CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN - 1959/01/09

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: Current/Central Intelligence Bulletin Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 03000018
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 24
• Document Creation Date: February 25, 2020
• Document Release Date: February 27, 2020
• Publication Date: January 9, 1959

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9 January 1959
Copy No. C 63
CENTRAL
INTELLIGENCE
BULLETIN'
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1.11001
9 JANUARY 1959
I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
Geneva - Mikoyan warns agreement
on nuclear test cessation impossible
if US insists on majority voting in
proposed control commission.
II. ASIA-AFRICA
Laos - Despite threatening moves by
Communist-dominated opposition, pre-
mier proceeding with plan to demand
full government powers. 0 A
Iraq - Communications minister says
he and ether cabinet ministers now
convinced Prime Minister Qasim is a
Communist.
Food crops in Jordan and Israel threat-
ened by drought and locusts.
Tribal dissidence apparently continu-
ing in Morocco despite government's
claim that tribesmen are responding
to King's ultimatum.
0 Arms shipment received by Moroccan
Army may reach Algerian rebels.
0 Belgian Congo - Leopoldville outwardly
calm after three days of rioting.
0 Thailand - Marshal Sarit's condition
precludes effective guidance to sub-
ordinates.
Philippine attitude hardening in base
talks with US.
III. THE WEST
France - New Premier Debra can be
expected to be critical of US policies.
Haiti - Castro victory in Cuba may
threaten position of President Duvalier.
Cuba - Signs of feeling against US in
Cuba; government policies being held
in abeyance pending decision by Castro.
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
9 January 1959
DAILY BRIEF
I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
Geneva talks: l(ikoyan, speaking with Secretary
Dulles on 5 January, questioned the desire of the United
States to reach agreement on nuclear test cessation and
warned that such agreement would be impossible if the
2-' United States continued to insist on majority voting in the
proposed control commission-4 The nuclear test talks re-
convened in Geneva on 5 January with a gloomy forecast
by the Soviet delegate in view of the West's refusal to ac-
cept Soviet demands for a permanent and unconditional
agreement. Soviet propaganda has charged that the intro-
duction by the US of new information on the difficulties of
detecting underground nuclear explosions is a further move
to prevent agreement. ;Page 1)
II. ASIA-AFRICA
Laos: The Communist-dominated Neo Lao Hak Zat is
organizing public protests against the threatened rightist
take-over, while taking measures to guard against govern-
ment repression, which reportedly include plans to return
to dissident activity. Prime Minister Phoui is nevertheless
proceeding with plans to present the National Assembly with
a request for full government powers shorty3
(Page 3) (Map)
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*Iraq: Eraqi Communications Minister Baba All has stated
that he and other cabinet members now are convinced that
Prime Minister Qasim is a Communist. Baba Ali, himself
of Kurdish extraction, has urged that the United States attemp
0 to counter Communist influence in Iraq either by assisting a
Kurdish revolt with Iran as a base or by a public rapproche-
ment with Nasir. He is particularly concerned that Qasim will
arm the Communist-dominated Popular Resistance Forc.0
other cabinet mem-
bers, particularly Foreign Minister Jumard, are again consid
ering attempting to resign. Jumard claims they have been
holding their twists in order to leave no room for Communist
aPpointees71,
Middle East drought: f For the second consecutive year,
severe drought and locusts seriously threaten�food crops in
Jordan and Israel. Both governments have requested the U
to supply foodstuffs in the very near future. Yemen is also
undergoing food shortages as the result of droughig
(Page 4)
Morocco: LThe situation in the principal areas of Berber
tribal dissidence apparently continues unresolved despite gov
ernment claims that the tribesmen are responding to King
Mohamed V's 48-hour ultimatum of 5 January ordering them
to submit to central authority. Berber tribes in the High Atlas
region south and east of the southern Moroccan city of Mar-
rakech now are also reportedly becoming increasingly restiy2
(Page 5) (Map)
North Africa - Czech arms: he arms and ammunition
hich arrived at Casablanca reportedly from
Czechoslovakia, have been received by the Moroccan Army
Some or all of these arms may find their way to the Algerian
rebels.
