NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER THE YEARS OF PROJECT HTAUTOMAT, 1956 - 1958 VOLUME III

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: NGA Records (Formerly NIMA)
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP04T00184R000400030001-9
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 115
• Document Creation Date: December 28, 2016
• Document Release Date: July 9, 2012
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: December 1, 1974
• Content Type: REPORT

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Secret
CIA Internal Use Only
Access Controlled by
CIA History
Staff and DD/S&T
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
THE YEARS OF PROJECT HTAUTOMAT, 1956 - 1958
VOLUME III
by
Secret
NPIC 3
December 1974
Copy 1 of 2
PERMANENT HISTORICAL DOCUMENT
DO NOT DESTROY
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Access Controlled by CIA History Staff.and DD/S&T
NATIONAL PHOTOGRAPHIC INTERPRETATION CENTER
THE YEARS OF PROJECT HTAUTOMAT, 1956 - 1958
VOLUME III
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by
Copies:
#1 - CIA-HS-
#2 -- DD/S&T
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Contents
Volume I
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Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1. The First Looks Behind the Iron Curtain. . . . . 1
A. The Anatomy of HTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. Office of the Chief. . . . ? . . . .. . . 4
2. Special Projects Branch. . . . . . . . . 4
3. Industrial and Geographic Branches . . . 6
4. Technical Intelligence Branch. .'. . . . 8
5. Support Staff . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
6. Administrative Staff . . . . . . . . . . 12
7. Statistical Branch, OCR. . . . . . . . . 12
8. Military Liaison Components. . . . . . . 14
9. Central Branch . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
B. The First Eight Missions Dominate Events of
July and August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1. The Eight Missions and Their Objectives. 20
2. Immediate Exploitation of the First
Eight Missions. . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3. Detailed Exploitation During July
and August.195 6 . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
4. Technical Support. . . . . . . . . . . . 27
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Page.
5. Support Activities 29
6. OCR Statistical Branch Charges
Forward . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
7. Walker's Task Force: Headquarters
Outpost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
8. Return from Europe . . . . . . . . . . 35
II. The Middle East Crisis . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
A. U-2s Assume a Tactical Role. . . . . . . . 45.
B. HTA and the PARAMOUNT Committee. . . . . . 47
C. Functioning of the PARAMOUNT Committee . . 54
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E. HTA Continues Work on the First Eight
Missions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
F. A Stirring Giant . . . . . . . . . . . 60
G. PI Training. . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
H. Looking Back . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
III. Back on Course . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
.. . . . . . . . . 74 25X1
is
B. Organizational Incongruity . . . . . . . . 75
C. Briefing-Aid Books . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
D. Soviet Long-Range Airfields. . . . . . . . 80
E. Mozhaysk . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
F. Testing. . . Testing . . . . . . . . . . . 100
G. Signs of Drought . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105
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Page
IV. Reorganization and Renewal . . . . . . . . . . 109
A. Training and orientation . . . . . . . . . 110
B. Training and Orientation Offered by HTA. . 121
C. New Tools for Eager Hands. . . . . . . . . 122
D. Familiar Tasks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
E. Reorganization and Reassignment. . . . . . 148
V. On to Greater Accomplishments. . . . . . . . . 159
A. First Aerial Coverage of Russian
Scientific and Technical Installations. . 159
B. Rejuvenation and Resumption of
Discoveries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162
1. Changing Faces and Responsibilities. . 163
2. New Discoveries Dominate Work at HTA . 166
C. Other Mouths to Feed . 171
D. New Administrative Procedures. . . . . . . 178
E. Specter of a Job Freeze. . . . . . . . . . 182
Volume II
VI. JAM SESSION Steals the Show. ... . . . . . . . 184
A. Establishment of JAM SESSION . . . . . . . 184
B. The Tomsk Atomic Energy Installation . . . 189
C. GMIC Targets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203
1. The Tyura Tam Missile Test Center and
Test Range . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 208
2. The Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center
and Test Range. . . . . . . . . . . . 217
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A.
Page
3. Good-Bye to GMIC Consultants . . . . . 240
D. Show and Tell. . . 242
E. Other PI Exploitation and Reporting. . . . 251
F. Making Equipment Function Better and
Getting Better Equipment. . . . . . . . . . 258
G. The HTAUTOMAT Organization Reacts to JAM
SESSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271
VII. Winds of Change . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285
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309
D. Not by JAM SESSION Alone . . . . . . . . . 320
E. How to Proceed With the Publication
of Reports . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327
F. Carpenters, Plumbers, and New Equipment. . 334
G. People and Hierarchies . . . . . ... . . . 340
Volume III.
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VIII. HTAUTOMAT Becomes the Photographic
Intelligence Center . . . . . . . . . . . . . 355
A. The Last Months of JAM SESSION . . . . . . 355
1. COMINT Comes to MSB. 356
2. A Bear by the Tail . . . . . . . . . . 357
3. The Show Goes On . . . . . . . . . . . 366
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Page
4. A General on His Knees and PI Keys . . 376
B. Keeping Busy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 418
C. Operating Procedures for HTA -- and PIC. . 427
D. Automated Mensuration -- With Bugs . . . . 438
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F. A Center at Last . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449
Appendices
A. Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 457
B. Chronology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
C. Source References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 482
Volume IV
Figures, No. 1 through No. 39
Volume V
Figures, No. 40 through No. 86
Volume VI
Figures, No. 87 through No. 129
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VIII. HTAUTOMAT Becomes the Photographic
Intelligence Center
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The period of waiting between submission of the
proposal to create a CIA Photographic Intelligence Center
and announcement of the decision to do so stretched out
over several months. In a dynamic organization such as
HTA, with a highly salable product, there was, however,
little danger of just marking time. Though only one
mission was flown over the USSR, and that in-the Far East
on 1 March, the Indonesian affair was warming up, and by
summer there would be a new crisis in the Middle East.
Moreover, JAM SESSION was not yet ended. Installations
still awaiting joint action by PIs, intelligence analysts,
and consultants, though in no respect as important as
those studied earlier, guaranteed that there would be
one last fling with the outside experts.
