CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN - 1960/09/16

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: Current/Central Intelligence Bulletin Collection
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 03160569
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: March 17, 2020
• Document Release Date: March 26, 2020
• Publication Date: September 16, 1960

I
tzzrzzrzzrzzrzirzzz///i
-Approviiiiellease: 2020/03/13 3160569
Num-
'NNW
L.
16 September 1960
Copy No. C
CENTRAL
71
INTELLIGENCE
BULLETIN
DOCUMENT NO. /IV
NO MANGE IN CLASS...X.
Dtc.0..v.rNIFIED
TO: TS S C
NEN.; n JUN 1980
DATES Aum:
DATES REVIEWER
3.3(h)(2)
3.5(c)
rr/Zirj7,7 lAp-prOved-f6r le-le;se:-20-26/0343-63-16-CAWi7
/zZ
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
�11-tPlr�Oft1/411-1L-1� ma.
Approved for Release: C03160569
r", 1-15
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
'tar, voiti
16,SEPTEMBER 1960
I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
Soviet charges of Allied "misuse" of
Berlin air corridors suggest Moscow
may support future East German efforts
to assert control over civilian air ac-
cess to Berlin.
Chinese Communists may be increasing
air strength in Kunmina area of south-
western China.
II. ASIA-AFRICA
Nehru tells cabinet members India
should do everything possible to sharpen
Sino-Soviet dispute.
Algerian rebel leaders reported pushing
strong anti-Western line in preparation
for UN discussion of Algerian question. 0
New Organization of Petroleum Export-
ing Countries announced; to include Iraq,
Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Vene-
zuela.
III. THE WEST
0 Cargo delivered to Cuba by Soviet ship
Ilya Mechnikov reportedly included
armored vehicles and artillery.
0 Cuban Government forces apparently
now making major effort to rout guer-
rilla bands from Escambray Mountains
in central Cuba.
LATE ITEMS
CI Situation in Laos.
0 Situation in the Congo.
TP qrtfir?FT
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
414,41 TOP SECRET Noe
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN
16 September 1960
DAILY BRIEF
I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC
Berlin: Soviet charges that the Western Allies have "mis-
used" the Berlin air corridors suggest that Moscow may sup-
port future East German efforts to assert control over civilian
air access to Berlin. The charges were made in a 13 Septem-
ber note from the Soviet commandant in Berlin to the Allied ilai/P
commandants. The USSR may be considering some step to
bring the East Germans into the present flight-clearance pro-
cedures. This would be intended to force Western civilian air-
lines into either acknowledging East German control or flying
without the so-called flight safety guarantees.
(Page 1)
Communist China:
the Chinese Communists may be increasing their air
strength in the Kunming area of southwestern China, An un-
usual cargo airlift from Hainan Island to Kunming has been
under way since 21 August, and there has been a recent move-
ment to Kunming of aircraft. Jet fighters were deployed to
Kunming for the first time in mid-July, and possibly some
piston TU-2 light bombers in early September. There now
are indications that another jet fighter regiment may move into
the area. These various activities may be in support of an
air defense and an air division headquarters established in
Kunming earlier in the year, and may reflect Chinese interest
in the unsettled conditions in Southeast Asia, particularly Laos.
(See map on reverse of page)
7e-ei
TOP SECRET
4Approved for Release: 202676713 E03160569
I.
'Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
!kiwi TOP SECRET
IL ASIA-AFRICA
'
India: ; rNehru recently emphasized to members of his
cabinet that India should do everything possible to sharpen
&no- Soviet differences. In pursuing his policy of encourag-
ing closer Indian relations with Moscow as a counter to Chi-
nese pressure in the Sino -Indian border dispute, he feels he
has been greatly assisted by the Sino- Soviet dispute and by
Khrushchev's increasing friendliness. Nehru is pictured by
his associates as aware, however, of the danger of offend-
ing the West by going too far in Moscow's direction. In his
appearance at the UN during the last week of September, the
Indian leader can be expected to try to use such issues as dis-
armament to demonstrate some support for Khrushchev with-
out overly antagonizing the West/
(Page 3)
Algeria: A tough anti-Western line is being pushed by the
Algerian rebel leaders in preparation for UN General Assem-
bly discussion of the Algerian question, according to the Amen- 14
can Embassy in Tunis. Rebel Information Minister Mohamed '
Yazid claims that the provisional government is scrapping its
foreign policy based on "deference for Western feelings" and
now will accept help wherever it can find it. Yazid claims that
the moderation of the provisional government served only to
weaken its leadership over the Algerian Army of Liberation.
