CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN - 1960/05/21

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03179251
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U
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19
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March 17, 2020
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March 26, 2020
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May 21, 1960
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ri ZZZ/ZZ/ZZZZ/Z/ZZ/Z/ZZ Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 21 May 1960 Copy No. C CENTRAL GS 3.3(h)(2) INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN DOONMENT NO. /8 NO Cto. �.NVIE IN CLASS. X 0 OEV.L4SSiFIEil iSS TS S d NUT R�.111...16 etC)t0 DATE: GEVIEWENi 3.5(c) TOP SECRET jrnZZAIMMM, Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251/A/VMMMM j Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 wet. rtik debrinrirwr Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 -Approved for Release: C03179251 21 MAY 1960 I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC Peiping makes show of firm support for Khrushchev, but indicates concern that he may not maintain uncompromising stand toward West. Much of East German populace concerned over summit breakdown; open criticism of Khrushchev noted. Sino-Algerian rebel communique reflects Peiping's efforts to align "liberation movements" with anti-US policies. II. ASIA-AFRICA India to construct two more oil refin- eries; Soviet assistance likely. Kishi under attack from press and left- ists for "undemocratic" methods of se- curing lower-house approval of US- Japan security pact. Proffered resignation of South Korean army chief of staff may affect military capabilities if other officers follow suit. Saudi Arabia--Saud and Faysal clash as King moves to regain domination over government. III THE WEST � Castro governnnt orders Western re- fineries to begin using Soviet crude oil. LATE ITEMS Comment on Khrushchev's East Berlin speech. 0 Comment on USAF r-47 fnrepd clown in East Germany. TOP' SECRET Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 7 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 **001? SECRET CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE BULLETIN 1,5 k\ Communist China: Although Peiping is making a big show of support for the Soviet Union following the summit conference, a People's Daily editorial of 20 May contains some indications that the Chinese may fear that Khrushchev will not maintain, in the long run, his present \\ uncompromising attitude toward the West. In justification of Peiping's pre-summit position, the editorial states that It_ the outcome of the conference was no surprise to those who view the international situation correctly and are not misled by "certain superficial phenomena." The editorial suggests the Chinese probably, hope to use current developments to in- 21 May 1960 DAILY BRIEF I. THE COMMUNIST BLOC crease their influence throughout the Communist world as the most accurate interpreters of Marxist-Leninist theory. (CONFIDENTIAL) (Page 1) Ii post in Peiping, IAPP-r-o�v�e�d7o�r-Rele�a�s�e�T�2020/03/13 East Germany: Communist party public opinion surveys show open criticism among the populace, particularly workers, of Khrushchev's use of the U-2 incident to wreck the summit conference. The surveys suggest widespread concern among East Germans over the breakdown of negotiations, even among intellectuals who publicly endorsed Khrushchev's stand. The whole party apparatus was mobilized to turn out a mass welcome for Ithrushchev in East Berlin and to propagandize his remarks throughout the country. (Page 2) Communist China - Algeria: The Chinese Communists, who are calling on "liberation movements" to focus hostility on the US, would "welcome" an Algerian rebel diplomatic There was no time set for establishing TOP SECRET. C031Y9HIL � .4N - Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 N Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251' , ..ICRET N ���,.�,.\..., .._,,,,,, N C ,�..