A. The Last Months of JAM SESSION
During the spring of 1958, work related to Project
JAM SESSION consisted not only of preparations for the
final consultant meetings, which would deal with Soviet
heavy water and uranium mining and milling facilities,
but also of a broad range of activities intended to
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consolidate the gains stemming from the earlier consul-
tant meetings. Among the latter were efforts to pub-
lish PI reports on the two Soviet guided missile test
centers, provide PI keys to guide HTA interpreters dealing
with high-priority scientific and technical installations,
familiarize more Military-Scientific Branch PIs with
domestic counterparts of Soviet installations in whose
interpretation they would be engaged, and obtain approval
for use of COMINT in the MSB work area on the seventh
floor of the Steuart Building.
1. COMINT Comes to MSB
After months of planning and negotiations, in
March 1958 the Military-Scientific Branch was granted
permission to have and use COMINT documents along with
other collateral documents and photography. 411/ Though
the MSB work area was vaulted, like most others in the
Steuart Building, this permission was contingent on the
installation of a lock-and buzzer system for positive con-
trol of entry to the vault even during normal working
hours. The singling out of MSB for exceptional treatment
at this time was a direct result of the special need for
COMINT information demonstrated during the previous fall
in the exploitation of JAM SESSION installations. It was
of immediate and particular usefulness in the preparation
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of materials for the remaining JAM SESSION consulta-
tions as well as work done on manuscripts for the PI re-
ports on the Kapustin Yar and Tyura Tam Missile Test
Centers.
2. A Bear by the Tail
chief, MSB, had been designated the
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of the Army, his deputy. For the Tyura Tam Missile Test
on the Kapustin Yar Missile Test Center and
chairman of the JAM SESSION photo interpretation effort
Center the positions were reversed, with
to prepare the PI report on Tyura Tam and the 25X1
staggering job on KY. The joint effort, in both cases,
was being carried on, as in all similar reporting, in
the space devoted to such work in the MSB area. Moreover,
it was then the custom of MSB regardless of the organiza-
tional affiliation of the chairman of joint projects, to
assume responsibility for monitoring production of
graphics, for typing the manuscript, for ordering photog-
raphy, and all such mechanical details. 413/ Thus, the
March and April 1958 MSB monthly reports made the optimis-
tic observation that manuscripts for reports on both the
serving
as his deputy. 412/ Thus, as
the publications effort got under way in the spring of
1958, was presumptively in charge of the effort
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KY and TT installations were in the final stages of
preparation for publication. 414/ Before long, it must
have become apparent that, in the KY manuscript, MSB had
a real turkey on its hands. During May, 0 wrote a
memo addressed jointly to
completing it by 31 May. He added that he and
would review the manuscript in detail, with a view to
the many parts of the KY report," and how he,
who by then had
accepted the dubious honor of also chairing the KY pro-
ject),~ and the "Editorial Staff," outlining how
MSB photo interpreters would continue to "pull together
together would then examine the manuscript in detail to
assure that it was completely acceptable to before
forwarding it to the Editorial Staff, hopefully by
15 June. 415/
That these implied promises of early publication were
premature was suggested by a lack of information on the
same subject in subsequent MSB monthly reports. In
reality, both manuscripts were casualties of attempts to
ramrod materials not yet in finished form through to
publication. These were also days when MSB was vigorously
pursuing the concept that the most expeditious procedure
for publishing reports was to limit the editors to a copy
edit of text prepared by the PIs, and to foreclose
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possibility of more than very minor editorial changes
on illustrations prepared in the graphics shop. Indeed,
ordered that the graphics for both reports be 25X1
shot in final form in the lab prior to submission of
text to editors, and in at least one instance delivered
the graphics to the lab himself.
Even who was earnestly attempting to get 25X1
agreement on procedures for the handling of HTA projects,
got into the act. One day in March, he appeared unex-
pectedly in the room occupied by the two editors, 25X1
In his hands was a very large 25X1
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peared to chair it. Obviously, he was expecting strong
support from who was de facto head of the editorial
shop and already the object of much criticism by MSB
personnel as well as leaders in the graphics shop. To
In due course the meeting was called and ap- 25X1
envelope containing a jumble of graphics and text for the
projected Tyura Tam report. He announced that he would
soon call a meeting of MSB and graphics representatives
plus the editors. Interestingly, the nominal
chairman was not included. stated that he had
perused the manuscript and believed it was not fit to
edit. He requested that the editors examine it and be
prepared to offer testimony at the meeting. Then he left.
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the surprise of
and probably the MSB and graphics
representatives as well, refused to endorse
appraisal of the manuscript. On the contrary, he
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adopted the position that anything sent to the editors
was, ipso facto, fit to edit.
This unexpected assertion, from which refused
to deviate during the course of an extremely unproductive
discussion, gave him the conscious satisfaction of ad-
hering to his principles under considerable pressure.
Predictably, it won him no friends. To MSB supervisors,
it was clear that was, in effect, telling them
that he was prepared to "worry through" the manuscript,
aided by periodic consultations with the PIs, and that
supervisors would not be encouraged to transgress on the
confidences exchanged between an editor and his clients.
To graphics representatives, it was evident that questions
involving graphics would be settled in the bilateral
negotiations between editor and photo interpreter, thus
denying graphics personnel an active role in the final
review of the manuscript. One could only speculate on the
thoughts that coursed through mind as he found him-
self out on a limb in his attempt to establish more ef-
fective procedures for assigning responsibilities in the
processing of manuscripts for HTA reports. It would not
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be unrealistic to assume they were unprintable. In
there were joined an unusually happy faculty for the
evocation of vivid mental pictures and an exceedingly
colorful vocabulary for describing them.*
The TT manuscript came to life again in June 1958
when the deputy in the
graphics shop, appeared at the entrance of the room oc-
cupied by the editors. In a conversation that began in
a cautious and diffident manner, they revealed the fact
that a new attempt to prepare the manuscript for publica-
tion was imminent. asserted that he was personally
taking charge of the effort and intended to rewrite the
entire text, preferably with the guidance and counsel of
an editor whom he would like assigned full time to the
project for at least several weeks. expressed
a strong desire to have the graphics shop assume the
tions problems by sitting down with representatives of the
editorial shop, the graphics shop, and MSB. Moreover, when
* It should be noted that this was not the only such meeting
chaired by 0 On a number of other occasions within the 25X1
next several months, would attempt to resolve publica- 25X1
first returned to the Steuart Building to function 25X1
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most important assignment was the solution of procedural
and other problems relating to the publication of HTA re-
ports. These negotiations were made difficult and progress
was slow because of the maneuvering for political advantage
of many of th articipants. For the record, it should be
noted that did not shrink from a task that he almost 25X1
certainly knew would be frustrating and, at time, humbling.
as a Special Assistant in the Office of the Chief, as the
transfer to HTA of Central Branch personnel approached, his
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responsibility for the preparation of the printed forms,
which would consist of fully integrated text and graphics
for the publication of a report in the new outsize
format measuring 14 by 18 inches.