(Page 4)
New Oil-Producers Organization: Officials of five major
oil-producing countries�Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait,
and Venezuela�have announced the formation of an Organiza-
tion of Petroleum Exporting Countries. The organization was
announced following a conference in Baghdad which ended on
14 September. The five countries involved account for almost
half of the free world's production of crude oil and for most of
the crude oil moving in international trade. Thus the new or-
ganization--which still has to be approved by the governments
of the countries included�will have the potential for exerting
strong pressures on the oil companies, particularly on su h
matters as the level of posted prices and profit-sharing.
16 Sept 60
DAILY BRIEF Page ii
/Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569 z/ ,
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
41"N TOP SECRET
97�E
25 *N
fill FLIGHT PATH
15� N
1 KUNMING
4110
i
i
1....... 44/,,
I �ea,
C`t""%.3**.�����
BURMA
./.�.... .j NORTH
L. VIETNAM '
...../.
...... t.. .�
: c..." LAOS i %.
I. 1 ....,
I t t
�. i .41.
i.00�� � %. or"'i t 1. :0��� � t
.?.) THAILAND LI t
��� .
4111 i i s
i. .i.
1
CHINA
16 SEPTEMBER 1960
115* E
TOP ECRET7
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
'Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
TOP-SEGRE-T-
Phoumi expects to begin military
operations against Vientiane in about one week, moving troops
into position by aircraft.
Considerable external assistance apparently would be re-
quired to ensure the success of the revolutionary group's plans.
Thailand and South Vietnam, while sympathetic to the move-
ment, have thus far been reluctant to commit themselves to ex-
tensive supportZi
*Con&o: In the confused power struggle in the Congo, Premier
LumumIa appears to have lost ground to Colonel Mobutu--the
Congolese military leader who announced on 14 September that the 0 ,e
army had assumed control. Lumumba largely failed in an attempt,/_e_ 6_
on 15 September to rally to his support the 3,000 Congolese troops
In the Leopoldville area and finally had to appeal to the UN Corn- Or'
mand for personal protection from aroused and seemingly undis- /V
ciplined Congolese soldiers bent on killing him. Apparently de-
serted by many of his aides--including his leftist press officer,
Serge Michel, a French expatriate--Lumumba now may abandon
further efforts in Leopoldville and attempt to transfer his em-
battled regime to Stanleyville, his political stronghold. Mobutu's
publicly expressed intention to "occupy" the National Assembly
on 16 September may lead to some clarification of his relations
with President Kasa.vubu, who has announced plans to address the
legislature the same day, presumably in behalf of the new govern-
ment he named last week.
Meanwhile, the first serious test of the UN Command's ability
to enforce the cease-fire which it recently announced had been
ordered by the Congolese Army appears imminent in view of new
reports that Congolese troops supporting Lumumba have crossed
the border from Kivu Province into separatist Katanga Province.
Katanga President Tshombe is also apparently faced with growing
tribal dissidence and disorders in northern ICatanga.
,
16 Sept 60
DAILY BRIEF Page iv
TOP SECRET
,/
AApproved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
4
�rApproved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
1:7E ST
USSR- Cuba: t�, on the cargo delivered by the Soviet
ship Ilya Mechnikov v c rrived in Havana on 8 September
state it included armoree vehicles and artillery, as well as
a variety of other v,,c;.e.eeee and military equipment. If
loading of the ship W13 O:LI-ipieted on 11 September.
(Page 6)
*Cuba: GoVernmen eees apparently now are making a
major effort to rout zee,1-77.stro guerrilla bands from the
Escambray Mountains eZ central Cuba. The guerrillas, es-
timated to number severe: hundred, are believed to be divided
Into several mutually antaL,onistie groups and to be poorly
armed. Castro, however, is undoubtedly aware from his own
revolutionary experience that, in a climate of growing popular
unrest, eve-
ous threat.
17n-1.Wrt ��� ;
mienilla band can become a seri-
(Page 7)
LATE ITEMS
*Laos: The revofeonary group in Savannakhet, headed by
Prince Boun Oum'ane., &.eieral Phoumi, has drawn up an ambi-
tious program of action to Lopple the Souvanna Phouma regime
- within two months.
disruption of
the Vientiane regime by cs of sabotage and psychological war- .
fare would be followed by a siege of the capital. Boun Oum is
said to feel that while there may be light skirmishes in imple-
menting this plan, there would be no major clashes because
"none of the. Lao wanted any fighting." His. claim that thefirst
stage of the plan was already under way is borne out by several
incidents in Vientiane, most recently the sabotage on 15 Septem-
ber of one of Vientiane's two water-pumping stations. According
16 Sept 60
DAILY BRIEF Page iii
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
TOP SECRET
1601 1110
Moscow radio was still insisting on 16 September that
Mobutu's coup had failed and that Lumumba remained in
power. Nevertheless, the 11 IL-14 aircraft sent to the
Congo in August have been placed on an alert status,
possibly in antic-
ipation of an early withdrawal. All the planes were a arent-
lv in or en route to Stanleyville as of 15 September.
