SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TEST FACILITIES AND PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT PRODUCTION FACILITIES, USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP02T06408R000600010046-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 6, 2003
• Sequence Number: 46
• Publication Date: June 1, 1965
• Content Type: REPORT

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ECRET
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION REPORT
SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TEST FACILITIES AND
PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT PRODUCTION FACILITIES, USSR
CIA
DIA
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
TOP SECRET
zi ifie44f,, so f, ei; p(g7
June 1965
Declass Review by
NIMA/DOD
GROUP I
Excluded from automatic
downgrading and declassification
2(
2
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TITLE
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LOCATION
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PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION REPORT
SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TEST FACILITIES AND
PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT PRODUCTION FACILITIES, USSR
June 1965
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
TOP SECRET
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Figure
1.
Figure
2.
Figure
3.
Figure
4.
Figure
5.
Figure
6.
Figure
7.
Figure
8.
Figure
9.
AppIQR.SZCER EL)
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
-4
Page
Location Map iv
Construction Chronology of Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facilities and Probable
Solid Propellant Production Facilities (bar graph)
Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facility and Probable Solid Propellants Production
Facilities, Krasnoyarsk (photograph) 2
Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facility and Probable Solid Propellants Production
Facilities, Perm (photograph) 2
Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facility and Probable Solid Propellants Production
Facilities, Sterlitamak (photograph) 2
Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facility and Probable Solid Propellants Production
Facilities, Biysk (photograph) . 3
Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facility and Probable Solid Propellants Production
Facilities, Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy (photograph) 3
Probable Solid Propellants Rocket Motor Production and Test Facilities, Kemerovo
(photograph) 3
Krasnoyarsk Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facility (drawing and photograph) 4
Figure 10. Biysk Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facility (drawing and photograph) 4
Figure 11. Kamensk-Shalchtinskiy Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facility (drawing and
photograph) 4
Figure 12. Perm Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facility (drawing and photograph) 5
Figure 13. Sterlitamak Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facility (drawing and photograph) 5
Figure 14. Kemerovo Probable Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facility (drawing and
photograph) 5
Figure 15. Cross-section Drawings and Dimensions of Test Cells and Blast Deflectors 5
Figure 16. Perspective Views of Solid Propellant Rocket Motor Test Facilities (drawings) 7
Figure 17. Plan Drawings, Elevations, and Dimensions of Possible Assembly/Checkout
Buildings (drawings) 7
Figure 18. Layouts of Probable Solid Propellants Manufacturing Sections (drawings) 8
Figure 19. Perspective views of Possible Casting Facilities (drawings) 9
Figure 20. Plan drawings of Possible Temperature Conditioning Facilities (drawings) 9
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Boundaries are not netessordv those
recognized by the U.S. Government.
FIGURE 1. LOCATION MAP.
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SUMMARY
Solid propellant rocket motor test facilities, all as-
sociated with pre-existing explosives plants, have been
constructed in or near the cities of Biysk, Kamensk-
Shakhtinskiy, Krasnoyarsk, Perm, and Sterlitamak in the
USSR. A similar facility under construction at Kemerovo
cannot as yet be confirmed as a solid propellant test
facility. It differs from the others in that the appearance
of the incompleted test facility suggests an intention to
conduct vertical testing whereas the other 5 facilities are
designed for horizontal testing. Construction on all of the
test facilities began in 1961 or shortly after and has con-
tinued to the present, although most of them appeared to be
virtually complete by the end of 1964.
Concurrent with the construction of the test facilities,
additions have been made to the manufacturing facilities
of the associated explosives plants. These additions to the
manufacturing capabilities of the plants are considered
probable solid rocket fuel production facilities. Possible
casting facilities and temperature conditioning buildings
have been constructed at all sites except Kemerovo.
INTRODUCTION
Five solid propellant rocket motor test facilities and
one probable facility, all associated with pre-existing ex-
plosives manufacturing plants, are located at 6 different
sites in the USSR (Figure 1). Interpretation of these in-
stallations as solid propellant rocket motor test facilities
with associated probable solid propellants manufacturing
sections rests primarily on the premise that the test-cell/
deflector configurations were designed to test solid pro-
pellant rocket motors. If this premise is accepted, the
inescapable conclusion is that the Soviets are engaged in the
production and testing of large solid propellant rocket
motors.
This report is based solely on photographic analysis.
