RFK 201

• Document Type: SPECIALCOLLECTION
• Collection: Records Related to the Assassination of Senator Robert F. Kennedy
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 07164990
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: U
• Document Page Count: 148
• Document Creation Date: June 6, 2025
• Document Release Date: June 12, 2025

-APPROVED FOR RELEASE 2025 UNDER EXECU1VE ORDER 14176 SE T THIS IS AN OFFICIAL CLANDESTINE SERVICES PERSONALITY DOS- SIER (201 FILE). YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR COMPLYING WITH THE FOLLOWING INSTRUCTIONS: Do not remove material from this dossier unless an error in filing or file classification is detected. Return misfiled documents to IP/Files. Incorrectly classified documents and CS documents without file num- bers should be sent to IP/AN for proper processing. 2. Maintain the material in this dossier in chronological order. 3. To transfer the charge for this dossier to another component or individ- ual, call IF/Files, extension 4362. 4. Contact your Division/Staff Records Management Officer if you have any questions concerning the maintenance or disposition of this dossier. NOTE: This dossier may not be complete. A listing of all CS material proc- essed for this file may be ordered via Form 3414 "Request for File Content List" or by calling IF/Files, extension 4127 or 5831. ET 201� 221 [�)3 uat� MSV CUSTODIAN � CRYPT: YES DATE OF FIRST DOC I NT: DATE OF LAST DOC BULKY ATTAC I I NT: /V etc/A NT:YES NO RCS ITEM ER: DISPOSITION DATE: REVIEW DATE: REVIEWED BY: NOii CC/ S/RET SUMMARY OF DDO FILE ON ROBERT F. KENNEDY, 201-211732 This file was opened on Mr. Kennedy on 7 January 1958 when he was "Counsel to the Senate Investigations Subcommittee". It contains documents pertaining to his trip with Justice Douglas to the USSR in 1955. Among these documents are a list of the questions to which SR desired information ("Requirements for US Citizens Travelling in South Central Asia"), reports of contacts with Mr. Kennedy and/or justice Douglas by Agency personnel, several newspaper and magazine clippings of the trip. Also included are numerous "Information Reports" based on the information supplied by Mr. Kennedy on his return to the U.S., which were published by the Office of Operations (00) from January 1956 to April 1956. The file was returned to the central DDO files section by the SR Division on 17 January' 1958. � On 16 March 1964, Branch 4 of the Covert Action Staff requested that a Covert Security approval be granted for Mr. Kennedy to serve on the "Planning and Guidance Committee for the Practical Politics Institute" under Project QRSENSE, which was designed to train U.S. trade unionists being sent overseas to work with foreign trade unionists. It was planned for Mr. Kennedy to he a lecturer and "front" man for this Practical Politics Institute Apparently the Institute was never established. .There is no record that the CSA on Mr. Kennedy was granted or that formal relationship with him ever existed. In short this file reflects only that Mr. Kennedy served the Agency as a voluntary informant. The only biographical information therein is attached to the CSA request and was extracted from Who's Who, 1962-1963. The only other identifiable reference to Mr. Kennedy is a field dispatch (NITA-4680, Att. 1, 20 July 1955) reporting a contact with Mr. Kennedy in Tehran by Station personnel. This document is located in 201-110578. CONFIDENTAL REQUEST FOR APPROVAL OR INVESTIGATIVE ACTION (Always handcarry 1 copy of this form) PLEASE COMPLETE EACH SECTION AND APPROPRIATE BLANK DATE 16 March 1964 TO: Cl/OPERATIONAL APPROVAL AND SUPPORT DIVISION FROM: X CHIEF, INVESTIGATION AND SUPPORT DIVISION, OFFICE OF SECURITY CA/4 CHIEF, PERSONNEL SECURITY DIVISION, OFFICE OF SECURITY SUBJECT: (True name) KENNEDY, Robert Francis PROJECT QRSENSE CRYPTONYM, PSEUDONYM, AKA OR ALIASES Cl/OA FILE NO. RI 201 FILE NO. SO FILE NO. 1. TYPE ACTION REQUESTED PROVISIONAL OPERATIONAL APPROVAL PROVISIONAL PROPRIETARY APPROVAL OPERATIONAL APPROVAL PROPRIETARY APPROVAL PROVISIONAL COVERT SECURITY APPROVAL COVERT NAME CHECK X COVERT SECURITY APPROVAL SPECIAL INQUIRY (SO field investigation) CONTRACT TYPE A CONTRACT TYPE B 2. SPECIFIC AREA OF USE U.S. EXPEDITE - need by April 16, 1964 3. FULL DETAILS OF USE CA/4 requests that a CSA be granted on Subject who will be on the Planning and Guidance Committee for the Practical Politics Institute which is to be implemented under Project QRSENSE. Subject will be witting of Agency interest in the Institute and will know the students to be employed by the Agency. Bio Sheet attached. 4. INVESTIGATION AND COVER YES NO A. U.S. GOVERNMENT INTEREST MAY BE SHOWN DURING INVESTIGATION? X B. CIA INTEREST MAY BE SHOWN DURING INVESTIGATION? x C. IS SUBJECT AWARE OF U.S. GOVERNMENT INTEREST IN HIM? X D. IS SUBJECT AWARE OF CIA INTEREST IN HIM? X Agency interest not to be E. AD6ICATAITIE aux.LiPiliiATIOA6)NsiOaRAVi6VnTHE INVESTIGATION OF SUBJECT. F. SUGGEST "COVER PRETEXT" TO BE USED IN CONDUCTING PERSONAL INVESTIGATION OF SUBJECT. GOVERNMENT G. DO YOU PLAN TO MAKE SUBJECT WITTING OF AGENCY OR GOVERNMENT INTEREST? X 1YES I NO IF NO INVESTIGATION OUTSIDE CIA, EXPLAIN FULLY N.A. 5. PRO AND GREEN LIST STATUS N.A. PRo I. OR EQUIVALENT, IN (2) COPIES ATTACHED PRO II WILL BE FORWARDED PRO II, OR EQUIVALENT, IN (1) COPY ATTACHED GREEN LIST ATTACHED. NO: 6. RI TRACES Not initiated NO RECORD WILL FORWARD NON-DEROGATORY DEROGATORY ATTACHED 7. DIVISION TRACES X NO RECORD WILL FORWARD NON.DEROGATORY DEROGATORY ATTACHED 8. FIELD TRACES NO RECORD WILL FORWARD NO DEROGATORY INFO. DEROGATORY ATTACHED I LIST SOURCES CHECKED SIGNIFICANT INFORMATION ATTACHED ,c NOT INITIATED (Explanation) Does not appear necessary. SIGNATURE OF CASE OFFICER EXTENSION SIGNATURE OF BRANCH CHIEF Wilfred D. Koplowitz. C/CA/4 FORM 7 USE PREVIOUS 7 2-63 112 EDITIONS. ET (9) Robert Francis Kennedy, Attorney-General of U.S. (Source of following info: Who's Who, 1962-1963) Born:: Boston, Mass., November 20, 1925 Educated: Milton (Mass.) Military Academy Harvard University, (B.A. 19)48) University of Virginia Law School (11.B, 1951) Assumption College (LL.L, 1957) Married: Ethel Skakel, June 17, 1950 Served in U.S. Navy during World War II. Began legal career in U.S. Dept. of Justice. Admitted to Massachusetts bar in 1951 Appointed Attorney-General of U.S. January 1961. TRANSMITTAL OF INACTIVE PROJECT OR PERSONALITY FILE DATE 17 Jan. 1958 INSTRUCTIONS: Submit original and 2 copies to RI with file attached. Hold copy in Branch "Disposition of Records" file pending receipted copy. Checking IIa, IIIc, and Illb when warranted will speed future reference to retired material. TO : CHIEF, RI ATTN: RI/CO VIA : DIVISION OR STAFF RECORDS OFFICER FROM (Division SR/10 and Branch) SIGNATURE OF BRANCH CHIEF Alexander Sogolow, CSR/10 SECTION I FILE IDENTIFICATION F. 7.14.45fgibus CRYPTONYMS (Projects) S JECT OF Cryptonym) 421i."1 tCASE FILE NO. SECTION II STATUS OF TS MATERIAL (Check one) a. MATERIAL TO BE DOWNGRADED HAS BEEN ANNOTATED ON COVERSHEET OR FIRST PAGE OF EACH DOCUMENT AS FOLLOWS: classification). SIGNATURE OF BRANCH CHIEF OR CASE OFFICER. ORGAN- R 10-305, paragraph Ilk (3)). FORWARD FILE UNDER ITS TS COVERSHEET. this box checked, forward file under its TS coversheet.) "DOWNGRADE TO (new ! ZATI ON. DATE" (see b. 1 1 , NONE CONTAINED C. r--1 NONE CAN BE DOWNGRADED (if SECTION III STATUS OF SENSITIVE MATERIAL E.. RYBAT KAPOK, KNIXON ETC. (Check one a. NONE CONTAINED (If on ' pectic, in fI sensitive material is found it will this box he f I must be restricted to branch MATERIALS. A-fl-CHED ARE ALL COPIES AVAILABLE AFTER 'DESENSITIZING. be automatically desensi and hand arri'ed to RI.) DUE SEARCH. WHICH SHOULD, tized if this box is checked.) b. rl NONE CAN BE DESENSITIZED (If DESENSITIZE ALL SENSITIVE REROUTED AS INDICATED AFTER SECTION IV IESTRICTIONS IN RI (Check 0 N, RESTRICT TO BRANCH b. RESTRICT TO CLANDESTINE SERVICES PERSONNEL SECTION V FOLDER DATA I. NO F FOLDERS FORWARDED 2. T1ILE FOLDERS CONSTITUTE (Check o ON PROJECT/PERS. b 1INACTIVE PORTIONS OF ACTIVE PROJECT a. ALL FOLDERS SECTION VI CUSTODIAN NAII.E oily Griesamer DIVIWN BRANCH 10 4 BUILJSING 5. ROOM NO. 26,113 6. EXTE S N THIS SPACE FOR RI USE ONLY RECEIPT FOR INACTIVE PROJECT OR PERSONALITY FILE TO : CHIEF, DIVISION ATTN: CHIEF, VIA : STAFF OR DIVISION RECORDS OFFICER FILE NO (Assigned by RI) WA -, A-PRO- .201 or Case File No. FOR SERVICE ON THIS FILE CALL TiRI/ARCHIVES. EXT. 2471 RI/FILES, EXT. 769 ADDITIONAL ACTION BY RI (Check a. NOT REQUIRED _ THE ATTACHED PROJECT AGENT 1 UALS WHOSE FOLDERS HAVE LOG. A COPY OF WHICH WAS PLACED IN THE PROJECT FILE. LISTS THE NAMES OF INDIVID- BEEN REMOVED FROM THE PROJECT AND PLACED IN THE 201 FILE SERIES. FOR SERVICE CALL RI/FILES, EXT. 769. DATE RECEIVED S GNA]TURE OF RECIPIENT FOR RI FILE RECEIPTED COPY OF THIS FORM IN BRANCH "DISPOSITION OF RECORDS" FOLDER AND DE- STROY SUSPENSE COPY. RECORD ASSIGNED NUMBER ON APPROPRIATE CRYPTIC REFERENCE CARD, FORM 96 USE PREVIOUS EDIT! NS. 10.57 ECRET (47) Robert Francis Kennedy, Attorney-General of U.S. (Source of following info: lAho's Who, 1962-1963) Born:: Boston, Mass., November 20, 1925 Educated: Milton (Mass.) Military Academy Harvard University, (B.A. 1948) University of Virginia Law School (IL.B, 1951) Assumption College (LL.L, 1957) Married: Ethel Skakel, June 17, 1950 Served in U.S. Navy during World War II. Began legal career in U.S. Dept. Justice. Admitted. to Massachusetts bar in 1951 Appointed. Attorney-General of U.S. January 1961. TRANSMITTAL OF INACTIVE PROJECT OR PERSONALITY FILE DATE 17 Jan. 1958 INSTRUCTIONS: Submit original and 2 copies to RI with file attached. Hold copy in Branch "Disposition of Records" file pending receipted copy. Checking lie, IIIc, and 'lib when warranted will speed future reference to retired material. TO : CHIEF, RI ATM: RI/C0 VIA : DIVISION OR STAFF RECORDS OFFICER FROM . (Division SR/1.0 and Branch) SIGNATURE OF BRANCH CHIEF Alex der Sogolow, CSR/10 SECTION I FILE IDENTIFICATION 2 WIOUS CRYPTDNYMS (Projects) 2. SIthi8JECT OF Crypfonym) 4211L'' CASE FILE NO. SECTION II STATUS OF TS MATERIAL (Check one) . MATERIAL TO BE DOWNGRADED HAS BEEN ANNOTATED ON COVERSHEET OR FIRST PAGE OF EACH DOCUMENT AS FOLLOWS: classification). SIGNATURE OF BRANCH CHIEF OR CASE OFFICER. ORGAN' R /0-305, paragraph 11h (3)). FORWARD 0 FILE UNDER ITS TS COVERSHEET. this box checked, forward file under its TS covershee .) "DOWNGRADE TO (new IZATION, DATE" (see b. 1 1 NONE CONTAINED C. I HONE CAN BE DOWNGRADED 1f SECTION III STATUS OF SENSITIVE MATERIAL, I.E., RYBAT, KAPOK, KNIXON ETC � (Check one) NONE CONTAINED n inspection in ff sensitive material is found it will this box checked, fn., must be restricted to br MATERIALS, AT.,,CHED ARE ALL COPIES AVAILABLE AFTER "DESENSITIZING be automatically deseo ' ch and hand carricd to RI. DUE SEARCH. WHICH SHOULD tized if this box checked.) �1 NONE CAN BE DESENSITIZED (If DESENSITIZE ALL SENSITIVE BE ROUTED AS INDICATED AFTER SECTION IV E TR CT ONS IN R (Check on G . RESTR CT TO BRANCH bRESTRICT TO CLANDESTINE SERVICES PERSONNEL SECTION V FOLDER DATA I. NO. F FOLDERS FORWARDED T E FO DERS CONSTITUTE (Check on ALL FOLDERS ON PROJECT/PERS. b. I INACTIVE PORTIONS OF ACTIVE PROJECT SECTION VI CUSTODIAN I. NAijtE . Griesamer DIVIWN BRANCH 10 4 BUIL..PING S. ROOM NO '613 6. EXT I N THIS SPACE FOR RI USE ONLY RECEIPT FOR INACTIVE PROJECT OR PERSONALITY FILE TO : CHIEF, DIVISION ATTN: CHIEF, VIA : STAFF OR DIVISION' RECORDS OFFICER FILE NO. (Assigned by ) I. WASH-CIA-PRO- 2.201 or Case File No. FOR SERVICE ON THIS FILE CALL ri RI/ARCHIVES. EXT. 2471 RI/FILES, EXT. 76 -- 1. ADDITIONAL ACTION BY RI ( Check a.i NOT REQUIRED one) LOG, A COPY OF WHICH WAS PLACED IN THE PROJECT FILE, LISTS THE NAMES OF INDIVID. BEEN REMOVED FROM THE PROJECT AND PLACED IN THE 201 FILE SERIES. FOR SERVICE CALL THE ATTACHED PROJECT AGENT 1 UALS WHOSE FOLDERS HAVE RI/FILES. EXT. 769. DATE RECEIVED SIGNATURE OF RECIPIENT FOR RI FILE RECEIPTED COPY OF THIS FORM IN BRANCH �DISPOSITION OF RECORDS" FOLDER AND DE- STROY SUSPENSE COPY. RECORD ASSIGNED NUMBER ON APPROPRIATE CRYPTIC REFERENCE CARD. FORM 57 L/95 USE PREVIOUS EDI TIONS. 147) -1' AT ON REPORT This material ains information title the National Defense of the United States within the meaning spionage Laws, Title 15, V. S. C. cs. 793 and 794. the transmission or ro7elation of which in any manner to an unauthorized per. - a prohibited by law. -----, vi26 -,d: ( iNFOR PREPAREP AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY IJSSP REPORT NO. 00-- 4625 SUBJECTATE Oau/L:caion of Poasfofe Radar Scnies/trit U STRIBUTED J F DACES 3 NO, OF ENCLS. SUPPLEOENE TO REPORT , PLACE ACQUIRED (By source) USSR RESPONSIVE TO owc- I DATE ACQUIRED (By o DATE OF INFORMATION (Dirts or dotes, on or between which, events or conditioas described in repo ' Sep 55 SOURCE US able or There. wore- manytetObes of Bos AngelOs - The samtheostormapart o the. harboTA. .sav rary is a. u are the s THIS is UNEVALUATED INFORMATION � August and 5eptem3)er 1555n observak; by boat from Pahlev" Tras acroos to Baku, USSR. The boat ?las she Soviet vly painted. Although nobody spoke Tog .e. The cabins d and food never ye as te approached it from the water. You could sine'l an at least three or four hundred offshore oil de everyhere, on the hills and in the uater and t the water as we approached. It was reminiscent ore oil derricks extended out from the shore in t_ and down toward Ostrov Nargin, On the, hills Lions which I believe were radars. /on file it -t Complex Mosaic - Series 25, 0325-9999-4-25 d the location o; the two possible radar installa- X-2.SECRET,./ The installation X-1 faces at across the bay and the oil yells, al sesnef massed us at about 000. We docked at Pie't!6 cr gtion going on at any of the docks. A great deal the revolution. Before the revolution people were very few public buildings, schools or hospitals and is This has all been charged. number of nurseries in, "Lton ate being, constructed. lso a rsraaeh instii he medical profession, there was no unemployment in Balm and that 99`5 Schools for Russians and 0lzerba2Janiams are separate, for this is that evernor lUtes tg have bis ding where all the newspapers and -latazipes in 'room are publis_ At a muoit festi aa on earned that dancers are paid ar ,a is aoou USC. Evidently a They pay rent according to their To= apartment a family would have which at the schools members,. are paid rubTes ' a 1172Am cap cat both seamen and -stevedores. The union health and generally looks to the care of the the Staten The Union controls 120 ships and its mentors is Other Maritime salaries are :seamen - 1000-1500 00 ry les. ther has a grievance agement are repres a Commission to apposal his case, 'ommission, Both ships' captai_ CECRET DISTRIBUTION TATE NAVY AR I NOFORN LIMITED: Mese= offices producing NI or reserve personnel On it x e ing cc has be NO DISSEM ABROAD IA, AFC and FBI: and. within Stale and Defense, to the intelligence components, other (tntordiote supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, extorncrl projects 'duals who are normally full.time employees of CIA. AEC, FBI, State or Defense) ough the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA, - 2 - 00,-B-94823 and the union determine who is to be promoted. When I ar,:ked the guide what a seaman did if he had a grievance regarding his salary, she said that she doubted that such a thing would happen since the seamen are treated so well. 9. We visited a school for Russians. School teachers in elementary schools are paid around 1500 rubles. No US history is taught. The teachers were interested in the pay scale in the US. There are two shifts in the school in order to meet the requirements of so many students; one is from 8 to 1 and the other from 1;30 to 7. 10, At the engineering institute 40% of the students are girls, The institute is for training people in the oil trade. Geology, electrical engineering, mechanical engineering, etc, are taught. Eighty per cent of the students -are Azerbaijanians, There are 10,000 students and approximately 200 classrooms. They graduate 1000 engineers a year. 11. One rack in one of the classrooms contained nothing but US magazines, some as late as April 1955. The Director said that engineering was a universal :science and knowledge should be shared. There was a nursery in the basement for children of the students as well as teachers. 12. We visited a broadcasting station where the Assistant Director told us that no propaganda was disseminated, only. news. They broadcast in five languages, three local plus Persian and Turkish. They broadcast a lot of Azerbaijanian music which the director felt was popular in Persia. This broadcasting station was located in the center of Baku, 3 blocks from the water. They said they soon would move it about li-2 miles outside of the city, where they are also building a TV station. I believe the new location is close to the Baku stadium. The Assistant Director said he did not know how many kilowatts the station was. Actors earn about 1500 rubles. 13. We asked to see the railroad station but the guide-politely refused to permit us to se it or the oil derricks and works. We went to one of the local stores. A large, friendly, crowd gathered. Some of the local prices are:. package of cigarettes-3 rubles and 50 kopeks liter of gas 37 rubles bike 601 rubles pot 21 rubles iron 88 rubles heater (heat from center relected out) 29 rubles cheap alum. color Dot 36 rubles T shirt 26 rubles phonograph 250 rubles old tennis racquet 238 rubles large old-fashioned radio 795 rubles raincoat 210 rubles We formed a number of 'general ippressions of Baku The people are active, the city bustling and everyone is Subject to incessant Propagandc over tie loud: speakers. People must have an inferiority complex; the gaides ate ashamed of: the old city. Bureaucracy must be tremendous with the State running even the. smallest store, 16 As no one knew what a travellers check was, the guide had to bring a member of the bank up to my room and try to work something out in order to get some rubles for us. Bank officials had never heard of travellers' checks either and all asked what the American Express Co was. 17. In the stores everything is kept locked up. When you wanted to see something on a shelf the attendant would have to unlock the cabinet to show it to you. 5, file in CIA Nap Library is a USAF Target Complex hibsaic - Series 25, 0325-9999= 4-25 EA, Baku, on which source pinpointed two possible radar installations. SECRET/ Call No .VF-B-9/4112-3,. To borrows, call code 1433 ext 2596. NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED MID 6, 2/, ti 3 , / 3 / , / o122/ a /26 :2,oc 21-6 --)77 '76 7 /6 irICJ ii . LUIRARY nJ ARTA COCES � S //I A Z,C .0 _A -9 .") SEE BOTTOM OF PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CONTROLS, IF ANY This material contains information affecting the INFORMATION REPORT National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S.C. PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized per- CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY son is prohibited by law. "7---1/, COUNTRY REPORT NO. USSR 00�B-92549 SUBJECT DATE DISTRIBUTED Interview with the Deputy Tax Administrator - ? /7'`./1 / of Alma Ata/Criminal Trial NO f PAGES OF ENCLS. INC. .2, SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT e MACE ACQUIRED (By source) RESPONS VE TO Alma Ata 00/C- DATE ACQUIRED (By source) DATE OF 1NFORmATiON (Date or dates, on or between which, events or conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 Aug to Sep 55 THIS is UNEVALUATED INFORMATION SOURCE US citizen who toured Soviet Central Asia in August aid September 1955. He is a reliable source in his personal observations, l. On 25 Aug 55, around 9:30, a friend and I met with the Deputy Tax Administrator of Alma Ata., He said any worker who makes more than 260 rubles pays a tax which ranges from 1.5% to 13%. Any one making above 1000 rubles a month pays the higher tax on all above that. Just below 1000 rubles, you pay 8,5%, This tax is applicable for all workers including those working on State Farms but not for Collective Farms. The latter pay a tax based on their property and it is based on the value of the land and can be anywhere from 400 to 1200 rubles, The Ministers of Finance and Agriculture make the decision on how much the land should be valued at, In addition, the Collective Farms themselves PuY a tax. They pay no tax on the money they make on the produce they sell to the Government under contract; on everything above that amount that they sell to the Government they pay a 9% tax and on everything they sell on the free market they pay a 15;,,,/ tax. A State Farmer pays the same tax on his plot of land that a Collective Farmer does. A person owning a home in the city pays a tax based on the value of the home, 1% each year; he also pays a tax on the property he owns of 30 to 40 kopeks each square meter. � A 'actory pays a tax and, based on earnings, it is anywhere from 5 to 20%. - ( - 1G Zsic -probably yTa7 director told us they also dig irrigation ditches for Collective Farms and charge 1 ruble 40 kopeks per cubic meter, and also dig wells and depending on the ground, charge anywhere from 90 to 240 rubles Per meter (I am not sure of the accuracy of the last figures). 5. The Deputy Tax Collector whose name I do not recall, also said that collectivism was a peaceful transitorial period in Kazakhstan. He was rather a tall, thin, older man.precise with all the characteristics of an accountant. 6. After leaving the Tax Office we picked up the Chief of Police and one of his colleagues and went to the outskirts of town to hear a criminal trial that was going on, The Court House didn't look like one and was in an out-of-the-way place up some dirt streets. The defendant, a man dressed poorly in a pair of slacks and white shirt was charg-A with assault and battery; 1 don't know the Russian term other than they repeatedly referred to it as hooliganism.. Eviden- tly, the man got drunk, went down to his office, used vile language, insulted women, threatened to throw certain people out the window and hit a 70-year old man with a chair. The Court7consisting of a woman as Chief Judge and two men as Assistants (one middle aged and one with a blue tee-shirt on in his early 2015)pfirst called to see if all the witnesses were present, Four were in the court but three were absent, The Court then asked the Prosecutor to comment on their absence. He stated they all had been unavoidably detained in other places but that their testimony was not necessary to the case and it would be satisfactory with him for the case to go on. The Court then asked the defen- dant's counsel and the defendant who also both gave their consent that the trial be held. The Court then asked all the witnesses to stand, told them they should DISTRIBUTION TATE ARMY NAVY AIR FBI NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED LIMITED: Dissemination limited to full-time employees of CIA. AEC and FBI: and, within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing NIB elements, and higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, external projects . or reserve personnel on short term active duty (excepting individuals who are normally full-time employees of CIA, AEC. FBI, State or Defense) paid= the written permission of the originating office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA, - 2 - 00-2792549 tell the truth for, if they didn't, they would be subjected to prosecution them- selvesland then asked them to step over to the desk to sign a statement that they would tell the truth and understood the consequences if they did not. The defendant was then called, asked his name and his family history by the Chief Judge, a Kazakh who looked rather pitiless and when not question-r1 herself, rather bored. The Judge then said that the defendant had admitted his 'guilt and bu ex- plained why be did it. The defendant said he had had 150 grams of vodka, that when. he was young he had fallen on his head and that he had also been thrown on his head -while horseback riding and that he didn't have control over himself when he drank. He said he couldn't remeMber specifically what he had done but he was sorry. The Judge asked him about his home life and he said he had a boy and a girl but that he didn't like his wife. A woman witness was then called. She told about the prisoner coming into the office" being loud and boisterous and insulting her. She was dressed in white with dark stockings, was lame and had quite a pretty face. She was asked some questions by the Judge, tone by the prosecutor, and was asked by defense counsel if she had been present at the time the defendant had begun physically fighting with the old man. To which she replied no. She also brought out that the prisoner and the old man worked at the same job-counters, which I guess is our bookkeeper, that the prisoner had worked at that job for some 25 years and that the two men did not get along at all well together. 