CHRONOLOGY OF THE MOSKVA GUIDED MISSILE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLANT KHIMKI 301 USSR

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP02T06408R001100010050-3
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 7, 2012
• Sequence Number: 50
• Publication Date: March 1, 1968
• Content Type: CIAPER

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IUF b1 I
PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION REPORT
j
CHRONOLOGY OF THE
MOSKVA GUIDED MISSILE RESEARCH AND
DEVELOPMENT PLANT KHIMKI 301
USSR
TOP SECRET
MARCH 1968
COPY N
10 PAGES
GROUP 1 EXCLUDED FROM
AUTOMATIC DOWNGRADING
AND DECLASSIFICATION
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CHRONOLOGY OF THE MOSKVA GUIDED MISSILE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLANT KHIMKI 301, USSR
SUMMARY/CONCLUSIONS
This report is primarily concerned with the chronologi-
cal development of the Moskva Guided Missile Research and
Development Plant Khimki 301. A critical appraisal of all
photography covering the plant has resulted in interpreta-
tions of functions of most structures. The extensive
modification of facilities first reported as operational in
the early 1950's suggests that the plant is, and has been,
engaged in follow-on missile programs which may or may
not be related to the surface-to-air and air-to-surface
missiles for which it was apparently originally designed.
The data presented in this report are pertinent to the
understanding of the entire Khimki Complex and are
essential in establishing the relationship of research,
development, testing, and production facilities to the overall
Soviet missile program.
INTRODUCTION
The Moskva Guided Missile Research and Development
Plant Khimki 301 is located at 55-54N
037-25E on the northwest outskirts of Moskva (Figure 1).
Plant 301 consists of a Plant Area and Test Area, both of
which will be discussed in this report (Figure 2). The
Plant and Test Areas are separated by the Plant and Test
Areas of the Moskva Missile and Space Propulsion Develop-
ment Center Khimki 456 ; the Test Area
of Plant 301 is adjacent to the Test Area of Plant 456 (see
Figure 2). Another facility associated with Plant 301 is the
Moskva Experimental Plant Khimki 293
located at 55-54N 037-27E adjacent to and east-southeast
of Plant 456. Plant 293 consists of both a Plant Area and
a Test Area.
The 301 Plant Area was first observed in September
1944 (Figure 3). The plant may have previously supported
Aircraft Plant 84, which was evacuated to Tashkent in
1941. 1/ A majority of the buildings present in 1944 have
been either refurbished or completely rebuilt. Plant 301
was one of the initial centers exploiting captured German
technology and personnel, as was Khimki Plant 456.
German scientists reported that the V-301 surface-to-
air missile (SA-1) and an air-to-surface missile were
developed and produced in limited quantities by 1951-52. 2/
The first missiles from this plant for aerodynamic, stabi-
lization, and control tests were available in early 1951. 3/
PLANT 301 TEST AREA
Figure 4 shows the Test Area in September 1967, and
Figure 5 is a layout drawing of the Test Area in which
structures are color coded to show their construction
chronology. Table 1 summarizes the available data from
the 25 photographic missions that have covered the Test
Area in the time period starting in June 1962 and ending
in September 1967; item numbers in this table are keyed
to Figure 5. The photographic coverage, although relatively
frequent, was often of poor interpretability, particularly
KH]MK
FIGURE 1. LOCATION MAP.
Z AGORSK
Railroad, multiple track
~- Railroad, single track
Road
NAUTICAL MILES
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? MOS4I'VA
MOSKVA KHIMKI
PLANT 301
during the period from July 1961 to June 1964; as a result
some items are reported as first observed and complete
on the same date. On the coverages of poorer interpreta-
bility, it is not possible to determine with certainty whether
or not a structure is operational--or even complete. The
highlights of construction chronology given in the following
paragraphs will deal only with Khimki Plant 301 Test Area.
HIGHLIGHTS OF CONSTRUCTION
CHRONOLOGY OF PLANT 301 TEST AREA
15 September 1944 - 1961
The Test Area was not present on September 1944
photography of the site (see Figure 3). It was first observed
on KEYHOLE photography of July 1961. Although the Test
Area in general could be identified at that time, it was
not possible to describe the construction status of the
various buildings.
