CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN - 1959/03/02

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Keywords: 2018 Sanitization
• Collection: Current/Central Intelligence Bulletin Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 03023203
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: February 25, 2020
• Document Release Date: February 27, 2020
• Publication Date: March 2, 1959

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2 March 1959
Copy No. C
CENTRAL
63
3.5(c)
3.3(h)(2)
IYTELLIGENCE
BULLETIN
DOCUMENT NO.
NO CHANGE IN C,LASS.
: DECLASSIFIED
NEXT REVIEW DATE:
CLASS. CHANGED TO: T's S C
DAAuTTIEV H
-TOP-SECRET-
REVIEWER:
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2 MARCH 1959
1. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
Khrushchev to negotiate, but not sign,
separate peace treaty with East Ger-
many this week.
Moscow denounces US action in search-
ing Soviet trawler.
Peiping may adopt new policy line in
effort to "isolate" US.
II. ASIA-AFRICA
Iraq - Political tension apparently in-
creasing; Communists call for "firmer"
treatment of conspirators.
Iran considers denouncing two offen-
sive articles of 1921 treaty with USSR.
South Vietnam returning captured Chi-
nese fishermen to Paracel Islands,
South Korea - Government planning in-
timidation and bribery to ensure 1960
election victory.
India and Pakistan cut defense expend-
itures.
,
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III. THE WEST
()West German Social Democratic del-
egation to visit Moscow.
O' Greece to discuss revival of Balkan Pact
with Tito today.
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CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
2 March 1959
DAILY BRIEF
I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
USSR- East Germany: Khrushchev's visit to Berlin and
Leipzig this week will probably feature discussions on a sep-
arate Soviet-East German peace treaty. Moscow would hope
to use such discussions to increase pressure on the West for
summit talks on a treaty with both German states. The Soviet
press attache in East Berlin, who has been used in the past to
plant information, has stated that a separate treaty would be
negotiated but not signed during Khrushchev's visit.
Page 1)
USSR: A Soviet Foreign Ministry official denied to the
AmeFicari charge on 28 February that the trawler operating
near Newfoundland was engaged in any actions which could have
damaged the trans-Atlantic cables. He charged that there was,
therefore, no basis for the US action in searching the trawler
and that the United States had staged the trawler incident as a
pretext for a hostile press campaign against the USSR. Moscow
Radio has denounced the search party boarding as a "premed-
itated act of provocation" designed to intensify the cold war and
Communist China: Peiping s policy for 19b3 is to re
from annoying Britain and ttactiveiv fn try to make friends"
nited States
the offshore islands and
e "liberated" for a "considerable time."
Hong Kong's
cators of
Communist newspapers have .een air y re
new policy lines coming from the mainlanc3
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II. ASIA-AFRICA
Iraq: Political tension appears to be increasing in
Baghdad. A Communist newspaper on 27 February called
for "firmer" treatment of conspirators and, specifically,
for a purge of officials in Mosul province, in northern Iraq.
Mosul is a stronghold of pro-UAR activity, and leaders of
army units in northern Iraq appear to be those most dissat-
isfied with the Qasim regime.
"hostile ac-
tivities" had increased near the eastern border and within
Iran. (Page 2)
Iran-USSR: The Iranian Government, in the face of
Soviet propaganda attacks, is considering a formal denun-
ciation of the 1921 treaty's Articles Five and Six, under which
the USSR could claim the right to move troops into Iran.
(Page 3)
South Vietnam - Communist China: aouth Vietnam has
released the 82- Chinese Communist fishermen seized on
Duncan Island in the Paracel Islands on 22 February. If Sa -
gon does not give the incident further publicity, Peiping will
probably limit its reaction to propaganda emphasizing the tra-
racels
-
01-
South Korea: tile newigouth Korean public information
office director, Chon Song-chon, is planning a massive cam-
paign to ensure victory for the Rhee administration in the 1960
presidential election,
Opposition journalists are to be
intimidated by threats to apply the newly revised National
Security Law and tempted by bribes to switch sides, while
lavish use is to be made of every public information media
which the government can control or influence. A campaign
of this kind seems likely to add to the bitter tensions already
existing in South Korea]
(Page 4)
2 Mar 59
DAILY BRIEF
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India-Pakistan: India's decision to reduce defense services
expenditures by 12.7 percent--from $584,106,440 to $509,638,000--
in New Delhi's 1959-60 budget follows recent Pakistani defense
cuts and should advance the recent improvement in relations be-
tween India and Pakistan. Karachi recently decided to cancel
the planned purchase of three submal-inpR to Reran its only
cruiser, and to cut defense imports.
III. THE WEST
West Germany - The Bloc: The opposition Social Democratic
party will send a delegation to Moscow, Warsaw,and Prague be-
ginning 10 May. Party Chairman 011enhauer is extremely pes-
simistic over the Berlin situation and feels the only hope is for
the United States and USSR to reach an agreement on Germany's
4�4. �1'1,-1 1-n+114.--1-han nal"( PlcP will fall into place."