9. Another woman testified to assaults by the prisoner and to his beating the man with the chair, and how he had come into the office and the men had gotten him to leave once, that he bad returned, insulted all the women generally, threatened to throw people out the -window and hit the man. 10. Another woman witness was called. She told a story similar to the first woman's. She looked the stern though pompous tyre and it developed� during the course of the Judge's cross-examinationythat shc 1:id only been present a short time during the fracas, but was telling the story based on what she had gathered from other people. The defendant himself asked this woman questions as to how she could come and testify to something she knew nothing about, and said further she had a reputation for being a gossip. 11. A :ee Kazakh worker in the office, was called. He told the same story as the second woman. Be said the manager tried to get the prisoner to give up factory papers and money that he was carrying around because he would lose them and that this infuriated the prisoner so he said he wasn't trusted and was going to throw everyone out the window. 12. The Judge asked the man whether the prisoner was good at his work. He replied that he didn't know because he hadn't been -working long enough but he didn't think the management thought much of him. The prisoner asked him if he saw him hit the victimr on the head with the chair and said if he had done that he would have killed him. 13 The prosecutor summed up and said that hooliganism could not be tolerated and that this man should be imprisoned The Defense Attorney, in a very impassionate speech, said the Court should take with consideration the fact that the man did not have full control of himself mentally since his fall during his youth, that he had been drink- ing, that he left once and then drank some more and came back and that was when he caused trouble and it showed when he left that he was trying to behave by the fact he left once. The summation lasted some 15 minutes and was very emotional.. Be pointed out that Soviet Lau specifically excludes from penalty for things such as this, people who are demented. The Prosecution then produced a Doctor's certificate saying the prisoner was alright mentally. The Defense Attorney again said the. prisoner should not go to jail. The Court asked the prisoner if he had anything to say. He asked not to be sent to jail .and the Court recessed to consider the verdict. 14. Two Militiamen guarded the prisoner who sat in a box during the trial,. 15 Rules of evidence certainly seemed relaxed. 16. Afterwards we learned that the man received as a sentence a fine of 20% of his salary for a six months' period, to be paid to the State. 9P-3-' 79/ ?/ / NOFORN Lit ARV "1...17r7r COE,ES '6 BET NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED 75'ff-Em04-4-;- SEE BOTTOM OFPAGEFOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CONTROLS, IF ANY INFORMATION REPORT This material contains in) ormation affecting th National Defense of the United States within th, meaning of the Espionage laws. Title 18. U.S.0 Sacs. ygg and 794. the transmission or revelatior of which In any manner to an unauthorised per . is prohibited by law. PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY USSR REPORT NO. 00-B-92547 SUBJECT State Machine Factory in Novosibirsk/City Government and Income DATE DISTRIBUTED 67 /17,--16." NO. OF PAGEs NO. OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT v PI ACE ACQUIRED (By source) Novosibirsk RESPONSIVE TO 00/C. DATE ACQUIRED (By source) Aug to Sep 55 DATE OF INFORMATION (Date or dates, on or between which, events or conditions described is report existed) Aug to Sep 55 SOURCE US citizen He is a reliable . On 29 Aug factory. wage scale 2. The Director engineer was heavy machine machines, . The machines and Germany, were bought chased after 4. The engineer the machines 5. Once again We were obviously . Afterwards, cellent props ier hung tumbling, books as There was national work. There jects and technical 7. There is planned in are being nicest I . In a talk stores are stores get they can ous criminal . The city come from received the factories. ing of the 10. There are for use of necessary, THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION who toured Soviet Central Asia in August source in his personal observations. 55, while in Novosibirsk, USSR, a friend The factory has 3,500 employees of whom is between 840 and 2,500 rubles. of the plant whose name I do not recall friendly. They showed us a part of tools, such as the machines that they giant presses, etc. they use in the ple7nt were made for predominately the first two. The engineer prior to World War II and they had no the war. said that the biggest bore they make they make weigh as much as 350 tons. we saw women doing some of the heaviest an oddity and attracted a good we visited the workers' club. They on the stage and a very-fine seating from the ceiling. There was also a small etc. There was a library with 35 thousand Dreiser, Howard Fast, Jack London, translated a lecture room where talks were given and September 1955. and I visited a State machine one third are women. The was frosty, although the the plant where they out have in their plant, boring the most part in the US, UX said that these machines machines in their plant pur- is two meters and that some 0 and most intricate work deal of attention. had a regular theater with ex- arrangement. A large shandel gym room for basketball, volumes with such American into Russian and availabl to the workers on politics, inte might interest them in their lectures on the first two sub- from the Institute or some artificial lake is being poor housing. Many flats opera house is one of the we learned that the retail owned by the state. Retail and are told how much they can make. It is a seri- have been told you can. operations. It receives its in. Li.957 for instance, the city over 400 thousand rubles from development" such as the build pays the city two rubles machines, refrigeration, if - end - situation, and scientific events which is a lecture bureau which provides for latter subjects, lectures might come union. much building going on in the town. An an area where there seemed to be rather constructed. The square in front of the saw in the USSR. with the Deputy of the US.Yor at lunch, owned by the city and the factories are their produce from State-controlled factories charge for all items and how much profit offense to charge other than what you makes a little profit each year in its stores, taxes, and industry. Last year 300,000 rubles from stores and taxes and This money is used for "cultural artificial lake. 12 private markets in the city. A customer a stall, He els� ha S uSe of weighing and sanitary or health inspection. STATE ARMY NAVY DISTRIBUTION AIR FBI NOFORN NO DISSEM ABBOAD LIMITED LIMITED: Dissemination limited to full-time employees of CIA. AEC and FBI; and, within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing NIS elements, and higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, external projects or reserve personnel on short term active duty (excepting individuals who are normally full-time employees of CIA, AEC, FBI, State or Defense) unless the written permission of the originating office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA, -t- LkEiiRARY SUBJECT & e/t-o7 - C:4:.;;LI'kf 4 id 6.294/ 7C.2,20 3 6 4-94/ 7e-i/ a-94( ere/. 4-2.2. 6 n_P /0 I- 3 7f L, 2_741 576w-7s a -i3 Y--e,16 4i 8 SEE BOTTOM OF PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CONTROLS, IF ANY INFORMATION REPORT This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the tranweission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized per. son is prohibited by law. PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY _ I CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY USSR ,O37e g76, REPORT NO. oo�B-92546 SUBJECT Flight From Alma Ata to Barnaul/Airports at Taldy Furgan and Semi Palatinok/Impressions of Barnaul/Population DATE DISTRIBUTED 9 A.-/-'..e. -574 NO. OF PAGES .2, NO. OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT e PLACE ACQUIRED (By source) Taldy Kurgan/Semipalatinsk/iarnaul RESPONSIVE TO 00/C. DATE ACQUIRED (By source) Aug to Sep 55 DATE OF INFORMATION (Date or dates, on or between which, events or conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 SOURCE US citizen who toured He is a reliable 1. On 26 Aug 55, my Ata was made of dirt. Semipalatinsk. The tinsk we saw about the planes very well behind a brick wall, way but we could couple of hundred on the airfield .. large--- ..... factory ,./- -.L . There was a bridge cars to pass one THIS Soviet source friend runways four but five only see yards at Semipalatinsk: / ).- a: 1-i over another IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION Central Asia in August in his personal observations. and I left Alma Ata for On the way to Barnaul we at Taldy Kurgan were two-engine fighters or light their tails looked as if or six feet high, which them when we were taking away. The following sketch Planes Nit Brick and September Barnaul. The runway stopped at Taldy-Kurgan also of dirt. At bombers. I they were jets. was fairly close off. They must shows where the wall constructed concrete Runway constructed concrete blocks It was wide six sections shaped supported by kinds of country. periodically we flew little thatched from Alma Ata to Some three Thereare a large in Central Asia. about 15 minutes 1955. at Alma and at Semipala- couldn't see They were to the run- have been a planes were of blocks of square enough for two like this five Lsig The hills over herds houses or hutE Barnaul which is million Runway Hexagonal ID t. old log cabin adminis - tration build - ing. the Irtysh at Semipalatinsk. and consisted of about <-. These six sections were concrete pillars. \ N. 3. On our flight to Barnaul we flew over different below changed colors from yellow to purple and of sheep or cattle and once in a while over lonely The day was overcast. It is a six-hour flight in Siberia. It has a population of about 300 thousand, hectares of virgin soil have been cultivated. and a match factory in the city. . It is far different from the cities we had seen as we came into the airport. For some reason, textile factory It was raining before we came DISTRIBUTION STATE AR NAVY AIR FBI NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED LIMITED: Dissemination limited to full-time employees of CIA, AEC and FBI: and, within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing MIS elements, and higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, external projects or reserve personnel on short feral active duty (excepting individuals who are normally full-time employees of CIA, AEC, FBI. State or Defense) trams the written permission of the originating office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination. grA, - 2 - 00-9-92546 in sight of Barnaul, we vent down to 100 meters and shimmed over the ground. It was very rough in the rain and without seat belts we bounced around a bit. The dreari- ness of the weather undoubtedly contributed to cne's impression of the city-, but the bright colorful costumes were missing and the immediate thing to strike you are the log houses. All but the very new apartment buildings are made of logs. In addition, not many of the streets are paved. There are many streets made of cobblestones;: you sink up to your ankle in dry dust when you walk along. The sidewalks are the same way, though packed down a little more. 5. The workers homes we passed all had interesting and bright shutters and doors or gates. Often the wood on the edges of the houses had some design on it. The cur- tains in the windows all seemed to have some cut design in them. The women seemed to be in shawls more than the other places we had been. At first, however, the peo- ple seemed to be friendly, however, when I could not answer them in their language and said I was American, their facial expressions changed considerably. 6. The workers homes mentioned above have small yards and rent for 50 to 120 rubles depending on the quality of the house. The flats rent for 26 to -65 rubles 70 kopeks depending on the workerd salary and number of rooms in the flat. - end - UERARY SUBJECT 17.:_fL.14 757- V c46/ 75-41, b NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD 6P) LIMITED SEE BOTTOM OF PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CONTROLS, IF ANY IN REPORT This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized per- son is prohibited by law. PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY USSR D s:78S 77 REPORT NO, 00�B92427 SUBJECT Tashkent/Mosque/Appellate Trail/ITS and Collec- tive Farm Income and Statistics. DATE DISTRIBUTED , o, -, ? ,4"-e& ...,b NO. OF PAGES 2...., NO. OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT 0 PLACE ACQUIRED (By solace) Tashkent RESPONSIVE 10 00/C- OAT! ACQUIRED (By source) Aug to Sep 55 DATE OF INFORmATION (Date or dates, on or between which, events or conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION SOURCE US citizen who toured Soviet Central Asia in August and September 1955. He is a reliable source in his personal observations. l. Mile in Tashkent in August 1955, a friend and 1 visited a lbsque. Our guide had been very anxious for us to meet the rlillohs there. There was a large crowd, far bigger than we had met elsewhere. Thc :"-2.11ah of the Mosque said that he had been to Mecca in 1953 and that about ten Mullahs had gone last year. Their trips are paid for by the Church. . Afterward we had a visit with the rafti who is 96 years old. He had been to Mecca in the 19201s. They explained to us, upon being questioned, (all questions and answers had to be translated from Englich to Russian to Uzbek and when questions were addressed to the rati, his son the Yallah had to ask him directly because of his deafness) that the Church was absolutely free in Uzbekistan, that neither the police nor the 141/D interferred with them but that in the past, had on occasion helped them out when they had such large crowds that they could not handle them. . They asked questions as to why in 1948 when one of them was in Mecca there were 60 representatives from the USSR anti only one from the US. We explained that there were not many Moslems in the US. Also one of them, the one who did the translations from Russian to Uzbek, said he heard that the Mosque being erected in Washington was not going to be headed by a real Moslem and was that right. We said that we understood that it was being headed by a Mullah from Turkey but were not sure. . After a big banquet of a dozen courses the Mullah gave a short speech on the fact that there was freedom of religion in the USSR. I asked allunch if they saw any conflict between the teachings of their Church and Communism. After much trans- lating, the answer I received through Nick was how could there be when the Communist Government had nothing to do with the Church 3 they are completely separate. 5. We asked if many Mullahs were executed for crimes that were done against the Revolution. The Multah explained that there were several who tried to oppose the will of the people and they were executed or put in prison but have been released. He was unsure of the number but thought two or three. Later we stopped in on an Apellate trial and actually it was more like a clemency hearing. A man had been sentenced to two Years for hooliganism and his attorney, a woman, was trying to get it reduced to a year because he was the head of a family and because he had served with distinction against the Fascists in World Par II. The state prosecutor opposed it because he said the state could not tolerate hooliganism (the defense attorney-had said this also). The trial was conducted in Uzbek. There were three judges, of which the chief and another were women. 7. On 17 Aug 55, we visited an NTS and a collective farm near Tashkent. We arrived at the La'S around 9:45 and were taken to a TOOM for a conference with the direct� He had a homey bust of Stalin with a child, in addition to pictures of the vari- ous Communist leaders, in his office. DISTRIBUTION STATE ARMY NAVY AIR FR! NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED LIMITED: Dissemination limited to full-time employees of CIA. AEC and FBI; and. within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing NIS elements, and higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, external projects or reserve personnel on short term active duty (excepting individuals who are normally full-time employees of CIA,. AEC. FBI, State or Defense) unless the written permission of the originating office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination. CIA, - 2 - 00-3- 92427 6. He explained that this 3ES serviced six farms, that he bad 364 workers of_which 240 worked exclusively on tractors, These workers lived on the factory- Zsig and were paid by the collective farm through the LIS at the going rate on the farm. The farms pay different prices to the kITS for the use of the tractors, depending on the types of crops being raised. If cotton is the crop they furnish 11% of the total number of kilograms of cotton raised on the farm. If watermelons, they pay the 14TH 34 rubles for each hectare of watermelons; this is paid no matter whether it is a good year or bad year, good crop or bad crop, (One 14TH director told US that this IRS had an income of five million rubles of which three million were profit. I am not sure that we had a mutual understanding of income and profit.) 9. The MTS has its own nursery which we visited. The childrenpwho were very cute,re- cited a poem for us. There were a nuMber of nurses around. They are paid be- tween 450 and 550 rubles a month plus board and room as is the supervisor. The children can go to the nursery up to three years of age, There were sleeping and eating accommodations for them which looked very neat and clean. The super- visor, as no were leaving, said they. had some US nursery books for the children. 10. We then visited one of the six collective farms serviced by the MTS. We were taken in to visit with the head man. The room we sat in had pictures of the Communist leaders including Mao Tse Tung. The farm had 1050 hectares of Which approximately 920 hectares were planted in cotton. There are 731 families on the farm and there are a total of 1361 workers of which about 700 are working on cotton. Il� In addition to the cotton, they have 132 cows which give milk at an average of 1900 liters per year, 3500 sheep, 260 horses. They have a hospital, school and an old Mosque where the director said quite a large number of people go on Friday, 12. The income to the farm in 1954 was 13,714,000 rubles. Cotton is produced at a rate of about 35 centners a hectare, 13. Each family is alloted 1300 square meters of land for himself, During the period 1930-1933, the rate of production was only five centners a hectare. 14. We visited the cotton growing fields- and the barns where the cows were being brought in to be milked. We had tea and fruit and then they took us to lunch where there were dozens of courses and toasts. I found some of our hosts acting upset when we didn't bottom's up and after the second or third drink they were putting water in their glasses and acting like it was vodka. 15. Our host toasted the fact that at one time they felt themselves to be a proud people, colony of Russ5a, but now the Russians had done so much for them in industry and agriculture that they could not help but feel grateful and so we toasted the Russian people. 16. The farm was very impressive ,As it looked very rich, the MIS which operates from Moscow through the local state government was also impressive, 17. Everyone was very friendly and they all sent greetings to the US people. They also expressedaviewpoint that exchanges of the agricultural delegates was a forerunner of a closer relationship between the USSR and the US. NOFORN - end - LMRIARY SUBJECT & CODES 4/el_ 6g- 91-9 9.,4A./17 9412-fl' 94�.264/ , NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED SEE BOTTOM OF PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CONTROLS, IF ANY C E fs' REPORT This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized per. son is prohibited by law. C. II T.. IN PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY (1 __-.) USSR D S'-ix 77 y REPORT NO. oo�B-92420 SUBJECT Flight FTOM Frunze to Alma Ate/Airport/Alma Ata/ Population Statistics/Candy Factory/University Of Alma Ata/Agricultural Exerimental Center/ Visit to a Collective Farm/YTS/Visit to an Apple Collective Farm DATE DISTRIBUTED 5:/ ,,A--eZ `...'7--, NO. OF PAGES 3 NO OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT e PLACE ACQUIRED My soarce) Alma Ata RESPONSIVE TO DATE ACQUIRED (By source) Aug to Sep 55 DATE OF INFORMATION (Date or dates, on or between which, events or conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 SOURCE Up citizen Ho is a reliable 1.. 'We flew from there were and finally we changed again on which airport was another 2. Alma Ata met at the spoke English cars for 3. The streets Asian houses, seemed 4.. We visited The minimum five percent was a man engineers They get union, as The union to put on factory. 5. Kazakh is France, Germany various parts - On 23 Aug and 10 or members split There is is to keep around the to Kazakstan THIS Is UNEVALUATED INFORMATION who toured Soviet Central Asia in August and September 1955. source in his personal observations __-_-�e. to Alma Ata. The airport at Frunze had a dirt runway and mountains to our right for awhile then plains, then rolling hills mountains of seven or eight thousand feet which we crossed and then direction and came into Alma Ate with high snow-capped mountains our right. 'Then we reached Alma Ata the pilot did not seem to know to land at hut finally he selected the one to the East. There dirt runway but we made a smooth landing. is a very beautiful city with a population of 500 thousand. We were plane by the manager of the hotel, the -manager of the airlines who and a VOKS representative who also spoke English. There were three our use. of Alma Ate were all paved and although there were the usual Central the city seams prosperous. The room accommodations in the hotel a candy factory of about 1,000 employees who worked in three shifts. wage is 700 to 800 rubles; the maximum wage is 2000 rubles. Seventy of the workers were women, 30 to 35% were Kazakhs. The manager who said that Kazakhs were working out well and that ten of his were Kazakhs. He had gone to school in Leningrad to learn his trade. their sugar from beets. The manager of the plant in a member of the of course, is the chief engineer who was an attractive Russian /roman. has pioneer camps and resorts although the factory does too. We had white coats as in a hospital before being allowed to go into the a very large area, 3,000 kilometers across and bigger than Italy, and Benelux combined. They have many different problems in the of the country. 55, we visited the University of Alma Ata and were met by the Rector 12 of the faculty. They have 3,500 students and about 350 faculty into eight different departments. The school was founded in 1934. a Communist group of about 400 members in the school and their purpose students and faculty up to snuff. Most of the discussion centered events of the 192015 and 30's in Kazakstan The Russians first came in 1730 but came back in 1860 to stay. There were three who evi- most of the land during that period and the status quo was remain. The professors said there was not much opposition /o the over because there was an active, though underground, Communist in Kazakstan during the early 1900s and, in addition, the ordinary Communism. There was only opposition from the Kulaks but they saw the light and came to appreciate the new system. None of them was However, some who opposed Communism were taken to other sections and now even they like Communism and see their former mistake. dently controlled allowed to Soviets taking organization peasant welcomed gradually liquidated. of the country DISTRIBUTION AIR STATE AR NAVY FBI NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED LIMITED: Dissemination limited to full-time employees of CIA. AEC and FBI: and, within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing RIB elements, and higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, external projects or reserve personnel on short term active duty (excel:44 individuals who are normally full-time employees of CIA. AEC, FBI, State or Defense) unless the written permission of the originating office ham been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, em, 00-3-92420 We asked them about Caroe's book &:See 00-.8-924/2-.V. Both professors who were experts of this part of the country said they were familiar with the book and that the statistics that he gave on the liquidation of Kazakh were lies and that there had been something published in the Soviet press to that effect when the book was published. We then asked them how they explained the 1926 and 1939 census which showed a 30% drop in number of Kazakbs. They said they were not familiar with the figures. They said that there had been some figures during the 1920s but no one died of starvation because of the help of the Soviet government and there was no famine during the 1930's, They said it was possible that there were a few people who opposed collectivization and left the country but that most of them had returned - by now for they had heard the good reports from the country. Finally one of the professors said possibly the Soviet census figures were wrong, and that it was often difficult to get those things absolutely correct. We asked them if they had beard of the historian Togan who -wrote about this area. There was a stir among the pro- fessors but the two experts said they had not. We explained that Togan who was in the area during the 1920Is and 30Is reported wholesale opposition to collectivism and heavy liquidation of nomads by the authorities. The professors said he must have been in error. 