1962
The first interpretable KEYHOLE photography was
obtained in June 1962. Significant items first observed
in June 1962 included Test Stand 1 (item 21, Figure 5) and
8 other structures with a total roof cover of
No apparent signs of test activity were observed at
Test Stand 1 during this time period.
1963
Numerous completed maintenance and test support
structures were observed by September 1963. These
structures increased the roof cover by 20,425 square feet.
Once again no apparent signs of recent test activity were
observed at Test Stand 1.
1964
The first photographic coverage of fair interpretability
was obtained in June 1964. This time period was one of
rapid expansion of Khimki Plant 301. The roof cover of
the Test Area was increased prac-
tically doubling the roof cover present in September 1963.
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 Complete when fir
Complete between
Complete between
Complete between
st observed
MOSKVA MISSILE AND SPACE
PROPULSION DEVELOPMENT CENTER
KHIMKI 456 TEST AREA
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Road
-w- wall
" Fence
Pipeline
Intermittent stream
Contour line
Index contour
Depression
Semiburied tank
O Tank
Stack
MOSKVA GUIDED MISSILE
RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PLANT
KHIMKI 301 TEST AREA
FIGURE 5. LAYOUT OF TEST AREA.
Table 1. Test Area of Plant .301
(Item nremhers are keyed to hr gore 5)
Item
No
Function/
Description
Dale
First
Observed**
Date
Observed
Complete
Explanatory
Notes
Storage bldg
Sep 63
Jun
64
Support bldg
Jun 64
Jul
66
Support bldg
Jun 64
Jul
66
Support bldg
Jun 64
Jul
66
Checkout/support bldg
Jun 62
Connected by 5-ft-diam pipeline
Support bldg
Jun 64
Jul
to main checkout/asbly bldg
(item 101
66
Support bldg
Jun 64
Jul
66
Tank
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Checkout/support bldg
Jun 64
Sep 63
Jul
Jun
66 Aprx capacity, 54,000 gal
64
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10 Checkout/asbly bldg
Jun 62
Jun
64
11 Steamplant
Jun 62
12 Service bldg
Jun 64
Jul
66
13 Service bldg
Sep 63
Jun
64
14 Checkout/support bldg
Jun 62
15 Service bldg
Jun 62
750
16 Lab/
i
i
bld
eng
neer
ng
g
Sep 63
Jun
64 %\ idth dimension overall
17 Service bldg
Sep 63
Jun
64
18 Prob pumphouse
Sep 63
Jun
64
19 Vertical pressure tanks
Jul 66
84 vertical pressure bottles,
20 Main test support bldg
Jun 62
posy containing gaseous
nitrogen or helium
21 Test Stand 1
Jun 62
Height aprx from top of super-
22 Service bldg
Sep 63
structure to bottom of blast
deflector
23 Service bldg
Sep 63
Jun
64
24 Test support bldg
Sep 63
Jun
64
25 Test support bldg
Jun 64
1Vidth dimension overall, roof
26 Service bldg
Sep 63
cover aprx
27 Service bldg
Jun 64
28 Service bldg
Jun 64
29 Guardhouse
Jul 66
Prob present earlier
30 Maint bldg
Sep 63
Width dimension overall
31 Maint bldg
Sep 63
32 Maint bldg
Sep 63
Width dimension overall
33 1laint bldg
Sep 63
34 Maint bldg
Sep 63
35 Maint bldg
Sep 63
36 11aint bldg
Sep 63
37 Maint bldg
Sep 63
38 Tank
Jun 64
Semihuried and earth mounded
39 U/I structure
Sep 63
Jun
with 2 vents protruding
through earth: may contain
propellants/blast deflector
coolant
64 Dimensions overall
40 Tank
Jun 64
Similar to item 38 except has
41 Checkout/support bldg
Jun 62
6 vents protruding through
earth
42 Test support bldg
Jun 64
43 Service bldg
Jul 66
44 Tank
Jul 65
Sep
67 Semihuried tank with at least
2 vents; associated with
45 Pose altitude simulation
items 45 and 46
test bldg
Feb 64
Jul
66
46 Poss altitude simulation
test bldg
Feb 64
Jul
66 Associated with a small
47 Cooling pond/dump pit
Jun 64
Jul
exhaust stack
66 Associated with poss altitude
48 Service bldg
Sep 63
simulation facility; scl ft
measurement represents
surface area
49 Service bldg
Sep 63
Appears to be an shed poss
50 Service bldg
Sep 63
served by small crane way
ltems 50-52 prob associated
51 Service bldg
Sep 63
with propellant and
52 Service bldg
Sep 63
equipment storage
53 Service bldg
Sep 63
51 Storage bldg
Jun 62
Appears to he an open shed
55 Service bldg
Sep 63
located adjacent to road-
served parking apron
56 Service bldg
Sep 63
Jul
66 Length and width dimensions
overall; additional support
building measures
57 Maint bldg
Sep 63
Jul
with roof cover of 609 sq ft
66
58 Storage bldg
Jun 62
Similar to item 54
Dimensions are accurate to within +5% or 5 ft, whichever is greater.
