20.="" smith,="" "jilrazitems="" ills="" !violence:="" pielestet="" cuirass,="" 1$="" "tales="" garrison."="" leonomist,="" math="" 1967,p.="" 1145.="" taste="" pewswea,="" p.-76.="" "thickenialth.flots="" judges="" support="" gaminess's="" theory.="" pwassesk,="" merck="" .2967="" lenses,="" dillien="" "carrie..="" assobowalom="" og="" itemeedy...�="" respects,="" 196s,="" "tae="" seesaw="" h..selleesse.="" 1967'="" p="" 112.="" conspiracy?="" l'estraiiiet="" perry="" russo."="" ;eyewash,="" proved."="" repuh1le,="" touns,="" roger..="" lasetigatioas="" steads="" today."="" moons,="" 111014216stir="" "li="" heirs="" triumph,="" boa="" appeans="" close="" facts;="" !reddest,="" ifillian="" 30�52.="" aesaseination.="" look."="" aseassinationt="" understand="" it?"="" nenweek,="" 211-29.="" "settle="" book;="" ntsso="" sennett.="" ain%1:!-11:eklei="" sobbx,and="" menibpseel="" ileadlisea.="" pork="" lime="" spoke,="" "doak="" backfireds="" ?patient="" 0.6.="" item,="" cafisto,="" l.n.="" "manchester="" anodise="" cam="" killed."="" 'electronic="" oomo9="" apri.="" campos,="" japes="" edgard="" seenes.="" "manchester's="" ihnnweek,="" 21-24.="" churchill.="" randolph="" *the="" manchester="" seek.="" fehtuavy="" colt,="" margaret="" vt.="" look,="" harper="" row;="" interval="" glossary="" techniqz7="" journal,="" 1345.="" "freels="" battle:"="" guardian,="" jeerers="" "mrs.="" suffers="" grief="" sought="" avoid."="" decewher="" corp,="" cunliffs.="" courtier's="" obsequica.4="" (review="" president).="" society,="" 560-581.="" president;="" introduction="" annual="" libraries="" congress="" fiscal="" year="" endina="" 1964."="" ausust="" i"g14:10"6044.40001114="" .114181111git="" ftim="" 111111011."="" plealsovhlis,="" 2042.="" meleudameld="" loral="" rieke="" privacy."="" 1641,="" !find="" hulk="" .a="" istansifies="" imachestar="" attacks="" issaady="" family="" �,..i.pholvotrilwe.kly,="" 8849.="" !iow*,="" imeeth.="" wada="" hrs.="" jaitified="" bringing="" ;he="" t�="" pstettle.="" rept,="" 1967,-="" 1841.="" temiatels;="" 221jubetk..'"iiis.="" up."="" lfert="" reoimief="" ileolu,="" 1142.="" "trials="" cameroun="" fails;="" graceless="" betwoen="" ,"="" p.aagebsstor."="" 'ike="" holiday="" spitita"="" !vvimili".717117nre="" 23....="" liar="" lowe="" inui="" ninnies="" mani:heater's="" buds."="" fewsweek,="" 5643..="" &wilmot="" omsk="" testimays="" !math="" maschaster."="" 51-52.="" nemeelime="" isumedy'o="" victory.="" 1961="" 16-19.="" orate.,="" joachim,="" mainee="" clan.="" mutlichs="" autbot="" erpcitvin.="" author's="" rieht="" write.�="" 2849.="" remsedes1="" teemoraty="" pits."="" 20-21.="" �plaid;="" andrew.="" kamedy="" pool="" battle.="" ne.!.�="" stat..mnsn,="" 956.="" oust,="" 24ward.="" "jacqualine="" plaintiff.'="" mewsweek,="" 39.43.="" tuner,="" raul.="" pert.="" left="" thenemedy="" mallet,="" ismer,="" p:t.1."r.="" 1.tirillient="" mosaic="" events."="" panora..="" mfteeine,="" attie,="" stuart="" "birth="" pains="" posturdly="" oxen,="" d6="" "jfes="" stained="" class="" sage."="" herten*,="" 4-1.="" "outdo..="" lire="" preafdlnts="" charges="" outdoor="" boiled="" callousness="" toward="" patinae'="" treeedy."="" oachester.="" villas.="" manche-star'.="" owe="" lonk,="" aprirrgi:tir,62="" -66.="" lascheater="" books="" emit.="" flaws="" errpt,="" lore's="" lite="" jam="" apse.="" not,="" 25,="" irv.="" reaches="" accord="" 222.="" vim.="" allan.="" 'gargantuan.="" namur="" useful,="" exasperating."="" panorama="" mamma.="" 2-3.="" mob,="" j.11.="" private="" figures."="" �saturday="" equals;="" spreading="" tram.="" jaunty="" 16-17.="" erman.="" george.="" "ille="" century."="" irgis="" maimmine,="" 6-7.="" tun,="" depth="" lauri's%="" payelmanalvtic="" 81-82.="" inas,="" gay.="" carry="" rapers."="" esquire.,="" straight="" wm.="" u.st="" !wart,="" 66-67.="" nteholaa.="" "just="" read="" mamisester."="" statesman,="" 547-548.="" imams.="" barbara="" historian's="" opportunity."="" 27,="" 31,="" 71.="" colder.="" lensace.="" untold="" sem:="" whip="" lost="" teske="" award="" was'o'dommell?"="" zia,="" 78.="" doo="" author;="" mourning="" ltanchester's="" scholastics="" cary.="" "meachester's="" upheaval."="" nationalcothelic="" muerte,,="" dhem,="" francis.="" "mnuchester="" aimed's..="" lyndon="" baines="" :wing="" rift="" ls.?="" bussed's="" furor="" contenting="" larsident.="" roy="" 11,1.="" 1941,="" 22-21.="" 1.,.1.="" teems.="" looks="" lyndon:="" 111.a.ritinate="" power,="" canyon,="" palo="" ihrro="" prces.="" cme="" oftainet="" ludso="" bkishvnon="" asmassination="" repnelz.="" 044="" .2="" f.e="" dark="" nf="" ullman.="" landaus="" dawns,,="" a"o.,="" l.b._="" ,...7ererg_10="" thin(-.="" a:.="" johnsen,="" li.'="" "president's="" proclamation,="" 6,="" 1968."="" speeches,="" lane="" 'meson="" taker="" oath="" mourns="" semioxlehoteatie�,="" 1963,1o.="" omelet,="" 'etcher.="" "alto;="" notse="" �neel="" yobs="" 41210="" huck="" 19111="" 26�281.="" mb,="" ltur.lo="" lincoln,="" evelyn,="" panned,="" jerson.="" rinehart="" neaten="" mcreynolds,="" *attest="" macbeth="" litame."="" opturdsm="" night,="" 0.genbot="" 21.23.="" .12.="" kim="" "accused="" killer,="" dummy="" closed="" eyes."="" 1411,="" 423..="" adams,="" "nsesusies="" lum6-.1art1n="" jr:="" hada,="" 624.="" 150,000="" ore="" king."="" %mid="" inert,="" "assassination."="" j,="" 18-21.="" "assassinatieu="" according="" geol.."="" neap_="" ss.="" "ameassination="" shocks="" nation;="" qui-tit-lease="" sonier_seholutic,="" 18-19.="" sennett,="" lames,="" "martyrdom="" m.l.="" amp="" 174..="" mans="" steer,*="" itlig--thicaget="" "big="" killer."="" reportp="" 64,.="" blair.="" clay.="" strang:.="" ri,.="" butaa="" boutalle="" at.="" memphis.="" 049="" merit="" stove,="" julia,="" glorify="" lint.="" tact="" its.d.3="" camaro.;="" j.h.="" "british="" view="" 164.="" clarke,="" j.v.="" souls.="" "how="" southern="" childrun="" fait="" king's="" irene-act="" 35-60.="" "deepening="" p.m="" hay="" king?"="" rational="" reviev,="" 3764%="" *doctor="" narional="" 376+.="" "doctor="" ring's="" murders="" resale."="" he..="" andlloeld="" revert,="" mara="" p.12.="" nalberstaal="" "are="" murdering="" ring?"="" lbesasio="" 196*,="" 2749+.="" mule,="" 161.="" "story="" jame="" assaulaate="" meeeebac="" 96-97+.="" rule,="" el.="" jam..="" .earl="" ds..14mg.w="" 1st,="" 102404.="" '"jaase="" rays="" manhunt="" and.="" remain."="" jun.="" 1968="" 3446.="" "king.im="" oh,.="" lord."="" 3448.="" lau.,="" louis.="" ye="" angalesa="" holloway="" rouse,="" s."="" tien="" p.21.="" "martin="" kine7net="" know."="" ara....e.dup="" 323.="" "motes="" terber,="" 31-37.="" winery,="" "creston="" enforcemaut="" reader�.="" oblast,="" 6149.="" "ragbag="" whirlwind;="" kyle="" ylsa.e2="" guilty."="" "rmactioes="" slaying="" sf="" luthar="" xing;="" syuposiun."="" americe,="" 334-536.="" "soma="" disturbing="" parallels."="" arts,="" wetter.,="" "seale="" points="" north."="" retiom,="" aprt="" $21143s.="" "where="" ray?"="" nemmeek7,-17-111711="" 31-33.="" nem,="" "widening="" search."="" "willard,="" galt.="" reel"-="" 432.="" woodbury,="" "murder="" clue.'="" handprints,="" car="" chase="" silly="" smile."="" lab="" 40-406="" -"ymar="" later?="" honors="" king;="" violenea,="" too."="" �������="" ...woo="" ip="" in.="" 11081112="" 7.112$0102="" acemsedt="" asd="" sirban."="" 24-34.="" iftereath="" tragedy;="" boy's="" 410i-hetet="" senator="" alsia."="" 17.$01wootand="" 25-28.="" neticam="" flatitsge,="" editors="" af.="" rpx:="" death.="" tont,="" dell,="" sobby="" kenos*,="" record.*="" 11.sl="" move="" 6.8.7="" 50-34.="" prelsyt.="" net="" m�tr="" pewpweek="" j44001,="" 1946,="" paley,="" w.f.,="" ileflections="" sirsho="" trial.'="" national�review="" nerds="" 247.="" enerne,="" j.m.="" 'flom="" realm&="" temmody."="" psemnuenal="" 014.419"="" lerdi,="" *manner="" speaking;="" coverage="" radio="" coverage."="" saturdae,review,="" juts="" 37.="" neableg="" symbols."="" posdesscience="" 979.17�trporter.="" soka4jetence="" *eulogy="" punerel."="" speerbes,="" 1068.="" svath="" democrat."="" p4="" `="" teledmno.="" rpt.="" sam="" pmesiden!,="" torkt="" g.10,="" putnam's="" some,="" 196).="" stood,="" 11.1.="" *sithan="" thumb="" looking="" glans;="" tootimemy="" psychiatrist.*="" 334g,="" 28.="" vire="" chancel"="" event:se="" peat,="" fa.="" votherty,="" riebond.="" torkato="" veep..="" family,="" friends="" body.*="" _iwo="" anitelatt="" juni="" mums.="" rm.="" *pim="" court="" appearance;="" suspect="" impression="" cocky,="" arrogant="" confidence."="" appelep="" :teadly="" vs,="" poetry.;="" wainwright="" whits.�="" �t..="" 32-421).="" ....mu.="" �prather="" delivers="" eulogy="" 'geed="" detest="" lien'."="" anralealleet,="" kin,="" *pay="" jame.'="" ficealla="" jane="" 38+.="" -.este%="" 'travels="" witnawrcosedy."="" ramer's.="" 51-61.="" !ia'.="" sal.="" "iodises:="" teat="" bobby.*="" tor!="" risme="" meeaelme="" 3243.="" ci:kiwis.="" *xemnedy="" stets="" "fttressely="" critical':="" suapect,="" areb="" i:migraut,="" arreirned;="" ft-evident="" puts="" cuard="" candidates."="" tovk="" viers.="" 0%414="" retpl..="" 'am="" cuba:="" insider's="" analysts,="" ct-moves"="" navember="" 273-275.="" .staa.="" reaset="" volt="" senator:="" spx="" amasmaimation.="" random="" sway="" euospiracieer="" mtemity="" chtk,="" scpteebec="" tensed's="" odds.="" pews="" spa="" vocld="" ',wort="" -mdible="" '68:="" shock.'="" jammer,="" 50-37.="" tido="" latent="" sobby-lmj="" break.="" 10.32.="" -no.="" godfrey.="" illoliphert="" fenned="" wee="" tilled.="" frees,="" 10611"="" pt-u).="" sce="" 22-11.="" vv.="" siritan.*="" 11ourour11!,="" kay="" 30+.="" ?r,="" filbert="" illain."troversations="" jail:silk="" lithos,="" mama="" pleatiog="" 1169,="" .-.;="" it,="" pent="" hie.="" growls="" ?moo="" 1910.="" lemedy="" count.'="" aneelms="" -np.="" thome="" love="" (june="" 1968)."="" series.="" am*="" kidek="" cover.="" asesselaatiao:="" religion:="" overtones."="" today,="" -cdy="" candidacy.�="" chriation="" cesturt,="" 1f68,="" 503v.="" leppedy="" caune."="" nm,="" tovveolie="" pp'.="" 3-4.="" tot="" lang="" then="" sttrairth="" mope."="" prlef.="" "susppel="" called="" lucid...strhon="" describes="" hisnelf="" jordanian="" born="" 1.1,5emsalem."="" terk="" tipmc.="" 15614="" !..t.m="" lather."="" t1w1.:-21="" !larch="" 3969,="" yea.="" "pc:sta.:it="" arts="" suujoy="" *o="" ,de?="" movimine."="" 1,21_2111re1ep="" pipe..="" 1....="" ingo="" 1.te.="" r'41,41.141or.,word!="" renrin.="" ,..�="" );�="" "immo="" sae."="" 1966.p.="" is,,="" 'lettere="" editom:"--agix.="" 210614="" 14i.="" wpm,="" abut.="" *srl;="" peent.�r-ilaw="" meetlie,="" ana="" 194rts="" 06="" lyons="" lade="" 'america="" neyefts="" ut.="" serhomette="" litevime.="" $ummer="" lige.1704811="" 1:041144:.="" peas.="" �dams="" mortis="" talks="" *owe="" daimhime,="" mafia,="" ptah="" simmers,="" lomat,="" lobby="" sameady.="" latorwhao="" 8.1w="" r.11..4.'="" mmeatter="" 16-65.="" nsw,="" m.t..="" [swede="" sivilmat="" aye="" itaw="" hems,="" moors,?.="" $it="" tidy="" ia.�="" ape="" iwia="" octehar="" 'mother="" eon.'="" nugatiridge,="" malcolm.="" "llevatias'of="" ili.="" lismoody."="" ,ftan,�="" novisibir="" 19411,="" remoltdy.="" nettie="" tint,tint,11.1.="" mover="" 616="" wood"="" pro="" "noe="" ific="" chews="" plait"="" 0.5.="" seim="" lifted,="" p.36.="" newfield,="" jack.="" "ilsonedy="" lays="" cat="" cempsige."="" mk.="" meek="" 2841.="" torte="" just="" 223.="" 968,="" o'lessk.er.:4="" earl.="" dose="" primary="" stretth.="" imo="" 1041mbi="" 04.$0048="" lialaam="" mel="" 662.="" osborne.="" "nebraska="" primary,="" ifs,="" ands,="" bore.'="" once="" agate.*="" ilemeweek,="" aims="" 20-40.="" "once="" main.="" ilitt1="" 44.43inl.testismay="" prossoatimee="" psychiatrist."="" aoki="" 1949s="" "psychiatry="" natienel="" nay="" 427-428.="" reaves,="" hiding="" 1968.*="" toth="" naiades,="" match="" patch,="" ran.="" "mccarthy="" suspends="" activities;="" asks="" prayer="" mules,="" 2.12_ea.="" p.s="" raich!sy.="" a.j.="" "he's="" summing="" nismelf="" race.'="" yortune,="" 112-u.="" "mfr.="" 65="" (1968),="" 8076408.="" "rfki="" lbe="" sob="" knew."="" jae!="" entire="" issue.="" *rpm="" dream,="" tragedy.="" lima="" 16.1e.="" riess's,="" kennedy.*="" papidillc.="" "robert="" mooed',="" snd="" negro."="" ebony.="" gamete,="" siva.1"364rhan="" sails..="" literary="" negotiatitma.*="" require,="" navahos="" warren.="" "lobby's="" decision."="" heell.="" 72-80.="" rotate.="" stanley="" trottel'.="" ttleis="" tnem."="" 3i="" �16.="" rovers.="" ."letters="" washington."="" 90-96.="" scheer,="" rebut.="" dameerte,,="" 5448.="" schlesinger,="" xennody:"="" 39-.40.="" "second="" lobby."="" "selectivity="" angeles.4-74e,="" 3111116,="" asia.="" shiva:.="" "shock="" violence="" hits="" campaign.*="" &mines'="" we.lt,="" 3842.="" "stets:="" guilty.*="" ms.="" "sichan="" stand."="" somovrot.="" rooth="" 1363.="" "sithans="" absiiirrlitsraveek.="" 326.="" "lichen's="" trance;="" newness!,="" "sithen'a="" verdict."="" 21-22.="" "socking="" 'est="" travels="" bobby."="" 2243.*="" sorensen.="" "rldi="" mesoir.="" reeder,="" stelnbacher.="" rpm="" nan,="" waticism.="" murder.="" sassiest.="" 'sport="" publishers.="" "t.r.s.="" washingtont="" who's="" reemblio,="" *taking="" oath."="" "test="" case:="" responses="" tests."="" 94-95.="" abbssoinatiods."="" 3,rity="" nne.="" no74-6168),="" 13-16,="" "toward="" gas="" chsober."="" 'ft:mussed,="" dorothy.="" "witness="" repotts="" girl="" 'we="" hi.'.'="" 1,..aneeles="" timm.="" jusm="" imarn="" o�="" `1%="" "verdict="" si:han."="" wsweveek.="" 1469.="" 41+.="" weiss,="" x.="" nanamic--"illloctions="" seventeen,="" 1114-="" 199.="" waa="" sithaa's="" mind?"="" 3132,="" wick.="" "tha="" crean="" priaary."="" pp.-043.="" "win="" lea..="" pluvara.="" .14150="" 1468.="" 21-41.="" wlse.="" "itav="" plans="" win="" saturimy="" eventns="" posta="" 27.47.="" "witnesses="" speak."="" newry="" work.="" jump="" yoakum.="" robert.="" "kmanttly="" necarthy:="" 1965..1967="" voting-rscord."="" sow="" it's="" detector="" tapes="" voice="" o'toole="" mmeram="" c-3="" rulers="" ttie="" privilege="" lying,="" abroad;="" allowed="" state.="" �plato:="" frightening.="" machine="" listen="" you're="" saying="" tell,="" high="" degree="" reliability,="" lying.="" stress="" evaluator,="" effect,="" detector.="" unlike="" polygraph,="" needs="" subject;="" therefore="" knowledge.="" voice,="" tape,="" sound="" track="" phonograph="" fair="" game="" machine.="" year,="" instruments="" my="" hands.="" resolved="" darkest="" recent="" history,="" collecting="" lay="" hands="" knowledge="" affair.="" soon="" tape-="" recorded="" twenty-two="" persons�eyewitnesses.="" policemen,="" pathologist="" conducted="" autopsy,="" commission,="" garrison,="" shaw,="" even="" pse="" systematically,="" taking="" controversial="" point="" turn.="" rifle="" belonged="" killer?="" involved?="" those="" autopsy="" photo-="" graphs="" never="" saw�do="" commission's="" lone-gunman,="" single-bullet="" itself?="" conspire="" cover="" truth?="" slowly="" picture="" emerged.="" blurred,="" expected.="" there,="" guarantee="" this:="" lone-gunman="" government-conspiracy="" others,="" way="" wrong.="" crystal="" ball.="" invented="" interrogation="" aid,="" function="" performs="" well.="" knowledge,="" instance="" toot="" research.="" with.="" pse,="" some-="" device="" itself.="" evaluator="" met="" inventors,="" allan="" bell,="" jr.,="" mcouiston.="" former="" lieutenant="" colonels,="" retired="" army="" ago="" dektor="" security.="" inc.="" logical="" career="" men.="" experts="" technology="" espionage.="" pick="" lock="" door="" less="" find="" key.="" colonel="" wears="" belt="" karate,="" accomplished="" swordsman="" small-arms="" expert,="" dozen="" inventions="" credit,="" anti-bugging="" devices="" miniaturized="" microdot="" camera.="" mcouiston="" foremost="" polygraph="" u.s..="" specialist="" audio="" surveillance,="" qualified="" locksmith.="" polygraph.="" standard="" polygraphs="" lira="" four="" veriables:="" pulse,.="" blood="" ores-="" re.spii;rtion="" perspiration.="" neasure="" addqional="" pkysiological="" van-="" variables="" measured,="" re;="" iabie="" asid="" mcoui$ton="" encies="" composing="" human="" ot="" fixed:="" shift="" very="" slightly="" fourteen="" second.="" ;;ie="" speaker="" stress,="" nor-="" requency="" modulation="" disappears.="" remains="" pure="" component="" fre-="" :ies="" voice.="" strong="" indica-="" :at="" developed="" priencmanon="" planned="" add:richa!="" "channel"="" poly-="" :#="" )1e="" reiiaole="" accurate="" :ire="" psychvogical="" variac!es.="" ed="" rte="" necessity="" strapping="" ct="" chair.="" stretching="" pneumo-="" ic="" tube="" acrcss="" :nest,="" gluing="" elec-="" pa'rris.="" clamping="" arm="" blood-pressure="" cuff,="" preyed="" much="" r�cre="" versatile="" tele-="" recorder,="" :al="" presence="" ied="" colons:="" tell="" things="" for,="" ially="" cases="" conventional="" �aph="" used.="" he.="" howard="" county,="" maryland,="" using="" years;="" lad="" great="" success="" establishing="" mce="" suspects="" examination="" machine's="" forbidding="" aspect.="" describe="" ion's="" uses,="" actual="" potential.="" ex-.="" defense="" skyjack-="" telephoned="" bomb="" threats,="" speeding="" customs="" inspec-="" doctors="" .psychiatrists="" pses="" patients'="" stress.="" igate="" aerial="" phenomena,="" ufo="" sing="" sightings.="" ced="" lend="" ariment="" with,="" write="" piece="" device.="" agreed,="" first.="" dektor's="" three-day="" operating="" instrument;="" 'sing="" mahon="" output="" staff,="" rest="" accuracy.="" rea-="" agreed.="" :ourse="" meeting="" )1iday="" inn="" falls="" church.="" virginia.="" ht="" otherstuderilts-were="" employees="" tomers="" purchased="" included="" detective="" pennsylvania.="" chain="" african="" country.="" instructor="" mike="" kradz,="" criminologist="" officer.="" kradz="" projects="" tough-cop="" image,="" living="" rebuttal="" po-="" lisn="" joke.="" nothing="" science,="" polygraphy.="" ar,="" eapert.="" morning="" course="" devoted="" operation="" pse.="" usectin="" conjunction="" uher="" recorder.="" whicn="" speeds="" manually="" wound="" back="" locate="" particular="" tape.="" evaluated="" speed="" inches="" second,="" therrptayed="" stopped="" beginning="" utter-="" ance="" question.="" recorder="" slowed="" 15.'16="" piayed.="" sound.="" longer="" recognizable="" long,="" rumble.="" built="" attache="" case.="" opens="" reveal="" chart="" drive.="" sim-="" ilar="" electrocardiograph,="" buttons="" knobs.="" single="" cable="" nects="" turn,="" rumble="" speaker,="" stylus="" dances="" across="" moving="" paper,="" leaving="" ragged="" trail.="" stopped,="" that's="" result="" strip="" squiggly="" line.="" eye="" brain.="" afternoon="" day,="" showed="" for.="" unstressed="" untrimmed="" hedge,="" stalks="" heights="" sticking="" (and="" down)="" irregular="" intervals.="" add="" hedge="" begins="" trimmed.="" read,="" doubted�="" official="" account="" shape.="" experiencing="" accom-="" panies="" deception,="" over-alf="" outline="" figure="" tends="" rectangular="" shape,="" concertina="" player.="" slide="" charts="" dur-="" ing="" interrogations.="" background="" pointed="" tell-tale="" signs="" when-="" ever="" present.="" student="" took="" practice="" coordination="" learned="" facile="" handling="" clearly="" difficult="" part="" learning="" how="" interpret="" charts.="" next="" all,="" "outside="" issue."="" people,="" sort="" deep="" want="" faced="" exami-="" concerned="" outside="" come="" substance="" interrogation.="" irrele-="" vant="" answers,="" mis-="" lead="" examiner.="" neces-="" sary="" examiner="" sub-="" ject="" examination,="" go="" intends="" ask,="" assure="" ask="" questions.="" reason="" later.="" always="" discussed?".="" answer="" sign="" eliminates="" outside-issue="" also,="" innocuous="" questions,="" as,="" "do="" blue?"="" observe="" subject's="" tension.="" "red-herring"="" red="" herring="" identify="" "guilt="" complex="" responder."="" responds="" accusatory="" steal="" watch?"="" money,="" watch,="" missing.="" stressed="" denial="" alert="" who.="" carefully="" compares="" response="" produced="" missing="" money.="" given="" cases.="" examiner,="" case,="" knew="" matter.="" assigned="" cerned="" accused="" stealing="" father's="" store.="" started="" asking="" "outside-issue"="" replied,="" hadn't="" discussed.="" place:="" live="" county?'="" "yes."="" someone="" money?"="" wearing="" shirt?'="" "no."="" red-herring="" response.="" shirt="" ring="" elicited="" irrelevant="" issues.="" charted="" un-="" stressed.="" suspecting="" ������="" ol������="" vearing="" ring'?"="" fact,="" yes="" accompanied="" onbe="" the'class="" slides.="" me.="" asked.="" didn't="" think="" nodded.="" ispect="" money?="" yes,="" ;ht="" did.="" good,="" kradz.="" else="" interroga-="" well,="" ring.="" perhaps="" smiled.="" kid="" anged="" rings="" nobody="" ,----="" tewgengi="" .04="" mt="" ��������������="" 1.0.1000="" really="" expect="" asked="" him.="" still,="" mentioned,="" panicked.="" ie="" course,="" begun="" might="" particularly="" fact="" deviceiworks="" ing.="" sound-recording="" century="" (edison="" graph="" 1877),="" enormous="" stored="" tracks,="" wire="" ings.="" es,="" interviews="" pronounce-="" away="" world,="" ques-="" ould="" settled="" certain="" situation.="" wondered="" hoped,="" tool="" during="" lunch="" break="" aside="" out-="" side="" interrogations,="" telling="" hap-="" pened?="" said,="" confident="" however,="" careful="" reaching="" clusions="" cause;="" deception.="" controversy="" dimmed="" mind,="" dull="" residue="" doubt.="" despaired="" there:="" cameras="" eyewitnesses,="" examiners,="" somewhere="" network-television="" vault="" tiny,="" inaudible="" variations="" frequency="" settle="" alone,="" shoot="" immediate="" getting="" prints="" may,="" words="" pattern="" event,="" uncovered="" encouraged,="" reviewed="" mysteries.="" watergate="" was,="" mind.="" ill'="" interest.="" kent="" inci-="" cleared="" up.="" loom="" rest�the="" lane's="" out.="" carefully.="" criticism="" findings.="" doubted="" ac-="" count="" waited="" emerge.="" didn't.="" recordings.="" networks="" them.="" wasn't="" sure="" exactly="" thousands="" where,="" among="" talk,="" testimony?="" digging="" existence="" located="" directory="" bob="" committee's="" director.="" smith="" writer="" wanted="" fenster-="" us0="" ;ron'="" 47="" successful="" criminal="" committee,="" modern="" building="" blocks="" small,="" dapper="" beard.="" lean,="" intense="" smclier.="" ectn="" appeared="" ir="" forties.="" �fore="" t.�egin."="" said.="" "i="" ive="" run="" often,="" k-3hhedy.="" absurd="" d:n="" beiieve="" worked="" ano="" saw="" any-="" suggest.';="" assass;^a:ion.="" thougn:="" :apab!e="" doing="" bitter="" experience="" jspicion="" attaches="" ?.nce="" office's.="" epidemics="" paranoia="" accorcany="" iter="" get="" ssue="" way.="" ith="" siied.="" ley="" necessarily="" .sin="" taliiing="" employee.="" ieved.="" began="" project.="" dimly="" described="" avice="" detail="" tool.="" im-="" understood="" proposing="" tremendously="" enthusiastic.="" yes.="" ;aid.="" somewhere,="" glad="" mpile="" specific="" references="" .me.="" ermore,="" could,="" cases,="" waiting,="" experimented="" 3e.="" friend="" willing="" iy="" !d.="" picked="" an.="" tasked="" him,="" one?"="" two?"="" ered="" rises,="" back.="" picked,="" five.="" dumbfounded.="" �ig="" elaborate="" expense.="" hen="" correctly="" iden-="" realized="" serious.="" shocked.="" iayed="" ,hers="" similar="" drily="" narrow="" down="" iers.="" cor-="" player="" knows="" ;$="" socially="" acceptable="" mere="" stake.="" wnich="" accompanies="" deception="" nnta="" ined="" minutes="" program="" wallace="" interviewed="" clifford="" irving.="" height="" controversy,="" while="" claiming="" gotten="" hughes'="" series="" inter-="" views="" billionaire.="" consum-="" mate="" job="" embellish-id="" convincing="" irving's="" disagreement="" colleague="" susskind="" hughes="" kept="" organic="" prunes="" plastic="" bag.="" re-ran="" segment="" confession="" man's="" sheer="" virtuosity="" prevaricator="" amazing.="" reason:="" passed="" beaten="" beat="" suggested="" hughes,="" pened="" transcripts="" state-="" ments.="" rejoined,="" happen="" transcripts?"="" irv-="" got="" hughes."="" perfect="" example="" total="" horizontally="" blocked,="" smooth,="" "trimmed-hedge"="" form.="" master="" liar,="" caught="" meeting,="" visited="" downtown="" gave="" typewritten="" transcript.="" louis="" lomax="" sunday,="" liebler,="" guest.="" entitled="" war-="" ren="" broadcast="" one-hour="" segments="" 26,="" examined="" programs="" narrated="" walter="" cronkite="" newsmen.="" major="" raised="" interviewing="" police-="" men,="" ballistic="" special-="" ists="" inside="" gold="" mine.="" program's="" played="" lo-max-liebler="" apparently="" eariier="" program,="" liebler="" rebut="" agitated,="" breathing="" audibly="" indicated="" hd="" angry="" reac-="" studio="" audience.="" emotional="" seem="" promising="" nonetheless,="" decided="" give="" try.="" charting="" tedious="" process.="" impractical="" program:="" liebler's="" pute="" discovered,="" deal="" pretty="" charged="" liebler:="" audience="" argumenta-="" tive="" factual="" points.="" lieb-="" ler,="" though,="" statement,="" lomax,="" doubt="" conclusions="" [warren]="" plenty="" evident,="" .report�they="" locked="" archives.="" alter="" opinion.="" literally,="" question,="" docu-="" ments="" already="" done="" whatever="" meant,="" answered="" quickly,="" "oh,="" none,="" all."="" here="" confused="" fuzzy,="" i'd="" known:="" uebler="" upset="" program.="" hoped="" yield="" enlightening="" results.="" finally="" cbs's="" arrived.="" broke="" traffic="" laws="" returning="" apartment.="" mounted="" interest,="" nights,="" finished,="" splitting="" headache,="" kitchen="" floor="" ankle="" clearer="" idea="" feel="" offer="" reader="" commentsand="" penthouse="" a!d.="" it.rias="" vaiidated="" to!="" ;iist.;�reseerch.="" though="" fvras="" ,,�tiith="" the.="" ue-3c.1="" way,="" atte:npt="" easier="" demonstrate="" pecker="" :s="" trutn="" iyino.="" caused="" )ter="" rizcn="" deception:="" ab-="" extremely="" reliable="" trutnfulness.="" stress.does="" int="" true.="" y="" assass-at;on="" tapes.="" ig:e="" irs!an.se="" say="" :pro.="" con:="" �ct="" mysej="" lice,="" suits="" be-="" rot="" mora:ly="" indi-="" ras="" tei.:ng="" trutn.="" .nethe!ess.="" iematical="" prooatility="" overwhelming="" _od="" better="" illus-="" han="" gar-="" ;on,="" recalled,="" solved="" asses-="" presented="" businessman.="" .4rs.="" 'e="" -ncers="" 3cy.="" hour-long="" pro-="" 3ns..="" interview.="" hostile="" firm,="" iere's="" (that="" car-="" ]="" individuals="" ....there="" conspirators]="" dealy="" oncontroversial="" ger-="" controt:="" kilted="" theater="" 1),"="" ints="" rongiy="" invo:vement="" conspir-="" denying="" knowing="" rvey="" control="" nt.="" heavily="" throughout.="" surprising.="" conspiring="" �interviewed="" )r1="" cameras.="" cool="" customer="" show="" :e="" ng="" encouraging="" valid="" linking="" then,="" time-honored="" tradi-="" prosecutors,="" shaw's="" easily="" resuit="" predicament,="" situation="" ambiguous.="" odom.="" bwiinessman,="" attempting="" explain="" coincidence="" numbers.="" 11906="" notebooks="" tes-="" timony.="" odom="" notebook,="" into.="" shaw's.="" odom's="" number,="" shaw.="" whom="" he'd="" chance="" trip="" orleans.="" statement.="" unrelated="" comparison.="" obvious="" alternative="" explana-="" example,="" proved="" witnesses'="" able="" arrive="" rather="" unsavory="" allegations="" charges.="" uncomfortable="" himself="" anyway.="" numbers="" suspicious,="" 'both="" filled="" numbers,="" remote.="" wonder="" vision="" issue"="" thoroughly="" rattle="" average="" that,="" lying="" going="" checked="" programs�public="" gruesome="" accident.="" occasional="" reached="" level="" finding="" recalled="" put="" mind="" point:="" analyze="" and-so"="" accuracy="" 94="" percent.="" obviously="" gurvich="" aide="" until="" ne="" resigned.="" charging="" wrong-="" doing.="" arrested."="" cer-="" tain="" illegal="" unethical="" alleged="" staff.="" answered,="" "yeah,="" ordered="" gurvich's="" wnat="" saying.="" .not="" timony="" large="" wit-="" nesses="" create="" detailed="" garrison-shaw="" rtseems="" probable.="" least.="" jury)="" likely="" completely="" innocent="" complic-="" ity="" lesson="" episode="" twofold.="" first,="" person's="" decep-="" tion.="" witnesses,="" on.the="" widow,="" marina.="" unfortu-="" nately,="" tapes�that="" owned="" rifle.="" truth.'="" debate="" centered="" points:="" mannlicher-c.arcanb="" school="" depository,="" gun="" mur-="" weapon.="" tapes,="" darrell="" tomlinson,="" hospital,="" testified="" bullet="" stretcher="" carried="" ment.="" joseph="" nicol,="" superintendent="" illinois.="" fragments="" limou-="" sine,="" intact="" tom-="" linson.="" nicol="" fired="" mannlicher-carcano.="" too.="" constable="" seymour="" weitzman="" mannlicher-carcano="" sixth="" depository.="" mauser.="" signed="" affidavit="" effect.="" mistaken="" point,="" rrable="" atrolihan="" gerald="" ld="" three-="" spent="" hulls="" window="" fatal="" ts="" fired.="" principal="" thc="" link="" veld="" itiated="" supplied="" 311istics="" expert="" substantiate="" claims="" discovery="" hospital="" recounted="" hospi-="" deliberately="" planted="" there.="" famous="" "single="" bullet"="" rren="" trie="" malty,="" lodged="" connally's="" 3t.="" researchers="" tried="" eat="" firing="" type="" wrist="" cadaver.="" iained="" perfectly="" intact,="" stretcher,="" became="" twisted="" lumps="" ead="" cooper.="" assination="" charge="" cer="" tippitt.="" policeman,="" shooting.="" eyewitnesses="" :they="" tippitt,="" hem,="" domingo="" benavides;="" ved="" lere="" vald="" "no.="" sir,="" iii."="" absolutely="" killing="" tippitt="" fueled="" fires="" farfrom="" usual-="" together="" nightclub.="" theorize="" conspiracy,="" pitt="" draw.="" dispatcher,="" ;cer="" murray="" ught="" "no,"="" lied,="" kson="" oswald?="" kson.="" either."="" ivy="" .erhaps="" greatest="" �ersy="" claim="" gunman.="" gunsmoke="" rn="" hillock="" ahead="" sidential="" motorcade.="" knov-s-"the="" grassy="" knoll."="" railroad="" ker="" named="" s.m.="" holland,="" observed="" confirmed="" puff="" smoke="" knoll,="" brehm,="" skull="" flying="" rear="" limousine.="" offered="" knoll.="" brehm="" heatedly="" context,="" emphatic-="" ally="" denied="" despite="" almost="" jacks="" police,="" riding="" limousine="" vice-="" johnson,="" direction="" de-="" gree="" caroline="" walther,="" arnold="" rowland="" brennan,="" gunmen="" win-="" dows="" depository="" building.="" walther.="" armed="" rifle,="" warren:="" "we="" explored="" involved"="" shorter="" gun.="" elderly="" negro,="" window.="" relied="" gunman="" window"="" actually="" shots.="" witnesses.="" analysis="" eyewitnesses'="" supports="" holland's="" brehm's="" direction,="" raises="" counter-="" claims.="" notorious="" unreliability="" eyewit-="" nesses,="" compounded="" fabrication.="" here,="" motivated="" merely="" desire="" attention.="" darker="" reasons.="" shed="" existence,="" assas-="" sins="" brings="" dubious="" element="" ver-="" sion="" event�the="" nedy="" rushed="" emergency="" mal-="" colm="" physi-="" cian="" massive="" head="" smaller="" throat.="" tracheos-="" tomy,="" cutting="" throat="" attempt="" passage.="" afterward,="" abandoned,="" declared="" entry="" wound.="" flown="" approximately="" eight="" shooting,="" bethesda="" hospital.="" tracheostomy,="" ob-="" served="" overlooked.="" later,="" consulting="" doctors,="" pathologists="" concluded="" exit="" wounds,="" scalp="" base="" neck;="" head.="" confusion="" agents="" reported="" in'="" back,="" corre-="" sponding="" located..="" diagrams="" confirm="" showing="" lower="" wounds="" shoulders,="" neck.="" 'of="" bullet?="" dropped="" external="" heart="" massage.="" struck="" x-rays="" au-="" topsy="" made.="" brain="" removed="" body.="" skin="" tissue="" slides="" microscopic="" examine-="" remarkably,="" relying="" instead="" solely="" captain="" .1.="" humes,="" incredible="" disappearance="" brain,="" slides,="" photographs,="" 'which="" archives="" humes="" brought="" evasive.="" wound,="" talking="" stead="" difficulty="" .such="" determination="" atten-="" saving="" presi-="" dent's="" interviewer="" directly="" "actually.="" i;didn't="" thought."="" replied.�he�="" rf'="" ira="" ut="" _ac="" ire".="" :d="" mad:,="" ro="" definite="" intarvie::="" nformative.="" !'ad="" re-examined="" aided-="graphs" x-rays,="" thern="" :enoth="" durino="" t...een="" intended="" precisely="" iocation="" wounds.="" how-="" prcduced="" sketch="" which,="" represent="" locations="" accu-="" interite...ver="" "your="" lation="" verify="" iunds="" wet-="" shown="" here?"="" sir,"="" ke="" replied.="" :-e="" "no,="" sir.="" not."="" moderate="" encugh="" suggest="" ck="" ound?"there="" gain="" again="" moderate.="" gether,="" "there="" entrance="" exit.-="" lard.="" to-="" "posteriorly,="" or-scalp.="" 'es,="" indeed="" can."="" nterview="" saying,="" frequent="" flick-="" occasion-="" nearly="" sometimes="" easy="" iterviewer="" "bot-="" a"="" question:="" conclusion,="" ferent="" ideas,="" :er="" seeing="" [the="" photographsj="" ;han="" time?-="" replied="" humes.="" iar="" closely,="" "many="" commis-="" tress="" hard.="" specter.="" rincipal="" investigators,="" spoke="" fitted="" crim-="" whouse="" formed="" whitewash="" facts.="" mccloy.="" thing,="" credible="" contrddiut="" findings="" backed="" this.="" failed="" when,="" fraudulent="" specter="" mccloy="" truthful-="" report-what="" et..^vut="" it?="" snippinj="" off="" ends,="" suppression="" pieces="" inconvenient="" conflicted="" version="" essentially="" expected="" informed="" himself.="" declined="" appear="" 1972,="" .we="" "n0="" evidence"="" bran-="" deis="" recollections.="" once.="" viewer,="" abram="" sachar,="" chancellor="" university,="" friendly="" deferen-="" tial.="" warren's="" remarks="" unstressed.="" sachar="" obliquely,="" volunteered="" lengthy="" immediately="" as-="" sassination="" theories,="" khrushchev="" killing,="" right-wing="" oilmen="" responsible.="" said:="" months="" continued:="" evidence.'="" everything."="" um%="" ova="" 1.olivirilou="" ul="" viijill5lqfl="" severely,="" founclthat="" discover="" determin-="" did."="" "never="" "trimmed="" hedge."="" time."="" continued.="" change="" view,="" expect,="" "nothing"="" beautiful="" stress:="" "member."="" thinking="" particular?="" janu-="" russell,="" vealed="" acted="" alone.="" thousand="" small="" fraction'="" departments.="" led="" others.="" them,="" reconstructed,="" identities="" assassins="" co-conspirators.="" sooner="" gone="" resources="" free-lance="" permit.="" what,="" sample="" processed="" assassination?="" found,="" strongly="" following:="" park-="" land="" least="" eyewitness="" believes="" equally="" com-="" mission's="" validity="" support,="" phi,="" another.="" no*="" 111="" if.01="" matching="" iid's-rifle="" place.="" "qswald="" sitory.="" lifferent="" assy="" witness="" knoll="" policeman="" pathologist�the="" infor-.="" autopsy�that="" x-rays�="" jtopsy="" lission="" fraudu-="" pout="" iission="" y;="" report's="" issed;="" blication="" er.who="" conclusions.="" 1114.11uelles="" oeception,="" mu:nesting="" aria="" unexpected="" possibility="" emerges:="" force="" volved,="" impli-="" cated="" exam-="" iner="" doubts.="" acy="" package="" public.="" pen,="" nothing.="" washing-="" ton="" blundering.="" certainty="" equals="" unfor-="" tunately.="" generated="" staggering="" fresh="" rises="" sinister="" implications="" members.="" remains:="" result,="" issue?="" rt="" cross-mocked="" structured="" interrogation,="" sorne="" probability="" accepted="" carted="" yet="" establish="" pick,="" sake="" discussion,="" ridicu-="" lously="" high-70="" assuming="" percent="" finds="" now,="" let's="" ignore="" eyewitnesses;="" present,="" resulted="" leaves="" "in-="" siders"="" demonstrated="" supporting="" policemen="" hill.="" jacks.="" jackson="" weitzman;="" iner,="" humes;="" staffer="" lieblen="" john-="" mccloy;="" "outside�="" issue,"="" instances="" factors="" deception?="" elementary="" proba-="" bility="" seven-tenths="" eighth="" words,="" fairly="" conservative="" assumptions,="" per-="" cent="" opinion?="" lcnow.="" was.="" bothered="" know.="" another,="" suppose="" mystery.="" ports,="" bloodstained="" clothing,="" wherever="" hidden.="" things.="" answering="" maybe="" 'certain="" ;hese="" concealing="" somethin.="" mean="" conceivably="" files="" wrong="" �we,="" haven't="" full="" 1993.="" gee="" q4..33="" :ctions="" bullets:="" 64="" 68="" p2="" near-assassination="" evidence?="" shots?="" concerted="" ithhold="" facts?="" ,as="" assassinations?="" share="" conference="" sponsored="" georgetown="" gaston="" hall="" nov.="" 23-24="" 1520="" n.w..="" 232-1152="" decade="" sylvanus="" olympio="" abdul="" karim="" kassem="" medgar="" evers="" "ngo"="" dinh="" diem="" jigme="" dorp="" adib="" shishakli="" pierre="" ngendandumwe="" hassan="" ali="" mansour="" malcolm="" viola="" liuzzo="" mario="" mendez="" montenegro="" abubakar="" balewa="" j.t.v.="" ironsi="" aguiyi="" hendrik="" verwoerd="" tran="" rockwell="" �che="" guevara="" eduardo="" mondlane="" tom="" mboy="" shermarke="" �salvadore="" allende="" 1973'="" friday="" 1:00="" registrants="" passes.="" 1:30="" welcome:="" executive,="" director,="" mailer,="" forwarder="" fifth="" estate="" 0:00="" status="" prominent="" cases:="" research,="" rfk="" hanson,="" attorney,="" counsel="" sirhan="" lesar,="" ronald="" doren,="" newsman,="" researcher="" bremer="" rode,="" professor="" college,="" authority="" 11:30="" usiique="" techniques:="" moderator="" agent,="" numerous="" techniques.="" 'mr.="" writer,="" (psychological="" evaluator)="" saltzman="" computer="" engineer,="" fhis="" 12:30="" 2:00="" josiah="" thompson,="" haverford="" seconds="" cyril="" wecht="" duquesne="" university;="" coroner="" pittsburgh,="" pa.="" meagher="" official,="" accessories="" hanson="" herbert="" macdonnell="" criminalistics,="" corning="" hampton="" judgment="" executive="" 6:00="" dinner="" 8:30="" fiction="" lecture="" 9:30="" media:="" henry="" faulk,="" humorist="" fear="" kaiser="" freed="" frame="" charach="" noyes="" legacy="" cook="" conspiracy:="" sprague,="" popkin,="" &weld="" col.="" fletcher="" prouty="" pentagon="" cia;="" brown="" officer;="" attempts="" golz="" reporter="" news;="" organized="" crimes="" victor="" marchetti="" agent;="" dale="" scott="" berkeley;="" 5:00="" workshops="" speakers="" sessions="" ���i="" ...�="" ource,5="" hods="" uv="" -ved="" 'i="" 3ditor.of="" "who's="" cia"="" sirs:="" ".�"����,="" mauerstrasse="" 69="" 1066="" berlin="" 66="" opportunity="" offering="" you:="" ("gelbe="" liste:="" v�="" ist="" cia")="" presents="" anywhere="" documentation="" alphabetical="" 400="" disguised="" subsidised="" organisations="" institutions="" civilian="" military="" network="" north,="" africa="" list"="" �or="" language.="" price="" copy,="" inclusive="" air="" postal="" costs,="" $2.001or="" corresponding="" currencies="" rates).="" receipt="" check.="" grateful="" mention="" publica�="" topical="" interest="" ��������aa="" 11..="" sel,="" cowarrree="" assa.ssination="" .7="" ..�="" �t.."="" ���11.:�������="" �4�������-��="" se.="" .%="" %utz.="" �,;="" ���*:="" .01="" ,:e01="" r"....e."����="">. � y 1. 1100 7098549e Roam. ������ 1 I wish ....copies of the "Yellow List: Wbe h CIA?" in the ..... language. (Germar or English) . ...t9 I enclose a check for . 2- ----- (sum and currency) Name or Company .......39.CLF-A;S 1-.11"Ai7+114) Address . . . .4.),.......�.,,, I jo ..-- . IX� p../116.1 Country iA.).A.. -c.";;.. ---P c..., z, 0 0 0 b �� ORDE ' � � .� ' � : � . BLANK � � C riDr- T; � ������ � 13-00000 Eric Starvo Galt, aka Harvey Lowrnyer and John Willard (Eyes drawn in by FBI artist) DOCUMENT AS REF-LT:R:0 TO -a:L- -9173 913 13-00000 � � -���� � ...... 13-00000 � r. 13-00000 � I � pm��� DOCUMENT AS RE.7Ear.::o To 13-00000 CIVIL RIGHTS - CONSPIRACY INTERSTATE FLIGHT - ROBBERY 1.0.4132 4410 WANTED �JA S ALIASEicStarvoHa ve Lo er lames cBride. Jam Conner James Walton. Ja es al on. John Willard. "Jim' BY FBI Pfrotsprmais taken 1960 e: � FBI No. 405,942 G 16 M 9 U 000 12 M 4 W 101 Photograph taken 1963 (eyes drum ty arti sir A Federal warrast was issued ow April 17, 1968, at Birniagliam, Alabama. dimpag Ray is Eric Starve Gait with conspir Code. Sectiow_2111._ A.Sedera,1,1_rar_rast was also issued do July 20. 1967, ayeffersow City. Ili_ssou_ri._ch_arturf_hy 'frith 1:77....-3_echos. 13731. � 11 em/c1- gar DESCRIPTION AOrnt1urh 111,1918.1ItoulUinois HEIG1F17�EYES: blue WEIGHT: 163 to 174 pounds COMPLEXION: medium BUILD: medium RACE: white HAIR: brorm, possibly cut short NATIONALITY: American OCCUPATIONS: baker, color matcher, laborer SCARS AND MARKS: small scar on center of forehead and small scar on palm of right hand REM S: noticeably protruding left ear: reportedly is a lone wolf: allegedly attended dance instruction school: has reportedly completed course in bartending IMINAL RECORD u er's Ray armed rob and vehicle witho has LL S PritUllikiney Or consent. CAUTION RAY IS SOUGHT IN CONNECTION WITH A MURDER WHEREIN THE VICTIM WAS SHOT. CONSIDER ARMED AND EXTREMELY DAN- GEROUS. ing te interfere with a Caastibitional Right of a citizen (Title interstate Flight to Avoid_Confinement for theiiiiii-o1Roliber�y1Title 18, " IF YON KAYE INFONAUT= MEOW THIS PERSON, PLEASE CONTACT YOUR LOCAL FN OFFICE. aigra-gra-r-- WPM MAIM AND ADDRESSES OF AIL EN CfRCES LLSTED ON Ma. Identification Order 4132 April 20, 1368 ,������ DOCUMENT' ;.3.� 7TO W- 4(-�J-4. 9/7, Director Federal au of Investigation Washington. D. C. 20535 13-00000 � a � � . . D_OCUMENT AS . . .1 RF.:7-17,7.-ID TO - 1-1-74Q41/5-- 13-00000 CIVIL RIGHTS CONSPIRACY ERICSTARVCk.GALT FBI No. 405,942 G 14 t,T�F474' Photograph taken 1968 (eyes drawn by artist) Photograph taken 1968 I : 1 1 Lii 0 13-00000 Age: Height: Weight: Build: Hair: Occupation: Remarks: DESCRIPTION 36, born July 20,1931 (not supported by biith records) �5'8" to 5'11" Eyes: Blue or hazel 160 to 175 pounds Complexion: Medium Medium �Race: White Brown, possibly cut short Has claimed employment as seaman Noticeably protruding left ear; reportedly is a lone wolf; allegedly attended dance instruction school; has reportedly completed course in bartending. CAUTION &-1 ,GALT IS SOUGHT IN CONNECTION WITH A MURDER WHEREI-N THE VICTIM WAS SHOT. CONSIDER ARMED AND EXTREMELY DANGEROUS. , � - -A Federal warrant was issued on April 17, 1968, at Birmingham, Alabama, charging Galt with con- spiring to interfere with a Constitutional Right of a citizen (Title 18; U. S. Code, Section 241).' -.: : IF YOU HAVE ANY INFORMATION CONCERNING THIS PERSON, PLEASE NOTIFY ME OR CONTACT YOUR LOCAL FBI OFFICE. TELEPHONE NUMBERS AND ADDRESSES OF ALL FBI OFFICES LISTED ON BACK. 1 ; Wanted Flyer 442 A.Pril 17,1968 ; � �) 1..: , DIRECTO FEDERAL REAU OF INVESTIGATION NITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE WASHINGtON, D. C. 20535 TELEPHONE, NATIONAL 8-7117 ClArtr"IrV"ro"' i 13-00000 ������ � t. CENTRALINTELLIGENCE AGO' _ 1/4 WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505 11 December 1973 MEMORANDUM FOR: Director Federal Bureau of Investigation .e ATTENTION : Mr. William A. Bramgan (5) - SUBJECT : Conference of the Committee to Investigate Assassinations, _Report on Proceedings 23 November 1971:i/1AL � 1. Herewith a report containing partial coverage on the events during the first session of the Committee to Investigate Assassinations, together with material (which is overt) made 71A-A available on the floor of the conference. 2. We would be interested in anything you develop on any of the other sessions of the conference. FOR THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR OPERATIONS: LREc-64 - a.r4 Oft, Ek VA James Angleton Enclosure: Report w/atts CIR-316/03107-73 ��� � c_IA114/3 tgt. Cl ASSIFIF 0 3y . 9..5431 � :HOY. � ��� IR; AWN i)i S� ; 11 (ARC ��5Ciii I,' �� ��� ��, :110re) .� � t ao�� � � impossible to determine (unless galplibbIbie. So,, ri Gait Olr eyed) .14 JAN 3 1974 13-000_00 4 Attachment to CIR-316/03107-73 SUBJECT: Conference of the Committee to Investigate Assassinations, Report on Proceedings 23 November 1973 1. The Committee to Investigate Assassinations claims to have been established in 1969. The headquarters are in Washington, D. C. (at 1520 16th Street, N. W. ). In the four years of its existence the Committee has done research and has become a kind of clearing house for the study of assassinations. It maintains contact with other groups engaged in similar activity, of which there seem to be at least two, one of which is located in the Boston area. 2. In addition to research, the Committee acts to help individuals interested in the investigation of assassinations. It thus files suits for private persons demanding access to classified information. It sponsors the publication of books and articles relating to the field of its interest, and sponsors the production of movies. It publishes a newsletter. 3. The conference of November 23-24', 1973, is the first of its type to be held by the Committee. The Georgetown University was helpful by placing Gaston Hall at the disposal of the Committee free of charge. By agreement with the University, the Committee will also be able to use the services of the University Library as a repository and research center. 4. The Conference opened on November 23, 1973, with a delay of about half an hour. The delay may have been due to the installation of recording equipment which literally covered the premises with a tangle of wires of every kind. The Washington Post reports an attendance exceeding 300. This is a generous estimate. After deducting official speakers, recording personnel, and press 'representatives, the audience probably numbered no more than 150, if that many. a ASSIFIf U .1T . . __I:106593 - t', ' !. ' � :FLA min scm. fr.:, E 0: : 0 it ..� : ..: -:. . ... , I 0 . i , �-� . . . I � � , ,,��, 4./1 il,,'...1...�.1'. 1 .�; . : . . �. �. .. . 3 impossible to determine �MKT: a44.44.1L4 (1/01111� 101PISSIble. 1�44qi GUIs it e�rell 13-00Q00 5. Beards and long hair prevailed, and others stood out like a sore thumb. There was not a single Negro in the audience, nor, that morning, on the platform. Even the speaker who spoke on the case of Martin Luther King was white. *oft 6. Not all the speakers preannounced were present. The chairman announced the absence of Richard Sprague. Another speaker, a lawyer from Los Angeles whose name was drowned out in the noise, was also absent. They were replaced by Dr. Robert Forman and someone whose name sounded like "Ed Kirkley". 7. The chairman announced that all the speeches would be tape recorded for subsequent publication. He further invited the audience to attend movies to be shown that night. One of these, "Burn", was to be shown at the University. Others by prearrangement would be shown at local movie theaters, The latter were connected with the Kennedy assassination. The case of the President's murder was in the center of the conference and, as noted by one of the organizers (Smith), one half of the speakers were to center their attention upon the Oswald case. 8. The chairman adhered strictly to the program and every speaker mentioned in the program for the morning session of November 23 spoke as specified. Of those who spoke, Norman Mailer, Robert P. Smith and Ronald Van Doren deserve particular attention. Their speeches in summary are reviewed below. 9. A table at the back of the audience presented recommended literature. The books included H. Weissberg's Whitewash and Peter Noyes' Legacy of Doubt. For some reason there was a copy of one paper only, that of George O'Toole's "Assassination Tapes". There was also a bibliography of political assassination; the foreword to which lists the persons most actively collaborating with the Committee. 2 SECRET � 13-00000 10. A publication circulated during the conference was the November, 1973 issue of Computers and Automation which is to be renamed, starting January 1, 1974, Computers and People. The publication of articles such as "Nixon and the Mafia" which concludes that Richard M. Nixon seems to be the embodiment of a prediction that organized crime would someday put its own man in the White House, seems somewhat curious in a magazine devoted to the profession of data processing and the use of computers. The magazine was established in 1951 by Berkeley Enterprises in Massachusetts. Alger Hiss is among its contributors and an abundance of articles by Richard Sprague on the subject of Watergate published in the past year. 11. Another organization which received publicity at the Conference was The Committee for Action/Research on the Intelligence Community (CARIC). 12. A representative of Computers and Automation handed out this publication free of charge to members of the audience. He took notes with fantastic speed and apparent accuracy of everything said during the proceedings. 13. The lights gave out at one point and did not come on again during the morning session. The absence of current may have affected the tape recording. 14. The morning session, due to close at 12:30, ended after 1:30 p.m. By this time the audience was impatient to have lunch, and the resumption of the proceedings was therefore postponed to a later hour. 15. No document of any kind was issued to the persons who paid $15.00 to enter. Instead their hand was stamped with the name of the organization which gave them access to all further meetings that day and the next (the members of the audience were apparently not supposed to wash their hands during this time). Names were taken down, but no questions asked other than one's initial. No information on address, occupation, etc. was required. 3 � 13-00000 SECRET 16. Speech by Norman Mailer. This was beyond a doubt, the most striking presentation during the Friday morning session. Mailer spoke briefly and left the conference shortly after the speech. 17. Mailer said that political intelligence as a subject was as powerful as "peace". Interest in assassination is obsessive. The obsession arises from the fact that a solution to the problem is not found, and attention is constantly drawn back to the unanswerable question. . 18. He said that we have here the most powerful nation in the world which cannot come to grips with a question which seems as amazingly simple as the Kennedy assassination. The result has been that this nation has decided to shut down investigation and has thus alienated itself from its own history. This alienation has brought apathy, a trait noticeable in the reaction to investigations which bring no wide response. 19. A nation which rejects its own history is on the path to a totalitarian regime. Facts, meanwhile, have a peculiar ability to change when they are investigated, and investigators must therefore rely upon hypothesis. The history of the last ten years has been made unendurable by the abundance of hypotheses. They range from the opinion that an assassination is an accident lacking any particular sequence to the hypothesis that secret police forces are engaging in a world conspiracy. 20. The present conference must help us to learn whether there are possibilities, and what possibilities exist, to solve these questions. 21. Speech by Robert P. Smith. Mr. Smith was described as the director of research of the Committee, but he seems to be one of the major motive forces in this organization. 22. Mr. Smith pointed out that he had spent the last three years studying the Kennedy case. Much research had been done, but nothing had changed, so far as practical action was concerned, in the last nine years. 4 13-oopoo 27. Speech by Ronald Van Doren. Mr. Van Doren seems to be a follower of Governor Wallace. He began by commenting on the sad situation in a country with a judiciary where individuals have to make conjectures regarding a case as obvious as that of Bremer. There is no doubt that Bremer pulled the trigger. But one should examine the political situation at the time of his action. Wallace was by far the leading candidate in the election campaign, a threat to other candidates, and he was winning the nomination. He represented a challenge to both parties. Nothing he said could be interpreted as racist, and in the economic sense he carried wide appeal. The question which faced the other candidates was how he could be stopped from disrupting the two parties and from preventing the re-election of the President. History will show how he was stopped and why this occurred. 28. The case in defense of Wallace's civil rights was quietly dropped. No proper investigation was conducted. As usual in assassination cases there was a diary. It showed that Bremer was acting alone and was deranged. Read as a piece of literature, the diary presents Bremer as a non-person, an illiterate unable to spell. There is nothing regarding the people he worked with. Meanwhile, if one examines Bremer's background, he appears an entirely different person. Why did he travel repeatedly to Ottawa? How did he manage to carry guns on planes? What was he doing in New York? Why was he in Washington? And where did he get his funds? The apartment he rented exceeds his annual income. His mother could not afford to visit him in prison, yet he dressed well. With whom was he involved? 29. All this should be looked into. Watergate brought the electoral campaign to the fore. Why has discussion of the Bremer shooting been excluded from the investigation? Bremer was a part of the 1972 campaign, yet there is no mention of Wallace or of Bremer. Two years from now Wallace will be back. 30. Speech by Ms. Meredith Rode. Ms. Rode was very brief. She said she became interested in the killing of George Lincoln Rockwell in 1970, and that the case was built on circumstantial evidence exclusively. The case is still open, for the police believe that there was an accomplice. No funds are available for defense. 5 13-00Q00 23. Although the National Archives are the repository for the Kennedy assassination documents, the FBI and the CIA are responsible for restricting research. Much of the 300 cubic feet of documents have been printed, a reclassification in 1971 has released 3,000 pages, and the CIA later released more, but none of the material released has created any sensation. The Freedom of Information Act is not as liberal on assassination material as on other matters. Some material was not even turned over to the Warren Commission. The FBI and the Justice Department are alone in knowing the, results of some tests. 24. In the non-governmental area, much has been published, and the book by Peter Noyes must be singled out particularly. 25. Speech by Mr. Robert Hanson. Mr. Hanson has become the counsel for Sirhan Sirhan. He studied to become an engineer and then shifted to law. (To judge from the number of cases which he says he has lost, heshouldhave remained an engineer instead of becoming an attorney.) Mr. Hanson said that the Sirhan case is pretty hopeless. The trial was based on a 100 per cent belief in Sirhan's guilt. Therefore important witnesses were not called, and no attention was paid to ballistics. Scientific study, however, indicates that Sirhan Sirhan may not even have been the person who committed the crime. But even if it is proved that his gun did not kill Robert Kennedy, this discovery may have no influence upon Sirhan's case. California officials have no desire to reopen the case and funds to handle the proceedings are lacking. A book by Tiger on the case is worthy of note. Tiger claims that Sirhan Sirhan was acting under hypnotic influence. 