(Page 8)
16 Sept 60
f
�
TOP SECR
DAILY BRIEF'

/ /Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
'
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
tope -T-OP-SEC-R-E
Soviet Commandant Commandant Charges "Misuse" of Berlin Air Corridors
In his answer to the protest of the three Western comman-
dants on 31 August against East German violations of free ac-
cess to Berlin and freedom of movement within the city, So-
viet commandant Zakharov on 13 September fully endorsed
East German actions to bar "revanchists" from the city. He
charged that the three Western governments had "misused"
"corridors provided to meet the requirements of the Western
garrisons" in West Berlin by transporting "revanchists" on
civilian planes through the air corridors. Zakharov warned
the Western powers that they would be responsible "for possi-
ble consequences" resulting from such actions.
Zakharov's reply reiterates almost word for word the
East German position, as expressed by First Deputy Foreign
Minister Winzer on 2 September, that Allied use of the air
corridors is restricted to supplying the needs of the Western
garrisons in Berlin. His strong endorsement of East Ger-
many's "sovereignty" over its territory, in this context, sug-
gests that the USSR will support future East German efforts
to assert some degree of control over civilian air access to
the city.
The USSR may be considering some step which will bring
the East Germans into the flight-clearance procedures. Such
tactics would be intended to force the Western civilian airlines
into either acknowledging East German control or operating
without flight safety guarantees from the Soviet element in the
Berlin Air Safety Center (BASC).
West Berlin Communist functionary reportedly instructed
subordinates in the party on 12 September to sell the line that
the Western civil airlines are violating East German sovereign-
ty by flying into West Berlin and that they must negotiate with
the Ulbricht regime for overflight privileges. They were also
told not to be surprised if the Soviet representative walked out
of BASC in the near future*:
Coincidental with these developments, there has been an
apparent increase in Communist surveillance of Allied aircraft in
TOP SECRET
16 Sept 60 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 1
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
TOP SECRET
the Berlin corridors. On 12-13 September, three instances
were noted in which fighters, probably Soviet, merged on
the radar screen with Allied aircraft; a fourth instance was
noted on 15 September. It has not yet been possible to de-
termine whether the increased activity has been for identifi-
cation o7 possible harassment purposes.
CRET
16 Sept 60 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 2
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
-SEeRE-T- Nue
Nehru Plans to Exploit Sino- Soviet Differences
(prime Minister Nehru apparently believes that he can ex-
ploit the present Sino- Soviet ideological dispute to counter Pei-
ping's border policy by stressing New Delhi's increasingly cordial
relations with Moscowj
Nehru
expressed
"real satisfaction" over Sib-Soviet differences and to have empha-
sized that it is in India's interest to do everything possible to
sharpen the "rift." Nehru has missed few opportunities during
the past year to try to isolate Peiping by contrasting its aggres-
sive actions along the Himalayan frontier with Khrushchev's coex-
istence line and by pointing up the friendly state of Indo- Soviet
relationsj
e Indian leader now feels that the Communist ideological
dispute, as well as Khrushchev's increasingly ingratiating gestures
toward India, have greatly assisted this policy. In his most re-
cent letter to Nehru, Khruschev reportedly singled out India as
leader of the nonaligned nations which could contribute important-
ly to the settlement of international problems such as di5armament:1
lt,Yice President Radhakrishnan, in commenting recently on
Nehru's "shrewd, almost sinister" policy, stressed that the prime
minister was alert to the danger of offending the West by carry-
ing his friendly relations with Moscow too far,
Some Indian officials in fact
theorize that with Moscow actively Seeking closer relations with
New Delhi, Nehru now can afford a slightly more critical attitude
toward Soviet policies and thereby maintain his nonaligned posi-
tion in the eyes of the West2
ILIn his appearance at the UN, where he is scheduled to arrive
on 25 September for a stay of a week or ten days, Nehru probably
will try to show some support for Khrushchev in stating his posi-
tion on questions such as disarmament, while at the same time
exercising a moderating influence and avoiding undue antagonism
of Western delegations
SECRET
16 Sept 60 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 3
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
CONFIDENTIAL
NIS
Algerians Push Anti-Western Line in Hope of Obtaining
Favorable UN Action
The Algerian rebels are pushing an increasingly tough an-
ti-Western line in preparation for UN General Assembly dis-
cussion of the Algerian question, according to the American
Embassy in Tunis. The rebels' minister, for information, Mo-
hamed Yazid, informed the American charg�n Tunis that the
provisional Algerian government is scrapping its six-year-old
foreign policy of deference to Western feelings and of attempted
conciliation of Western, especially UN, opinion.