7, The Rector asked how the school system works in the US; how a student pays his bills, etc. He also pointed out that altbough the USSR gets US scientific periodicals, the US evidently does not get those of the USSR because none of them was even men- tioned as quoted and he wanted to know if that was a lack of interest, 8. We then drove out 30 kilometers to visit one of the six experimental centers in Kazakstan, It services about 20 different sub-stations, which in turn service their respective collective farms. It has been in operation since 1939, has over 1,000 hectares and is working on ways to improve corn, wheat, alfalfa,barleye etc. We were shown some examples of winter wheat where they had been able to get more than 40 centners per hectare and some US summer wheat which only yielded 19 centners per hectare. We were told that that was nothing against US wheat but that summer wheat never did as well as winter wheat. 9. We were told that they were just starting with corn this year Z19527 and were going to plant some three million hectares. We saw one of the fields of corn which was as high as Iowa corn, Later we were to pass corn on other farms where it wasn't much higher than one's waist, 10. The Director introduced us to a young girl who had perfected one of the new types of corn and an elderly man who had perfected a new type of wheat. 11. We drove to visit a brigade of Collective Farms which has 13 thousand hectares of plow land and about 60 thousand for grazing. They have over 30 thousand sheep, 2,000 cattle, 900 horses and grow wheat, corn and beets. One man can handle two hectares of beets, 10 hectares of corn and 40 hectares of wheat which for the earth is very good in the USSR. They explained that everything was mechanized and that is why they do things so efficiently. -There was a visible stir, however, when we told them, in answer to a question, that one man handled 55 hectares of corn in the US. 12 There are some 900 families living on the farm and about 1500 workers. The minimum income is 15 thousand rubles and the maximum is 30 thousand. They each own iohectare of land and pay a tax of some 300 rubles which is the only tax a collective farmer pays. They get about a 5,000-ruble income from this plot of land, 13: The girl in charge of the corn said that in one lot they had,. they expected to get 100 centners a hectare but on some of the other lots only 40-50. Here they grow one ear to a stalk. We wnt to see the MIS which serves this farm and .four others.. Although payment is fixed it is based on the yield from the land. If the land yields a certain amount of centners a hectare, you pay so much; if it yields more, you pay a little more; if less you pay a little less. The MIS has about- 600 employees most of -whom live on Collective Farms, However there are 32 experts who live on the station. They help farmers with cattle and sheep, provide veterinarian services, supply types of grain to use, etc. This service is free to the farm. There are about 240 tractor drivers and 18 maintenance men, The NTS is in the process of expanding and new buildings are going up. 15. Cows on Collective Farms give around 2400 liters of milk with butter fat content four percent. A collective farm has about 90 camels. 0 IC _ItT I NOFORN NO DEsTNTABROAD LIMITED - 3 - 00-B- 92420 16. The Director of the 1.TS had three pictures of Marx in three different offices. This was the first time I had ever seen him displayed so prominently. There were of course the usual pictures of Stalin and Lenin and a statue of the two of them outside, There was also the usual loudspeaker with the radio going he'te as at the experimental station.; music and lectures. 17. On 24 Aug 55, we visited an apple collective farm near Alma Ata. The farm has about-4000 hectares of which 470 are in apples, 70 of thoSe are new trees. In addition they grow 'wheat and corn and have around 11,000 sheep, 900 horses and 50 camels. There are about 900 familiee and 1300 workers. The minimum income is 15 thousand rubles and the maximum 112 thousand with the average around 40 thousand. Betcea 15 and 25.; of a worker's income comes from his own private lot of * of a hectare. One man takes care of one hectare of apples; one man can handle 17 hectares of wheat. They have 290 hectares of corn and one man handles three or four hectares., The apples and trees were wonderful looking. NOFORN C -K7,-D--T NO DISSENi ABROAD :45:3,360 LIMITED SEE BOTTOM OF PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL COnTROLS,IF ANY ... REPORT This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which M any manner to an unauthorized per. S011 is prohibited by hawD 32,6( 62 ill INFORMATION PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY USSR REPORT NO. 00-13-92548 SUBJECT Barnaul Airport/Jet Sightings/171ight to Novosibirsk/Population/Legal Information/Visit to Shoe Factory/Production/Wages DATE DISTRIBUTED F Z 5 6 NO. OF PAGES / 9 .o....., NO. OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT PLACE ACQUIRED (By source) Barnaul/Novosibirsk RESPONSIVE TO 00/C DATE ACQUIRED (By source) Aug to Sep 55 DATE OF INFORMATION (Dote or dates, on or between which. events or conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 SOURCE US citizen He is a reliable 1. On 28 Aug port we saw place where dirt and although AT:. It was Novosibirsk, Novosibirsk time of is coal We were Justice The Chief with remarkable throat. elected, Courts and evidently Police Court The lawyers we learned and they If there dual to . We discussed population Supreme could do 6. We asked The Chief however, he could and finally had ever 7. We then women, on tor said 680 to 2,000-2,200 There is and management, and examine THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION who toured Soviet Central Asia in August SOUTCC in his personal observations. 55, a friend and I left Barnaul for Novosibirsk. a half a dozen or so two-engine-type we actually saw jets flying. The runway I don't see 'bow some planes get off of they did adiit that they have Some crackups. a fairly rough trip and we flew very Re saw a lot of farm land on the way. (referred to as Ne ' Siberia) is a city the revolution the population was only approximately mining about 300 kilometers to the east. met at the plane by the Chief Judge of the and the Secretary and Deputy of the Mayor. Judge was a short man with a mustache frequency and spent the rest of He sits on the court with 16 other judges. for a five-year term. They handle cases very important cases such as murder. the same as the District Court, handles cases, petty larceny, etc. are set up in the same fashion as in was that if lawyers want to go into partnership receive their share of their salary every are more than three in the law firm, the make the split in fees among the lawyers. -whether any one in the Soviet Union from one area to another. At first Soviet could order or allow that, but then that in the USSR. if a man could leave his job and go to Judge said that as in the US anyoneTan)move that a person would have to get permission move. If that was refused, he could appeal to the Courts.(They all denied that moved groups of citizens,) went to visit the shoe factory. It employs two eight-hour shifts. The youngest that these were school children on vacation. with the average between 1,000 and September 1955. ----- At the Barnaul air- jet planes. It was the only of the Barnaul airport was it. The pilots are very good We left Barnaul at 10:45 low on the one-hour flight to of 800 thousand. At the 50 thousand. There Oblast, the '%inister of I do not remember their name-.3 who handled vodka and toasts the afternoon clasping his He is appointed, not on appeal from the People's The People's Court -which is small petty cases such as Central Asia. One thing new together, they may month from the "Society". President appoints the indivi- has the right to move groups of the Chief-Judge said only the everyone denied that anyone another part of the Soviet Union freely. It develoPods from his employer before to the Trade Union Council the Minister of the Interior 2,400 workers, the majority employee can be 16 and the direc- The wage scale ranges fron and 1,500. plant. They advise, help workers _ the workers politically a Communist Party Organization in the assist in policy discussions, educate complaints. - DISTRIBUTION STATE A NAVY AIR FBI NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED LIMITED: Dissemination limited to full-time employees of CIA.. AEC and FBI: and, within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing NIB elements, and higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, external projects or reserve personnel on short term active duty (excepting individuals who are normally full-time employees of CIA, AEC, FBI, State or Defense) unless the written permission of the originating office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA, - 2 - 00-,2-92548 The government sets the minimum wage and the factory then can pay anything above that. The factory has a Union, part of a larger union, and does its "collective, bargaining" with it, If new machinery is going to be installed Which will deprive workers of their jobs, the Union is consulted. However, it is understood, at least in this factory, that no worker will be deprived of his job; it is guaranteed, and if he is displaced for any reason they will give him another job in the factory at the same salary, 10. They produce 14 thousand pairs of shoes a day. One pair of black, ankle-high working shoes, we were told, cost 70 rubles in the stores. They produce five different types of shoes. 11 We toured the factory. Women were doing most of the work, glueing soles, nailing them, putting in shoelaces and all the steps toward making the finished product. 12. They buy their leather from another factory.. The Minister tells them how mtic.h they have to pay for the leather. It is a yearly contract. (The Deputy Mayor said 60% of Novosibirsk works for the City)- 13. There is a nursery in the factory with 140 children. - end - ?ttA,RY & ARIZA CODES Bie - Jaz. 7S2, /p9A/ tit 6c-757 6,YA/ 7)9.63 8 E C- R g -T NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD IIIITED SEE BOTTOM OF PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CONTROLS, IF ANY --(3.1*2-81-4---T- I N FORMATION REPORT ' This material contains informatioti affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized per. son is prohibited by law. 901 PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY USSR ,D37tSso�6 REPORT NO, 00-- 8-92545 SUBJECT Foreign language Institute in Alma Ate. DATE DISTRIBUTED --, r "h'-� ?, � NO. OF PAGES NO. OF ENCLS, SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT e PLACE ACQUIRED (By source) Alma Ata RESPONSIVE TO 00/C. DATE ACQUIRED (By source) Aug to Sep 55 DATE OF INFORMATION Mate or dates, on or between which, events or conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 SOURCE US citizen He in a reliable . un ?-) _vg o-',e I- teic1I-Is There are whom they courses in not know, Kazakh, but Pa sian Then courses are 2. The Director Education. add a course Everything . A girl graduating 800 rubles. with the . There are to write. not consider 5. We talked He said he Dewey is their books THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION who toured Soviet Central Asia in August cource in his ner'-:onal o5servat:.onc. ,-y-), n TJ ...end anu J -cub to -Lsit -Gne Pnreiqn .1 ,ta. -1c -,EC50-C -SS not there hat ho taught Lnglish. ih-,:il ,-,,,,asses nave 100 teachers and they teach French, German teach then go out to secondary schools Chinese but they were dropped for some several years ago. T-ey also used to they arc also no longer given because he comes to the school and that is given, said they get their orders on what He is appointed by the Head Minister in Italian to the curriculum, they emanates from him. from the Institute and going out Her salary would be increased about maximum around 1500 rubles. entrance examinationsgiven in Soviet literature, They not use aptitude tests. They them scientific. also to a man teacher who could speak taught the history of pedagogy and they discussed in class. They also discuss are recommended reading. - end - AREA RY 3noKU ' _..... t3i O. i /3,V and September Lnn,---,nages we ta-;17..ed to one anywhere from 12 and English. to teach. They reason which our have courses in Russian a student is presumed the language in which to teach from the in Moscow. If they have to go to the to teach would every five years doctrine have not studied English and taught touch on the US Rousseau and Locke , C 1955. ------ ---- 11-7,'"ti- of the 34 to 15 students, The students used to have teacher did and to know the Minister of want to Minister. make about about 15, and ability them but (.7,o pedagogy. system. John and some of 'CODES ' -76,), 07 ta3A7 320 RET DISTRIBUTION STATE ARMY NAVY AIR FBI NOFORN NO DISSEIVI ABROAD LIMITED LIMITED: Dissemination limited to full-time employees of CIA. AEC and FBI; and. within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing NIS elements, and higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, external projects or reserve personnel on short term active duty (excepting individuals who are normally hill-time employees of CIA, AEC, FBI. State or Defense) erdess the written permission of the originating office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, gm, _ SEE BOTTOM OF PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CONTROLS, IF ANY IN REPORT This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18. U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794. the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized per- son is prohibited by lawv932A,693 PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY USSR REPORT NO. 00�B-92544 SUBJECT Novosibirsk Dam and New Ob River Bridge DATE DISTRIBUTED .,-... - NO. OF PAGES -2, NO. OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT # PLACE ACQUIRED (By source) Novosibirsk RESPONSIVE To DATE ACQUIRED (BY source) Aug to Sep 55 DATE OF INFORMATION (Date or dates, on or between which, events or conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION V ' -- SOURCE US US citizen who toured Soviet Central Asia in August and September 1955 . ,..--- ,--- _-- ,-- He is a reliable source in his personal observations. ' On 29 Aug 55, a friend and I visited the Novosibirsk Dam which is about 30 kilometers south of the city, I believe. The dam was begun in 1950 and by 1957 will have five of the seven reactors operating. They expect the dam to produce 400 thousand Rilowats. There are 5,000 workers on the project, about 30% of whom are women. The dam will be partly gravel, sand and dirt and partly concrete, the latter the smaller portion. Its-estimated cost is one billion rubles. A lake will be formed by it, 220 kilometers long and 10 kilometers wide. Already steps are being taken to evacuate certain villages and homes from the area to be flooded. The dam will be about 28 meters higl"_. The water flowing past the point where it is being constructed is at the rate of 35 cen per second. When the dam is completed, it will be at the rate of six meters' per second. . The gravel, earth and sand fill in is already in the process of being done. The job is handled by high pressure water pushing the earth out. The engineer said he doubted that there would be any settlement after a month's period because the foundation was sand. 3. This is not the biggest darn in the USSR as that is the 800 thousand kilowatt Dnepr Darn, but it is of quite considerable magnitude, In addition to the dam, a canal is being built around the dam. It has three locks, for shipping. 4, A village of 5,000 families has been established very near the construction work There the workers and their families live. There are nursery schools as well as secondary schools up to the 10th grade. There is also a fine looking workers' club -which looked like a church. 5. I was impressed with the number of women doing heavy manual work. Shoveling, lifting bricks and lumber, driving heavy equipment, walking through and shovel- ing mud while dressed in hip-high boots. . The work is to continue during the winter although then they do less excavation and more pouring of concrete because the temperature goes down to 400 below zero There is a ferry propelled by a tug which carries workers from one side of the river to the other. It is an immense project and the engineer was very impressive. Afterwards, we went to visit the bridge that is being constructed over the river Ob to join the two halves of Novosibirsk. All that exists now, except for the two railroad bridges, is a pontoon bridge for passengers and motor vehicles. When we crossec over that, later in the day, it was an extremely slow trip and I noticed, coming from the other side, a cart pulled by a donkey with quite a considerable number of cars backed up behind him and no room to pass. The bridge was constructed during World -War II and seems now to be a favorite place for fishing. . The new bridge is to be 1100 meters long (the actual bridge) and its cost, 125 million rubles. There are 700 workers on the project and about 30% are women. DISTRIBUTION STATE STATE ARMY NAVY AIR vol - NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED warm Dissemination limited to full-time employees of CIA. AEC and FBI: and. within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing NIB elements, and higher echelons with their immectilatp�,maporting staffs. Not-to be disseminated to consultants, external projects or reserve personnel on short term active duty (excepting individuals,Ao;are normally full-time employees of CIA, AEC, FBI, State or Defense) unless the written permission of the originating office has been obidir4tikpagh the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA, - 00-3-92544 One of the first people we net was a woman tractor driver, rho said she made as basic pay, 400 rubles, but evidently she received a good deal more in final take home pay. Her husband also worked on the bridge. Once again, women were doing all sorts of_job5 on the bridge. They expect to have it completed by the end of October Z.1952/. Permission was received from Yoscow to construct it, the engineer who designed it was from 1.!bscow, the money was appropriated by the State, but it is a city project. 10. The concrete that we could see at the top of bridge was certainly well reinforced. - end - LABRARY SU73:2-ECT e AREA CODES -/ 6,)9A7 -6c).9/V NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED SEE BOTTOM OF PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CoNTROLS. IF ANY INFORMATION REPORT This material contains information allth Notional Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S. C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized per- son is prohibited by law. ,037 669y PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY USSR REPORT NO. 00� 0-92543 SUBJECT Virgin Soil Project, State Farm, and Collective Farm Near Sarnaul/Statistics on Produetio eS DATE DISTRIBUTED NO. OF PAGES NO, OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT , PLACE ACQUIRED (By source) Barnaul R S ONSIvE TO 0 DATE ACQUIRED (By Aug to Sep 55 DATE OF FORMATION (Dole or doles, on or between events or conditions described in report Augto Sep 55 THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION SOURCE US citizen vho toured Soviet Central Asia in August and September 1955. He is a reliable source in his personal observations. On 27 Aug 55, a friend and I visited a Virgin Soil Project about 60 kilometerq outside of Barnaul. The country side vas flat, but fertile looking, on ou: " out and we saw occasional clumps of trees. We were told that the whole area which is now being tilled under the Virgin Soil Program was forest with occasion- al areas for cattle grazing. The layor explained that about 30 thousand hectares of virgin soil were being worked on or in the process of being developed in this area. In the republic about 500 thousand hectares, all in all of the USSR between 7.1 and 15 million hectares. Under the program, in this 80 thousand hectares area they have already incrrased production by 400;" over the figure in 1949. The families coming to develop this land came fro,: all over the USSR, They were induced to come, he said, by advertisinJ on radio and in newspapers. There are mostly young families and in fact, the 'State Farm that we were to visit later in the morning was named the Young Communist League State Farm. The people also received as inducement three times the ordinary salary while they were gc1,�ng established, 10 thousand rubles to build a house, 2,500 rubles to buy cows and poultry, pay while they built their homes. They all are allowed to have -147 of a hectare plus a cow and two calves, as well as as much poultry and sheep as they viSi'.- Tbe C., -,1" n'fll t the minimum earnings on the Virgin Soil Project -ere 10 tbu,tc rt0lec - 25 or 30 thousand rubles. The area is just now entering its second year. (The village, however, is not nel having existed for over 200 years, but it is greatly expanded. There is a bospi. tal and secondary school but no church). The yield of wheat in the first year was about 16 centners per hectare, but presently it has gone down to nine be- cause of the dry weather; it is spring wheat. About 7,500 of the hectares are being devoted to corn. They get about 20-28 tons from each hectare in corn and stock. 5. The State Farm we .sited was about 25 kilometers from the nearest village. There were some wooden houses, but others of the newer ones were built of wooden shingles with sheets of stone placed over them. Unfortunately: in many places the top layer was falling off and the houses looked like they might have some difficulty keeping out the two and three feet of snow and the 40 degree weather. . The farm which has just been in existeme a year has about 250 families and 19 thousand hectares, of which about 4,000 nave not yet been developed. They have not yet enough workers. The families are from all over the Soviet Union and in fact, they have named the streets in the town after the area from which they came in Moscow. They have about 40 combines on the farm and about 60 tractors. The men working this equipment work overtime and are paid time and a half. At lunch the director, a mar whose name I do not recall, started telling us how low the wheat production was after we had given a toast to high wheat production but was quieted by the rayor. DISTRIBUTION STATE A NAVY 1 AIR NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED: Dissemination limited to fu employees of CIA. AEC and F offices producing NIS elements, d higher echelons ith their immediate suppo eserve personnel on short term active duty (excepting individuals nth ess the written permission of the originating office has been obtained tate and Defense, to the intehigence components, other affs, Not to be disseminated to consultants, external projects ally full-time employees of CIA. AEC, FBI, State or Defense) Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA, 00-B-92543' There are two artesian wells, a brick school building is being constructed as are a dining hall for the worried workers, a bakery and a hospital. Soon they hope to have pipes installed for seviage althoug.h now people use outhouses. Yards looked very dirty with chicens and pigs runnTh 2round. 8. The fields that We visited hod much activity going on as it was the last week of the harvest. Vie saw combines, tractors and plows at work. We visited a herd of sheep. 9. The mayor said that the Virgin Land Program has not affected the number of sheep and cattle in the area adversely, to the contrary, where there used to be 28 thousand sheep they now have 35 thousand and similar increase has also been experienced in cattle. The reason he said is that there is more feed being grown. 10. The State Farm also had bee hives for the Taking of honey. 11. There were many -women workers in the fields and working on grain, after it had been brought in, cleaning and storing it. The bins for storing grain are in Barnaul. 12. There was no church but the director explained that those who Wanted to go to church would go to Barnaul, 13. Children who were beyond the seven grades went to the village for school and lived there in dormitories. 