It is a comparative study of the 6 test facilities and the
associated production facilities. The test facilities were
the initial focal points of interest, all 6 having been first
observed in early stages of construction either in 1961
or 1962. The generally concurrent development of probable
solid propellant manufacturing sections as additions to the
explosives manufacturing plants and their probable relation-
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1961
1962
1 963
1964
J FMAMJJASON DJ
FMAMJJ ASONDJFMAMJ
JASON Di
FMAMJJASONDJ
FM A
KRASNOYARSK
Test cell/deflector No 1
Test cell/deflector No 2
Assembly/checkout building*
Rail lines - test area
Steam lines-test area
Casting facility No 1**
Casting facility No 2**
Temperature conditioning buildings**
Solid fuel production facilities*
Rail lines - production area
flei
.
,
,
PERM
Test cell/deflector
Assembly/checkout building*
Rail lines -test area
Casting facility**
Temperature conditioning buildings**
Rail lines - production area
Steam lines - production area
Solid fuel production facilities*
II
0
-
?
I
u/"..-.-
r
NTEF
MITT
N1
I
.
-
KAMENSK-SHAKHTINSKIY
Test cell/deflector
Assembly/checkout building*
Rail lines -test area
Casting facility**
Temperature conditioning buildings**
Rai! lines - production area
Steam lines - production area
Solid fuel production area*
I
I
I
I
111
,
'
-
u
c
u
c
-
,---____
1.
_
u
fc
BIYSK
Test cell/deflector No 1
Test cell/deflector No 2
Assembly/checkout building*
Rail lines - test area
Steam lines -test area
Casting facility**
Temperature conditioning buildings**
Rail lines - production area
Steam lines - production area
Solid fuel production area*
l-
I
I
g
,

?
'
?
?
u
c
?
STERLITAMAK
Test cell/deflector
Assembly/checkout build ing*
Rail lines - test area
Casting facility**
Temperature conditioning buildings**
Rail lines-production area
ll
1
1
1
,
,
KEMEROVO
L-shaped revetment
Support buildings
Rail lines - test area
Steam lines - test area
Solid fuel production area*
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FMAMIJASONDJFMAMJ
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* Probable
** Possible
M MONTH PHOTOGRAPHY WAS OBTAINED
U/C-UNDER CONSTRUCTION
FIGURE 2. CONSTRUCTION CHRONOLOGY OF SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TEST FACILITIES AND PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANTS
PRODUCTION FACILITIES.
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ship to the test facilities was not immediately recognized.
Five of the 6 solid propellant rocket motor test facili-
ties are directly comparable. These are located in or near
the cities of Krasnoyarsk, Perm, Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy,
Biysk, and Sterlitamak. Recent detailed reports on these
facilities present a step-by-step picture of their develop-
ment and functional interpretations of features they have
in common. 1-5/ The sixth facility, located at Kemerovo,
has some features in common with the other 5 facilities
but differs from them in several important respects. 6/
SIBL E CAVT
PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT
ROCKET MOTOR STORAGE
POSSIBLE TEMPERATURE
CONDITIONING BUILDINGS
SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET
MOTOR TEST FACILITY
TEST FACILITY STORAGE UNIT
FIGURE 3. SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TEST FACILITY AND
PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT PRODUCTION FACILITIES, KRASNO-
2?X1 YARSK,
APPT6115"gteCkfr
4e.
POSSIBLE CASTING FACILITY
-4
E SOLID PROPELLANTS
ACTURING SECTI
,atill)BABLE NITROGLYCERINE
&IV ITROCELLULOSE SECTIONS
OSSIBLE ATURE
401710 INGS
PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANTS
MANUFACTURING SECTION
SOLID PROP LLM4T ROC
MOTOR TEST FACILITY
FIGURE 4. SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TES
T ND
PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT PRODUCTION FACILITIES, PERM,
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SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET
MOTOR TEST FACILITY
TEST FACILITY
STORAGE UNIT
POSSIBLE TEMPERATURE
CONDITIONING BUILDINGS
PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT
CKET MOTOR CURING/STORAGE AREA
PROBABLE
ITROGLYCERINE AND
NITROCELLULOSE
SECTIONS
POSSIBLE:
CASTING
FACILITY
41k
--
FIGURE 5. SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TES) I-ACILITY AND
PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT PRODUCTION FACILITIES, STERLITA-
MAK, .