**Complete when first observed unless noted.
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FIGURE 6. ARTIST'S CONCEPTION OF TEST STAND 1.
FIGURE 8. ARTIST'S CONCEPTION OF POSSIBLE SMALL ROCKET ENGiNE ALTiTUDE SIMULATiON TEST FACILITY.
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NPIC M. 2940
FIGURE 7. GROUND PHOTOGRAPHY OF TEST STAND 1, MARCH 1966.
NP!C $-2942
FIGURE 9. PLANT AREA OF PLANT 301, SEPTEMBER 1967.
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Table ?J. Plant Area of Plant 301
rem niirn vrv or' keyed to Figure 10)
Item
No
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Complete when firs
Completed between
Completed between
Completed between
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Railroad
Road
-w- Wall
o Stack
FEET (APPROXIMATE)
NPIC M-2943
750
FIGURE 70. LAYOUT OF PLANT AREA.
35
36
37
38
39
39A
40
41
42
43
14
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
03
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
53
84
85
Function/
Description
Storage bldg
Support bldg
Support bldg
Lab/engineering bldg
Support bldg
Support bldg
Support bldg
Storage bldg
Lab/engineering bldg
Storage bldg
Security bldg,/hks
Security bldg/bks
Support bldg
Storage bldg
Main assembly bldg
Water roser\oir
Water reservoir
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Poss heat treatment
bldg
Support bldg
Support bldg
Motor pool
Motor pool
Shop bldg
Shop bldg
Support bldg
Support bldg
Support bldg
Shop bldg
Assembly/fabrication
bldg
Admin/engineering
bldg
Support bldg
Storage bldg
Support bldg
Poss heat treatment
bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Support bldg
Admin bldg
Water tower
Shop bldg
Assembly/Fabrication
bldg
Assembh/fabrication
bldg
Support bldg
Support bldg
Storage bldg
Support bldg
Maintenance bldg
Storage bldg
Storage/support bldg
Support bldg_
Admin bldg
Support bldg
Construction/support
bldg
Construction/support
bldg
Shop bldg
Support bldg
Steamplant
Steamplant.
Receiving/shipping
bldg
Shop bldg
Support bldg
Support bldg
Support bldg
Maint bldg
Shop bldg
Shop bldg
Support bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Storage bldg
Shipping/receiving
bldg
Shipping/receiving
bldg
Depot
Transloading bldg
Date
First
bserved**
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Sep 44
Sep 44
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Sep -11
Sep 63
Sep 63
Nov 62
Sep 44
Sep 63
Nov 62
Date
Observed
Complete
rov 62
Jun 64
Jun 64
Nov 62
Jun 64
Nov 62
Jun 64
Jun 64
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Oct 64
Oct 64
Oct 64
Sep 44
Jan 65
Jan 65
Jan 65
Sep 44
Nov 62
Jun 64
Jun 64
Nov 62
Sep 44
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Jun 64
Sep 44
Sep 44
Sep 41
Sep 44
Sep 44
Sep 44
Sep 44
Jul 66
Jul 66
Nov 62
Nov 62
Jun 64
Jun 64
Oct 6'1
Jun 64
Sep 67
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Oct 64
Nov 62
Oct 64
Sep 44
Nov 62
Sep 44
Jun 64
Oct 64
Oct 64
Oct 64
Oct 64
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Nov 62
Sep 44
Sep 44
Sep 44
Nov 62
Sep 44
Sep 44
Sep 44
Sep 44
Oct 64
Oct 64
Oct 64
Oct 64
Jul 66
Jul 66
Jul 66
Jul 66
*Dimensions are accurate to within ?5% or 5 ft whichever is greater.