� the mission and 1:11.d not mention Chinese military aid to the Algerians. The leader of the rebel del- egation, on his departure from Peiping on 20 May, however, expressed his thanks for China's "material sifrifices" on behalf of the Algerians, the rebel delegation, which has been touring the Far East, did not request Chinese volunteers for Algerian fighting and was reluctant to agree to Chinese demands to denounce the US openly and to publicly oppose the US-Japanese security treaty. Algerian reluctance on the security treaty was overcome. IL ASIA-AFRICA India-USSR: New :Delhi has announced plans to construct two additional government-owned oil refineries during the Third Five-Year Plan (1961-66). These would presumably be in addition to a previously announced medium-size refin- ery slated for the Bombay region. The scheduled visits to Moscow next month by President Prasad, Finance Minister Desai, and Mines and Oil Minister Malaviya are likely to re- sult in additional assistance to the Indian petroleum industry, including an offer to construct the two new refineries. The bloc is already assisting the construction of two other refin- eries. (Page 4) Japan.: Prime Minister Kishi is being attacked by most of the press and by leftists for alleged undemocratic and un- parliamentary methods in securing lower-house approval of the US-Japan security treaty. The vote on 20 May, which overrode Socialist violence and a boycott, appears to assure final ratification by upper-house action prior to President Eisenhower's visit on 19 June. More leftist-sponsored dem- onstrations can be expected, and the two Socialist parties have said they will continue to boycott the Diet. Kishi's con- trol of his party will depend on the extent and depth of adverse public reaction, which his party rivals will be alert to exploit. (Page 5) 21 May 60 DAILY BRIEF ii TOP SECRET k \ � . Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 \\ . TOP SECRET �iivo 11 -, L South Korea: The proffered resignation of South Korean .. , Army Chief of Staff Lt, Gen. Song Yo-chan could adversely s A affect South Korean military capabilities if it leads to a :k \ rash of resignations and retirements by able senior officers. Song's resignation may have been prompted by a desire to save the prestige he gained as a result of the army's restrained role in the disturbances that toppled R.hee from power. Song would be vulnerable to criticism for the significant role he played in delivering the �idlers' vote to the Rhee regime in the 15 March ,elections. \ Saudi Arabia: King Saud, taking advantage of Crown Prince Faysalis impending departure for at least six weeks of medical treatment abroad, has made the first move in his plan to regain domination over the Saudi Government, le refused to accept Faysal's suggestions for interim ap- pointments to supervise government affairs. The crown prince responded by issuing a virtual ultimatum to the King, the disagree- ment between the two royal brothers has reached the point that Fa,ysal might either have to remain abroad or return to take over as king. (Page 6) III. THE WEST Cuba: The Castro government on 18 May ordered that each refinery in Cuba for the rest of this year must purchase approx- imately 300,000 tons of Soviet crude oil, now arriving under the Cuban-Soviet trade agreement. This affects three large refin- eries--Esso, Texaco, and Shell--which produce about 95 per- cent of Cuba's refined petroleum products. Cuban controls on US dollar remittances have been tying up the funds of the oil companies, and the Castro regime is using this form of pres- sure to make the companies purchase the Soviet crude for re- fining. Relations between the Castro regime and the government of Venezuela�Cuba's chief source of petroleum--are likely to be further alienated by Cuban purchase of competitive Soviet oil. ) (Page 7) 21 May 60 k." �A'A. DAILY BRIEF iii TOP SECRET, 'Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C0317925 \ LI \ :\�;.�", .... ' Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 %iele \kW Aircraft reportedly I landed here 1 (1205 Z) Hamburg� WEST GERMANY � SWEDEN openhagen eN 0 E B ALT IC S Initial radar &3 Z) �Putnitz �Rostock Wismar Track faded (1201Z) � Schwerin EAST POLAND GERMANY (N. USAF C-47 INCIDENT- 20 MAY 1960 Soviet radar track of transport 0 50 100 Kilometers 00521 Berlin. Miles Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 \ Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 Nov TOP LATE ITEMS A*USSR: The main purpose of Khrushchev's speech in East Berlin on 20 May probably was to provide assurances that despite the collapse of the summit conference and his clear intention to maintain harsh attacks on the United States, the USSR:does not plan to abandon its peaceful coexistence line or revert to a hard, "Stalinist" posture toward the non-Commu- nist world. Khrushchev appears anxious to demonstrate that his detente policy continues to be valid and justified. Although &' the Soviet premier claimed that the breakdown of the Paris 0 meeting has given the Soviet Union and its allies a "moral right" Jr to proceed without further delay with a separate peace treaty with East Germany, he stated that the "status quo" with regard rr to a German treaty and West Berlin will be maintained until another heads-of-government meeting takes place, which he "assumes" will be in six to eight months. Khrushchev's rela- tively moderate line in this speech will displease any critics in the Communist world who had opposed his peaceful coexistence diplomacy and had interpreted his performance in Paris as fore- shadowing abandonment of this line. 