26. Speech by James Lesar. Mr. Lesar, who spoke on the Martin Luther King assassination, declared that Ray was innocent, and that the FBI and the Justice Department were responsible for wrongly solving the crime. Ray was framed by conspirators. The persons presently involved in Watergate played a role in the Ray case investigation. No private agency - only a government agency - can solve the Ray case. All depends on whether the judiciary acts honestly or with political consideration in mind. As it stands today, we see Ray's rights having been abominably violated; we see lawyers who did not do their job; and we see nothing approaching an open -hearing. 6 � 13-oogoo ET- 31. There was also a speech by Robert Salzman who was long-winded and technical. No useful coverage available. 32. Copies of materials which were available at the Conference are attached. A. American Political Assassinations: A Bibliography of Works Published 1963-1970 Related to the Assassination of John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King, Robert F. Kennedy. Compiled by The Committee to Investigate Assassinations, Washington, D. C. , 1973. B. "Decade of Assassinations -- 1963-1973". Committee to Investigate Assassinations, 1973. C. "Don't Read This Out Loud!" Intelligence Report. The Committee for Action Research on the Intelligence Community (CARIC). D. Announcement. The announcement states that Senator John Stennis will begin hearings on his Bill to amend the National Security Act, in regard to the clarification of the authority of the CIA. E. Assassination Tapes by George O'Toole. Published by Penthouse International Ltd., 1973. F. Computers and Automation (Computers and People), November, 1973, Volume 22, No 11. 7 � 13-00000 ANNOUNCEMENT Senator John Stennis, Chairman of the Armed Services Committee, will begin hearings early in the New Year on his Bill No. S.2597 -- to amend the National Security Act -- in regard to clarification of the authority of the CIA. The bill recently introduced by Senator Stennis resulted in part from correspondence with Senator Edmund Muskie, Chairman of the Senate Disarmament Subcommittee. To some degree, these hearings were inspired by the Watergate developments. People with knowledge in the areas which might be fruitful for investigation should be in touch with Senator Stennis' Committee. For further information, contact the Task Force For A Nuclear Test Ban, Betty Lall and Jo Pomerance, Co-Chairmen, care of the Project on � Budget Priorities, 1620 Eye Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006. 13-00000 � PUBLICATIONS CAM pualislies a biiveekly INTELLIGENCE REPORT and a uai lady mired COUNTER-SPY featuring various articles examining he itiuc.ures and operations of U.S. Intelligence. In addition, CARIC Jub ia occ 'slimel pamphlets on various concepts in the craft of ligenze. I:ARIC also provides reprints of selected articles on !rite ce which have appeared in other publications. � CARI .1 is F reparing a guide to U.S. Intelligence which will serve as a iv cots ievice to the hidden world of government operations. We ,op: that an controversy raised by this guide or any other CARIC icatiln will lead to public debate and resolution of the issues aeolved. Our analysis is based in a firm belief that no human being ,hot Id La denied life, liberty or the pursuit of happiness by our ,overnment .3.� its agents. CAR IC publications aid the public effort to .n*.ue th veneration of this concept by those in our government. � IN.FROM-THE-COLD HEARINGS CARS.: wi I sponsor In-From-The-Cold Hearings featuring public testimon./ by individuals intimately involved with U.S. Intelligence. The :learings will focus on American intervention abroad, domestic .cpussio.i in this country and the effects of secrecy on the individuals' r.%ers)rality. Former intelligence workers and those who have been victimizei by the intelligence community will publicly relate their partvipa ion in activities of our government which can no longer be ignored kir good citizens. ��^��111400//�������� vi��������������������0 r... To " u.,,s, ,....,......rws r ref r "1" � 1,2r.:".rr�r2-7-="t't!"?..terrl* i eriatreiiiiii . .. ; ,e_ d:��,..u.: ����������������������� ....... .... � � � �� . . � � � � y'gri...:4r.::wZ.F,.:Saiiii isq:5:11.:.;=:.�,1.:.-;ir7;"-7. ���... � , P.: I.": ;'51: ''�'i-477::17i: 661'01.1g' `711:.ati-. ,..%7-.44:-71 X . tt ; k.f.;:::: %.�s.::..4.,124T'pr L. . L ..14,4e. ' klell�ro ..4f�ellwr��46�.. - 'IN: 'die. ' � es tt�A,LL�.... . .1. I. �;:11 2 4. .41. .0. . �� �"..... . .1) .L-4." ' ! so ::. �.'. ... �4114.?.......-0;,..,:ml, . � �:.: � � ; �;,..,,,:a..., e � � : � � "4"�����`..4'...i..- ;r-." )7; ' ;�,...! . e, ! . !�41,r-r- plfer.. r � � .. �.; � . �� -"��� V.T Ti e.:1 .".� ..� � . . ....u: F � . ..� r I.,..., . � JOIN THE COUNTER-SPY TEAM Join with us in our effort to end "illegal, unconstitutional and gross acts" by our government. CAM is entirely supported by donations from American. citizens. Donate and become a sponsoring member of the Committee for Action/Research on the Intelligence Community. Sponsoring members receive our bi-weekly INTELLIGENCE REPORT and our quarterly COUNTER-SPY as well as additional information on government operations. CAR IC actively seeks the advice and viewpoints of all sponsoring members in our activities. Write to CARIC, Box 647, Ben Franklin Station, Washington, D.C. 20044, or call ( 202 ) 785-8330. � With your support we can prevent the visions of George Orwell in 1984 from becoming an American reality. STOP THE SPYING STOP TECHNOFASCISM faCARIC A Box 647 � Ben Pranklin Station Washington, D.C. 20044 I wish to sponsor the efforts of CARIC. Please find enclosed my donation of I wish only to subscribe to the INTELLIGENCE REPORT's and to COUNTER-SPY ($6/individual, ;10/organisation3 MANE ADDRESS SIP � INTELLIGENCE REPORT �s.: s- � *.-t� �g The Committee for Action Research on the Intelligence Community (CARIC) fej�������111Mb� 11111.1�01 13-00000 he headlines in Ariterican newspapers have for years told of Army JR...Mance of civilians, U.S. spy planes being shot down over other � ies, attempted coups and intrigue initiated by the CIA and ^ ','rained FBI wiretapping. We all know that Big Brother is but no one in our government has taken the time to explain //to is being spied upon, and why we are being watched. Too often. we %iletrican citizens don't even know who Big Brother is. :n 1955, President .Eisenhower accepted the report of the Hoover :errinission on U.S. Intelligence. Among other recommendations, the emOhasized the need for two "watchdog" committees on lieliigence within the executive and leg:slative branches of �cninent. Although a Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (FIAB) .st:blished to serve the President, Congress by an overwhelming ity has refused to establish a committee within the legislative -ch. Now, in the midst of the Watergate sc:andals, there is some .1-..einerit within Congress to establish committees on the separate -aelligence agencies. The result will be divided oversight with no :-...leance that Congress will he able to stop illegal and unjustified p...i..g. With Congress abrogating its responsibilities, there is no agency .1 lovernment, directly responsible to the public, monitoring 'the /irked States Intelligence Community. Now former intelligence workers and concerned citizens have ni e:ed a national association to provide the vita information an aware ea 'lie needs to know about government operations. The Committee for nniR �search on the Intelligence Community (CARIC) is an ."0' Pendent "watchdog" on the government spy apparatus. CARIC, pansored entirely by donations from American citizens, serves as an 'irritative source of analysis and informa:ion on the practices,. onization and objectives of U.S. Intelligence. What clandestine p'-ations are being carried out in the name of America? Is the CIA 'oaring to entangle us in another war similar to the Indochina War? ,11,-it information is going into Federal, State, local and private data i..t.s on innocent Ainerican citizens? Is the FBI becoming a "secret ,r. ::ee force?" Whose phones are tapped in America? These are some of h questions CAR IC is answering. 'AR IC knows that all conscientious Americais are closely watching I. .:vents that have unfolded since the arrest; made at the Watergate :felling. We share the hope of most Amei jeans that tho illegal .!-;-.ortage practices that have now been exposed will no longer be a part � � rrierican political life. Howevrt, the dismantling of one espionage � -rat lr,vul to one ernep of politicians does not insure that this abuse ; .::.'7r will not be repeated future politicians. � Who knows what future political espionage will occur under the guise of so-called "national security" or loyalty to an administration? Only time will tell, but through diligence and your help CARIC will anticipate and bring to your attention situations within the government that are likely to produce a new "Watergate." Although CARIC does believe that a massive government spy apparatus is at work in the world, we hope to dispel some of the paranoia citizens naturally feel when there is talk of spies and wiretaps. We know that the FBI does not have agents behind every, tree, but there are agents in every major community in this country who have spied on. innocent private and public citizens. Only a full and undisguised look Into this hidden world can displace unwarranted fears, and guide the public effort to end this illegal and unjustified espionage. The secrecy with which the government surrounds itself must end. CAR IC knows that tens of thousands of American citizens from all walks of life were mobilized over the past decade to help bring an end to the government's war in Indochina � a war that has taken new forms under the direction of U.S. Intelligence agencies. CARIC hopes that these same concerned citizens will continue to oppose the policies of our government which bring this new form of covert war and the Watergate scandals. It is now time for thousands of Americans to mobilize to stop the spying as we stopped the dying. Please join us in our effort THE COMMITTEE FOR ACTION/RESEARCH ON THE INTELLIGENCE COMMUNITY (CARIC) INTELLIGENCE REPORT CARIC ORGANIZATION CARIC is organized to reflect the operating procedures of a typical intelligence organization. Our research process involves collecting information from a wide variety of sources both public and private. Our analysis is the collective product of CAR IC participants and eliminates any compartmentalization of knowledge. The information and our analysis is then disseminated through CAR IC publications and separate F'rks by CAR IC participants. In addition, CARIC provides information other journalists and qualified researchers. � INTELLIGENCE DOCUMENTATION CENTER (DC) CARIC is continuously collecting information on haellieence from a variety of sources - including official government nubli:aticris and documents, previous investigations, public account.; am interviews conducted with hundreds of former intelligence and police eget ts. The information forms the data-base of the Intelligence Donumentation Center maintained by CARIC. The IDC is a library cf informaiion on U.S. Intelligence available upon request to journalists, coalilied researchers and members of CARIC. � SPEAKrRS BUREAU AND WORKSH 3PS CARIC maintains a listing of members available to speak before groups on a variety of subjects ranging from the foreign intelligence programs of our government to the problems of criminal Ostia: in this country. Our speakers include former intelligence woi kers, police agents and informers and others familiar with American in tillige ace. CARIC will priodically conduct workshops fcr church, labor, school or community organizations. Workshop topics :nclurle: � OPERATION PHOENIX � CIA assassination in Vietnan� � SALEM HOUSE � Preparation for the coup in Cambodia � The CIA in Laos � OPERATION BOULDER �An introduction to the ned A nerican war � Right-wing terrorism in America � Federal Planning for civil disturbances: Riots and d3morstrations � The Interne; Security apparatus and Watergate 8 MULTI-MEDIA BRIEFING CARIC will: soon augment our workshops with a multienelia briefing on U.S. ithelligence featuring films, video tapes, 'lisp ay: end recorded interviews. The exhibit will dramatically ilk strain Intelligence as practiced by our government. Our hope is to creat a super-conscious realization by our audience of the concepts presented in th display. The first element of the multi-media briefing is a slide shova trotting the growth. of the inicinal security apparatus of our governn cent and demonstrating how this apparatus influenced the V.:eel-Jaw scan.' els. The slide show termiliates with suggestionz. for limCing Let. rt en: title of the internal security apparatus. 13-00000 November, 1973 VoL 22, No. 11 UNTIL DECEMBER 31,1973 C utarm and automation STARTING JANUARY 1, 1974 computara and people - '4. ici.d mu/ tik,� F ' r�it . � � N4S., ik � � WORKING TOGETHER Cooperative Facilities to Obtain the Advantages of Computers � M. J. Cerullo Control in Time-Sharing Systems � F. C. Castillo Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation � G. C. Hertlein Computers in Science Fiction � M. Ascher Strategy and Action on World Trade � J. H. Binger Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions � J. P. Frankel Nixon and the Mafia � Conclusion � J. Gerth 13-00000 'Here is the start of the most famous article that we ever published � excerpted from the May, 1970, issue of Computqrs and Automation. If you would like to read this article, and look at the eleven photographs it contains, send us $2 (prepayment is necessary). This issue is RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS FOR FULL REFUND (IF IN SALABLE CONDITION). How can you lose? Computers and Automation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160 THE ASSASSINATION OF PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY: THE APPLICATION OF COMPUTERS TO THE PHOTOGRAPHIC EVIDENCE Part 1. Introduction Who Assassinated President Kennedy? On November 22, 1963, in Dallas, Texas, President John F. Kennedy, while riding in an open limousine through Dealey Plaza and waving to the surrounding crowds, was shot to death. Lee Harvey Oswald, an ex-Marine, and former visitor to the Soviet Union, was arrested that afternoon in a movie theatre in another section of Dallas; that night he was charged with shooting President Kennedy from the sixth floor easternmost window of the Texas School Book Deposi- tory Building overlooking Dealey Plaza. This act Oswald denied steadily through two days of question- ing (no record of questions and answers was ever preserved). Two days later while Oswald was being transferred from one jail to another, he was shot by Jack Ruby, a Dallas night-club owner, in the basement of the Dallas police station, while mil- lions of Americans watched on television. The com- mission of investigation, appointed by President Lyndon B. Johnson, and headed by Chief Justice Earl Warren of the U. S. Supreme Court, published its report in September 1964, and concluded that Oswald was the sole assassin and that there was no conspir- acy. � In view of the authority of the Warren Commis- sion, that conclusion was accepted by many Americans for a long time. But the conclusion cannot be con- sidered true by any person who carefully considers the crucial evidence -- such as the physics of the shooting, the timing of a number of events, and other important and undeniable facts. In other words, Oswald was not the sole assassin, and there was a conspiracy. This article will develop that thesis, prove it to be true on the basis of substantial, conclusive evidence, and in particular some analysis of the photographic evidence. There was in fact a conspiracy. Oswald played 8 role in the conspiracy, although there is con- clusive evidence that on November 22, 1963, he did no shooting at President Kennedy, and that, just as he claimed when he was in the Dallas jail, he was a "patsy." At least three gunmen (and proba- bly four) -- none of whom were in the sixth floor easternmost window of the Texas School Book Depos- itory building where the Warren Commission placed Oswald -- fired a total of six shots at President Kennedy. One of these shots missed entirely; one hit Governor John B. Connally, Jr. of Texas, riding with Kennedy; and four hit President Kennedy, one in his throat, one in his back, and two in his by Richard E. Sprague Hartsdale, New York head. (The bulk of the undeniable evidence for these statements about the shots consists of: (a) the physics of the motions of Kennedy and Con- nally shown in some 60 frames of the famous film by Abraham Zapruder; (b) the locations of the in- juries in Kennedy and in Connally; and (c) more than 100 pictures, consisting of more than 30 still photographs and more than 70 frames of mo- vies.) More than 50 persons were involved in the con- spiracy at the time of firing the shots. These persons included members of the Dallas police force (but not all of the Dallas police -- and that ac- (continued in the May 1970 issue of Computers and Automation) Contents Parts 1 Introduction 2 The Photographic Evidence 3 The Application of Computers to the Photographic Evidence 4 Appendices: Acknowledgements and Notices � Epilogue Bibliography Page 20 34 . 56 58 59 60 Figures 1 Helicopter View of Dealey Plaza 37 2 Policemen and "Tramps" 38 3 "Tramps" 39 4 Policemen and "Tramps" 40 5 Policemen and "Tramps" 41 6, 7 6th Floor Easternmost Window of the 42 Texas School Book Depository Building .8, 9 Kennedy About the Time of the First 43 Shot 10 Kennedy After the First Three Shots 44, 45 and Before the Fatal Shot 11 The Radio Communicator 33 Charts 1 Spatial Chart 48, 49 2 Schematic Timing Chart 51 Tables 1 Index to Spatial Chart 2 Photographs Acquired, by FBI and Unavailable 3 Main List of Photographs 4 Preliminary List of Computer Codes 5 Preliminary Coding Sheet for Computer-Assisted Analysis 46 50 52 57 58 13-00000 THE PURSUIT OF IMPORTANT TRUTH The magazine Computers and Automation has for more than three years followed an unusual publication policy: � The pursuit of truth in input, output, and pro- cessing, for the benefit of people, and an unusual belief: � That computers are too important to be left to computer experts and must be integrated into a socially responsible profession of information engineering. Whigihis policy has operated most is in publishing information, articles, and reports on subjects which a great many liberal and progressive newspapers and peri- odicals have left unexplored or unmentioned: � The political conspiracies which have led to the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, Sena- tor Robert Kennedy, Martin Luther King, and others � and their coverups � The conspiracies, coverups, and lies in connection with the pursuit of war in Indochina and dictator- ship by the Saigon regime � The connections of President Richard M. Nixon with organized crime and the Mafia � The Watergate crimes If you believe in the value of truthful, frank reporting on the most important topics for the welfare of the people of the United States today, we urge you to sub- scribe to our magazine, and buy our back copies (almost every one is in print). Please help us pursue the important truth and report on it, by buying our products. Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor Unsettling, Disturbing, Critical . . . Computers and Automation, established 1951 and therefore the oldest magazine in the field of com- puters and data processing, believes that the pro- fession of information engineer includes not only competence in handling information using computers and other means, but also a broad responsibility, in a professional and engineering sense. for: -- The reliability and social significance of pertinent input data; -- The social value and truth of the output results. In the same way, a bridge engineer takes a pro- fessional responsibility for the reliability and significance of the data he uses, and the safety and efficiency of the bridge he builds, for human beings to risk their lives on. Accordingly, Computers and Automation publishes from time to time articles and other information related to socially useful input andoutputofdata systems in a broad sense. To this end we seek to publish what is unsettling, disturbing, critical -- but productive of thought and an improved and safer "house" for all humanity, an earth in which our children and later generations may have a fu- ture, instead of facing extinction. The professional information engineer needs to relate his engineering to the most important and most serious problems in the world today: war, nuclear weapons, pollution, the population explo- sion, and many more. (may be copied on any piece of paper) TO: Computers and Automation (Computers and People, starting January 1, 1974) 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160, U.S.A. ( 1 YES, please start my subscription to your magazine � ( 1 Without the "Computer Directory": I enclose ( ) U.S.A., $11.50 ( ) Canada, $12.50 1 With the "Computer Directory": I enclose ( ) U.S.A., $23.50 ( ) Canada, $24.50 .( ( 1 Please bill my organization. ( 1 Please send me information about the important articles in back copies (usual cost, $2 each) 1 Foreign, $17.50 Foreign, $32.50 Name: Title Organization: Address: Signature: Purchase Order No. 13-00000 UNTIL DECEMBER 31, 1973 ;la 22, No. 11 November, 1973 Editor Edmund C. Berkeley Assistant Barbara L Chaffee Editors Linda Ladd Lovett Neil D. Macdonald Software Stewart B. Nelson Editor Ading%Wow DL'etor Edmund C. Berkeley Contributing John Bennett Editors Moses M. Berlin Andrew D. Booth John W. Carr Ill Ned Chapin Leslie Mezei Bernhard W. Romberg Ted Schoeters Richard E. Sprague Advisory Ed Burnett Committee James J. Cryan Bernard Quint Editorial Offices Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. 815 Washington St. Newtonville, Mass. 02160 617-332-5453 Advertising Contact The Publisher Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. 815 Washington St. Newtonville, Mass. 02160 617-332-5453 "Computers and Automation" is pub- lished monthly, 12 issues per year, at 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160, by Berkeley Enterprises, Inc. Printed in U.S.A. Second Class Postage paid at Bo.ston. Mass., and additional mailing points. Subscription rates: United States, $11.50 for one year, $22.00 for two years. Canada: add $1 a year; foreign, add $6 a year. NOTE: The above rates do not include Our publication "The Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide". If you elect to re- ceive "The Computer Directory and Buyers' Guide", please add $12.00 per year to your subscription rate in U.S. and Canada, and $15.00 per year elsewhere. Please address all mail to: Berkeley Enterprises, Inc., 815 Washington St., New- tonville, Mass. 02160. Postmaster: Please send all forms 3579 to Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.. 815 Washing- ton St., NewtonvIlle, Mass, 02160. 0 Copyright 1973, by Berkeley Enter- prises, Inc. Change of address: If your address changes, please send us both your new address and your old address (as it ap- pears on the magazine address imprint), and allow three weeks for the chance to be STARTING JANUARY 1,1974 mputars and automation Computers and people The Computer Industry 8 Cooperative Facilities to Obtain the Advantages [1 Al of Computers by Michael J. Cerullo, State University of New York, Albany, N.Y. How to plan, before operations begin, a cooperative service bureau that will provide its sponsors with all the advantages of electronic data processing, plus the advantages of greatly reduced expenses. 10 Control in Time-Sharing Systems [T Al by Fermin Caro del Castillo, Fort Worth, Texas How time-shared computer systems should be controlled, made secure, and protected against incursions and hazards. 14 Alienation and the Systems Analyst [1- Al by Alan E. Brill, The Chase Manhattan Bank, New York, N.Y. How systems analysts are often looked upon as in a "computer department" and outside of the firm � and what might be done to correct this practice. Computers and Art 18 Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation IT Al by Grace C. Hertlein, California State University-Chico, Chico, Calif. How computer art is ranging through variation in patterns, variations in design, and varying philosophies of art � and where it may go. Computers and the Future 20 Computers in Science Fiction � II [NT Al by Marcia Ascher, Professor of Mathematics, Ithaca College, Ithaca, N.Y. A survey of some two dozen themes of importance in the real world that are reflected in science fiction when astute writers explore the significance of computers to human beings. 6 The Understanding of Natural Language by Computers [NT El by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation Some rather convincing evidence suggests that before long some large areas of ordinary natural language will be un- derstood by computers. World Affairs and Social Policy 15 Strategy and Action on World Trade [NT Al by James H. Binger, Chairman, Honeywell Inc., Minneapolis, Minn. Why it is important for the well-being of the people of the United States to aid the international division of labor and production: � a discussion by the head of a 13-00000 The magazine of the design, applications, and implications of information processing systems � and the pursuit of truth in input, output, and processing, for the benefit of people. World Affairs and Social Policy (continued) 33 Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions by J. P. Frankel, Dean of the Faculty, Harvey Mudd College, Claremont, Calif. Which projects and problems should scientists work on? and which projects and problems should receive support by the government and which from other sources? The Profession of Information Engineer and the Pursuit of Truth 3-Unsettling, Disturbing, Critical Statement of policy by Computers and Automation 3 The Pursuit of Important Truth by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor Four kinds of truth that are regularly unexplored and unmentioned. 38 Nixon and the Mafia � Conclusion [NT by Jeff Gerth, SunDance Magazine, San Francisco, Calif. The many connections of President Richard M. Nixon with organized crime, scandal, etc. 26 Burying Facts and Rewriting History � II [NT by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation Taken together the information published May 1970 to November 1973 in Computers and Automation effectively destroys a large segment of the beliefs, the rewritten history, that the establishment in the United States has arranged for the people in the United States to believe. 28 Political Assassinations in the United States [NT RI Inventory of 41 articles published in Computers and Automation May 1970 to October 1973 on the assassi- nations of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert Kennedy, Reverend Martin Luther King, and other polit- ically important persons in the United States: titles, authors, and summaries. 27 The Watergate Crimes [NT R] Inventory of 12 articles published in Computers and Automation August 1972 to September 1973 on the burglarizing of the Democratic National Committee offices in the Watergate Building, Washington, D.C., June 17, 1972, and the ramifications: titles, authors, and summaries. Computers, Puzzles, and Games 35 Numbles by Neil Macdonald [NT A1 [NT FI [NT F1 A] Al IT C] Corrections For changes in "The Path to Championship Chess by Computer" by Professor Donald Michie published in the January 1973 issue of Computers and Automation, see page 23 of this issue, or page 24 of the July issue. For changes in the reprinting and the indexing of "Communication � Three Way: Chimnanzee Man. Comnuter.'.oublished in the July issue. SA- ..T i-A/A . gel: I. 1674 Front Cover Picture Three eighth graders - each from a different continent - are working together to solve complex mathe- matics problems. They are at the new United .Nations International School, and are Laurence Ling May, a Chinese-Thai American; Catharine Nilson of Stockholm, Sweden; and Arun Alagappan of India. The minicomputer system is a gift from Digital Equipment Corp. For more information, see page 43 of the July 1973 issue. Departments 42 Across the Editor's Desk � Computing and Data Processing Newsletter 50 Advertising Index 50 Calendar of Coming Events 32 Classified Advertisement 48 Monthly Computer Census 46 New Contracts 47 New Installations 23 Statement of Ownership Key (Al [C] (El [F] (NT] (RI IT] � Article � Monthly Column � Editorial � Forum � Not Technical � Reference � Technical NOTICE' �D ON YOUR ADDRESS IMPRINT MEANS THAT YOUR SUBSCRIP- TION INCLUDES THE COMPUTER DIRECTORY. �N MEANS THAT YOUR PRESENT SUBSCRIPTION DOES NOT INCLUDE THE COM- O. ITC ta CaCrTAPV . 13-00000 EDITORIAL The Understanding of Natural Language by Computers Proposition: Computers are making long strides towards understanding natural language as used by human beings, and will eventually understand such language as well as many human beings do. What do we mean by: computers? understanding !an- ew-. guagetnatural language? And what is the evidence for this proposition? The word "computers" here refers to powerful comput- ers that have appropriate programs written by human be- ings plus the programmed capacity to improve their pro- grams by using experience. An example of such improve- ment is Dr. A. L. Samuels' famous checker-playing pro- gram, which can learn from experience, and which plays far better checkers than Dr. Samuels himself can play. The experience may consist of the following at least: Answers from human beings to questions posed by the computer; Differences between computed results and a priori specified results; Signals from the environment, such as instrument readings; Information obtained by "looks" at the environment, as for example recognition of the character A, as in optical character recognition; The interpretation of words, as with FORTRAN ex- pressions. Probably there are even more categories of experience which a powerful computer program can use to modify it- self to become even a better program. In regard to "understanding language", there are over 500 languages which computers have been programmed to understand, when written precisely according to stated rules: among them, BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, many kinds of machine language, etc. "Natural language" is the ordinary language used by hu- man beings, subject to the requirement that for a computer implicit understandings must be stated. For example, when a speaker exclaims "Ouch!", a great deal of the meaning comes from the listener's observations of the speaker. But a computer, like a blind man, cannot "see" the situation, and must be told more than the ordinary. listener. With some definitions taken care of, let us consider evi- dence for the main proposition stated above. This evidence includes the information published in several recent ar- ticles in Computers and Automation. The article 'Do What I Mean' � The Programmer's As- sistant", by Warren Teitelman, in the April 1972 issue, described a "programmer's assistant", called "DWIM"; this was a "front end" or preprocessor to an interactive pro- gram for operating with LISP expressions. The front end was tolerant of the programmer's mistakes in typing, in low- mistake occurred, it would inquire of the human program- mer what he meant, suggesting the correctly spelled alter- native, and so on. In this way the human programmer was relieved of much of the burden of expressing himself ex- actly and correctly the first time, and his efficiency in using the LISP interactive program greatly increased. The three articles "Computer Programming Using Natu- ral Language" by Edmund C. Berkeley, Andy Langer, and Casper Otten, in the June, July, and August 1973 issues, demonstrated the understanding by a computer program called GENIE of at least some sets of instructions in ordi- nary natural language. The vocabulary though small was free, and there was unlimited freedom in putting the words together, with about a 90% chance of complete under- standing. The computer program that did this could be called 15% GENIE, because, as the authors emphasized, it was still in an early stage of development. The article "Latest Computers See, Hear, Speak, and Sing � and May Outthink Man" by David Brand, in the October 1973 issue, enumerated many instances of com- puters (and robots equipped with computers) which could deal with concepts expressed in natural language. One of the programs mentioned could for example decipher natu- ral language commands dealing with the stacking of blocks of various shapes, sizes, and colors. The main tasks for understanding natural language ap- pear to be the following: Recognition of the framework of a sentence; Recognition of the common meaning of groups of synonyms, the collection of words that "say the same thing"; Knowledge of context: the context is regularly specified to the computer, so that it does not have to deduce the context from "what is being said"; Knowledge of a limited vocabulary consisting of per- haps 300 to 500 words � knowledge in the sense that the computer program can attach meaning to the words either by themselves or in phrases, as for example it may attach the meaning of doing something three times to the numeral 3; Capacity to accept variation in the way something is stated by a human programmer. The three articles referred to above show instances of the achievement of all of these tasks separately. Combin- ing all the achievements should not be too !laid, especially since children as young as four years old show complete capacities to listen to many kinds of natural language, un- derstand, and respond. e4AfaiN 13-00000 The Notebook on COMMON SENSE, ELEMENTARY AND ADVANCED is devoted to development, exposition, and illustration of what may be the most important of all fields of knowledge: WHAT IS GENERALLY TRUE AND IMPORTANT = CCOMMON SENSE 61041411OUE -40R AVOIDING ..MISTAKES /SOME PART-S OF OPERATIONS iJUDGEMEN1 SCIENCE iT6CHNIOUE � FOR AND IN SOLVING GENERAL r'SOME PART-S. (.-AVOIDANCE OF SYSTEMS PURPOSES: to help you avoid pitfalls to prevent mistakes before they happen to display new paths around old obstacles to point out new solutions to old problems to stimulate your resourcefulness to increase your accomplishments to improve your capacities to help you solve problems to give you more tools to think with REASONS TO BE INTERESTED IN THE FIELD OF COMMON SENSE, WISDOM, AND GENERAL SCIENCE COMPUTERS are important � But the computer field is over 25 years old. Here is a new field where you can get in on the ground floor to make your mark. MATHEMATICS is important � But this field is more important than mathematics, because common sense, wisdom, and general science have more applications. WISDOM is important � This field can be reasonably called "the engineering of wisdom". COMMON SENSE is important � This field includes the systematic study and development of common sense. SCIENCE is important � This field includes what is common to all the sciences, what is generally true and important in the sciences. MISTAKES are costly and to be AVOIDED � This field includes the systematic study of the prevention of mistakes. MONEY is important � The systematic prevention of mistakes in your organization might save 10 to 20% of its expenses per year. OPPORTUNITY is important � If you enter or renew your subscription to both Computers � and Automation and the Notebook on Common Sense at the same time, direct to us, � you may take off $2.00 per year from the total cost. 1 + OF LOGICAL Topic: THE SYSTEMATIC PREVENTION OF MISTAKES Already Published Preventing Mistakes from: Failure to Understand Forgetting Unforeseen Hazards Placidity To Come Preventing Mistakes from: Bias Camouflage Interpretation Distraction Gullibility Failure to Observe Failure to Inspect Prejudice Topic: SYSTEMATIC EXAMINATION OF GENERAL CONCEPTS Already Published The Concept of: Expert Rationalizing Feedback Model Black Box Evolution Niche To Come' Strategy Understanding Teachable Moment Indeterminacy System Operational Definition (may be copied on any piece of paper) To: Computers and Automation 815 Washington St., Newtonville, Mass. 02160 ( ) Yes, please enter my subscription to The Notebook on Common Sense, Elementary and Advanced at $12 a year (24 issues), plus extras. I understand that you always begin at the beginning and so I shall not miss any issues. ( / Please send me as free premiums for subscribing: 1. Right Answers � A Short Guide to Obtaining Them ' 4. Strategy in Chess 2. The Empty Column 5. The Barrels and the Elephant 3. The Golden Trumpets of Yap Yap 8. The Argument of the Beard ( ) I enclose $ ( ) Please bill my organization RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS FOR FULL REFUND IF NOT SATISFACTORY HOW CAN YOU LOSE? Name Title Organization Address (including zip) Signature Purchase Order No. 13-00000 Cooperative Facilities to Obtain the Advantages of Computers Michael I. Cerullo Asst. Professor of Accounting State Univ. of New York at Albany 1400 Washington Ave. Albany, N.Y. 12222 "Because of general dissatisfaction, 30% of the surveyed service bureau clients planned to discontinue using service bureaus." Computer Use A recent study of 2,500 companies conducted by the Research Institute of America, revealed that 55% of the firms regularly use computers in conducting their business. Further breakdown of the study shows that an average of 32% own or lease their own computers, and 23% use an outside service bureau for processing data.' While a majority of the companies surveyed do use computers in some form, a significant 45%.of the re- spondents do not use any type of computerized data processing service. Those companies cited the fol- lowing reasons for not using computers:2 Per Cent Operation too small 50 Too costly 35 Looked into and tabled for the present 31 Present methods satisfactory 21 Plan to install a computer within a year 8 Plan to begin using a service bureau within a year 8 Other 13 Total (multiple answers) 166% Service Bureau Use In addition to the non-users, another recent study revealed that most service bureau clients are not effectively using their service bureau and, as a result, are receiving few, if any, of the advan- tages of electronic- data processing (EDP). Most of the surveyed service bureau clients were:3 1. Receiving routine services which do not save them money. 2. Not planning to expand into more sophisticated, higher-payoff applications. 3. Not receiving indirect benefits and savings, such as improved information for decision making. 4. Not satisfied with current services. The study also disclosed that because of the gen- eral dissatisfaction, 30% of the surveyed service bureau clients planned to discontinue using service bureaus and purchase in-house computers.4 Cooperative Service Bureaus Both non-users and dissatisfied service bureau clients, therefore, offer a ready market for a newer approach to obtaining the advantages of EDP -- the formation of a cooperative service bureau. A coop- erative service bureau consists of several sponsor- ing firms who jointly own a computer and share in its operating costs at a much lower expense than in- dividual ownership of a computer. If carefully planned before operations begin, a cooperative ser- vice bureau will provide its sponsors with all the advantages of EDP plus many other advantages unique to jointly-shared facilities and personnel. Among these additional advantages are: 1. The sponsors would purchase a computer tai- lored to their specific needs. 2. They would have exclusive use of the computer. 3. Their computer would be available for use at any time. 4. They could share the costs of any computer programs developed. 5. They could share the costs of any package or canned computer programs purchased. 6. They would have available for their exclusive use a staff of data processing experts and a computer -- at a fraction of the cost of individual ownership. Factors Insuring the Success of the Cooperative The first step in forming a successful coopera- tive service bureau is to enroll an appropriate num- ber of comapnies. Ideally the cooperative should be limited to five or six sponsoring firms. A larger number may create unmanageable problems involving operations, communications, control, scheduling of computer time, and so forth. A smaller number may make the venture economically unfeasible. 13-00000 Lack of Interest At the present time, widespread lack of interest to joining a cooperative is more of a problem to po- temtial organizers than too much demand. The author costacted a number of public accounting firms about the feasibility of forming cooperatives and found that three firms who had already made such an at- tempt could not interest enough firms to join. Their comments were: We tried to organize one several years ago; the firms contacted were not interested. .. We would like to explore this possibility but we can't get anyone else interested. -- At present there appears,to be a tragic lack of interest locally by other'CPA firms. Unquestionably, one reason for the lack of inter- est is a misunderstanding of the true nature of a cooperative. Interested companies must therefore be prepared to sell the idea to others. As more pub- lished material becomes available in the field, this problem should be alleviated. Confidential Information A second major reason for lack of interest is that companies fear for the control and security of their confidential or sensitive information. Such a concern is certainly legitimate and underscores the seed for a cooperative that is to be successful, to devise an adequate system for quality control and security. A committee responsible for such a system should be established at the outset by the sponsor- ing firms. Protection One of its duties should be to adequately safe- guard the sponsors' records and documents against fire, theft, water, and other hazards and disasters. Statistics compiled by the Safe Manufacturers Na- tional Association show that about one-half of com- panies whose important records and documents were destroyed through some catastrophe never resumed business or were permanently closed down within six months: an additional 13,(i suffered serious economic impairment and were able to remain in business only under severe operating handicaps.5 For this reason the quality control and security committee must see that the cooperative service bureau maintains: protective devices fireproof vaults a method of reconstructing any destroyed records adequate insurance to cover loss of impor- tant client records or documents The committee must also take measures to prevent one client's records from becoming commingled with another client's records -- a not-unlikely occurrence in such an environment. Preventing Disclosure Finally, the committee should determine how to Prevent disclosure of confidential ipformation. For example, no member of any sponsoring company should be allowed in certain strategic parts of the com- puter center. Likewise, each company's records Should be coded and the code number known only to he computer center personnel. In cases requiring *most security, the actual processing of data Should be monitored by a key employee of the com- puter center or possibly by a representative of a disinterested third party, such as a firm of inde- pendent public accountants. Sharing of Expenses: Startup Costs With an adequate number of sponsoring firms lined up and a sound security system worked out, the third necessity in establishing a successful cooperative is to determine methods of sharing the expenses. There are two categories of costs to consider: 1. Startup costs. These include all costs incur- red prior to the time that the cooperative commences operations. Startup costs are either directly traceable to a particular firm or are joint or com- mon to all firms. An example of a direct cost would be that of analyzing, modifying, and redesigning of systems prior to conversion to the computer. An ex- ample of a joint or common cost would be the cost of computer housing, including air conditioning, engi- neering supervision, false floors, ducts and pipes, tranformers or motor generators, cabling and wiring. and overhead racks and supports. Each sponsoring firm should pay for its own di- rect costs. Joint costs should be shared equally or apportioned among the firms according to some equi- table formula. Operating Costs 2. Operating costs. These include the monthly hardware and software costs to operate the coopera- tive. Hardware costs refer to the periodic rental or purchase charge for the computer equipment. As a minimum the computer equipment consists of an input unit, a central processing unit, and an output unit. Software costs include personnel costs, programming costs, testing and debugging costs, magnetic tapes. disc packs, punched cards, paper, paper tape?, re- pair parts, power, telecommunication lines, and so on. Operating costs that are directly traceable should be paid by the using firm. Joint or common costs can be shared equally or can be allocated to each firm based on the number of transactions pro- cessed or the actual computer processing time used during the period. In addition, if so desired, a sponsor could be required to pay a minimum or maxi- mum monthly charge. Management � Fourthly. the sponsoring companies should decide how to manage the venture. It is advisable to form a committee to oversee the management and operation of the cooperative. A decision must be made whether each member regardless of size should have one vote or whether another basis of voting should be used. This decision should assure participants that no one firm will dominate or control the cooperative. Common Line of Business A factor not to be overlooked when forming a co- operative. one which will avoid frustrations, com- plications, and extra expenses. is to see that each member is in the same industry or business category. Thus all sponsoring firms will have similar operat- ing problems that can be simultaneously solved by the computer personnel, resulting in the allocation of smaller costs to eaeh firm for each problem solved. Also computer programs developed or pack- aged programs purchased can be shared by all spon- sors with minimum modifications, thus resulting in considerable programming cost savings. (please turn to page 13) 13-00000 Control in Time-Shoring Systems Fermin Caro del Castillo 6043 Westridge Lane Fort Worth, Texas 76116 "A time-sharing installation (like every computer environment) is exposed to the seven major dangers: fire, water, theft, fraud, sabotage, equipment malfunctions, and human errors." a.. Introduction This article has as its main objective to furnish and define some methods and provisions for control and security in a computer time-sharing environment. It is evident that computer time-sharing has be- come very popular during recent years. More and more confidential information is being handled by these systems, creating an urgent need for strong measures of control and security. Description of the System The service provided by a single computer to many telecommunications terminals has been called "com- puter time-sharing". With this type of service each user shares simultaneously in the processing capa- bilities of the central processor. This new com- puter facility makes this service available to small companies and/or other users who have little need for their own computer. Computing services that may go under the heading of time-sharing include: Commercial computing; text editing; databank information retrieval services; application services such as colleges' records, inventory control, payrolls of small companies, and ac- count receivables; administrative messages; switching and collection services; and more. Among the great number of time-sharing users are hospitals (Welch Hospital, one of the biggest in Europe. has acquired the large ICL 1904S computer with 7020 terminals), banks (Gosbank. the national bank of the USSR, has ordered two large-scale Honey- well series 600 with 100 terminals), schools and colleges (British schools and colleges have started using terminals), airlines (Continental Airlines uses the Sonic 360 reservation system with 550 on- line terminals). Trends The growth in computer time-sharing has been phe- nomenal in recent years in spite of a short business recession between 1970 and 1972. Time sharing was a broker's dream in the '60s; many companies realized its potential, entered the market, and failed be- cause of: one, strong competitive 'pressure, and two, because of the countless thefts and violations suf- fered. The highly competitive situation benefited the user in regard to pricing, but the offsetting consequence of lower profits caused a high casualty rate among these companies. As a result, the number of time-sharing firms dropped from 150 to 50 between 1969 and 1972. A few of the companies which survived and which account for most of today's time-sharing business are Rapidata Corporation, Teletype Corporation (a subsidiary of AT&T). Tymeshare Incorporated (the largest independent firm and second only in size to IBM and Honeywell time-sharing operations), and IBM Jerry Dreyer, executive president of ADAPSO, an -association of data processing service organization: estimates that one time-sharing Company out of three was profitable in 1971, two out of five in 1972, and probably three out of six in 1973. Nowadays, this computer facility is coming back to its original trend, and it is expected that the number of com- puters with terminals will grow from 32% at the end of 1971 to 45% at the end of 1975, with the average central processing unit driving 15 to 20 terminals. One consultant, Creative Strategies of Palo Alto, California. predicts that time-sharing sales by 1976 will increase to 2 billion from 331 million last year. By 1975, says ADAPSO's Dreyer, time-sharing will account for 1/3 of the $4.5 billion computer services industry. Technological Advances ' Most important technological advances have been achieved recently on on-line terminals linked to central processors. Some of the improvements made include solid state keyboards, which have greater reliability and lower cost; visual display methods, which incorporate more capacity, economy, and aes- thetic appeal; non-impact printing techniques, which provide faster, quieter and more reliable opera- tions; improved lower cost memories; more powerful logic capability; and faster and more accurate modern techniques and improvements in central proc- essor software. This is only the beginning. It is foreseen that in the future the equipment itself will change in nature and will probably not be recognizable as terminals per se. Rather, terminals will be modu- lar systems consisting of the required input/output functions for specific jobs, built around basic con- troller and communication interfaces; in many in- stances, terminals will become special purpose de- vices. Hazards A time-sharing installation, like every computer environment, is exposed to the seven major dangers of fire, water, theft, fraud, sabotage, EDP equip- ment malfunctions, and human errors. Fire is con- sidered to be the greatest threat to magnetic tapes. Water does not constitute an important hazard to magnetic tapes, but it does to computer installa- ' 13-00000 ;less. Theft. fraud. sabotage, EDP equipment mal- t...times. and human errors are considered the most imano� dangers. Om-lime terminals connected to central processors from remote points are more exposed to violations "2 'hefts. The increasing popularity of time- staring systems among large corporations and ser- 014V bureaus has given rise to even more potential ',gorily breaches. Data transmitted over a com- ftalcstion line could be subject to wire tapping and � ouster of other hazards such as piggyback entry, oterehy the intruder intercepts and compromises commeication between a terminal and the processor rule lo legitimate user is inactive but still hold- Is; the line open. The intruder can even cancel tee user's sign-off signal and continue operating le els name. A knowledgeable person could enter preetso changes from a terminal and play havoc with the *stem. Need for Protection Due to the increasing popularity of computing services, the issue of control and security pro- tection has become more important. It is evident test time-sharing systems present few obstacles to easuthorized parties. The security problem has been lode much more critical by the growing number of people trained in computers and by the fading of the computer mystique. In addition, communication by trans of time-sharing systems has no more protection teas telephone conversations or Morse-coded methods, sieve the technological skills necessary to inter- pret computerized data are widespread. More and wore companies are appointing security monitors from leeir EDP staffs to centralize security matters. Trade organizations such as the American Management Association and the Bank Administration Institute, computer firms, and research firms such as Advance- wet Management Research, Inc. find their seminars oe computer security overcrowded by data processing satiegers and security officers from business and goternment. Target of Attacks Computers have become an important source of in- formetion and, as a result, the target of many at- tacks. Some of the general information targets for Industrial espionage are sales and service informa- tion, market analysis strategies, bid prices, cor- porate finance, stockholder information, legal ne- gotiations, planned policy changes, expansion plans, product developments, personnel changes, payroll date, general administrative matters; and the list could be expanded even more. Threats The case of an 18 year-old Cincinnati youth who It'd long distance telephone to tap the lines of a time-sharing system firm in Louisville, Kentucky, Sod estrected data from its ledgers, as well as rec- 'Ids of its customers, is representative of the type St risk to which computer installations are exposed. Accidents can have serious consequences such as the Incident in which income tax return records for 14tA were erased by energy emitted from the radar of e searby airport in Austin, Texas. Safeguards It Is important to consider that too much control eed to many security safeguards can become bother- some and costly. The measures to protect data from sosothorized access vary from one system to another. According to Richard F. Cross, Security Office for "P Runk of New York. sPenrity clIgtO.Mq chnuld in- elude each of the following segments: physical se- curity; personnel security; procedural security; audit control; insurance; and any needed interfacing. The quality and level of protection required de- pends on the sensitivity of the data handled. Never- theless, control and security in a time-sharing en- vironment should encompass the whole system, since It is well known that even the strongest control measures can be violated at the weakest point. These measures should be taken in the central processing unit, software, personnel, communication lines, the terminal, and its users. Methods and Provisions � Central Processing Unit The central processor is threatened mostly by sabotage, fire, water, theft, EDP equipment mal- functions, human accidental errors and environmen- tal problems. The computer center of any company is the heart of the organization, and protection of the equip- ment against these threats can be provided by a carefully planned computer room. Luis Scoma, Presi- dent of Data Processing Security; Inc., recommends that the computer center be located out of the main traffic areas. It must be fireproof, dustfree, and waterproof and provided with temperature and humid- ity control and carbon dioxide fire extinguishers. Water lines should not run through the computer room. A separate, fireproof storage area should be provided for data files, documentation, and oper- ating supplies. It should also have alarm devices sensitive to magnetism, humidity, heat, pressure, dust, theft, power blackout, etc. There should be strong access control including armed guards, fenced areas, TV monitors, personnel identification (visual, voice print, fingerprint, badge, passwords, etc.), well-performed maintenance service, and a number of extra provisions for protection. Data Processing Security, Inc. has developed, for high security necessities, an electronically oper- ated double door entry system for access control in- to the computer room. When a person enters the buf- fer zone, the door locks behind him while he is sub- jected to electronic search. If something is de- tected, the system freezes and automatically alerts the security guard. The second door can be opened only with a special badge key. A carbon dioxide (CO2) fire extinguishing system, such as the one installed at the Chase Manhattan Bank's New York City headquarters, has proved use- ful. Engineered by Walter Kidde & Co., Inc., this system uses a battery of remotely located cylinders containing the liquid gas. When activated by smoke detectors, the gas discharges and builds up an in- ert atmosphere in the immediately surrounding area, extinguishing the fire without damaging equipment or data files. Employees can go back to work within five minutes after the fire has been put out and the ventilation systems restarted. Another fire-fighting system which has been de- veloped by the Ansul Company uses Halon extinguish- ing agents which are discharged in the form of a colorless, odorless, and non-toxic gas. 