14. We had lunch, including some wonderful soup. We had 10 toasts in vodka to Eisen- hower and Bulganin, peace and friendship, exchange of citizens, etc. -Afterwards, in the same area, we visited a collective farm. It was not very impressive. It had been established in 1929 and had 230 families, 320 workers; the average income was 8,000 in cash, 7,000 rubles in kind, 5,000 rubles from one's own lot. 15. There were about 4,500 hectares of land, quite a few sheep, corn and wheat. The corn gave about 25 tons to the hectare of which three tons were actually corn. The wheat gave on the average of 12 centners per hectare: 16. We visited some of the corn fields and saw girls cleaning grain. We also saw several flocks of sheep. The shepherds weren't exactly the shepherds from the bible. 17.. There was an artificial lake in the middle of the farm for watering livestock, 18.- There were two radio loudspeakers going in the village and also at the State Farm for awhile. 19. We visited the nursery on the collective farm. It handled about 15 or 20 children un- der three years of age with four or five nurses to take care of them. 20. There were butter factories on the Collective Farm where people can get butter made and then arrange to have it sold. - end - . EMMA, vor3,7F-r:r Pt PFSA CODES -I Od 6/0 //cq Q.3 NOFORN NO DISSENE ABROAD LIMITED SEES T AGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CCM S, IF ANY INFORMATION REPORT PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY This material contains information National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Titie 18, IL S. Bess. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized per- on is prohibited by law. COUNTRY USSR SOURCE US eitizen On a woman band and where REPORT NO. 00�B-92428 DATE DISTRIBUTED DICES. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT 0 RESPONSIVE TO 0 0 / C DATE OF INFORMATION (Date or dotes, en or between W events or conditions described in report esisledl Sep 55 NOFORN LS4ITED: D- oi ices product or reserve per ted THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION Soviet Central Asta in August and September 1955. tn his personal observations. we etterided a trial in Tashkent5 g to get the house which originally b ther -in -law had been living until his r relatively small room. There wee other bning women, The lam part of it was iLt and there were several witnesses called the mad and was living with him prior to bbs being The somari had a lawyer and there was also a state pre - up she said the house should go to the The judges ultimately found for the woman. It was confusing as the trial was in the Fcted into Russian Nick and then by hm legal terms confused him, ouldn't get it straightened . be trans Aditton truards m had a meet 'Ale ether oase I am not is ur 'ec tile out to led itself with ged to her bus-' death. The d judges, the sing. There to that the a with the Supreme Court .an who later told U3 usand . 'leS a month. The is handle nrxmivaT two hundred appellate cases . whether appeal is de whether it will consid d that no Kaiaks could ,ollect taxes from them, said we had heard of Eulak C and they said that some Hut ales ,itvpmen as the guide in Ashkabad had took place during the oerioa 1937 - ey were too young and mouldn really been cc oases and that they that. person got an atto ty or the lawyer. -ive the rest to t would pay the fee for had ever heard of Habeas Corpus. little 'x sy by the end jury system full-timeouren limited to employees of S elements. andbigiter echelons with n short e en in the 1I5S DISTRIBUTION NO DISSEM ABROAD CIA, AEC and FMt trod, mis immediate supporting g office has been obfrri court had handle .y have nothing and said that tb d the latter, . If a person cord not thin Stale creed belense,to the intelligence Not to be disseminated to consultants By femployees CIA. AEC, FBI Assistant Director for Collectionand Dissent portents, ot sternal protects ate or Defense) n, CIA, 00-8-92,42/ 8, then went to another court trial, It was an alimony case twet befsre women judges, The man involved had been married twices owed wives and had not been 'paying. He was deaf so that it was necesoar: language specialist present, The defendant was a shoe cobbler by pros had eviden-t' made it a practice of skipping town when one of his w17 to catch up with him, Both of his wives testified, Hit first wife s!as and dumb so it was necessary to use sign language vlitb her also, The 8ecCELQ , who had brought the charges against the man said if he married fifty women he cOuldn't keep a Wife because of his mother who lived with. him and whe sac evident a real biteb, at least according to the mift. The second Wife was rather a clump woan who worked in the local textile factory, the first wife an cider, medium- s;7.z..,d stern looking woman. A. daughter came in with the first wife and remained. She was a blond and very pretty, It appeared that she was also deaf', his The head of the Cobbler's Cooperative Society was called tc; testify and she s that the husband was an excellent cobbler. 10. The husband testified and said he had done wrongs that he had had no Ttwrney and tu, job for a while but that if the court wOuld act With clelwneys he would mend his ways, 11. The prosecutor asked him questions eliciting answers showing arrested for drunkeness before and at that time he had cigna he would support his wife and child. 12, The prosecutor then summed up after the husband was given ti' words, The prosecutor said that the children and wife shoalL help by the husband, that since the revolution great gains had should be continued but they could not be if husbands were allowed te ct badly. However, in view of the fact that he had confessed his guilt, she 7.,S;',C-MMD, sentence .e year instead of two as allowed by law. 13. The defense attorney also said that bad acting husbands should st(it be y but this man had seen the errors of his ways awd if cc would support his wife and his children and would de are in jail. 14 The husband again spoke and said that he would behave if only they h him to jail. 15 Prior to all trial but the truth with be sent to jail. 16. There were pictures of Stalin and Leni on in Russian with about forty people N - end esses are called to pledge to t understanding that if they do not then they +h een ing that The trial was casTted 12.11 NOFORN NO DISSEW, ABROAD LIMITED SEE BOTTOM OF PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CONTROLS, IF ANY This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws. Title 18, U.S.C. Secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized per. son is prohibited by law. INFORMATION REPORT PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY USSR REPORT NO. 00�B-92426 SUBJECT Union of Railroad rorkers in Torment/Railroad Salaries/Pensions DATE DISTRIBUTED NO OF PAGES 1 NO, OF ENCLS SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT # PLACE ACQUIRED (By source) Tashkent, USSR RESPONSIVE TO DATE ACQUIRED ACQUIRED (By source) Aug to aen 55 DATE OF INFORMATION (Date or dates, on or between which, events or conditions described In report existed) AUP: to Sep 55 SOURCE un citizen He in a reliable On 15 Aug in Tashkent. from the workers pay sets the 2. The Union's forced. hours, conditions bargaining 3. Everyone called down certain things from ours. 4 - railroad fireman 5. There is engineer fireman selected this period 6. The Union of resorts, workers 7. The bead 50 and men heard before). C. The officers employees THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION who toured Soviet Central Asia in August and september source in his personal observations. 55, 1 had an hour and a half visit with the Union Railroad Tbe Union is a State organization composed of 70 I Tashkent Railroad which runs about 25 km from Ashkabad dues up to 15 of tbliectchrthlarsolse,hgsas we know it. salary. primary function is to see that the laws regarding workers These laws cover sanitary conditions, light, air, housing, 1955. 'e nejid0 . The The 'tCS1.,C' are en- working collective He can told to do different and a A railroad school, a can be During has a ounber of for women at what read were full tire . in general, etc. There is, of course, no union as we know it. The state sets the salary. is a member or a union, even the person who runs the plant. to the union's office and, as a member of the union., that the union rants done. The concept In entirely engineer earns anywhere from 1250 to 3003 rubles per south from 800-1300 Der month. an institute for workers where they learn their trade. would go there three years, after eight or ten years of for six months, after four or five yearn of schooling. Workers to go to this school after they- have worked for the railroad. they can be paid up to 1250 rubles while attending classes. has a recreational center built by the state. It also camps and clubs for workers. It pays for nsportation to these camps during their 30-day vacation. of the union said that there were pensions for retirement at 55 with hale their salary. (This is different from in the union were the railroad but of the union. They sent grr 7`n s to the railroador, - end - 11 i; DISTRIBUTION STATE ARMY NAVY AIR FBI NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED LIMITED: Dissemination limited to full-lime employees of CIA. AEC and FBI; and, within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing NIS elements, and higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, external projects or reserve personnel on short term active duty (excepting individuals who are normally full-time employees of CIA, AEC. FBI, Stale or Defense) unless the written permission of the originating office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination. CIA. PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CO. 3OL PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY tnhsrmation allecthg the United States within the Title 19, U. tocs, 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any wanner to ins unauthortzed on Is prohibited by law. REPORT NO, CT CASE DISTRIBUTED NO. OF PAGES UPPLEMENT TO REPORT NO, OF ENCIS, PLACE ACQUIRED fRy cure RESPONSIVE TO DATE ACQUIRE �STATE ce ,ATE OF INFOR ATION Mote or doteR, so or between which, eats or conditions described in report existed) ij.Set S UNEVALUATED INFORMATION ed CerAral Asia August and September 195d. c,boerttations., vers_ty of ghoul ad bis � was 0 100.0 �were ST in the US and the US ad ody m - y,ha Aakesexam egree aed tan ptac fnr _ aties r rianee seem to have,- - in law frAn an tadeaCndi any s ass demie freedom. beeeue'e were �n ads n the fanddd.enthA gner'nsers acre we feu,. US peej d just ze Reps. NAVY AIR� �thatAda Two or three of nt indents :TtbafldOfled.5(5fa b s NOFO NO DISSEM ABROAD T Disserunat y e IA, A andFl ad efs s odu ' eI em Po p dF d y e DinAd.ThreedhDI aid -nc USS11..� TED co fed to consultants f CIA. AEC, FBI, Etat r Defense) cuon and Dissessinar CIA, ID 7 5 c> 4 Op - 6 -9,�).v,D�s� 30 Arz L. coDgs 6.- oiTIV iyo 5G A" 141 eg061..) rED OTTOM u PA FO ADDITION SPECI CO 10 F ANY IL L C)t4xi NFORMAT! REPORT This contains o ma n affecting National Defense of the United States within the anima of the Espionage Laws, Title 19, U. S. G. Sees. 793 and 794, the transmission'an of which M any manner to an unauthorised per.' son is prohibited by law. PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY ussr; REPORT NO. 00� B-92424 SUBJECT In'...e.:'viw with MinistAgricultureer inFrunze/ , Statistics DATE DISTRIBUTED "3-0 .T /1 /,' NO. OF PAGES NO. OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT # PLACE ACQUIRED (By source,/ Frarzo USSR RESPONSIVE TO C` DATE ACQUIRED (By so ig ir, 7, St,p5 DATE OF INFORMATION Mate or dotes, on or between re events or conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 aba-fi THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION d Soviet Central Asia in August and September 1955. al observations. Aug 552 e Frunze. lie gave us lOinowing statistics: end and I had a 1210 32000000 100% 690 1107 37-42 now 1935 SO% 20% 1940 4,000,000 10% (no informatio 30-4�% (?) two-hour visit with the 1iniste of Agrioul- 122L 4,500,000 plus 1.1.62; 500,000 hectares 750,000 hectares 1,000 hectares plus 19 in Kirghiz 9% to 12% of Crop of Wheat to NTS - 6-9% - 300-350 ceniners per hectares then get 9%. Less for beets 15% to 20% 3 - 31 centoers per hectares 10 - 12% 1913, 5-6 eentnets nonirnigated 12-14 centners irrigated 9 '10 ceutnete non -igated tners IrA igated 9-10 cent eirrigated 16 - 20 centuers IrrIgated 0,700 trac ors O 0 NO DISSEM ABROAD LiMITED: Dissent- led to full-time employees of CIA, AEC and FBI; and, within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other hoes producing 515 elements,d higher echelons e esupporting staffs, Not to be disseminated to consultants, te al projects or reserve persona tern, active duty (excepting individualso are normally" e employees of CIA, AEC, FBI, State or Defense) unless e writtea permission of the originating office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA, - 2 - 00-B-92424 Combines 1940 900 1954 1,700 Machines for .. 1940 12,000 1954 43,000 Cotton, Picking Machines 1940 0 1954 1,050 1939 Others Net Kirghiz 20% 80% 1954 (no infor- Latest nation) about same (1 cannot tell what a farmer gets from his own plot). Income (money not in kind) Minimum 3,000 Maximum 15,000 (cotton workers 20,000) In Kind Minimum 5,000 Maximum 30,000 The Minister said a State Farm was better than a collective farm because the State got more from the State farm although be admitted that the State could set anything it wanted as to what it should receive from the collective farm. He said that he felt that the State farm was more efficient than a collective farm because it was "specialized", and gave as an example the cows of the State farm as compared with the cows of the collective farm that ve saw /See 00-B-9.74/237. The state farm specialized in cows and thus they were better, where the collective farm did a lot of different things. He said they were trying to eliminate the differences be- tween the State and collective farms. 3. The Minister also said that they were no longer having difficulty with people on collective farms spending too much time on their private lots and not enough time on the collective area. That problem he felt had been eliminated quite a Ithile ago. (Each member of collective farm we visited had hectares, two cows, one to three calves, 20 sheep). NOFORN - end - rhfl ce, ti-goAT� NO nssai ABROAD IIMITED RE.PARED AN ate ordains intoned al Defense et the United States eq et the Espionage Tared Title and 754, the transmission or rh in any manlier to an unauthe U. Ei C. lotion REPORT NO. 00-- -924.23. PLACE ADO WEE DATE A OWED dtty sour A Of WFORMATtON An EN Or eoRdltions descr r between winch, 'sled) DATE DIST T A CO. OP S PP EMERE TO REPORT RES"ONStVE T THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION Asia,ioAuguEt and Se iderabh. fe, ' 06 are t Aarry and which they �hayrnent a certain amour:6- ,1 tr-=:`,TE: EitUf than TED C. d d, t her to po , ridS "hu' n art' vyth the' a' so L, 'tripe 'eq static, a to be diosep-'na ed to aonsul arns. enterra prayed. IA, APT, 933 Stale so toad Dis Defense) IA� 10, east. e for food e the host was too NOYORN 10 Ta3SE e3ROAD oefere ust SEE BOTTOM C ,AGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL COt LS, IF ANY ATION REPORT PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY This material conto.ns information affecting the Notional Defense of the United Stoles within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 19, U.S. C. cs 79 3 and 794, the 'transmission or reyelatio of which in any anises to on unauthorized per. son is prohibited y law. 000tFRY SUBJECT REPORT NO, 00-- B-02422 DATE DISTRIBUTED NO. OF PAGES 2, SURF, ENT TO REPORF PLACE ACQUIRED (By source) Ain't Ata, DATE ACQUIRED (By sssrce)I DATE OF INFORMATION Mote or dates, on or b nuts or conditions described in report as SOURCE US bitize Be is. a reliable g to Sep 55 ad and We a building. sirs through Is UNEVALUATED INFORMATION et Central Asia in August and personal observations, I visited the Deputy of the Minister vei at theistry just alter00, guards at the door sainted smartly and long rom where the Dap, _mg. The Deputy A on black, One of his depuilas was dressed th iforms with no boots, Th "-ture ,gTapb, nds we wer fa de NO. OF ENCLS, RESPONSIVE TO nd tit Stair paintings have a seat. Th (There was a bronz , was a double set of 19,55 the interior �rd was bbviously vei , ass one of his assistants ntally was blocking the light. , fine vrsl- as were 'having in Xazakhs, bow rive how generously friendly they seemed to be and tha we did not would be complete without paying the Minister of interior a t how those under his 4 'sdiction operated. The Deputy went on tO epLatwaUS system works; tie City Dolls end Pinar .y lained th Prosecutor We discussed lag points vmre developed: ayor and Minister of interio and jurisdiction. The and which by the MND. The ways murder, theft, and drunk The principal job of the Nil streets. Neither the MID nor ght o be inconceiv any: It is a option to tamper with he would do with because no ding devioes C. the pollee s' an I ablie anyone without the per- t for 10 minutes. is under the joint h. the latter barb. decides what cases 'cci jurisdiction is he handled by handle tar' are '4 - agent d eve' Doput crimes or arrest anyone witno - Kazalo or about 2 DISTRIBUTION TE A short terra "on of the NAVY erployee echelons wit WI' (excepting I office has be AIR I NO DISS M ABROAD M and Defense, o the intelligence components, othe to be disseminated to consuidcatts, external projects pioyees of CIA, AEC, FBI, Stole or Defense) Director for Collection and Dissemination, CM, etate over to a oven al worn- prisoners extend outs1De manY In :riMinSi and bad never beard do witb the Word C were pr- tbins - h&in, OUppOrt tan and he said he We asfeed the Deputy whether grours of people from one sestion tnat that could only be done with in front e- the 1T3V NOFORN ,,aoAD E BOTTOM Os AGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CON F ATI N REP *T PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY National Defeo Unite erasing of the Espionage Laws, Title cs. 793 and 794. the transmission or ch in any manner to cm unautho ohibited by law. COUNTRY BJECT Researeil ACE ACQU E DATE ACQUIRED e ncE OF INFORMATION (Dole or doles, on or between cents or conditions described in report existed) STATE the THIS IS UNEVALUATED ral Asia bad REPORT NO. 00�li '395 ATE DISTRIBUTED NO, OF PAGES SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT e NFORMATMN Augnst e_n Sama - a dessio NO OF E CLS. PONSIVE T about 25% are Uzbel.,:s� There Thee is renting water in all homes P 5011 pi% the pe, 'n the o:L st1- ISlESl buildings, put In a dr n- It was islated but was the 000lest in ; Tr' 'Aene a:7,53 Depaitwnnt beaslw�re kildoeters cad ii. and 10 rubles DISTRIBUTION NAVY I Al NO DISSEM ABROAD L/NNTED e employees of CIA, AEC and and, State and Defense, to the intelligence cor0000ents, other cc echelonswith their letsctsedicrte supporting stalls. Not to be disseminated to consoltaois, externalo" duty (excepting iodividnols who are normally full-riate employees of CIA, AEC, FBI, State or De satiog office has beenobtained through he Assistant Director for Collectioncl Dissemination, CIA BeG-f :pffnf center 1,10 DI.SSE. 2.,.3ROA,D / 7 , NCFORg SEE BOTTOM C). PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL COh_ .10LS, IF ANY INFORMATION REPORT This material contains information affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18. U.S. C... secs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any manner to an unauthorized per. son is prohibited by law. PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY � USSR D37 69'. if,9___ REPORT NO. oo�B-92392 SUBJECT ,A=--r-3 ,-,. ltu Ka' Exhibit and State v arm Near :CI ?le DATE DISTRIBUTED 3-1 0--4./V '4-,; NO. OF PAGES NO. OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT IP PLACE ACQUIRED (By source) Frurze RESPONSIVE TO 00/C- DATE ACQUIRED (By source) Aug to Sep 55 DATE OF INFORMATION (Date or dates, on or between which, events or conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 THIS is UNEVALUATED INFORMATION SOURCE US citizen who toured Soviet Central Asia in August and September 1955. He Is a reliable source in his personal observations. On the aftelf.:xn of 19 Aug 55, we visited first an agricultural exhibit and then a sta4r, farm near Frunze. The agricultural exhibit had samples of the various types of products produced in Kirghiz, wheat (66%), corn, jute, tobaccos etc. There were also examples of various types of machinery used en_farms, the well drill hag equipment we had seen in the morning LFee 00 -B -92393,/a potato picker, cotton plow, etc. There were some horses, including several of the horses that race at the track at Frunze. ,,, A large crowd followed us around and we were presented with bouquets when leaving the exhibition and with powdered yogurt in a bottle, ftePward we went to a State Farm. It was in a very rich valley and just up against the mountains. It was attractive green healthy country with the brown rugged mountains rising up behind. We saw People making bricks from manures for heating purposes 4. There was a woman head of the fern whose name I do not recall. She was a Ukrainian and obviously knew her business. She had received the post because of hat talents as originally she had been just a Plain cow milker. She explained that there were about 330 families, 500 steady workers with 200 more seasonal ones, on the farm, . They had about 1000 bEa5 of cattle and they were split 50-50 between milk and beef. The milk cows ge.ve an average of between 4800 to 5200 liters of milk a year which is extremely high and she said she had several cows which gave 10 thousand liters. It was the 12th highest milk producer in the Soviet Union. . The beef rattle are up in the mountains where they stay all year round. A third part of the farm is actually up there centered around them. It takes three men to handle 150 beef cattle. , . Of the corn that they raise, the worker who tends the corn gets 20% of the corn and the state gets 80%. This evidently can be very-profitable. For other vegetables there is a different arrangement and for the cows and beef one only ,_ gets one's salary, . Each family has a piece of le-,d, a cow, calf, sheep and as many chickens as they want. A person keeps (9) about 50% of what he receives in salary from this piece of property and the sale of its produce. It is thus very important to the farmer. If a person acquires two cows instead of the Prescribed one, he is taxed. The tax amounts to 80 liters of milk for one year. 9. The director said that the average income on the farm was 20,000 rubles and the highest was about 40,000 rubles. 10 we visited the cows; they were fat healthy and s happy, 11. Fifty percent of the people are Kirghiz, the rest are many different nationali- ties. - end - CECIIET DISTRIBUTION STATE ARMY NAVY AIR FBI OFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED !MITER: Dissemination limited to full-time employees of CIA. AEC and FBI; and, within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing NIB elements, and higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, external projects or reserve personnel on short term active duty (excepting individuals who are normally employees of CIA, AEC, FBI, State or Defense) unless the written permission of the originating office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA. D 370 do -a)--9z39a_ ...ja;RARY .811 le � 10.2 0 (T)4 //5" A - end - FR SEE BOTTOM OF PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CONTROL A INFORMATION REPORT PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY UNTRY This material contains inlormntlon affecting the Defense of the United States within I the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U.S.C. em, 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which In any manner to an unauthorized per- n is prohibited by law. 1)-378'47/ EPORT 00� J22l SUBJECT High 'Court of Alma kta PLACE ACQUIRED ATE ACQUIRED ATE OF NFORMATION (Dote or dotes, events or conditions described rt e d) Aug to Sep 55 ATE DISTRIBUTED NO. OF PAGES UPPLEMENT TO REPORT # 00/C RESPONSIVE TO THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION _d Soviet Central Asia in August and Septembe in his personal observations. end and I visited the High Court of Alma Ata. us with six of his members, Twelve of the Court are They are elected for five years and the Chief Justice Three members sit in on a case. It was confusing but hey had some 6,000 cases on Appeal from Regional Courts last ad 10 or 12 cases over which they assumed original jurisdiction. Them to decide what cases will be heard on appeal and as fai as ourisdictlon is concerned, they take only the most important beries and murders. They do not handle political crimes nor c ge. Those are handled by the Military Courts even if they involve a the case of Beria, because of its special circumstances.. spool up to handle the case, ving der- them if they had heard of Habeus Corpus and the deputy to the Chief aid that he had although the term did not sound familiar to oh f the Court. They do not have that in the USSR b be brought to trail within 20 days; if they are 1) Oofundant released. securing a lawyer and race the same exAriia about going to the Society, ZSee 00-3-92422/. Society sets its own rules as to how much c goes to the lawyer. In criminal cases the accused and even if he doesn't the Court can assign one rials of the Xulaks during e 19 's a-hd that took wince, 7.7e. asked if we could aid they would be very difficult to locate. We an:ed and they said only when nomads forcibly resisted eitd o Day taxes would there be any trials and even then they weren't deat,b 7e pointed out Soviet census figures and at first they said they c b'lieve 1en but afterwards said that maybe the explanation was that many alshs tent, to China. The Chief Judge said that he knew a number of them went by !ha fa-t that so many of them are returning now. The Chief Judge added about the t:Ials that all the judges sitting on his court were too young to remember 't know anhing about them, if they had bail and they explained that they did not, Regarding we were told that before a Soviet policeman can go into has to get Permission from the Public prosecutor to search the to make an arrest. they df will beer an love a lawyer hrouql t'.1e STATE ices producin reserve perso doss the scrub NA e employees of CIA or echelons with their - ct've duty (excepting individu g office has b to the intelligence components, lath emalinvinc s of CIA, AEC. FE!, State or Defense) Collection and Dissemination. CIA. A/0,46RA] \ (6) fg 2 6/45" 75-6 108. I 125 A) A/0 Di554/il 0,41) SEE BOTTOM OF PAGE FOR ADDITION SPECIAL CONrROL F ANY FOR AT1ON REPORT PREPARED AND D:SSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY _Medal contains information ails ational Defense of the United States within thk eaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 19. U.S.C. ecs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation any manner to an unauthorized per- on is prohibited by law. COUNTRY REPORT NO, 00� ?24-19 ECT PLACE AC RE DATE ACQUIRED ouacs reliale source in his personal chi-au-rations. USSR DATE DISTRIBUTED 17 3A9 AI - NO. OF PAGES SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT RESPON DATE OF INFORMATION (Dote or dates, on or between events or conditions described in report existed) kin Sep 55 . 