In the course of an amiable, if not animated, dis-
cussion expressed a preference for a report con- 25X1
sisting of separate text and graphics, but left the
question open.
favored a fully integrated re- 25X1
port. The result of the exchange was the assignment of
to work with
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on the preparation and editing 25X1
of a new text whch was to be fully integrated with the
accompanying graphics. The text would be typed on the
Justowriter, which was still situated in the editorial
shop on the fifth floor, but would be composed in the
graphics shop on the sixth floor. Specifications for
reproduction would be prepared in the graphics shop.
Though there were as yet no firm guidelines issued
for the preparation and publication of joint photographic
intelligence reports in HTA, these ad hoc decisions
provided a modus vivendi with which all participants could
live. Though control of the project by MSB was substan-
tially precluded as a result of assumption of full
responsibility as project chairman, his substantive
decisions in the preparation of the manuscript would have
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to survive the scrutiny of MSB photo interpreters at the
time of sign off. For the editors, it placed one of
their kind in a key position in the effort to prepare a
new text. Though the arrangement fell short of affording
the full measure of control envisaged by graphics super-
visors in decisions involving the selection and planning
of illustrations,_ exceptional grasp of the sub-
of the undertaking was directed by
ject and how he wanted it presented, permitted them to
use their expertise and imagination in developing his
concepts and preparing them for the reader. This phase
This complete reworking of the Tyura Tam manuscript
continued into August 1958. The result, published a
month later, was a CIA/PIC showpiece comprising 51 pages
of text and illustrations, the latter consisting of all
types and sizes of graphics. Quite apart from the physi-
cal and substantive characteristics of the report, the
procedures used and the energy and cooperation displayed
in completing the job served, at least in some degree,
as an object lesson in one way to produce an HTA photo
intelligence report, particularly a large and complex one.
On the credit side of the ledger was, first of all,
the dramatic demonstration of the advantage of having the
total concept of the report as well as its substantive
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content under the firm direction of a highly competent
photo interpreter. Such a situation energized the
specialized talents of support personnel without providing
a leadership vacuum into which all participants could
rush to acquire the largest possible piece of the action.
Less obviously on the credit side of the ledger was the
carefully composed graphics and text, with the latter in
columns justified on both the right- and left-hand mar-
gins. That such a physically attractive report served to
excite favorable comment and reflect credit on the rapidly
developing capability of a young organization fighting
for its place in the sun cannot be doubted. From the
beginning, however, many of those not emotionally in-
volved in defending the course of development being set
and advocated by the chief of the graphics shop and his
deputy, doubted the wisdom of investing the manpower and
machines needed to add the cosmetics. This question was
to be a perennial one and reappears at frequent intervals
in the future history of NPIC.
More obviously on the debit side of the ledger was
the use of an editor in the preparation of the manuscript.
Unless it proved to be an exception, the full-time services
of an editor for such a prolonged period as well as his
almost total involvement in the preparation of the
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manuscript was difficult to justify. Not only did it
virtually double the manpower needed to write the text
but it also precluded the editor examining the completed
manuscript with the detached view of an uninvolved critic.
On the other hand, in this role the editor was able to
offer valuable guidance and assistance in the preparation
of the manuscript at a time when procedures were vague
and no style manual for HTA publications was yet avail-
able.* Moreover, it should be noted that such use of an
editor effectively neutralized what was regarded, rightly
or wrongly, by many -- but by no means all -- HTA photo
interpreters as one of the most difficult obstacles in
the publications process.
* As early as the summer of 1957 when editorial responsi-
bilities and judgments first became controversi Oryi
had directed to prepare a style manual. 25X1
the senior editor, was on an extended vacation on the West
Coast but returned in time to review the first draft be-
fore it was passed on to for review and coordination 25X1
and comments from the branc es. In those days, before the
advent of the Xerox machine, no duplicate was made, and
the sole copy mysteriously disappeared while in the pro-
cess of coordination. It reappeared just as inexplicably
nearly six months later when MSB was moving from the sixth
to the seventh floor of Steuart Building. By that time,
because of the rapidly evolving situation in HTA, the style
manual was hopelessly out of date. Besides, few, with the
exception of and the author, had any urgent desire to 25X1
see it published. avowed position was to keep 25X1
things as fluid as possible, a position shared by many in
the graphics shop and MSB, who, however, had different
objectives in mind.
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on TT would inevitably fail, particularly with
Progress on the Kapustin Yar manuscript was not
revived at this time. In all probability there was a tacit
recognition of the fact that any attempt to undertake the
much larger task on the KY report concurrently with work
two were decidedly out of the ordinary.
engaged full time on the TT manuscript. Moreover, it
would divert manpower from other tasks sufficient to
jeopardize the successful conclusion on ongoing activities.
3. The Show Goes On
While many photo interpreters and others in HTA
were struggling with the preparation of PI reports and
trying to develop workable procedures for producing them,
Lundahl continued his seemingly unending schedule of high
level briefings. Though many were reminiscent of the
round of presentations to top military and civilian of-
ficials in Washington during the previous fall and winter,
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B. Keeping Busy
Even in the Military-Scientific Branch, which had
enjoyed a steady diet of JAM SESSION work for months,
photo interpreters were not immune from more normal tasks.
One of the more exciting among these -- and a task far
more challenging than the humdrum activity in the Geo-
graphic Branch -- was the production of ODE's. Work on
these first-phase reports on Russian penetration missions
was always stimulating, since it offered an opportunity
to see new targets and, perhaps, to discover others, like
the Mozhaysk installation, whose existence was not even
suspected.