Yazid added that hereafter the rebel government will ac-
cept help "where it can be found; if Khrushchev is willing to
lead the fight at the United Nations and afterward for an Al-
gerian solution, the provisional government will play along."
Rebel leaders have expressed strong disgruntlement with the
West from time to time, but Yazid usually takes a softer line
toward the US than do some of his colleagues. The appearance
since the breakdown of the summit of Soviet propagandaimore
critical of De Gaulle's Algerian policy may have encouraged
the rebels to hope for more open Soviet support in the United
Nations.
Yazid claims that the rebels' newspaper--disseminated in
Latin America and the Far East--carries articles critical of
American policy because support for the Algerians comes prin-
cipally from anti-US sources. In Africa, the rebels plan to
focus attention "relentlessly" on American support for French
colonialism in Algeria, "even if this adversely affects African
attitudes toward the US role in the cold war." Yazid imple-
mented this policy late last month at the Leopoldville conference
of independent African states by accusing the United States of
waging war on the Algerians through NATO.
Yazid stated that moderate policies had already weakened
the provisional government's leadership over the Algerian
Army of National Liberation and warned that if the war contin-
ues, Algerian nationalism--"in the hands of youths who were
16 Sept 60 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 4
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
CUN 'INITIAL
entering their teens when the war began in 1954 and who have
no real ties with Western political thought"--wilt probably "one
day sweep aside their elders in a Cuban-type outburst."
the rebels, who are send-
ing a four-man delegation to New York next week, are seeking
Soviet support for the UN-organized and -controlled referendum
which Premier Ferhat Abbas proposed on 22 August. Tunisian
President Bourguiba, who long has feared the growth of Com-
munist influence among the Algerian rebels, is urging that West-
ern states have a showdown with French President de Gaulle
on Algeria now, so that the problem can be handled on Western
Initiative before irreparable damage is don De Gaulle, after
reiterating that the UN had no right to intervene in a matter which
is within the competence of France, stated on his 5 September
press conference that France would continue to pursue its pres-
ent policy, regardless of what happens in New York.
CONFIDENTIAL
16 Sept 60
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 5
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
too
!,re Bloc Arms Delivery e CubL
The Soviet cargo he.hi ya Atiachnikov, which arrived at
Havana on 8 September -with the bloc's first major arms ship-
ment to Cuba, apparently deliVered medium tanks and_antiair-
� craft artillery, along with a variety of other materiel. De-
tailed reports from obs,ervers, one of Whom was actually
aboard the ship, state that 10 tanks--apparently T-34s--and
100 antiaircraft guns were delivered. The 4,000-ton cargo
reportedly also included machine guns, artillery, and small-
arms ammunition, as well as. radar and electronics equip-
ment. Some of the arms evidently are of Czech origin.
suggest that jet
aircraft also were delivered
do not indicate the inclusion of jet aircraft in
this shipment.
an unspecified quantity of T-1 jet fuel
will be delivered to Cuba shortly. While this shipment might
indicate that bloc jet aircraft may be supplied to the Castro
. regime in the near future, the fuel could also be used by jet
aircraft of US origin presently in service with the Cuban Air
Force.
. 16 Sept 60
Irkvrri, Al111VICI I liftEkloo�E nil, t crita
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
Page 6
kApproved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
Cuban Government lit . in to Rout Guerril as:
Government forces a72;-.1...rently making, a major effort
to rout. anti-Castro quarr:'..a ba.nds from the Escambray Moun-
tains of central Cuba.�
one regular army of,-.14.-
area already this mo
tal coveral hundred.,
iea 40 of Castro's militiamen and
1-,ave reportedly been killed in this
'17he guerrillas are estimated to
are divided into several factions.
