NORTH VIETNAM - SOUTH CHINA ROAD STUDY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP02T06408R001200010027-8
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 42
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 26, 2003
• Sequence Number: 27
• Content Type: REPORT

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NORTH VIETNAM - SOUTH CHINA ROAD STUDY
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PIR 75057
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INTRODUCTION
This report provides an update of the status of roads in the. South China
North Vietnam border area. The study was made from various Trojan
Horse, Blue Springs, and'. 'photographic missions dated from
The area of the study is delimited in the following mariner (Figure 1):
Northern boundary: The road leading from Kun-ming (25 02N - 102 )42E)
through Pai-se (23 54N - 106 37E) and Nan-fling (22 48N - 106 18E), to
Ch'in-hsien (21 58N - 108 36E).
Eastern boundary: The coastal area. from Ch'in-hsien, China to
Haiphong, North Vietnam (20 51N - 106 41E) along the Gulf of Tonkin.
Southern boundary: A line from Haiphong to Kep (21 24N - 106 17E);
Route 13A from Kep, through Thai Nguyen (21 35N - 105 49E), and Yen Bai
(21 42N - 10)4 53E) to its intersection with Route 6 (21 07N - 10)4 10E);
Route 6 westward to Route 19 at Tuan Giao (21 35N - 103 25E); Route 19
to Dien Bien Phu (21 22N - 103 01E); Dien Bien Phu to the North Vietnam -
Laos and Laos - China border to 102 00E.
Western boundary: The Laos - China border at 102 00E north to 25 CON -
102 00E.
The procedure used in this report was to examine recent
1 'photographic coverage of the entire area (shaded portion,
Figure 3b). The results obtained from this coverage were then com ared to
those obtained from photographic coverage from land.
over the North Vietnamese portion of the study area, (shaded
portion, ngure 3a). Areas which are not shaded but are within the study
area. on Figure 3 are those for which there was a. lack of photographic coverage.
25X1 Following the examination of these two phases of coverage, various
25X1 systems of low-level (i.e., I ITrojan Horse, Blue Springs and' 1
25X1 as well as I Isa.tellite photography were used to ascertain classification
for roads and levels of construction activity in both China and North
Vietnam. The areas covered by this photography were scattered and are in-
dicated by classification and construction annotations on Figures 5 through 26.
Four road classifications based on width and surfacing were used:
1. TLI (two lane improved; gravel, stone, or lateritic surface
15' or greater in width).
2. SLI (single lane improved; gravel, stone, or lateritic surface
8' to 15' in width).
3. SLU (single lane unimproved; soft surfaced and 10' or less in
width).
4. VT (vehicle tracks).
For the purpose of this report, the North Vietnamese portion of the
study area has been divided into three segments: the Northwest, Red River
Valley area, and the Northeast (see Figure 2).
NORTHWEST NORTH VIETNAM (NF 48-5, 6, 9, 10)
NEW ROAD CONSTRUCTION
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PAGE 1
Two new roads are under construction in this area. Route 191, previously
observed as a trail, is undergoing active construction from its junction with
Route 4 at 21 58N - 103 09E, south of Lai Chau (22 04N - 103 10E), southward
toward Dien Bien Phu (21 23N - 103 01E) for a distance of approximately 31 nm.
Latest photography shows no corresponding construction activity leading north
from Dien Bien Phu.
A new road is under active construction south of Phong Tho (22 3IN - 103 21E)
for a. distance of approximately 8 nm along the proposed alignment of Route 132.
This new construction terminates at a point approximately 1 nm west of Soui Tao
(22 25N - 103 26E).
ROAD IMPROVENENT
Route 4 is undergoing extensive improvement in two sectors of the northwest.
The first area is an 8 nm segment between Lai Chau and the new road construction
activity on Route 191 to the south. Route 4 is also being extensively improved
in the mountainous region to the east of Long Pan (22 19N - 103 39E) for a.
distance of about 13 nm to the town of Sang Ta Van (22 20N - 103 51E), (Photo No. 1*).
The existing portion of Route 132 is undergoing extensive improvement from
Long Pan westward for 15 nm.
Route 6 is being improved north of Lai Chau for a distance of about 10 nm.
This improvement includes road widening and new bridge construction. An example
of North Vietnamese bridge reconstruction efforts in this area as a result of
recent U.S. air strikes is illustrated in Photo No. 2.
Route 604 is under construction from its intersection with Route 6 at
22 27N - 103 12E eastward to Phong Tho, a. distance of 13 nm.