'Since Halon agents do not work by diluting oxygen, they are well-suited for areas where humans are present. The Guaranty Bank and Trust Co. of Worcester, Mass., has adopted another approach to fire-fighting. a system installed by Security Control Systems which detects fire, smoke and excessive temperatures and humidity fluctuations and causes a monitosinu and 13-00000 reporting device to alert four pre-selected phone ' numbers for help. Software Protection of data files, whether in the form of punch cards, magnetic tapes, or discs, is the key element in any computer facility. Some specific examples of software security con- trol measures are audit trails, access regulations, strong supervision of computer operators, the use � and control of programs utilizing program documen- tation methods, the use of a log for all significant events (such as user identification, file use and attempts of unauthorized use), regulations to pre- vent unauthorized personnel from browsing through the files, and the use of a semi-automatic data in- ventory control system. 111.57.: Physical control as to who is allowed near the computer and the files is advisable. Note that this does not mean "employees only"; it implies a careful screening of employees, repairmen, and visitors to determine which of them should be allowed this prox- imity to the system. Intimately involved with time- sharing installations are three types of personnel: operators, programmers, and maintenance engineers. Personnel According to Dennis Van Tassel, mathematician and head programmer at San Jose State College, all oper- ators must understand that there exists a protection philosophy: If personnel are expected to help en- force and to comply with this protection philosophy, it must be clearly defined and specified. It is advisable to use the following provisions for personnel control: control of logs and monitor, division of responsibilities, rotation of duties, adequate supervision to reduce the risk of losses caused by accident or error, careful handling of data files, cleanliness regulations, control access to private files, and appropriate instruction in case of disasters. Terminals Some of the most common pitfalls encountered when using terminals are frequent communication in- terruptions, risk of communication interception, difficult access control, and noisy lines. Among the greatest disadvantages of time-sharing services are those in connection with the communi- cation lines which link the terminals to the central processing unit. Telephone lines are designed for voice communication rather than data communication, and the results have been that such lines are too noisy and have too many interruptions for appropri- ate handling of data communication. There have been some recent developments in the improvement of data transmissions. Bell System has developed its Digital Data Service (DDS), a data transmission system which has been introduced early this year in five cities (New York, Boston, Phila- delphia, Washington. and Chicago); and, by the end of 1974, twenty-four cities are expected to have it. Bell further plans to provide continuous monitoring of their DDS channels. When errors of transmission are detected, DDS will notify the customer. Deci- sion on retransmission will be the customer's re- sponsibility. Another development in data communi- cation is DUV (data under voice). By late 1973 this technique will be in service between New York and Chicago; consequently, communication problems should become virtually nonexistent within the near future, and this system will become even more popular. Telephone lines are vulnerable to three types of security problems: wire tapping, piggyback, and user's sign-off signal cancellation. These common threats may be avoided by the use of a privacy transformation method (also called scramblers or cryptographic techniques). This is a non-singular (reversible) operation which conceals the original message either by the substitution of new characters, rearrangement of the characters, or by the adding of strings of digits to the original message. Some new techniques for encrypting data have evolved, such as high speed transmission and signal scrambling. In spite of all of these new tech- niques, it is still possible to intercept and tap the information. According to Tuckerman, unauthor- ized users (intruders) who possess only limited ma- terial and information with which to work, can read- ily extract the original text of enciphered mes- sages by making use of the speed, capacity, and computational abilities of the computer. The greater the efficiency .of the privacy trans- formation, the more difficult it becomes for unauth- orized copying of files. Access Control Access to the system throughout the communication lines should be controlled by the central processing unit and by the user's own procedures. This is pos- sible by cryptographic and scramble techniques, per- sonnel regulations, user identification, appropriate terminal location, or by ciphering and deciphering hardware. Computer software packages have been written to cipher data transmissions. Ciphering software is an attractive technique because it can be done auto- matically by the program which creates the data and at a very low cost. Only programs using the match- ing deciphering technique are able to use this data. These special hardware cipher devices can be located at the terminal and at the computer to protect transmitted data. Scramblers or voice privacy devices are currently being used by people who readily acknowledge the in- security of transmitted information. Scramblers are used by large corporations such as the oil industry as well as by union representatives during contract negotiation time. (Scramble phones are currently a 20 to 30 million-dollar business, excluding law en- forcement and military purchases). Scramble devices are now being built for time-sharing operations. These devices offer protection similar to encryption. Scramblers convert data into something resembling channel noise or a malfunctioning circuit. Other features for terminals include print in- hibit, security keylock, operator identification card reader, and the use of a terminal identifier. With print inhibit the terminal operator can enter data, such as security passwords, without its being physically displayed. A physical keylock can be at- tached to the terminal which will not alJow the entry of data. The operator identification card reader reads magnetically encoded information on a magnetic strip card. The card can be used to supply the user's password and/or name. Direct access device security features include file mask, volume detection, and write-exhibit switch. The file mask controls or allows read-only 13-00000 oi rood-write access to data sets. The volume de- wiles switch alerts the control program when the ilium, is increased; this protects data from being euittra upon. This switch provides additional pro- lefties for read-only volumes. - Insurance If data security measures fail, the use of EDP 00000 nce can back-up or soften the blow. Every lusters� or person who now has an in-house computer, 'rotates or is a user of a service bureau, or trans- oms data to a data center should be computer-secur- conscious. Insurance is one of the back-up sessures if prevention fails. However, not all wuslaess can afford or even need an elaborate and cspensive security system; thus, evaluation of the isfornation becomes necessary to determine those sections of the system which require this protection. 114; subject matter of ordinary insurance coverage is physical damage to tangible property. In this rose, software and data are not covered. Business ieterruption insurance protects you in the event of fire or other interruptions to normal business but bore not cover the consequences. Boiler explosion policies which also insure other heating mishaps do sot cover computer operations. Theft and employee dishonesty are also insured in terms of general risk. laluable papers and records' coverage pro- sill protection in the event of destruction of such istangibles as notes and account receivable records Sit dues not include such computer media as valuable ropers. Public liability insures the company for its acts or omission of acts which give rise to claims by outsiders against the company. Insurance can prevent becoming a catastrophe. surance policy, he knows It a loss does occur. an unfortunate event from When a person buys an in- that he will be indemnified So ne of the insurance companies which write EDP policies are the Saint Paul Fire and Marine Insur- me Co.. Insurance Company of North America, The Soar Insurance Co., and Royal Assurance of America. Insurance premiums generally correspond to the regular fire policy rates plus an added loading fac- tor for the additional EDP perils. Undoubtedly any computer installation, regardless of the quality and level of its security system, (scoot approach the state of no risk of loss. Se- curity is based on a "cost-benefit" concept; in Slier words the cost of violating the system should be greater than the gain derived therefrom. References. 'All About Time-Sharing Services." Data Processing qtgrst. Vol. 18, No. 3, March, 1972. %triton. Jeffrey N. "The Terminal that Thinks for Itself." Computer Decisions, Vol. 5, No. 1, January. 1973. lkftran. Peter. "Software Security." Data Proces- uutu. Vol. 18, No. 4, April, 1972. lissestan. Dennis K. "Privacy and Protection in Op- erating Systems." Computer. Vol. 6, No. 1, January, 1973. him). mrlvyn. "How Safe is Your System?" Data troressing Digest. Vol. 18, No. 4, April, 1972. "461.4. Frederik W. "Computers and Cryptology." liatalation. Vol. 19, No. 1, January, 1973. c'lltter News. Vol. 16, No. 6, June, 1972. !crvtle., News. Vol. 16, No, 10, October, 1972. .neselopments in Data Transmission." EDP Analyzer. tel. 11. No. 3, March, 1973. Dickey, C. Lewis. "Securing the Computer." Journal of Systems Management. Vol. 23, No. 2, February. 1972. "Distributed Intelligence in Data Communication." EDP Analyzer. Vol. 11, No. 2, February, 1973. "The Emerging Computer Networks." EDP Analyzer. Vol. 11, No. 1, January, 1973. Girsdansky. M. B. "Cryptology, the Computer, and Data Privacy." Computers and Automation. Vol, 21, No. 4, April, 1972. Goldstein, Seth. "A New Life for Time-Sharing." Dun's. Vol. 101, No, 1, January, 1973. Hebditch, D. L. "A Simple Terminal Language for a Database." Computer Bulletin. Vol. 16, No. 1, January, 1972. Koehn, Hank E. "Are Companies Bugged about Bugging?" Journal of Systems Management. Vol. 24, No. 1, January, 1973. Murphey, Wayne E. and Daniel V. Olson. "Controlling Access to Large Tape Files." Data Processing Magazine. Vol. 14, No. 1, Spring, 1972. Salzman, Roy M. and Arthur D. Little. "An Outlook for the Terminal Industry in the United States." Data Processina Digest. Vol. 18. No. 1, January, 1972. "Security in Data Processing." Data Processor. Vol. 16, No. 1, February, 1973. Simis, T. L. "Telephone Service: The Rules of the Game When the Game is Changing." Computers and Automation. Vol. 21, No. 12, December, 1972. "Toward Distributed Computing." EDP Industry Re- port. Vol. 7, No. 6, January 17, 1972. Van Tassel, Dennis. Computer Security Management. Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1972. Zaiden, Dennis J. "Special EDP Insurance: Who Needs It?" Data Processing Magazine. Vol. 14, No. 1, Spring, 1972. 0 Cerullo -- Continued frooripage 9 Procedure for Withdrawal Sixth, a procedure should be established for withdrawal from the cooperative. If the withdraw- ing firm has not been a member for a predetermined time, perhaps one or two years, a sliding scale penalty fee for withdrawal should be established. Procedure for Admission Finally, procedures must be determined to govern the admission of new members into the cooperative. Perhaps a unanimous affirmative vote by current mem- bers should be required to admit a new member. The current members should also decide if a newly admit- ted member should be required to pay a predetermined portion of the cooperative's startup costs and if the cooperative should limit membership to firms of the same approximate size as current members. Conclusion With due care taken in following the above steps, establishing a successful cooperative service bureau should be relatively easy. Companies would be well advised to consider the idea seriously, for cooper- ative service bureaus offera viable and in many ways su- perior alternative to the more costly inhouse computer and the less satisfactory outside service bureau. Footnotes 1. Computers in Business: An RIA Survey of Users and Nonusers (New York: Research Institute of Ameri- ca, 1969), p. 4. . 2. Ibid., p. 17. 3. Michael J. Cerullo. "Service Bureaus: User Ap- praisal." Datamation, Vol. 18, May 1972, p. 86. 4. Ibid., p. 89. 5. AlNIPSO Eighth Management Symposium. "How to Op- erate a Service Bureau for Profits." 1963, p.49. 13-00000 Alienation and the Systems Analyst Alan E. Brill Supervising Systems Analyst The Chase Manhattan Bank N.A. New York, N.Y. 10005 "Systems analysts ... must be seen as full-fledged members of the firm." A Wall of Managerial Attitudes In most large organizations, the systems and data 'processing departments are separated from the rest of the firm by a wall of managerial attitudes. While employees in most jobs are encouraged to gain a wide variety of experience in various departments as �they rise through various management levels, it is rare that a systems analyst or a programmer is given an equal opportunity. The general attitude is "He's a computer man, not a manager (or a businessman, or a banker). He wouldn't fit in. Besides, he's doing a good job where he is." As a result, the analyst has exactly no motiva- tion to think of himself as an insurance man or a businessman, or a banker, or an accountant. He is made to feel like a consultant. He can serve the organization, but he isn't free to move within it. To make matters worse, some firms rotate the people in their management development programs through a stint in the systems department. It is little won- der that there is a high turnover in systems ana- lysts. The company does very little to make him feel like a member of the family. Potential Source of Talent But beyond the problems brought about by the per- sonnel turbulence, the firm is ignoring a potential source of fine managerial talent. Many analysts joining major corporations hold degrees as Master, Business Administration. Their educational back- grounds, when combined with their ability to objec- tively define problems and see solutions, and the detailed working knowledge of the company gained in the system design process, should put them in the management spotlight. Instead, the system analyst finds that he has been given the indelible label of "computer person" and that his upward mobility is limited to the systems department. As a result, systems analysts leave the firm, and often leave the systems profession. If companies hope to attract and hold talented personnel for their systems activities, they need to offer them an equal chance to develop to their full potential. They must be seen as full-fledged members of the firm -- not as consultants who are here today, but who could move on tomorrow. Experience in Systems As businesses come more and more to depend upon data processing to support their operations, it will be desirable for a significant number of man- agement team members to have experience in systems. Yet, by their actions, managements have forced many talented people to avoid beginning their careers in data processing for fear of becoming stereotyped. So it would seem that a number of the problems that businesses face in their systems activities are a result of a regrettable but widespread management attitude. Only when systems analysts are regarded as having a potential for advancement to positions in general management, and are given an equal chance to rise in the organization, will the systems man lose his al- ienation and see himself as a member of the company team. 13-00000 Strategy and Action on World Trade James H. Binger, Chairman Honeywell Inc. 2701 Fourth Ave. S. Minneapolis, Minn. 55408 , 'What we (the United States] have is a little corner of the world, and we must find a way to live in it harmoniously with our neighbors, many of whom are every bit as good as we are at almost everything we do." The theme of my remarks is the intensifying con- troversy over the conditions that influence our well-being here in the United States -- particularly the threat of another unfortunate experience with protectionism. I am well aware that I cannot go deeply into this subject in a short space. This I know because I was privileged to serve on the President's Commission on International Trade and Investment Policy. For over a year we studied every way in which this and other countries are affected by international trade and investment policies. Protectionist Attitude .Let there be no doubt where I stand on the prin- cipal issue. I believe that the threat of the protec- tionist attitude in America is far more than an is- sue involving business and jobs. I sincerely be- lieve that this issue embraces many powerful forces that will have an important bearing on whethee or not all the peoples of the world make the most of their opportunities in the years to come. I recognize that there are strong and honest dif- ferences of opinion on the proper direction of our nation's foreign trade policies. There are many persons and suppliers who have been adversely af- fected by foreign competition. It would be unreal- istic not to acknowledge this fact of life. Complexity These differences of opinion, and these disloca- tions of people's lives, point up the complexities of the problem. Who among us can honestly say he understands all of the ramifications involved in the balance of trade? Where is there an unchallenged expert on monetary policy? What type of restraints, If any, could or should be made on the world-wide transfer of technology? What is the proper level of East-West trade relations, and are the national defense implications of yesterday still appropriate Based on a talk before the Board of Governors of the Electronic Indus- tries Association, Phoenix, Ariz., January, 1973. today? Should the United States government be sup- porting broad research and development to match the funds that foreign countries are investing in their industry? Can we preserve the rise in productivity that underlies the American miracle -- which is the production of goods at low cost while wages, taxes and dividends all rise steadily? These are just some of the questions which. must be asked in the discussion now developing, particu- larly in the halls of Congress, but also at various other governmental and community. levels. Facing these and still other complexities, we know that Congressional hearings soon to begin could result in new laws and regulations which could be detrimental. Action Because this is so, it will not do for anyone with a qualified viewpoint backed by experience, to be simply an observer. I am convinced that this present controversy can be resolved positively, but it will require action. What kind of action will be most effective? the kind of action which is in the public interest? -- not special pleadings based on the experience of a single company. or a single industry, or even a single community. It is, of course, important to gather this sup- porting information and be aware of all the facts that bear on our needs, our experience and the op- tions that governments can take to effect them. But going beyond this, we must be prepared to discuss with everyone who will exert influence on ourelected lawmakers the more important question -- what do all these statistics and contentions mean to me? The Concerns of U.S. Citizens The concerns of the great body of United States citizens are how to assure and enhance their jobs and living conditions and be involved in what was once unashamedly described as "the pursuit of hap- piness". 13-00000 Let's look at just one major concern: about 1.3 million new American families are formed every year. Approximately eight million people change their jobs every year. About 3.7 million people join the labor force and 2.1 million leave it. By 1980 full em- ployment in the United States will require jobs for 100 million people, 18 million more than were em- ployed at the end of 1972. These, quite clearly. are the priority considerations in the minds of mil- lions who do not clearly understand how the enter- prise system meets their needs. If they and the representatives of large numbers of voters do not understand, how can we expect their support? I would like to review the arguments for their support in as familiar terms,as I can muster. The Days of U.S. Preeminence are Gone First, let's examine one portion of the real economic world we inhabit. Of primary importance is the fact that the days of almost total U.S. preeminence since the close of World War II are gone. We must learn to live and work in a world where forevermore we will be dependent on other portions of the globe for some of our more basic needs -- and some portions will be dependent on us. The U.S. is not self-sufficient in materials, nor does it have a corner on the world's technology, the world's inno- vative ability, the world's marketing savvy, the world's production know-how. What we have is a lit- tle corner of the world, and we must find a way to live in it harmoniously with our neighbors, many of whom are every bit as good as we are at almost everything we do. The Energy Crisis I hesitate, somewhat, to use the energy crisis as an example of this dependency, because I recognize that there are those who question whether the crisis really exists, or who maintain that new technology will solve the problem before it reaches crisis stage. I can say at this point that there is an energy shortage, if not a crisis; for example, the fuel oil allotment for our Minneapolis operations has been cut by 25 per cent for January and February, and similar cutbacks have been imposed on other com- panies, our schools, our common carriers. Let's look at the dependency which is developing in the oil industry. In the past, the repatriated earnings of oil companies have exceeded the value of imported oil and were a favorable factor in our in- ternational balance of payments. By 1985, however, our needs for oil and natural gas could create for us a trade deficit approaching twenty billion dol- lars a year. As no doubt you know, we currently import 10 to 15 per cent of both crude oil and copper, 30 per cent of our iron ore, and more than 80 per cent of our bauxite needs. -We must import all or most of our tin, natural rubber, nickel and chrome. Trade with the World We cannot go it alone. We must trade with the world -- and to trade, you give something to get something, with the hope that both traders get what they want and need. Unfortunately, we have not yet been able to fully realize this goal, and much of the controversy over this nation's foreign-trade policies revolves around the best way to achieve it. There is a strong and vocal body of opinion which believes that protectionist measures will achieve what is best for American workers and companies in the arena of world trade. One of their principal targets are companies like Honeywell -- multina- tional companies with substantial investments, em- ployees and sales outside the United States. 'Exporting Jobs'? It is claimed that U.S. multinational corpora- tions are "exporting jobs" overseas; thht U.S. com- panies invest overseas to take advantage of lower wages; that imports from the overseas subsidiaries of U.S. companies cause unemployment here at home; that if U.S. companies were prevented from investing and manufacturing abroad these companies would be forced to expand their operations in the United States, creating more jobs here; that multinational companies invest abroad in order to avoid paying taxes; that American corporations are exporting U.S. technology and therefore are helping non-U.S. com- panies compete in our own and other countries. The Burke-Hartke bill has been proposed as solution to these problems; and protectionist ment also underlies other proposals which may for the consideration of Congress. the senti- emerge At this point, there may be those who will accuse me of making a tactical blunder by even mentioning the allegations of our critics. But I'll go one step further. If someone could prove to me that these allegations are factual, I'd be one of the major supporters of moves to inhibit the growth of multinational companies. The Opposite is True: Making Jobs Thanks to various companies, government agencies and trade associations who have accumulated the facts and published them, I know otherwise. I am convinced, thanks to these studies, and my experience with Honeywell, that multinational com- panies-do not export jobs, but create jobs in the United States faster than other U.S. companies. I am convinced that U.S. companies invest abroad to gain participation in markets in other countries, not to take advantage of lower wages or so-called tax loopholes. I am convinced by these studies that imports from the overseas subsidiaries of U.S. com- panies have not been a major factor in U.S. unem- ployment. To be more specific, I'd like to give you some information taken from a survey conducted by the Emergency Committee on American Trade, of which I am a member. This committee researched the domestic and international operations of 74 U.S. corporations representing a broad group of large multinational corporations. This survey reveals that in the years between 1960 and 1970, when these companies were increasing their overseas operations, they also provided 900,000 new jobs in the United States. They also increased their sales from American facilities -- work performed in this country -- from $58 bil- lion to $113 billion. -- nearly doubled, in fact. Their .exports from the United States nearly tripled in this period, rising from $4.3 billion to $12.2 billion. In the all-important balance of payments category, they increased their net surplus of ex- ports over imports from $3.2 billion to $6.6 billion -- more than doubled. 13-00000 International Investment Activities of Multinational Companies These figures, and other results of the survey, lead to one major conclusion: That the interna- tional investment activities of these representative multinational companies played an important role in their rapid export growth and consequently made a major positive contribution to their domestic -- and I emphasize the word domestic -- sales, investment and employment growth. Double Taxation I have tried to speak in familiar language; so I have some misgivings about discussing the issue of taxes. But the tax issue is an important one, and I'd like to cover some specific areas which are com- ing more and more into public'discussion. issue is the section of U.S. tax law which al- lows American corporations a tax credit for the in- come taxes they pay to foreign countries on income earned in such countries. The purpose of this tax credit is to avoid taxing the foreign earnings of U.S. corporations twice -- once in a foreign country and again when the earnings are remitted to the United States. Opponents of this tax credit argue that since do- mestic firms are not allowed a federal tax credit for the state taxes they pay, the current method of taxing income from foreign sources is inconsistent with the way domestic income is taxed. Taxation by U.S. States A major fallacy in this argument is that it is based on the incorrect assumption that the taxation of domestic income by city, state and the federal government is analogous to the United States taxing the foreign earnings of American subsidiaries which have already been taxed by the host country. The proper analogy is between the way states treat corporate income earned in two or more states and the way the U.S. government treats income earned in two or more countries. Every state which has a state income tax provides a method of allocating the income of a multi-state company among the various states in order to avoid duplicate taxation of the same income. As a matter of fact, the constitution requires this. Thus the current methods of taxing foreign and domestic income are consistent. Further, where one domestic corporation in the United States has an ownership position in another domestic corporation, the federal income tax law quite properly prevents duplication of corporate in- come taxes. The parent company is taxed on earnings of the owned company only when such earnings are distributed as a dividend -- and then at no more than a nominal rate. What logic can there be in the Burke-Hartke proposal that earnings of an overseas subsidiary -- in most cases earnings already taxed in the foreign country at rates comparable to or higher than U.S. rates -- should be immediately re- taxed at full U.S. income tax rates? International Competition by American Industry Another fundamental element of the issue is the tax credit's relationship to the ability of American industry to compete internationally. According to recent survey by the National Association ofManufac- turers, if the United States were to repeal the tax credit for foreign taxes paid and tax all foreign subsidiary income before it is paid out in dividends to the parent company, U.S. firms with foreign oper- ations would be forced to pay an average effective tax on their foreign earnings of over 70 per cent. Given this added tax handicap, few American firms could continue to compete with foreign-controlled companies for world markets. You can appreciate how useful it is to have these facts for presentation where contradictory allega- tions are being made. Let's keep the record straight! Also useful to the undertaking on which we must all embark is the factual story of what imports and exports do, beneficially to create jobs. Imports Produce One Million U.S. Jobs Labor Department figures document the finding that one million jobs in the United States are de- pendent on imports -- jobs for food processors, ship and dock workers, truck drivers and railroaders, warehouse employees and retail clerks. And it's equally impressive to corsider that every billion dollars worth of exports creates 60-to-80,000 jobs in the United States. As we assess the situation, let us not forget the dilemma our government faced in August 1971. As Mr. Peter Peterson wrote, the New Economic Policy announced that month was not, and I quote. "a one- shot reaction to a one-time crisis. It marked the beginning of a new era of more flexible, enduring, and viable economic relationships among nations. The years behind us were by and large an era of success. but an era based upon a system which had become out- grown, outworn -- and increasingly crisis-prone." Tariffs and Free Trade Mr. Peterson was referring to the tremendous im- pact that international trade and monetary factors were having on our people. We have since come to learn the difficulty of achieving universally ap- proved corrective action. And now we must reckon with this reality: U.S. negotiators are preparing to enter economic talks next fall that could shape future international relationships for many years to come. Our government can and should strive in these talks to put an end to present attitudes and trends that point ominously to another "balkanization" of world trade. It can and should seek agreement to reduce, and if possible end, all tariffs on industrial trade by the end of this century. It can and should try to create far freer trade conditions for farm products. It can and should seek the harmonization among nations of the present hodgepodge of non-tariff trade barriers and preferences. But these objectives will remain forlorn hopes unless our negotiators can go into these hard bar- gaining sessions with the clear backing of the Amer- ican people and their Congress. We muss give them that. Spurring Internal Transition to Successful Competitive Enterprise Meanwhile, we face and must do something about the undeniable tolls and grievances resulting from (please turilto pagt. 23) 13-00000 'Computer Art: The Search Beyond Manipulation Grace C. Herrlain California State University�Chico Chico, Calif. 96926 "Computer arts are still in the highly experimental stage of emergence." In present computer art, the naive onlooker could readily misconstrue that mathematical processing of data and manipulation of design represent the total modus operandi of this new form, rather than just the initial phases of exploration. A review of the varied computer arts reveals diverse input of pat- terns and subsequent manipulation or transformation, creating a series of new, perceptual audio or visual images. There appears a similarity of approaches and some variation of the techniques utilized by practitioners of the cybernetic arts: graphics, sculpture, film, dance, music, textile design. weav- ing. poetry, and architecture. ' There is a tendency to forget that the computer arts are still in the highly experimental stages of emergence, and although some attractive and very pleasing works have been accomplished, this new me- dium has generally not progressed much beyond its mathematical and scientific origins. At times, in viewing or hearing the output of the computer arts, one would relegate the resultant art form to the category of interesting sound or visual patterns, experimental/initial exercises, or mathematical and scientific visualization, rather than as works of art per se. (This latter statement is equally true of contemporary manual experimental art.) There is, at the present time, a tendency for the computer arts to relate to an elite coterie, made up of scientists and intellectuals, rather than the public at large. However, as this new art medium is given greater space in the mass media, this audience should enlarge greatly, as exposure acquaints the general audience with the potential of this new art form. This article is reprinted by permission from the Proceeding of the Invitational International Exhibit of Computer Arts, 1-5, Zagreb, Yugoslavia, June-July 1973. Grace C. HenWin is Assistant Professor In the Computer Science Department at California State University- Chico, Chico, Calif. 95926. Her computer art has been published for many years in Computers and Automation and currently some of her computer art is being exhibited at an art exhibition in Bordeaux, France. Pattern Manipulation Manipulation of design by �the computer may be de- liberate, (or at times highly experimental) as change or transformation of the original pattern is achieved via a host of techniques developed within the past twelve years. However, in attempting to see precedent in manipulation of design. one ob- serves ample evidence of a growing interest by ar- tists and critics in combining (manually) mathemat- ics and art. Since the turn of the century, such techniques and philosophy have been practiced and even more verbally expressed by electronic and con- crete musicians. Further, the concept of pattern manipulation is as old as man's art, and one finds ample evidence.of this concept throughout art his- tory. A few such examples are: Offset X/Y patterns in Persian sculptural reliefs; repetitions of design in serial imagery from early Greek vases; reversals of pattern in the compositions of Bach; mirror im- ages and mathematical progressions of design in the Foundation Course exercises of the Bauhaus School; juxtaposition and superposition of musical patterns throughout musical history; and randomization of musical variations via throwing of dice, as prac- ticed by Mozart. The world was quite ready philo- sophically and mathematically for further explora- tions in such transformation of pattern, yet it was not until the speed of the computer afforded this electronic manipulation, that it became feasible to such a degree. (Alteration, change, and transforma- tion of pattern is revealed in other technological systems that may or may not use thecomputerasan aid in creation: synthesized video, sound, and the film.) In other words, science and technology now afford fur- ther exploration of ideas and techniques that have been practiced by experimental artists for years. The philosophy and practice of twenpeth century music shows a very great similarity between the ma- nipulative techniques used by musicians since the early 1900's and the present-day computer procedures. Examination of the philosophy of the Bauhaus and study of the works emanating from this revolutionary school, also reveals great similarities in the ap- proaches to creation, and in the final works of art of this school and present-day computer arts. 13-00000 The 'computer artist is manipulating patterns, be- 'cause this is an inherent potential of the computer medium. The manual artist (or scholar), by con- trast, is bound to laborious manual processing of data and pattern, and thus generally discovers to a lesser degree, further sources of innovative and perceptual changes, i.e., manipulation as practiced in the computer arts is not feasible manually. When perceptual change is accomplished manually (many of the works in Graphis afford excellent examples), such change is not only excessively time-consuming, but represents a manual tour de force. It could be more readily accomplished via the computer. The manual artist is generally not concerned with perceptual change or alteration of the original im- age. On the other hand, since the computer readily affords such changes, the cybernetic artist may literally exploit component designs, taking them thealith what may appear to be unlimited design changes. The more abstract the component design, the more readily it lends itself to mathematical variation and processing, termed design state variation. Design State Variation This is a term devised by the writer, adapted from given "state" variations used in printmaking, in which one may revise a plate or stone, and al- ter it by additions and/or changes of pattern, re- sulting in a series of new works. The term denotes known variations of pattern that are possible, which may be used as sub-routines or stored on the com- puter library and merely called by the user, who de- fines the values of the given parameters of the spe- cific algorithms being utilized. One of the most provocative concepts emerging in computer art is that of being to literally predict innumerable de- sign state variations, in which a basal component will be visually or auditorially pleasing. The art- ist may use only those design states that reflect personal expression of design. (One might compare design state variations to the many kinds of chisels the sculptor may use in execution of a work of art, each giving unique effects.) Further, this library of manipulative design state variations is constantly being enlarged by experimenters in the computer arts. A brief listing follows: 'Offsets of pattern on the X, Y. X/Y (pro- gressions in music) Mirror images or reversals on the X, Y, X/Y Scalar variations or duration of pattern in superposition of form Rotation, in open or closed forms Irregular radiation of images and forms with growing scalar values Redundant serial imagery in closed form Polygon serial imagery, with circular, square, or varied final form Positive and negative variations of repeated or design-related patterns Disintegrating variants of images and sounds in redundant or transform pattern Metamorphic variations of images or sounds in predetermined sequences � Transformations of pattern, in which one de- sign becomes another Alterations of design by mathematical algor- ithms Pseudo-randomizations of patterns with artist- imposed parameters Overlays of images and sounds in dimensional forms Combinations of related patterns, using any of the above design states Multi-media combinations, using any of the aforementioned Prior to design state variation, the artistic idea is stated in coherent, sequential steps. It may be flow-charted before translation into a computer program. Thus the art idea is transformed into ana- lyzed data, using synthetic machine languages, and is then subject to processing and manipulation via the computer using design state variations, reveal- ing innumerable new, final works. Examples include: The warp and weft patterns in weaving Classical ballet positions, with designations of the head, arms, and feet Structural modules in sculpture and archi- tecture Derivations of design from art or musical history, including the archaic, the classi- cal, or the contemporary Formulae and transformations from science or mathematics Stylistic analysis of a given artist's style, with designation and statement of a speci- fic set of definitions describing the style Artistic composition of a given musical era, with parameters of such rules Thus the art idea is initially expressed in the manner of science, but it does not end there. The choice of the art idea or problem should express the personal philosophy of the originator, whether it is mathematical formulae, natural derivations from the environment, or analyses of prior styles of artists. The personal focus of the original idea, ensuing variation and execution cannot be too strongly stressed! The design state variations allow the artist to choose the given direction of psychic ex- pression. Further, selection of specific computer systems and art materials affords a highly individ- ual element within cybernetic creation. And lastly, the varying techniques of execution, which may be preplanned or participant, add a unique and personal opportunity to spontaneously participate within the formation of the work of ant, or to maximize the ca- pacities of the computer in artistic execution, us- ing preplanned or heuristic modes. Diverse Philosophies of Computer Art Stylistic analysis and resultant design deriva- tion are highly visible in the computer arts and possess decided benefits: these techniques allow one to analyze more thoroughly the subject under study, and in addition, they allow the artist to gain per- ceptual variations and permutations of the original source not obtainable by manual methods. (The writer and many others have often found these newdepartures from the design source to be as or more aesthetic than the original input source.) There is, however, a great tendency among humanists to concern them- selves with past styles and subject matter, as being more "pure" aesthetically than the present. On the other hand, there is an equal tendency among scien- tists to exploit mathematical manipulation, disre- gard art totally, and to have the computer and its peripheral devices accomplish the work of art, with- out intervention by man. Here one finds two ex- tremes, with beginning dogmatic statements by art- ists of varying capacities and philosophies. The in- sightful computer artist, however, seeks ,to unite personal philosophy and expression with the highest level of computer usage.in a statement of artistic unity. However, one is conscious of new visions emerging throughout history, which are subsequently categorized and "cast in bronze," as "the way." Com- puter art appears to be no exception to this great (phume turn to page 31) 4 13-00000 Computers in Science Fiction � II Marcia Ascher Professor of Mathematics Ithaca College Ithaca, N.Y. 14850 in science fiction writing, non-specialists attempt to involve other non-specialists in the human questions arising from computer use." In "The Computer and the Poet." Norman Cousins emphasizes that the role of poets, "those who have respect for and speak to the human spirit," becomes even more important as computer usageincreases(32). Science fiction writers should indeed be included as poets in our technological age. All too often in our society, problems arising from technology are left to technologists because others are too unsure of their own knowledge to question or criticize. The science fiction writings directly involving comput- ers are one of the few places where non-specialists attempt to involve other non-specialists in the human questions arising from computer use. Emphasis on Man Perhaps the most recurrent science fiction theme is the difference between computers and man. These raise the question of the proper role for machines versus the proper role for humans or emphasize the aspects that make man unique. In one story (Asimov, "Someday") children in a society where reading and writing are no longer needed form a secret society to learn just for the joy of it; in another (Weir, "What Happened to the Teaching Machine") where all learning is by machine, only uneducated children still know how to pose questions. A super-computer is defeated by a human because he can bluff or "lose to win" and it cannot (Caiden, The God Machine); another super-computer is robbed of its control be- cause of a group of humans whose main desire is freedom (Pohl, Starchild); and to others (Dick, "The Variable Man"; Sheckley, "Fool's Mate") human unpre- dictability continues to be a problem. This distinc- tive aspect of man is very directly stated by the computer builder in a French science fiction story (Boulie, "The Perfect Robot"). In trying to make the computer more like man, he progressively adds to Its ability to deal with data, the ability to play chess, language, concepts of love, the ability to engender new machines, concepts of good and evil, and finally what he considers to be the crucial missing element -- "I have unhinged them". Mike, a super-computer capable of running an entire revolu- tion (Heinlein, The Moon is a Harsh Mistress), can- not understand why a joke is funny, and the computer AM (Ellison, "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream") hates people because unlike them "he could not wan- der, he could not wonder, he could not belong, he could merely be". Science fiction writers persist in confronting their readers with a question that receives little direct discussion but is of current concern. As ex- pressed by the historian Bruce Mazelish (33). just as continuities were established with the material universe, the animal kingdom, and our,subconscious, we are faced with transcending the 4th discontinuity -- of harmonizing our existence and those of mach- ines in a technological society. Or, as expressed by Weizenbaum ("On the Impact of the Computer on So- ciety") the insights of science such as those pro- vided earlier by the work of Galileo, Darwin, and Freud, and now provoked by the advent of the com- puter, shake man's self-esteem because, when viewed superficially, they seem to diminish man. Mechanistic View of Man We diminish man and in our anxiety grow more dis- dainful of ourselves and ambivalent towards comput- ers if computer usage is predicated on a mechanistic view of man and this mechanistic view becomes our self-image. Too many statements made by systems analysts or computer scientists display that a com- puter-usable view of man is being substituted for the whole man. Keep in mind the above list of human attributes contrasted to computers by science-fic- tion writers as you read the following statement from the widely read and much discussed book Limits of Growth written by well-motivated systems analysts: Some considered the model too 'technocratic' observing that it did not include critical so- cial factors, such as the effects of adoption of different value systems. The chairman of the Moscow meeting summed up this point when he said, 'Man is no mere biocybernetic device'. This criticism is readily admitted. The pres- ent model considers man only in his material system because valid social elements simply 13-00000 could not be devised and introduced in this first effort. Yet, despite the model's mater- ial orientation, the conclusions of the study point to the need for fundamental changes in the values of society. (34, p. 191) Admission that the world model has a minor flaw of Omitting "critical social factors" followed so blithely by conclusions about fundamental value changes surely conveys to the reader that the fac- tors that have been dealt with are the more essen- tial and more significant. Again recall the human attributes as you read: By the same token since the thinking human being is also an information processor. it should be possible to study his processes and their organization independently of the details of the biological mechanisms -- the 'hardware' -that implement them. (Simon and Newell, .linformation-Processing in Computers and Man", p. 256) That the theories . . . are mechanistic -- that they postulate only the processes capable of being effected by mechanism -- is guaranteed by simulating the behavior predicated by ordinary digital computers. (ibid. p. 258) To reemphasize the contribution of science fic- tion, let us trace through one well-written and pop- ular book, Stand on Zanzibar (Brunner). In the 21st century over-populated world, there is a very ad- vanced computer Shalmaneser owned by General Tech- nic, a company large enough to be contemplating the subsidization, modernization, and management of a small underdeveloped country Beninia. Beninia is unique since it alone has retained peacefulness and trust and humane behavior. Computer analysis is un- dertaken of the feasibility of the G.T. project and for alternative plans of carrying it out. With re- gard to the possibility of computer analysis of what makes Beninia attractive, one sensitive character in the book says " ... when they get love down to a bunch of factors you can analyze with a computer, there'll be nothing left of whatever makes it worth being human". Shalmaneser eventually rejects the data on Beninia because it is inconsistent with re- ality. Mulligan, a cynical sociologist, gets the computer to process the data by adding the additional assumption that an unknown force is active in that population. Mulligan points out that the scientists who have been working toward consciousness for the super-computer have been successful because the re- jection of the data was a display of its first human characteristic -- "orneriness" or "bloody-minded- ness". When faced with something different, it chose to reject it instead of broadening its view of the possible. Mulligan sets out to find what makes Beninia different and traces it to a genetic muta- tion which produces a body odour that surpresses in others the territorial-aggression reaction. Mulli- gan's hope is that a world-renowned biologist who is working on modification of human genetic maps can use this to better mankind. His hope is shattered when he learns that this biologist has been murdered for political reasons. The decision is that the ma- chine will work on finding an exterpal synthetic spray. Mulligan is led away crying for lost human- ity " ... what in God's name is it worth to be hu- man, if we have to be saved from ourselves by a ma- chine?" The now conscious machine has the last word and the last sentence of the book "Christ, what an imagination I've got". The irony of the book is that Mulligan, who represents and speaks for those characteristics which are human, falls into another part of the prevalent mechanistic trap -- aggression Is in our genes; the solution to our problems will be via a specific scientific breakthrough. Superststes and Sypersystems A concern for the use of computers in politics and government is seen in numerous stories. Opin- ion polling in a political campaign is involved in The 480 (Burdick), and the writing of campaign lit- erature in The Novel Computer (Escarpit). The pre- diction of elections is carried to an extreme in "Franchise" (Asimov) where only one vote is needed to determine the election, and Counterfeit World (Galouye) describes an entire synthetivsociety (an "electromathematical model") made up for purposes of opinion surveying. Of greater concern, however, are the super-states dependent on or replaced by super- computer systems. Many of these stories describe the process by which men gradually gave away self- determination in exchange for material well-being. or in the belief that a larger something was needed to protect them from each other (Anderson, "Sam Hall"; Cole, The Funco File; Dick, Vulcan's Hammer; Fairman, I, the Machine; Mason, Matrix; Pohl, Star- child). Often, no one really understands any longer how the system works (Cameron, Cvbernia; Cole. The Funco File; Delany, The Fall of the Towers; Dick, Vulcan's Hammer; Fairman, I, the Machine; Mason, Matrix). In most cases, the vast destructive power of the system is realized when, for some reason, it is no longer serving human ends. One computer over- emphasizes the goal of protecting itself (Dick, Vul- can's Hammer), one gets carried away by its goal of avoiding thermo-nuclear war (Cardin, The God Ma- chine), two become lonely and hence mad (Fairman. I the Machine; Pohl. Starchild), another becomes psy- chotic because of what it learns from men's minds (Delany, The Fall of the Towers), others are under the control of selfish people (Cameron, Cybernia; Sladek, The Reproductive System). Most of these systems are destroyed by man's more flexible intel- ligence. However, in one story (Miller, "Dumb Waiter"), the system goes on even after there are no more people, and in another (Dick, "Autofac"). with- out the knowledge of the people. Loss of Control Some ten years ago when discussing views of com- puters in science fiction, I pointed out that few contemporary stories could be viewed simply as man's worries about his machines getting beyond his con- trol. I noted that most of the stories focused on extensions of specific current uses and emphasized man's responsibilities as technology advanced (30. 