3g3H
3g31
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POSSIBI_E TEMPERATURE
CONDITIONING DUILDINGS
BASLE SOLID
MANUFACTU*
FIGURE 6. SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TEST FAC/L/TY AND PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLAN
FACILITIES, BlYSK,
""TtPrgetteltrir
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FIGURE 7. SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TEST FACILITY AND PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT tuil
FACILITIES, KAMENSK-SHAKHTINSKIY,
A?;LCI Por$ELSLI/
- 3 -
ROBABIZ SOLID PROPELLANTS-'
MANUFACTURIKG SECTODN---
PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT
ROCKET MOTOR TEST FACILITY
UNDER CONSTRUCTION
FIGURE 8. PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR PRODUC-
TION AND TEST FACILITIES, KEMEROVO,
??Al
3R3?1
H41
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The locations of the 6 installations by geographical coordi-
nates and their Bombing Encyclopedia numbers are as
follows:
Biysk
52-31N
85-05E
Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy
18-18N
40-12E
Kemerovo
55-26N
85-57E
Krasnoyarsk
56-02N
93-03E
Perm
57-58N
55-52E
SterBtamak
55-43N
55-57E
In this report, the following key features which most of
the 6 installations have in common are compared: 1) test
facilities as units, with separate comparisons of test cells/
deflectors, probable assembly/checkout buildings, and sepa-
rately secured storage units adjacent to the test facilities,
2) probable solid propellant manufacturing sections, 3)
possible casting facilities, and 4) possible temperature
conditioning facilities.
COMPARISONS
OF THE INSTALLATIONS
The Soviets apparently initiated construction of solid
propellant rocket motor production and testing facilities
late in 1960 and maintained a similar construction schedule
at all the installations considered in this report through the
end of 1964 when the program appeared to be virtually com-
plete except at Kemerovo. The chronological development
of the various major components of the 6 installations is
25X1
shown by means of a bar graph, Figure 2. Construction of
the test facilities was most obvious on photography early
in the program. It is now seen, however, that construction
of specialized manufacturing sections in the associated ex-
plosives manufacturing plants began at about the same time
and proceeded at about the same pace except at Kemerovo
where some marked variations in the schedule may be noted.
The overall similarity of the layouts and of the physical
relationships of the various test and production facilities of
the 6 installations is apparent on the photographs which are
presented on Figures 3 through 8. Detailed comparisons of
the major components of the installations are made in the
following sections of this report.
Possible railroad
under construction
? Road
Fence
?w? Wall
Steamline
Pipeline
500 9 500 1000
1. I. ROXIMAT
25)(1FIGURE 9. KRASNOYARSK SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TEST
FACILITY.
?i?i? Railroad , Revetinent
?. ?, Railroad , Bunker
under construction ? s? Steamline
? Road ? Tank
?n? Fence C Buried tank
?v? Wall
500 0 500 1000 .00
FIGURE 10. EllYSK SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TEST FACILITY.
Probable railroad
? Road
Fence
?w? Wall
Revetment
Bunker
Excavation
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FIGURE II. KAMENSK-SHAKFITINSKIY SOL ID PROPELLANT ROCKET2 5X1
MOTOR TEST FACILITY.
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- Railroad
? Road
?5? Fence
?w? Wall
Revetment
* Buried tank
FIGURE 13. STERLITAMAK SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TEST
FACILITY.
..PLttT-0
'c7,1'.nt5 ttr_n:TZ'
ReIlrOad
Probable railroad
? Road
Fence
?w? Wall
Revetment
00,0 ?0 ,0o0 ,000
T 1APP0.0%11.1/1 T
25)(1 FIGURE 12. PERM SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR ts I Y.
Railroad
? Road
- Fence
?5,? Wall
?s-- Steamilne
500 0 500 1000
FEET 1411,(0%
FIGURE 14. KEMEROVO PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR
TEST FACILITY.
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STERLITAMAK
, 5 ,or__.

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KAMENSK-SHAKHTINSKIT
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ire
_ 1
BITSK
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'fr e
FIGURE IS. CROSS-SECTION DRAWINGS AND DIMENSION
AND BLAST DEFLECTORS.
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TEST FACILITIES
The layouts, test cells/deflectors, support structures,
and rail services of the test facilities at all 6 installations
show much similarity. Another feature common to all ex-
cept Kemerovo is the existence of a small separately secured
sensitive component storage unit in the vicinity of each test
facility. The similarities are illustrated in photographs and
line drawings of the 6 test facilities which are presented on
Figures 9 through 14 and in the perspective drawings on
Figure 16. Detailed comparisons of the test cells/deflectors,
the probable checkout/assembly buildings, and the separately
secured storage units are made in the following paragraphs.