SUMMARY
Completion of the present construction activity will notably strengthen
the area's weak road network and greatly facilitate the movement of goods from
Communist China into North Vietnam.
* Photo numbers agree with annotated red numbers on Figures 5 through 26,
except for Photos Nos. 1 and 9 which have their own index maps.
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RED RIVER VALLEY AREA (CHINA - NORTH VIETNAM) (NF 48-1, 2, 6, 10)
NEW ROADS AND NEW ROAD CONSTRUCTION
There is a. new two lane improved road leading from Lao Cal, North Vietnam
(22 30N - 103 58E) northward toward Meng-tzu, China. (23 22N - 103 2)4E). The
new road extends along the northeast bank of the Red River for a distance Of
about 34 nm. At this point, the new road turns northeast and extends for a
distance of 8 nm to 23 00N - 103 39E. This segment of the road is under active
construction and does not yet appear to be serviceable. North of this point, an
existing road is being improved for a. distance of 21.5 nm northward to the town
of A-san-chal, China (23 16N - 103 27E).
A new road is under construction for a. distance of approximately 9 nm along
the proposed alignment of Route 408 from 22 30N - 104 16E to 22 37N - 104 21E.
In addition, a new road is also being constructed from the intersections of
Routes 4 and 408 at 22 23N - 104 14E southeastward to Lang Pho Rang, North Vietnam
(2214N - 10)4 29E). This road extends for a. distance of 16 nm and is in the
late stages of construction.
Route 160, paralleling the Red River Valley about 7 nm
Lang Khien, North Vietnam (22 05N - 104 41E) south to Route
104 58E, is in the late stages of construction. The length
is about 25 nm.
to the east from
13A at 21 45N -
of this new road
Route 159, on the northeast bank of the Red River, has been extended from
its previous serviceable limit at Lang Gat, North Vietnam (21 50N - 10)4 46E)
northward to the vicinity of Trai Hut, North Vietnam (21 58N - 104 35E), a
distance of about 14 nm. Just across the river from Trad Hut, a. new road is
in the early stages of construction for a. distance of 8 nm northward to Lang
Lau, North Vietnam (22 03N - 104 29E).
ROAD IMPROVEMENT
Route 411 is undergoing ilprovement from a. point 2 nm east of Lao Cal,
North Vietnam where it intersects with Route 4 at 22 OON - 104 02E, northward
to Lu-chlad-ch'ung, China. (22 57N - 104 21E), a distance of 40 nm.
. Route 412, along the southwest bank of the Red River across from Lao Cal
is undergoing improvement between the towns of Chu Bac, North Vietnam (22 28N
103 59E) and immediately west of Ba Xat, North Vietnam (22 34N - 103 49E),
a. distance of approximately 12 nm. Beyond this point, the road is being
extended for an additional 5 nm to 22 3IN - 103 47E.
Route 4 is being improved from a point 2.5 nm east of Lao Cal (22 3IN -
104 01E) southeastward to its intersection with Route 408 at 22 23N - 104 14E,
a. distance of approximately 15 nm.
Route 157 is undergoing improvement from the town of Lang Pho Rang, North
Vietnam (22 14N - 104 29E) southeastward to Lang Coc, North Vietnam (22 liN - 104 3)4E),
a distance of 6.5 nm.
PIR 75057
PAGE 2
An unnumbered route is being improved from a. narrow cart path to a. road
from Route 157 at 22 06N - 104 45E northeastward for a. distance of 14 nm,
where it intersects with Route 2 at Vinh Thy (22 16N - 104 54E).
SUMMARY
The Red River Valley area. of China. and North Vietnam is the area of
heaviest road construction activity at the present time.
The major effort appears to be directed toward providing alternate
vehicular routes between South China. and Hanoi. The North Vietnamese are at
present heavily dependent on the rail line that links Hanoi with Kun-ming.
NORTHEAST (NF 48-2, 3, 6, 7, 8, II, 12)
NEW ROADS AND NEW ROAD CONS1RUCTION
Route 2 has been extended from Ha Giang, North Vietnam (22 49N - 104 59E)
18 nm northwestward to a point near Ma-li-po, China. (23 071 - 104 43E). An
existing narrow Chinese road was improved and, in part, by-passed.
A new bridge and a. short road segment have been constructed between Route 3
at 22 4IN - 106 15E and an unnumbered route about 2 nm northwest of Cao Bang
(22 40N - 106 15E).