1930- brattes. an es 00/C, THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION Soviet Central Asia in August an Scpiember and I vent te the library an Alma "its_ with a most friendly face and one who obviousi roved aere were 1,500,000 books -in the library which wan begun in e that throughout Kazakh the State has some 2500 different li- _ are supplemented by Union Libraries, Coe- 2 thousand people use the library during the year b'ro that many as 700 people will use it in one da.y. She said inde the library were students. She said very feb of the b-oLka the most part they had to be read in the library its before 1920, only 27-,i of Kazakhstan was literate and au_ whom we had gotten for the occasion from eracy in Kazakhstan. us that there was not much i,iCerature in La i literacy rate. However, they did have one a House was nArfed. In addition, since thc ye writers, including Auzoy who .on t of the life of - ai, He also mentioned Cembad. 'that US authors were pc Theodore Drainer, ; We asked her if she .uclished in the US as being it iscrship5 She said they had es of Henry Ford, one written in 1926, the othe'. 1..d and fragile but the librarian stated they , ,h means that they are books not ordinarily accessiaie about censorship a wished. She said t publications. She s Central Library in ant a certain book, ar, She mentan e Twain. 'he said O'Herry d the "Life of Harry aooessible to Secie wheshar a Soviet ,'" ,and this was true:, hey order their books from _ , and Of course have to giYe an. b 'explained that With lirita e restrictions on /Tubers of books being was the clearing house. She explained that e for foreign exchange. Tie librarian s,id that a Soviet citizen can ask for any bock h library an' wilt be allowed to seein unless it is a rare manus case he can see the microfilm cf the book, if they have it. STATE NOFORN Em,.Jsh TED: Dissent! to producing NI or reserve personnel op written permission down into the English Section f the library. as There were a couple of books on American history; Sterne, in 1862, and the other not much more modern. aimed that they did not have any modern American history end - stuiHro d higher 0 DIME CIA, AEC and Ions with their immediate (excepting individuals who office has been obtained th ABROAD 'attn Up oqb the Assistant cone, to setninEtt yeas of CIA. AEC. FBI. Si ate or Dole,, or Collection and Dissemination CIA 6 ouoroteA,1 410 6564 ri /20/11) SEE BOTTOM OF ,tGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CON7 LS. IF ANY INFORMATION REPORT PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY This material contains information affecting the ational Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18. tf..S.D. Secs. 793 and 794. the transmission or revelation y manner to cm unauthorised per- on is prohibited by kror. 3 COUNTRY REPORT 00�B--92393 UJtCT y in ,e/City Governmelrt DATE DISTRIRUTED NOOFPAGES NO.OF EN1IS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT # PLACE ACQUIRED itty s Frunze, TJ RESPONSIVE TO 00/c. DATE ACQUIRED (By source) no Sep DATE OF INFORMATION (Dale or drthos. an or between which. events or conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION iSOURCE US tCO via, toured , Soviet Central Asia in August and September i - Ne i m7,,,12ble an us , personal observations, ari irt iIeodand 1 visited a factory which manufactu imp]e- Tao The fuatory ne.s inside the city limits near the railroad a seniow of small buildings with a large cat-er tower roduees plows, water well drilling equipment, eia but re women. They did as much of the heEvywork as the men, a base, ;king the large presses, operating the overhead lifts, about 3000 workers on two shifts. The plant extends over an pi..thtng larger than 1000 square meters ( I believe that is what we There now a very nice clean dining ball for the workers where they ay tte lunch for two rubles. ap steel at 350 rubles mostly from the LUS and sells Rho The wcrizers are paid anything from 700 to 1800 rabIes the plant belongs to a union. 'ity amonga:hers . were followed arour-' for ;cc vom'ur tour, I doubt if the plante the plan that day. mmital but not unfriendly. prooesses suet, as dipping drilling, nil no g 1g cm. Mayor of Frunze, I do not remember his he was deputy, a very large Russian, ens present and F , at, the beginning. Vie were told that at the time of ,evolu- ui � of only eight to 10 thousand people thousands every year. a grad sated tax OR the income of its citizens, The state and the ent tax the industries here. The collective farms and villages 'l a person living on a collective farm pays taxes based on what iv -os ,r, his property. He does not pay an income tax when he sells h a person not on a collective farm, who, for inetanee, sells a Tag In 1-is and has 'no pay a 15% tax. ent owns the streetcars and one ran take a trip the length of kopeks. The city makesa profit of about one . operationon This 954 a d also on electrieity where the charge is 30 lapels per kilowatt oi, C, If acm 'cemos to start a btrber shop one must get permission the city, 10. There cxc about cooperatives in Frunze; Y are all large ones and several stretch out into various kinds of industries. Tbe Mayor was have ix'waohes that - not ala to estimate how many employees the city had but he said be had 13 dif-erelt departments, He appoints deputy heads. - end - STATE A AVY ed to fuil-time enaployeea and higher echelons so-i terror active duty (excel" at he originating office AR NO DISSEM ABROAD CIA, AEC and FBI; and. within State and Defense, to the intelligence eir immediate supporting staffs. Not to be dissemineded to consultants, external prot individuals who are normally full-time employees of CIA, AEC, FBI, State or Defense) btained through the Assistant Director for Collection rad Dissemination, CIA. P3.7(q-AC pum, CT a AREA C Big - 04 Ar 1476 el/ 7q)* a titi 1/ 7s-si aA/ Aog� Alo Poet) EL E it0 OSSM AD -717 LIMITED 0 TO ?AGE FO DITIONAL PECIAL CO ANY INFORMATION REPORT This moterkzl coOldissinormuUctn ticrai Debase of the meaning of the Espionage Seen, 793 and 794 of whichY manner sou is pr e y affecting Untied States Title 18, U, S. C. ion or revelation to an unauthorized per. 9 PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY REPORT 0 96 SUBJECT ... . CollectiveSociety in Tasbh s DATE DtSTRteuTEO ',S.; NO. OF PAGES 50. OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT E ACQUIRE ISSR RESPONSIVE TO DATE ACQUIRED (By cure DATE OF INFORMATION (Date or dates, en or between which, events or condefons described in report existed) Aug o Sep 55 OURCE STATE AR THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION Soviet, Central Asia in .,..ugtst and SepftMer 1955. his personal observations, ye visited the head of a collective society in Tashkent, s about 400 members makes Uzbek hats, scarfs, -pillowcase- spreads, etc. It is operated under a central committee , Societies in Tashkent which in turn gets its orders from .1 at 400 such societies in Tashkent and about 300 in Uzbei5e 37 gets a salary anS they split what is left e visited the factory where there was some hand wmrk vere mostly Uzbeks arid almost all girls, sewing, etc, do their work at home. wyn storc but they bri leir,products to other e V been 6 years 1db us t y ety awde up of 500 emobers, a new building. they have recrea children to Pioneur camp They have no nuasery ode through the ead part of Tashkent, on and colorful There wOre old, old doors aol ne saw people limed up fOT water, It was a lict such as Dames tration building being built a the Tashkent s-7 unwris Co the takeoffs are smooth. We e-4" a we ded. The clocks were on Mbscow ARY SUBJECT-& AREA S e d NAVY AIR FR NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED, Disseminatior limited to full-iizne employees of CIA. AEC and FState and Defense, to the intelligence comp offices producing NIB elements, anti higherechelons di e supporting staffs, Not to be disseminated to consultants. exte reserveor personnel e active duty (excepting individuals o are normally full-time employees of CIA,AEC, FBI. State unlesshoriginating office has been obtained through the Assistant D'rector (or Collection nd Disse ED ther at projects Defense) CIA. SEE BOTTO PAGE F ADDIT NA SPECIA CO. FA INFORMATION REPORT material o motion aitectin, e National Defense of the United States urithin the meaning of e Espionage Laws, Title II 11.9.C. Seco. 793 rind 794, the transmission or revelation of which In Y mauuer to an ;unauthorized pos. son is prohibited by law.,7)6,.2?5,3vtA PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY USSR REPORT NO, 00�B-92394 SUSJECT UzUek Agrou1tura1 Statistics DATE OISTRISUTED NO. OF PAGES NO. OF ENCLS SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT # PLACE ACQUIRED ) USSR RESPONSIVE TO 00/C DATE ACQUIRED o ILug to P 55 DATE FORMATION (Date or detes, on or between events or conditions described in report eoisted) Aug to Sep 55 THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION SOURCE US citizen who toured Soviet Central Asia in August and Septeioer 1955. He is ieliable source in his personal observations. On 17 Aug 55, a friend and I visited the Agricultural inister in Tashkent, I do not remember his name but he gave us the following at on I-71st Agriculture: cage income - 9.72 rubles per working plus produce age number of working days - 500 nine hundred grams of wheat per 'ing day per worker, gets one and one half times as rmnech to produce as he does In addlt STATE nmister gave us the following info Uzbek: 1940 00,000 5,742 000 8,282,000 00,000 1,659 000 1,530,000 ARMY LIMITED, Dissentination Linn offices producing NIB element or reserve personnel on short unless e written permission 1940 total he axes of agriculture 3:,0145,000 riga (There were no figures for ,1940 although he said it had improved about 70,000 beetares over the 1913 f. Dzoetc. NAVY 0 000 tons 920,000 DISTRIBUTION AIR 0 DISS FBI OAD total agriculture3 660,000 hectares z ture it 2,531,(10 hectares of agta ture not - 1,147,000 d to full-time employees of CIA, AEC and FBI; and, within State and Defense, to the late and higher echelons with their Immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to con cm active duty (excepting individuals who are normally full-lime employees of CIA e originating office has keen obtained through the Assistant Director ITED Ce components, other ants, external projects I State or Defense) fixation, CIA. PAGE FO )DITIONAL SPECIAL CO 'OL ANY SEE BOTTOM (. INFORMATION REPORTactuation affecting the Defense o United State. within .:Le meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, U, S. Se and 94, the transmission or revelation of which in any mannero an unauthorizedper. son is prohibited by law. ir. PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY Tali, REPORT NO, OO-392387 SUOJECT oproah to u To the LtniversitvNO. DATE DISTRIBUTED OF F PAOES NO. OF ENC SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT PLACE AC R o Ti ucas USSR RESPONStVE TO DATE ACQUtRED (By source)ATE tO OCO 55 OF INFORMATION (Dote or dotes, on or hetn'eeS. events or conditions described ix, report existed) Aug to Sep 55 SOURCE US el He no ma' STATE LlNlTEDr hose offices producing or reserve personnel UnleSS the written Pc Is UNEVALUATED INFORMATION et Central Asia in August and Septeacer e source in his personal observations. from Tashkent to Frunze, we saw snowcapped mountains 'd plain on our left coming into Frunze. The plain city. The 'mountains were rugged baling and se the plain. ge could see rivers coTing down throu, S in by the snow-capped run had a had of ferris oh ooh us on a tour of the y apartments mere being er are dirt. -ee parIs, tuelo a k.slen Church for 7ater and plumbing that he pays 36 that the rent ea radio, e 'T,irthiz, WI schools he takeu There S. Th pitals, 24 se.condarr schools and 250 thousand people. The are as and net'; ones have ee-room flat rubles if e iversitY which was established In 1951. There departments incluolng one of law which was sees are conducted mostly In Russian although blz age If the purpose of the course is his speaking, people, as school teachers- ussians and Elrghizs. (There is eviden-'l on that a native of Elrghiz may be educate, hes ere are se S any belie d a " ate schools The Dhanc,ellTr ane teaches h age. About 150 ste5en ale German and 100 French. The explanation Russian to educate people if they did ne,t know y on the native language. dom. They said there was complete the contrarY was erroneous. I said Rind of debates they had in the ;usaed how the student was doing in his classes, how they were coming in sports, etc. We said that nas at we understood as a debate and as-ked if they debatcd. her the UN was a good organization and whether the 05Sf si-ri Id said they did not debate that sort of thing though som torical or scientific matters, They said there o matters as there was 'unanimity' among the Soviet g"-re. government did. As it was stated "there is only one viewpoint..� ARCS I I NAVY too limited 10 full-time employees ,Ioments, and higher echelons n short term active du (excepiio sisozon of e originating office ha DISTR AR TION NO DISSEM A FR of CIA, AEC and FBI; and, within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other jr immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, external projects individuals who are normally.'employees of CIA, AEC, FBI, State or Defense) been obtained through the Assistant Collection Dissemination, CIA. - 2 - 00-B- 92387 S. We discussed religion. They said that only the old people still go to church. The English-speaking professor said the students were not interested in religion, that they just didn't believe and he quoted the Chancellor as saying that they felt religion was for backward people. We then said that he was backward, They said they did not want to be insulting but that is what they felt. 9, The Chancellor asked a queStion about the rights of the Negroes in the United States. We explained the school system and then he asked if they had all the other rights. 10. At the University the Chancellor told us .that they have a Party organization, the purpose of which is to promote the ideas of Communism among the students and the faculty and to have meetings of criticism of students and faculty members who are Communist Party members. For instance, if a teacher's lecture is not up to stuff , they will discuss that at the Communist meeting. NOFORN - end - LISMAr4rf rtITITP,K7--r 8 AREA CODES �30 NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED iNFORMATION REPORT PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY TRY OBJECT grg BOTTOM OF ..iGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CON This meted I Delouse of the Unit ;manage Laws 8�U. Secs. 793 and 794, the trenoxotsoton or reveled� any manner to an unauthorized per tied by law. 9 REPORT NO. 00 -92218 DATE DISTRIBUTED NO. OF PAGES NO. OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT # CE ACQUIRED (Sy s.e.c Asazha RESPONSIVE TO 001C- DATE ACQUIRED (By so SOURCE DATE OF INFORMATION (Dote or dotes, on or between which, onditions described in report existed) THIS S UNEVALUATED INFORMATION Soviet Central Asia iu August and beutember personal observations. (cearovodsk to tshhbaoad, the caps ev very ' a good smo The P 6o00: not mai -ed us with a guide 'sho vas unussair H Octohre Hotel w .ged despite oioplaintii. The Oetobre Hot (or- possiblybuilding right across �e were a lot of buildings off to the right. nO side there were some other buildi supposed to be part of the he hotel had but it is my imp corrugated tin. There ar a large place. bad stor guess e of ro ye V. hi d or didn- rttime work, to make SOMP the United States to stud d not be as expensive as he don't know where he 8 Be became nervous and ups ur questions and by the time w He disintegrated. visited two collective farms vlhich were locae ;ida of Ashkhabad. They were across the street on of the old Than meeting place. Enroute to the t buildings we had seen in the area. They were, -andards but 7ere only one or two stories comstraction and were surrounded by barbed ers e explained that these were put ted by oonvi from Ashkhabad. That labor had half ago he said. had schools and recreation halls but neither 10 collectIve farm had approxiutely 900 6,900 beotares including grazing land for suppose school d his a twoesti_ a .e head of 0,000 rubles DISTRIBUTION O dela angu farm E depending he hat 1-1,,,; extra money-, ,at his STATE A NAVY AIR I NO DISSEM ATO FBI LThffSTh D. e employees of CIA. ABC and FBI. and, wit offices producing MIS elements. and higher echelons chsupporting sin reserveor personnel on shortd(excepting individuals who are normal unlessh office has been obtained through the State and I)efense, to the intelligence cot Not to be disseminated to consultants, external es of CIA, AEC: PSI, State or Defense) for Collection and Dissemination. CIA. - 2 - 00-0-92218 they ' in. They earn more work days to their credit for instance, if they apes than if they care for the camels. In additi n to the collective nature of the farm, each individual may own up to 50 g-,cts, too cows and some land, The camels are a collective item and are used for portage and milk. We tasted some of the latter and had a large lunch at ooth of the farms, e second farm our obnoxious guide started asking about 7:atusow and women's in America. At first he attributed his questions to our hostess, a very attractive, bright woman, He ranted to know how many women there were on the Euoreme court, how many in congress and if the 11 got a new trail because of testifying as he did at the insistence of the FBI, Am the first farm the head man was interested in how much we made. We explained about our salary; taxes; the fact that there were less taxes for low income groups; what taxes were used for; how much automobile workers made under new guaranteed minimum rage, etc. We explained that some taxes went to pay old age pensions and that we also had a provision in our laws for unemployment insurance. The obnoxious one (we now were calling him the brain), said that that was proof of the unemployment problem in the US now and how could we claim no unemnloyment in view of this, fe explained that it was a large problem in the 1930s but not so anymore. 11. fe had champagne, vine and toasts at both farms. At the first place I toasted the friendship of the US and Turk people and at the second to the Turk, Russian and US people. 12. We almost missed the plane for Chardzhou because our Brain goofed again and gave us the wrong time. - end 51.113JEC 6: AREA CODES - o NOFORM NO DISSEM- ABROAD LIMITED. SEE BOTTOM L PAGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL COI, ROLS, IF ANY 5 INF=ORNIATION REPORT ri contains information affecting D e of the United States within lae , meaningel the Espionage Laws, TlUe 18, IL S,17, I Secs. 793 and 794. the transmission or revelation t of which in any moaner to an unauthorized Per- son is prohibited by law. PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY TIE ECR, REPORT NO, 00� 3-92220 SUBJECT tb3(PcD1ation Statistics ti lanes/Visit to fle Sta1ii Visit to a Medical Institute -..ospit Health Statistics/City t/Vrsrt no a Textile Factory DATE DISTRIBUTED a 3 T A Ai O. OF PACES 1 No. OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT PLACE ACQUIRED (By ..I.I) raaVjSS.R. RESPONSIVE TO oo C DATE ACQUIRED Mr source) DATE OF INFORMATION Mate or dates, on or between which crests or conditions descsribed in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 THIS is UNEVALUATED INFORMATION SOURCE UELzcu aliu toured Soviet Central Asia in August and September 1955. ;71,2. 1.3 a reliable source in his personal observations. we flew from Samarkand to Stalinabad, the land seemed to get greener; at !east saa MOT-e green areas. We flew at 3700 kilometers. I think the clock on the nar;c bad Zoscow time. capital of Tadzhik, is a modern city which has grown up in a-population of 2,000 to 300,000. The ,guide told us that th,T ivelihood in the city were several textile factories. Stalinabad had a modern, concrete runway. The first time I saw ere jet planes off to the side of the runway and, there were separate for each jet. There were perhaps 25 or 30 jets with enclosures, modern arrangement that I saw anyplace I went:De enclosures vcire end of the runway. I guess there must be a prevailing wind he planes were only at that one 'end of the field, we visited the Stalin Collective Farm which wur about 15 kil.remetera The farm had 10,000 hectares under cultivation and another ing. There are 3,500 hectares of cotton whichis "picked hy .y also have a cotton gin. There is one harvest me is 39 million rubles of which 35 million are from farm supports 3000 families. Families on the farm make u a year, The people are mostly Tadzhiks, There are 10 or 12 schools, recreation halls and a hospital connected with the farm. urch or mosque because the people have shown no interest in 5 the farm were very hospitable. They had a big feast for us and ns regarding agriculture in the US. None of them voiced any all spoke enthusiastically about the Big Four .V.eeting in Geneva, vieit-cd a medical institute named after a man whom the Director claimed was the Persians claim as one of theirs, and the Arabs as one of theirs. n the 11th century. I can't remember his name. The Institute has and graduated 140 last year 11957. The graduates are sent all. stan and earn anywhere from 2,500 to 9,000 rubles a year; medical earn from 7,000-9,000. , We also visited a hospital: one fairlv r administration building with bungalow-type buildi.lgs o to thc- nts. We had to put white coats on. There were wards but nc private One can't get a private room even if one is willing to pay for it. not much heart disease, some polio and tuberculosis which is being and trachoma. Everyone seems very good and healthy, There is no 'e- hospital. _ paid a visit to the mayor of Stalinabad. He explained the city government to us. fractically.everyone. works for the government. There is some private enterprise such as a few barbers who are in business for themselves. There are , 10 departments of the city government: education, health, trade, finance, deve14 ,ping planning, culture pensions, industry, architecture. Eight of the 3� � �T ATE NAVY I DISTRIBUTION I AIR I NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED LIMITED: Dissemination limited to tall-time employees of CIA, AEC and FBI; and. within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing NIB elements, and higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disserairmded to consultants, external projects or reservezpelsonne! on short term active duty (excepting individuals who are normally fall-time employees of CIA, AEC, FBI, State or Defense) unless the vnitten permission of the originating office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA. D.partmen needs are ka, The Department heads aa elected. Women selling drinks on the street are under the trade department. Hotels come under develop. mciii department although restaurants come under trade. There is a unit in trade b deals with soft drinks. The planning department plans how much barbers an drink vendors should get. The mayor told us of a nearby steel 'mill and coal hg industry-which provide the city with a number of needed commodities. The .ty has modern busses but also uses donkeys and horse-drawn cars. There are women barbers and women car drivers. We visited a library which had 800,000 books. Three Years ago there were only a few hundred books in the whole city. There is a lending department. The libarian said that an average of 1200 people use the library per week and there are 300 or 400 books on loanl each week. US authors such as Howard Fast and Theodore Dreiser are represented. paid a visit to a very modern textile factory. There were 3,000 employees on -ee shifts and they were paid anything from 800 rubles to 2,500. The factory uces 120,,000 meters of cotton cloth per day. Some of it stays white but batches are colored. The fl very bad in the hotel we stayed at in Stalinabad, IN FORMAT ON REPORT meaning of the Espionage Laws, Title 18, IL S.C.