'Page 8) *Air incident in East Germany: On 20 May, a USAF C-47 transport en route from Copenhagen to Hamburg with nine per- sons aboard apparently was forced to land about 15 nautical miles northwest of Wismar in the extreme northwest corner of East Germany at approximately 1205Z. it was forced down by Soviet fighters. No fighter activity, however, was noted at that time although some Western radar reflections sug- gest such activity. The transport was tracked for some 25 min- utes by Soviet radars. No information, including weather condi- tions, explains why the aircraft had deviated from its intended course, the aircraft was undamaged and the personnel were turned over to the Soviet com- mandant in the area. the American personnel were later transported by helicopter 1-n Pill-nil-7 4Ciata man nn farina. nacrn 1 ,NN �NNO \ LI 21 May 60 TOP SECRET , Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 DMLY BRIEF' Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 Nor Peiping Vindicates Its Interpretation of US Motives Despite Peiping's major demonstrations of "firm support" for the Soviet Union following the summit conference, the Chi- nese are taking advantage of the conference breakdown to vin- dicate their views against accommodation with the West. A People's Daily editorial of 20 May states that the outcome of the conference was no surprise to those who view the interna- tional situation correctly and are not misled by "certain super- ficial phenomena." The Chinese had maintained all along that there had been no real change in the American attitude toward the Communist world and that the principal task of the bloc was therefore to expose the false nature of American peace gestures. A few days before the summit meeting was to convene, Mao Tse-tung had implicitly criticized Khrushchev for having "illusions" about "US imperialism." The 20 May editorial contains some indications that the Chi- nese may fear that Khrushchev will not maintain, in the long run, his present uncompromising attitude toward the West. In this connection, the editorial assesses the summit breakdown as "helpful" because it "laid bare" the "ferocious" features of "US imperialism" and calls, as did the Chinese in the pre-summit period, for further exposure of the United States. By emphasizing that the Chinese were right and Ithrushchev wrong, the editorial suggests the Chinese probably hope to use present developments to increase their influence throughout the Communist world as the most accurate interpreters of Marxist- Leninist theory. That Moscow now is on the defensive can be seen in Soviet Ambassador Chervonenk:o's speech at a rally in Peiping on 20 May. "Like other people," he said, "the Soviet people have never de- ceived themselves with illusions and have always remembered the imperialist intrigues." On the contrary, People's Daily said on the same day, events of the past few days prove misguided those who had naively thought that imnerialism eculd be dealt with. CONFIDENTIAL 21 May 60 CENTO A I Ih.11-roi I io".kie.r el Iiirvik. Page 1 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 �StEeRET East German Workers Criticize Khrushchev's Moves to Wreck Summit Meeting Crash public opinion surveys made by Socialist Unity (Communist) party (SED) officials in East Germany from 17 to 19 May reveal open criticism among the people�par- ticularly workers--of Khrushchev's 11qP nf the 11-2 inrident to wreck the summit meeting. East Germans are greatly concerned over developments in Paris and in some cases have public- ly contrasted with Khrushchev's disruptive moves the attempts Of Western leaders to continue the negotiations. � SED headquarters in Potsdam District reported that work- ers in many factories were expressing "indefinite" and "nega- tive" views, such as: "The airplane should have been the last item on the agenda instead of the first"; "Khrushchev shouldn't play the spoil sport"; "Everyone must compromise"; and "The summit conference needn't be shattered because of this, there- by killing the hopes of the people." In two cases party members had expressed such opinions. Similarly, Magdeburg officials reported on 17 May that workers in one factory accused Khrushchev of using "sledge- hammer tactics." Even among intellectuals who have