The Far East mission, flown on 1 March 1958, af-
forded just such an opportunity. It covered the heart of
the Soviet Far East, including cities and installations
along the Trans-Siberian Railroad and the area around
Sovetskaya Gavan, on the Gulf of Tartary. 446/
Most important and perplexing among discoveries
from this mission was an installation, subsequently known
as the Malaya Sazanka installation, located about 10 miles
southwest of Svobodnyy and similar to those in the vicinity
of Mozhaysk and Valday, in European Russia. As might be
expected, this discovery rekindled flagging interest in
the Mozhaysk problem. It did not, however, result in an
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immediate grandstand effort to publish a definitive
report. Not only HTA but also other elements in the
Agency and in the Intelligence Community were well aware
of the difficulty they faced and the risk of disappoint-
ment. Though analysis of the photography was undertaken
as soon as possible and the PI information made available
to the Community, the overall effort to solve the intelli-
gence problem was undertaken with caution and only after
much consultation and planning. Consequently, the major
portion of HTA work and the resulting detailed PI re-
port were not available in published form until long after
the end of the HTA period.
During the spring of 1958, ill effects suffered in
the Geographic Branch during the winter as a result of
the dearth of new requirements were substantially elimi-
nated. The change resulted primarily from a dramatic
increase in the amount of work for the Economic Research
Area of ORR. From 26% of the project time in March, the
comparable figure rose to 79% in May and held at 70% in
the following month. There was also a modest but signifi-
cant increase in the amount of time spent on DDP pro-
jects. 447/
Most of the increased work for DDP involved area
studies in the Balkan States, near Murmansk, and around
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Tyura Tam. In April, requirements for information on
installations reported in the Mission Coverage Summary
for the 1 March 1958 Far East mission gave a signifi-
cant boost to the amount of work undertaken for ORR, and
a search for possible deployed offensive missile sites in
the Soviet Bloc further augmented work done for the same
Office.
The requirement for the missile search, in which
OSI was also interested, was generated by concern over the
total absence of such information in the face of conclusive
evidence of medium- to long-range missile development at
the Kapustin Yar and Tyura Tam Missile Test Centers. The
assignment of this task to the Geographic Branch, in spite
of the fact that PI expertise in the interpretation of
missile targets rested exclusively in the Military-
Scientific Branch, was a reflection of the fact that PIs
in the latter branch were busy with higher priority work.
Ostensibly, GB photo interpreters,. upon discovering a
suspected missile site, would turn the evidence over to
the Military-Scientific Branch, where the information
would be examined, and if validated, published.
In due course, the search produced four sites sus-
pected by Geographic Branch photo interpreters to be
missile sites. The ones at Ventspils, USSR, and at
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Kolberg Deep and Bydgoszcz, Poland, were qualified as
possible guided missile sites; the one on the Hel Penin-
sula, Poland, was alleged to be a probable guided missile
site. 448/ The Geographic Branch, unmindful of the need
to pass such discoveries on to the Military-Scientific
Branch for validation, promptly prepared a brief on each
of the sites. Immediately following publication of the
briefs, which took place simultaneously, several intel-
ligence officers,
came to the
Steuart Building -- to MSB, whose photo interpreters
they assumed had prepared the briefs. When MSB inter-
preters told them that these were not guided missile
sites but old gun positions identifiable on World War II
German photography -- a source that PIs in the Geographic
Branch had inexplicably failed.to consult -- the visitors
were very upset and expressed concern about the failure,
of HTA to speak authoritatively and with one voice. This
was particularly true of the installation on the Hel
peninsula, which had been called a probable guided missile
site. Though swift and effective corrective action was
taken by HTA to prevent any repetition of the same mis-
take by PIs working on this particular project, the con-
tinued existence of the two separate and equal detailed
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reporting divisions left the door open to future inci-
dents of this type whenever there was overlap in their
exploitation tasks.
First to suffer from this competition with higher
priority projects in the Geographic Branch were the urban
studies. The March monthly report from the Branch noted
that work on the several urban studies was progressing
slowly; the April report said that it had been temporarily
suspended. 449/
There was one project concerning an urban area that
was not deferred, however. The same April monthly report
that a pilot study of Komsomolsk, which had been covered
by the 1 March 1958 Far East mission, was in preparation
for ORR. The purpose of the study was to determine the
extent to which answers to questions on targets assigned
to attaches could be obtained from TALENT system photog-
raphy. The study was requested but
were said to be quite in-
terested in the results, which could drastically alter
the 450/
The project, which was established on 28 April 1958,
was assigned #
of the Geographic Branch,
but involved close support from the Information Branch
of the OCR Statistical Division. Like most other projects
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in which Brugioni, chief of the Information Branch,
served as a catalyst, progress on this one proceeded
rapidly, and it was completed in exactly one week. 451/
The study, which examined the 39 requirements listed in
the Town Brief, demonstrated that at least 35 could be
answered better by the use of the existing TALENT photog-
raphy than by an attache or traveler. 452/
At Lundahl's suggestion,F--] conferred on
2 May 1958 with chief of the Geographic Research 25X1
Area, about city plan production. 453/ One result of this
conference was the assignment of of D/GC 25X1
to work in the Geographic Branch a few days each week on
city plans, with limited assistance from the PIs. 454/
This working arrangement continued through the summer.
Thus, the urban studies program, if it could be dignified
by such an appellation, became, at least as far as HTA
was concerned, merely an assist to an Agency cartographer
working on town plans.
The WAC overlay intelligence program* suffered a
similar fate. Work on this self-initiated project
essentially ended by April. 455/ In this case, however,
* See p. 324.
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the project was strictly one involving photo interpreters
and the product a gratuitous offering. When the pressure
of higher priority work increased to the point where no
time was left for this project, there was no other compe-
tent or interested party to step in and take over any
part of the program.
Elsewhere in HTA and at overseas photo interpretation
centers, HTA PIs became involved in two historic crises.
One was the revolt in Indonesia, the other the threat to
Lebanon by its Arab neighbors.
In the case of the Indonesian revolt, 29 U-2 missions
were flown from Cubi Point Naval Air Station in the Philip-
pine Islands between 29 March and 7 June 1958 to photo-
graph targets spread over the far-flung Indonesian home-
land. The purpose was to obtain timely information for
the US Government and, in particular, for the DDP, which
was providing operational support to the anti-Communist
rebels.