- I PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY SEE BOTTOM OF GE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CONT S, IF ANY 7), ThLs material ccatains information affecting the t National Delemse of the UnIted States within the Secs. 793 and 794, the :transmission or re7elation of which in any manner to cm unauthorized per- son is prohibited by law. COUNTRY ussa sit to a Collec rport/Weather REPORT NO. 00--B-92219 DATE DISTRIBUTED J�A- utRED {Ey 50t0t0e.1 USSR NO� OF PAGES NO. OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT # RESPONSIVE TO 00/C� CE An�g tu Sep 1 SOURCE T511 nroo)i DATE OF INFORMATION (Dote or dates, on or between which, conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep'55 THIS IS UNEVALUATED MFORMATON red Soviet Central Asia in August and September 1955, ounce in his personal observations, maght that any train trip between Ashkhabad and Bukhara would be no , with the heat and dust, we made the trip by plane with a stop-off The trip from Chardzhon. to Bukhara was uneventful. We sat in flew very high, in Uzbeks has a population of about 100,000 of Thom arc guide bad a difficult time making himself understood as Russian. When we arrivedowe found that it was Predicted , for the day would reach 63 C, which is about 1400F, it If you moved around for more than 15 minutes your tongue f your mouth and you had trouble 5wallo7ing. The beat had to spend half the day in our room where there By 6 o'clock at night we had drunk between the ater and had taken one-half dozen salt tablets. cated in the center of the city, right next to a built by the Bukhara Khan next to his summer plane. ' very bad but we thought that it was bettor the second rst, the city. Some of it dates back to the fifth century, school where they were training 100 students in Kohammedan- which was very run down and in poor repair, Only 90 service, Bukhara used to be a center of Yrhammedan ni were the remnants, On our visit to public histori .shly cleaned, In a building erected by TameTianz; g as he was cleaning as we came in, It was very impreeiv A 6:00 AR and Tent to visit a collective farm seven or 'de of Bukhara, The head of it was a woman as had been the case farms we visited Thera were about 400 families on the about 700 hectares with over 500 used for growing cotton, 1,400,000 kilos of cotton a year and for the amount that T ' they received about 6 rubles 50 kopeks. Machines were used The wor'kers on the farm received anywhere from five t compensation. W. pow farm, saw some of the workers in th trid then returned to our hostess' farm d. Tne ouble with one ruit and honey, 'tng women in the US, whether they took part Negroes were still being beaten up and transportation is anything from donkey to bus. There arc DISTRIBUTION ARMY NAVY I AIR I I FBI I NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED LIMITED: Dissemination limited to full-time employees of CIA, AEC and FBI: and, within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing Nil elemenfs crud higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, external projects or reserve personnel :to short term active duty (excupting individuals who are normally employees of CIA, AEC, FBI, State or Defense) unless the wAltez psy.traisI.4o5 of the originating office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA. -2 - e night I saw people outside on the dirt. 00-a -92219' that the chief eias Sr ut the airport at Dukbara. It had a dirt runway- anO: orly "lding. There yap hardly ar.y-� ing there ard I thjnk e wept here they didn't have all sorts of trees around thr o that you couldn't see the airport. ";ie flea in a reyliler e pilot just turned the plane around and tsok off after to the people in the cabin that ye could expect a sroorr - end - 1P-A/ Lit) d OTTOM 0; NFORMATiON REPORT PREPARED AND D;SSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY 1GE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL CON 1LS, IF ANY This material contains iniormcrtion affecting the National Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Lawn. Title 18. Secs. 793 and 794. the transmission or revelation of which In any mcmner to an unauthorized per-. I son is prohibited by law. COUNTRY USSR REPORT NO. 00--B-92217 DEJECT tate and Collective Farm Near 'Airfield, Canal and Railroad ATE DISTRIBUTED NO, OF PAGE 0. OF EEC EMENT TO REPORT CE ACQUIRED (By scarse) BeAu USSR RESPONSIVE 0 00/C, ATE ACQUIRED (By sours DATE OF INFORMATION (Dote or dates, on or between which, conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 OURCE 1.f5 alt THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION Soviet Central Asia in August and September 1955. He to a reliable source in his personal observations, e farm which is about 150 kma north of Baku. The ree hours, About an hour out of Baku, on the right side de pointed out a very modern pipe plant. It was tremendously A to consist of a series of buildings with high smoke towers. ;That type of construction it was or of what material it was ako, on the left side of the road, there was an airfield ately a mile o the road. Between the airfield and road was a mound, old see above the mound were tails of airplanes - all jets. I just saw -- the tails, By the size of the tails I would judge them to be her than bombers, although I am not an expert on planes. There dourly large number of them. ' for miles and miles north of Baku. Since there were ' it, it was difficult to tell whether it was lined with appeared to be just made of dirt and about 30 feet wide. 30 kilometers outside of Baku and then noticed it again perhaps 15 or 20 minutes later, It was on the left side of the road initially and than we orossed over it and it was on the right side of the road. I don't lowt whether it was for drinking purposes or for irrigation or what but it wax a man-made wanal, It followed along side the road and extended for a tremendous diwtanee. .a.d also followed a double-tracked railroad line which I assumed was the dOscow line because there was so much oil being shipped over it. - of 1800 hectares and had a working force of 500 of whlch' They grow fruit and the peaches that were in season were through the orchard and saw rows on rows of trees r-hes .-ers on the farm are aHlled workers. Eight of these graduated -al colleges, 37 of them from agricultural schools of a secondary an eight-hour day, six-day week and are paid anywhere from 600-1200 the average about 1000. their own schools, including schools to make skilled workers out of cinema and if they want to go to the mosque they can go to a about 12 kms away. own their own homes but some live in flats. Attached to of property, approximately 10 yards by 103 which belongs to on which he can grow anything he wishes. DISTRIBUTION TATE NOFORN NO DISSEM ABROAD LncIrrEn LIMITED: Dissemination limited to full-time employees of CIA. AEC anclF131; and within State and Defense, to the intelligence components, other offices producing Nil ,iements, and higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be disseminated to consultants, external prolects or reserve personnel chart term active duty (excepting individuals who are normally full-time employees of CIA. AEC, FBI, State or Defense) unless the writtee 7,,rmission of the originating office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, CIA. - 2 - a The seven or el ace itable and seemed latter was very good- us all wore exactly -friendly, get back to Saku te pree our guide contng ir nseow and therefore - they drove us there anyway and sat VS down - ciolcecu matter., tomatoes, tClon, sour -' hes.- They were disappointed in that we 1 doast moetiy to peace and friendship between the people, Our best toasted us and ocr' families and ODD of our was -eery proper that Ibey shcvd drink to us as ,ae had already We toasted the Azerbaijan D th and enuth, and T young people of the USSR and fart consisted of 1800 IrcacIares and had 1300 ne. cad 1Q tons of fruit per hectare, Our duidet ' good as the state farm because on t Se cco]e oe oneformer the individual On to norking the col1ac6ive area, ot and consi coo= of one-fourth of a hectare On On our any t the mideast., no-ricer Is nadd ar to ones 30 =SETA. 5DEC50 E BOTTOM 0, AGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL COI ANY F RMAT1ON REPORT PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL iNTELLIGENCE AGENCY This maleriat contains information affecting the .; National Defense al the United States within the eanizig of the Espionage Icrws. Title Secs. 793 and 744, the transmission Cr neveln-Tion of which in any rammer to an unauthorized petf� n is prohibited by law. REPORT NO, 00-5-92a-6 riot Judges Soviet Procedures ATE DISTRIBUTED �3_ 3 :7,9 ed NO OF PAGES NO, OF ENCLS, SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT 4( CE ACQUIRED (By mintroe) USSR RESPONSIVE TO 001C- DATE ACQUIRED (By source) DATE OE INFORMATION (Dale or dates, on or between winch, events or conditions described in report existed) Aug to Sep 55 if TATE ORN ED AR THIS 15 UNEVALUATED INFORMATION Sov5ht Central Asia in August and September 1955. his �personal obsevvations a friend and 1. visited two judges are split into several sections and very big enterprises, for instance. a d handle railroad litigation, I am uncertain as to whet it not handle accident cases; a district court does that. the judges told us that they have virtually no negligen came 1.11) when we were attempting_to find out what a bit one another. All last year Ll95' the judges only two accidents; in one, several cams turned on a boat. OuT guide eNiolalnad that it was oot ijan are g no crime being c quarreling be case days. fewer and fewer, a The:ca he al trial can refuse to answer que of 'lt. There is no trial by ji o in oases involving kbsault on - , and juvenile guide explained after I asked her1 certain politi the sublic. not necessary nor is a search warrant, This ie Lw ator and it is an ether or not there were any indications that there were sneer and trial ures, the judges always replied, r any changes5 Our system is perfect as is we was a member of thCommuniste y; the other was not, The tha,, he was too young but was training for entrance, judges had beard of bail There is no such provision bought a person could buy-his way out of prison and they looked NAVY 0155Cr E30'TIN I AIR I I Fel NO DISSEM ABROAD LIMITED �s of CIA. AEC and FBI: and. within State and Defense, to the intelligence enrerponents� other mincing. NIS elements, and higher ecbe1os with their immediate supporting stuffs.. Not to be disseminated to consuhants. external proleats or zeserse personnel on short term active duly (excepthsg individurds V717. C. are normally fall-time employees of CIA, AEC, FBI. Stale or Defense/ unless the written imminsion ol The originating' office has been ohiumod lhrottgic the Assistant Director for Collection and Dissemination, C/A, _____. 33-2,121;.7, These judges, as eve other old us that there their children ue NOFORN eli USSR, h activity ir. avenile courts - end - NC DISSE'L 10110212i SEE AGE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL A PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY UNTRY ou Dissemiaction SR DATE OF events o lon/Weati /.W ea :a/Visit to Stalin FORMATION Mate raditioas describe Aug to Sep 55 EAT TO REPORT S 794. Y mcmner to tan nnaethonsc,d: on is prohibited by REPORT NO. DATE D1STRISU OF PAGE 00/c, THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION d Soviet Central Asia in August and Se- e in his personal observations. NO OF RESPONSIVE 0 a kand, the capital of Uz5ek2 one hour after leaving Bukhara, have a dirt runway and we Sam about 10 World War II I don't believe that they were jets, lation of approximately 200,000 of whom about 0 are cooler than Bukhara though still very hot, far more paved roads there than in Bukha,.-a but I did . I still saw women getting their water outof a ditch L.. The Zirafshan River irrigates Samarkand and is also the g water of the city, neluding Timur's -r who was eventually interfering in God's plan d very clean and we saw a few drunks but i the observetety dared by the ho C.ollective Earn, There are 80 faxtlies 'iy varies out last year / the farm stayed for dinner, drinRs ad taasta e were iota of flies, arm asked questions about discrimination against the NCHVO in 'o that he was not alloyed the rights of the white much the average salary was. They said they bk machine and mechanics. our guide, one day regarding criT1c1SIo 01 the by newspapers or other individuals, He said there was e.ause they did nothing wrong. If they did something wrc zed He explained that the reason Beria's trial was mt Samarkand as in ukhara, n'e nooge such as ''Ole ds in Samanlcand and had difficulty in getting said he would end my letters from Samarkand, d vaslUed a textile factory which is located about ane's toub3 It seemed to be just outside the e were big smoke tvers. Our guide told us ' didn't seem to be that to me. We thought we were spare parts factory but the textile factorY vs rnployees o er echelons with e duty (excepting In &Nag office has be DISTM AIR 'PON 0 DISSEM ABROAD C and FBI: erricrfe sup feed lb Defe diet eta Us corcsnitc employees of CIA, AZC, FBL slots or Defense) -toe for Col/eel/on rand Dissembled/ CZA. " " " 1 " � - 2 - 00E-92.l99 interesting. They were putting in new machinery. 11. The textile factory consisted of a series of buildings which all looked like every other building we had seen. They appeared to be made of light plaster but I cannot recall any other details about them. 12. There were 2000 workers employed in the factory which is being enlarged. Sixty percent of are women. Their pay scale ranges from 700 or 800 to. , 1600 rubles per month. 13. We left Samarkand by plane for Stalinabad. The mountains around Samarkand seemert too high for the plane to clear and the pilot circled the airport to gain altitude. There were lots of flies aboard the plane. - end - ,N11( � S!il�;3,,, 1-A57 "-,7W, 4;7 8'57�2, /-6/246- 9-40- cuDizs� ,3 1,474? 2vc9,47 140F00N NO DISSEILABROAD L.1167,T717- A R/6 Orel Lencho, Room 1606 "J" Bldg. Chief, Contact Division, 00 Robert F. Kennedy Reports 1. Furs two copies each request, there are ford.ed hereith owing 33 00-B reports: 92133 92217 92393 92421 92427 92547 92131-1 92218 92394 92422 92428 92548 92135 92219 92395 92423 92543 92549 92150 92220 92396 92424 92544 92199 92387 92419 92425 92545 92216 92392 92420 92426 92546 2. The above-cited reports were compiled from info tion contained in the diary notes of Robert P. Kennedy. The attached copies have not been corrected or edited in any y. 3. In accordance with an agreement between Mrs. Lencho and Schmidt, please give one copy of each report to 10. 4, Please dir MiSs Helen Schmidt, t any inquiries pertaining to thiutter to xtension 2737, E. M, Pi3U Enclosures: 33 00-B reports as indicated above 1956 ROLL IF 1iNY . SEE'ELOTTQK :FOR PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE A SUBJECT PLACE AqQt.1,1* 0 DATE 1.1O4E�D Aft OP INFORMATION eyent or oxdescribe( (n Xepofl exjaled SOURCE -T1,1, IS IS UNEVALUIATE ije12 � ce SEE BOTTOM P1.GE FOR ADDITIONAL SPECIAL C INFORMATi ON REPORT PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTS PLACE ACQUIRED DATE ACQUIRED (BE seem LJMZTETh Dissemination lix offices producing NIS eleme or reservepersonnel on sho ATE OF INFORMATION (Dale or delco, on or between which, rents or roflditi000 described in roped existed) Tins material contains Informationeffecting Notional Defense of the United States within the meaning of the Espionage Lams, Title 18, IL S C. 793 and 794, the transmission e o of WhichY manner to unauthorized per. son is prohibitedy I 7 o REPORT NO. 00� 13 DATE DISTRIBUTED NO. OF FADES NO. OF LADLE. SUPPLEMENT 10 REPORT # THIS is UNEVALUATED INFORMATION Central asie in _august and bis persunal ohbei'vations. ESPONSIVE T Co t o right jand a �of the road to the airport, at liii a shall enclonure,there was a round radar four ume it urn .caUar although it could have been nab b jind a barbed vire enclosure didn't notice ' one concrete noi book off on the road, I celia-n thibk that there e other aipoxvs triadkeen it in nio al the nay RY SLJ3CT a AREA CODES - (me ime employees igher echelons with alive duty (except) e originating office h DISTRIBUTION AIR 0 DISSEM ABROAD CIA' AEC and FBI; and, within State and Defense. the intelligence components, other sir Immediate supporting, staffs, Not to be disseminated o a /erne/ projects -vidnais who are normally full-time employees of CIA, ARC, FBI, Slate or IDnfense obtained through the Assistant Director for CoD in ection and Dissemination, CA , , IA CL CROLS F ANY INFORMATION REPORT This material contatn informationalfecttng the National Defense of the United Stateshe meaning of the Espionage Title 18, U. S. C. Sacs. 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation of which in any mannerto on unauthorized per- son is prohibited 2edio PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY REPORT NO, 0 SUSJECT OATS DISTRIBUTE 2.7 ei,1N /9snovcic O. OF PAGES I NO, OF ENCLS. SUPPLEMENT TO REPORT # PLACE ACQUIRED RESPONSIVE TO 00/C. DATE ACQUIRED 03 DATE OF INFORMATION (Date or dates, on or between WhiCh, events or conditions described in report existed) OURCE LIBIITETh Dissemination officesproducing IllS elements, or reserve personnel on short ft unless e permlss1n o THIS Is UNEVALUATED INFORMATION a ' NO DISSEld ABROAD LIMITED I nine employees of CIA, AEC and FBI; and, within Stale and D and higher echelons with their immediate supporting staffs. Not to be on active duty (excepting individuals who are normally full-time employe office has been obtained through the Assistant Director for Co o the lntelli� d to cons CIA, AEC and Die amponents, other sternal projects ate or Defense notion, CIA. SEE BOTTOM PAGE OR ADD A SP CI CO ROLS, NY ON REPORT This material contains information affecting the national Defense of the United States within the meaningonage Laws. Title 18, U.S. C. S 793 and 794, the transmission or revelation 01 which in y manner to an unauthorized per. oats is prohibited by law,D3 78'00,/ INFORMAT PREPARED AND DISSEMINATED BY CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY COUNTRY REPORT NO. 00� SUBJECT a, DATE DISTRIBUTED .� / , ' NO. OF PAGES NO, OF ENCI.S. SUPPLEMENT IERORT PLACE ACQUIRED (By source) 0�.'-' RESPONSIVE TO DATE ACQUIRED ATE OF INFORMATION (Date or dates, on or betn'eea which, events or conditions deexisted) ... 0 p OURCE 0.���1.y. � tn THIS I UNEVALUATED INFORMATION dare are ba in Baku 101'111. ,e 'neer, concrete runnay, up .fas another radar installation d'net one. The ra,dar shape vas j ea - airport vsith t.Lie ovodA pleb one ru way appeared Tt-ea oft at had no he they isnvodelt had no a 5y foPrd. STATE !TED. Dtsse offlce producingIS elements, and or reserve sonnet on short ax The en permission of the A ess pal Asia - All of the airports T. open land and a �En5 pore heomed in ' tral Asia were n- ed by grass-worn tet5j aona ad I note' an airport about 30 h at a very igh altitude at the ' ' appeared to run right up to nh nstrueted of concrete and rather long runvay, with the planes end, ing :an attendant v where evident ply at all, At DISTRIBUTION AIR up u end o NO DISSEM ABROAD employees of CIA. AEC and FBI; and, w allele= with their immediate sup ve duty (excepting individuals who a emoting office has been obtained than: State and Defense, to the intelligence stied to consultants, exter IC employees of CIA, AEC, FBI, State o Director for Collection and Dissemination. CIA. look CODES US,6 NOFORN 7s-7, q A / 3J17 0 , o I NO DISSEAOROAD LTL7T-ED 27 December 1955 1. irior to the time I was assigned this case a number of CIA employees had already been in contact with dobert I. Kennedy. Before leaving on hissax-we- tour oi the U-A in the commany of Justice William C. Douglas, he was seen by Archibald e Ltoosevelt and J. allik of sa, .Jilli,7.7. V. Watts of OCd and Guy Coriden of CAA. Don his return he was contacted by Nelson H. Frickharn, June _':worobuk and Vasia '-' Omirkin of ji end Watts of GCA. 2. Personnel in AK, other than those mentioned above, who partici ated in the exp tation of Kennedy are lvangeLsie Cawley of and Or el K. Lencho of '',i7t/6. 3. The net intelligence take from Kennedy was: Diary: A 129-page diary kept by Kennedy, supplemented by information obtained at two debriefings held by Gmirkin and Kiss Sworobuk. The questions asked at these debriefings were based on the obvious gaps of information in the diary as well as requirements prepared by 5d/Kd and oaa. Almost all of the information Kennedy furnished was of a purely positive intelligence nature. TSS Items: deceived for retent were 14 postcards, writing pape sox. n and transmission to Ti striped rayon shirt and c. On LoanMaterial: a brochure entitled "Soviet Kazakhstan" was borrowed and reproduced. Eight unopened letters, mailed from the 'OSSA to his wife and family, were borrowed and examined by TS'S. The envelopes, with Kennedy's eermissior, were retained by MS. d. Graphics ',Tate 600 color slides and 400 black and white photograahs were borrowed and reproduced. 5A/6 is to debrief him for operational intelligence, based on his photoraphs, sometlme in January 1956. Kll of the oduced graphics m,t'xial will be made available to the intellignce community by placing it with Graphics Aegisto 4. Bill Watts of CCA scheduled a general debriefing of Kennedy for the morning of 21 December 1955. 1 was able to cancel this debriefing on 20 December at the request of Kennedy. Kennedy at this point felt he had furnished absolutely all he could and any further general debriefing would be a waste of his time as well as of those member' the intelligence community who 1dnned to attend, tie su.ted that his future exoloitation be limi ed to a debriefin by and any specific cuestions that arise from any member of the intei gence community after his material is published. 5. Gn 27 December I handed over Kennedy's diary and all supple- mental information I was able to get from him at the debriefinRs to oseph M. 'CicHuuh of the 3a Branch of GO/ for publication. It was understood, however, that the diary could not be published until a list of names (individuals and installations visited) was obtained from Justice Douglas by Bill Watts of OCH and forwarded to GO Yennedy's diary was completely void of all names, as by mutual agree- ment they decided Justice Doug,las would re rd these and make them available to Kennedy upon request. 6. it is rat,er awkward for me to unto a critique of this case, as I am a relatively now member of ba hivision and was only broujit in at the tail end of this case. rowevr, as I was asked to do this, the following are my comments: a I think Kennedy would have been far more satisfied with his experience with the Agency, had fewer CIA personnel been in direct contact with him, he questioned this at one point, wanting to know why he was being passed from one person to another. The reproduction of Kennedy's graphics material right have been handled more to the satisfaction of all concerned had more planning been done before the material was initially borrowed. As it turned out, nis graphics material was borrowed in batches, but no attempt was made to reproduce any part of it until sa/6 had all of the material. By the time this material was evaluated and a decision was reached to reproduce all of it, Kennedy needed it back. Then we again had to borrow the same material in lots, this time for reproduction purposes. This procedure was not only time consuming as far as the case officer was concerned, but also rather hard to justify to Kennedy. c. In my opinion e should steer clear of such cases in the future. As it turned out, Kennedy's information was of very marginal operational value. The bulk of his material was of a positive intelligence nature, yet personnel of aa spent much valuable time on his. Would it not have been to our best interests to brief and debrief him on operational intelligence only and to have allowed GCa or GO/C to shoulder the burden of exploiting him for the positive intelligence': In that way, the operational intelligence take might have been greater and we would not have been burdened with his exploitation for positive intelligence and the preparation of this material for publication. I SOVIET COW NIA SEEN IN CENTRAL ASIA The soviet Union Was yesterday of pursuing; owns, colonial policies for tithich it been denouncing the West. Robert F. Kennedy. colinsel for the Senate Permanent Sun - committee on investigations, :said he had found evidence mass executions, segregation and ; suppression of religious a nit press freedom in Soviet Central ; Asia. Mr. Kennedy, who recently completed a six-week tour or the Soviet. Union with As.sociale Ins- tiee William! 