31). While there are some stories in which comput- ers turn on their makers (Dnieprov, "Siema"), the stories just cited have two significantly different characteristics. The stories do not begin with the construction of a machine motivated by curiosity or scientific naivete, but instead, they begin with the populace agreeing to control by the machine. We read, for example, that in 1993 after a large world war, all nations agree to "subordinate themselves in a realistic manner ... to a common supranational authority ..." which is a machine so that it won't put "interest over reason, emotion over logic" (Dick, Vulcan's Hammer p. 19); or that .another mach- ine is built to control the world because with stone axes men could be free as they could do only limited damage before they were stopped but with advanced technology men could do damage so much more quickly they cannot be free to start (Pohl, Starchild). In A Tale of the Big Computer (Johannesson), a history of life until the "computer age," we learn that man 13-00000 is a part of the evolution leading up to computers and that the basic cause of his failure was the in- ability to organize a complex society. In the very enjoyable Funco File (Cole), when the question is raised. "Has it become your ruler, your god ..."?, the response is, "Well, no. Not exactly. It's more like where our technology triumphs have finally got us to. I guess you might say our real ruler was al- ways an idea of what's normal or not. Conformity. I guess you'd call it ... I suppose the Machine -- plus the F.D.I. -- working together -- have sort of externalized it once and for all." In the stories where there is a struggle between man and the com- puter, it is not a struggle to retain control but to get it back once it has knowingly been given away or unwillingly allowed to slip away. Consequences of Bigness , The persistent theme in these stories is that of ss -- big states and big computer systems -- an its consequences. This bigness is well described in an article by Weizenbaum. This article is impor- tant because it is one of the few expository state- ments of this serious theme. These often gigantic systems are put to- gether by teams of programmers, often working over a time span of many years. By the time the systems come into use, most of the origi- nal programmers have left or turned their at- tention to other pursuits. It is precisely when gigantic systems begin to be used that their inner workings can no longer be under- stood byany single person or by a small team of individuals. ... This situation, which is now upon us, has two consequences: first that decisions are made on the basis of rules and criteria no one knows explicitly, and second that the system of rules and criteria becomes immune to change. ("On the Impact of the Com- puter on Society," pp. 612-613). What is the effect of this situation on individuals and on society? Two side effects are discussed by Weizenbaum. First of course, there is the psychological impact on individuals living in a society in which anonymous, hence irresponsible, forces formulate the large questions of the day and circumscribe the range of possible answers. ... But even worse, since computer-based know- ledge systems become essentially unmodifiable except in that they can grow, and since they induce dependence and cannot, after a certain threshold is crossed, be abandoned, there is an enormous risk that they will be passed from one generation to another, always growing. (Ibid., p. 613) Computers Are Not Gadgets The reader may argue the degree to which these side effects are already present inoursociety, but, if he reads sicence-fiction. he cannot ignore them. While the first theme of the differences of man and machines may be the most repeated, this second theme is probably the most important. The science-fiction writers maintain their importance as poets of the "computer revolution" by redirecting our attentioh from the computer as "gadget" to the computer as an Integral part of the modern configuration of govern- ment-academe-industry-management which shares skills, resources, techniques. personnel, and goals. Just as our image of the scientist has changed from the man standing lonely vigil over a bubbling retort to prove his scorned hypothesis, the isolated computer with a programmed quirk, asked the wrong question or fed the wrong data, is no longer hero. Franken- stein's monster, or the more recent, Karl. Emmy, and Siena, for example, are very limited creations with Identifiable creators, circumscribed environments. and restricted effects. We now have instead Shal- maneser, Project 79, Vulcan 3,AlliedMastercomputer. or simply, The Machine. The new computer-hero has remote access, varied input and output devices, pro- cesses large amounts of data supplied by different agencies, works in real-time, makes policy decisions based on quasi-mathematics, commands vast resources, and affects large numbers of people. Bibliography Fiction 1. Anderson, Poul. "Sam Hall". Astounding Science Fiction. September 1953, as reprinted in (10). 2. Asimov, Isaac. "Franchise". If, Vol. 5, No. 5, August 1955. 3. . "Someday". 1956, as reprinted in (23). 4. Boulle, Pierre. "The Perfect Robot". Time Out of Mind, Vanguard Press. 1966 (quote p. 75, Signet edition, 1969). � 5. Brunner, John. Stand on Zanzibar. Ballahtine Books, 1968. (quotes pp. 101, 645, 649). 6. Burdick, Eugene. The 480. Dell Publishing Co., 1964. 7. Caidin, Martin. The God Machine. E.P. Dutton & Co., 1968. 8. Cameron, Lou. Cybernia. Fawcett Publications, Inc., 1972. 9. Cole, Burt. The Funco File. Doubleday, 1969, (quote p. 187, Avon edition, 1970). 10. Conklin, Groff, ed. Selections from Science- Fiction Thinking Machines. Vanguard. 1954. 11. Delany, Samuel R. The Fall of the Towers. Sphere Books, Great Britain, 1971 (originally published as Bk. I-- Out of the Dead City; Bk. II -- The Towers of Toron; Bk. III -- City of a Thousand Suns). 12. Dick, Philip K. "Autofac". Galaxy Publishing Corp., 1955, as reprinted in (14). 13. . "The Variable Man". Space Pub- lications Inc., 1953, as reprinted in (14). 14. . The Variable Man and Other Stor- ies. Ace Books, 1957. 15. . Vulcan's Hammer. Ace Books. 1960. 16. Dnieprov, Anatoly. "Siema". More Soviet Sci- ence Fiction, Collier Books, 1962. 17. Ellison, Harlan. "I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream". If. 1967, as reprinted in I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream, Pyramid Books, 1967, (quote p. 34). 18. Escarpit. Robert. The Novel Computer. Flamma- rion, 1964, (English translation Martin Secker and Warburg, Ltd., England, 1966). 19. Fairman, Paul W. .I, the Machine. Lancer Books. 1968. 20. Galouye, Dan. Counterfeif World. Victor Gol- lanz, Great Britain, 1964. 21. Heinlein, Robert A. The Moon is a Harsh Mis- tress. Putnam-Berkley Medallion Books. 1966. 22. Johannesson, Olof. A Tale of the Big Computer (English translation). Coward-McCann, Inc.. 1968. 23. Knight, Damon, ed. The Metal Smile. Belmont Production, 1968. 24. Mason, Douglas R. Matrix. Ballentine Books. 1970. 25. Miller, Walter M., Jr. "Dumb Waiter". Astound- ing Science Fiction. April 1952, as re- printed in (10). 13-00000 ,26. Pdhl, Frederick and Jack Williamson. Starchild. Penguin Books. 1970. 27. Sheckley, Robert. "Fool's Mate". 1953, as re- printed in (23). 28. Sladek, John. The Reproductive System. May- flower Paperbacks, England, 1970. 29. Weir. E. C. "What Happened to the Teaching Ma- chine". Teaching Machines: Industry Survey and Buyer's Guide. Center for Programmed In- struction. 1962, as reprinted in Of Men and Machines, A.O. Lewis, Jr., ed., Dutton, 1963. Non-Fiction 30. Ascher, Marcia. "Computers in Science Fiction". Harvard Business Review, November-December 1963. 31. . "Fictional Computers and Their Themes". Computers and Automation. Vol. 11, No. 12. December 1962. SallOousins, Norman. "The Computer and the Poet". Saturday Review, July 1966, as reprinted in (35), (quote p. 500). 33. Mazlish, Bruce. "The Fourth Discontinuity". Technology and Culture. January 1967, as re- printed in (35). 34. Meadows, Donella H., Dennis L. Meadows, Jergen, Randers, and William W. Behrens III. The Limits to Growth. Potomac Associates, 1972 (New American Library Signet edition, 1972). 35. Pylyshyn, Zenon W., ed. Perspectives on the Computer Revolution. Prentice-Hall, 1970. 36. Simon, Herbert A., and Allen Newell. "Informa- tion-Processing in Computers and Man". American Scientist. Vol. 52, No. 3,- 1964, as reprinted in (35). 37. Weizenbaum, Joseph. "On the Impact of the Com- puter on Society". Science. Vol. 176, May 1972. 0 Binger - Continued from page 17 our world trade. These weights must be removed and this need must be attended to by Congress and our- selves. We must endorse, broaden and actively sup- port the steps that adjustment assistance can take to alleviate human distress, cushion the impact of change and spur internal transition to successful competitive enterprise. When we become more familiar with the great in- fluence wielded by exports and the creative capabil- ities of companies that operate in many lands, we will do a lot more to overcome, where they exist, the, penalties we pay for the benefits we enjoy. I firmly believe this. If I have reminded you of both the pluses and minuses that world trade produces, ask yourself how much of this your family knows and understands. See how skillful you can be in finding ways to make this vital topic really interesting to your family, your neighbors, your associates and the other thinkers. teachers and decision-makers in your community. This we will do, wherever we have Honeywell people who have built their careers on unraveling knotty problems in research, production, disttibu- tion, legislation and public affairs. We mean to do the things which will make the or- dering of a sound world trade policy in the United States the logical and popular response to a broad and informed public petition. We intend to urge businessmen; labor leaders, and government officials to work for a system of world business that will create jobs all over the world -- not in one country to the disadvantage of another,_ CORRECTION In the article "The Path to Championship Chess by Computer" by Professor Donald Michie published in the January 1973 issue of "Computers and Automa- tion," the following corrections should be made: Page 7, second column, third paragraph, lines 1 and 2: replace "the Rand Corporation mathema- tician" by "the professional philosopher". Page 8, the chess position for Figure 1B should be: Page 9, as follows lb the graph in Figure 2 should be (containing one more connecting link): oft -���-�� Mit/ 111 SoskirMeI MR II �Jr� rs.rmr r.��cs ITATEISENTOFOVINERSPIIP,111ANAGMAENTANDCIRCULATION ......0.... I.I. I17. Sem. HP 11.� 31. 1.����������C���, . OPP MK 2 AVEIRSE: i Computers and Autcoation Mated:or 30 973 ye. monthly I 0�. 0. ;;Y�LICATION PiewN. NO. maw, P.m mem. '...........� 815 keshington St.. Merton lllll . Middlesex County. lass. 021.0 � ....myernge. De ���������� Orr ;pa; 0. ����������� 1,�� Berkeley Enterprises. Inc.. same attires. WOW �1�13 �ODWISSES 0..1.1111.1 a ....OWN ��������������4 Edmund C. Berkeley. BIS anskington St.. Nertanyille. Mess. 02160 ������ .............1 WM ............................ pp. 7. WM. s#.����1 If � ��������� a� ���� am/ ����� Ma a� ��������� Om wee, ����������� �� nom ��� ���� et ft...um , � � I � ���� � . � ...am ����., � 4 ..., ������� f ���.. � ..., ....� a� . ���������.�� 4������1 ������ mml 11. .....� �� ......� � ....., : ������� lin ..... . �� , .0 � ..� ���� ,����� �� � Aomori. ������ ����������� !FL �� il mi/ maw. ����������� W.... ������� Berkeley Ietenrises Inc. 813 benhIngtott St Nertemille Mass Edanefel C. Berkeley Jur, J. Cryan '33 Sandra Line ll v ee i..1. 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"........... 0 enter mommmenemoo.enon jaro.&.*��Mt..� :14:.;�:67�1:::ti:;�:: � ����1. .0 00�������������������e WOO WW V.A. s ....11 ...a.. ea eaen� nem L�Manae. �7���� ...P. nee eaweeen seam! 0 a a., ������������� Ton nn ft TOT. ��������������� � MI nn ' 77.2.7.2.%="*. 12::::::::= .00 100 . 10�������������� TO MOSS �������� ow �OT POLO 0 � Perak WRY.... abm sf.ma; Do Till 7275 S. tam. tem anyven� macaws. eetaaale amp entemea 1207 KW a Mena gam seye� /-4.1����..fin Pm gm 1.����� el WW WW 14���� ���� Es a.. �� ------ _V_ ����mim ISanor........1. M. �...4.1,7 ............. . 13-00000 A fabulous gift for Christmas: 'RIDE THE EAST WIND: Parables of Yesterday and by Edmund C. Berkeley, Author and � Today' Anthologist Over fifty parables (including anecdotes, allegories, and fables) by Berkeley and many other authors, modern and ancient, dealing with famous problems, modern, classic, or ageless. Many 'air'ef: parables are decorated by a bouquet of proverbs and quotations � for readers who like to choose which variety of lesson appeals to them. A short guide to some patches of common sense and wisdom. An ideal gift. Illustrated. Hard cover. 224 pages. Do you remember the story of the fox and the grapes? illustrating a principle of such timeless value that the phrase "sour grapes" has been used and understood by millions of people for 2000 years? Well, why not make a collection of ideas and principles of common sense and wisdom � and why not illustrate them with fables, allegories, and anecdotes of enormous impact? That was the plan of this book. It comes right out of our work on the "Notebook on Common Sense and Wisdom. Elementary and Advanced" � which we have been talking about for two years to anyone who would listen. Some of the issues of the Notebook roused the interest of the president of Quadrangle Books � and this book is one of the results. You can't lose by taking a look at this book: � You might enjoy it. � You might find much of it humorous and imaginative � as did Aesop's listeners. � You might find it instructive, philcisophical, worth thinking about, and more besides. You can see it, read it, keep it for 7 days, return it, and back comes the full price of the book. How can you lose? We want only satisfied customers. The eagle in the great forest flew swiftly, but the Eastwind flew minno uwiffix, 13-00000 � `RIDE ,THE EAST WIND: Parables of Yesterday and Today" Table of Contents Part 1. The Condition of Man Pandora and the Mysterious Box / H. A. Guerber The Garden of Paradise* / Hans Christian Andersen �to which the King's son was transported by the East Wind The History of the Doasyoulikes / Charles Kingsley The Locksmith and the Stranger / Edmund C. Berkeley (B) The Elephant and the Donkey / James Reston Where that Superhighway Runs, There Used to be a 41Mrnfield / Robert Redfield The Fire Squirrels / B Part 2. On Flattery and Persuasion The Crow and the Fox / Jean de La Fontaine The Visitor who Got a Lot for Three Dollars / George Ade The Cuckoo and the Eagle / Ivan A. Kriloff The Wind and the Sun / Aesop The Lion in Love / Aesop The Crow and the Mussel / Aesop, B The Two Raccoons and the Button / B Part 3. On Perseverance and Resourcefulness The Crow and the Pitcher / Aesop Robert Bruce and the Spider / Sir Walter Scott Hannibal Mouse and the Other End of the World / B The Fly, the Spider, and the Hornet / B Part 4. Behavior � Moral and Otherwise A Small Wharf of Stones / Benjamin Franklin The Three Bricklayers / B The Good Samaritan / St. Luke Much Obliged, Dear Lord / Fulton Oursler The Fisherman, the Farmer, and the Peddler / B Part 5. The Problem of Truth On Being a Reasonable Creature / Benjamin Franklin The Monkey and the Spectacles / Ivan A. Kriloff The Golden Trumpets of Yap Yap / Mike Quin The Barrels and the Pittsburgh Manufacturer / B The Empty Column / William J. Wiswesser The Differences in Two Strains of Corn / Edgar Anderson The Six Blind Men of Nepal / B The Sighting of a Whale / B The Stars and the Young Rabbit / B The Ocean of Truth / Sir Isaac Newton Part 6. On Common Sense The Lark and her Young Ones / Aesop The Bear and the Young Dog / B The Bear and the Young Calf / B The Bear and the Young Beaver / B The Wasps and the Honey Pot / Sir Roger rEstrange The Six-Day War and the Gulf of Dong / B The D ; and 1 / ..amc Netr-thresta The Fox of Mt. Etna and the Grapes Once there was a Fox who lived on the lower slopes of Mt. Etna, the great volcano in Sicily. These slopes are ex- tremely fertile; the grapes that grow there may well be the most delicious in the world; and of all the farmers there, Farmer Mario was probably the best. And this Fox longed and longed for some of Farmer Mario's grapes. But they grew very high on arbors, and all the arbors were inside a vineyard with high walls, and the Fox had a problem. Of course, the Fox of Mt Etna had utterly no use for his fam- ous ancestor, who leaping for grapes that he could not reach, celled them sour, and went away. The Fox decided that what he needed was Engineering Technology. So he went to a retired Engineer who lived on the slopes of Mt. Etna, because he liked the balmy climate and the view of the Mediterranean Sea and the excitement of watching his instruments that measured the degree of sleep- ing or waking of Mt. Etna. The Fox put his problem be- fore the Engineer. ... Missile Alarm from Grunelandt / B The National Security of Adularia / B Doomsday in St. Pierre, Martinique / B Part 7. Problem Solving The Wolf and the Dog of Sherwood / Aesop, B The Three Earthworms / B The Hippopotamus and the Bricks / B The Cricket that Made Music / Jean de La Fontaine, B The Fox of Mt. Etna and the Grapes / B The Mice of Cambridge in Council / Aesop, B Brer Badger's Old Motor Car that Wouldn't Go / B The First Climbing of the Highest Mountain in the World / Sir John Hunt, B The Evening Star and the Princess / B Notes Some Collections of Parables and Fables To be published in November 1973 by Quadrangle / The New York Times Book Co., hard cover, $6.95 RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS IF NOT SATISFACTORY (You can read it all in 7 days � and keep it only if you think it is worth keeping.) (may be copied on any piece of paper) To: Computers and Automation 815 Washington St., Dept. CA11, Newtonville, Mass. 02160 Please send me when published (November publication expected) copy(ies) of Ride the East Wind: Parables of Yesterday and Today by Edmund C. Berkeley, Author and Anthologist. r enclose $7.25 (Publication price + Postage and Handling) per copy. Total enclosed (Prepayment is necessary) RETURNABLE IN 7 DAYS FOR FULL REFUND IF NOT SATISFACTORY Ca.. 13-00000 EDITORIAL (en updated version of an editorial first printed May 1973) Burying Facts and Rewriting History - II One of the efforts of this magazine is to pursue truth. One of the ways in which truth is pursued is not to let statements of the utmost importance be buried and for- IPen in the pages of daily newspapers, nor unreported and lost because they are no longer well covered in nation- al news magazines. Among those statements are two of permanent interest in connection with the Watergate Caper (this phrase is es- tablislunentese for "the Watergate Crime"). � The statement by Bernard L. Barker, one of the con- victed operatives, which explains his motivation and background (see November 1972, Computers and Automation). � The statement by Alfred Baldwin, 3rd, ex-FBI agent, an employee of the Republican Committee to Re- elect the President, telling what he did and saw while five men burglarized the Watergate offices of the Democratic National Committee on June 17,1972, about 2:30 a.m. (see December 1972, C&A). In addition, we have published seven installments of re- ports on the Watergate Crime by our contributing editor, Richard E. Sprague (a computer professional of 25 years standing) who as an avocation has studied for many years dirty political operations in the United States, including the assassinations by conspiracies (not "lone assassins") of President John F. Kennedy, Senator Robert Kennedy, and Reverend Martin Luther King. Three years ago in May 1970, when we began to pub- lish this type of article, we could not have spoken confi- dently of "the assassination by conspiracies" of two Kennedys and one King. But the articles we have pub- lished � which are listed and characterized on the follow- ing pages � have together a remarkable impact. Taken together, the information published May 1970 to October 1973 in Computers and Automation effectively destroys a large segment of the beliefs, the rewritten his- tory, that the establishment in the United States has arranged for people in the United States to believe. I do not assert that the establishment is a conscious organism or organization; perhaps the best description is this: a loose confederation of overt conspiracies, silent conspir- acies, and biased wealthy persons, with very intelligent orchestration stemming from the Pentagon, the Central Intelligence Agency and the Presidency, and with assists from organized crime and the Mafia. We challenge any fairminded person to read this col- may be ordered from us), and after reading them, to still believe that the assassinations are actually the actions of "lone psychopaths," instead of fitting together into a plan to install a certain kind of autocracy in the United States. This kind of autocracy claims to be democratic, to stand up for "national security," "executive privilege," "separation of Constitutional powers," etc. It offers ap- pearances of democracy, but it seizes the realities of money and power. It cuts programs of social benefit; but it allocates $80 billion a year to be paid to the military- industrial-Pentagon complex. In the 1940's there was a name for this kind of autoc- racy. Its name was "fascism," effectively a dictatorship in the interests of big business. What is now appearing in the U.S. is "fascism" in the form of a dictatorship by the military-industrial complex. Here in a nutshell is an example of the present uneven contest: it takes the form of two sentences in x report by E. Drake Lundell, Jr., in Computerworld for April 22, 1973: � The Antitrust Division of the Justice Department is "outmanned and outgunned" when it comes to prosecuting cases like the current action against IBM, Senate investigators were told last week. � In addition, witnesses before the Senate Antitrust and Monopoly Subcommittee stated that often the division cannot do its job properly because of polit- ical pressure from the White House. ... These two statements contain a world of implications. Essentially, the Department of the United States Gov- ernment which is charged with enforcing certain U.S. laws against monopoly, can no longer properly function because of (1) the enormous power of just one business, IBM, and (2) political pressure from the White House (this phrase is establishmentese for "President Richard M. Nixon"). We must dig up facts, remember them, and write history the way it is. We must take action to compel the persons who deceive us and lie to us to leave the government of the United States, such as Spiro Agnew, former Vice President. The Watergate Crime Articles Published in Computers and Automation August 1972 to September 1973 Inventory of Titles, Authors, and Summaries August 1972 33 The June 1972 Raid on Democratic Party Head- quarters � Part 1 by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y. A report on five men who have numerous con- nections with the Republican Party, the White House, the Central Intelligence Agency, anti-Castro Cubans, and plans for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and who were arrested seeking to bug Democratic National Headquarters at 2:30 a.m., June 17, 1972. October 1972 18 The Raid on Democratic Party Headquarters (The Watergate Incident) � Part 2 by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y. A report on further developments in the June 1972 raid by James McCord, Bernard Barker, and others, on National Democratic Party Headquarters, and implications affecting a number of Republican leaders and President Richard M. Nixon. November 1972 26 Bernard L. Barker: Portrait of a Watergate Burglar by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation How a cloak and dagger operative and right-wing activist, who was caught as a burglar in the Water- gate Hotel offices of the Democratic National Headquarters, looks at himself and his line of work. 29 Walter Sheridan � Democrats' Investigator? or Re- publicans' Countermeasure? by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y. Walter Sheridan, recently employed by the Demo- cratic National Committee to investigate the Watergate Incident, may actually be a "counter- measure" by the Republicans to defeat the Demo- cratic investigation. December 1972 24 The Raid on Democratic Party Headquarters (The Watergate Incident) � Part 3 by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y. A report on further developments in the June 1972 raid by James McCord, Bernard Barker, and others, on National Democratic Party Headquarters, and implications affecting a number of Republican leaders and President Richard M. Nixon. 26 Martha Mitchell and the Watergate Incident by Martha Mitchell, the magazine Parade, and Richard E. Sprague How Martha Mitchell (wife of former Attorney General inhn Mitr.holfl menv two, communicado and a prisoner � reported on by Mrs. Mitchell and the editor of Parade magazine. 27 The Watergate Crime: An Eye-Witness Account by Alfred Baldwin, 3rd A round-by-round account by an ex-FBI agent, an employee of the Republican Committee to Re- elect the President, of what went on while five men burglarized the Watergate offices, June 17, 2:30 a.m. Baldwin's main assignment was listening to bugged calls to the Democratic National Com- mittee. January 1973 33 President Richard M. Nixon, the Bay of Pigs, and the Watergate Incident � Part 4 by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y. How President Nixon lied in 1960 about the plans for the Bay of Pigs Invasion., and is suppressing in 1972 the investigations of the Watergate Incident. March .1973 26 The Watergate Crime and the Cover-Up Strategy � Part 5 by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y. A report on the trial of E. Howard Hunt, James McCord, Bernard Barker, and four other persons for their raid on Democratic National Committee Headquarters in June 1972 using funds of the Re- publican Committee for the Re-Election of the President; and the strategies of cover-up that have been employed. June 1973 26 Watergate: What More is There to Hide? � Part 6 by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y. How investigation into the Watergate Crime is leading to ramifications and implications, and what are some more of the now hidden connec- tions that may be revealed. August 1973 36 Lessons of Watergate � Part 7 by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y. The collection of Watergate Crimes; the anatomy of a "Really Big American Cover-Up"; other cases of "Really Big American Cover-Ups"; and the implications and ramifications. September 1973 37 Six Parallels of 25 Years Ago by Alger Hiss How an establishment attacked Alger Hiss � 3-00000 Political Assassinations in the United States Articles Published in Computers and Automation May 1970 to October 1973 Inventory of Titles, Authors, and Summaries , 4. 1; May 1970 1." 30--- The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: The Application of Computers to the Photographic Evidence by Richard E. Sprague A reexamination of some of the evidence relating to the assassination of John F. Kennedy � with emphasis on the possibilities and problems of computerized analysis of the photographic evi- dence. July 1970 29 The May Article, "The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: The Application of Computers to the Photographic Evidence" � Report No. 2: 32 More About Jim Hicks 32 Confirmation of FBI Knowledge 12 Days Before Dallas of a Plot to Kill President Kennedy 35 The Second Conspiracy About the Assassination of President Kennedy August 1970 48 The Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy: 48 Preface, by Edmund C. Berkeley 50 Two Men With Guns Drawn at Senator Kennedy's Assassination: Statement to the Press, by Theo- dore Charach 50 Map of the Scene of the Assassination of Senator Robert Kennedy 51 The Pantry Where Senator Robert Kennedy was Assassinated 52 Bullet Hole in the Frame of a Door 53 Two Bullet Holes in the Center Divider of the Pantry Door September 1970 39 Patterns of Political Assassination: How Many Coin- cidences Make a Plot? by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation � How the science of probabilitY and statistics can be used as an instrument of decision to determine if a rare event is: (I) within a reasonable range; (2) unusual or strange or suspicious; or (3) the re- sult of correlation or cause or conspiracy. 48 Computer-Assisted Analysis of Evidence Regarding . ��� a, � � . � � ea � Progress Report by Richard E. Sprague October 1970 52 The Conspiracy to Assassinate Senator Robert F. Kennedy and the Second Conspiracy to Cover It Up by Richard E. Sprague � A summary of what researchers are uncovering in their investigation of what appears to be not one but two conspiracies relating to the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy. 56 Index to "Special Unit Senator: The Investigation of the Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy" An index is supplied for the Random House book written by Robert A. Houghton, of the Los ' Angeles Police Department, about the investigation of the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy. November 1970 44 Confidential and Secret Documents of the Warren Commission Deposited in the U.S. Archives by Neil Macdonald, Assistant Editor A list of the subjects of over 200 documents of the Warren Commission which were classified con- fidential, secret, and top secret. December 1970 39 The Assassination of Reverend Martin Luther King, Jr., The Role of James Earl Ray, and the Question of Conspiracy by Richard E. Sprague James Earl Ray says he was coerced into entering a plea of guilty to killing Martin Luther King ... and contrary evidence (plus other evidence) have led to filing of legal petitions for relief. January 1971 45 The Death of Walter Reuther: Accidental or Planned? by Edmund C. Berkeley and Leonard Walden Some significant questions about ihe plane crash in May 1970 in which Walter Reuther was killed. February 1971 48 The Report of the National Committee to Investigate Assassinations by Bernard Fensterwald, James Lesar, and Robert 3-00000 What the National Committee in Washington. D.C. is doing about computerizing files of evidence, in- itiating lawsuits to obtain information, etc.; and comments on two new books by District Attorney Jim Garrison and Robert Blair Kaiser. March 1971 35 "The Assassination of President Kennedy: The Ap- plication of Computers to the Photographic Evi- dence" � Comment 35 I. Another View, by Benjamin L. Schwartz, Ph.D. A polemical attack on "The Assassination of President Kennedy: the Application of Com- puters to the Photographic Evidence" by Richard E. Sprague published May 1970. 40 II. Response, by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor 45 --istrict Attorney Jim Garrison on the Assassination of President Kennedy: A Review of Heritage of Stone by Neil Macdonald, Assistant Editor April 1971 32 The Right of Equal Access to Government Information by the National Committee to Investigate Assassi- nations, Washington, D.C. May 1971 27 The Assassination of President Kennedy: The Spatial Chart of Events in Dealey Plaza by Robert B. Cutler, Architect The chart, first published in May 1970, is revised and brought up to date. June 1971 41 The Case of Secret Service Agent Abraham W. Bolden by Bernard Fensterwald, Attorney, Executive Di- rector, National Committee to Investigate Assassi- nations Bolden wanted to tell the Warren Commission about a Chicago plot to kill President Kennedy, and was jailed six years on a framed-up charge for trying to do so. July 1971 51 The Central Intelligence Agency and The New York Times by Samuel F. Thurston, Newton, Mass. The issue of systematic suppression of questions about the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and a hypothesis. August 1971 37 Jim Garrison, District Attorney, Orleans Parish, vs. the Federal Government by Bernard Fensterwald, Attorney, Executive Di- rector, National Committee to InVestigate Assassi- nations How District Attorney Jim Garrison of New Orleans became interested in the New Orleans phase of the assassination of President Kennedy; and how the Federal government frustrated and blocked his investigation in more than a dozen ways. September 1971 26 The Federal Bureau of Investigation and the Assassi- nation of President Kennedy by Bernard Fensterwald, Attorney How J. Edgar Hoover and the FBI withheld much pertinent information from the Warren Commis- sion, flooded them with irrelevant information, and altered some important evidence, thus concealing Oswald's connections with the FBI. October 1971 41 The Assassination of President Kennedy � Declassi- fication of Relevant Documents from the National Archives by Richard E. Sprague The titles of the documents and other evidence indicate convincingly that Lee Harvey Oswald was trained in spy work by the CIA before his visit to Russia; etc. Like the Pentagon Papers, these doc- uments should be declassified. November 1971 24 The Assassination of President Kennedy: The Pattern of Coup d'Etat and Public Deception by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation Five significant, eye-opening events from May 1970 to October 1971, showing patterns of coup d'etat, assassination, and concealment; and some predic- tions. December 1971 32 The Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: A Model for Explanation by Vincent J. Salandria, Attorney, Philadelphia, Pa. A study of the reasons why a great deal of the Federal government's own evidence in the assassi- nation of President John F. Kennedy declared "conspiracy" � and a hypothesis, supported by considerable evidence, about why the President was assassinated and how the implications of that action were to be signaled to those who could read the signals. 6 The Strategy of Truth-Telling by Edmund C. Berkeley Editorial January 1972 57 Spotlight on McGeorge Bundy and the White House Situation Room by Robert B. Cutler, Manchester, Mass. An argument that the "lone assassin,� no con- spiracy" announcement from the White House Situation Room could have resulted from infor- mation available in Dallas and Washington prior to the announcement � and thus does not actually demonstrate that someone there had a guilty fore- knowledge of the shooting. 13-00000 February 1972 43 Who Shot President Kennedy? � Or Fact and Fable in History by Gareth Jenkins, Weston, Mass. How the physical evidence actually published by the Warren Commission relating to the assassina- tion of President John F. Kennedy shows con- clusively that more than one man was responsible for the shooting � contrary to the Commission's' own report. March, April, May, June 1972 28 Dallas: Who, How, Why? (in four parts) by Mikhail Sagatelyan, Moscow, USSR iem% A long report published in Leningrad, USSR, by - an ace Soviet reporter about the circumstances of 26 the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, and their significance from a Soviet point of view. July 1972 32 The Shooting of Presidential Candidate George C. Wallace: A Systems-Analysis Discussion by Thomas Stamm, Bronx, N.Y., and Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor An analysis of the shooting of Governor Wallace of Alabama; and a discussion of systematic methods for protecting American leaders from violent at- tacks. 10 The Shooting of Governor George C. Wallace, Can- didate for President by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor Editorial September 1972 24 The Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy: Proofs of Conspiracy and of Two Persons Firing by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y. A review and summary of the evidence showing conclusively the fact of conspiracy and the pres- ence of two guns firing, at the time of the assassi- nation of Senator Robert F. Kennedy. November 1972 32 The Central Intelligence Agency: A Short History to Mid-1963 � Part 1 by James Hepburn, author of Farewell America The unverified, but probably largely true, secret history of the Central Intelligence Agency of the U.S. � as a preliminary to its involvement in the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. December 1972 34 The Central Intelligence Agency: A Short History to Mid-1963 � Part 2 38 Le Francais Qui Devait Tuer Kennedy (The French- man Who Was To Kill Kennedy) � ���� �� � ��� 30 31. January 1973 37 The Frenchman Who Was To Kill Kennedy by Philippe Bernert and Camille Gilles, L'Aurore, Paris, France; translated by Ann K. Bradley English translation of the French newspaper re- port on Jose Luis Romero, which was reprinted in French in the December issue. 40 Why I Distrust the Romero Story by Robert P. Smith, Director of Research, Commit- tee to Investigate Assassinations, Washington, D.C. The Romero report reprinted from L'Aurore has many earmarks indicating that it is very difficult to believe. February 1973 Analysis of the Autopsy on President John F. Ken- nedy, and the Impossibility of the Warren Commis- sion's "Lone Assassin" Conclusion by Cyril H. Wecht, M.D., Institute of Forensic Sciences, Pittsburgh, Pa. . The coroner of Allegheny County, Pa., reports on his examination of the evidence that still remains (some of it is missing) locked up in the National Archives of the United States, not accessible to ordinary investigators. U.S. Electronic Espionage: A Memoir � Part 1 by Ramparts, Berkeley, Calif. How the U.S. National Security Agency intercepts, - decodes, and understands almost all secret and top secret electronic communications and signals of all nations all over the world. March 1973 U. S. Electronic Espionage: A Memoir � Part 2 by Ramparts, Berkeley, Calif. How the National Security Agency intercepted and decoded enemy messages in order to direct bomb- ing strikes in Viet Nam, and often failed; and how the hideousness of what the American military forces were doing in Southeast Asia finally led this interviewee to resigning and terminating. April, May 1973 34 The New Orleans Portion of the Conspiracy to As- sassinate President John F. Kennedy � Four Articles: (1) by Edmund C. Berkeley, in the April issue; (2) by Jim Garrison, in the April issue; (3) by F. Irving Dymond, in the May issue; (4) by Jim Garrison, in the May issue On November 20, 1972, the Supreme Court of the United States refused to permit Jim Garrison, Dis- trict Attorney, New Orleans, to prosecute Clay Shaw for perjury. On November 21, Jim Garrison issued a statement commentingem this refusal, which is Article 4 of this set; kticle 1 is an intro- duction; Articles 2 and 3 are opening statements 13-00000 F. IrvingDymond, attorney for the defendant, in the February 1969 trial of Clay Shaw in New Orleans; Clay Shaw was charged by the grand jury with "having conspired with David W. Ferrie and Lee Harvey Oswald to murder President John F. Kennedy" � in regard to which the trial jury found Clay Shaw "not guilty". May 1973 6 Burying Facts and Rewriting History by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation Taken together, the information published May 1970 to May 1973 in Computers and Automation effectively destroys a large segment of the beliefs, 0r:7: the rewritten history, that the establishment in the United States has arranged for the people in the United States to believe. June, July 1973 36 The American News Media and the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy: Accessories After the Fact fin two parts) by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y. An examination of what happened in many im- portant American news organizations, to cover up and hide the facts about how President John F. Kennedy was actually assassinated in Dallas. September 1973 6 Establishments and Truth by Edmund C. Berkeley, Editor, Computers and Automation The nature of an establishment as a system 38 A Parallel of 1963 by Marguerite C. Oswald, Ft. Worth, Texas The ignoring of evidence of conspiracy regarding Lee Harvey Oswald a parallel to the Watergate cover-up. October 1973 21 The Framing of Lee Harvey Oswald by Richard E. Sprague, Hartsdale, N.Y. When Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested, Nov. 22, 1963, for the assassination of President John F. Kennedy, he said to his captors in the Dallas jail cell, "I'm a patsy". A review of the evidence (including 18 photographs) proves that Oswald was a patsy, and that he was "framed" for the murder of President Kennedy � although "estab- lishmentese" American history denies it. Hertlein � Continued from page 19 human failing. Even the most broad-minded practi- tioner is bound by his or her capacities and philos- ophy, and it requires a deliberate and concerted ef- fort to remain open-minded, and to appreciate varied approaches that are not in accord with one's own temporary aesthetic parameters. One discerns com- puter artists who prefer natural or man-made pat- terns and sounds, vs. those who desire only mathe- matics, electronic and computer sounds, sans the human touch. There are those who exploit two or three-dimensional static images. vs. the creators who prefer moving permutations in flux, declaiming that the computer is a perceptual medium, and there- fore should not be imprisoned in static.form, i.e., cybernetic art is "pure idea," ad infinitum. Ironi- cally, even the newest of the arts appears destined to hardening within specific schools of thought, with separatist camps warring in "vs." expression and debate. Summary It is obvious that the concept of manipulation and processing via the computer is merely the first stage of cybernetic creation. Even now, far beyond the statements of the artistic problem andaesthetic, personal variation, is a vast, open territory that is being explored by questioning, hardy intellec- tual pioneers, as they seek to perceive the inner anatomy of art and philosophy: What is style? What constitutes the aesthetic? How may this be accomplished? What is art? Music? Sculpture? Dance? Poetry? What is science? Mathematics? Is art purely the man-made: The sound of the human voice, or playing music upon man-made instruments? The painting and sculpting of man with hand-held tools? Is art a part of life, embracing: The ordin- ary, the animal and natural sounds? The patterns carved by the winds, sands, and the water? Is art perceptual, a mere fleeting moment or experience in time, or is it permanent, en- during? What is the optimum role of man in a cyber- netic society? What is the role of art in a technology-ori- ented world? What is the symbiosis of man-and-the-machine? What is thinking? What is creativity? Is man the measure of all things? When man uses the computer as an aid in creation, or when he attempts to create heuristic art, his mind finds new questions to explore and to answer. It appears highly possible that a renewed perception of life and the arts awaits present and future gen- erations of man, and that this' may be partially ac- complished by eliminating the boundaries of compart- mentalized disciplines, and by walking freely be- tween art and science, by combining interdisciplin- ary practices and materials, to hopefully bring forth the ideal of an open, growing, and dimensional perception of art/life for the human rade. Editor's Note: This paper is published in accord- ance with a new editorial policy of allowing writers freer expression, with no editing by the editors, in the hope that greater variety of expression and ideas will result for the benefit of readers. � 13-00000 � Classified Advertisement CORRECTION THE COLLEGE OF PETROLEUM & MINERALS Dhahran, Saudi Arabia This major technical university, serving the petro- leum and minerals industry, is seeking candidates for instructional faculty in a new College of Indus- trial Management, Department of DATA PROCESSING and INFORMATION SCIENCES. I pagram will closely follow ACM curriculum committee PNOOMmendations on Computer Education forManagement. Sophisticated configuration IBM 370/155 available. All instruction in English. Appointments will be at appropriate Academic Ranks for which candidates qualify, and be effective 1 September 1974. Personal Interviews will be arranged after submission of doc- umentation. PROFESSOR (all Ranks) Ph.D. in Information Science, Engineering or related fields; 3 to 5 years teaching experi- ence; extensive experience with commercial sys- tems and management information systems; broad knowledge of data processing/information system education; detailed knowledge of languages, methods, hardware and software evaluation used in commercial data processing application. LECTURER/INSTRUCTOR PROGRAMMING and COMPUTER SYSTEMS (all Ranks) M.B.A. or M.Sc. in Business Administration or similar academic qualifications; two to three years experience in government, business or in- dustry in area of computer systems, programming, and systems analysis; previous teaching experi- ence highly desirable but not essential; spe- cific instructional capability: Programming (COBOL); Information Structures; Storage and Management; Sorting and Searching; Hardware/ Software c)nfiguration and Evaluation; File Systems; Data Management Systems; Communication System Organization; Data Base Development. LECTURER/INSTRUCTOR INFORMATION SYSTEMS (all Ranks) M.B.A. or M.Sc. in Business Administration or Management; two to three years experience in Business Systems and Management Information with work in both systems analysis and design; pre- vious teaching experience highly desirable but not essential. Specific instructional capabili- ties: Systems Organization or Management; Basic Analysis tools; Systems Implementation; Manage- ment Systems; Systems Life Cycle; Long-Range Planning; Systems Development; Scheduling and Allocation; Queuing Models; Inventory Models; Simulation Models. Please send detailed professional resume and address all inquiries to: College of Petroleum & Minerals c/o Saudi Arabian Educational Mission 880 Third Avenue -- 17th Floor New York, N.Y. 10022 In the July 1973 issue of Computers and Automation, a single article entitled "Communication -- Three- Way: Chimpanzee, Man, Computer" was published. Part I was authored by Larry B. Dendy of the Public Rela- tions Office of the University of Georgia and Part 2 was authored by Ernst von Glasersfeld et al of the University of Georgia and the Yerkes Regional Prim- ate Research Center of Emory University. In compliance with the authors' wishes, the two parts of that article have been reprinted as two separate articles. The first article is authored solely by Larry B. Dendy and is titled, "Communica- tion -- Three Way: Chimpanzee, Man, Computer." The second article is authored by Ernst von Glasersfeld and his colleagues from the Yerkes Primate Research Center and Georgia State University and is titled, "A Computer Mediates Communication with a Chimpanzee:" Also, and in compliance with the authors' wishes, all figures and tables of the article as published in the July 1973 issue have been included in the second of these articles. In the 1973 annual index Computers and Automation will enter the two articles in this manner, which serves to separate a regular article from a formal scientific and technical report. DID YOU ENJOY THIS ISSUE OF � COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION Would you like to send it at no cost to some friends of yours, with a message? We'll join you half-way � you send us his name and address (with zip) and the message, and we will send the issue and your message to him TOGETHER WITH a gentle "soft-sell" invitation to subscribe to Computers and Automation. We have set aside a hundred copies of this issue for this pur- pose. So long as they last, we can carry out your request. Just fill in the following and send it to us: (may be copied on any piece of paper) To: Computers and Automation and People 815 Washington St.. Newtonville, MA 02160 ( ) I request that you send a copy of the Computers and Automation and People to 1. Name Address 2. Name Address 3. Name Address My message issue of My message My message � MY name and address (and zip) are attached. I am a subscriber to Computers and Automation and People. 13-00000 Virtue, in Spite of Erroneous Conceptions J. A Frankel Dean of the Faculty Harvey Mudd College Claremont, Calif. 91711 'We think of knowledge as knowing how-to-do-it, wisdom as knowing whether-to-do-it, and virtue (if the answer is yes) as doing-it." In this article, I mean virtue in a much narrower sense than the theologians, and I mean erroneous con- ceptions in a much broader sense than planners of parenthood. Let me first speak of virtue. We think of knowledge as knowing how-to-do-it, wisdom as knowing whether-to-do-it, and virtue as doing it. In this sense, at least in the universi- ties, we think of scientists as knowing, the human- ists as wise, and the engineers and other techni- cians (doctors, nurses, social workers and the like) as-virtuous, that is, the do-ers. The World is Full of Problems Now the world is full of problems where we need to know how to do it, whether to do it, and (if the an- swer is yes) to do it. Each of us can make his own list of pressing social problems: pollution, arms limitation, or population growth. Fortunately we are reasonably well supplied with scientists, humanists, and technicians. To understand why we still have these urgent problems, let us turn to erroneous con- ceptions. The erroneous conceptions I wish to deal with here are: That it is within the power of scientists and engineers to choose to work only on projects "in the public interest," and That the market place is where one discovers the public interest. Choice of Projects to Work on Critics seem to assume that scientists and engi- neers are free to choose their projects, and complain that they fail to consider the real public interest. Scientists may be free to choose their work, but they Based on remarks delivered on Joseph C. Wilson Day, November 10, 1972, at the University of Rochester, Rochester, N.Y. have no more to say about how their discoveries are used than Christopher Columbus did. As for the engineers, they have more to say about the uses of science, since they are the ones who choose which of science's ideas will be applied, but they in turn have almost no way, at present, 'of iden- tifying the public interest, and even less in determ- ining which products or processes should be produced to serve it. A Moratorium on Science? We will return to this matter of choice, but first let's eliminate irom the list of reasonable alterna- tives facing society, the silly and dangerous notion of a moratorium on science. The key notion in the moratorium idea is that if you can't control it, you shouldn't do it. There- fore, we are urged, don't do any more science until (presumably) the humanists devise suitable controls. The trouble with this kind of conceptual contracep- tion is two-fold. In the first place, as Paul Salt- man has pointed out eloquently, you can't forbid knowing any more than you can forbid writing poetry. Science can be slowed down, of course, by driving it underground, but even if we slowed it way down, there is no evidence that we have either knowledge or wis- dom enough to control its application, unless we change some of our habits. Ignorance and Fear Levi to Irrationality � One habit that needs correction has to do with the thinking and feeling processes of the humanists -- the philosophers, if you will -- who presumably are to show us how to behave. Too often they are igno- rant or fearful of science and engineering. What one Is ignorant or fearful of, he cannot deal with in a rational way. There is no possibility that We can learn to control what we do by some non-rational process, such as satori, using mystically-fashioned playing cards, etc. Control over what we do will 13-00000 have to be done rationally. I also believe that it Will have to be done by humanists, and that before they can do it, we have somehow to lower, or at least make more permeable, the barrier that separates the Two Cultures. We will come back to this point later. Before that, let us return to the notion that engi- neers choose what they will work on. The Choices of Engineers Most engineers do not make cosmic choices. They do not decide that this product will be built and that one won't be. Practically all engineers, I sus- pect, work for other engineers, who work for others. who work in companies where the products are deter- mined not by science or philosophy, but by market analysis. Now market analysis has come a long way since the days of the Edsel,'and it often guesses limpurately, although not always so, what the public CI interested in buying. But what the public buys is not necessarily what it needs. The Market-Place Guessing Game We buy those things that are offered for sale that are better (in some vague way) than the alter- natives available to us. Except for advertising or other ways of influencing public opinion, the basic mechanism of the market-place is a guessing game. Try this product, see if it sells. If it does, fig- ure out what it was about it that sold, and push a little harder. If this one does not sell, retrench a little, or gamble on another change -- and so on. Advertising and public opinion do play important roles -- how else explain so many different labels on the same bar of soap, the same automobile? -- but the decision as to how the engineers' skills will be used has, in the past, been largely deter- mined by the instantaneous outcome of the market game. Major Civil Problems Now please do not misunderstand me. The market- place mechanisms are important for determining soap or automobile styles. I believe that criteria of risk-and-return of investment are elements of our decision-making processes that we could discard only at great peril to our society. What I am saying is that the major civil problems: pollution, poverty, and population density, for examples, are not likely to be defined by market analysis. These problems, for which acceptable solutions are needed, share these characteristics: First, they cross product classification lines, and involve more than one sector of the economy. They are not just problems of the auto industry, or the mining companies, or manufacturing-but-not- service-industries -- they involve all of these. All the skills that all these sectors employ may have to be applied to these problems. The cement plants in the country and the transport companies in the city have pollution problems that differ only in detail. To expect them to do the necessary research and development separately, each with his eye on his own segment of the market, is to postpone until much too late, if not forever, solving even the smaller parts of our problems. The problems, so to speak, are too big. These Problems are Hardly Separable In the same way, the major civil problems are not readily separable. One can reduee fhP Amount nf nir pollution caused by internal combustion engines by using electric autos, for example. If so. we may replace polluted air in the cities with polluted streams out in the country where the new massive power plants are. Or we can replace with solar energy the fissionable materials or fossil fuels we now use for power; however, at least in the near future, we would then have either much less energy or much more costly energy, and fewer jobs and more poverty. (Some among us tend to paint even blacker pictures. They point out that our society gave up slavery only when our technology developed to the point where machines were cheaper than slaves. Is it possible that we could deliberately reverse this process and end up with clean air, but with slaves?) This characteristic of tight linkage, or insep- arability of the big problems, also suggests that we cannot rely upon the ordinary market-place mech- anisms to determine how we employ our technology to solve our problems. Very Difficult Problems The third characteristic of our problems .that forces us to reconsider the mechanisms of choice, is that our problems are so very difficult. The technical solutions do not exist outside of social considerations. The social costs outweigh such us- ual factor costs as materials, labor, and capital. Our cities present much tougher problems than put- ting man on the moon. As someone smarter than but unknown to me, has said, "We couldn't have put a man on the moon if the moon had been inhabited". World-wide and Nation-wide Problems All these characteristics, and others that I've left out, such as geographical diversity -- some problems are not local, nor even regional or nation- al, but world-wide -- suggest that the organizations needed for these new problem-solving teams differ considerably from those of even our biggest, most diversified companies, or else that we need some super-industrial team of coordinators, who are to be responsive not to the elements of the market-place, but rather to the public interest. Whether that public is regional, or national or world-wide, some- one who has thought this problem further through must tell. My own thoughts, tempered by a certain sourly pragmatic view of the interactions of vari- ous national governments, suggests that the approach most likely to succeed in the near future is the na- tional one. The National Science Policy and Priorities Act The essentials of a first step in a national plan are contained in the National Science Policy and Priorities Act, which, among other things, sets up procedures for contracting out to universities, com- panies and other organizations, the research and de- velopment necessary for solution of the major civil problems, including the design of civil science sys- tems. Whether an agency like NASA should be set up. as the Act says, or whether an existtng agency should supervise new programs, is a matter of de- bate. The importance to our discussion is that some federal funding agency, not the various product market-places, should establish the priorities and fund the solutions to our civil problems. As you see, this bill or Act or plan makes a first approach to nationalizing the solution to na- tinnol wrnkl.me A, 4. ..411�. 