9 Jan 59
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Belgian Congo: Belgian security forces have re-estab-
lished order, and Leopoldville is outwardly calm after three
days of rioting. Some Congolese leaders have been arrested.
Accra, Cairo, and Moscow view the riots as springing out of
African desire for independence, while the Belgian press pri-
marilv blames economic conditions for the rioting.
Thailand:
Lt. General Prape, who is considered pro-
West, is the most likely successor to Sarit as the real powl
in Thailand2 (Page 8)
Philippines: Ambassador Bohlen notes an increasing trend
In Philippine official thinking toward a re-orientation of for-
eign policy away from the US and closer to the islands' Asian
neighbors. This nationalistic feeling has been evidenced by
a hardening Philippine attitude in base talks with the US.
(Page 9)
III. THE WEST
*France: lew Premier Michel Debrd, an ardent Gaullist
is critical of US policies which he regards as frustrating
� France's claims to great-power statull The new cabinet,
c co-
posed mostly of holdovers, includiniThe minister of foreign
affairs, is expected to follow very closely the policy and ad-
ministrative framework De Gaulle has outlined in recent de-
crees. (Page 10)
Haiti: The victory of Fidel Castro in Cuba may weaken
further the position of Haitian President Duvalier. Disaffec-
tion in his armed forces is growing and the economy continues
9 Jan 59
DAILY BRIEF
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to deteriorate. Duvalier has maintained an unfriendly at-
titude toward the Cuban rebel movement. Haitian opposition
figures, several of whom are pro-Castro, may seek Cuban
aid in ousting the President. (Page 12)
Cuba: T. _n the formative stage of the Castro- Urrutia gov-
ernment, there are signs of feeling against the United States
Government. However} major government policies are being
held in abeyance pending decisions by Castro, who only arrived
in Havana on 8 January. (Page 13)
9 Jan 59
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L THE COMMUNIST BLOC
USSR--Geneva Talks
With resumption on 5 January of negotiations at Geneva
for an agreement on cessation of nuclear tests, Moscow re-
verted to its insistence on a Western commitment to a per-
manent unconditional agreement before further discussion of
the details of the proposed control system. On 6 January,
the Soviet delegate to the talks took issue with four specific
Western positions: insisting upon majority rule in the com-
mission; linking extension of a one-year test suspension with
progress in other areas of disarmament; giving any party the
right to denounce the agreement when violated by another; and
international staffing of control posts to minimize use of na-
tionals of the host state. At the 7 January session he insisted
on postponing discussion of any other issues until the question
of duration of the treaty is resolved,
gaeaking with Secretary Dulles on 5 January, Soviet Dep-
uty Premier Mikoyan questioned the desire of the United States
to reach agreement on nuclear test cessation and warned that
such agreement would be impossible if the United States con-
tinued to insist on majority voting in the proposed control com-
mission. At a private dinner on the same day, Mikoyan stated
that the USSR would not give up the veto on such a commission,
since decisions would be meaningless if they were not unan-
imous:1
Moscow has charged that the new technical information
introduced by the United States delegate on 5 January with re-
gard to the difficulties of detecting underground explosions
was a further Western effort to prevent agreement. Soviet
delegate Tsarapkin rejected a Western request for a three-
power study of this problem, maintaining that the establishment
of such a study would undermine the entire basis on which the
conference was organized, I. e., the conclusions and recommen-
dations of the Geneva conference of experts.
Moscow's renewed emphasis in the negotiations on its ob-
jections to the Western stand on duration and the link to other
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disarmament measures probably reflects the concern of the
Soviet leadership over the possibility of a stalemate on the
sole issue of Soviet insistence on veto rights in the control
commission.
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Provinces where Vietnamese
refugees are concentrated.