In late March, of
HTA were sent to Clark Air Force Base, in the Philippine
Islands, to help establish a photo interpretation
facility. was to serve as deputy commander for
intelligence and was to direct setting up of
the film processing equipment. 456/ Film from the first
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mission and all subsequent ones was processed and ex-
ploited at this facility, which was 30 minutes by air
by
nment, and
was later relieved
25X1
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from Cubi Point.
pleting his assig
who departed Washington, D.C., on
15 May for the Philippines. 457/
With the fall of the rebel capital at Bukittinggi,
in central Sumatra, on 4 May, the revolt was essentially
over, and the United States withdrew its support of the.
rebel cause. On 9 June 1958, two days after the last
U-2 mission was flown over Indonesia, the PI facility at
Clark AFB was closed. 458/ returned to HTA
nine days later. 459/
During late April and early May, when the revolt had
reached a critical stage following the landing of amphib-
ious forces by the Indonesian Government on the west
coast of Sumatra, crash support was provided at HTAUTOMAT
for the faltering operation. Between 21 and 29 April three
photo interpretation projects on Indonesian targets were
done by the small group under in the Operations Sup-
port Branch. In addition, HTA prepared a photo mosaic
of Djakarta. 460/
HTA photo interpretation support for the Lebanon
crisis was confined largely to the Following
widespread civil unrest in Lebanon during the late spring
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of 1958, the tempo of U-2 reconnaissance flights, which
had continued at a low level since the Suez Crisis
nearly two years earlier, was stepped up. In addition,
which had been on standby
was sent to the
nearly a year, was reactivated on 22 June 1958.
an HTA photo interpreter assigned
who had just returned from the Philippines, replaced him
facility as deputy commander for intelligence.
Both men were bachelors and willing to
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travel. In addition, by this tim had more ex-
perience in such assignments, including the difficult
task of starting up operations, than any other working-
level PI in HTA. Soon it became apparent that help was
needed supplanting
him as the deputy. 461/
The tempo of work and level of responsibility
reached a peak with the US troop intervention. On 15
and 16 July 1958, at the request of President Camille
Chamoun of Lebanon, 3,500 US Marines were landed on
beaches south of Beirut. 462/ More Marines and Army troops
25X1
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followed. scanned U-2 photography 25X1
covering airfields, military establishments and ports in
nearby Arab countries, particularly those receiving Soviet
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arms and equipment, for signs of possible armed inter-
vention. Activit continued into the fall,
but the complete withdrawal of US troops by late October
standby status and the return of
to Washington. 463/
was quickly followed by the reversion
C. Operating Procedures for HTA -- and PIC
The pangs of childbirth through which HTA was
passing in the spring and early summer of 1958 resulted
in a litter of procedural memorandums. As
the responsibilities of plant manager, he was obviously
impressed by the need for establishing agreed-upon pro-
cedures for accomplishing the tasks of exploitation and
reporting. The growing size of the organization and the
division of labor that had taken place since the advent
of HTA -- the handling of requirements and monitoring of
production by the Support Staff, the utilization of col-
lateral researchers, the development of a mensuration
capability apart from the PI branches, the acquisition
of editors, and the founding of a separate graphics shop
-- created little fiefdoms that had to be bent to the
task of getting out photo intelligence.
First to be issued, on 10 April 1958, were the
"Procedures Governing the Establishment, Assignment,
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Progress Reporting and Final Disposition of HTAUTOMAT
Projects." 464/ This paper was a significantly revised
and coordinated version of the draft submitted by the
Support Staff
a few months earlier. 465/ Most of 25X1
the objections raised by
in his 24 February 1958 25X1
memo to
ere resolved in
favor. Thus, 25X1 1
the procedures provided that the Support Staff would
consult with the appropriate branches in evaluating and
accepting requirements, that the requirements would be
assigned to the responsible PI branch prctly, and that
certain steps in the handling and assignment of require-
ments could be waived. It tacitly left to the branches
the ordering of TALENT System photography, the primary
source of information for HTA photo interpreters. This
memorandum, which emphasized the handling of require-
ments and projects as distinguished from the preparation
of reports, left for a later memo answers to the thorny
questions that prompted
to add his 14 suggested 25X1
steps for preparing manuscripts for PI reports. 466/
The decisions on the latter points were included
in the next memorandum, entitled "Procedures Governing
the Preparation and Publication of HTAUTOMAT Photographic
Intelligence Reports," issued near the end of May. 467/
This memo placed the responsibility for producing
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photographic intelligence squarely on the shoulders of
the PI branch chiefs, though it permitted the delegation
of exploitation work and the initiative in matters in-
volving coordination of support to the photo analyst
assigned to the project. It sorted out some of the
problems involved in the preparation of PI publications
by disposing in a summary manner of such relatively simple
and highly formatted publications as the ODE, the Brief,
the Mission Coverage Summary, and the Informal Report.
It then addressed in detail problems and procedures
involved in producing PI Memorandums, PI Reports, and
Special Reports. These were the ones likely to involve
use of much comparative photography, many collateral
documents, substantial demands for mensuration support,
numerous and complex graphics, considerable text, and
trying editorial problems.
The successful coordination of this memo was given
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a strong assist by the presence ofl who was re-
from the Central Branch, of which he had been
assigned
chief, to the office of the division chief, where, as
special assistant, he immediately began to work closely
with to bring the coordination of this and subsequent 25X1
procedural papers to a speedy and successful conclusion.
That conclusion incorporated many of the 14 steps advocated
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but it also provides support elements with 25X1
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a strong voice in the planning and shaping up of the
manuscript. For better or worse, it gave the graphics
shop a powerful hand in the selection of graphics and
in the layout of the report, but it involved the editors,
as well as graphics personnel, repeatedly in all phases
of reporting, from early planning to the final approval
of the printed forms. It also introduced a final step,
a coordinated examination of approval copies of the
printed publication before release for dissemination.
The procedures initially called for three approval copies,
one for the office of the chief, HTA, one for the office
of the chief of the originating branch, and one for the
Support Staff, which included the editors. It was not
long, however, before the Technical Intelligence Services
Branch, which included the graphics shop, was also re-
ceiving a copy. Each of the pertinent components, PI
branch, editorial section and graphics shop would examine
the approval copy for items of particular concern to it
and express approval or challenge dissemination of the
publication. The final decision as to whether to release
the publication or to revise it was.up to the office of
the chief, HTAUTOMAT.