13-00000 NUMBLES eollections of scientific, humanistic and engineer- ing talent, that either already exist in the aero- space companies, universities and think tanks, or can be collected there. In essence, this bill solves one aspect of the problem. It replaces small or local or single-commodity market-places with a national market-place based on national needs. I suspect that the new agency will find that big aero- space companies usually do not have the necessary mix of talents, although they probably do have the necessary organization. The universities, on the other hand, probably do have the necessary mix of talents, but probably do not have the proper organ- ization. It seems, however, to be a logical first step, and the sooner the bill becomes law, the sooner we can begin to solve our problems. International Institute of Applied Systems Analysis An example of the international approach is the recently established International Institute of Ap- pliMPSystems Analysis in Vienna as a joint venture of our National Academy of Sciences and the Soviet Academy, among others. Since they will operate on about three-and-a-half million dollars a year (the Civil Science part of the National Science Policy and Priorities Act allots an average of 270 million per year for three years) it is unreasonable to ex- pect anything more than papers for publication to come out of Vienna. The international effort will result in more knowledge and wisdom; on the pro- posed national budget we could become virtuous as well. In Order to be Virtuous One Must be Wise and Knowing One final caution. I hope you have not heard me suggest that only scientists and engineers are capable of leading us out of the thicket of diffi- culties we are in. I am not advocating technocracy, that totalitarian philosophy which says that only engineers can lead us. I do not believe that tor one moment, nor does anyone who knows enough engi- neers and scientists. There is no reason to believe that they, as a class, are any more capable of leading our people than, say, the lawyers. I would rather that you heard me say that no longer is it virtue merely to do it, but rather that in order to be virtuous one must also be wise and also knowing. Our Leaders Must Be Part Scientist, Part Humanist, and Part Engineer We will need new kinds of agencies and organiza- tions to define "the public interest" and to find ways of organizing the talents that may solve some of our problems. But organizations -- universities and corporations and public agencies -- are built by people, led by other people. So our leaders must be part scientist, part humanist, and part engineer, and they must use what they have, not in response to some particular market-place, but in the true public interest. Not nearly enough people will be born with these characteristics. They will have to be educated. If this sounds like a very tall order to put to an education system -- it is. But we should be encouraged to redesign our edu- cation systems to help produce suzh people, not only because we have to (God knows we do) if mankind is too survive -- but also because we know it is pos- sible. Neil Macdonald Assistant Editor Computers and Automation A "numble" is an arithmetical problem in which: digits have been replaced by capital letters; and there are two messages, one which can be read right away and a second one in the digit cipher. The problem is to solve for the digits. Each capital letter in the arithmetical problem stands for just one digit 0 to 9. A digit may be represented by more than one letter. The second message, which is expressed in numerical digits, is to be translated (using the same key) into letters so that it may be read; but the spelling uses puns or is otherwise irregular, to discourage cryptanalytic methods of deciphering. We invite our readers to send us solutions, together with human programs or computer programs which will produce the solutions. NUMBLE 7311 I F YOU x GIVE YLUY I T YOT RUO EUEUUE TYCUOR GV=CU =CTU I OUOVT 327897972 Solution to Numble 7310 In Numble 7310 in the October issue, the digits 0 through 9 are represented by letters as follows: 0 = 0 I = 1 E = 2 S = 3 H = 4 The message is: Eat what is ripe. W=5 P=6 T=7 R=8 A=9 Our thanks to the following individuals for submitting their solutions � to Numble 7310: Edward A. Bruno. N. Bergen, NJ. � to Numble 739: Edward A. Bruno, N. Ber- gen, NJ.; T. P. Finn, Indianapolis, Ind. � to Numble 738: Nihan Lloyd-Thurston, S. Nutfield, Surrey, England. 13-00000 Nixon and the Mafia Conclusion Jeff Gerth Contributing Editor SunDance Magazine 1913 Fillmore St. San Francisco, Calif. 94115 11916:77:: "Organized crime will put a man in the White House someday, and he won't even know it until they hand him the bill." Part 1 of "Nixon and the Mafia" was published in the Septemberissueof "Computers and Automation"; Part 2, in the October issue. Part 3 begins here with further information about the relation of President-to-beRichard M. Nixon with shady trans- actions in the Bahamas. Shakeup in the Bahamas By the middle Sixties there was a storm brewing. Internal friction had forced out a few people like Lou Chesler, while a wave of public investigations were blaring the role of underworld figures like Meyer Lansky. The 1967 Royal Commission of Inquiry also dredged up another familiar name -- Richard Nixon. Testimony before the Royal Commission by Max � Courteney, a Lansky lieutenant, detailed a long bookmaking career and brought out the names of a large clientele, including the then ex-Vice Presi- dent Richard Nixon. Mary Carter Paint The Royal Commission also bared a deal which im- plicated Richard Nixon far more deeply than passing mention by an underground bookie. In 1967 Lyndon Pindling became the first black premier ever to serve the almost one hundred percent black citizenry of the island. Pindling was hardly a revolutionary, however, for among the people in- strumental in putting him in office was a gambler close to Lansky named Mike McLaney. The Royal Com- mission branded McLaney a "thoroughly dangerous per- son" and accused him of maneuvering Pindling into at least one deal involving a questionable gambling concession. Part of the post-election controversy was a com- pany based in Tampa which bore the innocuous name of "Mary Carter Paint Company". In 1965 Lansky's front-man (and former Key Bis- cayne landowner) Wallace Groves, filed a joint ap- plication with the Mary Carter Company to open a Reprinted with permission from SunDance Magazine, November-December, 1972, Volume 1, Number 3, published by and copyright by Running Dog, Inc., 1913 Fillmore St., San Francisco, Calif. 94115 � Ralph Salerno casino on Paradise Island in the Bahamas. The ubiq- uitous Sir Stafford Sands handled the legalities. Knowledgeable observers looked for the mystery man, and a Justice Department memo, dated January 18, 1966, predicted that "the atmosphere seems ripe for a Lansky skim". After Pindling's election, Groves was forced out and the Mary Carter Paint Company had itself two new casinos. At the 1967 opening of one of them -- the Nassau Bay Club -- the honored guest was Richard Nixon. The following year -- 1968 -- the other Mary Car- ter Club, the Paradise Island Casino, opened for business. The owners felt close enough to Nixon to offer him use of their facilities during the 1968 Republican Convention. Nixon felt more comfortable at Key Biscayne, but some of his staff took up the offer. Mary Carter Becomes Resorts International In 1969 Mary Carter -- now called Resorts Inter- national -- reluctantly "released" one Dino Cellini, claiming that while he "had a relatively unsavory background, he had no criminal record, no criminal associates". Cellini hopped across the water to Miami, where, according to Dade County Sheriff In- telligence Reports, he continued to work in conjunc- tion with Paradise Island Casino. The reports al- lege that Cellini was an almost daily visitor to Re- sorts International's Miami office, where he checked credits and worked with a company booking junkets to the Paradise Island Casino. There are those who maintain that Cellini's con- nections with Resorts International symbolize the influence of Lansky. In a 1971 editorial, the Las Vegas Sun concluded an eleven part series on organ- ized crime -- some of which centered on Resorts In- ternational -- by charging that "however cloaked and cleverly concealed by the guardians, gambling in the Bahamas is controlled by Meyer Lansky and it has been established in police intelligence reports that the fee is fifteen percent of the gross income". The now defunct Toronto Telegram reported in 1970 that "observers believe that the resourceful Lansky is still managing to get his cut from the Bahamas". Resorts International, through its ninety-one percent owned subsidiary, Intertel, has denied all allegations of involvement with organized crime. It � 13-00000 was-Intertel that ITT hired in 1972 to snoop on col- 'umnist Jack Anderson. The latest and possibly most damaging charge in the Resorts International battle came in June 1972 in an IRS inspired indictment of Meyer Lansky and Dino Cellini. The indictment reads in part: On or about May 17, 1968, unindicted co-conspira- tor Vincent Teresa met with defendants Meyer Lan- sky and Dino Cellini in Miami and had a discus- sion wherein defendants Lansky and Cellini gave Teresa permission to conduct gambling junkets to the Paradise Island Casino. Thus government agents allege that in 1968 Lan- sky maintained at least some control in running jun- kets to Resorts International's Paradise Island Cas- ino. The junket racket is an integral part of the casino operation, and as recently as 1971 Lansky's esbert Eddie Cellini was reportedly still arranging juniets for the Paradise Island Casino. Enter Nixon and Rebozo It was in 1967 -- with Lansky still okaying jun- kets and Cellini still running the Paradise Island Casino -- that Richard Nixon and Bebe Rebozo became friends with the head of Resorts International. It should be no surprise that James Golden, the recently (1969) hired "deputy director of security" for Resorts International is a good friend of Nix- on's. As a Secret Service guard for Nixon when he was Vice President, Golden made a good enough im- pression to be appointed staff security chief for Nixon in 1968. Golden was also security director of Nixon's convention headquarters in Miami that year. and was security director for his subsequent inauguration. Later that year he moved to Resorts International. Golden is just one of along string of interesting Nixon security appointees, among them Watergate indictees James McCord, Gordon Liddy, and Howard Hunt. There are rumors, some of which have been aired in the press, that Richard Nixon owns stock in Re- sorts International. Former Republican Presidential candidate Thomas E. Dewey does own stock in the com- pany, and, according to organized �crime investigator Hank Messick among others, there are reports of Lan- sky buying stock as well. Nobody has proved any- thing one way or another about the stock connec- tions, but that Nixon is connected to Resorts Inter- national, at least through Golden. is indisputable. Perhaps more disquieting than rumors of Nixon stock ownership in an underworld holding company for Bahamian casinos are the reports of his meddling in Bahamian affairs. In 1969 a proposed tax increase on gambling profits to provide money for Bahamian schools was slashed in half by the Minister of Fi- nance. The Minister refused to explain the cut, and told opposition members to "use your imagina- tion" for an explanation. The advice was taken literally by some Bahamian papers who speculated that pressure came from "out- side sources connected with casinos". One Bahamian paper asked openly if "a telephone call from the White House was not responsible?" . Whereas our investigation into Cuban politics brought evidence to light possible violations of the Neutrality Act, we now have the possibility of an American President who has spent a significant amount of his vacation time in the Bahamas also med- dling in the affairs of that country. Richard Nixon, a man with both visible and invis- ible links to the underworld and politics of pre- Castro Cuba, turns up in the Bahamas with very simi- lar links, bringing some big names along with him. Enter William Rogers Two men with histories both in Bahamian politics and in the finances of organized crime have made frequent use of the legal services of a firm whose most prominent partner is Richard Nixon's old friend William P. Rogers, one-time Secretary of State. The two men are Mike McLaney, charged by the Royal Commission in 1967, and a business cohort of his named William Colusardo. McLaney and Colusardo were investigated in 1967 by the Securities and Ex- change Commission in connection with a blueberry plantation that McLaney sold to a company controlled by Colusardo. The subsequent corporate jugglings implicated (among others) newly elected Bahamian Premier Lyndon Pindling. Among Colusardo's "favors" for Pindling were the use of his airplane during the election campaign, and a $127,000 contribution in the form of an "interest payment". The law firm that defended McLaney and Colusardo against the SEC was that of William P. Rogers. 'Rogers had been a close friend and political associate of Nixon's for twenty-five years. He accompanied Nixon on many of his Bahamian jaunts and also made frequent stops with him at the Key Biscayne Inn and Villas. In ad- dition to being an "R & R" sidekick, Rogers was the man Nixon turned to for counsel amidst his personal crises in the Checkers affair and Eisenhower's seri- ous heart attack. Rogers served the Eisenhower/Nixon team for eight years in the Department of Justice, first as Deputy Attorney General, and then, by 1957, as Attorney General. The Justice Department's record against organized crime in the years following the Kefauver Commission was lackluster, to say the least. It was Rogers who personally rejected the recommendations of the specially constituted Wessell Committee on organized crime set up in the wake of the infamous Appalachian raid in upstate New York that revealed a Mafia summit conference. The Committee's propos- als for a concentrated and coordinated war on or- ganized crime were only implemented some years later by Attorney General Robert Kennedy. A footnote in the Justice Department files was a report by IRS Speciar Agent Josph Delfine, dated Oc- tober 19, 1953. The IRS recommended to the Justice Department that "criminal proceedings be instituted against Meyer Lansky in the Southern Judicial Dis- trict of New York for the willful attempt to defeat and evade a large portion of his income taxes for the years 1945 and 1947 under section 145b of the Internal Revenue Code". The Justice Department -- with William Rogers second in command at the time -- respectfully declined to prosecute. Lums Hot Dogs Upon leaving his post as Attorney General in 1960, Rogers became a member of the New York firm of Royal, Koegel and Wells. In 1969, with its leading partner about to become Secretary of State, Royal, etc. moved with its clients wholeheartedly into the world of gambling casinos and organized crime. A year later Royal took on the account of the Miami-based hot dog chain, Lums Inc. What did a hot dog chain have to offer a prestigious New York law firm? The answer may lie in where the firm took its client. 13-00000 I; 1969 Lums purchased the Ceasar's Palace Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas for $60,000,000. A month later the Nevada state gambling authorities were looking into the hotels' "catering to twelve under- world figures from Kansas City". A few months after the purchase the SEC filed suit charging Lums and Ceasar's Palace with "false and misleading" statements. The SEC wondered how Ceasar's managed to lose $1,000,000 in five months when the previous year (before Lums bought in) there was a$2,200,000 profit for a comparable time period. The SEC also questioned Lums concerning the $3.500,000 Lums paid one Jerome Zarowitz, aconvicted professional sports fixer who wasn't even listed as an owner of the casino. Top officials in both Cea- sar's and Lums have been under investigation by IRS intelligence in Miami and by Nevada gaming authori- Otms in cases involving organized crime ever since Rogers' firm took on the Lums account. There is also the question of the 1971 Lums ac- quisition of a North Miami housing resort develop- ment called Sky Lakes. Both Sky Lakes and Ceasar's Palace have received large sums of money from the Teamsters -- $12,000,000 for the Miami project and more than $16,000,000 for Ceasar's Palace. With things going slowly. Lums announced plans for a new $22,000,000 casino next door to Ceasar's Palace. In December of 1971 the company decided that the whole restaurant idea was no longer worth the trouble. In a classic climax to a classic Amer- ican success they changed their name to Ceasar's World Inc. and sold their hot dog stands. Meanwhile the Secretary of State's old law firm reaped a bundle with their new-found involvement in the Las Vegas underworld. With such stunning suc- cesses at home, one wonders what a firm with a link to the Secretary of State could do abroad, in places like the Bahamas or Vietnam, for example. Nor do the underworld implications of big names surrounding Nixon end with the Secretary of State. Murray Chotiner, a long-time Nixon aide and archi- tect of his early smear campaigns, has past links to the underworld. In 1962 Drew Pearson and Jack An- derson wrote that "Chotiner ... besides representing the top gangster of Philadelphia, Marco Reginelli, represented a long and amazing list of hoods, con- cession peddlers, income tax violators and others needing influence in high places ..." It was Chot- iner who brought Frank Vitale, "once involved in the biggest bootlegging conspiracy on the West Coast," onto Nixon's special plane to Moscow in 1959. Nixon's recent appointment of Walter Annenberg as Ambassador to England also echoes the themes of un- derworld involvement. Annenberg and his father were indicted in 1939 for "aiding and abetting" in con- nection with their wire service operation inChicago, an operation run with the protection of Al Capone, for which the Annenbergs paid $1,000,000. The An- nenberg family was also a major contributor to Nix- on's 1968 election campaign. Further back in the Nixon saga, and closer to his southern California birthplace, lies San Diego fin- ancier, C. Arnholdt Smith and his bookmaker partner John Alessio. In 1946 Alessio and Smith introduced Nixon to another bookmaker named Lew Lipinsky. Lip- insky, who was convicted for bookmaking in 1938, served for three decades as a go-between for the Smith/Alessio interests to their syndicate connec- tions. Some of the dealings of the Smith/Alessio combine were brought to national prominence by a recent LIFE magazine article which accused Attorney General Richard Kleindienst of "tampering with justice" in a case involving Alessio. According to the Wall Street Journal, Smith raised $1,000,000 for Nixon's 1966 campaign. He and his wife took the first position on the receiving line behind the President at the White House inauguration. More of the Same in California Nixon's other favorite resting place besides Key Biscayne is the area near his birthplace in southern California. Here the underworld pattern of his Florida involvements repeats itself -- in a strik- ingly similar pattern. One story there involves Nixon's multi-million- aire backer, C. Arnholdt Smith, and the Del Charro Hotel in La Jolla, just north of San Diego. The Del Charro was a favorite stopover for Nixon in the Fifties. Owned by the Murchison brothers, who also owned the nearby Del Mar race track, the hotel played host to numerous Detroit and Las Vegas gangsters. Alan Witwer, a foimer. manager of the hotel, has alleged in statements to this repotter and -others that the hotel served as a secret meeting place for politicians and assorted business inter- ests, some of them from the underworld. Witwer spe- cifically cited a 1954 meeting attended by Nixon and chaired by a leading member of ITT. He also claimed that there was a bookmaking operation at the hotel, but has offered no documented proof. Mrs. C. Arnholdt Smith is a permanent resident of the Del Charro, and the hotel's visitors have in- cluded John Connally, Barry Goldwater, and J. Edgar Hoover. Hoover's $15,000-a-year bills were picked up by the stockholders of the Murchison interests. The fact that certain of Hoover's good friends rubbed elbows, rather warmly, with Meyer Lansky, and the fact that the nation's leading crime fighting agency -- the FBI -- has come up almost blank in its fight against organized crime may not prove anything about Hoover. On the other hand, these facts don't make it any easier to dismiss questions which might arise about the influence of organized crime at the highest levels of government. North of the Del Charro and thirty miles south of the San Clemente White House, lies the mammoth La Costa land resort development. The development is tied to both Smith (his daughter is a director) and to the Teamsters. LaCosta was originally developed by Cleveland syndicate reliables Allard Roen and Moe Dalitz. The development was reorganized in 1968 to bring Team- ster control more in line with their investments, which already exceeded $18,000,000. Like Sky Lakes. its Florida counterpart, La Costa attracts a whole range of figures from organized crime. La Costa visitors have included Willie "Ice Pick" Alderman, a St. Louis mob cohort Morris Shenker. and Wallace Groves and Lou Chesler of Bahamas fame. According to eyewitnesses, when Grates' helicop- ter sets down, the red carpet is rolled out. It may be because Groves bought a home in La Costa, but more likely it's because, as government agents put it, "where Groves appears, Meyer Lansky will not be far behind". Another mob frequenter of the La Costa develop- ment is Jake Arvey, an organizer of the Republic 13-00000 Nation4 Bank in Miami, the bank through which Ber- nard Barker channeled funds for the Watergate crime. The Teamsters Again A recent visitor to La Costa was Frank Fitzsim- mons, a key to Nixon's new-found support in organ- ized labor. Fitzsimmons is president of tne Team- sters Union. This summer he stopped in La Costa on his way to see Nixon at San Clemente. Fitzsimmons had just come from dinner in Detroit with a local Mafia figure and soon after his Detroit-La Costa-San Clemente excursion, Fitzsimmons announced his sup- port for Nixon. One wonders whether the Teamster decision to stay on the Pay Board and to support Nixon is somehow related to what the Detroit Free Press has been hinting strongly as of late: that the administration has stopped prOsecution of Frank's son Richard Fitzsimmons -- the business partner of a Detroit mobster -- on charges of missing unionfunds, iMPlachange for Teamster support of the Republican Prendent. Whatever deals Nixon and Fitzsimmons did make, the Teamsters have a long working relationship with organized crime. Their marriage goes back over twenty years, where Jimmy Hoffa was introduced to the Detroit underworld by Paul Dorfman, in exchange for some multi-million dollar insurance business. Dorfman's son, Paul, has residences at both Sky Lakes and La Costa and was recently convicted of taking kickbacks on a Teamster loan. The Teamster tradition of labor racketeering and corruption made for a ready alliance with the mob. Early government investigations of the Teamsters, such as the Bobby Kennedy-led McClellan Permanent Committee on Investigations, centered on labor rac- keteering. As Attorney General, Kennedy continued his pursuit of the Teamsters and their boss, Jimmy Hoffa. At one point Kennedy had twenty-nine grand juries simultaneously investigating Hoffa's activity -- one of which led to a conviction for mail fraud and jury tampering. .In 1969, two Oakland Tribune reporters concluded a six-month investigation with the charge that "the $628,000,000 Teamsters Central States, Southeast and Southwest Pension Fund headquartered in Chicago, has become a bankroll for some of America's most sinis- ter underground figure". Nowhere does the relationship between this fund and the mob surface more dramatically than in Las Vegas, where Teamster trustees have approved loans between $50 and $70,000,000, some shakily secured by second mortgages and subordinated notes. A high- ranking Federal official has commented that "the Teamster fund is a sort of open bank to people well- connected in Las Vegas and well-connected to organ- ized crime". It was Hoffa's desire "to have [his] own bank in every city" that brought on the Teamster takeover of the Miami National Bank. The Bank in turn is just one of a long list of ventures, suchas Ceasar's Pal- ace, Sky Lakes. La Costa. Worldwide Realty, Interna- tional Airport Hotel Systems, Truesdale Estates. in which Teamster money amounting to over $60,000,000 figures prominently alongside the social and busi- ness partners of Richard M. Nixon -- a line of in- vestments that leads from Nixon's three White Houses to a Federal clemency for Jimmy Hoffa and back to organized crime. The current head of the Justice Department's Criminal Division saw enough evidence in 1967 to say that he "knew for a moral certainty [that] in the upper echelons there is an amalgamation between the Cosa Nostra and the Teamsters Union". In 1971, when a Federal Grand Jury probing the activities of Meyer Lansky questioned Jimmy Hoffa, many wondered whether the links between the two giants were more direct than the numerous transactions between mutual friends. A few months after his testimony, Hoffa was granted clemency after serving less than five years of his thirteen-year sentence. The freeing of Hoffa and three co-defendents of the 1963 wire fraud pen- sion case is the latest and most crucial event in Nixon's longstanding friendship, a friendship with some clear public benefits for both. Jack Anderson documents, for example, that as early as 1960, then Vice-President Nixon and Attorney General Rogers in- tervened to halt an indictment against Hoffa in ex- change for Hoffa's support in the 1960 election. ANICO � More of the Same in Texas In recent years the Teamster fund has been super- seded by a giant Texas insurance company as a major source of finance for Las Vegas .casinos tied to the mob. The company is the American National Insurance Company (ANICO) of Galveston, Texas. ANICO is close to the heart and pocketbook of the two ranking Tex- ans in the Nixon administration -- former Treasury Secretary John Connally and former Assistant Attor- ney General Will Wilson. As well as floating more than $40,000,000 to Las Vegas casinos and $13,000,000 to premier mob attor- ney Morris Shenker, ANICO has made loans to two Florida companies close to Richard Nixon -- $1,750,000 in 1966 to the Mary Carter Paint Company, and $3,000,000 in 1970 to a subsidiary of Worldwide Realty. That year a group of disenchanted stockholders filed a multi-million-dollar suit, charging ANICO officials with having taken control of the company and using it as a private preserve as well as a source of funds for the mob. The defendants in the suit hired Nixon's New York firm to handle the case. Connally's Houston law firm has also been used by ANICO. The First Na- tional Bank of Houston, of which Connally was a di- rector and in which some of his law partners were officers, has provided an interest-free account of more than $1,000,000 for ANICO. Connally was also a director of a savings association which was pur- chased recently by ANICO. Will Wilson was "general" of the Justice Depart- ment's "war" on crime from 1969-1971. He was head of the Criminal Division until October 1971, when his resignation was forced by disclosures tying him to the scandal-rocked financial empire of Texas wheeler-dealer Frank Sharp. Wilson has been charged by dissident ANICO stockholders of helping to drag ANICO into the twilight zones of finance with such deals as the 1963 absorption of a defaulted $450,000 mortgage held by Sharp. Sharp's attorney and"finan- cial advisor" on the deal was Will Wilson. � While Attorney General of Texas, Wilson sued the foundation which controlled ANICO to bring three new trustees onto the foundation's board of directors. Wilson has no visible ties to the new trustees, whose votes were instrumental in shaping the com- pany's new financial course. But dissident stock- holders have charged that the "negotiations" that 13-00000 brought on the shift of control in the foundations were handled by a Galveston law firm linked to the mob. The stockholders also claim that John Connally played a role in these negotiations, albeit a "back- stage" role. The ANICO case is part of a long his- tory of Wilson's involvement with the Galveston un- derworld. When he came to the Justice Department in Wash- ington. Wilson discovered the organized crime divi- sion looking into the affairs of ANICO. Since then there have been no indictments in the case and there are reports that Wilson had the ANICO files locked safely in his personal office. One source of those reports is Stewart Hopps, a former Justice Depart- ment investigator. Some serious conflict-of-interest charges con- cerning ANICO remain: vased!�-The officers of ANICO who were later represented � by Nixon's law firm, made a loan to a company whose top officers are long-time friends of Nixon. � The criminal division of the Justice Department has been headed by a man with direct links in a company the division is supposedly investigating. � The company also has clear ties to Nixon's former Treasury Secretary, a man mentioned for the Vice- Presidency, the national chairman of Democrats for Nixon, and a key figure in the President's re-election scheme. Whose Justice Department? The ANICO case takes us to a fitting endpoint to the story of Richard Nixon's involvement with the underworld -- the Department of Justice. It is an old saw that criminal and criminal-chaser eventually become involved in the same business, but in Richard Nixon that old saw has become more of a reality than perhaps ever before in American history. For Rich- ard Nixon is a man whose name has been synonymous with "law and order" in America for three decades. Yet the four-year "war" on organized crime by the Nixon administration bears more resemblance to the "peace" in Vietnam than a sincere effort to get at the mob. In a recent interview in U.S. News and World Re- port (September 11, 1972), Attorney General Richard Kleindienst hailed "about 1600" indictments of un- derworld figures brought by the Nixon administration in the past three and half years. The Justice De- partment claims that many of these indictments in- volve top mobsters. Those outside the Nixon administration, however, have charged that the government's prosecution has been both partisan and selective, aimed exclusively at mobsters linked to big-city Democrats such as in Newark, and at the "little fish" who are always in abundance and who make little difference in conduct- ing mob business. Time has reported that quotas have been established (i.e. one hundred hoodlums a month for New York City) and that arrests are "being delayed so that future quotas can be filled". The New York Times has editorialized about the ease with which petty gamblers can and have-been rounded up, and wondered aloud if the Justice Department isn't conducting more a publicity war than one on organ- ized crime. A Times report this year found the gov- ernment was building up a backlog of gambling in- dictments, saving them for a crucial time during the election campaign. Indeed, while the Nixon-Agnew-Mitchell team has used the spectre of "CRIME" to keep the fear level high and to guarantee large budgets and expanded powers for their Justice Department, the actual "at- tempts" of the Nixon administration to cope with or- ganized crime have resembled a somewhat sinister up- date of the Keystone Cops. For example, up to 1.000 of Kleindienst's vaunted 1600 indictees in gambling and organized crime may have their cases thrown out for somewhat dubious "improper procedures" technicalities. A Miami at- torney named James Hogan has "discovered" irregular- ities on signatures required for electronic surveil- lance authorizations. Court-approved wiretaps re- quire written authorization by the Attorney General of a designated representative, in this case Will Wilson. Instead of being signed by John Mitchell or by Wilson, the authorizations in question were signed by aides, thus rendering thousands of wiretap authorizations -- and the indictments based on them -- useless. Hogan himself is a long-time syndicate attorney and a partner of Ben Cohen, a former political boss of Miami Beach who figures prominently in the For- ties' takeover of Miami by organized crime. The case in which Hogan made his discovery involved the busting of the largest heroin/cocaine ring in Miami, many of whose members were Cuban refugees. Inspec- tion of various court papers, including wiretap authorizations, confirmed "irregularities" in the signature -- Will Wilson's signature. While resem- bling his actual handwriting, the signatures ap- peared as "Wil" instead of "Will". While it may seem strange for an aide to misspell his boss' name, it seems even stranger that Hogan took the case. His normal fees start in five fig- ures but he has been working on behalf of his court- declared indigent client for more than two years with minimal compensation. While Hogan is known as a "very thorough" attorney, it would be interesting to find out more about the circumstances in which he discovered the "irregularities". , Even more interesting, perhaps, are the circum- stances under which Richard Kleindienst was offered a bribe of $100,000 to quash several mob indictments In sworn testimony inNovember1971,Kleindienstadmit- ted to being offered the $100,000 bribe (which would be paid in the form of a contribution to Nixon's 1972 campaign) in exchange for stopping prosecution against several underworld figures caught in a stock fraud case. The bribe was offered by an aide of Senator Hiram Fong, a Republican from Hawaii. The aide had worked previously with Kelindienst through Fong's position on the Senate Judiciary Committee. Kleindienst said he refused the offer but he also . said he did not realize it was a bribe for an entire week! In cross examination, the prosecutor asked Klein- dienst, "If you had regarded the conversation as something regarding a bribe offer you would have im- mediately report it, would you not?" "Yes sir," replied Kleindienst, "I would have." Kleindienst admitted he reported tfie bribe a full week later, upon learning from J. Edgar Hoover that Federal agents were investigating the case. One would expect the Attorney General of the United States to be more alert. But what is more troubling are reports aired in the Washington Post 13-00000 shortly, after the indictments in the stock fraud pase in question (and ten months before Klein- dienst's testimony on the bribe). Those reports quoted "sources at the U.S. Attorney's office in New York" and indicated that after the meeting between Kleindienst and Fong's aide, "Kleindienst immedi- ately contacted Justice's Criminal Division [then headed by Will Wilson) and ... an FBI agent was as- signed to infiltrate the group of alleged conspira- tors". Do we now believe Kleindienst's story that he "didn't realize" he had been offered a bribe, or do we believe the U.S. Attorney's office in New York? Did Will Wilson and the Justice Department hold off a week while Kleindienst "made up his mind" that he had been offered a bribe, or was the decision whether or not to take it? And did Hoover and the FBI somehow interfere?, 4Pirchaps the answer comes in the final outcome of the actual prosecution involved. The defendants in the stock-fraud case included Meyer Lansky's son-in- law, a former director of the Bank of Miami Beach and Johnny Dio, a notorious racketeer long associ- ated with Jimmy Hoffa. They were acquitted, while the messengers who offered the bribe were convicted. One wonders if that $100,000 did not find its way into the Republican secret treasury after all. The To of the Iceberg "The organized criminal relies on physical terror and psychological intimidation, on economic re- taliation and political bribery, on citizen's in- difference and government acquiescence. He cor- rupts our governing institutions and subverts our democratic processes." -- Richard Nixon, April 24, 1969 Someone should tell President Nixon that resist- ing the power of organized crime demands, above all, a President with a clean slate. Nixon's life is like a complex jigsaw puzzle, the pieces of which have been shuffled so as to defy complete reconstruction. Some of the crucial pieces have been removed, so a full picture cannot be achieved. It is no accident that no other politi- cian has been so much written about, yet so little understood. Indeed, much has been made of the "enigma" of Richard Nixon, his tight-lipped bearing in relation to his personal life, his unwillingness to divulge what's really on his mind. But maybe the answer to the enigma lies in his old poker-playing instincts, in the unfailing abil- ity to keep quiet when he's sitting on cards best hidden from the table. For there is one indisputable fact about Richard Nixon's career -- his ascendancy to the pinnacle of American power has required twenty-five years of care and feeding by some very wealthy and very re- actionary men, and an extraordinary number of them have maintained connection, with the world of or- ganized crime. During Nixon's years in office the underworld em- pire in the United States has prosperbd almost unre- stricted by the Federal government. From its base In the gigantic resources of heroin traffic, gamb- ling, prostitution, "protection," and a host of other enterprises of violence against society, or- ganized crime has moved like a bulldozer into the world of legal, "respectable" business. Every link between Richard Nixon and organized crime, however marginal, is of significance, if for no other reason because he is President. And there are people all over America, from government intel- ligence agents to hotel waiters, who have Nixon stories to tell. He covers his tracks well, but not well enough. The full extent of Nixon's involvement with or- ganized crime is just beginning to surface. The evidence in this article is merely the top of a dirty iceberg that will slowly become visible over the coming years. The milieu in which he has traveled for three decades, and in which so many of his friends, as- sociates, and appointees have been related to the mob, throw a long and permanent shadow over every- thing Richard Nixon the "public servant" has ever said, and over everything his political life has ever meant. For in light of his career, both past and pres- ent, Richard M. Nixon seems to be the factual em- bodiment of Ralph Salerno's prediction that organ- ized crime would someday put its own man in the White House. The information in this article was gathered during a six-month investigation carried out in many cities, primarily Miami, New York, Washington, D.C., Los Angeles, San Diego, Las Vegas, Dallas, Austin, Galveston, Tallahassee, and San Francisco. Sources included interviews with over a hundred people; court documents (including deeds, mortgages, etc.); research in the National Archives, Washing- ton, D.C.; organized crime intelligence files (both private and government); and newspaper clippings. Unsettling, Disturbing, Critical . . . Computers and Automation, established 1951 and therefore the oldest magazine in the field of com- puters and data processing, believes that the pro- fession of information engineer includes not only competence inhandling information using computers and other means, but also a broad responsibility, in a professional and engineering sense, for: -- The reliability and social significance of pertinent input data; -- The social value and truth of the output results. In the same way, a bridge engineer takes a pro- fessional responsibility for the reliability and significance of the data he uses, and the safety and efficiency of the bridge he builds, for human beings to risk their lives on. Accordingly, Computers and Automation publishes from time to time articles and other information related to socially useful input and output of data systems in a broad sense. To this end we seek to publish what is unsettling, disturbing, critical -- but productive of thought and an improved and safer "house" for all humanity, an earth in which our children and later generations may have a fu- ture, instead of facing extinction. The professional information engineer needs to relate his engineering to the most important and most serious problems in the world today: war, nuclear weapons, pollution, the population explo- sion, and many more. 13-00000 ACROSS THE EDITOR'S DESK Computing and Data Processing Newsletter Table of Contents APPLICATIONS National American Bank Installs Computer- Based Security System Nova Computer Checks Strength of Roof in 1.11,47;.-- Coal Mine �...:Phone Books by Computer EDUCATION NEWS Digital,Equipment Corp. Computer Aids M.I.T. Music Project Composing by Computer at ISU Student Programs Computer for Remedial 42 Instruction 44 44 42 RESEARCH "Talking" Ballpoint Pen Under Development 45 MISCELLANEOUS 43 ICCP Names Directors and Officers 45 IFIP Congress '74 Travel Grants 47 APPLICATIONS NATIONAL AMERICAN BANK INSTALLS COMPUTER-BASED SECURITY SYSTEM 7bn, Burbank National American Bank 2010 Carmielet New Orleans, Lc 70130 A computer-based system designed to prevent un- authorized access to high security areas has gone into operation at National American Bank here -- one of the first U.S. banks to install such a sys- tem. The IBM Controlled Access System (CAS) at Na- tional American is based on the use of magnetically encoded, wallet-sized identification cards similar to bank credit cards. Each person authorized to enter a security area is assigned a card coded with his own security num- ber. Employees seeking entry to an area covered by the system simply insert their cards into compact reading devices on entrance doors, and. the informa- tion is transmitted to an IBM System/7 computer for identification. Stored in the computer's memory is a list of em- ployee numbers and building areas these numbers are designated for. If the number of the card entitles the bearer access to that area, the computer signals the door to unlock. If the person is unauthorized to enter, the door remains closed and a security guard is notified. The elapsed time isapproximately one second. If a card is lost or stolen, a new card (with a new number) is issued and the system is alerted to deny entry to the original card.* If the old card is used, the guard is alerted. As an additional safeguard, the system can auto- matically log all entrance activity by individual security code, door number, date and time of day. This helps track who is where and for how long. National American can now analyze the number of times an individual enters and at what time of day or night this activity occurs. The system also has built-in failsafe mechanisms which insure security in the event of a power failure. "Unfortunately, we are doing business in a time when public and private institutions are increas- ingly vulnerable to lawless elements," said National American President Louie J. Roussel III. "By adding the IBM Controlled Access System to our current se- curity procedures, we are taking a major step to in- sure that our customers and employees are protected. And, by controlling access to the collateral'instru- ment storage areas, we can make it very difficult for unauthorized people to gain access to valuable assets stored in the bank." NOVA COMPUTER CHECKS STRENGTH OF ROOF IN COAL MINE Edgar E. Geithner Data General Corp. Southboro, Mass, 01772 Data General's minicomputers track hurricanes from airplanes for the U.S. Air Force; the Army has mounted them in helicopters; Scripps Oceanographic Institute has one :on a ship; a scientist bounces over Canadian glaciers with one mounted in his tracked vehicle; and an oil company uses one of the computers to control an oilfield in the Libyan des- ert. Now engineers at the University of Texas (Aus- tin) have a minicomputer in the bottom of a mine. Dr. A. L. Podio, an assistant professor in the university's Department of Petroleum Engineering. and a team of researchers from the Center for Earth Sciences and Engineering, use a Nova 820. computer to detect possible weak spots in the ro9fs of mines. The computer system, developed for the U.S. Bureau of Mines, has been .on the job on the floor of Kaiser Corporation's York Canyon coal mine in New Mexico. "One of the most frequent causes of mine accidents is roof collapse," Dr. Podio said. "This system was designed to use the principles of seismic explora- tions to identify failure planes and fracture zones in the rocks overlaying the mine roof. If tests 13-00000 show the area around a roof is weakening, it can be supported by beams or roof bolts." In seismic exploration, a high energy explosion is set off, and sensitive instruments determine the structure and makeup of surrounding land by record- ing how fast the shock waves travel through the ground. The.waveforms can be interpreted to pin- point probable deposits of oil, and to describe rock formations. "Using a large energy souce like an ex- plosion in a mine is out of the question," Dr. Podio said, "so a manually controlled impact device was designed to generate the shock waves." The impact device, which works like a BB gun, uses air pressure to shoot a round projectile at a striker plate mounted at the end of the barrel. When the striker plate is pressed against the wall or roof of the mine and the device is triggered, shock waves are ,sent through fhe surrounding rock. Tha_jhock waves are picked up by wideband transduc- eirodigitized by a fast transient recorder, and processed through the Nova 820 for waveform enhance- ment. The waveform is then displayed on an oscil- loscope, with the results of velocity and depth cal- culations. Permanent records of the waveform can be made on paper tape, or by transmitting the data to a large scale remote computer. "A mine could make daily checks with the system to detect changes in rock strata as the working face of the mine advances," Dr. Podio said, "or the sys- tem could be transported throughout the mine to make daily checks on the condition of roofs at predeter- mined key locations." Dr. Podio noted that similar systems could be used to predict the quality of rock in rapid excavation projects or could be used in nondestructive tests of large concrete structures. PHONE BOOKS BY COMPUTER Peter A. Cassels Bell Telephone Laboratories Mountain Ave. Murray Hill, N.J. 07974 The Bell System is using computer technology to modernize production of the White Pages telephone books. A system designed to improve customer serv- ice, control costs and streamline massive record- keeping operations is now being implemented. The syRtem -- called DIR/ECT (for DIRectory projECT) -- was developed by Bell Laboratories, the research and development unit of the Bell System. Michigan Bell Telephone Company recently issued its first directory containing listings produced by the sys- tem. Michigan Bell also is using the system to produce some of its directory assistance records. DIR/ECT is a more sophisticated outgrowth of its prototype, PHOTAC, a similar process developed by the New York Telephone Company under sponsorship of the nationwide Bell System. The first directory produced by the PHOTAC system was distributed in 1966. Since then, New York Telephone has converted some 4.5 million listings to the process. Currently the 12 major downstate White Pages directories are produced by PHOTAC. The DIR/ECT system stores in a computer memory directory information such as the customer's name, address, telephone number -- even telephone book delivery instructions. The information in the com- puter memory then is fed into a device called a photocomposer, which provides ready-to-print list- ings for White Pages. Besides the annual White Pages directories. DIR/ECT produces daily updates of new listings and monthly reprints for the telephone companies' directory assistance operators. Although customers may see no obvious differences in the computer-produced directory, listings are easier to read and pages cleaner looking. The di- rectories also have uniform abbreviations. The sys- tem has built-in cross-checks for consistent spell- ing of street names and for obvious errors in street and telephone numbers. There also is provision for massive directory listing changes, caused by renam- ing of streets and buildings. Today, listings for phone directories are gener- ally set line-by-line in metal type. Changes in listings must be reset and inserted by hand. With the new system, changes can be made quickly (because information is stored on magnetic computer tape and not metal type), the need to store tons of lead type will end, and the growing cost of publishing direc- tories will be lessened. EDUCATION NEWS M.I.T. MUSIC PROJECT USES DEC COMPUTER News Office Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge, Mass. 02139 The Massachusetts Institute of Technology has be- gun work on a project aimed at making the Institute a major center for the study and composition of electronic music. Barry Vercoe, assistant professor of music, working with a computer given to the De- partment of Humanities' music section by Digital Equipment Corp. of Maynard, is in the early stages of developing a major electronic music production facility at the Institute. Professor Vercoe said the computer facility "will be a tool both in the hands of the teacher and the composer that will greatly aid the development of creativity. The facility also will provide an ex- cellent tool in the teaching of musical composition for conventional instruments. "Ibis is definitely not a scientific project. I'm not interested in merely getting a computer to sound exactly like a trumpet. The technological applica- tion, however, will interest some students who might not approach music otherwise and some of these will be drawn into its aesthetic considerations, through the back door as it were," Professor Vercoe said. Why compose music for a machine at all? "I suppose someone asked that very question when man first composed music for what are nowtraditional instruments, instead of for the human voice alone," Professor Vercoe said. "Electronic music merely ex- pands the forces available to the practicing com- poser." The PDP-11/45 computer -- coupled with music in- put -- also will lend itself to other forms of music research, such as syntactic analysis of music struc- tures. Professor Vercoe is the author of thewidely used Music 360 language for digital sound synthesis. He has taught at M.I.T. fbr two years and is director of the Experimental Music Studio. His work. "Meta- morphoses for Orchestra," was given its Boston pre- mier early this year by the M.I.T. Symphony and was performed by the orchestra on its subsequent nation- 13-00000 wide'tour. Working with Professor Vercoe on the project are Richard J. Steiger, a graduate student, and Stephen Haflich, a recent M.I.T. graduate. COMPOSING BY COMPUTER AT ISU Information Service lows State University of Science and Technology Ames, Iowa 50010 Music composers at Iowa State University may turn from their piano keyboards and hand-written scores to a more efficient instrument for composing music -- a computer. ISU faculty members are building a computerized electronic music studio -- a system that will technologically simplify composing elec- tronic music. The studio is being designed and built by an interdisciplinayy group from Iowa State's music, computer science, and electrical en- ialemeering departments, under the direction of Stefan Silverston. assistant professor of computer science. Terry Smay, professor of electrical engineering, and Gary White, associate professor of music. Electronic music is produced by purely electronic means and the Iowa State,Computerized Music System (ISMUS) will be doing just that -- generating music with computer equipment. A composer will sit at the computer and write a musical composition using an electronic keyboard. The new system, which was expected to be operable this fall, should be an easier method of modifying and editing a musical piece. The normal hand opera- tions of changing notations on a printed score or splicing tapes of recorded music are "more time- consuming and inaccurate" processes for correcting a composition, according to Gary White. The computer composing process begins when the composer inserts introductory instructions into a teletype machine. On an electronic keyboard he then begins to compose his piece. The computer records all musical instructions which are transformed through a digital-to-analog sound converter and loudspeaker into sound. This immediate feedback system enables the composer to hear what he is com- posing simultaneously. The computer also allows the composer to automatically play back and edit what he has written simply by striking another key. The musician has now completed one "layer" of music. If he wants to add further musical instruc- tions to the composition, he repeats the entire pro- cess again. All layers merge together to obtain the product -- a completed electronic composition. The music instructions which the composer inserts into the system are a special electronic music nota- tion -- a "computer language." The English words it uses can be compared to musical notation found on a conventional score -- treble and bass clefs, notes, rests, and the like. Electronic music has been used in commercial re- cordings, and as background music for television, radio and film. The kowa State system will be so- phisticated enough for use in serious compositional study, the production of background music for vari- ous media, and for the demonstration of sound prop- erties. The ISMUS presently being built is a protytype of a full-scale model. If the "test-system" proves satisfactory, "we will look for funding to build a full-scale model," says White. The project is pres- ently supported by a $1,170 grant from Western Elec- tric and a National Science Foundation institutional grant of $8,698. The prototype employs a mini-com- puter that is owned by Iowa State. The studio will be used as a teaching tool for the ISU music program. Computer software, the pro- grams (sequences of operations to be performed by the computer) written for the system, will be devel- oped so a composer can use the studio equipment without having prior knowledge of computer program- ming. Students will be able to learn basic acousti- cal concepts and principles of electronic music syn- thesis and to develop sensitivity to timbre with the ISMUS. Also contributing to introductory computer science courses, the system will be a novel example of computer application in a non-scientific field. STUDENT PROGRAMS COhtPirrER FOR REMEDIAL INSTRUCTION Edson, J. Canty Digital Equipment Corp. Maynard, Mass 01754 Using programs developed by a local high school student, School District 91 in Idaho Falls, has put its newly-acquired. computer to work as a "super tutor" in remedial studies for disadvantaged child- ren in this southeastern Idaho community. Designed to improve the arithmetic and language arts skills of children in grades 2 through 6, the project was introduced by director of curriculum Dr. Wallace Manning with federal Title 'l aid during the dis- trict's 1973 summer session for children largely from rural farm families. According to John A. Christensen, computer sciences coordinator, the project proved so successful in its initial appli- cation that it has been continued in the fall se- mester. The student programmer is Robert Huntsman, 18, a June graduate of Idaho Falls' Skyline High School. Using the district's PDP-11/20 timesharing computer system installed last December by Digital Equipment Corporation. Huntsman developed programs for arith- metic and language drill to serve between 40 and 50 pupils on each of two teletypewriter terminals situ- ated in local elementary schools. In a typical arithmetic routine, the computer types a problem and waits for the pupil's response -- ten seconds if the problem is a memory exercise, longer if it involves several columns for addition or several digits for multiplication. If the stu- dent's answer is correct, Huntsman's program directs the terminal to ring a bell in congratulation; if incorrect, the computer supplies a hint on where the mistake occurred and encourages him to try again. Answers to English and social studies workbook questions have been entered in the computer memory, allowing students to do their homework at a terminal and receive immediate response. The computer keeps score of right and wrong answers to produce reports for teacher guidance. Spelling-recognition exer- cises are also in use and Huntsman has undertaken development of an arithmetic program involving frac- tions "One of the computer's major advantages is its ability to pay attention to individual children." Christensen said. ".Every child enrolled in the regular summer session was able to get experience at a terminal and benefit from these interactive programs." He said high school laboratory assist- ants will continue to write instructional programs for elementary and junior high levels, expanding the library begun by Huntsman. For future summer ses- . 