Test Cells and Deflectors
The test cells and their associated blast deflectors at
all test facilities except at Kemorovo are very similar in
appearance and are designed for horizontal testing. At
Kemerovo the L-shaped revetment is probably not designed
to be a blast deflector. At the other 5 facilities, deflection
25X1 angles of the faces of the blast deflectors vary to 30
degrees from the horizontal. The faces of the 2 deflectors
at the Biysk test facility have 2 distinct angles, the lower
parts of their faces being inclined at 25 to 30 degrees and
their upper parts at about 40 degrees. Another unusual
feature of the deflectors at Biysk is that they apparently
have a deluge capability, a means of spraying the deflector
faces with water. Horizontal pipes are apparently mounted
a few feet away from the faces of the deflectors where the
2 deflection angles intersect.
Longitudinal cross-section drawings of the test cells and
blast deflectors at the 6 test facilities are shown on Figure
15. These are drawn to scale and represent as accurately
as the data permits the dimensions, distances, and angles
of the depicted test components.
The primary purpose of all the blast deflectors is
thought to be the diversion of sound, heat, fragments, and
possibly noxious gasses. In all cases except at Perm there
are tilled fields in the back of the deflectors. At Perm the
area back of the deflector is wooded, and there is a separate
test position almost in line with the test cell/deflector con-
figuration.
AppToQPo&EGR FP/
Probable Assembly/Checkout Buildings
6-4
Structures tentatively identified as assembly and check-
out buildings at Biysk, Krasnoyarsk, and Sterlitamak are
H-shaped, and the one at Perm appears to be a modified
H-shaped structure (Figure 16). At Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy
a rectangular structure approximately 115 feet in height may
serve as the assembly/checkout building. There is a similar
rectangular structure (separately secured) at Perm in addi-
tion to the modified H-shaped building. The Kemerovo test
facility has no structure which can be compared directly
with those at the other sites, although a building 50 feet tall
(Figures 14 and 17) may house an assembly function when
the facility is completed. In all cases, these structures are,
or apparently will be, rail served. Plan drawings and eleva-
tions of the structures are presented on Figure 17.
Test Facility Storage Units
A small separately secured area is associated with each
of the test facilities except at Kemerovo. Each of the areas
contains 1 small revetted building, a large vacant revetment
in the shape of a square with one side removed, and 2 possi-
ble tanks which are either earth covered or earth banked
(Figures 3 through 7). These small secured sites are
thought to be used for storage of sensitive components of
rocket motors such as ignition devices. At Krasnoyarsk
the storage unit is adjacent to the northwest corner of the
test facility but is separately secured and may have its own
rail spur (Figures 3 and 9). At Perm it is located at about
midway between the test facility and the possible tempera-
ture conditioning buildings (Figure 4). The storage unit at
Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy is to the southwest of the test facility
and separated from it by a road and railroad (Figure 7). At
Biysk it is immediately west of the test facility (Figures 6
and 10), and at Sterlitamak it is a short distance to the east
(Figures 5 and 13).
PROBABLE SOLID PROPELLANT
MANUFACTURING SECTIONS
Each of the test facilities is associated with an explo-
sives manufacturing plant. All of the explosives plants are
probably capable of manufacturing double-base powder, and
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some probably also manufacture high explosives of various
types. In each case, the explosives plant antedates the
rocket motor test facility. Of significance is the fact that
expansion of the explosives plants has been concurrent with
the development of test facilities. This plant expansion has
consisted of probable solid propellants manufacturing sec-
tions (Figure 18) which were built during a 3-year period
extending roughly from mid-1961 through mid-1964. Also
during this period, possible casting facilities (Figure 19)
were constructed in all of the explosives plants except the
Kemerovo plant.
Krasnoyarsk
At Krasnoyarsk the probable solid propellant manufac-
turing section consists of 2 possible casting facilities, 7
storage buildings, and 2 large unidentified structures, all of
which were built adjacent to the double-base explosives
plant (Figures 3, 18, and 19). Pipelines and conveyer sys-
tems that link the possible casting facilities with the nitro-
glycerine/nitrocellulose production facilities suggest that
double-base components (i.e., nitroglycerine and nitrocellu-
lose) are the principal ingredients of the probable solid pro-
pellant produced at that location.
Perm
A situation similar to that in Krasnoyarsk exists at
Perm where a probable solid propellant manufacturing sec-
tion has been built on the southeast side of the explosives
plant. It contains a possible casting facility (Figure 19),
several storage buildings, and possible temperature condi-
tioning buildings. In addition, however, a large new separate
probable solid propellants manufacturing section has been
built (Figures 4 and 18). The facilities of this large new
production section at Perm are similar to those at Kemerovo
and Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy.