0. Douglas or the; , United States Supreme court, spoke at a luncheon of the Coin,- of Islamic Affair.i at the Am- bassador Hotel. : - "My feeling is that while we ; , are justly critical of the French, 'attitude on 'Algeria and Moroc- , co.' Me, Kennedy said, "it might! km well to look into what. is' 'going on in Soviet Central Asia." It ia the Russian, ComnitoUsta, he ,said, who enforre.segregation In the five Republicans or Cen- tral Asia, maintaining separate' schools dance halls and parks; for European Ruplans and those; of Turkish and Persian strIch. The Council of Islamic Affairs! consists mainly a business men! seeking to promote friend.shiM and business relationships !be- tween this country and the.: - Moslem nations, ' 'Chk3� For Ignor MOSCOW. Aug.. preme Court Juatice WIJ Douglas has-been ward fled by Pravda to avoid further "ignor- ant" statements such as his suggestion that certain Southern or Central Asian republics of the 'USSR could "ne restored to Independence. Justice Douglas, now in Iran, is Scheduled to enter the Soviet Union this week. Prattla said Justice Douglas made his4suggestion hi an inter- view prir.ted in the Banificnb Post. � , When the mOuntain-cliMbitig IJustice approached the 'borders i of the Soviet Union several.Years ago,: thr Soviet press 'accused him of spying n the country from, Mount Ararat. This tittle he..has an entry visa and Pravda, the oticial Soviet Communist Party -newspaper, has promised he will be hospita- :My received: But a two-column article on its foreign :noVs Page rerninded him o hehirm of ; asty cpirdOtui?!,,,, Shep gave an operational clearance by telephone" Senate Investigations Co ee LOOK VOLUME 19, NUMBER 25(. DECEMBER 13, 1955 j Soviet Colon. a sm- Turn the page for a distinguished American's firsthand report on the hidden Russian empire By Williani 0. Douglas Associate Justice, U. S. Supreme Court RODUCT OF TERROR continued A generation of Communist rule after the Cza regime brings tight political control, discrimination and repression for millions, in spite of material gains Inc Soviets roundly denounce colonialism and pose as champions of the underprivileged. Yet within its own borders, the U.S.S.R. today has a brand of colonialism similar to the kind the French practice in Morocco and more evil than anything England ever promoted. I speak of Central Asia, where I spent a month this last summer. In this part of the Soviet Union, political control is concentrated in the hands of Russians; there are segregated schools, special courts for the trial of Russians, discrimination against the native people, a ruthless suppression of all nationalist sentiments and a quick liquidation of all those who dare breathe a word about liberty. Central Asia is that vast stretch of country from China on the east to the Caspian Sea on the west. It has long been populated by non -Russians: o crkmen who, as their name suggests, are tied to Turkey by language, race and customs; Tadzhiks who are Persians and Afghans; Uzbeks, Kirghiz and Kazakhs who have Mongol antecedents and speak a Turkish tongue, All five were bound together by a common way of life and by the Moslem religion. These people live today in five states or republics which are part of the Soviet Union: Turkmenistan, Tadzhikistan, Uzbekistan, Kirghizia and Kazakhstan. The total population of these republics is over 16,000,000. Czarist Russia conquered these Central Asian peoples in a series of military campaigns that ended near the close of the last century. The con- quest was part of Russian expansion designed, first, to check England in India and Afghanistan and, second, to make Russia independent of Amer- ica for cotton. As I traveled this region, I heard officials over and again condemn the "colonial system" that the Czars had imposed upon these republics, and praise the reforms of the Soviets. "Under the Czars, only two per cent of the people were literate," said the Kazakh mayor of Alma-Ata. "Today, 100 per cent are literate." In Soviet Central Asia, public-school attendance for seven grades is compulsory; and the aim is to raise the requirement to 10 grades as soon as schools and teachers are available. "Under the Czars, there were no hospitals for the people and few doctors. Today, there are hospitals for everyone; and the remotest village has medical care." So spoke the Tadzhik dean of the medical school at Stalinabad. Medical care is, indeed, high on the Soviets' priority list. Each of the Central Asian republics has at least one medical school; and on gradua- tion, the doctors are assigned, military fashion, to villages, factories and farms. Most factories and most farms have their own hospitals. In the Soviet Union, a factory is the center of an entire community; each factory has its own stores, theaters and parks. In Tashkent, the Stalin Textile Mill, which turns out 600,000 meters of cloth a day, has 12-000 workers, all 36 Justice Douglas's tour: (1) Pahlev1; (2) Baku; (3) Krasnovodsk; (4) Ashkhabad; (5) Chardzliou; (6) Bukhara; (7) Samar- kand; (8) Stalinabad; (9) Tashkent; (10) Frunze; (II) Alma-Ma; (12) Semipala- tinsk; (13) Barnatil; (14) Novosibirsk; (15) Omsk; (16) Petropavlovsk; (17) Sverdlovsk; (18) Moscow; (19) Leningrad. living in flats and houses built around the factory, with state-owned ping centers close at hand. This mill has two large hospitals for the exclu- sive use of its employees. The Stalin Collective Farm near Stalinabad, with 15,000 workers on 25,000 acres of cultivated land and 42,000 acres of grazing land, has scattered across its vast domain 36 small hospitals, in- cluding several maternity wards. Each is serviced by a doctor. Gall blad- ders and goiters are removed and babies delivered right on the farm. "Under the Czars, there were unemployment and suffering. Under the Czars, there was no provision for the aged and the invalids." So spoke the Uzbek mayor of Tashkent, a lady. There is no unemployment under Communism. Of course, one who dabbles in politics, contrary to Communist teachings, may be sent to a far-off labor camp. Yet one who bows to the Communist regime and re- mains silent has the freedom to work. Even so, by American standards, that freedom is greatly restricted. In the Soviet Union, labor can be drafted in days of peace as well as in war; there is no right to strike: a worker cannot pick up and leave his job because he does not like the factory or the coin- munity�he can change jobs only with the permission of the director of his factory. But there is some security for the aged. Every worker has the right to retire at a given age-55 years for women and 60 years for men�and draw as a pension a sum equal to one fourth of his lifetime average wage, "Under the Czars, workers lived in hovels and worked as slaves," an Uzbek trade-union member told me. Slave labor is still notorious in Russia, somewhere in the millions. One of Central Asia's camps is at Karaganda, the big open-pit coal-mining town in central Kazakhstan. Regular labor is paid low wages by Amer- ican standards. As I visited factories, railroad yards and construction jobs, I picked workers at random to see what wages they made. The high eat paid industrial worker gets $3,000 a year. The highest paid unskilled la- borer averages around $400 a year. There are many who get less than that, and the agricultural worker does not fare as well as the industrial worker. By American standards, Central Asia is far behind in agricultural, industrial and civic development. By Asian standards, it is for ahead. In material terms, the Soviets have, on the whole, done well by Central Asia. But by most other standards, the natives of Central Asia, like other colonial people,,fare poorly. One of the bloodiest chapters of Central Asian history concerns the introduction of the collective farms in the late 1920's and early '30's. On my Central Asian journey, I tried to reconstruct those years and learn what had happened. Some of my witnesses were cowed by the watchful party member, present at most of the conferences. Some did not know what had happened: The statistics are buried in court files and in the files of the secret police�the MVD. They probably never will be seen by Western eyes. For the total liquidation during the five-year period beginning in 1929 was enormous. There were murders galore, murders conducted by the noto- rious Ogpu. Men who resisted party organizers sent out from Moscow were shot. Others were seized, sentenced to prison and sent off to labor camps or farmed out to industrial plants. The charge against those who opposed the program of collectivization was resisting the law "with counterrevolutionary intent." The accused were the landowners big and small; the mullahs (religious teachers), who favored private ownership and the status quo, and nationalist leaders, who, though Communist or Communist-inclined, favored self gletermination by these Asian people, rather than remote control from Moscow. The Soviets served multiple purposes by these terroristic tactics. First, they broke the resistance to the collective farms. Second, they seized on this program of collectivization as an opportunity to force excess farm labor into industry. And third, they used the reign of terror to eliminate leaders who were more nationalist than Communist. Kirghizia and Kazakhstan antlered most. These were countries of continued 37 PRODUCT OF TERROR esniivaed nomads, who from time out of mind have moved with their sheep and cattle to the high mountains in the summer and back to the plains in win- ter. Nomads are tough-minded, individualistic. They have long known adversity and flourished on it. They, rather than the sedentary farmers, formed the greatest opposition to the Soviets in Central Asia. And they were the chief victims. From Soviet census figures and interviews on my tour, I learned that hundreds of thousands of Kazakhs and Kirghiz were either liquidated or starved to death. The resistance of the nomads con- tinued even after the program of collectivization had been imposed on them. In Kazakhstan alone, nearly three fourths of all the collective farms which were formed beginning in 1929 had disintegrated by 1932. The nomads, who had been forced into these farms, deserted them, slaughter- ing the livestock before they left. Order was restored only when Moscow decreed in September, 1932, that each nomad on a collective farm could privately own 10 cows, 100 sheep and goats, 10 horses and five camels. Another aspect of Soviet colonialism is the relentless suppression by the Russians of all nationalist sentiments in these Central Asian republics. In 1927, the Communist party of Kazakhstan gave Kazakhs priority to the agricultural lands of that republic. Moscow reversed that decision, denouncing the discrimination against the Russians. And the Kazakhs who backed that policy were purged. Russia under the Czars tried to make Central Asia dependent on Rus- sia for food by encouraging the production of cotton instead of cereals. To some extent, the Soviets have followed the old Czarist policy to this day. But the desire of many Communist nationalists was to make these repub- lics self-sufficient and not dependent on Russia. In 1937 and 1938, the proponents of that program were purged or liquidated. In Tadzhikistan, Communists who showed pronounced nationalist tendencies were also purged during the 1930's. Some had even wanted Russians excluded from the country. During the same period, there were liquidations of prominent Communists in Turkmenistan who wanted greater autonomy for their re- public. No colonial power was ever more sedulous in ferreting out the nationalists in its midst than Russia in Central Asia, Russians Dominate Industrial Plants What meets the eye suggests that the Russians have gone far to pro- mote the "culture" of these various Asian people. But that is only part of the story. The Russians have taken from the old Asian culture only those fragments that suit the Communist aim. In one sense, they have done much for the theater in Central Asia. Before 1917, the Kazakhs had music and ballads, but no theater or stage. The Russians brought the theater, opera and ballet to Kazakhstan and found great hidden talents among the Kazakhs, I saw Kirghiz ballerinas, who had been trained in Moscow, perform in Frunze with a skill that would put even the Bolshoi artists of Moscow on their mettle. Rut the Russians use the native arts to promote the Communist cause. Even the lovely ensembles are turned to propaganda. The Tatar Ensemble in Tashkent opens with songs praising Lenin and the Soviet cause. The Uzbek Ensemble has a finale with dancers dressed in the costumes of the people of each Soviet republic. Each group in turn does a dance typical of the republic it represents. Near the end, a group of four dressed in red and representing Russia enters, whirling and stomping in a wild Russian dance. Then, they form the hub of a great wheel with some 60 dancers forming the spokes. As the wheel turns, Miss Russia is raised high in the center. She represents the role of the Russian in uniting divers racial and religious groups and symbolizes the dominant role of the Russian in the affairs of all the affiliated people. Russia has consistently promoted what the Communist nationalists of Central Asia most feared�a Russianization of these countries. This is partly a natural result of the Russian conquest and partly a studied effort. Central Asia is rich in natural resources. Uzbekistan has great ura- nium deposits. Kazakhstan is probably first in the world for its chromium. And it produces 50 per cent or more of all of Russia's copper, lead and zinc. These and the many other minerals found in Central Asia require plants and factories for their development. It was Russia, not the Central Asian republics, that had the engineering genius for the task. And so the 38 Russians moved in ; and they are there today in increasing numbers. Before the October Revolution, Central Asia was a vast feudal domain with few industries. Today, it is a veritable arsenal of Soviet power atomic energy, coal mines, copper smelters, steel mills, oil wells, textile mills of all , varieties and a miscellaneous group of factories producing goods from agricultoral implements to machine tools. The industrial plant is a Russian creation, and the Russians dominate it. They occupied the strategic positions in practically every factory I vis- ited. Most of the labor staff is drawn, of course, from the local people. Some of the natives have moved up the ladder to skilled posts, to administrative positions, to supervisory roles. There are Kazakh engineers, Uzbek fore- men, Kirghiz supervisors, Turkmen mechanics and Tadzhik managers. But I noticed that in every factory where the natives outnumbered Russians in supervisory or managerial posts, the Russians occupied the command posts. The Russians are encouraged by Moscow to emigrate to this hinter- land in Central Asia. Moscow does not use exhortation alone. It promises tangible, financial rewards. Every Russian who goes to Central Asia to work whether as doctor, teacher, engineer or manager�gets 30 per cent more salary than the same job pays the Asian applicant. The Soviets have adopted for Central Asia the same preferential salary scale as the French have adopted in North Africa. The Russian, like the Frenchman, who goes to his country's colonial frontier to work is paid more for his services than the native of the same training and skills who does the same work. Communists and Moscow Control Decisions The Russians have poured into Central Asia in such great quantities that the subject is a touchy one. Everywhere I went I asked, "What per- centage of the town is Russian?" The answer was almost invariably, "Twenty or 25 per cent." Yet it was obvious that in the capitals of the five Central Asian republics, the population was at least 50 per cent Russian. The Asians are, of course, in titular control of their governments. In each of these republics, the city officials are mostly natives. So are the ministers of the republic. And g majority of the state legislators are also . Asians, Moreover, if is the policy oftheRussians to recruit the civil service locally. But these statistics tell only a part of the story. The Russians are scattered through the secondary posts in the local government, so so to alt astride most of the channels controlling the important decisiona. The deputy to the Kazakh mayor will be a Russian. The deputy to the Uzbek minister of education will be a Russian. And when it comes to tIme hoe MVO, a majority of the top officers are Russians, That control, important as it is, is overshadowed by the central control that Moscow has over the basic affairs of the republics. Under the Soviet constitution, 32 federal ministries in Moscow have direct control over local affairs. These include communications, city building, electric power, coal, labor reserves, machine tools, etc. There are 21 federal ministries in Mos- cow that supervise and direct the state ministries in the same field. These include the MVD, education, public health, agriculture, finance, judicial administration, etc. In other words, the real political power is in the center, located at Moscow. The Asians can man all the local posts and yet have no real voice in vital affairs. The decision to build a new schoolhouse in Frunze or to plant 1,000 acres to sorghum in Uzbekistan must be made in Moscow. The apex of authority in Moscow is the Presidium. The Presid- ium has one Armenian (Anastas I. Mikoyan) and one Jew (Lazar M. Kaganovich). But it has no member from Central Asia. The Asian in these republics leads a busy life voting. The Kazakh votes f or his representatives in the federal parliament the Soviet of the Union (comparable to our HOWE: of Representatives) and the Soviet of Nationalities (roughly comparable to our Senate). He votes for his repre- sentative in the Kazakh Supreme Soviet and for his representative in the Alma-Ata City Soviet If he is on a collective farm, he votes for the com- mittee that governs the farm. If he works in a factory or on a railroad, he votes for his trade-union committee. But all the ballots on which he casts his vote are first approved by the Communist party. There is no other party. Write-in ballots are permissible. But no write-in candidate has ever won even a substantial vote in the con- trolled balloting in Russia. The Communist party is a powerful force, more continued Moscow-trained Kirghiz ballet dancers accept applause at end of performance of romantic story of two lovers. In Central Asia ivhere Communist aims set the pattern for existence, fa, ins,factories, schools and even the theaters are "Russianized" PRODUCT OF TERROR continued The Soviet educational system and the compulsory teaching of the Russian language help stump out the spirit of national consciousness powerful than the government itself. At the top, Nikolai A. Bulganin repre- sents the government, Nikita S. Khrushchev the party. The party parallels the government at every level, There is a party organization in every su- preme soviet of every republic. There is a party nucleus in every city goy- eminent. The party is organized everywhere�in labor unions, in universi- ties, on collective farms, in every precinct. The party is the all-seeing eye, alert to pass on to Moscow every deviation from the orthodox course, every dangerous innovation. The most dangerous innovations of all are the prin- ciples of nationalism and the right of self-determination of peoples. Those heretical principles have no chance of success in Moscow. For the Central Committee of the Communist party, which is some 120 strong, has on it only seven members for the live Central Asian republics. The Soviets have foisted segregation on Central Asia. There are sepa- rate schools for the natives and separate schools for the Russians. The native schools are taught mostly by native teachers. The teachers in the Russian schools arc almost always Russian. Instruction in the native schools is in the native language. Instruction in the Russian school is in the Russian language. There are native-language courses given in the Russian schools which the Russian students may or may not take, as they choose. In the native schools, there are courses in Russian which the native children most take. The pressure, in effect, is on the side of Russianization. The Soviet press for years has screamed against the discriminatory practice of a few of our states in segregating Negro school children from the whites. A party member always delighted ill teasing me about it. When I rejoined by asking about the separate schools for the natives of Central Asia, I got only resentful glares. The constitutions of the Central Asian republics guarantee the right to be educated "in the native language." But that right has been twisted to the Soviets' own end. The purpose was plainly to keep alive in oncoming generations the spirit of national consciousness. Most of these people have a literary tradition. Some of them, particularly the Tadzhik.s and the Uzbeks, have glorious ones. If the youngsters could be taught their native tongue, they would have access to those ancient literary treasures. But the Russians saw great danger in much of that literature, for it teems with nationalistic and racial sentiments. The Russians, therefore, very cleverly perverted the constitutional guarantee by introducing in all the native schools the Cyrillic (Russian) alphabet. The youngsters are now taught the Russian script, not the Persian or Turkish. Therefore, the stu- dents can read only those classics that are printed in the Russian alphabet. Since the Soviets have complete command of the printing presses, they stand between the Uzbek youngster and the glorious deeds of his ancestors. This segregation of the Russians into separate schools also gives im- petus to the Russianization of Central Asia. All education beyond the sec- ondary schools is in the Russian language. That is to say, the Uzbek who wants to he an engineer, doctor, agronomist or chemist must go to a uni- versity or institute where instruction is given in Russian. He is not barred because he is an Uzbek the doors are. indeed, wide open to him. But in reality, the Russian student has a preference. To do college work, the Bus. continued Photographs by the author Women laborers on collective farm near Altna-Ata in southeastern Russia Turkmenistan woman works on irrientiss of a collective farm near Ashkhabad, where the country resell es California's Imperial Valley, arms are heavily media Kazakh women fill their aprons with corn for livestock feed. Sweet corn on tim cob is unknown to the Russians, ds to a sorplusof farm lal,or, lust women stilly 5f) per cent of the manual work. Collective farmer sells produce he grew on own land at Alma-Ata market. Profits are his. Turkmen ink adhere to some of custo C arket days. Justice Douglas visits with Grand Multi Babshaasov, right, and his son. Grand Mufti is spiritual head of Moslems in Central Asian republics, Camel driver rests on way to a Turkmenistan sheep camp, where cam- els take place of trucks and horses and are used to supply milk and meat as well as for hauling. PRODUCT OF TERROR continued Russia's aim is to raise Women pour concrete on new mile-long bridge over Oh River at Novosibirsk. They make up a large percentage of labor force. living standards for Asiatics, as it strengthens Communist ties sian need qualify only in the Russian language, while the Uzbek must master two languages�his own and Russian�in order to qualify for higher education. The advantage is therefore with the Russian. The administration of justice also favors the Russian. Today, there is a unified system of law throughout all Russia. The same code is applicable in Ashkhabad as in Moscow. lip to the 19201s, this was not the case. In the beginning of the Soviet rule, the Moslem religious courts exercised their jurisdiction as they did under the Czars. In both criminal and civil cases, customary law was applied. By 1930, however, that system was abolished and Russian courts were substituted. In Soviet Central Asia. the Communist party invariably selects a ma- jority of the judges from among the native people. But the party always adds Russians to the group, making sure, of course, that the Russians are in the minority. So far as outward appearances go. the natives are in con- trol of their own courts. A Kazakh is, indeed, usually tried by a Kazakh court. But that is not the case when a Russian is a litigant. Once a Russian is a party, a vital change takes place. Soviet trial courts sit in panels of three judges. When a Russian is at the bar. a majority of the three judges are Russian. Russians sit in judgment on Russians in Central Asia just as Frenchmen sit in judgment of Frenchmen in North Africa. In spite of nearly forty years of repressive Soviet practices, the flame of nationalism still burns in Central Asia. One would have to become a member of the community, speak the language and earn the confidence of tim people o have the true measure of its strength and vitality. But that it exists is plain. One never finds it in the printed page or in conversation. Bat occasionally I detected it. Communists Are in Complete Control was tendered many feasts by farmers and by factory workers. At these banquets, there were many toasts�to health and happiness. to peace and friendship, to Premier Bulganin and President Eisenhower. I made a special point of raising toasts to the Asian peoples, their history and their heroes. In Ashkhabad, I emphasized the Turkish tie; in Stolinabad. the Persian influence; in Uzbekistan, the great Timm- and his halls of learning. Without exception, my toasts brought a transformation. It tapped deep wells of memory, and there came flooding to the surface emotions long suppressed. It was evident that the force of nationalism is still a factor in the affairs of Central Asia. This does not mean that revolt is imminent or that an independence movement has any real chance of success. Those who think so are engaged in wishful thinking. The liquidations in Central Asia have robbed the movement of its leaders. Moreover, these suppressed people have no politi- cal tradition, for, prior to the Communists, they lived in a feudal society under khans and emirs. The watchful eyes of the Communist party sad of the MVD make certain that no new leadership will arise. The Communist party in Central Asia is relatively small: but ills a hard, solid core of the tried and the true. The MVD is also omnipresent. It is an army as well as the police. It has tanks and airplanes and a ground force too. It Inns offices in every district of Central Asia, In Kazakhstan alone. the MVO has 200 stations. These district offices are tied together with a network of tele- phones, radios and Teletypes. The MVD has under its control- not only the militiamen whom one sees directing traffic and patrolling streets. but also a legion of plainclothesmen. The MVD is everywhere. 