9 JANUARY 19 59
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IL ASIA-AFRICA
Laotian Communists Antiiipate Government'Suppression
os' Communist-dominated Neo Lao Hak Zat (NLHZ) is
organizing public protests against the long-rumored take-over
of full governmental powers by right-wing elements, while
taking urgent measures to guard against repression. NLHZ
leaders and sympathizers in Sam Neua and Xieng Khouang
provinces continue their exodus to the North Vietnamese bor-
der.
In early Novem-
ber, NLHZ leader Nouhak reportedly ordered partisans with-
out specific assignments to proceed to concentration points in
North Vietnam and organize propaganda and terrorist opera-
tions to destroy confidence in the Laotian Government. In
addition, the former Pathet Lao battalion on the Plaines des
Jarres is threatening to return to active dissidence and is re-
portedly evacuating arms to an unidentified bas.211
FNLHZ chief Souphannouvong is said to have told Prime
Minister Phoui Sananikone that North Vietnam's current mil-
itary pressures on Laos, together with highly publicized charges
of Laotian military encroachments on North Vietnamese terri-
tory are a reaction to reports that the NLHZ is to be suppressed.
In this connection, there have been three new
penetrations of Laos central and southeastern borders, although
the three Viet Minh outposts initially established have been with-
drawn. Souphannouvong said that both the NLHZ and North
Vietnam wished to see the International Control Commission
reactivated in La2_sl
Phoui is nevertheless proceeding with plans to present the
National Assembly with a request for full governmental powers at
an early date. He hones to obtain these powers without recourse
to military for..29
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MOROCCO
CANARY ISLANDS
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PRINCIPAL AREAS OF BERBER
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Middle East Drought
ff/idespread drought for the second consecutive year threat-
ens to bring disaster to Jordanian agriculture. Winter-wheat
crops have been seriously affected, andJordan's crop potential.
for 1958-59, even if rain falls now, is estimated at 80,000 tons
in contrast with 242,000 tons produced during the last normal
crop year of 1955-56. Further aggravating the situation is the
lack of fodder for herds, which are decreasing below basic breed-
ing levels. Export blockades of livestock to Jordan by Syria
and Iraq have resulted in a perennial meat shortage. The Jor-
danian prime minister has requested the United States to pro-
vide "not less than 50,000 tons" of wheat in the near future--
10,000 tons immediately. An additional request has been made
for 40,000 tons of livestock feed. Assistance to finance work
relief which would provide 50,000 jobs is also desirV
as. rael, where the situation is somewhat less serious, has
had almost no rain since last February, and crops sown in the
southern part of the country must be considered lost, according
to the Ministry of Agriculture. Unless the situation radically
changes within the next few weeks, crops will be smaller than
last year's poor production. The water table has been so low-
ered by the protracted dryness that there will be insufficient
water for irrigation. Israel has requested wheat shipment
Large swarms of locusts in Israel, as well as Jordan, are
an additional menace to agricultural production. However, it
appears that crop losses from this source have been moderat927
An estimated 90 percent of the population of Yemen is said
to be faced with severe famine or starvation as the result of
drought which has cut crop production to one third of normal.