pub- licly supported Khrushchev's moves, there is obvious concern over the breakdown of negotiations. For example, students at RostockUniversity said!' "If the summit conference had tak- en place, at least something would have resulted for Germany." The regime's propaganda apparatus has been put into full swing to counteract such opinions and give maximum coverage for Khrushchev's statements in East Berlin. It is nevertheless probable that the already low morale of the East German pop- ulace has dropped further as a result of the developments in Paris. Many East Germans will probably fear that access to West Berlin may soon be barred by the regime and attempt to flee now. The flow of refugees to West Berlin has already SECRET 21 May 60 CENApproved for Release: 2020/03/13 co317925?age 2 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 SECRET Nur. reached proportions of the 1.958 mass flights as a result of last winter's collectivization drive, despite the regime's urgent ef- forts to stop them. In the week ending 17 May, 3,883 refugees reached the city--an increase of 550 above the preceding week and more than 2,000 above the comparable week last year. Since the East-West German border is practically sealed as a result of heightened security precautions, nearly all East German refu- gees now are using the West Berlin escape hatch. --SEeRET- 21 May 160 CE�klApproved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 Page 3 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 No9 IL ASIA-AFRICA Planned New Indian Refineries May Receive Soviet Assistance New Delhi has announced its intention to construct two additional oil refineries during the Third Five-Year Plan (1961-66). The location and the financing arrangements for these new government-owned projects were not made public. They would presumably be in addition to a medium-size re- finery in the Cambay region near Bombay for which plans were announced in April. Promising oil strikes were recent- ly, made in that area by bloc technicians under contract to the Indian Government. Scheduled visits to Moscow in June by three Indian dele- gations led by President Prasad, Finance Minister Desai, and particularly IC D. Malaviya, Indian minister for mines and oil, will afford the Soviet Union an opportunity to expand its dominant position in India's oil industry by making further offers of assistance. Moscow is likely to offer to aid in the construction of the two new refineries and may also propose further Indo-Soviet collaboration in the petroleum industry. India will receive some Soviet-refined POL products this year under terms of the current Indo- Soviet trade agreement. Moreover, Moscow has recently offered "unlimited" quanti- ties of crude oil, at discount and for rupee payment- a pro- posal which the Indians will be able fully to utilize only when they possess their own refineries. In addition, the USSR and Rumania are assisting the Indians in construction of two other refineries in eastern India for processing Indian crude oil; aid thus far committed to these projects amounts to $40,000,- 000, about 5 percent of total bloc aid to India. CONFIDENTIAL 21 May 60 CEI'Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 CO3179251 Page 4 Approveci-for7iereae:-0/0-3/13 C03179251 NW' Japanese Reaction to Security Treaty Vote Most major Japanese newspapers are accusing Prime Min- ister Kishi of violating democratic and parliamentary principles in forcing lower-house approval of the US-Japanese security treaty on 20 May. One paper, however, stressed Japan's need for such a treaty under present world conditions, and another paper criticized the opposition Socialists for their resort to vio- lence prior to the vote. The two Socialist parties are claiming that passage of the treaty was illegal and invalid and are now boycotting the Diet session. The governing pberal Democrats, although they have enough seats to conduct parliamentary business without the So- cialists, are almost certain to undertake negotiations with them in an effort to end the boycott and return to normal procedures. A demonstration led by extreme leftist students broke out In the vicinity of the Diet soon after the treaty vote, and some students forced entry into the grounds of Kishi's official resi- dence. More leftist-sponsored demonstrations can be expected, although previous extremist efforts have failed to attract popu- lar support. The lower-house vote appears to assure final ratification of the security pact before President Eisenhower's visit on 19 June. The treaty has been referred to the upper house and, even if this body fails to vote, approval will be automatic after 30 days. A 50-day extension of the Diet session assures the necessary time period. Some Japanese political observers believe that Kishi's chances � for winning a third term as president of the government party in January 1961 have been weakened by the steps taken to obtain ap- proval of the treaty. They note that several of his party rivals, including Ichiro Kono, absented themselves during the vote. While Kishi's rivals will be alert to exploit any adverse public reaction, his control of the party will depend on th7 extent and depth of such popular sentiment. CONFIDENTIAL 21 May. 60 Cckirrk � g 1-rrq mo-. nil g"..1.111k I L." Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 Page 5 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 Struggle for Power Within Saudi Royal Family Crown Prince Faysal is expected to leave very soon for at least six weeks of medical treatment in Europe, and King Saud has taken the first step in his plan to regain omination over the government, he refused to accept Faysal's suggestions 'or interim appointments to supervise government affairs. The crown prince responded, 1py reiterating his recom- menaations in tne iorm iDI a virtual ultimatum to the King. This names, as acting prime minister, Prince Musaid Ibn Abd al- Rahman, who served in that capacity during Faysal's absence in Europe from October to December last year, and as presid- ing officer over the Council of Ministers, Prince Fand Ibn Abd al-Aziz, minister of education, who headed the Saudi delega- tion to recent Arab League meetings. The next move is up to King Saud. His personal advisers, some of whom are corrupt holdovers from Saud's bungling and extravagant rule from 1953 to 1958, are urging him to press for a complete showdown. If he does, the outcome is likely to be determined by the attitudes of ten or twelve influential senior princes. While this group was responsible for easing the King out of power in favor of Faysal in March 1958, several of its members reportedly have since become unenthusiastic about supporting the crown prince. The quarrel within the royal family has become so serious as to reduce political stability. The way might be opened to or- ganized plotting by antiroyalist groups not only in the bureaucracy and merchant class but also in the army, where disaffection is re- ported spreading. 21 May 60 CENTAr*pAp o vIeLo:71 for h'eTe; e7-502-6/Eil 663179251 Page 6 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 CONFIDENTIAL :Noe III. THE WEST American Refineries in Cuba Ordered to Process Soviet Crude Oil On 18 May, the Castro regime notified officials of the Texaco refinery in Cuba that for the rest of this year each refinery in the country must accept approximately 300,000 tons of Soviet crude al, which has begun to arrive in Cuba under the Cuban-Soviet trade agreement signed in February. This will affect the three refineries--Texaco, Esso, and Shell--which together produce over 95 percent of the petro- leum products refined in Cuba. These companies have some $40,000,000 worth of outstanding requests for dollar remit- tances which the Cuban National Bank has not yet approved. Cuban controls on US dollar remittances have been tying up the funds of the refineries, and the Castro regime evidently is using this form of pressure in an effort to make the com- panies accept Soviet crude. Soviet crude is received by Cuba under a barter arrangement, and the refineries would not be required to pay for it in foreign exchange. Official Venezuelan relations with the Castro government, which have grown increasingly cool in recent weeks, are like- ly to be further alienated by Cuban purchases of competitive Soviet oil. In 1958, Venezuela exported about 75,000 barrels a day of oil and refined products to Cuba, about 8 percent of which presumably will now be supplied by the USSR. In a front-page editorial, one prominent anti-Castro Venezuelan newspaper recently condemned the Soviet-Cuban oil arrange- ments. Venezuela is also facing a potential loss to the USSR of a portion of its market for petroleum in two other Latin American nations--Uruguay and Brazil. CONFIDENTIAL 21 May 60 CEN''' � 1."" #.2526/1/10V1r3.703179251 Approved for Release: page 7 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 SECRET- LATE ITEM Khrushchev's Speech in East Berlin IChrushchev used his speech in East Berlin on 20 May as the occasion for his first major foreign policy statement since the collapse of the summit meeting. His main purpose probably was to provide assurances that he does not intend to abandon his peace- ful coexistence line or revert to a hard, "Stalinist" posture toward the non-Communist