13ec.ause of the MVD and the Communist party, no revolt from within Central Asia is in the realm of probabilities. England gave India and Pakistan a degree of political maturity and ultimately turned them loose as independent nations. America nurtured the Philippines for several decades and then granted them complete nide. pendence. Russia has no such program for its subjugated Asian peoples. The contribution of the West to underdeveloped countries and feudal areas has been primarily political and spiritual�the self-determination of peoples, racial equality, the free ballot, due process of law, freedom of conscience, Russia's contribution to Asian life, though primarily ma- terialistic, has also been political to a degree. It has emancipated women not only from the Moslem veil but also from a subservient place in society. Equal rights for women have been applied in Central Asia, as throughout Russia, with a vengeance. In Russia. women not only dominate the medi- cal profession, constitute a substantial portion of the labor force in every factory and farm, and occupy a very prominent place in the law, they also do pick-and-shovel work. The Soviet Union today is bent on raising the standard of living of its peoples and strengthening the Communist inter- national domain through ideological and economic ties. One can be sure, therefore. that the Central Asian empire of the Soviets is not destined for political independence, but is there to stay. The natives of Central Asia are slowly but surely being Russia nized. A new generation is being reared which has little chance to know even its own history. Moreover, the Russians have infiltrated the country and its erntmeot so deeply, and they are now so necessary to the operation of the cast industrial plant. that the political emancipation of Central Asia is a lost cause. Of course, the Turks. Persians and Mongols who make up the bu- reaucracy in Central Asia all praise the Soviets for the reconstruction of thin area. Though the masses are silent. I occasionally broke through the barrier. And when I did, I learned that there were many natives wl greatly oppressed, 1 never forget an interview Kazakh workers. There were three of a passenger.car cleaners. They had on their heads. not turf) karakul hats typical of their ancestors, but the heat') dark caps that mark the Russian worker. They wore rough brown Mackinaws and greasy dark trousers, running into knee-high hoots. The boots�frayed and decrepit� the only visible link they had with their ancestors, except, of course. Mongol faces with high cheekbones, I was the first American had ever seen, and they were filled with curiosity. Their questions fast. Finally, it was my turn. "How do you like it under the Cornmunhst regime?" I asked. Each looked over his shoulder to make sure no one was listening. Then, the oldest one�a man of about 50 with a wisp of a black mustache �whispered: "Well, we exist." In another article on his visit to Russia�in a forthcoming issue of LOOK�Justice Douglas tells how the Soviets impose powerful restraints against the church and how religion still won't die 43 TO: Via Gmirkin /10 FROM: sR/supnly Officer SUBJECT: equipment I hereby acknowledge receipt of the 1, Recorder 0110 ing: Revere Model T-500 with microphone serial //////////////////' Please return signed copy(ies) of this receipt To NFIOARRivii 4,?9 36-66 (Signature of cipient) (Date received) 5 December 1955 ORM1DU1v1 FOR: Chief, SR 0 ATTENTION: FROM: SUBJECT: Mr. Va C/SR/ Robert Kennedy's Debriefing 1. We have read through Subject's diary and have written some additional questions in the margin. Not many comments were needed since your pencilled questions already cover the matter quite thoroughly. We assume that Kennedy will also be queried about the spots in the diary which are filled with blank spaces. 2. This office does not know whether Kennedy knows Flott (mentioned on p. 98 of diary) true position or only his cover position. May we suggest that in the DD/I debriefing Flott's true position not be revealed. 3. May we also suggest that a copy of the diary eventually be given to SE/4 for operational-leads perusal and for background information on their area. Oc.R. E.L.M. CAWLEY C/SR/ RQ SR TWO MORE VISITORS TO RUSSIA Iran.�Supreme Court Justice Douglas and his bareheaded traveling companion, Robert Kennedy, counsel to the Senate Investigations subcommittee, stand under a windblown Soviet flag aboard the Russian ship Pioneer as they set out for a Caspian Sea Crossing to Baku. They will begin a tour of the Soviet Union from there.�AP Wire- photo. 0 Top Uiliers Attend Parley to Devise Strict Measures S',,iort of Prohibition ;iily 4AI:ill( it Tbe 17,',.5.R,i;AW Nov, 27-----Polish alics ttri? engaged. 'in strugglr \Yale- ai olio I ism. sites Lion was monaidered ci r9:, go for is ton-ievelli limder the cliairmarii ship of Prtioliet was disci ithlellidedi byt .Ditt epy Prentiviti, .1alcrib Born-tan' and tailritisr; Glide; Eugetiitise Sr dPrnisiof the State Eiiionensic Plipirting Commission; .A1:c.,-,;,A ,,io,917t,y S. QC- ret c.1 Cf.FIC rat Cornraitteei of United Workers if.loniatimist) ourty� Stoszewsiti, liVarFiiiW SeCitothry of flit party, and Ililarrin minor. Minister of, Ekintemttc Trad.c, "Slo :Au] and losS caused hr aLcoltulism. Ins t-lug [aid \v3st,:lutrie2ss, disease and a,ssults, are very at iientiLeracted," i Ti-- i tin s titre- thr' evident graphs if arrested by' the police sod namee of the intaxicats'd pr-i-sr-i One cf the the vvortirrient coofstrtlnce '5 that tiorttioes .5,tone lei-k ansi vestauts belotgi thei -an resocci that protrilaii of tile!i isaice burnt 1.i.idt proved gy countries that 511Ch IT,Pli�sUr2S, resulted iii increasedi ,,',5051.1111,p-? tior of alcohol illicitly produced and in.crea.oed crime. The participants ma the fereoce stressed thic irritiOrlaocei of the, rote of tlie trade emintis! and yorth eit.�I a party reS3hltjr.,�r1 tic .pOihted Mir the barn-if-id:less tirtirikanneas. particularly among party nienibers. A decision was taken to put! arm eno, to an "indulgent attitude' tivrard drinking and lirawlingi in put-lit places" as well as toll:el, ring of iLloxicaLed person! wort:, it of the present thm 1,ie 4 twice said, "a hrancr "The ScrF vie press fornm �Years alism similar to the; has screamed against the eits-i French practice in I crinnuatory praptiiies. of a few. � t . , ou s,.a ,es in ae7regatIng,i tion n against the ative people, Citing lItc buildup of large,INegro school children from . a ruthless suppression of all rinndern industrial- cities in -the i whites. A party mombe � r af1-1 Nationalist. " , and area, Douglas said, !Ilieseere ways delighted in teasing ritel quick liquicritirn n alt thoRussian creations, and RusHabout it. When I rejridned irryl _ who flare sians in Central Asia get 30 ' asking a trout the s e ti e liberty," 'In spite cif rica 40 years i sam of repressive Soviet piactices,"jeants ii' more salary than the schools for the nativea of it pays the Asian aPPli-itral �\sia, T got only reser', glares." elute Carry Out All De MOSCOW, NOV. SR til-5 viet architects sent a pledge today to Premier Nikolai Bulganin and Communist Par- ty Secretary Nikita S. Khrusb- bev to improve Soviet arc tecture and building. Winding up the second day of their Cengre,s,s, they 1,i,..`ed the inuring headers in tridiii hailing them for tlac attention. they pay building and desigri. "In its work our Congress is led by decisions of the Party and standardization. and the Government en gu s es-i His tort speech was taken, lions of radical, improw.ment almost word for word from the, in indicting and architectural skill." the message said. "I.Vc are sure architects and build- ers, carrying out these decisions poisoning! iiinhiliisbed by 110 per cprot firs two Weeks this rrIP with the same. September Oc-1 Russia th Explo e imposes Segregation, NEW YORK, Non, 23 i,Le)�Su-:Dauglas said in 'a Look maga-, imerne Court Justice William 700 artiste 4 the flame of na- regatuon 0. Douglas today accused theitionalisin still burns in Conr;ral,sa "T !Soviet Union of exploiting, the Asia." But because of the So- schools for natives and "foisting sogrega-iviet secret police and the Corn- ,aratv school Con on Central Asia," monist Party, "no revolt from The native In an account of 'his recent. Central Asia is in thc Hosip, by na trip through Central Asia, Jan- realm- of Probabilities," he said. teachers in t,1 lice Douglas condemned thel Russian policy in that area are almost Russians for practicing sc gaiii on 1- U g Ii 'aegregttledi ehools� special courts for ftp Ict trial of fiussiarts, diserimina- Morocco la Do period tober, Restrict or rile habe. of aiiiinhot have beau instituted in, ,"ties, Font prohibition of alcohol and 'c,everages n introsineed in rna we riantceos and "ailwayl rt nai hts Soviet architecture!had eritfcLed Irliasor tor ISts- d building to new levels." failure to adopt tisala, Earlier Alexander Vlasov,i Vltisov made rio refet-asca Soviet architect who he-, I4 last public utteraree arget of official erit e the was touring the tales, went 'straig: e party line in his fir appearance since his r e than 7C in their 52 National Congress since 13t)Ishevik revolution, VI:1- ,7ov urged simplification buildings, reduction of cc Nov. 4 decree signed by Bu.-1 cfarlin and 5.;,..lirushchev whichi demanded these same peints.1,, The preamble ;If the decreel;' Coinro Pravda, g ftinct g for a ecitut national styles cf architect in the same Party ; 27 BERLIN (AP)-AN EAST BERLIN PUBLICATION SAID TODAY COMMUNIST EAST GERMANY HAS RECEIVED AN ATOMIC REACTOR AND CYCLOTRON FROM THE SOVIET UNION. THE ANNOUNCEMENT WAS PRINTED N THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPORT' AN ENGLISHLANGUAGE BIWEEKLY PUBLISHED UNDER A SPECIAL LICENSE' ISSUED BY THE OFFICE OF EAST GERMAN PREMIER OTTO GROTEWOHL. ' THE PUBLICATION DIDNOT GIVE THE DATE THE REACTOR AND CYCLOTRON WERE DELIVERED. IT SAID THE DEVICES HAVE "GREATLY AIDED" THE "RAPID DEVELOPMENT OF ATOMIC ENERGY FOR PEACEFUL PURPOSES" IN EAST GERMANY. WR1001AES 1126 FHIS 10-L MOSCOW IN ENGLISH TO THE UNITED KINGDOM 0730 11/27 (TEXT) IT HAS BEEN ANNOUNCED THAT THE NEW ENGLISH LANGUAGE -PUBLICATION, THE "MOSCOW NEWS," IS TO APPEAR IN MOSCOW BEGINNING IN JANUARY. IT WILL BE AN ...PAGE PUBLICATION, PUBLISHED TWICE WEEKLY. IT WILL COVER THE SOCIAL POLITICAL, ECONOMIC, AND CULTURAL LIFE OF THE SOVIET UNION. THE PAPER IS FOR FOREIGN READERS INTERESTED' IN SOVIET LIFE, AS WELL AS FOREIGN DELEGATIONS AND TOURISTS VISITING THIS COUNTRY. 11/27-..342A FBIS 30.'14 ?MOSCOW TASS RUSSIAN HELLSCHREIBER TO EUROPE 1536 11/26 (TEXT) MOSCOW--THE SECOND ALL-UNION CONGRESS OF SOVIET ARCHITECTS OPENED.TODAY IN THE !GREAT PALACE OF KREMLIN IN MOSCOW. ABOUT 700 DELEGATES AND OVER 1,$00 GUESTS ARE PRESENT. AMONG THE VISITORS ARE 'HEADS OF DESIGNING, BUILDING, AND SCIENTIFIC ORGANIZATIONS-, REPRESENTATIVES OF THE BUILDING MINISTRIES AND OF THE WORKS OF THE BUILDING INDUSTRY, AND CONSTRUCTION SITE INNOVATORS. THE OPENING OF THE CONGRESS WAS ATTENDED BY K.E. VOROSHILOV, A. I. MIKOYANy V.M. MOLOTOV, M.Z. SATUROV, M.A. SUSLOV, A.B. ARISTOV, AND P.N. POSPELOV. IN THE HALL THERE ARE MANY GUESTS FROM ABROAD: FROM CHINA, CZECHOSLOVAKIA, POLAND, THE GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC' HUNGARY, BULGARIA, AND OTHER COUNTRIES. THE CONGRESS WAS OPENED By LEV RUDNEV, ONE OF THE OLDEST SOVIET ARCHITECTS. HE WARMLY WELCOMED THE DELEGATES AND GUESTS. THE CONGRESS WAS ADDRESSED BY A.P. ARISTOV, SECRETARY OF THE cpsu CENTRAL COMMITTEE, WHO READ A MESSAGE OF GREETINGS FROM THE cpsu CENTRAL COMMITTEE AND THE USSR COUNCIL OF MINISTERS TO THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE CONGRESS. NP 11/26-1242P 10 II ) A HA le KAN") 5 7-4 Li/64-610 27 Catcher edy. F. said he about any thatos He hns 1000 color shots sod the city in which the ,-,ictcre was taker tes or the rictu�es, t we could borrow it for exsrcioeticn, the trip K. seid we o.duld borrow these ack and white. K. said that the same ot the back of each. ot9,1g.ut he took no Source said he :didn't k-now the exact 7..00 i s (as to streets) of tho buiJeleg and scenes for us. is quite as, cites are in Poston, of the informatien that he had take- sore o then ked if he hod riCked us theyalthough looked hot it. cards,.:ocondl are ,dasoed cut. and the other in fPthF3E., ,K. mentioned he had hand over tc us if we kere trtetrstrd sect these. S'ource resorted had the sane gu know when the 7etters were o.iTed. One groun letters came to K's office date these were received was recorded, ough nisunc7eretandinu these e s wore onened. Four or five 7ettero he sent to his Wife were di7ed and host unopened. ether iletters that he sent to his relatives we said that he could Ket -;These �.for us to exerine if we wanted them. roe, See the Truilding edrg sen -, said that they hadn't � vest of the cities do-- 't even have. :pcdst. oste do the statiL, s 5, 0-c in er that he 4-' "77.TST Dlido took 8 n exceat for the tine 7ettos ard yosted them. (Wednesday) he would hove a711 the dietpres he cington, Kr. Pri klKan said that if it were eriert he acothk es 'H. had on dond_ay at the Senator's office, and the , or 'Ted 26 July 1955 MEHORAgDUM FOR THE RZCORD: 1. Yesterday evening at 1910 hours, I called on Mr_.,Robert dy for the purpose of determining how much he retained-If-OM irst briefing and to refresh his memory and point up items ti,cular interest. 2. Mr. Kennedy looked very tired. and, admitted that he was tired and had, not had any dinner.. It was quite obvious he did, not consider the requirements I placed On him since the brief- ing session even though he took notes at that session. 3. As a result, I did not sDend too much time with him and we quickly ran through the requirements. As a result of his Senate Committee's current ureoccupation with the Secre- tary of the Air Force, Mr. Talbott, they were extremely busy. It was heae0 that he would take off on the coming Wednesday as he had honed. 4.I turned over to him for study Shabadls _dconomic Geography a national Geographic map of the USSR and S. bibliography of books on Central Asia. Joseph J. Bulik SR W/4 20 July 1955 MEMORANDUM FOR THE RECORD: 1. From 1900 to 2200 hours on 19 July 1955, the undersigned briefed Mr. Robert Kennedy, who will accom- pany Justice Douglas on his visit to the USSR in August 1955. The briefing took place in Room 101, Senate Office Building, offices of the Senate Permanent Committee on Investigations. Mr. Kennedy is employed by this Committee. 2. Mr. Kennedy Was briefed on the positive and oper- ational requirements as prepared by SR/PRR/R and SR/6. He proved to be a good listener and serious about the task he is to Perform for CIA. He requested that the undersigned spend one more evening with him and test him out on the retention of all the Points in the briefing. The understgned agreed to do so. J. The question of taking of notes came up. The undersigned. gave Mr. Kennedy the various alternatives, i.e., taking no notes at all and trying to remember everything (this of course would reduce the efficiency of the opera- tion considerably); taking pencil notes in a notebook and assuring that Kennedy would keep the notebook on his person at all times; and finally, the use of an s/w system with its security implications. The undersigned said that the choice of alternatives depended largely on Mr. Kennedy's own evaluation of his personal habits. The criteria and security practises of each alternative was discussed- Mr. Kennedy wanted to sleeo on it and talk with me about it the following day. I informed him that if it were decided. to use an s/w system that an expert would have to be brought in for one or two session for training purposes. He agreed to meet with such an individual if it were decided to use an s/w system. Josep J. Bulik SR /3 W/4 k T./1.7 ( 1UJuly 1955 O1ANDUM FOR THE RECORD: 1. On 9 July 1955. Mr. Roosev t, SR COP, asked me to brief a Mr. Robert Kennedy who will accomeeny Justic Douglas n a trip to the USSR. Mr. Roosevelt said that Sheff Edwards gave an operational clearance by telephone for Mr. Kennedy. Justice Douglas had asked the assistance of the DCI as concerns the preparation of an itinerary. SR Division did so and included all the Central Asian republics. The Soviets hate not as yet woroved the itinerary except that they did not approve an over- land route from Iran but rather coming in by ship to Taku. Archie said that one suggestion was a stop in Kazan - the ancient Slavic caeital. Justice Douglas had, already been briefed by the intelligence community. Kennedy was not present at the briefing. Archie felt that the Justice should not be involved in the pro- curement of intelligence but rather that he and I should make a pitch to Kennedy to observe for us. Archie made arrangements with Kennedy for lunch for 13 July 1955. 2. On 13 July 1955, Mr. Roosevelt and I had lunch with Mr. Kennedy at OlDonnellts seafood restaurant. A hie c rifled the confusion th-t existed as to who exactly was being represented- not State but CIA. He gave Kennedy the background on what has transpired already and urged Kennedy to try to keep the Justice out of the intelligence business. He asked Kennedy if he would in the course of his observations recall or note down answers to certain questions that we would have. Kennedy agreed to do o. Roosevelt implied that Kennedy might be given an S/W system. 3. Mr. Kennedy agreed to meet me next Tuesday July 19th at 7 p.m. for a briefing. I told him it would take several hours and that if necessary, as an aide to his memory, a second briefing could be arranged. I am to call Kennedy at NA 9-3120 or code 90 extension 1247 on Tuesday to give him a place of meeting. . 4. I obtained briefing materials and maps from Dick Ober and A.T. Stewart for this trip on 13 and 14 July. Josob Bulik SR w/4 UNC ASS F ED CONFIDENTIAL ROUTING AND RECORD SHE�T INSTRUCTIONS: Officer designations should be used in the "TO" column. Under each comment a line should be drawn across sheet and each comment numbered to correspond with the number in the "TO" column. Each officer should initial (check mark insufficient) before further routing. This Routing and Record Sheet should be returned to Registry. FROM: TELEPHONE 0. DATE ROOM NO. DAT RES'D F D'D OFFICER'S INITIALS TELEPHONE COMMENTS E 3. 4. 7. 9. 12. 13. 14. FORM MAY 54 .1 n PREVIOUS EDITIONS V MAY BE USED SECRET UNCLASSIFIED (40) 1. PART IT - 1. -- Mame toe eat lAkete in thitt moo the matted treek, looutett About 3 X � � barns ices *mod�and th � en maps Iron the ear buns route 24une south from the car IIIML 28 MUM south on ?AMMO eM =ISA SAISTOMegt end south on WM% dededd mate at VSIVII=CIIRSKAYA. MEM.* Prom the ear Us= on VOOTOCA, vest Azett UlATIM VIM to IIIMILMIC�A TIMM route then turns smith on =MA MiatSZSTAYA, MILOVSEM =TM to, route there are three possible tbeersa PreterEibly with binoculerso et the wetertrent pizes reor be kande. First yob* which is indica behind the Panusszont this emu *toad be most 'Amble 3. Piers a. Mutt d. ,t4,4t4,4 4 b (2 ) (b) (b) Air nt b V b. A 10. e. 0* 10 - 7) b. (2) b * rf et T Cen thGt sub- vation nortbeasts n road and tott al, e here Nov (6) tith (7) Deccribe c tbe radar Cbenrie buildings gl thireneTS. tires, Agricaltvral ;mob ittzvzt losatim wad builditw giring rt plant area. hip h, .;�-� A d. (2) 411 ok. (1) Locate and describe airfields. A copy March 25, Dear Mr. nerary could be ap ke Astara to Eaku Baku 'a'rasaav0dsk Krasnovodsk to Ashkhans Ashkabad to Chrzhc�: r:harezhau 71Ahara 'amar!,nantl t Stea.'nal,ad .T�eo-taabad �abod t. ara shad inabad ana kat aninabAd to Tashkent Tashkent tarurize 7runto t Alna Ata Alna aoscow 1 nerary be agreeable travel by travel by trarel by 1 by I by by travel by autonootle. travel by travel by auttrata lie travel by arlt7mbbi travel by.autmohile travel by ar travel by air travel by air, with One on two nra travel y air tray ca, aIr air tell ma what the approximate cost in dollars ould be, including travel, food and lodging? estate to cover three people: a ecretary or irterpr 1 am anl w ose tame - wiil subtlt you aho.r CIA INTERNAL USE ONLY When F,1led In) PERSONALITY (201) FILE REQUEST TO RI/ANALYSIS SECTION FROM INSTRUCTIONS: Form must be type( or pci nted in hloc SECTION I: List 201 number, name and sp1ictdil) must bc listed. II die identifyir at: DATE 7 Jarry:./.--, OPEN ACTION ROOM NO, AMEND CLOSE TELEPHONE Po; vided. All known aliases and variants name, if (KNOIAN Cot are unable to cons Pi SECTION II List ckyptonym or pseudonym. if assigned. IF true name is sensitive, obtain 201 number from (11 Control Desk and comr Section 2 and ion III. On it scparate form, enter the 201 number a nil ci in plcte Section II and Section III Submit each I'orn scpara SECTION III To he coroplo.c,1 in all casos. SENSITIVE 201 NO. NONSENSrrivE NAME (tostl (First) r TYPE 2 NAME � PHOTO 4. r� BIRTH DATE YES I NO OCCUPATION/POSITION SECTION I NAME VARIANT SOURCE DOCUMENT (Tide) SEX .14 (Middle). (Title) COUNTRY OF BIRTH 6. OR TOWN OF BIRTH 0715 OTHER IDENTIFICATION 2 Y3 OCC /P05. CODE r CRYPTONYm SECTION I PSEUDONYM COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE COMIv%ENTS PER YES ANENT CHARGE SECTION III IT. r ACTION DESK I 17.11F SECOND COUNTRY INTEREST RESTRICTED FILE 1GNATURE :9011- 12. r THIRD COUNTRY INTEREST 1_ 201- 2a. Form No. D31 �,e 10m56 piev CIA INTERNAL USE ONLY (38) CIA IN RNAL USE ONLY (When Filled In) PERSONALITY(201)FILEREQUEST TO RI/ANALYSIS SECTION DATE 7 JanuarT 19$ [ ACTION OPEN AMEND CLOSE FROM Si/1O ROOM NO. 2613 ..1 TELEPHONE 8 INSTRUCTIONS: Form must be typed or printed in block letters. SECTION I: List 201 number, name and identifying data in the spaces provided. All known aliases and variants (including maiden name, if applicable) must be listed. If the identifying data varies with the alias used, a separate form must be used. Write UNKNOWN for items you are unable to complete. SECTION II: List cryptonym or pseudonym, if assigned. If true name is sensitive, obtain 201 number from 201 Control Desk and complete Section I and Section III. On a separate form, enter the 201 number and complete Section II and Section III. Submit each form separately. SECTION III: To be completed in all cases. SECTION I SENSITIVE r 201 NO. 1. SOURCE DOCUMENT NONSENSI IVE PIP NAME (Last) (First) (Middle) --,^ .-(Title) ,ST Eob ert � EX r 2.) NANIE VARIANT_ _ r TYPE . NAME 2 i (Last) (Fir's ); , ,,,,,�,,.)/ (Middle) ,-,,--,, IT ) V, , , , bi c _ , ---- ' 1 ' ( ,--- , PHOTO 4 Pr BIRTH DATE �7�OPP'S. COUNTRY OF BIRTH 6. r CITY OR TOWN OF BIRTH 7.; OTHER IDENTIFICATION 8. YES NO D M V 7.---ir 2. r 3. OCCUPATION /POSITION OUnS to tie Se Investigations Subcommittee* OCC/POS. CODE 9. SECTION I ir r CRYPTONYM PSEUDONYM SECTION III V COUNTRY OF RESIDENCE 10 r ACTION DESK 11. SRA� or SECOND COUNTRY INTEREST 12 r THIRD COUNTRY INTEREST 12a. COMMENTS, 201� PERMANENT CHARGE RESTRICTED FILE SIGNATURE . ener YES NO YES NO Form No. 1 Oct. 56 831 Use previous editions. CIA INTERNAL USE ONLY 1381