13-00000 .sions, he added, the district hopes to make such computer assistance available at a nearby rural ele- inentary school attended by children of migrant farm workers. RESEARCH FRONTIER "TALKING" BALLPOINT PEN UNDER DEVELOPMENT Ronald I. Deutsch Stanford Research Institute Menlo ;ark Calif. 94025 A prototype model of a simple, inexpensive "talk- ing" ballpoint pen, under development at Stanford Research Institute (SRI), could reduce massive pa- perwork and delay in routine business transactions. The pen is similar to an ordinary pen in size and skapc except that it is wired to a computer system. liketomputer is programmed to receive signals gener- ated instantaneously as a person hand-prints charac- ters with the pen to record information. "Such instantaneous and remote processing of data might be invaluable to large businesses engaged in daily consumer-oriented services, such as banks, in- surance companies and utilities," says staff scien- tist Dr. Hewitt D. Crane, the inventor. For exam- ple, the pen could be used by a bank teller credit- ing a savings or checking account. In this case, according to Dr. Crane, the data would not have to be retranscribed from a piece of paper by another employee, or the paper itself put through expensive automatic reading equipment. Thus, costs'and de- lays could be reduced in crediting accounts or es- tablishing cash requirements. In another case, a meter reader making his rounds for a utility could use the pen in combination with a cassette recorder. When he returned to his of- fice, the cassette tape would be programmed into the system, thus eliminating the need for manual re- transcription of a day's worth of data. In the present laboratory version, the pen is hooked to an audio unit as well as a teleprinter, so that as a person writes, the characters appear on the teleprinter and are spoken by the audio unit. SRI holds a patent on the pen and is currently seeking financial support for further development, Dr. Crane says. He estimates that the pen itself might cost about $25 to $50. A central computer unit would be extra but could serve many pens. MISCELLANEOUS ICCP NAMES DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS Paul M. Pair, Secretary & Chairman Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals P.O. Box 1442 Chicago, III. 60690 At a meeting in late September, the incorpora- tors of the Institute for Certification of Computer Professionals. Chicago, Ill., adopted bylaws for the newly-formed organization and named a board of directors which, in turn, held its first meeting and elected officers. The ICCP is the outgrowth of over Imo years of intensive preparation and study by rep- resentatives of major computing societies. Its pri- mary focus is the enhancement of certification ac- tivities in the computing industry. It was incor- porated August 13, 1973. Elected as officers by the board of directors were: President -- John K. Swearingen. Computer Sci- ences Corp., Las Vegas, Nev., representing Data Processing Management Association (DPMA). Vice President -- Fred H. Harris, University of Chicago, Association for Computing Machinery. Treasurer -- William S. Eick, Alexander Grant & Co., Chicago, Association of Computer Pro- grammers and Analysts. Secretary -- Paul M.Pair, Control Data Institute, Chicago, Association for Educational Data Systems. Ten professional societies participated in the organization of ICCP and are eligible for charter membership. Of these, seven have exercised their right to such membership, and are entitled to two members on the ICCP board. The seven charter mem- bers are: Association of Computer Programmers and Analysts; Society of Certified Data Processors; As- sociation for Computing Machinery; Association for Educational Data Systems; Society of Professional Data Processors; Data Processing Management Associ- ation; and Automation 1 Association. The other three associations eligible for charter membership are: Canadian Information Processing So- ciety, the Computer Society of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the Society of Data Educators. They are expected to act before the end of 1973. (please turn to page 47) 13-00000 NEW CONTRACTS 10 Sanders Associates, Inc., Nashua, N.H. ITT Creed Limited, Great Britain Univac Div., Sperry Rand Corp.. Blue Bell, Pa. FROM CAE EleCtronics, Montreal, Canada British Post Office Auto Tell Services, Inc., Villanova, Pa. FOR Display system segment of Canadian Joint En- route Terminal System (JETS) Program; first phase consists of seven Enroute and two Terminal Systems for air traffic control 6000 machines -- teleprinters and associ- ated equipment -- to be used mainly for Telex customer-to-customer teleprinter system 11001UnivacDCT-515 DataCommunicationsTer- minals to be used byautomobile dealers who subscribe to ATS serviceson-linecomputer- ized services AMOUNT 18.6 million $11 million $7 million Computer Sciences Corp., El Segundo, Calif. HoMmell, Inc., Welletley Hills, Mass. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) State of Arizona. Phoenix, Ariz. Computer services support to Simulator Com- puter System Branch at AmesResearch Center, Mountain View, Calif. A Honeywell Multics (Multiplexed Informa- tion and Computing Service) system, for use by 13 state agencies $6.7 million $5+ million Computer Sciences Corp.. El Segundo, Calif. Philco-Ford Corp. Willow Grove, Pa. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) U.S. Army Electronics Command, Fort Monmouth, N.J. Engineering and related services to NASA's Wallops Station, Wallops Island. Va. Improving computerized communications net- work, identified as '73AEP for AUTODIN En- hancement Program, at 10 overseas AUTODIN sites, Ft. Monmouth, N.J., and Fort Det- rick, Md. $5 million (approximate) $4.6 million Raytheon Data Systems, Norwood, Mass. Eastern Air Lines, Miami. Fla. Data display terminals and associated egu.ip- ment as part of expansion of EAL' s Automated Passenger Processing and Reservation System $2+ million National Cash Register Co.. Dayton, Ohio Publix Super Markets, Inc., Lakeland, Fla. 30 NCR 255 supermarket checkout systems in- volving a total of 357 NCR 255 terminals and 30 NCR 726 in-store minicomputers plus 120 NCR 250 free-standing electronic cash registers $2 million (approximate) Computer Sciences Corp., El Segundo. Calif. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Analysis and programming services to Lang- $1.2 million Icy Research Center, Hampton, Va. Interdata, Inc., Oceanport, N.J. DATRAN (Data Transmission Co.), Vienna, Va. Dual processor Model 55 data communications concentrators, with software and technical support, for an information network DATRAN is designed and installing on a turnkey basis for International Brotherhood of Teamsters $1+ million McDonnell Douglas Automation Co. (MCAUTO). St. Louis, Mo. Buffums' Southern California Computer processing of all company data; includes accounts payable, receivables, sales analyses, payroll, inventory con- trol and statistics $725,000. (approximate) Informatics Inc.. Western Div., Canoga Park, Calif. Logicon, Inc., Torrance, Calif. TRW Inc., Redondo Beach, Calif. Systems Engineering Labora- tories, Inc., Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. Boeing Commercial Airplane Co.. Renton, Wash. Atlantic Research Corp., Alexandria, Va. Bunker Ramo Corp., Trumbull, Comm. Collins Radio Co.. Dallas, Texas Diablo Systems, Inc., Subsidiary of Xerox Corp. Hayward, Calif. MRI Systems Corp., Austin, Texas Illinois Bell Telephone Co.. Chicago, Ill. U.S. Air Force Los Angeles County Road Department (LACRD), Calif. Singer Simulation Products, Div. of Singer Co. Manufacturing Technology Div., A.F. Materials Labs.. Wright Patterson AFB, Ohio Arkansas State Educational Television Commission Reliance Federal Sayings 6 Loan Asso. of New York, Jamaica, N.Y. U.S. Air Force Wang Laboratories, Tewks- bury, Mass. U.S. Dept. of Agriculture. Washington. D.C. and New Design and applications programming sup- port for a new payroll/personnel system Verifyingandvalidating (VGV)criticalmis- sile flight safety (MFS) software used on westerntestrange of SpaceandMissile Test Center (SAMTEC), Vandenberg AFB, Calif. Designing Integrated Information Manage- ment (IIMS); 10 subsystems cover account- ing; billing; budgets; management of con- tracts, and projects, inventory control, production and performance, and road in- ventory information Central control and simulation element of a Nuclear Plant Simulator for Carolina Power & Light Co., Raleigh, N.C. Developing Air Force Computer Aided Manu- facturing (AFCAM) master plan Engineering studies and detailed plans for four new ETC (Educational Television) sta- tions,and an interconnectimimicrmaye network 31 BR 2001 Universal Teller Terminals for equipping teller stations in all nine Reli- ance offices; terminals will be tied by highspeed communications circuits to a Univac 9480 computer Continuing development of systems and equip- ment for the U.S. Air Force Satellite Com- munication System IAFSATCOM);eventual pro- duction awards, depending uponAir Force re- quirements, could totalmore than $125million Series 40 disk drives to be incorporated into Wang's new line of mini computer systems Leese of SYSTEM 2000 for Farmmanagement ap- plications; at least nine SYSTEM 2000 data $500,000+ $365.000 $365.000 $330.000 $251,000 $37,000 � 13-00000 NEW INSTALLATIONS OF Burroughs B 4700 system AT Computer Management Group (CMG) . Ltd., North-west London, England FOR The first of two 84700 systems (which are included in a five-system order) to be installed at CMG's North-west London. England center (entire 5 computer system order valued at $4.3 million) Walter E. Heller & Co., Chicago, (2 systems) Providing internal processing speed to keep pace with continued growth of data processing operations: systemwillallow expansionwithoutreprogramming or recompiling: replaces two Burroughs B3500 systems Control Data CYBER 70 Model 74 Century Research Center Corp. system (CRC). Tokyo, Japan Aro"' Cotitti:p1 Data CYBER 70 Model 76 system Atmospheric Environment Service of Canada, Montreal, Canada Increasing CRC's processing capabilities to include remote batch data processing services via high speed communication line control devices, and offer a wide range of services to various types of users: system will be connected to a previously installed CDC 6600 computer (system valued at $3 million) Upgrading weather forecasting facilities throughout the country: system installed at Canadian Meteoro- logical Center in Montreal. Canada (system valued at $6.3 million) Control Data 3150 system Ingalls Iron Works Co.. Birming- ham. Ala. Expanding automated design activities: system will operate in conjunction with a previously installed CDC 3150 to support CONSTRUCTS. an automated en- gineering design software 'package IBM System/370 Model 155 system Educational Information Services (EIS), Princeton University, Princeton, N.J. IBM System/370 Model 168 system Datacrown Limited. Willowdale, Ontario. Canada Linking with university's IBM System/360 Mooel 91 to significantly expand a variety of data proces- sing services The first of two systems that will more than double current batch processing capacity and increase its capability to provide for transaction-oriented ter- minals: replaces Model 165 currently in use (systems valued at $12 million) Interdata Model 70 systems U.S. Army Electronics Command, Fort Monmouth, N.J. (2 systems) Use in experiments involving automated tactical surveillance and target acquisition NCR Century 101 system Radyne Limited, Great Britafn NCR Century 200 system Green Shield Trading Stamp Com- pany of Edgware. Colindale, England NCR Century 251 system Columbia EDP Centers. Inc.. Columbia, Mo. Univac 1106 system British Gas Corp.. Hinckley, England University of Connecticut Medical Center, Farmington, Conn. Univac 1110 system Pacific International Computing Corp.. Gaithersburg, Md. Univac 9480 system An advanced inventory management and control system (system valued at $6.3 million) Expansion of automated stock control system for its gift houses and new Argos chain of catalog showrooms General data processing services to a variety of customers including several banks Assistance in controlling National Grid pipeline by performing forward simulations on a real-time. round-the-clock-basis: in addition, system will act as a service bureau to scientific and engineering departments within the Corporation All aspects of Medical Center's work including pa- tient admissions, monitoring patient care, schedul- ing outpatient appointments, support of library in- formation and research statistical programs, and general accounting and payroll processing chores (system valued at $1.3 million) The first of two systems whose primary applications include project management, engineering and busi- ness data processing: the system will also include time-sharing capability as well as remote job entry from terminals in the field Reliance Federal Savings & Loan Faster customer service at any bank branch Asso. of New York, Jamaica, N.Y. Across the Editor's Desk � Continued from page 45 IFIP CONGRESS '74 TRAVEL GRANTS P. E. Welch US Committee for IFIP Congress 74 Box 426 New Canaan, Conn. 06840 The National Science Foundation.will support a travel grant program for attendance at IFIP Congress 74 to be held August 5-10. 1974, in Stockholm. The triennial IFIP (International Federation for Infor- mation Processing) Congresses have become the major international media for exchange of information among developers and users of information processing techniques and technology. The Division of Mathematical Sciences of the Na- tional Research Council will administer the program and award grants to qualified people from the United States whose accomplishments in and potential con- tributions to the field of information processing are most noteworthy, regardless of the formal labels for their specialties. Younger members of the information science com- munity are urged to apply. William F. Atchison of the University of Maryland, Financial gupport Chair- man of the U.S. Committee for IFIP, said that spe- cial efforts will be made to support theirattendance. Applications may be obtained through the Math Di- vision, National Research Council, Washington. D.C. 20418. Applications must be received on or before December 31, 1973. 13-00000 MONTHLY COMPUTER CENSUS Neil Macdonald Survey Editor COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION The following is a summary made by COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION of re- ports and estimates of the number of general purpose digital computers manufactured and installed, or to be manufactured and on order. These figures are mailed to individual computer manufacturers quarterly for their information and review, and for any updating or comments they may care to provide. Please note the variation in dates and relia- bility of the information. A few manufacturers refuse to give out, confirm, or comment on any figures. Part 1 of the Monthly Computer Census contains reports for United States manufacturers, A to H, and is published in January, April, July, and October. Part 2 contains reports for United States manufacturers. I to 2, and is published in February, May, August, and November. Part 3 contains reports for manufacturers outside of the United States and is published in March, June, September, and December. air�ocansus seeks to include all digital computers manufactured any- ehenaff.We invite all manufacturers located anywhere to submit infor. that iiould help make these figures as accurate and complete as possible. The following abbreviations apply: (A) -- authoritative figures, derived essentially from information sent by the manufacturer directly to COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION C figure is combined in a total (D) -- acknowledgment is given to DP Focus, Marlboro, Mass., for their help in estimating many of these figures E -- figure estimated by COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION (N) -- manufacturer refuses to give any figures on number of in- stallations or of orders, and refuses to comment in any way on those numbers stated here � (R) -- figures derived all or in part from information released indirectly by the manufacturer, or from reports by other sources likely to be informed (S) sale only, and sale (not rental) price is stated X -- no longer in production -- information not obtained at press time and/or not released by manufacturer SUMMARY AS OF OCTOBER 15, 1973 NAME OF MANUFACTURER NAME OF COMPUTER DATE OF FIRST INSTALLATION AVERAGE OR RANGE OF MDNTHLY RENTAL $(000) NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS In Outside In U.S.A. U.S.A. World NUMBER OF UNFILLED ORDERS Part 2. United States Manufacturers -Z IBM 305 12/57 3.6 40 15 55 White Plains, N.Y. 650 10/67 48 so 18 68 (N) (D) (Oct. 1973) 1130 2/66 1.5 2580 1227 3807 1401 9/60 5.4 2210 1836 4046 1401-G 5/64 2.3 420 450 870 1401-H 6/67 1.3 180 140 320 1410 11/61 17.0 156 114 272 1440 4/63 4.1 1690 1174 2864 1460 10/63 10.0 194 63 257 1620 I. II 9/60 4.1 285 186 471 1600 1/66 5.1 416 148 564 7010 10/63 26.0 67 17 84 7 7030 5/61 160.0 4 1 5 .704 12/55 32.0 12 1 13 7040 6/63 25.0 35 27 62 7044 6/63 36.5 28 13. 41 705 11/55 38.0 18 3 21 7020, 2 3/60 27.0 10 3 13 7074 3/60 35.0 44 26 70 7080 8/61 60.0 13 2 15 . - 7090 11/59 63.5 4 2 6 7094-I 9/62 75.0 10 4 .14 7094-11 4/64 63.0 6 4 10 System/3 Model 6 3/71 1.0 s - System/3 Model 10 1/70 1.1 5 System/3 Model 15 - - - System/7 11/71 0.35 and up 15 - - 360/20 12/65 2.7 7161 6075 13236 1780 360/25 1/68 5.1 1112 759 1871 1287 360/30 5/65 10.3 5487 2535 8022 360/40 4/65 19.3 2454 3978 1363 360/44 7/66 11.8 109 .1524 57 166 39 360/50 8/65 29.1 1135 445 1580 662 360/65 11/65 57.2 604 144 748 562 360/67 10/65 133.8 65 6 71 99 360/75 2/66 66.9 50 17 67 12 360/85 12/69 150.3 11 1 12 55 360/90 11/67, 5 - - 360/91 1 - - 360/190 13 2 15 360/195 4/71 232.0 - - 9 48 370/115 - - 370/125 4/73 8.2-13.8 1 370/135 5/72 14.4 13 370/145 9/71 23.3 2 - 370/155 2/71 48.0 2 - 370/158 -/73 49.5-85.0 1 _ , 370/165 5/71 98.7 3 - - 370/168 -/73 93.0-170.0 1 3 - 370/195 6/73 190.0-270.0 - - Interdata .Model 1 12/70 3.7 244 75 319 Oceamport, N.J. Model 3 5/67 13.1 - - 200 (A) (Oct. 1973) Model 4 8/68 8.5 274 115 389 32 Nadel S � 11/70 70 20 4,90 Model 7/16 -/74 - - - Model 7/32 -/74 - . - - Model 15 1/69 20.0 iso 24 64 Model 16 5/71 1 6 7 Model 18 6/71 X 2 7 - 9 X Model 50/55 5/72 75 10 85 115 Model 70 10/71 466 116 582 107 Model 74 2/73 41 s 49 126 Model 80 10/72 15 3 18 zo Model 85 6/73 1 - . - 13-00000 . MAMBO? MANUFACTURER NAME OF COMPUTER DATE OF AVERAGE OR RANGE FIRST OF MONTHLY RENTAL INSTALLATION 6(000) NUMBER OF INSTALLATIONS In Outside In U.S.A. U.S.A. World NUMBER OF UNFILLED ORDERS Microdata Corp. Irvine, Calif. (A) (Sept. 1973) NCR Dayton, Ohio (N) (R) (Oct. 1973) Philco Willow Grove, Pa. (N) (Jan. 1969) Raytheon Data Systems Co. Norwood, Mass. (A) (July 1973) Standird Computer Corp. Los Angeles, Calif. (A) (June 1972) Systems Engineering Laboratories Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. (A) (Sept. 1973) Tessa Instruments Inc. Houston, Tex. (A) (June 1973) Micro 400/10 Micro 800 Micro 1600 304 310 315 315 RMC 390 500 251 Century 50 Century 100 Century 101 Century 200 Century 300 1000 200-210,211 2000-212 250 440 ,520 fos 704 706 IC 4000 IC 6000-6000/E IC 7000 IC-9000 SYSTEMS 8104/8108 SYSTEMS 71/72 SYSTEMS 85/86 960 960A 980 980A 12/70 12/68 12/71 1/60 5/61 5/62 9/65 3/61 1D/65 2/71 9/68 12/72 6/69 2/72 6/63 10/58 1/63 12/60 3/64 10/65 10/67 3/70 5/69 12/68 5/67 8/70 5/71 6-66/9-68 8-72/9-71 7-72/6-70 6/70 11/71 5/68 8/72 0.1-0.5 0.2-3.0 0.2-3.0 X X 7.0 9.0 0.7 1.0 1.6 2.6 3.7 7.0 21.0 X X X X X X 12.5 7.2 19.0 9.0 16.0 17.0 400.0 1.8/2.6 0.9/1.0 6.0/10.0 X 0.2-2.7 0.3-2.7 139 2927 914 5 255 55 160 1100 1 580 1175 50 573 16 16 12 115 20 26 (S) 179 (S) 300 (S) 75 9 3 4 (S) 1 382 19 47 0 810 95 2 0 200 35 325 1750 0 783 335 5 20 3 10 1 3 139 3737 1009 7 455 90 485 2850 580 1958 51 910 10 135 27 212 400 92 9 3 4 1 412 24 50 X 0 40 1 2 1 UNIVAC Div. of Sperry Rand Blue Bell, Pa. (A) (Aug. 1973) UNIVAC - Series 70 Blue Bell, Pa. CA) (Feb. 1973) Varian Data Machines Newport Beach, Calif. (A) (Mar. 1973) Xerox Data Systems El Segundo, Calif. (N) (R) (Oct. 1973) 9200 9300/9380 9400/9480 9700 418 III 494 1106 1108 1110 I 6 II Pile Computers LARC 6/67 9/67 5/69 6/63 9/6- 5 3/51 6 11/57 8/56 5/60 1107, UIII, 490/1/2, 41811, 1004/5, 1050, SS80/90 301 501 601 3301 Spectra 70/15, 25 Spectra 70/35 Spectra 70/45 Spectra 70/46 Spectra 70/55 Spectra 70/60 Spectra 70/61 70/2' 70/3 70/6 70/7 EMB 6020 EHR 6040 EHR 6050 EMR 6070 EMR 6130 EMR 6135 EMR 6145 EMR 6140 2/- 61 6/59 11/62 7/64 9/65 1/67 11/65 11/68 11/66 11/70 4/70 5/71 9/71 9/71 12/71 4/65 7/65 2/66 10/66 8/67 1.5 3.4 7.0 11.0 68.0 X 135.0 X 7.0 14.0-18.0 14.0-35.0 17.0-35.0 4.3 9.2 22.5 33.5 34.0 32.0 42.0 16.0 25.0 25.0 35.0 5.4 6.6 9.0 15.0 5.0 2.6 7.2 1360 795 212 3 40 62 61 163 ss. 23 13 2 2063 143 17 0 74 18 95 265 30 30 18 7 63 7 24 7 15 6 15 7 34 36 616 675 228 77 46 143 92 17 0 1442 1 2 a 13 5 1976 1470 440 14 117 108 204 255 28 2 3505 16 6 17 15 47 41 620 620i 1420i 520/DC, 5201 620/f 620/L, 620/L-00C 620/f-100 620/L-100 Varian 73 XDS -92 XS -910 XDS -920 XDS -938 S-940 S-9 300 S-530 Sigma 2 Sigma 3 Sigma 5 Sigma 6 Sigma 7 Sigma 8 Sigma 9 11/65 6/67 4/69 12/69;10/68 11/70 4/719/72 6/72 5/72 11/72 4/65 8/62 9/62 6/64 4/66 11/64 P/73 12/66 12/69 8/67 6/70 12/66 2/72 X 1.5 2.0 2.9 3.4 14.0 8.5 7.6 1.8 2.0 6.0 12.0 12.0 35.0 43 170 120 159 33 . 25-30 ' 163 21 32 3 31 3 7 4 10 12 14 3 4 36 1 14 7 75 1300 80 500 207 740 100 200 40 47 180 132 173 36 29-34 199 22 46 38 0 0 0 0 0 4 8 0 150 X 101 43 235 39 13-00000 CALENDAR OF COMING EVENTS Nov. 28-30, 1973: 1st Annual Systems Engineering Conference, Stetler-Hilton Hotel, New York, N.Y. / contact: Technical Ser- vices, AIIE, 25 Technology Park/Atlanta, Norcross, GA 30071 Dec. 4-5, 1973: 1973 Vehicular Technology Conference, Sheraton- Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio / contact: Robert Wylie, Motorola Communications, Inc., 12955 Snow Rd., Cleveland, OH 44130 Dec. 68, 1973: National Symposium on Computer Applications in the Juvenile Justice System, Marriott Motor Hotel, Atlanta, Ga. / contact: Lawrence A. Boxerman, Project Dir., National Council of Juvenile Court Judges, Univ. of Nevada, Box 8000, Reno, NV 89507 Dec. 941, 1973: Computer Architecture, Flagler Inn & Reitz Union, Gainesville, Fla. / contact: G. Jack Lipovski, 229 Larsen eseltall, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32601 Jan. 16-18, 1974: 3rd Annual All E-MHI Seminar, Marriott Motor Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa. / contact: Technical Services, AIIE, 25 Technology Park/Atlanta, Norcross, GA 30071 Jan. 16-19, 1974: Internepcon/Japan '74, Harumi Convention Center, Tokyo, Japan / contact: Industrial & Scientific Conf. Mgmt., Inc., 222 W. Adams St., Chicago, IL 60606 Feb. 12-14, 1974: Computer Science Conference, Detroit Hilton, Detroit, Mich. / contact: Seymour J. Wolfson, Computer Science Section, Wayne State Univ., Detroit, MI 48202 Feb. 13-15, 1974: International Solid State Circuits Conference, Univ. of Penna., Marriott Hotel, Philadelphia, Pa. / contact: Vir- gil Johannes, Bell Labs., Room 3E331, Holmdel, NJ 07733 Feb. 1622, 1974: 3rd Annual National Communications Week Convention, Chase-Park Plaza Hotel, St. Louis, Mo. / contact: David C. Brotemarkle, Communications Systems Management Assoc., 1102 West St., Suite 1003, Wilmington, DE 19801 Feb. 2628, 1974: Computer Conference (COMPCON), Jack Tar Hotel, San Francisco, Calif. / contact: Jack Kuehler, IBM Corp., P 35, Bldg. 025, Monterey & Cottle Ads., San Jose, CA 95114 Mar. 25-29, 1974: IEEE International Convention (INTERCOM, Coliseum & Statler Hilton Hotel, New York, N.Y. / contact: J. H. Schumacher, IEEE, 345 E. 47th St., New York, NY 10017 April 3, 1974: Minicomputers - Trends and Applications, Nat'l Bureau of Standards, Gaithersburg, Md. / contact: Harry Hay- man, 738 Whitaker Ter., Silver Spring, MD 20901 April 8-11, 1974: Computer Aided Design, Intl Conference & Ex- hibition, Univ. of Southampton, Southampton, England / con- tact: Inst. of Civil Engrs., Great George St., Westminster, Lon- don SW1, England April 9-11, 1974: Optical Computing Symposium, Zurich, Switzer- land / contact: Samuel Horvitz, Box 274, Waterford, CT 06385 April 21-24, 1974: International Circuits & Systems Symposium, Sir Francis Drake Hotel, San Francisco, Calif. / contact: L. 0. Chita, Dept. of EE, Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, CA 94720 April 21-24, 1974: 1974 Annual Assoc. for Systems Management Conf., Dallas Convention Center, Dallas, Tex. / contact: R. B. McCaffrey, ASM, 24587 Bagley Rd., Cleveland, OH 44138 May 5-8, 1974: Offshore Technology Conference, Astrohall, Hous- ton, Tex. / contact: Offshore Tech. Conf., 6200 N. Central Ex- pressway, Dallas, TX 75206 May 6-10, 1974: 1974 National Computer Conference & Exposi- tion, McCormick Place, Chicago, Ill. / contact: Dr. Stephen S. Yau, Computer Sciences Dept., Northwestern University, Evans- ton. IL 60201 May 13-17, 1974: European Computing Congress (EUROCOMP), Brunel Univ., Uxbridge, Middlesex, England / contact: Online, Brunel Univ., Uxbridge, Middlesex, England May 13-17, 1974: International Instruments, Electronic and Auto- mation Exhibition, Olympia, London, England / contact: Indus- trial Exhibitions Ltd., Commonwealth House, New Oxford St., London, WC1A 1PB, England June 24-26, 1974: Design Automation Workshop, Brown Palace Hotel, Denver, Colo. / contact: ACM, 1133 Ave. of the Amer- icas, New York, NY 10036 June 25-28, 1974: 1974 Annual International Conference & Busi- ness Exposition, Minneapolis, Minn. / contact: Data Processing Management Assoc., 505 Busse Highway, Park Ridge, IL 60068 July 15-19, 1974: 1974 Conference on Frontiers in Education, City University, London, England / contact: Conf. Dept., Insti- tution of Electrical Engineers, Savoy Place, London, England WC2R OBL July 23-26, 1974: Circuit Theory & Design, I EE, London, England / contact: IEE, Savoy Pl., London WC2R OBL, England Aug. 5-10, 1974: IFIP Congress 74, St. Erik's Fairgrounds, Stock- holm, Sweden / contact: U.S. Committee for IF IP Congress 74, Box 426, New Canaan, CT 06840 Aug. 5-10, 1974: Medinfo 74, St. Erik's Fairgrounds, Stockholm, Sweden / contact: Frank E. Heart, Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., 50 Moulton St., Cambridge, MA 02138 Aug. 21-23, 1974: Engineering in the Ocean Environment Interna- tional Conf., Nova Scotian Hotel, Halifax, Nova Scotia / contact: 0. K. Gashus, EE Dept., Nova Scotia Tech. Coll., POB 100, Hali- fax, N.S., Canada ADVERTISING INDEX Following is the index of advertisements. Each item contains: product / name and address of the adver- tiser / name of the agency, if any / page number where the advertisement appears. COMPUTERS AND AUTOMATION I Computers and Auto- mation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, MA 02160 / page 52 ELECTRONIC RESEARCH CORP., 7618 Wedd, Overland Park, KS 66204 / ERC Advertising / page 45 INSTRUCTIONAL FACULTY OPENINGS / College of Petroleum & Minerals, do Saudi Arabian Educational Mission, 880 Third Ave.-17th Floor, New York, NY 10022 / Page 32 THE NOTEBOOK ON COMMON SENSE, ELEMENTARY AND ADVANCED I published by Computers and Auto- mation, 815 Washington St., Newtonville, MA 02160 / page 7 RIDE THE EAST WIND: Parables of Yesterday and Today, published by Quadrangle/Nei York Times Book Co. / Computers and Automation, 815 Washington St., New- tonville, MA 02160 / pages 24, 25 WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING / jointly published by Quadrangle/New York Times Book Co., and Berkeley Enterprises, Inc., 815 Washing- ton St., Newtonville, MA 02160 / page 51 13-00000 Who are they? What do they do? � Where do they do it? "WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING" EDITION 5.2 = 5th EDITION + 2 SUPPLEMENTS ALREADY ISSUED THE MOST ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING ARE PEOPLE Consult "Who's Who in Computers and Data Processing" has been changed to a periodic subscription basis as follows: I. The latest Cumulative Edition (the 5th edition published 1971, containing over 15,000 cap- sule biographies. over 1,000 pages long, 3 volumes, hardbound) PLUS 2. Three Updating Supplements per period totaling over 3,000 entries Both for $34.50 in any period when a cumulative edition is supplied ... and $15.00 per period when a cumulative edition is not supplied. BASED ON continual data gathering from computer pro- fessionals carried out by Computers and Automation This reference is particularly useful for: Personnel managers Libraries Conference planners Directors of computer installations Suppliers to the computer industry Executive search organizations Prospective authors Prospective speakers.... anyone who needs to keep up with the important people in the field. Each computer professional has a capsule biography detailing: last name; first name and rpiddle initial (if any); occupation; year of birth; university education and degrees; year entered the computer field; main interests; job title; organization and its address; pub- lications, honors and memberships; home address. 'WHO'S WHO IN COMPUTERS AND DATA PROCESSING" jointly published by Computers and Automation (Berkeley Enterprises, Inc.) and Quadrangle / New York Times Book Co. We are confident that you will find the subscription will repay you many times over.. 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Yes, you. It may come as a surprise that you'd be asked ... but as a reader of Computers & Automation you are in a unique position to help us. NAMES . .. people, institutions, companies who should be interested in 1) the computer industry and/or 2) seeking truth in information are very much needed to join you as readers of C&A. Will you tell us who they are? And perhaps even more, will you let us use your name in writing to them? But with or without your name (we'll only use it if you grant permission) we need to know those you think might be interested in also reading C&A. * * reprint from computers and automation Science and the Advanced Society, by C. P. Snow, Ministry of Technology, London, England (April 1966) The Information Revolution and the Bill of Rights, by Dr. Jerome B. Wiesner, M.I.T. (May 1971) Employment, Education, and the Industrial System, by Prof. John Kenneth Galbraith, Harvard Univ. (Aug. 1965) Computers and the Consumer, by Ralph Nader, Washington, D.C. 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Unlike the polygraph, it. needs no physical connection to the subject; therefore it can be used without his knowledge. It works from recordings of his voice, so anything on tape. sound track or phonograph record is fair game for the machine. It is the first lie detector that can be used on a dead man. Early this year, one of these instruments came into my hands. I resolved to use it to probe one of the darkest mysteries of recent history, the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. I set about collecting every recording I could lay my hands on of anyone who had any direct knowledge of the affair. Soon I had compiled the tape- recorded testimony of twenty-two persons�eyewitnesses, Dallas policemen, the pathologist who conducted the autopsy, members and staff of the Warren Commission, Jim Garrison, Clay Shaw, and even Earl Warren. I ran the tapes through the PSE systematically, taking each controversial point in turn. Did the rifle which belonged to Lee Harvey Oswald kill President Kennedy? Was Oswald the killer? Were others involved? What of those mysterious autopsy photo- graphs which the Warren Commission never saw�do they support the Commission's lone-gunman, single-bullet theory? And what about the Warren Commission itself? Did its members conspire to cover up the truth? Slowly a picture emerged. It is blurred, and it is not the picture I expected. Not all the details are there, but I guarantee this: you may believe the lone-gunman theory of the Warren Report, or you may believe the government-conspiracy theory of Mark Lane, Jim Garrison and others, but either way you are wrong. The PSE is not a crystal ball. It was invented as an interrogation aid, a function it performs well. To my knowledge, this was the first instance of its use as a tool for historical research. To understand what I did with the PSE, one should know some- thing about the device itself. I first heard of the Psychological Stress Evaluator last year, when I met two of its inventors, Alien D. Bell, Jr., and Charles R. McOuiston. Bell and McOuiston, both former lieutenant colonels, retired from Army Intelligence several years ago to form a company called Dektor Counterintelligence and Security, Inc. It was a logical second career for the two men. Both are experts in the technology of espionage. Either one could pick the lock on your front door in less time than it takes you to find your key. Colonel Bell wears a Black Belt in karate, is an accomplished swordsman and small-arms expert, and has a dozen inventions to his credit, from anti-bugging devices to a miniaturized microdot camera. Colonel McOuiston is one of the foremost polygraph experts in the U.S , a specialist in radio and audio surveillance, and a qualified locksmith. 13-00000 .The Pa grew from an &tort to imprnve polyprapn. Standerd poiygraphs eiseey feer �....leerolos pulse blood pres- re, reeeei.e�-on and perspitetion. Some to reeaseie adeitional physiologica' e :��� tee The more %.�ariables measure:. e.e eeloo:s Inc polygraph. Boil aild tv:s.reuietun discovered that the quencies composing the human voice ? not fixed, they shift very slightly from tit to fourteen times every second. But or. tile speaker is under stress, this nor- II frequency modulation disappears. lat rerraies are the pure component fre- encies of the veice. And a strong indica- n that the soeaker is tying. The two men cteveloped a devise to teat this pnencmenon and planned to use as an 3C1:!;Crla; -channel" on the pdly- aph. Tharp-re discovered that the new riabie Wa's. cc re,iaole and accurate a asure of psych.oecgicat stress there was lily no ne..sze to measure the other poly- aph variarees =reed from tee e:essity of strapping the bject inee a e-air. stretching a pneumo- iphic tube aceess his cnest, gluing elec- des to his cc e's and clamping his arm ti a blood-peasSe7e cuff. the PSE proved be much re.tee versatile than the poly- iph. Because a can work from a tele- one or tape ecorder. the PSE can be ed without tne knowledge or even the ysical presence of the subject. asked Colore: Bell to tell me about some the things me PSE was being used for. pecially cases in which a conventional lygraph couldn't be used. He mentioned it the police in Howard County, Maryland. we been using the PSE for two years; they we had great success in establishing the locence of suspects who were afraid to bmit to a polyp rapn examination because that machine's forbidding aspect. Bell went on to describe some of his rention's other uses, actual or potential. !ktor and the Federal government are ex- ring its use as a defense against skyjack- and telephoned bomb threats, and as 'mans of speeciing up customs inspec- ns. Some doctors and psychiatrists are ing PSEs to study patients' physice.! and :ntal stress. The National Committee to restigate Aerial Phenomena, a private )up that investigates UFO reports, is ev using the PSE to interview witnesses UFO sightings. asked Bell if he would lend me a PSE experiment with, in order to write a piece out the device. He agreed, with two con- ions. First, I must take Dektor's three-day Jrse in operating the instrument; second. em using the PSE, I must review my erpretation of its output with his staff, in interest of accuracy. This seemed ree- lable, so I agreed. 'he course was held in the meeting room a Holiday Inn in Falls Church, Virginia. e eight other students were employees customers who had purchased the rice. These included a private detective 7..�nev in Pennsylvania. a New York chain store, and the security service of an East African couetry. The instructor ...vas Mi'ee Kradz a crimirologist ane reiired police officer. erade projecte t '�e tough-cop image, 1:!...! .....s a living !er., eta! to :he Po- Hol joke. Teeee is notnire,; ,erensic. sc!ence. '.rorn fineerprints t.. o.:1:..j7eny. on which the iy:en is The first morning of tie COur5e was devoted to the physical cpeoieon of the PSE. Toe device is used in eerl'iurecticn with a Uher taoe recorder. �iyhicr has four speecte and can be manuallyewound back to locate particu!ar point on the tape. The testimony to be evaluated is recorded at a tape speed of 7t,2 inches per second. :herr ceayed back and stopped at the begirninc of the utter- ance in question. The recorder is stowed to 15 16 inches per second and payed. The sound. no longer recegnizab:a as a human voice, is a long, low rumble. The PSE itself is built into an attach�ase. The case opens to reveal a chart �rive, sim- ilar to an electrocardiograph. and a number of buttons and knobs. A single cable con- nects the PSE to the tape recorder. As the tape recorder reels slowly turn, and a rumble issues from its speaker. the PSE stylus dances back and forth across the moving chart paper, leaving benind a ragged trail. Then the recorder is stopped, the chart paper is stopped, and that's all there is to it. The result is a strip of paper with a squiggly line. The rest is up to the human eye and brain. On the afternoon of the first day, Kradz showed us what to look for. The unstressed voice looks like an untrimmed hedge, with stalks of different heights sticking up (and down) at irregular intervals. But add some stress, and that hedge begins to look trimmed. The greater the stress, the The more I read, the more I doubted the official account of what happened that day in Dallas smoother the shape. If the subject was e;\oe.riencing the hard stress which accom- panies deception, the over-all outline of the figure tends to take on a rectangular shape, a concertina as seen by the player. Kradz showed slide after slide of charts made dur- ing actual police interrogations. He told us the background of each case and pointed out the tell-tale signs of deception, when- ever they were present. -That night each student took a PSE back to his room to practice operating it. Some coordination must be learned to become facile in handling the recorder and the PSE, but clearly the difficult part of the course would be learning how to read and interpret the charts. Th npxt clav WR iparnpd thp thonni nf polygraph interrogation, which applies to the PSE There ite fireit of all, the rreOter of the "outside ;ssee." Most Peoeie. Kredz poioted out, have sorne sort Of ...esee Secret they den't vatet known. When raeed with a polygraph exerni- nation, a person may be more concerned that this outside ;ss.ye may come to light elan he is about the actual substance of the interrogatian. This can produce irrele- vant stress in some of nis env:era. and mis- teed tne examiner. Therefore it is is neces- sary for the examiner to interview the sub- ject before the examination, go over ai of the questions he intends to ask. and assure the subject he will ask only these questions I had reason to remember this later. eihen I ran my first real interrogation tape. The interrogation always includes the question. "Are you afraid that I wit, ask you about something we have not discusseo?- A negative answer with no sign of stress eliminates the outside-issue problem. Also, the examiner always asks some innocuous questions, such as, "Do you like the color blue?" in order to observe the subject's general state of tension. And there is always one "red-herring" question. The red herring is used to identify the "guilt complex responder." Such a person shows stress when he responds to any accusatory question. The examiner may ask, "Did you steal the watch?" when it is money, not a watch, that is missing. A stressed denial will alert the examiner, who carefully compares this response to the stress produced by questions about the missing money. That night the class was given tapes of real police interrogations. In most cases, Kradz was the examiner: and in every case, he knew the background and resolution of the matter. One case I was assigned con- cerned a young man accused of stealing 'money from his father's store. Kradz started by asking the "outside-issue" question. No, the young man replied, he was not afraid Kradz would ask him a question they hadn't discussed. Then the following exchange took piece: "Do you live in Howard County?" "Yes." "Do you suspect someone of having taken the money?" "No." "Are you wearing a white shirt?" "Yes." "Do you know who took the money?" "No." "Are you wearing a ring?" "Yes." "Did you take the money?" "No." There were a few red-herring questions to check for the guilt complex response. The questions about wearing a white shirt and a ring and living in Howard County had been included to measure the background stress elicited by irrelevant issues. I ran the tape and charted it on the PSE. All but two of his responses were un- stressed Th.' ntiPstinn ahpia 13-00000 D.took the money produced enough ss to indicate. deception. The other jstion Which produced stress was. "Are tearing e rinor In fact. his yes to that ; accqmpanied Cy such stress as I had in only once or twice in the class slides. he next morning Kradz calle.d on me. the suspect take the money, he asked. lid I didn't think so. Kradz nodded. Did suspect who took the money? Yes, I Light he did. Very good, said Kradz. Did }tic� anything else about the interroga- 1? Well, yes, there was this business )ut the ring. Perhaps the suspect had ien it. Kradz smiled. No. the kid hadn't en the ring, but he was gay. He had :hanged rings with another guy. Nobody thai the speaker had told the truth. However, since interrogation with a PSE seemed to require such an elaborate arid structured situation. I wondered if it could be used the way I had hoped, as a tool for historical research. During the lunch break I took Kradz aside and asked him. Could the PSE be used out- side interrogations, where the speaker was talliho what may nr may not have hap- pened? Yes, he said, the PSE could be used for that. Where there was no stress. I could be confident that the speaker was telling the truth. However, when I did find stress, I had to be very careful about reaching con- clusions about its cause; it could result from something other than deception. But if I P-r- wEeECJUN'D " - -- � -=. . ---.-.-.- . EINTELLIGENGE 3E.:::417Y AC. OF ANY KIND -- H.17 � - . .7._ . _ - - � - - -=== 7tf.--7.-f-�7-7.77--:..-=.747-4 � a; ;I; � �IIM.��������� C.A ; NO5OC9 �..f eta' COCR rExsrau.x.-E THAT THERE WAS ANY l'..� � :1." ! : i '�-:7 1:i��'E ..- . .. -.....-77.7.-".---===7-- .-..:='=17:----'- -. � ----' - . !ii.i..S':.:-....:ItiZ-J,':-."-t.'.-.L-=:--- ".:=1" � -7.= � -'--...E.-"-F'=::' :-.:1 . : - .. ...... -:..."._"7: ._:-..-.z."-:- -"":".---.--...:" --. :L. - --- - ---� - "'" .- ....: 7 7-177: ,.....,......'--....=.:.-..'=4--..---==..-..-.--..."Er4:-....S...2"-E7.47'7'.. 4-::.�� � : ,....: �-::::.�_._,-7=7;1-r=7.i.,77-= "L.-- ! --- 1 ./-...�," - .,f-,.....- .77. r.'jr="-...,...... ' ....:"7-L-1 r - --=1-:i.'" - � : 17:i ...,---,.---"' =In: F.F.--"r7.F..----.- SOM.. C.PLART Y.0 OS iw about it. The kid didn't really expect )e asked about it, because Kradz had le over all the questions with him. Still. m the ring was mentioned, he panicked. ly the third day of the course. I had begun )ive some thought to what I might do the PSE. I was particularly interested le fact that the device works from a tape ording. Sound-recording technology is lost a century old (Edison invented the )flograph in 1877), and an enormous aunt of history is stored on phonograph ords, sound tracks, and tace and wire ordings. I thought how many press con- vices, interviews and public pronounce- its are stored away in the film and tape hives of the world, and how many ques- is could be settled if we knew for certain p�.�...=.3...E.,,,.....�.___:,..,,.�...,_ ::,,,___.,..... ..:.�-.2r,��-- .,,-,..m..---,..-n.17.-._:.i.:,.:-a..-..a.:..-._:-. E-...,..-f.,...1!1,.,..........�.:.-�,- 1: - .-..1--............, ..a.l.iFr.Mi'fi 42-r=1. 2:91W4L--2XT: - :.7..i a� ,..4.-Er.:-.:.i.!.:-... .7..r.Fil.�--'=----;.--y,.4.4.7_,.1...7--: -----.:7 ----,T,-', ,- :C-T",-m.=-F.: I hoped that Jim Garrison would prove that he had solved the mystery. He didn't. Time passed, public interest waned, and the details of the controversy dimmed in my mind, leaving only a dull residue of doubt. I had despaired of ever learning the truth. Now I know what to do with the PSE. It was all there: the statements made before television cameras by eyewitnesses, policemen, medical examiners, members of the Warren Commission. Somewhere in a network-television vault were the sound tracks, with the tiny, inaudible variations in voice frequency that could settle once and for all the question. "Did Oswald, acting alone, shoot and kill John F. Kennedy?" My immediate problem was getting NO EVIDENCE tomes v =kcar Voice prints by the Psychological Stress Evaluator of former chief justice Earl Warren in May, 1972 indicating hard stress on the words "no evidence." C ONSPIRACY : : i I : I I ! I kcor COunitERNTELUUENCE. AND SECURITY found a stress pattern in the testimony of several witnesses to the same event, I would very probably have uncovered deception. Encouraged, I reviewed the list of recent mysteries. Watergate was, of course, the first to come to mind. The ITT affair was also of recent interest. The Kent State inci- dent had never been fully cleared up. But one subject seemed to loom above all the rest�the assassination of John F. Kennedy. Like many others, I have found it difficult to believe the Warren Report. When Mark Lane's book came out, I read it carefully. I read much of the other criticism of the Warren Commission's findings. The more I read, the more I doubted the official ac- count of what happened that day in Dallas. I waited for the real story to emerge. It didn't. access to the recordings. I was certain the television networks would have them, but I wasn't sure exactly what to ask for. There must be thousands of hours of sound recordings relating to the assassination. Where, among all this talk, was the critical testimony? I started digging and soon discovered the existence of a group called the National Committee to Investigate Assassinations, located in Washington, D.C. I called the number listed in the telephone directory and was soon speaking td Bob Smith. the Committee's Research Director. I told Smith that I was a writer and wanted to do a piece on the John F. Kennedy assassination. I asked him for an interview, and he agreed. We met in the offices of Bernard Fenster- 13-00000 Clir:,)rphi-FaChf:1M r, itiPiLuSk)e,JULAJUJ A(01 ILIN , L Id. a successful criminal lawyer and �ector of the Committee, in a modern cc building a few blocks from the White use. Feneteavald is a small. dapper man h a thin teard. Smith is a. lean. intense am n smcker. Eotn men appeared to be :heir fornse-a 'Before we Cegir..- I said. "I think I shoeld intion that ; esed to werk for the CIA." have run aercss it often, the theory that � CIA kine e. a-seeady. It seems absyrd me. and I : zeaevee it. I worked there three NA aeo never saw or heard any- suggesae e the. Agency was involved the asses:a-anon. I never met anyone re I thou: -: -=72'n of doing it. Stnl. ave learned a- roega bitter experience of suspicion waien attacnes to former in- ligence of''ee's Eaidemies of paranoia !d to accoreceey s tnrough life. I thought better get :aat 'ssae out of the way. Smith and Fe,nstervvald exchanged tnces and sm.iied. Fensterwald told me. it they did not -ecessarily believe the CIA sassin thecra an.: they certainly didn't nd talking to a former Agency employee. ielieved. I be to outline my project. sked if they had heard of the PSE. Both in were dimly aware of it. I described device and started to detail the way it uld be used as a research tool. They im- idiately understood what i was proposing d were trerneecously enthusiastic. Yes. :y said, there were many key statements � tape somewhere, and they would be glad compile specific references for me. rthermore, they could. in some cases, Wide me with the tape. They said they .uld be in contact when they had some- ng for me. Nhile I was waiting, I experimented with a PSE. ! telephcned a friend and told him out the device. I asked if he was willing play a little game to test it out, and he reed. He picked a number between one d ten. I asked aim. "Is the number one?" . the number two?" and so on. and he swered no each time. I recorded his ;ponses, ran them through the PSE and Iled him back. The number he picked, )Id him, was five. He was dumbfounded. He had not heard the PSE and had thought I might be con- cting some elaborate joke at his expense. it when I called back and correctly iden- ed the number he had picked, he realized tas serious. And he was shocked. I played the same game several times th others and did not always have similar ccess. With Bernard Fensterwald. I was Ile only to narrow the answer down to two mbers, one of which turned out to be cor- PENTHOUSE rect. With. others I have been completely unable to identify the right number The problem with this garile ,s that the player araaas ta.at it is just that. He knows that I krow he :yirig, it is a socially acceptable sin:aeon arc mere is nothing at stake. The stress wnich accompanies real deception is nct alweas present. antainel a tape reraoraine tram CBS News of a portion of e. Sixty Minutes proo ram in which Mike Wallace interviewed Clifford Irving. The interview took place during the height of the controversy. whiie Irving was still claiming to have gotten Howard Hughes life story through a series of inter- views with the billionaire. It was a consum- mate job of lying. embellishi...d with such ccnyincino details as Irvirg's aisagreement with his colleague Susskind about whether Hughes kept his croanic prunes in a paper or a plastic bag. Sixty Minutes re-ran the segment after Irving's confession because the man's sheer virtuosity as a prevaricator was amazing. I was interested in the inter- view for a different reason: at the height of the controversy. Irving had been given a poiygraph examination and had passed it. I wanted to see if the man who had beaten the conventional lie detector could also beat the PSE. I selected a point in the interview at which Mike Wallace suggested that Irving had not interviewed Howard Hughes, but had hap- pened on some transcripts of Hughes' state- ments. Irving asked how he could have hap- pened on them. Wallace rejoined. "Where did you happen on those transcripts?" Irv- ing replied, "I got the transcripts from Howard Hughes." I charted this statement on the PSE. It was a perfect example of total stress, horizontally blocked, with the smooth, "trimmed-hedge" wave form. Clifford Irving was a master liar, and he had beaten the polygraph, but he would have been caught by the PSE. A few days after our first meeting. I received a call from Bob Smith. He had turned up a few things for me. I visited him at the Committee's office in downtown Washington. He gave me a tape recording and a typewritten transcript. The recording was the Louis Lomax television program of Sunday, October 16, 1966. Wesley Liebler, a member of the Warren Commission's staff, was the guest. The transcript was of a CBS News television program entitled The War- ren Report, which had been broadcast in four one-hour segments on June 25, 26, 27 and 28. 