A Yemeni -Government representative in Aden has stated that
9n nnn filnerif itheat will he neerlerl within the next four months -7
-CriTIPIDEN-Thk-b
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Situation in Morocco
riwailable evidence does not appear to justify Moroccan
Government claims publicized on 7 and 8 January that dis-
sident Berber tribesmen in northern Morocco are responding
in large numbers to King Mohamed V's 5 January ultimatum
ordering them to submit to government authority and return
to their homes within 48 hours. Their virtual rebellion is
still directed primarily against the Arab/urban-dominated
Istiqlal party, which has been the principal force behind Mo-
roccan governments since the country regained its independ-
ence two years ago. However, they are unlikely to accede to
the King's directive unless they receive firmer assurances
than they have apparently been offered thus far that at least
some of their principal demands will be satisfied. These in-
clude the installation of local inhabitants in local government
posts, more adequate representation in the central government,
greater local autonomy, and measures to relieve the area's
depressed economic conditions.:)
1.oyal Army elements in northern Morocco continue to be
reinforced and redeployed, but they have apparently not yet
attempted to force the re-establishment of contact by land with
the garrison at the Mediterranean port city of Alhucemas--
reported encircled by armed Berber partisans as of 7 Janu-
ary--nor to move against the dissidents' Middle Atlas strong-
hold near Fez. A clash on 6 January between army forces
based at Alhucemas and the dissidents, which reportedly re-
sulted in over 100 casualties, may have reinforced the King's
reluctance to order an all-out drive by the army despite his
recent implicit threat to take such action. American repre-
sentatives in Rabat reported on 7 January that the troop move-
ments in progress as of that time appeared designed primarily
to secure control of the main lines of communication in the
affected regions and to isolate the Middle Atlas from the Ril�
not to penetrate difficult mountain terrain where the defiant
Berber elements are ensconced. The American Army attach�
continues to believe that the Royal Army is almost certain to
be decimated by desertions if ordered to suppress the dissi-
dents and could not in any case cope with a general Berber up-
rising)
(Meanwhile, the attach�eports that other Berber
tribes residing in the traditionally turbulent High Atlas region
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tiouth and east of Marrakech, in southern Morocco are also
becoming increasingly restivq
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Czech Arms Reported Received by Moroccans May,
Be for Algerian Rebels
ae shipment of military materiel, reportedly from Czech-
oslovakia, which arrived at Casablanca aboard a German vessel
on 2 January, has been taken over by the Moroccan Army, the
consignee, Part or all of the
shipment, which may include as much as NO tons of rifles,
submachine guns, pistols, and ammunition, may be intended
ultimately for the Algerian rebels.
the materiel had been ordered by the former Bala-
frej government for the Royal Army four months ago. However,
there had been no indications--despite French delays in provid-
ing Morocco with promised ammunition supplies and French
pressure on Italy not to furnish munitions to the Rabat govern-
ment�that the Moroccans had decided to seek arms for them-
selves from Communist sources. Furthermore, the conclusion
that the recent shipment is really destined for the rebels is sup-
ported by reports indicating that Morocco has become the prin-
cipal staging area for the movement of FLN troops and supplies
into Algeria since the French have strengthened their barrier
along the Algerian-Tunisian border. The new Ibrahim govern-
ment in Morocco is almost certainly more willing than was its
predecessor to facilitate this rebel traffic.]
[The vessel which transported the materiel is known to have
called at a Polish port.
a "test" shipment of disguised Czech arms
made almost two years ago to the Algerians under Egyptian aus-
pices was transported from Poland aboard a Polish vessel to
Alexandria and transferred to a chartered Spanish bottom be-
fore being confiscated by Spanish official-9
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Leadership Vacuum in Thailand
Ukserious leadership vacuum is developing in Thailand
lbile his juniors in the ruling military group seem fully
aware of Sarit's inability to discharge his responsibilities, they
are apparently reluctant to take over at this juncture. They are
probably deterred chiefly by the fear that Sarit, in one of his
rare moments of effectiveness, might suddenly turn on them.
The lesson of Sarit's summary execution during the past few
weeks of a number of Chinese accused of arson has doubtless
not been lost on his military followersg
Ciarit would most likely be succeeded initially by a duum-
virate composed of former Premier Thanom and former In-
terior Minister Prapat, two army generals considered to rank
just behind Sarit in the ruling hierarchy. Prapat, as the more
dynamic of the two, probably would gradually take charge, al-
though he might continue to operate with the widely respected
but ineffectual Thanom as a front man
(Meanwhile, the situation in Thailand will continue to drift,
with the problems left in the wake of Sarit's overthrow of the
constitution last October still unsolv!_91.