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The result of the adoption of these procedures was
an improvement in the sense of direction and the harmony
displayed in the production of HTA-publications. Compared
with a more straightforward assignment of responsibilities
and an insistence on the satisfactory accomplishment of
the assigned tasks by supervisors in each component, the
price was fairly high. On paper, at least, the produc-
tion of HTA memorandums, reports, and special reports
thereby became a committee job. Fortunately, the pro-
cedural paper itself added a "note" authorizing arbitrary
departures from the specified procedures on the authority
of the chief of the PI branch assigned the project. This
escape clause provided a loophole that was used increas-
ingly to avoid excessive coordination on the simpler
projects. Even so, the committee approach still remained
the recommended one and required considerable effort to
follow the complexities of the system, particularly in
projects handled by photo interpreters unable to exert
firm control to bring the reporting phase of a project to
a successful conclusion.*
* In the wake o~ unsuccessful attempt to estab-
lish that the original Tyura Tam manuscript was not "fit
to edit," this procedural paper stated that the "Editorial
Section will promptly review all report texts and proof
prints to determine (footnote continued on following page)
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Though the aforementioned procedural memo ostensibly
established procedures for handling HTA publications, it
had no legal standing as a guide for the production of
joint PI publications, of which there was an increasing
number. As chief of the Military-Scientific Branch,
under whose auspices virtually all CIA work on joint
projects was accomplished, had a special concern 25X1
over the prospect of having to submit to the constraints
of the newly formulated rules for handling CIA projects
and preparing the resulting manuscripts while the pro-
duction of joint publications with the military was not
subject to comparable rules. concern was
amplified by the assumption of greater responsibility by
the military shops in the supervision of joint projects
reach some accommodation with those who were ultim&tely
going to have to approve changes in the manuscript anyway
than to face the disruptions in working relationships and
inevitable retaliations that would result from charges that
a manuscript was unfit to edit. The only workable solu-
tion to this problem was foreclosed by the failure of the
PI branch chiefs, primarily the chief, MSB, to take effec-
tive action to ensure that only manuscripts meeting reason-
able standards of acceptability for content and presenta-
tion be forwarded to the editors.
instinct or i entifying a major problem was excellent,
but his solution failed. It was obviously easier to
warded to he executive officer, HTAUTOMAT.
are considered warranted by the assigned editor," the
manuscript, accompanied by explanatory comments, be for-
(footnote continued from preceding page) suitability to
edit." It further required that, in cases where they
were not suitable to edit, "particularly if major changes
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for which their photo interpreters were named chairmen.
As himself summed up the problem in a 7 May 1958
memo to the attention of
"The whole thing boils
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down to my omnipresent bitch that if we have an HTA
organization functioning for the Agency, Army, Navy, Ops,
ARC, etc. -- with all concerned competing for the use of
HTA personnel and equipment, it is imperative that all
users function under the same rules, regulations, limi-
tations,procedures, priorities -- call it what you
may." 468/ Not only was
concerned about the
recently issued procedures for producing HTA publications,
he was particularly upset by the independent demands
levied by the military services on HTA support personnel
and facilities without due regard for their effect on the
amount of timeliness of service available for MSB projects.
The third procedural memorandum, issued by HTA on
3 June 1958, addressed itself to the problem of priorities
and doubtlessly sought, among other objectives, to re-
spond constructively to protest. 469/ It dele- 25X1
gated to the Suppprt Staff the authority to set the
priorities and specified the basis for determining them.
It further stated that all work done by HTAUTOMAT personnel
would be scheduled in compliance with the priorities.
The memo then set forth and defined four levels of
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priority, from Priority #1, which took precedence over
all other work, to Priority #4, which included non-
deadlined projects that were to be done only as time and
current workload permitted.
In a closing paragraph having a somewhat philosoph-
ical orientation, the procedural memo explained that the
priority system was not intended to put supervisors in
a straightjacket, rather it was to be used judiciously
in planning and directing work assignments. This re-
curring theme of exceptions with respect to the-procedures
that were being promulgated was variously interpreted
by those affected as either an appreciation of the
proposition that no rules would work without loopholes
or as evidence that management was not prepared to enforce
the rules in cases where supervisors might object strongly
to complying with them. In general, those who dealt
with the problem of priorities most successfully did so
by making every effort to meet deadlines that were in-
flexible, then trying to complete enough of the remaining
work in time to keep most of the customers happy, and
avoiding, insofar as possible, never getting the lowest
priority projects done.
Appropriately, the last procedural memorandums
related to joint requirements and the establishment of
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joint projects on the one hand, and procedures to be
followed by photo interpreters in preparing the resulting
joint reports on the other. These two memorandums, which
constituted an interdependent pair and were issued simul-
taneously on 15 July 1958, also anticipated establishment
of the CIA Photographic Intelligence Center. Both used
the name of the future organization and followed it with
HTAUTOMAT in parentheses. Moreover, the memorandum on
reporting procedures referred to the soon-to-be Data
Management Division rather than the rapidly fading
Statistical Division, OCR. Both included the US Air Force
whenever specific names of the military services were
mentioned, and there were four signature lines at the
end of each memo, including one for the Military Liaison
Officer, USAF. That the USAF was not to be so easily
lured into the fold was clear,. however, from the fact
that the line for the Military Liasison Officer, USAF,
was the only one on either memo without a signature.
To provide for the formulation of joint require-
ments and the establishment of joint projects, one of
the procedural memorandums announced the establishment of
the Photographic Intelligence Center (HTAUTOMAT) Joint
Projects Requirements Committee. 470/ Membership con-
sisted of one representative from the CIA Photographic
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Intelligence Center (HTAUTOMAT), the PIC (HTA) Military
Liaison Officer, USA, the PIC (HTA) Military Liaison
Officer, USN, and the PIC (HTA) Military Liaison Officer,
USAF. as chairman was responsible for committing 25X1
PIC (HTA) facilities needed for the accomplishment of
the work inherent in the joint projects established by
the committee. The CIA (HTA) representative served as
secretary for the committee and kept the minutes of each
meeting.