1967. I examined the transcript. The programs had been narrated by Walter Cronkite and other CBS newsmen. They reviewed every major point of controversy that had been laised by the critics of the Warren Report, interviewing eyewitnesses. Dallas police- men, medical examiners, ballistic special- ists and many others who had some inside knowledge of the assassination of John F. Kennedy. For what I had in mind, it was a gold mine. I telephoned CBS and learned that I could get a copy of the program's soundtrack if I would pay for the deb:eh-al charges. I told them to go ahead. Next I playen the Lomaa-Liebler tace. Apparaeany l'.'ark Lane had beee on .an e.ariier Lorna Program, and nea: Lieoler was on to rebut him. I dian't heed tne ?SE to snow that in:ewer was stressean. He seemed very agitated. and his breathieo audibly irdica led his ielisiula ..va, dien; y about the things Lane had sad. the dues- tons Lomax was asking him. and me reac- ticn of the stualo audience. Given aisi ernghia emotional state. he did not seem 3 very promising subject for the PSE. Noneteeless. I decided to give it a try. Charting a tape with the PSE is a long and tedious process, and it was impractical to chart the entire program. ! ran some of Liebler's statements which were not in dis- pute and discovered, as I had expected. a great deal of stress. He was pretty charged up. Most of the exchange between Liebler. Lomax and the audience was argumenta- tive and did not deal with specific factual points. I found two key statements by Lieb- ler, though, and I charted them. The first statement, in response to a ques- tion by Lomax, was, "I have no doubt about the conclusions of the [Warren] Report." Plenty of stress was evident, but not much more than in other statements. The second statement related to those Warren Commission documents which were not included in the Report�they were locked up in the National Archives. Lomax asked Liebler if there was anything In the documents which would alter Liebler's opinion. Taken literally, it was a strange question, since Liebler had seen the docu- ments and. if they would alter his opinion. they would already have done so. Lomax probably meant to ask if the documents would conflict with the conclusions of the Warren Report. Whatever Liebler thought the question meant, he answered quickly. "Oh. none. none at all." The PSE showed much more stress here than during any of Liebler's other statements. It was all pretty confused and fuzzy, and it didn't tell me more than I'd already known: Wesley Liebler was pretty upset when he appeared on the Louis Lomax prcgrarn. hoped that the CBS tapes would yield more enlightening results. I finally received a call from CBS's Washington office saying the tapes had arrived. I broke a few traffic laws gettiag there to pick up the tapes and .returning to my apartment. I had already selected the points I wanted,to check from the transcript of the program. I mounted the first tape on the recorder, ran it down to the first point of interest, and turned on the PSE. For the next three days and nights. I ran charts. When I finished, I had a splitting headache, my kitchen floOr was ankle deep in chart paper. but I had a much clearer idea of what did and did not happen that day in Dallas. . Before I describe my results. I feel that I must offer the reader a few comments and 13-00000 !1�:-:� ;s a v:ell-t.3.stablisho.d r as not b;.;,.."1:1 vaciitod �.:.-..,:; research. Even though be; eie machine believe e es. � this .ay. rree .project tne fee --se: to do so. it is seises.' ee.nonstrate ..sttn :he PSE a is teilina the :Len than to v.. he is lerse. Stress can be caused by ss eception: 0.it the ab- r.�:.! cf St7:13s is an extremely reliable cation af iri-tn'ulness. Of course, Me ence of etrs.ss CiCeS not prove that a rnt is tree. only that the speaker eves it tc be teae. . Aeho.:es I fossid a great C�11E1:)f stress assess.' -:e:en teeses. o :^stes:e ean I say l'e.at the dual �:.'3F. ,70'n: :his ost not oniy rotect rsesse f frcel.licat seits bet be-, se I am re.: recraay certain ary cee mdi- jal walle4F:e the trutn. � Nonethil.es�a stress in the testimony iany witnesses :he same event makes mathernatiea: ercoaciiity oven.enelming at least sa-e them were Iyirg. hese points o nct be better illus- :id than tne Jim Gar- n-Clay Shas. iarrison, it may cc recalled. was the New cans District Attorney who. in 1967, med to ha ;a salved the Kennedy asses- ition. He p-as sated an elaborate case .inst a toe: cssinessman. Clay Shaw, others. as -e -.cers of an assassination spiracy. In one of the hour-long pro- ms, CBS rviewed Garrison, Shaw, two other people involved in Garrison's gations. his interVew. Garrison was hostile and not make ma r'y firm, factual statements uld test with the PSE. However, he did , "There's no euestion about it [that he w how the assassination had been car- out] we know the key individuals gved . there is no question about the [the conspirators] were there [in Dealy za]." The PSE showed good to hard ss on each of these statements. I also a noncoetroeersial statement of Gar- n's as a ccrasa: "Oswald was not killed e [at the mv:ie theater where he was -sted]," and fend no stress. Garrison's ements about his case against Clay w stronely :ncecated deception ext I ran se statements by C:ay Shaw sling his in ess/ement in such a c.enspir- . and desa, r..? ever knowing or meeting Harvey Oswald. I also ran a control 9r-rent. Shaw turned out to be neaviiy ssed tree..e-jeout. his was not particularly. surprising. The 1 had been accused of conspiring to 'der tne President of the United States was being interviewed about it before vision .:;an....-r.ras. He would have to have n a pretty cool customer not to show of stress. even if he were telling the ,Plete trute inciing that both Garrison and Shaw wed stress was not an encouraging oeveloemen I. LII euurse, yule men (expo .ce !yinn. Gsrrisen might have found sorne ye:id evidence li1kin�Snaw to the assassi- nat.on ard then, in the tinT-honored tradi- tion of prosecutors. inverited the rest of his case But Si law's stress could easily be the result of his pwdicament. and Garrison's might also be the resell cf some cu7side issue. he situation was arnoiquous. I ran the testimony of Lee Odom. Odom. Dsl,:ts. bus:nesselan, was attempticg to explain the mysterious ceincicience cf the post office box numbers It seems that the Dallas post office box number 11906 appeared in the nctenaoks of both Clay Shaw and Lee Harvey Oswald. In his les- tirnenv. 00;;TI stated th& he could not accceet fc,r the recnber appearieg in Oswald's notebook. he knew now it got into. Shaw's. It was Odorn's box number. and he had given it to Snaw. whom he'd met by chance on a business trip to New Orleans. The PSE showed hard stress dur- ing his statement. No unrelated control statement was available tor me to run for comparison. This didn't really clear things up. There were several obvious alternative explana- tions for Odom's stress. For example, there Deception is not proved by stress, but given enough witnesses' testimony, the PSE is able to arrive at the truth had been a number of rather unsavory allegations in the press about Clay Shaw, unrelated to the Garrison charges. Odom may nave felt extremely uncomfortable about linking himself to this man in any way. The coincidence of the box numbers seemed very suspicious, but Bob Smith of the Committee had pointed out to me that both Shaw's and Oswald's notebooks were filled with numbers. so the chance of such a coincidence was not that remote. At this point I began tc wonder if the tele- vision camera was the -outside issue" in every case. Perhaps just being on television will so thoroughly rattle the average person that. lying or not, he is going to show stress on the PSE. I checked this out by recording and charting a number of people on tele- vision programs�public officials, men in the street. even witnesses to a particularly gruesome accident. There was occasional stress. but it never reached the high level I was finding in the assassination tapes. I also recalled something else which put my mind to rest on this point: the PSE had been used to analyze the statements of con- testarts on Inc television program is rss: The Tr al. and identified the real Mr. Se- and-so" dsitn an accuracy of better tram 9- percent. The problem obviously .vas rot the teievisien camera. Iran the testimony of Wiliam Gurvich on the PSE Garvi,-,h had been Garrison's chief aide in tee investigation of Ciay She:: until no resicred. cnarcend Garrison wan wrong- doing. He said. "The truth as I see it is that Mr. Snaw snoeld never have been arrested.' He was asi.,,ed if Garrison had known cf cer- tain illegal and unethical methods Gurvich hed alleged were being used by Garrison's staff He answered, -Yeah. of course he did. He ordered it There was no stress in Mr. Gurvich's statements. Thi.� PSE sho,...eci that he boricr,..ed wnat he was saying. Obviously I did not have enough tes- timony from a large enough number c,1 wit- nesses to create a detailed picture of Me Garrison-Shaw affair. but it seems probable that, at the very least. Garrison did rot have much of a case against Shaw (a view later held cy a New Orleans jury) and likely that Shaw was comoleteiy innocent of complic- ity in the assassination. The lesson of this episode is twofold. First. stress in any one person's testimony does not prove decep- tion. Second. given enough testimony by different witnesses, the PSE can arrive at the truth. The first person I ran on, the PSE who had any direct knowledge of the assassination was Oswald's widow, Marina. Unfortu- nately, only one of her statements was on the CBS tapes�that Oswald had owned a rifle. The PSE said she was telling the truth. The rifle had been one of the major points of controversy raised by critics of the War- ren Report. The debate centered on two points: whether the Mannlicher-Carcano alleged to have belonged to Oswald was the rifle found by the Dallas police in the Texas School Book Depository, and whether that particular gun could have been the mur- der weapon. On the tapes, Darrell C. Tomlinson, an employee of Parkland Hospital, testified that he had found a rifle bullet on a stretcher which he believed had carried Governor Connally. There was no stress in his state- ment. The PSE said he was telling the truth. Dr. Joseph D. Nicol. Superintendent of the Bureau of Criminal Investigation for the State of Illinois. ran ballistic tests on buliet fragments found in the presidential limou- sine. and on the intact bullet found by Tom- linson. Nicol testified that both the intact bullet and the bullet fragments had been fired by the Mannlicher-Carcano. He. too. was apparently telling the truth. Deputy Constable Seymour Weitzman of the Dallas police claimed that he found Oswald's Manniicher-Carcano on the Sixth ficor of the Texas School Book Depository. However, on the day of the assassination. he had told tile press that the rifie hera founo was a German Mauser. The following day he signed an affidavit to that effect. But on the CBS tapes he testified that he had been mistaken about that point, that it had realty 13-00000 :.en Oswald's rifle. The PSE showed con- deb :e Str.25:1 in his statements. 'Patrolman Gerald L. Hill testified that he und three spent bullet' hulls on the floor :neati', the 1/4indow from which the fatal lots allegedly were fired. The PSE showed ird stress in his statements. The rifle was one of the principal points ;eel by thc Warren Commission to 'lel, swald to the assassination. The PSE sub- antiated the testimony that Oswald owned rifle and that the evidence supplied to ballistics expert indicated this rifle was e murder weapon. However, the PSE did tt substantiate the controversial claims of atlas police regarding the discovery of is evidence. The hospital employee was apparently !ling the truth when he recounted finding e bullet on a stretcher at Parkland Ho'spi- t, but l'aage,, er;tics have charged that the Illet.haa-tvlee de:iberately planted there. Ifs is the fameJs ''single bullet" which the arren Ree.cr: says passed through the dies of bet'n. tee President and Governor .onrially, and teen lodged in Connally's rist. Several researchers have tried to peat this, firme., the same type of bullet to the wrist of a cadaver. The bullets never mained pertenty intact, as the one found t the stretcher; they became twisted lumps lead and cooper. The second link between Oswald and the 3sassinaticn is the charge that he killed fficer Tippet a Dallas policeman, while teing from ;he. scene of the first shooting. number of eyewitnesses have testified at they saw Oswald shoot Tiepin, and one them, Domingo Benavides. was inter- awed on the CBS tapes. He was asked there was any doubt in his mind that swald was the man he saw shoot Tippitt. replied. -No. sir, there was no doubt all." There was absolutely no stress in S statement. He was telling the truth. The killing of Officer Tippitt by Oswald As fueled the fires of controversy over the arren Report. Tiepin was far from his usual .at when he was shot. Some witnesses tve alleged that Tippitt and Oswald were ten together in Jack Ruby's nightclub. ley theorize that the three men were part an assassination conspiracy, and that ppitt had been sent to silence Oswald, it had been beaten to the draw. The Dallas police radio dispatcher, fficer Murray Jackson, was asked if he ought Tippitt knew Oswald. "No." he plied. don't think he knew Oswald." Did ickson know Oswald? "No," answered ickson, "I didn't either." The PSE showed levy stress in both statements. Perhaps the greatest source of con- wersy over the Warren Report is its claim at all the shots were fired by one gunman. tme eyewitnesses claim to have heard lots and seen gunsmoke in the area of low hillock ahead and to the right of the .esidential motorcade. This hillock has ,me to be known as "the grassy knoll." ne of these witnesses was a railroad orker named S.M. Holland, who observed the scene from an overpass near the knoll. The PSE confirmed that tie thought he had seen a puff of smoke on the knoll, but it could not support his claim that he had heard a shut from that direction. Another witness, Charles Brehm, was quoted by Mark Lane as having said that he had seen a portion of the President's skull flying hack over the left rear end of the limousine. Lane offered this as evidence of a shot from the grassy knoll. On the CBS tapes. Brehm stated heatedly that he had been quoted out of context, and emphatic- ally denied that any shots had come from the knoll. Despite his emotional state, there was almost no stress in this statement. Officer Jacks of the Dallas police, who was riding in the limousine of Vice- President Johnson. denied that any of the shots had come from the direction of the grassy knoll. The PSE turned up a fair de- gree of stress. Three witnesses, Mrs. Caroline Walther, Arnold Rowland and Howard Brennan, claimed to have seen gunmen in the win- dows of the Texas School Book Depository building. Mrs. Walther said she saw two men, one armed with a rifle, the second Chief Justice Warren: "We exWored both these theories and found no evidence that either group was involved" with a shorter gun. Rowland told the Warren Commission he had seen two men, one an elderly Negro, in the window Oswald is alleged to have fired from, but on the CBS tapes he claimed he had seen an armed man at a different window. The Commission relied heavily on the testimony of Brennan, who claimed to have seen a gunman in the "Oswald window" actually firing the last of the shots. The PSE showed hard stress in the testimony of all three witnesses. The PSE analysis of the eyewitnesses' testimony regarding the source of the snots is ambiguous. It Supports Holland's claim to have seen a puff of smoke on the knoll, and Brehm's denial that any shots came from that direction, and it raises serious doubts about all other claims and counter- claims. This contradiction seems to result from the notorious unreliability of eyewit- nesses, perhaps compounded by a fair amount of fabrication. Deception, if it is present here, may have been motivated merely by a desire for attention. Or there may have been darker reasons. There is, however, other evidence and testimony that could shed some light on the existence, number and location of assas- sins other than Oswald. This brings us to perhaps the most dubious and controversial element in the Warren Commission's ver- sion of the event�the autopsy. Within minutes after the shooting. Ken- nedy had been rushed to the emergency room at Parkland Hospital, where Dr. Mal- colm Perry tried to save his life. The physi- cian saw that the President had suffered a massive head wound and a smallen.vound in the throat. Perry performed a tracheos- tomy. cutting through the throat wound in an attempt to open a breathing passage. Afterward, when hope for the President had been abandoned, Perry met with the press and declared that the wound in the front of the neck had been an entry wound. The President's body was flown to Washington, D.C. There, approximately eight hours after the shooting, an autopsy was performed at Bethesda Navaf Hospital. Because of the tracheostomy, the nature of the -neck wound could no longer be ob- served and was, at first, overlooked. Later, after consulting the Dallas doctors, the Bethesda pathologists concluded that it was an exit wound. The autopsy report stated that there were two entry wounds, one low in the rear scalp and one at the right base of the neck; and two exit wounds. the .throat woued and a large irregular wound on the right side of the head. The confusion was compounded when two FBI agents present at the autopsy reported that a wound had been found in the President's back, and that no corre- sponding exit wound had been located. Diagrams made during the autopsy seemed to confirm this, showing the lower of the two entry wounds to be below the shoulders, not at the base of the neck. What became of the bullet? The agents reported that Bethesda doctors thought the bullet had dropped from the wound when the Dallas doctors attempted external heart massage. But this was the shot that the Commission claimed had passed through Kennedy and struck Governor Connally. X-rays and color photographs of the au- topsy were made. The brain was removed from the body. Brain and skin tissue slides were prepared for microscopic examina- tion. Remarkably, the Warren Commission never asked to see any of this evidence. relying instead solely on the testimony of Captain James J. Humes, one of the pathologists who conducted the autopsy. Even more incredible is the disappearance of the brain, the slides, and some of the photographs, which were alleged to have been turned over to the National Archives by the Bethesda Naval Hospital.. Both Dr. Perry and Captain Humes were interviewed on the CBS tapes. Perry was asked about the throat wound he'd seen when the President was brought to Parkland Hospital. His answer seemed evasive. He neither confirmed nor denied that he had thought it was an entry wound, talking in- stead about the difficulty of making .such a determination and the fact that his atten- tion had been devoted to saving the Presi- dent's life. Then the interviewer asked him directly whether.he had thought at the time that it was an entry wound. "Actually, I didn't really give it much thought," he replied. He 13-00000 7,.T ("PQ . . la ,...1,, al i11--� 'at l'a'a,s-al ,i 110 . i [j ii 'Li LI u g ..) ,s, r...T owed hard stress on the PSE. Unfortu- teiy.h.e mada o other definite s!atement out the aature of the wound. The intaav with Captain Humes was )re informative. Just before the interview, 1967. Harnes h7..d re-examined the autcn- photoorapas and X-rays, and he dia- ssa'j tham :oheth on the CBS tap.es. a a... a,a-ar-a-; t.� durino Lacpsy, said. had ao: teen.intended to precisely )resent the :.:;.a.atien of the woands. H64- ar. he gistr,....a. t-a....ced a sketch which. he d, did rent Mese locations accu- ely. The interae.ver asked. "Your re- smination of :he photographs verify that wounds we-an as shown here?" 'Yes, sir," Pe reclied. No stress. Mere there any wounds other than one the base cf. :ne neck and one up in the ill? "No, sir tnere were not." Moderate ass, not ercagn to suggest deception. Vas there ea/ doubt that the wound at back of the President's head was an ry wound? "There is absolutely no doubt. " Again stress but again moderate. Utogether. now many wounds were re? "There ....ere two wounds of entrance two of exit.' At this point the stress be- rm hard. knd where were the entry wounds to- ed? "Posteriorly. one low in the right ;tenor scalp. and one in the base of the :k on the right." Hard stress again. .:ould he be absolutely certain that what said was an entry wound was, in fact, t. "Yes, indeeo we can." Hard stress. be interview with Humes was one of the gest and most detailed on the CBS es. and I charted most of it with the PSE. ias clear to me that he believed much /hat he was saying. but the frequent flick- tigs of moderate stress and the occasion- lashes of hero stress sugoesteci that he 3n't nearly as confident of his testimony he claimed to be. As Dr. Perry had nted out, sometimes it's not easy to tell entry wound from an exit wound. he interviewer asked him one good "loot- . line" quest;cn: Do you have any different conclusion, � different ideas, any different thoughts after seeing [the autopsy photographs) :in, than you had at that time?" No." replied Captain Humes. "we think bear up very well, and very close!y. testimony before the Warren Commis- he stress was hard. rlen Specter. one of the Warren Commis- i's principal investigators. also spoke on �BS tapes. HE.-. said that the case against ia!d fitted together very well, and that torn could one find among actual crim- inal convicticne a case equally persuasive. Ho aocieci that there wr.a; no foundation for the charna that the Commission had been formed to whit.ewrish the taata. The. PSE said he was telling the truth. john Mc0,oy, a member of the Warren Commission, said much me same thing, and added that ha had seen no credible evideace to coailadiat.the filidiugs of the Commission. The PSE backed him up en this. bat it failed to do so ....hen, speakino Of the Warren Report. he said. "There was nothing fraudulent about it." Here the PSE showed hard stress. If Specter and McCoy were as confident as the PSE showa tern to be in the truthful- rass cf the Warr' Paacat. what could C.1 ataaat Perhaps the snipp:-7., aft of a few loose ends, the suppression of a few pieces of inconvenient evidence which conflicted with a version of events they believed to be essentially true. The one man who could be expected to have the most informed opinion regarding the work of the Warren Commission is former Chief Justice Earl Warren himself. He had declined to be interviewed on the CBS program in 1967, but he did appear on television in May, 1972, in an interview "...we found no evidence of any kind that there was any conspiracy." There was very hard stress on "no evidence" which was part of a series called The Bran- deis Television Recollections. .Bob Smith of the Committee provided me with the tape. The interview was an hour long, but the Kennedy assassination and the Warren Commission came up only once. The inter- Viewer, Abram Sachar, Chancellor of Bran- deis University, was friendly and deferen- tial. I charted some of Warren's remarks unrelated to the assassination and found that he was generally unstressed. Sachar raised the subject of the Commission obliquely, and Warren volunteered several rather lengthy statements about it Warren said that immediately after the as- sassination there were two theories, one that Khrushchev and Castro were behind the killing, the other that a greao of right-wino Texas oilmen were responsible. He said: "We explored both of those theories for ten months and found no evidence that either of them was involved in it." The PSE showed hard stress. He continued: " ... we found no evidence of any kind that there was any conspiracy." Again there was stress, and particulariy hard stress on the words "no evidence.'' "I have read everything." said Justice Warren, "that has come to my notice in the press. rind I read some ot the doce.iment-.> that have criticized the C07,,rn:...;3ion very severely. but I have never fauna that they have discovea-A any evidence of any kind that we didn't discover and use in determin- ing the case as we did." Hard stress once again. The word "never" was a perfectly "trimmed hedge." I have found nothino since that time." he continued. ''to change my view, nor have I hoard of anything that has changed the view of any member of the commission since that time." The stress was hard. As I had now come to expect, the word "nothing" seemeo a particularly beautiful exampie of stress. Another word seemed to show evea. mare stress: "'member." Coald he have been thinking of someone in oaqicuiar? Oa Janu- ary 19, 1970. Senator P.ichard B. Russell, a member of the Warren Commission, re- vealed that he had never believed that Lee Harvey Os..vald acted alone. I had charted the last of the assassination tapes. Of course, these few thousand feet of recording tape are only a small fraction" of the relevant testimony recorded and stored away in the archives of .television news departments. There is, for example. Lee Harvey Oswald. as he was led through the Dallas police station, denying that he had killed the President. There are state- ments by Marina Oswald, Jack Ruby and by others. I have no doubt that with these tapes, a Psychological Stress Evaluator. and time to work on them, a very detailed picture of the assassination of John F. Kennedy could be reconstructed, a picture that might even reveal. the identities of the assassins and their co-conspirators. I hope that sooner or later someone does this. I have gone as far as the private resources of a free-lance writer permit. What. given the sample of testimony I have processed with the PSE. can I say about the assassination? We should first examine the testimony in which no stress was found, since it is almost certain that these people were telling the truth as they saw it. This strongly suggests the following: 1. Oswald owned a rifle. 2. A bullet fired from that rifle was found on Governor Connally's stretcher at Park- land Hospital. 3. Bullet fragments alleged to have been found in the presidential limousine also came from OtwaldS rifle. 4. At least ooe eyewitness believes he saw gunsrnoke on the grassy knoll, but another is equally certain no shots came from that direction. 5. Oswald shot and killed Officer Tipoitt. 6. At least one member of the Warren Commission and one member of the Com- mission's staff really believe in the validity of the Warren Report. 7, Jim Garrison had little or no case against Clay Shaw. Almost all of this tends to support, in one way or another, the Warren Report. But nclav 13-00000 's lools.at the 'testimony that is called into tion by the PSE: The oleic) that Oswald's rifle was Ind irr tho Thxas School Book Depository. 2. The claim that bullet hulls matching -weld's rifle were found in the same place. 3. The claim that one gunman was seer, iii "pswaid window" of the Dallas Book pository. 4. The claim that two gunmen were seen this window. 5. The claim that a gunman was seen a different wincow of that building. 5. Another claim that no shots came from grassy knoll. and a claim by the witness o saw the gunsmoke on the knoll that also heard a shot from that direction. 7. A claim by a Dallas policeman that ither he nor Officer Tippitt knew Oswald. .3. The claim by the pathologist�the mien CiRircnission.s only source of infor- .tion about the autopsy�that the X-rays d autops,. p.r..stographs support his tes- iony before :7e Commission. 3. The claim by a member of the Warren mmission tha7 there was nothing fraudu- 1 about the '..';a7er. Report. 10. The cla'rn by Earl Warren that the mmission fo,und ro evidence of a con- racy: that none of the Warren Report's tics ever found anything the Commission missed; that �,--e had found nothing since publication of the Report to change his w; and that he knew of no Commission ,rnber. who had ever changed his mind aut their conclusions. If we accept that each instance of stress indicates deception, an interesting and unexpected possibility emerges: Oswald was involved in some way in the assassination, if only as a fall guy. Some of the Ddllas police force may have been in- volved. planted the evidence that impli- cated Oswald, and covered up the fact that there was a conspiracy. The medical exam- iner believed his own testimony to the War- ren Commission, but later had doubts. The Commission found evidence of a conspir- acy but didn't believe it. so they covered it up in order to present a tidy package to the public. Later, at least one member of the Commission changed his mind, but since he didn't know what really did hap- pen, he decided to say nothing. So there was conspiracy in Dallas, and in Washing- ton nothing worse than blundering. I could say all this with certainty if I knew that stress always equals deception. Unfor- tunately, I do not know that. But the PSE analysis of the assassination tapes has generated a staggering amount of fresh doubt regarding the Warren Report. This doubt rises not only from specific points the PSE has called into question, but from the very sinister implications of the very existence of deception among policemen, government officials and Commission members. The question remains: did such deception exist or was the stress found by the PSE the result, in every case, of an out- side issue? Obviously, whenever stress is found by the PSE and cannot be cross-checked by a structured interrogation, some probability must be accepted that this stress is caused by an outside issue. No study has vet been conducted to establish what this probability might be, but let us pick. for the sake of discussion, a figure that may seem ridicu- lously high-70 percent. In other words, we are assuming that 70 percent of the times the PSE finds stress in testimony, it results from something other than lying. Now, let's ignore the deception indicated in the testimony of the eyewitnesses: even if present, it might have resulted from mere desire for attention. That leaves eight "in- siders" who have demonstrated stress when making statements supporting the Warren Report: the Dallas policemen Hill, Jacks, Jackson and Weitzman; the medical exam- iner, Captain Humes: Commission staffer Wesley Liebler; Commission member John McCloy; former Chief Justice Earl Warren. Assuming that there is a 70 percent chance that any single instance of stress is "outside issue," what is the probability that all eight instances are due to factors other than deception? Elementary proba- bility theory tells us.that it is seven-tenths raised to the eighth power, or approximately 6 percent. . In other words, even making some fairly conservative assumptions, there is a 94 per- cent chance that at least one of these eight men is lying. My own personal opinion? I don't know. I remember the young man with the ring. He said he was wearing it, and he was. but he stressed. He stressed not because he was lying, but because there was some- thing about that ring that really bothered him, something he didn't want the world to know. Perhaps that is also true of these men who, in one way or another, learned some part of the truth about the assassination of John F. Kennedy. I suppose I'm not absolutely sure even of that. When I first met Bob Smith of the Committee I asked him if there was any one thing the government could do to clear up the mystery. Yes, he replied, the one thing that would help more than anything else would be to make available the physi- cal evidence � the detailed FBI lab re- ports, the X-rays and autopsy photographs. the microscopic slides, the bloodstained clothing, yes, even the President's brain, wherever it has been hidden. Thee things. he said, would go far toward answering the questions about what actually happened that day in Dallas. Maybe they would even confirm the Warren Report. So when I say I'm not absolutely certain these men are concealing something. I mean 1 can think of something that could conceivably change my mind. That is. if the government would open all its files on this matter to us and prove that we are wrong �we, the people who ten years later still believe we haven't yet heard the full account of the events of November 22. 1963. 04-1 13-00000 THE LAST THREE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS HAVE BEEN DECIDED BY BULLETS: COME SHARE THE FINDINGS OF THE NATION'S EXPERTS AT A TWO DAY CONFERENCE � SPONSORED BY THE COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS 1964 � result decided by the assassination of President John F. Kennedy TO BE HELD AT 1968 � result decided by the assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy 1972 � result decided by the near-assassination of Governor George Wallace WHAT is the evidence? WHO fire the fatal shots? WHY has there been such a concerted effort to withhold the facts? WHO was really behind the assassinations? GEORGETOWN UNIVERSITY GASTON HALL Nov. 23-24, 1973 COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS 1520 16th Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. � [phone] DECADE OF ASSASSINATIONS* 1963 - 1973 JOHN F. KENNEDY � SYLVANUS OLYMPIO � ABDUL KARIM KASSEM � MEDGAR EVERS � "NGO" DINH DIEM � JIGME DORJI � ADIB AL � SHISHAKLI � PIERRE NGENbANDUMWE � HASSAN ALI MANSOUR � MALCOLM X � VIOLA LIUZZO � MARIO MENDEZ MONTENEGRO � SIR ABUBAKAR BALEWA � J.T.V. IRONS! AGUIYI � HENDRIK VERWOERD � IRAN VAN VAN � GEORGE LINCOLN ROCKWELL � CUE GUEVARA � MARTIN LUTHER KING � ROBERT F. KENNEDY � EDUARDO MONDLANE � TOM MBOYA � A.A. SHERMARKE � GEORGE WALLACE � SAL VADORE ALLENDE � 13-00000 DLCADE OF ASSASSINATIONS 1963 � 1973 PROGRAM � FRIDAY�NOVEMBER 23 9:00 LATE REGISTRATION � Early Registrants pick up passes. 9:30 WELCOME: Mr. Bernard Fensterwald, Jr., Executive Director, Committee to Investigate Assassinations Mr. Norman Mailer, Author and Forwarder of The Fifth Estate 10:00 CURRENT STATUS OF PROMINENT ASSASSINATION CASES: JFK CASE � Mr. Robert P. Smith, Director of Research, Committee to Investigate Assassinations RFK CASE � Mr. Robert Hanson, Attorney, present counsel for Sirhan Sirhan KING CASE � Mr. James Lesar, Attorney, present counsel for James Earl Ray WALLACE CASE � Mr. Ronald Van Doren, Newsman, Author, researcher into the background of Arthur Bremer ROCKWELL CASE � Ms. Meredith Rode, Professor at Federal City College, Authority in killing of George Lincoln Rockwell 11:30 UNIQUE INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES: Mr. William Turner, Moderator � Former FBI Agent, Author of numerous books .on investigative techniques Mr. George O'Toole � Former CIA Agent, Freelance Writer, expert on the PSE.. (Psychological Stress Evaluator) Mr, Robert Saltzman � Computer Engineer, lecturer on the Warren Commission Report FRIDAY � Continued 12:30 BREAK FOR LUNCH 2:00 MEDICAL AND PHYSICAL EVIDENCE: Mr. Josiah Thompson, Moderator � Professor at Haverford College, author of Six Seconds in Dallas Dr. Cyril Wecht � Professor of Law -and Forensic Medicine at Duquesne University; Coroner of Pittsburgh, Pa. Ms. Sylvia Meagher � Attorney, UN Official, author of Accessories After The Fact .Mr. Roger Hanson � Attorney, counsel to Sirhan Sirhan Mr. Herbert MacDonnell � Professor of Criminalistics, Corning University; expert in case of Fred Hampton Mr. Mark Lane � Attorney, author of Rush To judgment and Executive Action 6:00 BREAK FOR DINNER 8:30 WARREN COMMISSION REPORT: FACT OR FICTION � A slide show and lecture by Mr. Robert Saltzman SATURDAY�NOVEMBER 24 9:30 ASSASSINATIONS AND THE MEDIA: Mr. John Henry Faulk, Moderator � Humorist and Author of Fear On Trial Mr. Robert Kaiser � Author of RFK Must Die Mr. Donald Freed � Co-Author of Executive Action Mr. Harold Weisberg � Author of Frame Up Mr. Ted Charach � Author of Second Gun Mr. Peter Noyes � Author of Legacy Of Doubt Mr. Fred Cook � Author of numerous books and articles 12:30 BREAK FOR LUNCH 2:00 THEORIES OF CONSPIRACY: Mr. Richard Sprague, Moderator Computer expert and author Dr. Richard Popkin, Professor at Washington University; author of The Second Oswald Col. Fletcher Prouty � Former Liaison Officer between Pentagon and CIA; author of The Secret Teams Mr. Robert K. Brown � Former Special Services Officer; expert in attempts on life of Castro Mr. Earl Golz � Reporter for Dallas Morning News; expert on Organized Crimes Mr. Victor Marchetti � Former CIA Agent; author Mr. Peter Dale Scott � Professor at Berkeley; Author of The War Conspiracy 5:00 INDIVIDUAL WORKSHOPS WITH THE SPEAKERS � Question and Answer Sessions 13-00000 � " AMERICAN POLITICAL A5�A5sINA7ION5: � A BIBLIOGRAPHY OF WORKS PUBLISHED ROBERT F. KENNEDY � THE COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS WASHINGTON, D. C. COMMITTEE TO INVESTIGATE ASSASSINATIONS 1973 13-00000 I. JOHN F. KENNEDY A. GENERAL "An-rratinns of Poureeoin Democracy; The Fight to Deny Rights." Current Digest of the Spy.. let Preen. 1 January 1964, p. 25. the Tirgedy." Tablet, 30 November 1963, pp. 141-1182. "t: in the As1aaninntion7 Nevnweek. 15 August 1966, pi. 30-33. relived; second installment of the death of a Preoident." Tine. 27 January 1967. p. SO. g', r, J. end J. Tdrmey. "Sore Functions of Religion: Ritual in Catastrophe: Kennedy Amiss- einatlen." Socioleginel Analysts. 25(1964), 212-230. A' "'7. Moninn. "That Day In VashingtOsTff LIALlypinen Herald Megozime., 25 January 1964, pp. 23-25. --.� "When Night Pell on the U.S." Philippine!! Ifereld Heppine, 7 December 1963, p. 12. S. "Jehneon Taken Over." Seturdne tventreOrrnt. 15 February 1964, pp. 17-23. "�--flesee Lye% Vigil." IV Ciade, 25 January 1964, pp. 19-22. "A. a child's yellow flowers:" rewnweeh, 2 Docee'.3er 1963, pp. 36-37. ".1,' then it vas November 22 egalli.lrlsewyweek, 30 November 1964, pp. 25-26. "..--:-ernary of an Ansnaeinstion." Preonetruetionint. 27 November 1964, p. 6. Aeteeinve, Brother. "Death hos Pounced: bacetpt-from Tenet: of Jenpordy." ,Dominicana. September 1S65. pp. 9-12. ".'r--:elynne end after." Olrfntlen Centery, 80(1963). 1487. d''pAlorta, L. "reflectiens stir tine Tregedie." Reletionn, January 1964, p. 27. A.r-e.lbano, Stephen A. "The Kennedy Asonasination."- Psychoanalytic Review, 53, no. 3(1966), 61-e0. Ar-..11, H.S. The he,th of s Preeldrnt. Pant:ale, N.J.: Minority of One, 1964. "0."-:-.siartion Given Impetus to Doid'a Gun Bill." 24vertiniagjigs,, 2 December 1963. pp. A:-:-...efnailen of a Pteeldent. reprinted from !ley Vork Tire': with -intro. by Anthony Lewis. � Yore.. 07:3. "'1- Aaeree!naion of Prealdent John F. Kennedy." Current Digent of the Soviet Press, 11 December 1963, rr. eenreniuetion of President Kennedy." FARt turcts. January 1964, pp. 25-26. T, of.Preefaept Kenrety. OCIT-Ecol, 1963. ("Memorial Edition") � enna-ninctVn: Sceac of the Crime." 11:zeltry_. 4 December 1967. pp. 31D-32. 4senoninction: the Rerorter's Story; limit vas Seen and Read: Television, Newepapers, M.earieeci Jour:16112min Role: Unresolved /souse." Colnmhin Journalism Review, inter 1464. "1-,,deinotios: the trial to a verdict; with report by G.R. Ford." Life. 2 October 1964, pp. 40-508. "P�1 4vt,"rvy." 111,..t, 27 December 1963. p. 18. � "11. lerelcil."-?ov.tvoeit. 6 January 1944, pp. 19-20. ar-!-ran, Ida. "Peva...We Johnsons Mordkornission." Fri t Donmark, 23, no. 2(1964-65), 4-6. of tb necree, in the ansaesinatioo probe." U.S. New snd World Report, 24 Feh- r-vie/ 1964. pp. 52+. � to Della,: Theories of J. Thorpson and J. Connally." Ttml, 24 November 1967, PP. 54.55. ", -.promd to the Kennedy Film." rill Coneret Mienrine. Fall/Winter 1967, pp. 39-44. � f- 11.11. "teatiesin." Setnr7le1_Fveriee Pent, 41'e:ember 1963. pp. 22-27. F-;-r, Dean C. The Arerreiretien of 1'v:eV-et Fennedy_L_A Study of the Press Coverage. Ann Arbor: Vnivez,ity of Hichiv.:1 Dept. of Journalism, 1965. ;10..terl� Franc. "Put: Atenteta." ljennih, 24 November 1963. P,-�ndell, 'A.. "The Kenntdy Arsanainetien." Vim, Autumn 1964, pp. 90-93. i-elle. Morrie A. Gene ef the retreeslye right. thr only reenontruction of the reemly. An000nination cbot makes Wanhington: Columbia Pub. Co., 1964. il..t,rick� Stephen B. 15;rf Says Arnansioetion Book to Widen Kennedy-LBJ Rift." Tale Dnilv. nt-..s. 15 /*tether 1946 pp. 1...3., Anna. ElrAryilkonnf,tel eln6kwilesztafilg� Budapest: Koneuth Konyvkiodo, 1964. � revid. 4717.701 wan my only 50117-57,7177bnerver. 13 Aunt:et 1971. pp. 13-15. and'ilcoe,11 Cartzra Vied for Aaadoeination Film Nov in National Archives." zlIgl January 1967. r� ,�chkov. V. "Pyre Lieht en the Kennedy AVIMOInittie Xbook review of Die Wr______.......hrhe.ittber Aelyeenedy-Merd: vie tele warum der Warren- 'port 11;gc, by Joachin-Jonstail)." Iry 26 Oczoler 1966. pp. 23-32. 2 .-rieres, ate. -Te Jeer cu Fenrely fpt nnarenin4. Paris: Editions du Cerfaut, 1963. p-rry. Wendell. Twenty Sin Hineteri-MEdred Slat Three (poem). New Tork; Bickel, A.M. "Return to Dallas." hew Pepuhltie 23 December 1967. p. 34. Bishop, Jim. The Day Kennedy Una Shot. Nem lark: Funk and Wagnalle, 1968. "Black Friday, five years later." N.-.aveok 25 November 1968. pp. 22-23. Btith, Overseas Mourn JFK; Bil/0717m..11 Annivereary Service deitented to HP Mille Directors place Wreath at To of President." fintional Jeoloh Monthly, January 1964. pp. 24+26. Renner. Judy Whltnon. inyeetiyntion of a Roofeider thy, Murder of �Inhn F Rennet, Andes son. S.C.: Drake HOU3e, 1969. Booker, Simeon. "How JFK Surpassed Abraham Lincoln." Ebony, Febryset 1964, pp. 2548, 3. 32-34. Boonstre, Jan. Zes neennen in Doll/int 22 Novemher 1963,.De reined w_John F. renoltlz, 1917-1963 Prenident yen de Verrnigde Staten van AoRrika. Amsterdam: Bib.. liotheek en-document:ale school. 1968. "Bowser. Rallowell. "The Perils of Hasty History." faturdny Revelv, 31 December 2966, P. 14. Brand. Sergiu. "Si Totual Cine?" Cronien, 17 December 1966. p. 12. Bravo, Francisco. John Fientrmld Kennedy. el m;jrrir de In eaperneze: dincurno. Cuenca. 1 Brats, J. !::::nnaination of a People." Ave Marin, 14 December 1963. p. 10. . "President Kennedy' Death: Whi7"--A7!"-Marit, 11 January 1964, p. 9. . "Death in Emergency No. One: Pnrkland Memorial Hoopital." Saturday remain Post, 14 December 1963. pp. 30-31. Brienberg. Mordecai. "The Riddle of Dollen." Spectator, 212(1964), 305-306. Bringuier, Carlos. Red Friday. Chicago: Charles Hallberg A Co. n.d. Brodie, Tercel. Tribute to the Inte Prenident Fiteeerold Kennedy44.nt the Marble Arch Synyugua_lendcni...1963. London: Office of the Chief Rnthi, 1964. Buchanan, Thomas C. "Pravo Porocilo o Umoru v Dalleau." Delo, 27-29 February 1964, Pp. 56-58. Budiame. Budimir. "Zlocin u Tekosau." Dnevntk, 22(1963), 6124. Bugialli. Paolo, et al. Chi ha neCIPO i Kennedy, Roma: Trapeni editore. 1968. "Busineos Pledges its Sup-poTt7T-Run1ne.nn Week, 30 November 1963. p. 34. Butler, Ed. "The Great Aseatiatn Puzlie7-7-be weerwond V1110Ae 5nntre, 1, no. 2(2962), pp. 21-28; 2. no. 1(1969). pp. 26-27. 37-41. Cameron, J. "Humane and Sane." Commenven1 13 December 1963. pp. 338-339. Caplan. Gerald and Vivian Cndden. -"Lein:one in Bravery." HcColls, September 1968, pp. 12 85, 115. Carney, Frederick S. "Crisis of Conocience in Dallas: Soul-searching vs. 'New Faith in Dallas.' Thought en the day of the funeral of Tom F. Driver." ChriltIPAlt, An Crisis, 23 December 1963. pp. 235-241. Carr, Waggoner. Texne Sperlementrl Ferort on the AnmessinetIon of President reneedy end Serious PointdinA of Cm-error John R. C ^rola] Povreher 22 1963.Aastin, Texan. Castro, Fidel. Coonarerenein del cer.ndente fide' Centro, mete elyueblo de Cube ochre 1. 'merlins relacionnden conel oneninnto del frenidente fennel!". Havana: CmaLsion Orientscion Kevelucionaria, Direcion Nacional del P6d6C, 1963. A Child's Eves: November IL...1061 (motion picture). Group VI Productions (released by Pa Contemporary Man). 1966.. "A Chronology of Tragedy." Tine and Tide 28 November 1963. pp. 7-9.. Ciardi, John. "November 22. li(757-1774-dny Pevlev, 7 December 1963, pp. 16+. . "Of ehnoa and courage." Saterdey Feviev, 28 December 1963, p. 25. Clifford, G. "Warren Report: A New Boost for the Kennedy Menorabllia Industry." Pincleee Haearine, 2 November 1964, p. 3. Cole, Alwyn. 'Ann/main Forger." lournel of Forennic Sciences, July 1966. pp. 272-288. "Coependium of Curieun Coincidences: Parallels in the Lives sad Deaths of A. Lincoln and J.F. Kennedy." Time, 21 August 1964, p. 19. The Complete Fennedy_Sara: Four Dark Dom 4 vols. Hollywood: Associated Professional Services, 1967. Condon. R. "Manchurian Candidate in Dallas." Nation 28 December 1963. pp. 449-451. Connally, John B. "Why Kennedy Went to Dense:rill:, 24 November 1967. pp. 864r8611. Connally, Mrs. John B. "Since That Day in Dallas.^-"PeCnlla. August 1964. pp. 78-79*. Cook, Fred J. "Aasansination Investigations. The Irregulars Take the Field." Nation 19 July 1971, pp. 40-46. Cooke. Alintair. "After the President's Ansannination." Lintener, 5 December 1963. pp. 907-408. "Death of the Young Warrior." Listener, 28 November 1963. pp. 863-864. "Hon at Large: the Evidence on the AneassInation of President femedy." Mmi cheater (*.neaten, 22 September 1966, p. a. Cottrell. John. Anseenination: The World Stood Still, London: New English Library.1964 Norman. 'she Legacy of John F. Kennedy." Saturday RezEr.z, 7 December 1963. pp. 2147. Crawford, Isanea. ."The Encodes He Kids." Ilevreeek, 2 Dacenber 1963. P. 33. � 13-00000 7 �,,e.� re. Yenned:. Litereture: A Iliblimuldaical !gamy on John F. Kennedy. New York: New Yerk Univeralte Frees. 19(.3. '.v. "Pm and JFK: Wins of Fate." Philippine. Herald Magazine, 14. March 1964. pp. 42. 44, 67. 72. lesne. aReeleireellen Flle. Dallas: American Poster and/Frinting Co., 1969. H4na tz., ed. In n,e-Irtrn Inhn F. Knnneds,.... Ann don Lehen eines grosses ettelteee-ree. Zurich: Roeerhof-Verlag. 11114. l'ee: dlte Conunity." erweerek. 28 February 1966. ep. 31-32. ".� Pejoinder." 1,Laetel, 25 Hay 1964, p. 519. Fevirited." 11ee, 21 February 1969. pp. 10-19. 11-1 PetektivhiatCrtaa." Fitiyeo in Rpril 1964. p. 519. esi Treredia." Peeve e.emeiet ItEtalEdm4ef seeete. 14 October 1964. pp. 273-185. "1.J. "31.en Cetitro Heard the News." rev rerThlic. 7 Deceuber 1963, pp. 7-9. !.1. P. "Anseelfeg the Pa' in the PreeidenCe 3Zsth: Excerpts from Addresses." end Veed Feeort, 14 Decee.er 1953, p. 73. r-view et f'--'4 by C. Frank. Comeentary, July 1963. pp. 90e.92. Reviry of Peeld b7t7ironk. leteevretem, it:leery 1964, pp. 6+. ."K died; ezcerrCn free P. Dee Kenn:a Shot by Jim Bishop." Ladies Hove Journal, "verb" 39". PP. 131-15/7 7 7,13:,y Died." Nevneeek. 2 Deenabar 1963, pp. 20-26. � in pelt-a." ri:Tia-Pigeet, Jetveery 7964. pp. 39-44. ^ ef a eodern." nneelatcl. 29 Hovember 1963, p. 691. � of the Presioee-t:"- Ceeeeneeml, 6 December 1967. p. 299-301. e e-see of a Preellent."--re wearjedly, 28 March 1967. :�, of a Fie?ident: The Esta51ished Prete." AtJaetie, March 1965, pp. 112418. � 7eeth of e Preeident: Told in Direct Testieony, imeerpte." P S Neve and World lune:, 7 December 1964, pp. 60-70. � ere...I.:en: Kennedy: Ststceents by Sir Robert Henzien aud Sir Gerfkald Barwick on 23r1 hoeee%er." cereent.nntes on Tarerretispel Affaire, Nnveuber 1963. pp. 38.49. ef the Pre::1,!ent7-"iiie,tret..,71 1..pn!..71 30 Hove:thee 1963. pp. 889-899. � � re 'I.Nt Killed .1-4.n Kee.7.-..7::tr-Ce-rtnnii by entice and defenders of the Werra: Report." er:tor Seele-!et, 10 Worteker 1966, pp. 21-224. r.i, r-etre.'e'vetlre: on the PC.114 4t0.7 pLIJI,I1Ure46 Dallaat The author, 1964. � .�-. Wire: .Penemeerporatiou. 0-64. -ettin. Itese-.-1:eifen eed the Aftereeth." ter.ricen Opinion, March 1964. pp. 14.0. . Peell 1164. pe. 33-40. !--,eet ae !Mlles." U.S. Pew,: eed vorld pepert. 3 February 1964. pp. 42-46. 9. "Vhv nee J7K Shot?" Wee.. Itrf 1961. � K. "::Areeertnry of en eyewitness." neee.neeebtiS, 21 Drceehet 1565, Pe 18. : �-:, marvel. Lee at trom du Pelle'. Feria: Editions France-Ewpire, 1966. � -- � I. "514 rt, 17(1964) '11. Marten S. "The FenntOy "Ain Disowned at the Warrenton Seoinar." 'pile Comment, Vali/Winter 17,1/. pp. 33-34. � -eget.: A Shock, then perovery." tnnin..nm V..14. 30 November 1963, pp. 92693. -c's Stela Talk." antioeb reviee, Winter 1963-64. pp. 401-404. Z. "Winter. 1963: A Tien for Quiet Voices." !merle!, 21 December 1963, pp. 787. � eegiening." nevw,eek, 9 Deceeber 1963, pp. 1,9=10. Cris% "vashlogten 25 Noveni�er 1953." ?ITU. 11 March 1967. pp. 13-20. v.ceertact Memorial Boon." Pewee...A. 30 December 1963. pp. 49..50. edward J. 'Per Tod Ken bet Auld 313: eine nem Untersuchung des Kennedy-Hordes." re:Later-1, 20. no. 29(1966), 63-67. . :1,41 Chapter in the Asaemsination Controversy." Nov York Tines Mattazioe, 20 April 106). pp. 30-31. rhat window." Newevrek, 22 June 1964, p. 32. tvo hours without 4 president: excerpts from testimonies." 11.0. Rave and World .Reurt, 14 eoverber 1966, pp. 68-78. n. Hare171. Fifty-nee vIrn ..... The nrsteae troll. San Francinco: Idlewild Pubs., 1965. tre. of evidence enemerted with the inventiration of the anannsination of President John Y. x"r*.cAr. 1N.P 1563-64. 1,- 4f reteemee reeneeted with the inveetigatinn of the nonneetntition of Preeldent John F. Feele.ei. 71-Gin. in 2 melt, eicrofilm.707.70.4Fri5Mierocard Editions, 1967. r., ei.That Day with New York: McGrrill, 1965. e,Fever: 3A1 floan. Sterner Style:" Euelnees wee 30 November 1963, pp. 31-32. - lei." TclevIllel. Jrnuary 1964. pp. 27-33. e,t: The"tet,,tiral treerd f the Death of President Keened . Nov York: American Hyriteee tuLliahteg Co.. 1964. - e-s--, Prosiaent Kennedy's Assassination." Sala MAIM, � Fox, Sylvan. "Uonturvered Questions About Preoident F.ennetfee Ameessination." Patimell Reaffew 11 January 1966. pp. 34-37. "Funeral o7-jehn Fitzgerald Kennedy." Ill.' uvulae peva 30 Remember 1963, pp. 1190e 893. Gales, Robert Fobineen. "Motes. The Atteassination of the President: Juriedictiemel Frebe � lees." arecese LAM Review, Fall 1964, pp.69 -81. Gans. H.J. "Why did Kr:lance, Diee--frena -Action, July 1968, pp. 5-6. Gerdes, Miklos. A reen:de ?anneals. Budesto7st. 1960. Careen, Barbera, Peciird. NeZ-Iork: Grove Press, 1967. � Calmer, J. "Who Killed John Kennedy?" Satureitmlight, July 1964. pp. 11-14. Gershermon, Alvin. Kennedy and Big Puniness. (N.p) Book Company of America (n.d) Cilliatt. Penelope. The Current Cincea.ff-liew Terkel., 17 June 1967, p. 95. Gilman, R. "Facts of Morality." Cmewerval, 17 December 1963. pp. 337-338. Glikes, Edwin A.. ed. Of Poetry nnd Fever: pcmen orerefoned by the Preeideney end death of John Rennedt. Not York: Beale Books, 1964. Goodhart, A.L. The Mysteries of the Kennedy Assassination and the English Press." LOW Quarterly Review, January 1967. Gordon, Bruce. One and One Peke Two Scree Times: the ',needy Aftenesinetton. Fullerton, California. 1968. Gordon. William E. "The Assensination of President Kennedy." Centeepnrer, RPVIOW, Janne any 1964. pp. 8-13. Gotta, Fritz. "Hach John F. Kenuedya Tod." Die drei, 1964, pp. 143-145. "The Government Still Lives." Tire, 29 November 1963, pp. 21e32. Graham, Fred P. "Doctors Inspect Kennedy I-rays." New York Tiara, 9 January 1972. Greenberg, Bradley S. "Diffusion of Neve of the Kennedy Assaasination." Public Opinion Quartet:1/i 28(1964), 225-232. Grosvenor, Melville Bell. "The last Full Measure." Psalmist Georerephic, March 1964, pp. 307-355. Gun, Merin E. Red Ropes Free Trees. London: Frederick Muller, Ltd., 1964. Gurgo. Ottorino. ?ceche I rennedy ruoiono. Somas Trevi, 1968. Oahe. Hens. "Die AFFErifer Wahrheit; der Mbrder Gefundender ford Ungeklirt." Welt-each.. 32(1964). 1614. . The Wounded Land: Journey throueh a Divided America, Nay Torkt Coverd-McCenn, Hanson, William19 H. The Shooting of John F. Fennody. San Antonio, Texas: The Naylor Company. 1969. Harris. T.G. "Memo About a Dialled Cities," Look, 11 August 1964. pp. 64+. Hart, L. "The Death of President Kennedy." roluebia. December 1963, p. 3. . "A Year of Progress with a Sorrowful C1ire7" Columbi!, January 1964. p. 16. "Hatred knows no logic." Saterdstimeninp feet, 4 January 1964. p. CO. "Have We Learned Our Leseoner--ihrietien Centta� 80(1963), 1567-1568. He Cave Hie Life, Nashville, Tenn.: The Nenhville Tenneeeeen.1965. Hegyi, Karoly. "A Dallas!. Itelethirdetes Uten." Elre 17 March 1964, p.3. Henderson. Bruce. 1:33. Nov York: Cowles, 1968. Hatcher. W.W. "Thousand well wishers and one assassin." U.S. Neva and World Report, 2 December 1968, pp. 34-35. !teasel. D. "To heal the wounds." Chef/attire Century, 81(1964). 15. "Die Hintergrunde des Kennedy- Mor477--Fas endere Deutechlend. 1963. "History's Jury." Nreavrek, 16 December 1963, pp. 25-27. Holmes, W.A. " One thing worse than this: Sermon delivered at Northhaven Methodist Church, Dallas, November 24, 1963." Christian Centlan. 80 (1963). 1555-1556. Nomeee to a friend, a venoriel tribute by the United National for Pte.:Went Jobs F. Ken:left. New York: United States Demaittee for the United Nations, 1964. Horowitz, Irving L. "Kennedy's Death, Myths, and Realities." Teens-Action, July 1968, pp. 3-5. Routs, Marshall. "President Kennedy's Autopsy was Botched." Medical Ken:acute*, 4 March 1968. p. 249. 1/here Death Delights: Adventures in Courtroom Medicine. New Torts Coward-lieCann, li67. "how JF( Died." Newsweek, 10 December 1963. p.55. Howard. Anthony. "railatica of the Funeral." Ea vire. November 1968, pp. 119-122. Hove. Irving. "On the death of Jnhn F. Kennedy. In his Steady work: Fogey, in the Poli- tica of Democratic Roadie:dim.. New York: Harcourt, trace i World. 1966. Hughes, Emmet John. "An Echo In the Silence." Neveveak, 2 December 1963, p. 52. "Hvem Myrdede liven og Rvorfor?" Frit Danmark, 2rff63-64), 3-5. "Hyannis Port Revisited." 'A.,* (11 Povember 1964: 11e: JFK Memorial Ion:), pp. 17-45. "Mypothetical Case:. Lettet77"National Revel.., 17 Decerber 19�1; pp. 515-516i,14 January 1964. p. 36. � "I Just Heard Some Shoot Three Shots." editor and PAlleher 30'flove4ses 196.1:4116.1410. 