Greece -Yugoslavia: Cgreek Premier Karamanlis intends to
discuss the revival of the Balkan Pact at his 2 March meeting with
Tito on the island of Rhodes. Belgrade currently desires to de-
emphasize the military aspects of the pact in order not to provid
propaganda ammunition to the bloc but would probabl be willing
to expand the pact's cultural and economic aspectN
age 5)
2 Mar 59
DAILY BRIEF lii
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I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
USSR- East Germany
Khrushchev, during his visit to Berlin and Leipzig this
week, will probably seek to use discussion on a separate peace
treaty with East Germany to increase pressure for East-West
summit talks on a peace treaty with both German states. The
Soviet press attach�n East Berlin, an official who is some-
times used to plant information, has stated that a separate treaty
would be negotiated but not signed during Khrushchev's visit.
The East German news agency has reported that Ambassa-
dor Pervukhin on 1 March discussed the question of a peace
treaty and the Berlin problem with Ulbricht and Grotewohl. The
Kremlin has warned repeatedly since early February that it
would conclude a separate treaty with the East German regime
if no agreement were reached with the West on a treaty with the
two Germanys. First Deputy Premier Mikoyan declared on 26
February that "if the Western powers will not conclude a peace
treaty with Germany, which would also solve the question of
West Berlin as a free city," the Soviet Union and other coun-
tries "will be compelled to sign a peace treaty" with East Ger-
many.
While in Germany, Khrushchev will probably also discuss
the transfer of Soviet quadripartite responsibilities in Berlin to
the East Germans, particularly control over Allied military ac-
cess to West Berlin,
CONFIDENTIAL
2 Mar 59
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 1
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Nkeire
IL ASIA-AFRICA
Iraqi Situation
Political tension appears to be increasing in Baghdad,. A
Communist newspaper on 27 February published a demand that
the government act more firmly against conspirators generally
and specifically against "fewialist" elements in Mosul province,
in northern Iraq, which has been a stronghold of pro-UAR senti-
ment. The paper printed a petition alleged to represent the de-
sires of the Mosul "masses," which calls for a purge of local
government officials, action to protect "honorable nationalists"
from attack by elements "misguided" by foreign intelligence
agents, and investigation of the "suspicious contacts" in the UAR
maintained by antigovernment elements. This is the first time
the Communists have openly admitted their troubles in the Mosul
area, and publication at this time of a demand for action against
anti-Qasim elements there apparently is a result of new inci-
dents of violence against the Mosul Communists. The demand,
however, may also be based on a concern that, unless pro-UAR
influence in Mosul province is diminished soon,the area might
become a base for dissident movements. (
Official concern over possible initiation of such movements
frnm Tran
"hostile activities" have increased near the
eastern border and within Iran, and instructs the divisions to in-
crease their surveillance of the Iranian border.
Communist activity meanwhile is proceeding as usual. The
command of the Communist-infiltrated Popular Resistance Force
(PRF). which Qasim in January seemed ready to render innocuous,
has announced that further training of units will take place in
Baghdad in mid-March, and that new training programs are to
be instituted on 7 March at Basra--already a center of PRF ac-
tivity--and Mosul. In the economic field, the American embassy
reports that Communist infiltration of the government-owned
Daura oil refinery near Baghdad has reached a point where a
Communist takeover from the American manager is threatened.
Even the UAR oil technicians, brought in after the revolution last
July have refused to work at the refinery under the conditions
created by the Communists.
2 Mar 59 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
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Iran Considers Denouncing Parts of Soviet Treaty
A high-ranking Iranian Foreign Ministry official has con-
firmed earlier press reports that the Iranian Government is
considering formal denunciation of Articles Five and Six of
the 1921 treaty with the USSR. The official said a final deci-
sion is expected in about one week.
Under these articles the USSR could claim the right to
advance troops into Iran in the event third countries "intend
to pursue a policy of transgression in Persian territory or to
make Persian territory a base for military attacks against
Russia." Late in 1921, an exchange of notes acknowledged that
Articles Five and Six referred to partisans of the Czarist re-
gime and its supporters in foreign countries.
During the recent unsuccessful negotiations for a nonag-
gression pact, which later prompted bitter attacks on the Shah,
the Iranian representatives held that this treaty no longer ap-
plied, but the Soviet delegation insisted on its continued valid-
ity.