Requirements received by member organizations and
judged to be of potential joint interest were registered
with the secretary who made them available to represen-
tatives of the other organizations. Those of interest to
two or more organizations were then discussed by the com-
mittee and a consolidated requirement prepared. This
was followed by establishment of a joint project and the
determination of a suitable priority. Joint projects
were assigned by memorandum to the Senior Intelligence
Officer (SIO) of the organization selected to chair the
project -- usually the one judged to have the primary
interest in it. The SIO would then name as project chair-
man one of his photo interpreters, who would contact rep-
resentatives of other participating organizations for
their designation of members to the PI team. The SIO of
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the organization chairing the joint project was respon-
sible for accomplishment of the work in accordance with
the procedures specified in the procedural memorandum on
the preparation and publication of joint reports.
The latter memorandum differed from the one issued
on 28 May 1958 for the handling of HTA projects only by
an adaption of the phrasing to recognize the several
participating organizations and the joint nature of the
work. Even the "note" to permit arbitrary departures
from the details so elaborately spelled out -- this time
on the authDrity of the responsible SIO -- was included. 471/
With the issuance of these two procedural memoran-
dums, joint reporting was formalized and brought under
substantially the same controls as other HTA activity.
Heretofore, the status of military participants had been
somewhat vague and suggested the position of guests, who,
though heartily welcomed, were, nevertheless, coequals with
their Agency counterparts only with respect to the substance
of joint PI publications. Now, with creation of the Joint
Projects Requirements Committee and introduction of the
concept of the Senior Intelligence Officer, military par-
ticipants in HTA and PIC would also operate on equal
footing with Agency personnel in the planning and super-
vision of joint photo interpretation work. On the other
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hand, in competition for limited Agency support
facilities and manpower, they would be subject to the
same constraints as their CIA counterparts. This was
bound to reassure and assuage his fears of delays 25X1
to CIA-chaired projects because of unbridled demands on
HTA support components by the military.
D. Automated Mensuration -- with Bugs
The spring of 1958 was an exciting one for HTA
photogrammetrists because they appeared to be on the
threshold of a breakthrough in mensuration. One aspect
of this breakthrough was the prospect of measuring in
stereo -- i.e., with an instrument that made it possible
to view the object being measured in three dimensions,
thereby enhancing the probability of obtaining a more
accurate measurement. The other was .a further step in
automating the mensuration process. At this particular
point in history, late spring and summer of 1958, the
latter was the more promising of the two efforts.
Measuring in stereo was to be accomplished on a
Model TA-3 stereocomparator manufactured by the Ottico
Meccanica Italiana in Rome (Figure 129). Headed by the
former Italian Senator, Umberto Nistri, the company was
one of those that had visited after the VIII
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International Congress of Photogrammetry, two years
earlier. had become enthusiastic about the piece
of equipment, then under development, and HTA had put
in an order for the first instrument off the production
line. It arrived in April 1958, and installation by
company technicians was completed during May. 472/
Familiarly alluded to by HTA personnel as "the
Nistri," this instrument provided readout of coordinates
for points measured through use of an Olivetti typewriter
that produced a paper tape. The tape was then used to feed
the data to the ALWAC, which did computations and printed
out the measurements on a Flexowriter. The operation of
the Nistri was, therefore, not on line with the ALWAC,
though the paper tape did eliminate manual recording of
the coordinates and keyboarding of the data for entry into
the computer.
The seeming simplicity of the foregoing system
belied the all but insurmountable problems of operation.
The very features that intrigued HTA managers made it a
delicate and fussy instrument to use, particularly in
the uncontrolled environment of the Steuart Building. An
estimated 75% to 95% of all measurements were in error.
Obvious errors were annoying and caused loss of valuable
time, but subtle ones, not easily detected, were a
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potential source of embarrassment.
As if the malfunctions and need for constant and
costly recalibration were not enough, the detrimental
effects on the operator were even worse. Difficulties
inherent in the manipulation of four different handwheels
to orient the photographs so as to get and keep them in
proper register for stereoviewing subjected the eyes of
the operator to constant abuse, resulting in headaches
and fatigue. It thus became necessary to limit duty at
the instrument to no more than four hours per day per
person -- and there were few persons qualified as op-
erators. 473/
To say that the instrument, which was designed
primarily for photogrammetric triangulation in the com-
pilation of maps, was a limited success in the produc-
tion of photo intelligence would be an overstatement.
Yet for a few years it was the only stereocomparator in
the NPIC organization and was used in difficult assign-
ments where the stereoviewing feature was deemed de-
sirable to obtain the best possible measurements.
The further automation of the mensuration process
that took place in the late spring and early summer of
1958 eliminated the manual recording of readings from
the Mann Comparator by a second person, and supplanted
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the use of a desk calculator by the electronic wizardry
of the computer. Key elements in the system were the
Mann Comparator, a Telecordex, and the ALWAC. The Mann
comparator had been previously acquired from the Navy:
and modified by the addition of magnetic readout
heads. 474/ These heads, one for encoding data on the
X-coordinate and another for data on the Y-coordinate,
provided inputs for the Telecordex, which produced a
paper tape. This tape was then loaded manually on the
supervisory control Flexowriter attached to the ALWAC.
Readout of the encoded data by this Flexowriter served
as the input to the computer, which printed out the
desired measurements.*
The Telecordex, missing link in the system, arrived
on 26 May 1958. 475/ Steps to acquire it dated back to
July 1957 when had visited several firms in the
Los Angeles area in an attempt to find a means for micron
digitation of HTA comparator readout. Among companies
visited was the Telecomputing Corporation, where he found
the only suitable equipment, including magnetic readout
heads and the Telecordex. 476/
* To HTA photogrammetrists this constituted automation
of the mensuration process, a characterization that was
certainly well merited. It is obvious, however, that this
did not constitute on-line operation with the computer.
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is
Use of this equipment promised to speed up the
mensuration process and thus add to the computer workload.
Moreover, acquisition';of photographic coverage of Soviet
Central Asia, where available maps were poor and inaccu-
rate, begot requirements that called for attempts by HTA
to undertake limited extension of geodetic control and
bridging. These, too, taxed the existing computer capa-
bility. In choosing the ALWAC, however, had regarded 25X1
with favor the availability of additional peripheral
equipment, and the fact that the capacity of the computer
itself could be readily expanded should the need develop.
Now it had, and HTA proposed to upgrade the capability
of the ALWAC to handle a mass data reduction operation
which would use a rather large number of programs.