Kamensk-Shakhtinskiy
An entirely new probable solid propellants manufactur-
ing section has been built approximately 2 nautical miles
southwest of the main explosives plant at Kamensk-Shakhtin-
skiy (Figures 7 and 18). This facility is almost identical to
the new probable solid propellants manufacturing section at
3Ptli
fl
I
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Kemerovo. The possible casting facility at Kamensk-
Shalchtinskiy was built in the older double-base part of the
plant and appears to be equipped to utilize double-base
components for the production of solid propellants (Figures
7 and 19). This facility differs from those seen at the
other sites in that it consists of a large complex .structure
which is connected to 2 heavily revetted buildings rather
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than to 1 revetted building (Figure 19).
Biysk
6-4
The situation at Biysk is similar to that at Kamensk-
Shalchtinskiy in that the possible casting facility is located
in the older double-base area of the plant and is connected
FIGURE 16. PERSPECTIVE VIEWS OF SOLID PROPELLANT ROCKET MOTOR TEST FACILITIES.
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by conveyer lines to the double-base production elements
(Figures 6, 18, and 19). A large probable solid propellants
manufacturing section is located immediately south of the
main plant area (Figures 6 and 18). In addition to the usual
heavily revetted nitrating facilities in this new section, there
are administration and engineering buildings, a large fabri-
cation building, and several service/storage structures.
BIYSK KRASNOYARSK
80' X 90'
90'x 255
70' X 130'
90' x 130'
90' x 155'
PLAN
90'H
55 H 55'H
ELEVATION
80'H
PLAN
25'H
40'H 40'H -1
ELEVATION
15,1-1
KAMENSK-SHAKHTINSKIY STERLITAMAK
PLAN
115' H
ELEVATION
PERM
85' X 95'
65' x 155'
85'x 140'
go.x 255'
85' x 155'
PLAN
75'H
95'H
70'H
ELEVATION
KEMEROVO
55' x 135'
35'
15, x 135'
65' x 95'
155'
65'x 80'
45'
PLAN
90'
15'H
PLAN
35'H
ELEVATION
50'H
ELEVATION
FIGURE 17. PLAN DRAWINGS, ELEVATIONS, AND DIMENLN5 laRtniA-
BLE ASSEMBLY/CHECKOUT BUILDINGS.
3R*1
25X1
25X1
26x1
25X1
25X1
TOP SECRET
Approved For Release 2004/01/12 : CIA-RDP02T06408k000600010046-4
One of the revetted facilities is of particular interest be-
cause it is the only one of its kind found to date at any of the
subject sites and because of its unusual configuration. It is
a square building with a square high-bay section; the main
part of the building is approximately 55 feet high and the
high-bay section rises another 35 feet making a total height
of approximately 90 feet.
Ste rlitama k
At Sterlitamak (Figures 5 and 18) the possible casting
facility (Figure 19) was built within the pre-existing double-
base propellants plants as were some 12 other structures,
including several possible solid propellant rocket motor
storage buildings. Here again, the casting facility is linked
by pipes and conveyers to the double-base production ele-
ments. The Sterlitamak and Krasnoyarsk installations are
alike in that expansion has taken place within the explosives
plants rather than in separate new sections.
Kemerovo
A new probable solid propellants manufacturing section
has been built at the Kemerovo installation (Figures 8 and
1)5X1,
5X1'
18). It is essentially identical to the new section at Kamensk-
Shakhtinskiy (Figures 7 and 18). To date, the Kemerovo
facilities do not include a structure that is similar in any
way to the possible casting facilities at the other sites, all
of which have at least a generic resemblance to each other.
POSSIBLE CASTING FACILITIES
The possible casting facilities consist of large complex
buildings connected to 1 or more heavily revetted buildings.
Figure 19 presents a comparison of the possible casting
facilities that are found at all the sites except Kemerovo.
?.1- Railroad
,- Railroad under
/I / \ / , _Rcoonmetruction
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'oTo'-'r W7
FACILITY
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?Road
500 0 500 1000
KAMENSK-SHAKHTINSKIY
,
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'M. ?,
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KEMEROVO
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ORIGINAL EXPLOSIVES
MANUFACTURING PLANT
,--
E GINEERING
FEET IAPPROXIMATEI
PROBABLE
EXPLOSIVES AND
R AND 13 AREA
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