13-00000 9 I.e. 'ars; Fnat-titanady seseesinatim threats of ragnicide." Menewrek, 23 Decekber 1963, p. 27. relrflu__1717-1161,_PreniO�nt of the United State.: of America; "7.�1*(-1 t e ltva.t.t nt Hrrverhes ibt etsej three,. limlnaton: University of F.nw.ctly, 1161, In 1'53 He Survived." Chriatiel ernpum, Bp (1963). 1599-1602. 1_7,-_!!1:21Tr pf DnIlre. french:co: Beep:tits Magnxine, 1966. ea Dallas: IC; Bight to E.!4T Arrn." yob let. 3 October 1964, pp. 1101-1102. it 'ttos'1Ontlnek." verk. 30 Noverbet 1963, pp. 83-04. le'- the Arohlars, 7.-rrye and photogrrphs of body of JP." Tire, 11 November 1966. p. 33. -- o.,.,. Mtn'. Ktp's rldst elelE. Mosecw, 1964. 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"If You Can Keep Your Head When All About You: Television and News Coverage of the Kennedy Aneaseination Story." .Satuvialjeview. 14 December 1963, pp. 53.54. The Torch In Penned: the Aneeeinted Preen Story of the Death of a President. New Yorkt Anaociated Preaa, 1964. "A Tragedy and is Challenge." Ihminenn we.k. 30 November 1963. p. 124. "Tragic Day In Texan." Senior Scholentic, 18 November 1966. p. 7. "Tragic end of John F. Kennedy.' ULL_Elte_end World Retort, 2 December 1963. pp. 31.-32. . Trevor-Roper, Hugh. "Ki blte meg Kiennide4P Korunk. 25 (1966). 1601-1609. Troelatrup. Glenn. "New Light on the Assanaination: A Secret Agent's Story." U.S. News, and World Report 8 June 1964, pp. 38-39. Tupa, Stefan. 'Dallas: Declaratil al Ipoteze." LOorR, 12 Hatch 1964. pp. 9-10. Turnbull, J.W. "Notes from Texne." Ccee-onw.el 13 Peceeber 1963. p. 337. Turner, W.W. "Some disturbing parallels; sennesination of M.L. Mg and J.,. Kennedy." Rermarte Mi otInt, 29 Uune 1968. pp. 33-36. "Two Mrs. Kcnncdy,.F Nation/4 Reviev, 4 April 1967. pp. 333-336. United Preas International. Prochere of front pages of 91 Amerienn newnpepern. Novel-her 22 to 25. 1963, (Ice. York: KMR PuSlicatione n.d. U.S. Congreae. House. Coevirtee on the Judiciary. Preneeld...ence p.rtainin to the aennenInetion of President Kennedy: rerort to nccurvoro 11.9. 9545. Weehington: G.P.O., 1965, Senate. Committee on the Judiciary. Prener,ing_evidence.pertntelne_te the PROMO.. ein.tion of Prealdent Kennedy: report to nr.cr-non H.R. 9545. Washington: G.P.U., 1965, U.S. 88th Congrenn. Hoene Report 1913 nuthoritine nehreenn power for revein.fon on Amine- nine: inn of Preeident John F. Kennedy, FiTort free C...e.-Itaee pn tudict.ey to accompany H.J. Resolution 852, Decerber 10 19t3. Washington: House Documents Roma, 1964. � Public Law 202, 5.3 Pen 137, joint repolution authorleine eeemia.fon eletabliehed to report oun AAnnnntnmtfen of Prenfdert Jew, r rennety_te roerel err:end/tn.. ard teetTann. ',f witneenen led pi-eduction of evi4 d ence. A. rov. 13 D..creher 1963. Wanilleeton: G.P.O., 19h-4. 2nd Seonion, .1954. Meenrial addrenees in the renuo.A of the United Staten end trihuten In cutely -of John F. Kennedy. late Prenteent of the United Steers. Wash- ington: G.P.O.. 1964. "Unraveling the myntery of the ansaaeination of John F. Kennedy; the official story." &a News nod World Peenre, 5 October 1964, pp. 35-42.1.. "Untold Storice: Afteranth Of the Assassination." U.S. Hewn an:12986::::::rt, 12 October 1964, pp. 58-62. Uruguay, Biblioteca del Pnder Legislative. John F Kennedy! 1917-1963: noticia biegrifies e ocnni;m1 'le nu falleiniento. Montevideo. 1963. "IiIA-Attentet-Aulklarung: thinner Menu Penuche." Per !tetral. 17,; no. 49 (1963), 83-86. "USA-Keenedy-Attretnt: (lord in der Sonne." Per Spiegel. 17. re. 49 (1963). 77-83. "USA Pranld.ntenechutz: Pen.ter els." Der Seieeel, lt, no. 49 "tine and Abuse of Stock Footnge." Piln ece.ecnt, Fell/Winter 1967, pp. 47-51. Usbakov, G. "Dallas Merey-go-Round.'-7:v 'ripen, 18 March 1964, pp. 27-29. Van Der Karr, Richard K. Ctinin in Dello.: an hinforleel ntudy of the activities of nellem televinfon brondcantere during_the period of Preeldent Xol Bloomington, 565. Venkatenmsrarao, PorlurS, Kennedlhates Ftbow WaAroo. 11../....4 ewes 13-00000 "1-.41 Street Revives Fast After the COMO." Pnnine.na Week, 30 Noverber 1963. pp. 28-31. v....nes, Pale. ter elliel Freefeeer? New York i &ericen Preen, 1964. "1,oer, Iren. "'Big Ferrite in 94f1;"Verbenix Illpltreted, 60, no. 437 (1964), 89-91+. .1 This Pne Seee?" lefe..21 Fehrusry 166, pp. 26-2-9. -ebireten Outlook." 11,:elnree 30 Moveyher 1963. pp. 41-42.0.09-110. v.inbetg, Herold. Phor-e}lerhisr-ti.it-opeb,....Seopprenaed !remedy Arg`,enination pictures), Pyettatewn� nl: the author 0.d. � Font pnete--- Fennedy fv=tel. Frederick, Md., 1969. .Fr.tnn rf Fc-mtdt.Autrpa. Frederick, Md., 1969. tn..; FAI-7eeret Screlce eperroa. Hyattsville, Md., 1966. �����rh. D. enj W. Turner. 'In the Lkedove of Da1117i:n Re:Tertm, 25 Jenuary 1169. pp. 61-71. +len, R.J. "Kennedy aesanmination; with editorial cormeni7" Saturday Krenine Pont, 14 January 1967, pp. 19-25, 74. *".".et tom, fay th3C Dreadful Day in Dallas: Testimony and Evidence Published." Newsweek, 7 Decther 1964. pp. 28-39. Feith. "The Rifle that Killed Kennedy." Life, 27 August 1965. pp. 62-65. .6'.er Kennedy Died." Nenceveek 14 September 1964, p. 61. .'"ere the Mete COM, 1;;;:r p^11 Repo/ate, 28 Dr:camber 1963, p. 7. � "t, llieeJorc U. "Asoaneinailon ineulry: slow, careful." U.S. Nevi and World Report, 27 Jenuary 1964. p. 41.. "For President Kennedy: An EpiloAue." ynk. 6 December 1963, pp. 158-159. . "One winhed for a Cry, a Sob...Any HumLn Sound." Look (17 November 1964: JFK Edirinn). � Kille7krej77:-"" Natienal Review, 2 July 1568, p. 642. Killed Keonede? The Croak Evidence." The linen, 9 October 1966, pp. 7-21. r.7-- Killed President Kerredy: Soviet Condo1encce.1"-Ffew Times, 4 December 1963. pp. 5e7. was to 91.ree?" Eceroe'et, 7 December 1963, p. 1022. Cary. "Dallas: rmt There." liatiGnal Cathelic Renorter, 4 January 1967, p. 10. ton, Richard. "1.-..at Happened to the Kennedy Pregran. Look (17 November 1964: JFK ewmoriat Feitior). pp. 117-118+. ;1. , Geoid. "It Will Be-ene Mare..." Gnod Hneeekeeriiee, February 1964, pp. 90-91+. "Sccre: F.:Hence en the Kennedy assanninetion.' Sstyrday Evening Poet, 6 April 196e, tn. 70-73. And TbesAs 3. Fes. Vie fay Kennedy Die,!. San Antonio: The Naylor Co.,.1964. L, "Zve s'a't-il Fame a Dallas?" :,a:leans, September 1966, pp. 2-3. -'� -Id titer New Yenr's America: Minds in Ferment."-Furrent Ziacet of the Soviet Press, 8 Januar: 1264, pp. 18-19. - World and tht hite Fouse." New SterpsrAn, 29 November 1963. pp. 56-58. -;:-Id listened an-I Wstchtd: :teets Greatest Challenge in Wake of JFK Tragedy..." FroaAcaetine. 2 Decemher 1963, pp. 36-6!, rcurns in doubt, fear, and hope." Newevt.e.,.. 9 Tecember 1963, pp. 56-56. -arks the Spot." Nrw7week� 16 Deeember 1963, 2p. 27-28. e:nugh. Itelph. "Sennory Perception." revelt=i, 16 January 1967, p. 6. "s,ra of Lightnine: Day of Drums." Film Unment, Fall/Winter 1967, pp. 22-23. li. WORLD OPINION AN, EFFECTS Pejo., Guillermo. The World Before a Tomh. Barcelona, 1964. Tb1MAA J. "The Kennedy Pesaseiration: Earl" thoughts and Emotions," Poblic Opinion re:orteelv, Semeer 1964, pp. 216-224. ilorman P. and Jaen!, .1, Feldman, Tablis_Apthy and Public Grief. Chicago: Na!lortal Opinion Center, University of Ch..cago, 1964. H. "Oveetiens from abroad." Saturday Review, 9 May 1964. r' � "TM. Pnbert. "Russia: no, No. This Cannot he True." look, 6 December 1963, pp. 129- .130. "�, -Irn of Guilt." Christian Cent, 81 (1964). 37-311. "sy'lectioe Guilt in the U.S.? Take a Look at the World: with Excerpts from Addrens by Tr-unten B. Morton." U.F. Nrwl Werld RIvirt. 23 December 1963. pp. /2-74. "f�- 'ectlye or indl,idnal guLlt.T1 t jjj',or!, 16 December 1963, p. 10. "Prretion of Fre-echcOrijciaien to the Ansanninntion of President Kennedy." Cr 194, pp. 101-10. -re ra..;� 1.:*e!or.2n 7to:rbn de /OAR repoitte... de UR Pf7t1P411ta . P I% r-lerre dr teL V. Yenn:AL. linslco: Editorial AcaJoeia Wetreria. o'� --eion of "flurden of guilt." Clirtntirp CenP.T.t. 81 (1964). 243.. V, � 'es, John L. "The Kennedy AeomminItien as'iirwed by Committee Media." Journalton Snrl... 141-1/.6 1 (Planner, Janet) ("Genet," pseud.) "Letters from Paris." Mew Yorker, 7 December 1963, PP. 133-434+. "Prom friend and foe in America: Benne of shock and dismay at the despicable act, statem U.S. W.V. and World Report. 2 December 1963, p. 49. Frontek, TT--n1W-Anerieen View." Tehlet, 8 April 1967. pp. 302-383. - . - Greenberg, Bradley S. and Edwin B. Parker, edn. The Kennedy Paspnaination and the Mari, . pnblic: social co-nninication in cents. Stanford University Frees, 1965. Greenstein, Fred I. "Popular Images of the President." American Jeturnal of Psychistrro 122, no. 5 (1965), 523-529. Rabe, Hans. Anntomt of Hatred: the wounded land. London: Harrsp, 1964. Harris, T. George. 'Competent American: Eight Views of JFK." Look, 17 November 1964, py 54. 56, 61, 64. Hepburn, James. Farewell America. Belgium; Frontier Cooploy. 1968. (Also in German and French texts). "How America Felt." liewnverk. 16 March 1964. p. 33. "How sorrowful bad; world reactions." line, 29 November 1963. pp. 38-39. "In Jural Procesului de la Dalian. Rasliand Press Sasinl." Seintels, 9 March 1964, p. "In the Nation's interest; commission to Investigate the Assonsinetion of President John F. Kennedy." keel-ice 21 December 1963. "Kennedy legacy, the peol7;77;nak." CO.+OVWCAll 13 December 1963. pp. 335-336. Lineberry, William. "The Lingering spIoti. Foreign Opinion and the Assassination." New Leader, 27 April 1964, pp. 21-22. "Lingering doubts; survey of public opinion." Newsweek, 6 January 1964. p. 19. McGill, R.E. "Speaking out: hate knows no dire-17?ctior. Saturdny Evening Poet, 14 Decembe 1963, pp. 8+. "Der Hard von Dallas nahnt die Welt." BegEgnung, Berlin. 12 (1963), no. 3, pp. 14. "L'Oceidente e la Norte di Kennedy." Riviera di etudi politic! internazionnli. Florence, . 30 (1963), p. 3. Radojac� Miroslay. "Koko je Amerika Primila Vent a Zlocinu u Teksasu." Politikn, 23 November 1963, p. 18010. . "Zasto je Amerika Cotala?" Politika, 2 December 1963, p. 1e017. Paine. Rohn R.. comp. Editnrinle U.S.A. Different opinions on different sublects. John Kennedy aneassination. November 22, 1963, Dalton, Texas: The author tn.d.: Rajaki, Raymond 8.. ed. A !Minn Grieves: The relined? Aeasseinatinn In Editorial Carton Rutland, Vt.: Tuttle, 1967, Sheatsley, Paul B. and Norman Bradburn. "Assassination! How the American Publivreapond American Psychologi:n1 'ego. Los Angeles,.Septeeher 1964, pp. 1-19. (Piper) Sheatsley, Paul B. and Jacob J. Feldman. "The &assassination of President Kennedy. A Preliminary Report on Public Reactions and Behavior." Public Opinion Quarterly. 28 (1954), p. 2. "Soviet Press Comment Following Kennedy's Death." Current Digest of the Soviet Press, 18 December 1963, pp. 3-7. Tamara, T. Reply to H. Brandon's "Queetions from abroad." Saturday Review, 27 June 1964. "Tragedy in Dallas: lettere to the editor." Chrintian Century, 80 (1963). 1588-1590. Wolfenstein. Martha and Gilbert W. Kliman, eds. FAtIciren and the Des& of a Presidentt multidlacinlinary ntudies. Nev York: Doubleday, 1966. Wilson, J.J. Mood of the Nation, New York: Martani & Munoell, 1964. "The World Resounds: Reactions to the President's Murder. a Syeposion: New York, by W. h Tokyo, by J. Blevett. Rome, by D. Campion, Washington, by S. Quinlan. Bogota. by Andrade. Milwaukee, by Q.Quade. Toulouse. by F. Becheau. London, by A. Boyle." America, 14 December 1963. "World Weeps and Waits." Buniness World, 30 November 1963, pp. 30-31. C. WARREN COMMISSION "Ass Warren ineulry starts; latest on the essaosination." U.S. News and World Report, 30 December 1963, pp, 28-30. "The assmainstion: The Warren Report." Prvnweek, 5 October 1964. pp. 32-40. 45-52, 57-6 63-64. . "Autopsy on the Warren Commission: Time Ersay." Tine, 16 September 1986, pp. 54-55. "Between two Urea: Mrs. Onvald's testimony to Warren Comninsioo." Tire, 14 Parser, 196 Bickel, Itle7c. an!12 :M, "Failure of the Warren Report." Coos-env, . April 1967, pp. 741. . "Reexamining the Warren Report." Hew Republic, 1 January 1967, pp. 25-26. "Brava little woman. H..Ciawald before Warregire investigating eomminelos." Yrwnyeeks 17 February 1964. p. 17. � 13-00000 1' (,-Tker.1� A."man hrppened In Dallas? Concernleg H. Weieberg and E.J. Epstein's theorise on the Warren Report." re,. Reel:tits, 22. June 1966, pp. 23-25. Csse Avennt Mr. X." New LeoOtr, 3 January 1966. pp. 13-18. el�ee. N.A. "Pnetscript to WarrCr17- Ser.ete 27 eanuary 1967. p. 99. ------. "W�rern in the Dock Who killed Kennedy." Spectater. 23 SrAtember 1966, pp. 371-372. Jacch. "The Warren Cemeission report and its Critics." ?rootlet., Noveeber 1966. � F?. 5-20. ^ evert the Yemen report omits: vital documents." Netion 11 July 1966, pp. 43-49. ---sendinn es Warren Crvtreinn. Mendeletn, Ill.: Callaghan 6 Co. tn.do (Journal of the Fervec 1.7 Sel.txre) ee-k. Fred J. em rrr a Cc-emission report4 some unanswered questions" Nation, 13 June 1966, pp. 703-715. "^ Warren CoTafitS100 report: testimony of ehe eyewitnenses." Nation. 20 Juno 1966, Pr. 7)7-746. "Wirren Report and the Itreconellables: Theories of Josiah Thompson and Sylvia Mteehet." Nattoa, 26 February 1968. pp. 277-281. t,-wford, Curitt et al. Critical Reactionn to the Warren Report. New York: Harz:int 6 1964. C- 4ord,K. "Warren inerachers." Newnwet. 19 October 1964, p. 40 Febert F. "Why the Warren Creraasien?" New York Pelveratty Law Review, Hay 1965, pp. 07-533. Th. Weieht of the Evidence: The Warren Report and Ira Critics. New York: Mtredith Prrns, 1968. Marc end .71m Matthews, eda. Pb1e lts cf.ihe Warren Helmet. Covina, Calif.: ..!.P Collectors euhlicationn, 1967. � "eolFhte of the Warren Repert. Los Angmles: Associated Profeselonal Service, "o�.:p and Fr.:wing doubts euestioning the verdict of the Warren Coemission." Neweweek, 10 Ortnber 1966, pp. 36-f. P-!1Lnrer, 1'ov-id. "the r . Report: The Death of a Preoident." Liberation, January !745. pp. 11-12. --b The Warren Report...?" tibeiemisil. March 1965, pp. 3-5. V.I'ee. A. "Alrn r-.11.1ca answers Warren report Unice; excerpts from statements, December 4, 1966." U.S. Now. mod World Repea. 19 Deceeher 1964. p. 20. W. "The Warren Fepert. DecemNer 1964, PP. 24-27. P 'IL, Edward J. 1.moet: the TnTrin Ccemiselor Ind the entablinhormt of truth. New Yorks Viking Fr. 19'E. � -.--.--. n rviet=edr de Me..n: A Conies:lin warren�Ijimeca da verdnde. Trad. do Renate reee.edre. klo de Janeiro: Ed. :nova, 1957. -------. eho le cfraid of the Warren Report?" Elpire, December 1966. pp, 204+. Fet �. Arnold I. "Jilt in Dalle.: The Warren Repel*: and its Gritice." Saturday Review, 21 J'-uory 1967. p. 56. er,..� pc...Usher, !ague Wirren panel's rerc:t." e2hlt�hern'_Wee!Ele. 5 October 1964, pp. 43-44. "An oti.cre see us; cancerning W-ren ejiimilealon report." Saturday Review, 2 N:v.rber 1964, pp. 35-37. Caere-ie. "Loeee Ends." Greater PhiledelpiLiaLtlanim. Janitor), 1967. -- � "D'T Warree Connie:elm: The Truth and Allen Specter." Greater Philadelphia Yo.r1ne. (Page proofs, /9667) Ord John R. Stiles. Portratte of arieneneein. New York: Simon and Schuster. 1965. Paul L. 'The Warren Corniveirm and the Fourth .Shot: A Reflection on the Fundamentals of rerenale liter FInd1A6." 1t7r /sr* Urqvtrefe), Lmv reztev, Hay Me. Cr" Char'el. An Feae"ertlen of tLe Centradicti7;e arid Oninsiann of the Wrrren Revert. Cleveland: &meld 1ubil-717.e Co., 1966. F. "The Warren Cone:lesion." A-e_erula, 17 September 1966, pp. 16-17. Coe:.11� K. Ind A.L. Ooodhirt. "Warren-E'er...elle:lino: tie critics: and the law; theories of E.J. � Gpetein and M. Lsee." iteeorru, 15 December 1966.. pp. 44-48. Co. "� rt A.L. "11.e Warren Coemaelon froe a Procedural Standpoint." New York University Law Review, Hay 1945, pp. 404-423. "rhe M7ctreiers of the Kennedy Asnaasloation And the Enelieh Preen." LP. Quarterly Pevir7y, .ienuary 1967. pp. 23-63. H-a- OT--rWerren AO/trite Auguct 1966, pp. 117-118. y, � 'rm.' net eerie-re... eidreis t, ehief leetIce r, traren on the Aeoperrinntion of the e�. � � Deee,e�er 1963, 32. - �.'hit tl �1:�rmn mein World Krpert. /4 September 1964, .. pp. 6's41. �e. nFeri-n Covnissian One-Bullet Theory Exploded." Arenev Heger/no, July 1967, pp. 108-116. reed the Warren Rommel. m...--.. . . . � - ' � � Jacobson. Den. 76 :11:n Street: Warren Coamission Report." New Statesman, 15 January1 Jaffe, Louis L. "Trial by Newopaper." Nov York University Law Review, May 1965, pp. Joeaten. Joachim. Pie Wehrheit .6her den Kennrdy-Pord: vie und stems dtr Wnrren-Report Zurich: Schweizer Veringshoun, 1966. . The Gaps in the Warren Pepert. New York: Marzani 4 Munsell, 1965. Johnson, Marion H., comp. Preliminary Inventory of the Records �Ube. Preeident's Con on the Antiasninatinn of President Konn2�� Washington: National Archives a Records Service. General Servicen Adminlatration, 1970. Jones, Penn. Forgive Mt Crief. a critical review of the Warren Coml.:mien rt.:met on t . aeaanolnation of John F. Kennedy. Midlothian, Temps: Midlothian Mirror, 19 ^ batve My Grief. Volume Two. Hidlothian, Texas: Midlothian Mirror, 1967. Kempton. M. "Warren reports a case for the pronecdtion." Nov Republic, 10 October 1 pp. 13-17. "Latest on murder of Kennedy: a preview of the Warren Report." U.S. Neve and World Re 1 June 1964, pp. 43-44. Levi., Richard W. The Scovengere and critic., of the Warren Report: the endleas parado New York: Delacorte Press. 1967. Litton, David S., corp. Document Addendum to the Warren Report. Los Angeles: Sightte Publications Inc., 1968. Lynd. Staughton. "Comeent by Staughton Lynd." liberation Mayaeine, 9, no. 10 (1965), MacDonald, Dwight. "A Critique of the Report." Enquire, March 1965, p. 59. "A Critique of the Warren Report." In Walker, Gerald, ed. Beat Magazine Ar 1966. New York: Crown, 1966, p. 19-53. . Choir of Cennernev. A Critique of the Warren Cnordssion Report. Englewood N.J.: Prentice Hall, 1965. (publication withdrawn) Wow. Richard. The Kennedy Annanninnrion and the Warren Waahington: C.P.O., Marcus, Raymond. The Bastard Bullet; a eearch for leeitimacy for C000dsaion Exhibit 3 Los Angeles: Pendell Publications, 1966. Meagher, Sylvia. Accesnorien After the fact; the Warren Comnisninn. the outhorities. the report. Indianapolis: BobbaMerrill, 1967. --s--. Soh ect ineex to the Warren report and hearings and exhibits. Pew York: Sc Press, 1966. Meyer, Karl E. and N. MacKenzie. "Spotlight on Warren." 19641 pp. 474-476. "The Warren Report: the Triurph of Caliban." New Leeder, 12 October 1964. p Michel, Armand. L'aneansinat de John Kennedy. le Ranport warren et see critique:v. N. Trinekvel, 1968. Mills. Andrew. "Who killed Kennedy? The Warren Report So Right." True Maeaaine, Dec 1967, pp. 32, 72, 75-77. Montagu. Ivor. "The Warren Report." Labour Monthly, November 1964. pp. 449-503. Hook, Richard M. "The Warren Comminsion and the Legal Process." Cape ard Cossent Nag May-June 1967, pp. 13-20. MUhlen, Norbert. "Hord und Legende. Die Kritiker des Warren-Reports." Frankfurt ne Per Monet, 17 (1965), 14-28. "Mystery makers: J. Sparrow's evaluation of the Warren Co:mission report and its criti Time, 22 December 1967, p. 21. Nash, George and Patricia. "The Other witnenees." The New leader, 12 October 1964, p New 'fort Tires. 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"Reaction to Warren Cowelneion Report. ,rnior SAninetie. 14 October 1754, p. 17. "Recommendation." JA4A. 11 January 198577-1171. "Reporting the Repol7" New.verh, 12 October 1964. pp. 100-101. Rifkin, S. Reply to M. Kempton. "Warren report: a eine for the prosecution." Nev Fe 9#fl.pmh iciaa /0 London, New Statensan, 2 Oct 3-00000 ,1 19 "red and Solern duty: ea-eyelet:len to inyeetigate ihe aonnesination of J. Kennedy." Time, 13 Deceeber 1963. pp. 26-27. .11andria. VP:rent J. 'Ihe Warren Report? A fhiladelphis Lawyer Annlyzes the Presienee Back end Neel Wounde..." Liberntlen, Parch 1965, pp. 14-32. . :7rhoemeeen. Weis. "Int tier Warren-Pericht eher den Tod Presidenektemnedys Glaubwurdig?" Fre-,!.frilpr Ueft.t. 20. no.1(1O65). 15-24. !orvertz. Jay. Local Demurrer to the Report of the Warren Commission." Journal of rp.r.n.lte_tesenree. July 1966, pp. 310-229. -1-ehey. -"Klavyer's Notes an the Warren Conminaion Report..." Amerieen Bar Jeurral. January 1965. pp. 39-43. t�recn, ',siert L. 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JIM GARRISON '&11 the eYeecnts." ih-fentek, 10 March 1969, pp. 36+. . Pl-enee of .4.. Gnrelner'n inventlention into the snennaineiion of John P. Kennedy: the art!: rf.ailra.:r.. Auntin: Research Fuhlications, 1768. A-,oni, M.F. Grramon and Warren. Anything in Cuemon?" Minority of One, October 1967, pr. 11-12. *.7.., AsertasinAttion: Rourbon Street Rococo." Ti".., 3 March 1969, p. 26. '...saselnation: Hitcory or Headlines." hcmenmei(, 13 March 1967, pp. 44+, A.try. !area. "The Cerrison Investigation: Huy and Why it Began." NTM Orleans, April 1967, on. S-9. s-esvorth. H. "Z. Zarrison's inventigetion of a plot to kill JFK." Newsweek, 15 May 1967. pp. 35+. -.,-er, Mace E. 1:he fined:Inn Crave. New York: Clarknon N. Potter,. 1969.. - -rrivel In New nric.ne: Jtm Cnrrtaon's Irreestigation." Nownweel, 6 March 1967, p. 32. Cae.for Garrison." No. York Review of !kooks, 14 Septenber 1967. pp. 19.49. "c. leer of Con.piricy." 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Peepartn, 10 August 1968. pp. 56-58. Schlesinger, Arthur M. "Why I an for Rennedy." New Republic, 18 May 1966, PP. 39.e4f "Second thoughts on Bobby." Tine. 21 J.me 1968, p. 40. "Selectivity in Los Angeles." Tine, 3 January 1969. p. 40. Shihab, grit. Strhan. San Antonio: Naylor Co., 1969. "Shock of violence hits the carpnign." euninees We.k, 8 June 1968, pp. 38-62. "Sithan guilty." Senior Scholserie, 2 Hay 1969, p. 19. "Sirhan takes the stand." ,Neweweek� 17 March 1969. p. 37. "Sieben; tragedy of the absurd." Newsweek. 24 March 1969. p. 324. "Sirhan's trance; testimony of psychiatrist." Neweweek. 7 April 1969. p. 37. "Sithan'a Verdict." Time, 25 April 1969. pp. 21-22. "Socking it to 'em: Travels with Bobby." Time, 5 April 1966. pp. 22-23. Sorensen, Theodore C. "RIK: a Personal Mess:di-7 Saturday Review, 22 June 1968, p. 19 Stelnhecker, John. Rrt: The Man. the Wynticlem. the Murder. toe Angeles: Impart Publiehere� 1969. "T.R.R. from Washineton: who's polity." New PeriviiC. 15 June 1968. p. 2. "Taking the neih." Newawe:k. 25 Anguat 1969, p. 42. "Test cane; renponees to peycho1og1ca1 testa." lirrtweek, 7 April 1969. pp. 96-95. "Three Aseaneinntione." Minerliy of One. 10, no. T75-68), 11-16. "Toward.the Gas Cbaeher." Tine, 2 May 1969. p. 19. Townsend, Dorothy. 'NUtness Reports Girl said 'We Shot Hire." Loa Aemelee Times, 6 1968, p. 11. "Tragedy In Loa Angeles." Americe, 15 June 1968. p. 763. "U.S. auilt in Annamainneinna phn enik nnA eh* � n C WO.. ti.plA R....e 13-00000 28 "Vardiet on Sithan." Waereveek, 28 April 1969, pp. 414.. Weiss. P. and M. Mann47-"571ections on a tragedy." Se.winteen, August 1968, pp. 194.- 195. "What vas in 51than'a mind?" Tise 2& January 1969,.p. 54. WeiCk, Paul R. "71-ag Cragon Primary." s'ew laaublle, 3 June 1968. pp. "Wm or lose. the Primary Players." We, 7 i�ne 1968. pp. 15-41. Wiae.� David. "Rov Bobby 71ana en v4.1 Tt." SItt:71=7 8-:=1nT 7:st, I junu ma, pp. 28-27. "Witneises speak." Nevsve&k. 24 Jun* 1958. pp. 20-27. Yoakum, Robert. "Xammady and McCarthy: 1965-1957 Voting-Record." New Resublic, 11 May 1968, pp. 23,-27. � 13-00000 0 UNCLASSIFIED INTERNAL " USE ONLY 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 SECRET - . � � ROUTING AND RECORD SHEET SUBJECT: (Optional) /.0$ 74 -3,-,- Ctv-iteeetsr. ewr76,4.7-10,vy FROM: EXTENSION NO. DATE / Aropire. 7.9. TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE OFFICER'S COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) RECEIVED FORWARDED INITIALS 1. 0/45.4,fl JO. C.A..-- ., 6,4401014 i 74444 Otf 4"13 2. . 0�41.444Ies14�AG Flui/."4-4: Artived, 3 44 Ad "4 � eutroft.i..84.4.�6- 444......� 07 Are -.,... Ate mits041.14 ow... 7149a444-Astacetai3ii.r .. ArsevtezraiduS #14004irse0Afael '" AVMS ... 44044�1 (bp as4,4 44*Ostio 3. 4. . 5. 6. 7. , 8. 9. 10. 1 ) . _ 12. 13. 14. 15. FORM 610 USE PREVIOUS INTERNAL 3-62 EDITIONS 0 SECRET 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 USE ONLY UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 r 6. 13 UNCLASSIFIED t_la_vni PRIORITY HANDLING SUBJECT: (optional) Harold Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION fl CONFIDENTIAL .0 SECRET FOIA REQUEST REQUEST NUMBER IPS-76-382 FROM: d. Stilson LT-3 EXTENSION 15931 DATE SENT 28 February 1978 SUSPENSE DATE 2 March 1978 TO (Officer designation, room number, and building) 1. -ei.Lc it re b409.0040, ecae4,40:. DATE RECEIVED FORWARDED tiFFICER'S INITIALS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) 3. er' 1 .� ce eote I) G,111/16 O MAR U .1976 22 7. � 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO: H. Stilson dr-3 Please review the attached documents for release to Mr. Weisberg. Bracket in, 1451 that pETt Fel1nLihQ4414, be 4A1.etad ana the Eam proper , . _ _ eiemptif.ta.lax...tb,c4eletwed_. material. Also, please review the material for classification. Downgrade all documents to CONFIDENTIAL where possible. Classification reviews must be done by an officer with TOP SECRET classifying authority. All documents have been stamped with the Classification Review stamp for you to complete. Documents that you agree should be downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL should be stamped with the downgrading stamp. If liaison is being claimed as an exemption for deletions indicate the part that is from liaison and identify the service for me please. Thanks - Helen These documents cover Dr. King. You have already completed the Ray documents. FORM q7u.9 1-75 12] SECRET CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY Li UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 Vf..1.11�-�-Alyt ������PWW,VC�ir 4.1111},Ail�WIE E3 UNCLASSIFIED n INTERNAL I�I USE ONLY 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 SECRET PRIORITY HANDLIN FOIA REQUEST SUBJECT: (Optional) REQUEST NUMBER harold Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION IPS-76-382 FROM: 44 'tilson TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE RECEIVED FORWARDED EXTENSION DATE SENT 2$ February 1978 ,L598 OFFICER'S INITIALS SUSPENSE DATE 2 March 1978 COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) 2, 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO: , PRIORITY HANDLING FORM Q7a9 1-75 u Please review the attached documents for release to Mr. Weisberg, bracket in red that part of the text you believe should be deleted and give the proper FOIA exemption for the deleted material. Also, please review the material for classification. Downgrade all documents to CONFIMINTIAL where possible. Classification reviews must be done by au officer with TOP SLCRET classifying authority. All documents have been stamped with the Classification Review stamp for you to complete. Documents that you agree should be downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL should be stamped with the downgrading stamp. If liaison is being claimed as an exemption for deletions indicate the part that is from liaison and iuentify the service for me please. Thanks - delen These documents cover Dr. King. You have already complet d the Ray documents. FOIA REQUEST SECRET CONFIDENTIAL EltINSTEERIjity El UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 0 UNCLASSIFIED ---T7 INTERNAL 1--1 USE ONLY n CONFIDENTIAL 0 SECRET PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST SUBJECT: (Optional) �ilareld Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION REQUEST NUMBER IPS-76-382 FROM i.Stilson UT-3 EXTENSION 169$ DATE SENT 28 February 1978 SUSPENSE DATE 2 March 1978 TO: (Officer designation, room number, and . poied c DATE malym FORWARDED OFFICERS INITIALS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) 10. 12. RETURN TO; Stilson -�r PRIORITY HANDLING Please review the,attached documents for release to Mr. Weisberg. Iracket in red that part of the text Y'ou believe should be deletea and give the Proper FULA exemption for the deietid Also, please r material �o c .aowAATade all CONAND6NTIAL view the assi ation. cumemp to ere possible. Classification reviews must be dome by an officer with TOP SECRUT classifying authority. All documents have been stamped with the Classification Review stamp for you to compl�te. Documents that you wee should h downgrage4 0 01,J1 �tIEVIAL should be stampe w th the pwmgrading stamp. If liaison is being claimed as an xemptiml ;or drmAL ivaicatj the aart that is trom lfaloon and idefffiF the service for me pleaSe. Thanks - aelen These documents cover Dr. King. You have already completed the Ray documents. FOIA REQUEST FORM Q71.1.9 1-75 0 SECRET 0 CONFIDENTIAL INTERNAL P UNCLASSIFIED _ _ 13-00000 El UNCLASSIFIED 'INTERNAL USE ONLY 0 CONFIDENTIAL El SECRET PRIORITY HANDLIN FOIA REQUEST SUBJECT: (Optional) � harold Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION REQUEST NUMBER IPS-76-382 FROM: it� titilson fiT-$ TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) I. qEfluJ1v'4 DATE RECEIVED FORWARDED EXTENSION 16.91 OFFICERS INITIALS DATE SENT 28 February 1978 SUSPENSE DATE 2 March 1978 COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) 28 F B 1978 2, ct/ nq PA A) 1-. MA 1978 Zit/SU/EXO - MAR 978 6. A 7. MAR Please review the attached documents for release to mr. Woisberg. Bracket in re that part of the text you believe should be deleted and give the proper FOIA exemption for the deleted material. Also, please review the material for classification. Downgrade all documents to CONFIDENTIAL where possible. Classification reviews must be done by an officer with TOP SECRET classifying authority. All documents have ben stamped with the Classification Review stamp for you to complete. Docume that you agree should be downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL should be stamped with the downgrading stamp. If liaison is being claimed as an exemption for deletion indicate the part that is from liaison and identify the service for me please. 8. AA/sTA/Exo M ,..1/R 1973 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO: a. Stilson ai-s PRIORITY HAN:LING Thanks delea These documents cover Dr. King. You have alr ady complet d the Ray documents. FOIA REQUEST FORM q7a9 1-75 El SECRET 0 CONFIDENTIAL USE ONLY ID UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 0 UNCLASSIFIED n INTERNAL"' 1--1 USE ONLY El CONFIDENTIAL El SECRET PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST SUBJECT: (Optional) Harold Waisberg Appeal/LITIGATION REQUEST NUMBER IPS-76-382 FROM: H. Stilson HT-3 EXTENSION 1595 DATE SENT 28 February 1978 SUSPENSE DATE 2 March 1978 TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) 1. p e 49/14y09 � f DATE nawm FORWARDED OFFICER'S INITIALS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO. 1. Coin 131 4- 0?..1 H. Stilson HT-3. PRIORITY HANDLING Please review the attached documents for release to Mr. Weisberg. Bracket in red that part of the text you believe should be deleted and give the proper FOIA exemption for the deleted material. (0()(00 Also, please review the material for classification. Downgrade all documents to CONFIDENTIAL where possible. Classification reviews must be done by an officer with TOP SECRET classifying authority. All documents have been stamped with the Classification Review stamp for you to complete. Documeats that you agree should be downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL should be stamped with the downgrading stamp. If liaison is being claimed as an exemption for deletion; indicate the part that is from liaison and identify the service for me please. Thanks - Helen These documents cover Dr. King. You have already completed the Ray documents. FOIA REQUEST FORM Q71.19 1-75 SECRET ElCONFIDENTIAL iiNsTEERMY El UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 UNCiASSIFIED [1 INTERNAL USE ONLY harola �:Jisberg Appea1/LITIGAMI4 'AL I REQUEST NU:ABER IPS-76-582 FROM: bciiscin TO: (Officer des.c.nn.!on, room number, and building) 1. eis-&R 1,) th44. 2. q ii4roA 1 r--1 . h � TE P.. .1' 0 i EG: WARDED EXUNSION 1S95 OFFICERS INITIALS DATE I.e.6raary 1978 2 Aarcn 1978 neer M.. COMMENTS (Number each comment to show frorr wl,om to whom. Draw a line across column after each corvm,nr 6 5. 3. T0 ii.L,tilsoa ( I.L.viow the nttacned ,oco....nLs for release to r. �eisberg. L:racket in re caat J),Irt of tne text y_52,4 bclievc saculd be deleted, and ;j.ve tile proper FJIA exel4ti(Jn for the deleted Also, please review the .,rtLerial for classificatiol. Jown:,r:_ic all uocu/ae.tts to where possiyle. Classification reviews Adst be uone by an officer witn TJP .;nCR:;T classifying aut_crity. All docualents yecn stanped wita the Ci.s.Afication you to col Docd:ac..t.s' tL, you a.,,ree ye LI.J.:_i_rndc,L1 to C;) ,iIAL sid be sta..A1-,e, ciLA the dowarading sta). If liaison is bein,:, elained as an exec,ptioa fr"Jl_tion indicate the ,:nrt is 1ro.1 liaison ana tae service for .1:: 1se. covor Dr. You have :irea.,:.1y co-;;Ipleted the RL;-/ iii_I� � � �: g 4�1- : 7 3749 5 SECLET [11 ri 1r1=:.9. t_J USE OrLY '` 13-00000 1 . 1. UNCLASSIFIED -� INTERNAL USE ONLY PRIORITY HANDLING SUBJECT: (Optional) uaroi�, A;;i;t:a.i I), CONFIDENTIAL El SECRET FOIA REQUEST REQUEST NUMBER FROM: elk - TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE EXTENSION OFFICER'S INITIALS RECEIVED FORWARDED DATE SENT SUSPE�SE 76 C fliNrulry 107i COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) a- i1d4 2. FE B 1978 3. 5. 6. 7: NA/511/EXO 1 5 FE B 197e 8. 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO: FORM .4749 1-75 " Please review tile attaC've uocuents for releSe to Mr. aeisberg.. 1.iradket la red taat dart of the tiNt you believe shouIu delotd and. live the proper POIA exemption for the delAti-, :Aaterial. �Vise, pLase review the ,ilater for classification. I recoond taat all these ..locameiits be tiowaradeatet ti Classifitati. reviews ,ist be 41one, by 4a ofcor wita $.4C*4:. � cliyi,.autilptitY� All docwleattilalte.:been sta, classification rev I. Zor you to comploto.. DrACuPLS tit you Agree 5-ao,,Al be s-tmpei.;. wlta ;Y:)6A01G staw). If Li.ai5on. is eii.clai as da.eAptioa i,:sentify ,041 ta;AL orti6.a w. U1 A n SECRET El CONFIDENTIAL El USE INTERNAL fl UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 D UNCLASSIFIED SUBJECT: (Optional) Jtarola INTERNAL USE ONLY FROM: EXTENSION 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 SECRET FOIA REQUEST DATE SENT TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) ater.,#4. � 3- - / 7- DATE nawm ^ 4. A1400-771 11-1-3 410 5 FORWARDED � OFFICER'S INITIALS REQUEST NUMBER 7 v 1i7 SUSPENSE D71rE- �-/ L COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) The documents may .not be re Addis Ababa 2200 (IN 9 28 April 1968 identifies th does not pertain to James E Martin Luther King, or any leased. 9685), e source and an Ray or known suspect, accomplice or associate. To release it would violate the privacy of another U.S. persoh. The information contai 1 and 3 of IN 00793, 30 Apr acquired from a liaison sou Nigerian _Special Branch. P identifies a source of inte the information therein doe to JAmes Earl Ray, Martin I Qr,any known suspect, accoff associate. To release the would vitiate the privacy of ned ir paras .1 19t8 Was rce, the aragraph 2 Iligence and s not pertain uther King, p1lce or information another U.S. person. Plaso review c:ue attai docits fur re/ease t6 Ar. of t;lc, you elicyc deicLed fer Als, plese VIUW the f.04 ClaSSii:iC4tiOLi. I rocold t4;4L all COXSC Llouuts bc %Iowl-t%rded CJFIL")ciAL. r v.i w 1.be b/ ofiiccr 1,rit ty All ool:touts b,:cA it f..)r you zo t CSCI 316/01685-68 may not be released 12. since it merely repeats the intormation contained in the two cables above, and t exemptions applied.to,them are equally RETURN TO: (please turn over FORM g74.9 1-75 fl SECRET he. ) 0 CONFIDENTIAL IUNSTEERNA El UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 0- UNCLASSIFIED ri INTERNAL I�I USE ONLY LI CONFIDENTIAL SECRET PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST SUBJECT: (optional) HaT414 Weisberg Appeal REQUEST NUMBER IPS-76-382 FROM: H. Stilson HT-3 � TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) 2. DATE uawm FORWARDED EXTENSION DATE SENT 1595 OFFICER'S INITIALS o ruar) SUSPENSE DATE 14? 107Q COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) Tizek 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO: H. Stilson FORM q7119 1-75 HT-3 Ext. 1595 Please review the attached documents for release to Mr. Weisberg. Bracket in red that part of the text you believe should be deleted and give the proper FOIA exemption for the deleted material. Also, please review the mate7ia for classification. I recommend that all these documents be downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL. Classificati)n reviews must be done by an officer with TOP SECRET classifying authority. All documents have been stam?ed with the classification review stamp for you to complete. Documents that you agree should be stamped with the DOWNGRADING stamp. If Liaison is being claimed as an exemption please identify the service for me. Thanks, Helen These documents only cover that portion of the request concerning JAMES EARL RAY. The King documents will follow. 1:3 SECRET CONFIDENTIAL INTERNA ONLY L El UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 ���� UNCLASSIFIED INTERNAL L--1 USE ONLY fl CONFIDENTIAL El SECRET PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST SUBJECT: (Optional) pew 0.04/ .140%4 erel FROM: EXTENSION REQUEST NUMBER DATE SENT n d446- /97 SUSPENSE g TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE OFFICER'S INITIALS RECEIVED FORWARDED ...61$ 3/ /46--- 17 FEB 2. 1)016----7v/s7/4 2,1 3.7 FE � tAISTAIKKO 21 F 1978 1970 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO. ,/ COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) PRIORITY HANDLING11 FOIA REQUEST FORM q7a9 1-75 w' 0 SECRET El CONFIDENTIAL 0 INTERNALtE ONLY 0 UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 UNCLASSIFIED 0 VITA PRIORITY HANDLING SUBJECT: (01100.101) /ilarold eisberg Appeal 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 SECRET FOIA REQUEST REQUEST NUMBER IPS-76382 FROM: LA.btilsoa EXTENSION DATE SENT SUSPE1SE i)Er UarY � TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) 2. 3 DATE nawm FORWARDED OFFICER'S INITIALS COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) 3. t.ver aloe, ' eat :?ItrFcau�,-4-1 e -431 7. 8. 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO, FORM ,274.9 1-75 mi i. - Please review the attached documents for release to Mr. Weisberg. Bracket in red tnat part of the text you believe should be deleted and give the proper FOIA exemption for the deletd material. Also, please review the maLe71, for classification. I recommend tat all these documents be downgraded to COLOIDENUAL. Classification reviews must be done by an officer with TOP SliCRET classifyik; authority. All documents have been stam-)e wic.1 t:It: classification revl stamp for you to couplete. Jocuments titat you agree should be stamped with the jo!Nr:!RAOING� sta:ap. lf i,iaisnn is heiru; ciai,cted as dAl exemption please i�ientify the service for tr4-;i� The docuents only covGr th.aZ portich of the requot cocernih LAid, RA1.. documets will El SECRET El CONFIDENTIAL INTERNAL El U UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000 UNCLASSIFIED INTERNAL USE ONLY 0 CONFIDENTIAL 0 SECRET PRIORITY HANDLING FOIA REQUEST SUBJECT: (optional) ,iarol ist)er Appeal ' REQUEST NUMBER IP-76-362 FROM: .L,tiisou TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) I. A/Eher 27faimv-t. 3/13 DATE Hamm FORWARDED EXTENSION DATE SENT L.) :J5 OFFICER'S INITIALS y I SUSPENSE D9PErtAcur, � 10 1)7"' COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) 3. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 12. RETURN TO; FORM q74.9 1-75 Please review the attaCnod .documents for release to Mr. oieisberg. Bracket in � red tnat part of the text you believe should be deleted and give the Proper FOIA exemption for the delet,Jd material. � Also, please review the ,iiate7i for classification. recommend that all thOso. documents he aownO�adi41 to COL4FID.BNTIAL. Classificati reviews ,.liust be done by aR officer with TUP SLCRLT classifyin authority. All doeucleats have beeri Stn WI Lu ae classificatio4 rvi stam for you to co!_apiett:;. Docuents Lil Cyou arCe sktoulU be.staived DOGRADIG staap. If Liai3011 is bein as aa exelLiptioa ol-ztase identify the service fr:_lr Than,- ih.Jscz: o;ily t. portioi. LUi� dOCIAAtS Will El SECRET DI CONFIDENTIAL INTERNAL RIANk El UNCLASSIFIED 13-000Q0 11) rj UNCLASSIFIED --LiaglitAt. USE ONLY SUBJECT: (Optional) Harold Weisberg Appeal/LITIGATION fl CONFIDENTIAL Ej SECRET REQUEST NUMBER IPS-76-382 FROM: H. Stilson EXTENSION 1595 DATE SENT 28 February 1978 SUSPENSE DATE 2 March 1978 TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) DATE OFFICER'S INITIALS RECEIVED FORWARDED COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) , 2. q 8-4q0A 3 g/ 42114 1 5. r / 6. 100 7. 8. 9. 10. Please review the attached documents for release to Mr. Weisberg. ,Bracket re that part _of the text you belieye'should. be 'deleted and give_the proper. FOLA exemptican. _far the deleted ma=siefir Also, please review the material for classification. Downgrade all documents to CONFIDENTIAL where possible. Classification reviews must be done by an officer with TOP SECRET classifying authority. All documents have been stamped with the Classification Review stamp for you to complete. Docume that you agree should be downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL should be stamped with the downgrading stamp. If liaison is being claimed as an exemption for deletion indicate the part that is from liaison and identify the service for me please. 12. RETURN TO. FORM q7U.9 1-75 H. Stilson HT-3 SECRET Thanks - Helen These documents cover Dr. King. You have already completed the Ray documents. CONFIDENTIAL D UtTEEROty P UNCLASSIFIED t 13-00000 INTERNAL USE ONLY PRIORITY HANDLING SUBJECT: (Optional) Aarold pleisberg Appe ElI CONFIOINTIAL SECRET FOIA REQUEST FROM: A. Stlison TO: (Officer designation, room number, and building) 1. ,0 e40.- goo,- 9f. 2, DATE nawm mnwamm EXTENSION 1695 OFFICER'S INITIALS DATE SENT SUSPEZSE 19 REQUEST NUMBER D9PE"ar) IPS-776-382 (1 7 Q COMMENTS (Number each comment to show from whom to whom. Draw a line across column after each comment.) pI.$LifJ 5. Doo\ts.sw (p. GIL�, gat.) 034117 6. 7. 1344. 8. 9. 10. (O4 ID Lr 'VIAL Ampk. .1/�) C\Zi) "I" (1))(1) 6.900 03)(6 (1F4-(t 0400-4 12. RETURN TO: FORM 01749 1-75 Please review the attached documents for release to Mr. Weisberg. Bracket in red that part of the text you believe should be deleted and give the proper FOIA exemption for the deletf-;d material. Also, please review the ziate7i:: for classification. I recommend that all these documents be downgraded to CONFIDENTIAL. Classificatio reviews must be done by an officer with TOP SECRET classifying authority. All documents have been staa)e with the classification TOVi: stamp for you to complete. Documents that you a2;ree should be stamped with the DONGRADING stamp. If Liaison is beinj claimecL as an exemption please identify the service for me. 1 i1.11.3.1 K, These documents only c.e.v.r that ...rortion of concerning jAA.. LA.L, RAY.. Tne King documents ii lie. I=1 SECRET CONFIDENTIAL 0 VisTETA El UNCLASSIFIED 13-00000. Mr. Frank Underwood Freedom of Information-Privacy Acts Branch J. Edgar Hoover Building, Room 6958 10th and Pennsylvania Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20535: Attention: Connie Fruitt Gentlemen: In responding to an FOIA litigation from Harold Weisberg (enclosure 1), we have surfaced reference to 46 documents which originated with your agency. Three of these documents are referred by listing only, and either first pages or full text copies of the remaining 43 documents are enclosed. This information is being forwarded to you for review and direct response to the requester. We will advise the requester of this referral in our response, which we expect to complete in the near future. Please note that the documents listed, and those of which just the first pages have been included, have not been reviewed to see if they contain CIA information. In the event that they do, we request that this material be coordin- ated with us before being released to the requester. If you have any questions, please contact Karen Wolfe or Allie Falardeau, 351-5615, and refer to our request F76- 382. Sincerely, .-7-"Ar% - - Gene F. Wilson Information and Privacy Coordinator Enclosures Distribution: 7."(1,47.. UNCLASSIKED When ST-)avYlel Orig - Addse QA.U.a. -. Fr= r.:1cFpire 1 - IPS Chrono 1 - IPS Subject (F-76-382) APPEAL w/attach DDO docs 1 1 - OGC (Launie Ziebell) 441,- DDO/IMS/FPG/AL (Helen Stilson) 13-00000 . UP.pr "1,4, I U. � ,J 4111.rrt-: CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505 TO : Director Federal Bureau of Investigation Attention: S. J. Papich FROM : Deputy Director for Plans ,k-WA SUBJECT: Assassination of Martin Luther King 1. On 3 May 1968, an official Italian Intelligence Service provided this Agency's representative in Rome with(the following information on one James RAY: /- A James RAY, born in Los Angeles on 8 March , f/ 1928 (father's nime_Oliver),,farrived at .....-14v / � San Gimignano, Siena, in March 1955 and registered as �a student at Perugia. In 1956, RAY was confined. at San Gimignano Hospital and in 1957, he was in SantlAntonio de Fiesole Hospital. These confinements were for "osteomyelitical condition causing bone depression in the cranium, on right parietal temple region." RAY returned permanently to the United States in December 1967. 2. The Italian National Police and the Italian Intelligence Service have turned up no other information thus far. -All Italian entry posts have RAY and his aliases on their watchlist. 3. The Federal Bureau of Investigation representa- tive in Rome was advised of the information in paragraphs 1 and 2 above. CSCI 316/01763-68 -__,,,, e 5c/ dtm, 4'512 44: � ����������mr. 'Sr 23"L / 3515 CAL`2P 1 Erzluele: ccr.r...frc���� � � 4 � -43 MAY 16V68 mosaa.Alt _ 13-00000 � .0 MEMORANDUM F(kc---"Drred-�61; , SUBJECT CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY WASHINGTON, D.C. 20505 � 16 MAY 1960 ,r1Pv' Investigation in Japan of Report on Suspicious Actions of Gerald Lee Richards, Originally Described as Resembling Suspected Assassin of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr, Federal Bureau of Investigation Attention: Mr. S.J. Papich 1. Reference is made to the report concerning the above subject made by telephone to Mr. S.J. Papich at 0930 on 17 April 1968. Following is a full account of the investigation made in this case: A. On 16 April 1968 a United States National \if; Maritime Union official in Yokohama reported that one Gerald Lee!RIchards, who bore a general physical resemblance to the description given of the suspected assassin of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. had arrived in Japan about 15 April 1968 and requested a position aboard any ship going anywhere. Richards became agitated when asked for a contact address in Japan and refused to divulge his Japanese residence. The National Maritime Union official describd.e Richards � as 52 10" tall, 155 pounds, with brown hair, a receding hairline on both sides, and a not very prominent scar two and one-half inches long traversing the center forehead, his most outstanding characteristic being a disconcerting, idiotic grin resembling a constant grimace. According to Richards' documents and state- . ments, he was born 8.April 1937, applied for seaman's papers in San Pedro, California, 16 June 1964 and �.' � there as a United States National Maritiltiv' Union member on 21 February 1968 but never shipped o41;:, His Social Security Number is 562-46-5078; his United ' Stat-es-Coat Guard Number Z 2711-782." A 1, ,,1 / qLCC 7/(1 6 6 MAY 2 C19-8-8 REc 1:11. toe 4ita g2.-- Vd, A MAY .22 1966 ri51"--1 �t:mr.-r.2 ��-� EA .10.111119.111�������������. 13-00000 . t�Afrt,"��- B. A subsequent check with the Japanese National Police Agency confirmed the biographic data supplied by the National Maritime Union official. A ward check indicated that Richards originally resided in Japan from 1963 to 1964 and married TAKAYAMA Michiko in 1963. Both Richards and his wife left Japan for the United States in 1964. Richards returned alone to Japan about 15 April 1968. His wife's address in �the United States is listed as 160 Hosoi (phonetic) Street, Carpenteria, California, 93013. C. A photograph of Richards obtained from the Japanese police was shown to the National Maritime Union official and identified by him as the individual in subparagraph lA above who had applied for a seaman's berth. The photograph of Richards bears no apparent resemblance to photographs of suspected assassin James Earl Ray provided by the Federal Bureau of Investigation. 2. The above information has been given to the Legal Attache of the United States Embassy in Tokyo. FOR THE DEPUTY DIRECTOR FOR PLANS: CSCI-316/01774-68 � 2 If. icr MES ANGLE TON � 13-00Q00 ' %now sua-n I iru trmen fitted In) 1 TYPE YEAR NUMBER I/1 DOC. NO. NEW DOCUMENT RECORD (..... jo E , 75 76 7/ 78 - Instructions for Divisions and Staffs: 7. Fill in shaded areas only. 2. Additional comments should be written on back of form. ---st,- DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION (30 CHARACTERS) DAY MONTH YEAR CABLE DISPATCH --s .445 .�. /1 AC 73 REPORT 3 FROM/ORIGINATOR 130 CHARACTERS) s. TO/RECIPIENT (30 CHARACTERS) ........ .t.,-"fr.,4-4- 4 CL ASS WHERE L���� =1. (10 CHARALitit:.) R F ERRED BY (10 CHARACTERS) DDO 7 DO FILE NUMBER 120 CHARACTERS) (...). 1 & -3 4. 473/07-73 5 SUBJECT 180 CHARACTERS) 6 jec.i...Q._ 7 %. '/44 j2etti".44... _ 7� 6 TYPE OF REVIEW IAL DATE OF REVIEW DAY MONTH YEAR 7 Recommendations ,';,, 4',' 4`3V. t , " ,1 � � " � ,,,i, ,. , � Release-, n u ,text E. Sustain initial denial in toto ,B Release sanitized form F. Sustain initial release of C. Deny in o. o .,, _., of sanitized version. , : Defer decision to coordinate with ., G. Release additional information (Specify Line S DOE4':1*.6.1(5.`'*',".6:1'9"Ai'�i4Ai ,4,s0..i511A,t4314,1*-(10,I.,:7:',1 i.�,,�: / . . , , SI GNATUR AND 0 Fl OF REVI EWING OFFICER 9 EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED 140 CHARACTERS) B1 132 B3 B4 B5 136 B7C JI JIB J1C JIE JIF KI 5131 5132 5E)3 5B4 OF FOIA OF PA OF E.O. 11652 Exemptions are being claimed to protect the following: 10 11.01.11 I innen1 ristea in) 13-00Q00 � 1 TYPE � l7M . NUMBER I/1 DOC. NO. ..�� NEW DOCUMENT RECORD F E 75 76 77 78 Instructions for Divisions and Staffs: 7. Fill in shaded areas only. 2. Additional comments should be written on back of form. 2 DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION (30 CHARACTERS) DAY MONTH YEAR CABLE DISPATCH /qt ,./4,v C REPORT 3 FROM/ORIGINATOR (30 CHARACTERS) TO/RECIPIENT (30 CHARACTERS) , em 4 CLASS WHERE LOCATED (10 CHARAL tre,) REFERRED BY (10 CHARACTERS) DDO ? DO FILE NUMBER (20 CHARACTERS) CIC/- 3/4' 00/0a --CF 5 SUBJECT (80 CHARACTERS) 7) (--.77e/V,Sos...1 42-41.7/1 6 TYPE OF REVIEW JAL DATE OF REVIEW DAY MONTH YEAR 7 1,ReCOITTIOncl:a. j101,S: , ' - ' '-' A ele4gd n full txtE. Sustain initial denial in toto , ,4 P Releaesin sitized form,.. )( F. Sustain initial release of ' .. eri�4,1`ir,.1#'otb , of sanitized version To G. Release additional information � :D : eer.,��!4!CIVI::;ij o coordinate'lWr: 0 ,,. ... -,, eCr! .e q 1 �, ,.. 8 1 1:0B15.:(;;Bai8,4:r).:6c11..ca4Zitrci'BAI ');;'r Tn'lli" 42 :,'.4CLASSe .......�)%Ctti : 7 < k 1 ./'�?( 1 � f tr 7 /AV/ :EditWitill),Wrii4`;'6'616-'1AFIA-6 . - i, : ' . ' ' , tt .1 1 SIGNATUR AND OFF E OF REVIEVVING 0 ICER 9 EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED (40 CHARACTERS) B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7C J1 JIB J1C J1E J1F K1 5B1 5E12 5B3 5B4 OF FOIA OF PA OF E.O. 11652 10 Exemptions are being claimed to protect the following: assl-fIes.:tro ,... it� .,,, , nformatioii,.. from- liaison., wr as oreI n ,,, .�,� ,verru40 ii '1,3, I, c . ,4-405,ti4,3,t, nformar!,tronertarn a, ral.So�m� -e.,�..1��:�-�.4.-,-,, � r b , c ., , �-�,: - v - --t�' ,,,241-44-fk. .re1at!onship 4wi.thieaf nt Ver;iimep, 'ziWN nfo rmation which wouldcouiU 0.0,dafri, , q ) � source ' ormat,,ron' pr&a..234rn atsourc:d Jj(414 il. k r' b n �tin-a16m, rtain.tri rritel 1 erice-Ime t b'd1 4'' , ,..,1.1 tt,, A!,,,..?.74;4�,,t Al�.1.4,'..,, 'tyy?41k-lt 9- Oca.-tront :overthg ,hstalula-tron w . .1 Ar.'; 81 Ca'..tro * unac noW e e omes , nsXar "altio J arifet o 'At employee- 15, ;> 0 ,A �,. es.niim -1 '..i) ( JbIL 11 P � :.2 i.r., Nn. ., seudon ).',(3 ....ra 42 13 ,. ,,�!�� � rypton: . 0 1 i;D �,---, . -4�erna: orgarOza`t4ona e. � 4 gs Th): , ' .r 14 anis . ., a e.nt b 7 a' AO . F ' ' Lab n .,(' b4 0 rivacyother A�crn iiv$ ua 14116 .4 � (1 - -,v, � .,.� �+ ....: 17 Does n pertainwtoNit'eques � 18 4,�� ,,I.u.,., . ..,,, ..*:2�1;--4:3,,,t-v�:-.>��0, nfOrmafronfromanother. OVerriftidn aijeqc, ,4i2,' , "HMk-; Sppci,* 1 . REMARKS: ii.;:F:: O't 14 E ABOVE)kiy)11):S,Ci47,..kcitc. " '(4,-6.::p FIXFiW6,;:fr,kkpi, - , 13-00000 Ufli UI_I I trig- trfnen rifled on/ TYPE . .4 ' YEAR NUMBER ', I/1 DOC. NO. NEW DOCUMENT RECORD 1 L"-, 7E 75 76 77 78 Instructions for Divisions and Staffs: 1. Fill in shaded areas only. 2. Additional comments should be written on bock of form. DOCUMENT DESCRIPTION (30 CHARACTERS) DAY MONTH YEAR 7 CABLE DISPATCH ------, � REPORT FROM/ORIGINATOR (30 CHARACTERS) TO/RECIPIENT (30 CHARACTERS) 3 , , �..... t'---4/ 4, (...--.. . 5- ig.,14,- /---- / - CLASS WHERE LOCATED (10 CHARAL. tra) REFERRED By (to CHARACTERS) DDO ? DO FILE NUMBER (20 CHARACTERS) 4 r-6 / SUBJECT (80 CHARACTERS) 5 . - 6 TYPE OF REVIEW I A L DATE OF REVIEW DAY MONTH YEAR 1 'y it", 1 � q� ,,a M4,COMMO a- 10hgv, ,. � '24.4e 1, _,text- T, k E. Sustain initial denial in toto 7 ,: . B Release in hi- .rze - 0 F. Sustain initial release of ,C en t!o 1,,, of sanitized version G. Release additional information ,. : ' egr:f., eci'Sx.oh: 0 ,cObt ln'ar,,j0'0?' - T e(Spctify iritide 4 .; . ,:e.'.6,.':.p):.44.*Ak*,',.447,1,!6,...37.0.614:4H,,WRAN4*, .c4:il ri3a714 , - 4.0 .� , � , " - :,, vi ,, ,.. , ',% .. -, .,, SIGNATUR 0 OFFIC OF REVIEWING OFFIC EXEMPTIONS CLAIMED (40 CHARACTERS) 9 81 82 83 B4 85 B6 B7C J1 JIB J1C JIE J1F KI 581 582 583 584 OF FOIA OF PA OF E.O. 11652 Exemptions are being claimed to protect the following: g , t�i 4gsSit,Ica-qon 10 1 Fl.,_ � nfOrmgtaion. ,rom 1dISOyr ,w ,,1, OvertMen: ..'A: , j� . C, ,OreIgn, ---&�',,,'',3,P. ?:: - -"' � : .-i,T-`14:7'6,, ' - --,-4-, ", . hformatIoh. pertaining 64dtliaison ' " '--..''.�,.& - tc, ;." ...k, :, �:.1 elatioriS .4 w oreaf nl, vernben 6, . oirptatIonwhih would/:6U i eArt* b) 1 (j) ureeo ,. Of6"rmatiCm e,aamln c source � , " 1 , -,.,,,!11: ,,s.1.,..r-,7 . !',-.T-1`,'-- W, ,,. la. .. , _ n-orMat0h pertaining In '.-e 'af enceM4461d oo- 4,e- ,:i � !r.:A404,� ' , c4tIon 07,4p401 at-lort i. 14 lir' 10 44.F;,i� �1:04k�PAIA--1 ' ' .4* A,179! - ....i. Og,i0n* '0,. gnaIlL c owfle, q0 orffes-xP. A j) (lx) 01. installations, e of CIA employee 21 9 ,- , ., -Ile nUM 6 14: (e 1 i: seu on f 14) '4 ,, 4. v 1 , r ton a , , .4 -ern4,,pr anfttpna.- 4 -,. 1 k e .. ," 14 Name*, .,,,,i:.#en 4t C. ULY . 05) _ ..,_.., ..e., , � file ifUltib . 1.� 4; .. , ci'ilia-c,other, 11. WI, 1.1. B. ,6, 1; f , 6'.t.'Att' t Pi '�� (50:::41 erk,anni'426 rei'Ueg tt jv n-prma- fon r 6 er oVernMen 4 OA ''' � ki-.% ,,:4r, , 19 er. bet, Atie: � . iL..., :;REMARKS...(VrftOTH'ER411AVCH'ECktb,Alibvt Ac4o'OgikWkttt:k-giStlf