**Complete when first observed unless noted.
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Explanatory
Notes
Located outside main security fence
Located outside main security fence
Width overall
Located outside main security fence
Width overall, height to highest bay
High bay section complete when
first observed Nov 62; length
overall
Surrounded by high prob
concrete wall
Surrounded by high prob
concrete wall
Dimensions overall
height overall
Associated with large vehicle
parking area
Width overall
Width overall
Length and width overall
Rebuilt since 1941
Dimensions overall
Similar to item 39A
Height aprx
May not be in use
Rebuilt since 1944
Rebuilt between May 66 and
Jun 67; transverse
monitors removed
Length overall
Contains numerous roof
ventilators
Remains under construction
Prob associated with item 54
May be used as a messhall;
dimensions overall
In an area of continuing
construction activity
In an area of continuing
construction activity
Width & length dimensions
overall
Items 61 and 62 located adjacent
to large coal pile; apparently uses
oil as back up fuel
Remains in early stage of
construction
Overall dimensions do not include
sheds at NW corner of bldg; SW
portion of bldg complete Jun 64
Length & width overall
Dimensions overall
Apparently used for materials
storage; all structures located
close to the main rail spur and
prob served by main transloading
building, item 85
Prob controls shipping/receiving activity
Rail spur runs through this structure;
dimensions aprx due to poor
interpretability
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TOP SECRET CHESS RUFF
The most significant change was additional roof cover added
to the checkout/assembly building (item 10) which was
increased by 12,250 square feet. This building is similar
in size to the main assembly checkout building supporting
Test Stand 1 at the Omsk Rocket Engine Test Facility and
is also comparable in size with the assembly/checkout
buildings at the Kurumoch, Krasnoyarsk, Perm and Voronezh
Rocket Engine Test Facilities. 4/ Since Plant 301 produced
and tested engines for the V-301 surface-to-air missile,
it follows that its main assembly/checkout building would
be similar to those found at other facilities primarily
engaged in missile production and acceptance test programs.
No signs of recent test activity were observed at Test
Stand 1 during this time period.
1965 -September 1967
The most significant construction during this period was
the completion of a possible small rocket engine altitude
simulation test facility (items 45 and 46, Figure 5) and its
associated cooling pond/dump pit (item 47). In addition, 2
pipelines were constructed connecting Test Stand 1 to a
large semiburied tank (item 44) located adjacent to the
possible altitude simulation test facility. Roof cover
during this time was increased by 25,662 square feet to a
present total of 133,184 square feet. No signs of recent
test activity were observed at Test Stand 1.
DESCRIPTIONS OF SELECTED STRUCTURES
Although Table 1 provides an interpretation of the
function of each significant structure at the test facility,
the following items are of sufficient importance to warrant
a more detailed discussion.
Test Stand 1
Although Test Stand 1, shown as an artist's conception
in Figure 6, was reportedly complete by 1956, its operational
status was undetermined. 1/It appeared in 1956 to be similar
to Test Stand 1 at Khimki Plant 456, but this cannot be
substantiated on existing photography which shows them to
be somewhat dissimilar at present. The stand appeared
complete when first observed on ground photography in
April 1960 (Figure 7). No apparent changes have taken
place since that time. The superstructure is
and 85 feet high. It rises from a rectangular base that is
approximately 70 at ground level. The blast pit
is a minimum of 13 feet wide under the superstructure and
expands to a maximum of 40 feet. The paved portion of the
blast deflector extends from the superstructure.