Route 164 has undergone some new road construction as well as improvements
between its intersection with Route 198 at 22 12N - 105 19E and Bac Kan, North
Vietnam (22 08N - 105 50E). In addition, a new road has been constructed in a
southerly direction from Route 164 at 22 06N - 105 1(E for a. distance of 5 nm.
A lack of photographic coverage precludes the determination of the southern
limit of this new road.
ROAD IMPROVEMENT
Approximately 12 nm of Route 3A between Cab Bang, North Vietnam and Route
at 22 23W - 105 54E has been improved in the past two years.
Routes 3, 173, and 172, located north and northeast of Cao Bang have all
undergone limited improvement in recent months.
Route lA is undergoing major road improvement construction from 21 3114 -
106 37E northeast to Lang Son, North Vietnam (21 51N - 104 46E) ,.a distance of
15 nm. In addition, a new 1 nm long by-pass road has been constructed at Lang
Son along the north bank of the Song Mb Pia (River).
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An 8 nm segment of Route 4, from Lang Son to Dong Deng, North Vietnam
(21 57N - 106 42E), is undergoing rather extensive road improvement. In
addition, a 5 nm segment of this road southeast of Lang Son has undergone rather
extensive improvement.
Route 403, extending east from Lang Son for a. distance of 12 nm, has
undergone improvement in recent months. Presently, this road terminates at
21 54N - 106 59E. A probable construction camp is located along this road
approximately 2 nm from Lang Son (Photo No. 10).
The road leading from Dong Dang northward across the Chinese border to
Ping-hsiang, China. (22 06N - 106 45E) is undergoing extensive improvement
and realignment. Additional road construction and improvement was noted in
the Ping-hsiang area (Figure 19). Numerous pieces of construction equipment
and several work camps were observed along the road between Dong DanE and
Ping-hsiang.
SUMMARY
Road improvement activity observed within the study area appears to be
concentrated in the northeast. Most of this improvement involves widening
roads and bridges to two lanes as well as reducing some grades. The improved
road leading from Ping-hsiang, China into North Vietnam will greatly supplement
the existing rail line in the flow of goods between the two countries.
SUMMARY
The major effort during the past two years has been to improve existing
highway connections with Communist China, This has been, and is being accomplished
by the construction of new roads and the improvement of existing roads between
the two countries. In addition, there has been some improvement of the lateral
road network in the North Vietnamese portion of the study area. The distribution
and extent of impact of this activity on the 3 North Vietnamese areas previously
discussed within the study area is shown on Table 1.
It is evident that the greatest percentage of construction activity has
occurred, and is occurring in the Red River Valley. Percentagewise, it is
four times greater than either the northwest or northeast. However, the greatest
total mileage of construction activity has taken place in the northeast, primarily
in terms of road improvement. About one-fourth of roads in the North Vietnamese
part of the study have been affected by some sort of construction activity within
the reporting period.
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NEW AND IMPROVED ROADS AND ROADS UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN
TERMS OF MILES AND PERCENTAGE RELATIVE TO THE SYSTEM MILEAGE
TOTAL
NEW ROADS AND
IMPROVED AND
ROADS UNDER
TOTAL NEW AND
AREA
ROAD SYSTEM
NEW ROADS U/C
IMPROVEMENT
IMPROVED ROADS
Northwest
658 (100.0%)
22 (3.3%)
61 (9.1%)
83 (12.4%)
Red River
433 (100.0%)
91 (21.0%)
80 (18.5%)
171 (39.5%)
Valley
Northeast
1351 (loo.o%)
79 (5.8%)
198 (14.6%)
277 (20.4%)
Total NVN
2442 (loo.o%)
192 (7.9%)
339 (13.8%)
531 (21.7%)
Study Area
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Quang In
SOUTH
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NEW AND IMPROVED ROADS AND ROADS UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN
TERMS OF MILES AND PERCENTAGE RELATIVE TO THE SYSTEM MILEAGE
TOTAL
NEW ROADS AND
IMPROVED AND
ROADS UNDER
TOTAL NEW AND
AREA
ROAD SYSTEM
NEW ROADS U/C
IMPROVEMENT
IMPROVED ROADS
Northwest
658 (100.0%)
22 (3.3%)
61 (9.1%)
83 (12.4%)
Red River
433 (100.0%)
91 (21.0%)
80 (18.5%)
171 (39.5%)
Valley
Northeast
1351 (loo.o%)
79 (5.8%)
198 (14.6%)
277 (20.4%)
Total NVN
2442 (loo.o%)
192 (7.9%)
339 (13.8%)
531 (21.7%)
Study Area
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