world. Despite his clear intention to mount on all-out propaganda campaign to discredit and isolate the United States on the issue of "aggressive and provocative actions" toward the USSR, IChru- shchev apparently hopes to salvage as much of his detente policy as possible. He stated that he assumes that another heads-of- government meeting will take place in six to eight months, and declared ublicly what Foreign Minister Gromyko had pledged n 17 May to :British Foreign Secretary Selwyn Lloyd-z) that the USSR will do nothing in the interim that might "aggravate the international situation and take us back to the dark time of the cold war." On the key issue of Berlin, IChrushchev said he had reached agreement with East German leaders that, since a summit meet- ing will be held in six to eight months, no unilateral moves would be taken until a further effort can be made to reach agreement with the three Western powers on a peace treaty with the two German states. Although he claimed that the breakdown of the Paris meet- ing has given the USSR and its allies a "moral right" to proceed without further delay with a separate treaty with East Germany, he pledged that the status quo will be maintained until a summit meet- ing convenes. This commitment, however, was made conditional on the Western powers' willingness to avoid "any unilateral steps" which would prevent such a meeting in six to eight months. � The line Khrushchev took in this speech suggests that he feels under the necessity of demonstrating that his detente policy in re- cent months was right and justified and is still valid. He recalled that after returning from his visit to the United States he had pointed -SECRET-- 21 May 60 CENWprioviekr.FORge-a'se.7502-6/03/17603179251 Page 8 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 out that President Eisenhower was in a "difficult position" as a result of a "hidden" struggle in the United States between the "forces of the cold war" and the "advocates of peaceful coexist- ence." He observed that he had recognized such "alarm signals" long before the summit meeting and implied that the U-2 incident resulted from the victory of the "cold war forces:' Khrush.chev's relatively moderate tone in outlining his future course of 'action will displease any critics .in the Communist world who had opposed his peaceful coexistence 'diplomacy and had inter- preted his performance Lr. PA ri sas fnrpahadn big a complete abandonment of this line. 21 may 60 L" mrr A I 11. i.I I 1.0�1 I I II I 1'IlL. I Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C031792511Page 9 Approved for Release: 2020/03/13 C03179251 'NY THE PRESIDENT The Vice President Executive Offices of the White House Special Assistant for National Security Affairs Scientific Adviser to the President Director of the Budget Director, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization Director, National Aeronautics and Space Administration Special Assistant for Security Operations Coordination Chairman, Board of Consultants on Foreign Intelligence Activities Special Assistant for Foreign Economic Policy � Executive Secretary, National Security Council The Treasury Department The Secretary of the Treasury The Department of State The Secretary of State The Under Secretary of State The Under Secretary of State for Political Affairs The Deputy Under Secretary of State for Politica; Affairs The Deputy Under Secretary of State for Administration The Counselor Director, International Cooperation Administration The Director of Intelligence and Research The Department of Defense The Secretary of Defense The Deputy Secretary of Defense Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Security Affairs The Secretary of the Army The Secretary of the Navy The Secretary�of the Air Force The Chairman, The joint Chiefs of Staff The Director, The Joint Staff Chief of Staff, United States Army Chief of Naval Operations, United States Navy Chief of Staff, United States Air Force Commandant, United States Marine Corps Assistant to Secretary of Defense for Special Operations Director for Intelligeuce, The Joint Staff Assistant Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Department of Army Director of Naval Intelligence, Department of Navy Assistant Chief of Staff, Intelligence, Department of the Air Force Supreme Allied Commander, Europe Commander in Chief, Pacific The Department of Commerce The Secretary of Commerce Federal Bureau of Investigation The Director Atomic Energy Commission The Chairman National Security Agency The Director National Indications Center The Director riNAISITWIVTIA 1. 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