Large-diameter pipelines were constructed from the stand
to a large semiburied tank (item 44). The function of this
system is not clear at this time; the system could be used
for propellant disposal or possibly as a water supply for
blast deflector cooling. In any event, it is apparently a
modification of the original stand used to test the V-301
engine.
Possible Small Rocket Engine Altitude
Simulation Test Facility
Located at the northeast edge of the Test Area is a
unique facility. It consists of 2 buildings (items 45 and 46)
with a stack adjacent to the second building (item 46). A
large cooling pond/dump pit is associated with both items.
A set of vented earth-mounded tanks are collocated with
these structures. Although this facility is not analogous to
other known test facilities in the Soviet Union, it does appear
physically similar to an altitude simulation stand located at
the NASA engine acceptance test facilities, Leuhman Ridge,
Edwards Air Force Base, California. This stand is rated at
25,000 pounds of thrust. It is interesting to note that a large
catch tank is connected to the Edwards stand by a large-
diameter pipeline similar to the situation in existence at
Khimki Plant 301 Test Area. A facility of this type may be
used for testing small, upper-stage engines in an altitude
simulation environment (simulating the degree of vacuum
encountered in the upper atmosphere and outer space). An
artist's conception of the facility is presented in Figure 8.
-8-
TOP SECRET CHESS RUFF
TCS-20147/68
PLANT 301 PLANT AREA
The Plant Area of the Moskva Guided Missile Research
and Development Plant 301 (Figure 9) was present on
photography of September 1944 (see Figure 3).
Considerable additional expansion took place during
the 1950's with several large assembly/fabricationbuildings
being rebuilt and added to. Numerous support, shop, and
material storage buildings have been completed since 1961
when the plant was first observed on KEYHOLE photography.
Table 2, keyed to a layout drawing of the Plant Area shown
in Figure 10, summarizes the available data from 25 photog-
raphic missions that have covered the facility in the time
period beginning in July 1961 and ending in September 1967.
A critical appraisal of all photography covering the center
has resulted in interpretations of functions of most struc-
tures; mensural data of all key buildings as well as their
chronological development is included.
Since very little construction has taken place during
the past 3 years, it may be assumed that the Plant Area of
Khimki Plant 301 is close to completion. At present it
includes
The following table shows the rate of expansion in the
Plant Area as indicated by the square footage of roof cover
added during successive periods since September 1944.
Square footage of roof cover for each time period includes
roof cover of structures razed and, in some cases, replaced.
Date
Present, September 1944
Added, September 1944 - November 1962
Added, November 1962 - June 1964
Added, June 1964 - September 1967
The Plant Area is road and rail served and is secured
by a single fence system. The area contains its own heating
plant (items 61 and 62, Figure 10) and probably receives its
electrical power through the large electric substation serving
Khimki Plant 293. The large main assembly building
(item 15) and its numerous support, shop, and subassembly
buildings give this plant ample space to produce liquid
propellant rocket engines as well as associated tankage.
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REFERENCES (Continued)
GROUND PHOTOGRAPHY
Air Attache, Moskva. Photo enclosure to IR 9010045, 24 Mar 66 (SECRET)
MAPS OR CHARTS
SAC. US Air Target Chart, Series 200, Sheet 0167-5
DOCUMENTS
1. CIA. CIA/SI 81/59 (SIRA No 65), Special Design Bureau and Experimental Factory for Missile Engine Development, Moskva/Khimki, 2 Oct 59
(SECRET)
2. CIA. CS-G-3/363,592, Joint Interrogation of k REG Sources on Missile Designations and Configurations, 18 Sep 58 (SECRET)
3. CIA. ATIC Vol VII No 22, Card No 009151, Firm No 7012182, 30 May 58 (SECRET)
4. NPIC Comparison of Large Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine Test Facilities in the USSR, Feb 67 (TOP SECRET CHESS RUFF)
REQUIREMENT
CIA. C-DI5-82,973
NPIC PROJECT
TOP SECRET CHESS RUFF
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