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Developing Philippine Nationalism
ambassador Bohlen notes increasing sentiment among
Philippine officials for a modification of present Philippine for-
eign policy in the direction of less dependence on the United
States. Filipinos have criticized the level of American mil-
itary and economic aid in the light of what they regard as their
"special relationship" with the United States. Growing nation-
alist feeling has also been evidenced by a hardened Philippine
attitude in talks concerning American bases. Foreign Affairs
Secretary Serrano recently declared that a "redefinition of
the Philippine-American mutual defense concept" would be an
immediate Philippine policy target in 1959. In part this trend
stems from frustration over an unsatisfactory domestic polit-
ical and economic situationp
Recently heightened interest in developing closer economic
and political ties with neighboring Asian countries appears to
be a manifestation of this growing nationalist sentiment. The
goal of greater regional cooperation was heavily emphasized
in the joint communiqu�ssued on 6 January by President
Garcia and visiting Malayan Prime Minister Rahman. Within
the framework of a strongly anti-Communist approach, Garcia
discussed the same theme in a major foreign policy address in
December, and he is said to be looking particularly to closer
economic cooperation with Japan_.)
eFhe increased momentum toward a "Filipino First" out-
look is not at this stage indicative of a desire for a major policy
shift, but it may foreshadow further strains in Philippine-
American relatior.9
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III. THE WEST
The New French Cabinet
Premier Michel Debra's cabinet reflects the strong rightist-,
nationalist orientation of the new National Assembly. It includes
most of the leading personalities of the Soustelle-sparked Union
for a New Republic (UNR), which won the largest bloc of deputies
in the October elections. Most of the members are holdovers
from the government formed by De Gaulle last June.
The key posts of foreign affairs and defense went to non-
political "technicians," an arrangement which permits De Gaulle
to exercise close control over those areas in which the new con-
stitution and recent decrees give him special powers. The Min-
istry of the Interior, which had been sought by Soustelle, also was
placed in the hands of a technician. Attachment of Soustelle to
the office of the premier, however, may somewhat mollify his
integrationist supporters among the European settlers in Algeria,
who hoped he would be premier.
Though the Socialists are absent, intending to go into "con-
structive opposition," the rightist weight of Debra and the UNR
will be tempered both by the presence of the Popular Republicans
and by De Gaulle himself, who has already laid down the guide-
lines of French domestic and external policy and who is expected
to play an active role in his new position as President. Further-
more, at least 50 UNR deputies can be considered leftist in their
social and economic views.
The combination of Debra as premier and De Gaulle as Pres-
ident should provide France with an effective executive team. The
two men hold similar views on most questions. De Gaulle may
occasionally use the outspoken Debra to set up extreme positions
for bargaining purposes. The most immediately urgent problem
facing the government will be the implementation of the austerity
program announced on 28 December. The program initially
aroused hostility in working-class and trade-union circles, and
the discontent has spread to Finance Minister Pinay's Independ-
ent party as well.
Debra, a 47-year-old lawyer, won prominence by his strong
nationalist stand in the Council of the Republic, where he was a
leading Gaullist spokesman from 1948 until De Gaulle appointed
GONFIDENTIA-L--
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him minister of justice last June. He has firm ideas about
asserting the authority of the executive vis-a-vis Parliament,
a view reflected in the new constitution, which is largely his
handiwork.
Debreis excessive nationalism has been frequently appar-
ent in the critical attitude he has taken on American policies
which he considers inimical to France's international prestige.
He is similarly outspoken in his opposition to submerging
French sovereignty in European integration projects and is
insistent on holding Algeria at all costs, rejecting the federal-
type solution De Gaulle is presumed to consider acceptable.
His sincere attachment to De Gaulle is expected to limit any
early overt friction between them. Nevertheless, his strong
personality and stubborn attitudes on controversial interna-
tional issues may eventually lead to policy differences with
De Gaulle.
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Haitian President Concerned Over Castro Victory in Cuba
The victory of Fidel Castro in Cuba may further weaken the
regime of Haitian President Duvalier. Many of Duvalier's polit-
ical opponents and the majority of Haitian Army officers are pro-
Castro,
The followers of Haitian opposition lead-
ers Louis Dejoie and Clement Jumelle are said to be in regular
contact with a "Castro coordinator" in Port-au-Prince.
the
government's fear that opposition elements supported by Castro
might infiltrate or even invade Haiti.