.ie various ana, numbers a may e unuie
shortly. In late Auguat, e guerrillas were reported poorly
armed, but they may b time have received additional
t.-ieapons emuggled to by ,,::..position groups in Havana
and other cities. ea err.er, a clandestine radio trans-
a:litter was heard in Cu::-L - ?polling to the armed forces to
join in fighting Castro
The growth of po,-,Iaiy,r diEsltisfaction with the Castro re-
gime in many parts ol the island strrgests that the position of
the guerrilla sands Ira: be completely hopeless. This
dissatisfaction erupted it:o open violence early this week in
t!'o province of Matan.zaa where there was a clash between
pro-Castro and anti-Co �-� --:unist groups, and subsequent popu-
lar demonstrations den--2:..fing the release of anti-Communist
prisoners resulted in cvral casualties. The militia and po-
lice were able to disperse the demonstrators only by firing
into the crowd.
Castro is undoubtedly aware from his own revolutionaryemx-
rience that, in a climate of growing popular unrest, even a very
small guerrilLa band could mushroom into a serious threat
gn Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569]
Pa an '7
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
CONFIDENTIAL
The Congo Situation (Information as of 0400 EDT)
Although considerable confusion still surrounds the power
struggle in the Congo, Premier Lumumba appears to have lost
ground in the past 24 hours to Colonel Mobutu, the Congolese
military leader who announced on 14 September that the army
had assumed control. Mobutu's "peaceful revolution" hopes
to "neutralize" both Lumumba and President Kasavubu until
the end of the year.
Lumumba largely failed in an attempt on 15 September
to rally to his support the 3,000 Congolese troops in the
Leopoldville area and finally had to appeal to the UN Com-
mand for personal protection from Congolese soldiers bent
on assassinating him. The soldiers, who seemed to be out
of control, were apparently mostly natives of Kasai Province.
They had been aroused by reports of casualties sustained by
relatives and fellow tribesmen in Kasai who have been re-
sisting Lumumba's attempt to subjugate them by force. After
spending most of the day besieged in the officers' mess of the
Ghanaian UN forces at suburban Camp Leopold H, Lumumba
was roughed up by the unruly soldiers as he was being es-
corted to his residence at night by Congolese and Ghanaian
bodyguards.
Lumumba's confinement within the camp throughout the
day apparently shook the confidence of many of his closest
aides and supporters. A number of them began quietly to
disappear from view after midday, and in the evening Serge
Michel--a leftist-inclined French national formerly associated
with the Algerian rebels who has been serving as Lumumba's
official spokesman--announced he had "ceased" his activities
for the Congo Government because of the political situation.
Such defections may prompt Lumumba to abandon at least
temporarily further efforts in Leopoldville and attempt to
transfer his embattled regime to Stanleyville, his political
stronghold.
16 Sept 60
CFNTRAI INTE1LIGENCE BULLETIN Page 8
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
11104 rtritttOtilfffikb- *IS
Some uncertainty still exists as to Mobutu's attitude to-
ward President Kasavubu. Mobutu was recently elevated by
Joseph Ileo--premier-designate in the new government named
by Kasavubu last week but not yet invested--from chief of
staff to commander of the Congolese Army and has appeared,
at least since last week, to be working closely with Kasavubu
as well as the UN Command. However, Ileo on 15 September
confirmed the suspicions of the American Embassy in Leopold-
ville that Mobutu had not consulted him or Kasavubu about the
14 September coup announcement; however, Mobutu did ap-
parently consult beforehand with the 'UN Command. Mobutu's
relationship with the President may be clarified on 16 Sep-
tember, the day Mobutu has said he will "occupy" the National
Assembly and the day Kasavubu plans to address the legislature.
The President presumably hopes to prepare the way for the
early formal investiture of the proposed Ileo government, an
action which appears to be an essential prerequisite to the new
regime's possible acceptance by other African states.
Reports from separatist Katanga Province that some 300
Congolese troops loyal to Lumumba "invaded" Katanga on 15
September suggest an imminent test of the UN Command's
ability to enforce the cease-fire which It announced on 10 Sep-
tember had been ordered by the Congolese Army. Like the
two small incursions which occurred last week, the new penetra-
tion reportedly confirmed by UN officials in Elisabethville --
was launched from Kivu Province to the north of Katanga.
Mali troops of the UN force are reported to have made
contact with the advancing troops, and the government of
Katanga President Tshombe claims its forces are also in the
area and preparing to attack. At the same time, however,
Tshombe's regime appears to be confronted by growing dissi-
dence on the part of traditionally hostile Baluba tribesmen in
northern Katanga.
16 Sept 60 CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN Page 9
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569
4041,
TOP 5Fcia.
P S 4=c -e
Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03160569