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South Korean Plans to Ensure Administration Victory in 1960
Presidential Election
rifle prime objective of a detailed policy outline prepared in
great secrecy in early February by Chon Song-chon, the newly
appointed Director of the South Korean Office of Public Informa-
tion (OPI), is to ensure victory for the lihee administration in the
forthcomin 1960 � residential elections,
hon will require a min-
imum of 400,000 over the regu ar OPI udgeq
Strong repressive measures are to be used against the oppo-
sition press, including the threat of applying the strengthened and
controversial National Security Law. Influence, threats and
bribery are to be used on opposition publishers and journalists
to persuade them either to change their political affiliation or out-
look or at least to remain neutral
Li3rogovernment newspapers are to be allocated foreign ex-
change to obtain newsprint directly from abroad at substantial
savings and assisted in their circulation efforts. Police school
authorities and village leaders are to ensure that the semi-offi-
cial Seoul Sinmun is available in every farm community in Korea.
The OPI is to be enlarged and operated as a government print-
ing plant and will attempt to produce films on government activ-
ities for required showing in movie houses. Teams of speakers
and theatrical troops are to be sent out, and in the cities side-
walk bulletin boards and photograph exhibitions will advertize
government policy. Battery-powered radio sets are to be pro-
cured for 38,000 villages without electricitiD
Whether this massive campaign will succeed appears ques-
tionable in view of public disillusionment with the administration.
There can be no doubt, however, that these plans if implemented
will arouse great bitterness in opposition circles and add to exist-
ing tensiong
&be indictment of an opposition newspaper editor for alleged
libel and instigation and propagation of rebellion on 28 February
appears indicative of the administration's determination to intim-
idate the opposition press, although in this instance thp rrinninnl
code rather than the new security law was utilized:7
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III. THE WEST
Balkan Pact to be Discussed in Tito-Karamanlis Meeting
@reek Premier Karamanlis he intends
to press Tito at their meeting on 2 March for a definite yes or no
on revival of the Balkan Pact in "full vigor." The Chief of the
Greek General Staff, has counseled Karamanlis against such an
approach to Tito, in the belief that the military relations between
the two countries should not be stressed now and that a gradual
evolution beginning in economic and cultural spheres would be
more fruitful.
rrfhe Yugoslays are currently very sensitive on the question
of the pact. They are especially afraid that revival of its military
aspects would provide ammunition for the bloc's charges that
Yugoslavia, contrary to its pretensions of remaining outside blocs,
is tied to NATO by virtue of its membership in the Balkan Pact.
Belgrade also feels that a publicized revival of the pact now would
undermine the basic purpose of Tito's tour of the uncommitted
countries, as an exponent of "positive neutrality." For these
reasons, Belgrade hopes to soft-pedal the military aspect of the
pact but it wants to maintain and possibly even extend the pact's
economic and cultural aspect
The pact, composed of Greece, Yugoslavia,,and Turkey, was
ratified in 1953 and became a formal military alliance in the fol-
lowing year. Since 1955, however, when hostility arose between
Greece and Turkey over Cyprus, the pact's military committee
has had little to do, and the pact organization has concerned itself
primarily with economic and cultural matteEsj
ahe recent Cyprus accord has removed a major obstacle to the
pact's effectiveness and the recent worsening of Belgrade's rela-
tions with the bloc have made it seek improved ties with the West.
While all three participants consider the continuance of the Balkan
Pact to be in their interests, any renewed activity under the pact
will probably not be publicized out of deference for Yugoslavia's
difficult positiT3
2 Mar 59
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
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THE PRESIDENT
The Vice President
Executive Offices of the White House
Special Assistant for National Security Affairs
Scientific Adviser to the President
Director of the Budget
Office of Defense and Civilian Mobilization
Special Assistant for Security Operations Coordination
Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities
Special Assistant for Foreign Economic Policy
Executive Secretary, National Security Council
The Treasury Department
The Secretary of the Treasury
The Department of State
The Secretary of State
The Under Secretary of State
The Under Secretary of State for Economic Affairs
The Deputy Under Secretary for Political Affairs
The Deputy Under Secretary for Administration
The Counselor
Director, International Cooperation Administration
The Director of Intelligence and Research
The Department of Defense
The Secretary of Defense
The Deputy Secretary of Defense
Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs
The Secretary of the Army
The Secretary of the Navy
The Secretary of the Air Force
The Chairman, The Joint Chiefs of Staff
Commandant, United States Marine Corps
The Director, The Joint Staff
Chief of Staff, United States Army
Chief of Naval Operations, United States Navy
Chief of Staff, United States Air Force
Assistant to Secretary of Defense for Special Operations
Director for Intelligence, The Joint Staff
Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of the Army
Director of Naval Intelligence, Department of the Navy
Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Department of the Air Force
Supreme Allied Commander, Europe
Commander in Chief, Pacific
The Department of the Interior
The Secretary of the Interior
The Department of Commerce
The Secretary of Commerce
Federal Bureau of Investigation
The Director
Atomic Energy Commission
The Chairman
National Security Agency
The Director
National Indications Center
The Director
United States Information Agency
The Director
CONFIDENTIAL
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