Duvalier is now caught between Dominican dictator Trujillo,
who has long been hostile to Duvalier despite a declaration of mu-
tual friendship on 22 December, and the pro-Castro Haitian oppo-
sition. Any attempt by Duvalier to form a bloc with Trujillo
against Castro might serve only to precipitate action against
him as well as against Trujillo, whom the new Cuban Government
has publicly assailed for his dictatorial government and for har-
boring fallen Cuban President Batista.
Duvalier's position is further complicated by growing dis-
affection in his armed forces and by the continued deterioration
of the economy. His efforts to neutralize the regular armed
forces by purging officers whose loyalty he suspects and to le-
galize his armed secret police have already inspired plotting
within the military. Commercial and business groups are re-
sentful of Duvalier's arbitrary and often misguided measures to
bolster the failing economy.
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The Situation in Cuba
The arrival of Fidel Castro in Havana on 8 January, after
his triumphal progress from Oriente Province, will assist the
regime of Provisional President Urrutia in its efforts to form a
workable government. Numerous decisions on governmental
policy, on military reorganization, and on relations among com-
peting rebel groups had awaited his arrival. alpanwhile, there
are some signs of feeling against the US Government among
members of the new regime and a general desire to speed the
"Cubanization" of foreign-owned industries, particularly sugar
plantations. At present, about 50 percent of total sugar invest-
ment in Cuba is US capital. The percentage has been declining
for some yearsi
The US Army attach�ound Camp Colombia, Cuba's chief
military base near Havana, completely disorganized on 7 Jan-
uary. The army is undergoing a thorough purge of all officers
guilty of "crimes" under Batista, and at least 15 are reported
already to have been executed. Even the capable Colonel Bar-
quin and other professional officers associated with him in the
1956 attempt to oust Batista have apparently been retired. Of-
ficers of the 26 of July Movement in Havana told the attach�
that the highest army rank will be major and that present officers
of higher rank permitted to remain in service will have to accept
demotions. Many rebel soldiers are expected to be integrated
into the armed forces. These drastic measures may well, in
the long run, create a core of embittered former career officers
dangerous to the regime.
Fidel Castro, who is slated to head the armed forces, is
quoted as belittling the value of the US Military Mission to the
Cuban Army under Batista and claiming that it is no longer
needed. He has also indicated, however, that the government
will not establish diplomatic relations with Sino-Soviet bloc gov-
ernments, or any other dictatorships.
SECRET
9 Jan 59 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
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CONFIDENTIAL
THE PRESIDENT
The Vice President
Executive Offices of the White House
Special Assistant for National Security Affairs
Scientific Adviser to the President
Director of the Budget
Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization
Special Assistant for Security Operations Coordination
Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities
Special Assistant for Foreign Economic Policy
Special Adviser to the President
The Treasury Department
The Secretary of the Treasury
The Department of State
The Secretary of State
The Under Secretary of State
The Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs
The Deputy Under Secretary for Political Affairs
The Deputy Under Secretary for Administration
The Counselor
Director, International Cooperation Administration
The Director of Intelligence and Research
The Department of Defense
The Secretary of Defense
The Deputy Secretary of Defense
The Secretary of the Army
The Secretary of the Navy
The Secretary of the Air Force
The Chairman, The Joint Chiefs of Staff
Commandant, United States Marine Corps
The Director, The Joint Staff
Chief of Staff, United States Army
Chief of Naval Operations, United States Navy
Chief of Staff, United States Air Force
Assistant to Secretary of Defense for Special Operations
Director for Intelligence, The Joint Staff
Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of the Army
Director of Naval Intelligence, Department of the Navy
Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Department of the Air Force
Supreme Allied Commander, Europe
Commander in Chief, Pacific
The Department of the Interior
The Secretary of the Interior
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Director
Atomic Energy Commission
The Chairman
National Security Agency
The Director
National Indications Center
The Director
United States Information Agency
The Director
CONFIDENTIAL
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Approved for Release: 2020/02/21 C03000018
TOr SECRET
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