The upgrading included purchase of a Ferranti
high-speed photoelectric paper tape reader and a high-
speed tape punch -- operating respectively at 20 and six
times the speed of the existing equipment -- a second
Flexowriter for off-line transcription of punched tape
output, an-increase in the memory capacity of the computer
by replacing the 4,096-word drum with an 8,192-word drum,
and the addition of a pre-select command to permit direct
access to any of the individual sets of coordinates
stored in the main memory. The latter feature was needed
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particularly in connection with geodetic control exten-
sion and bridging, operations that involved the internal
storage of large numbers of point coordinates which the
program called for in a non-serial manner.
Interchange of the drums and addition of the pre-
select command could both be accomplished as field
changes on the existing equipment at the loss of from
two-to-five weeks of computer down time. The manufac-
turer proposed however, an exchange of the memory and
logic cabinets at a cost of several thousand dollars
less than the field change.* 477/ Since this alternative
would also substantially eliminate the down time, it was
the course of action chosen. The exchange of cabinets
and installation of peripheral equipment were accomplished
in May 1958. 479/ This dovetailed nicely with the arrival
of the Telecordex in the same month.
The acquisition of the TA-3 stereocomparator, the
receipt of the Telecordex -- which set the stage for the
first automation of the mensuration process by a photo
intelligence organization -- and the upgrading of the
* One of the intriguing aspects of the ALWAC Corporation,
which was already in financial difficulty and had merged
with the El-Tronics Corporation by the time these modifi-
cations were proposed, 478/ was the relatively good e-
quipment offered at a very competitive price -- perhaps
too low to permit corporate survival.
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ALWAC that contributed to proper functioning of this
improved mensuration system once more demonstrated the
vanguard position of HTA in the conception of a total
system for the exploitation of high-resolution aerial
photography, such as that in the TALENT system. It was
also another example of the type of planning and procure-
ment that kept rival organizations beating a path to the
door of HTA to seek assistance in expanding their own
exploitation capability.
The Strategic Air Command, probably the most ag-
gressive and certainly the best financed among those
pursuing the task of upgrading their exploitation capability,
was one of those rivals that sought to benefit from the
HTA research-and-development effort. In October 1957, at
the urgent request of an HTA team
consisting of Lundahl
Offutt Air Force Base at Omaha, Nebraska, to present to
SAC personnel the HTA systems concept for the exploitation
of aerial photography. The request for this briefing
resulted from enthusiastic reports brought back to Offutt
by SAC personnel who had visited the Steuart Building,
where they had been exposed to HTA research-and-develop-
ment concepts and some of the equipment already pro-
cured. 480/
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As a result of the series of October 1957 briefings
at Offutt, eight SAC photo interpreters and photogramme-
trists came to HTA for the month of May 1958 for indoc-
trination in the operation of photo lab and mensuration
equipment, including the ALWAC. 481/ Unfortunately, they
could scarcely have chosen a worse time to learn about
the new mensuration equipment. The Nistri stereocomparator
had just arrived and was being installed. The Telecordex
didn't arrive until just before they departed. And,
though the ALWAC had already been functioning for several
months, it was in May 1958 that the exchange of the memory
and logic cabinets and other modifications took place.
The two persons assigned to the photo lab, which
was unaffected by the absence or arrival of new equipment,
accomplished their goals. The others were not so lucky.
the ranking member of the group, ob- 25X1
served that the SAC personnel had learned much but added
they would like to return after a few months when the
functioning of the new equipment had stabilized. 25X1
said that installation of the ALWAC that SAC had ordered
was scheduled to be completed on 5 June, and that he and
would like to return later in 25X1
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the summer with a list of specific questions.* He also
proved (footnote continued on next page) 25X1
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expressed particular interest in learning more about the
operation of the new mensuration equipment. 483/ In
spite of this enthusiastic proposal, there was, however,
no reprise.
0
(footnote continued from preceding page) to be an unfor-
gettable character. He left a legacy of stories that were
subjects of conversation years after he departed. One re-
counted how he and a couple of other master sergeants
pulled into town, rented an apartment, proceeded to Bolling
AFB where they conned the NCO Wives Club into providing
them with pots, pans, and furniture and then went out and
bought a television with the intent to default immediately
on the payment. 482/
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F. A Center at Last
On 18 August 1958 the CIA Photographic Intelligence
Center was finally established under the DDI. Arthur C.
Lundahl was named director
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appointed deputy director, and was
designated executive officer. At the same time, the
Photo Intelligence Division, ORR, and the Statistical
Branch [sic], OCR, were abolished. 491/ At last the
long period of waiting was over. The organization for
exploiting U-2 photography, which had been prematurely
proposed as the Office of Statistical Research in Decem-
ber 1955, had finally achieved Office status.
Though the organization thus created was almost
identical with the one contemplated in Lundahl's 7 March
1958 memo to Amory, the grade structure was another
matter.* The table of organization approved by the DDS,
on 31 July 1958 omitted all grades.
requested that Lundahl and
the Director 25X1
of Personnel, discuss the proposed grade structure and
report to him on or about 1 September. 492/
The reason for withholding approval of the grades
stemmed from the failure of
of Personnel, to concur in the proposed grade structure
for the new center. In his memo to
in which he 25X1
* Minor alterations in the proposed organization included
a change in title from "Security Office" to "Security
Staff," elimination of a "Courier Section" in the Tech-
nical Branch of the Data Management Division, and several
minor changes in job titles.
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challenged the grades, made three major points. 25X1
First, he denied approval of GS-15 grades for the
positions of division chief. Second, he maintained that
the center did not, as yet, have sufficiently experienced
personnel to justify such positions for division chiefs
or many key positions below that level. Third, he urged
recruitment from the outside rather than what he charac-
terized as hasty promotion from within to fill some of
these key positions. 493/ Obviously, these were sub-
stantial matters and required some extended study and
negotiations before the conflicting claims could be re-
solved. The grade structure would certainly be an early
and important piece of business for the director of the
newly established center and his executive officer.
Apart from the small cloud caused by the unresolved
question of grades, there was much room for optimism
over the prospects for the new organization. Much as it
resembled the earlier HTAUTOMAT, there were significant
differences, particularly when viewed in the perspective
of future growth and development. No longer was there a
question about the survival of the organization. Barring
termination of the U-2 collection program and disastrous
failure in the development of follow-on systems, photo
interpretation in CIA in support of national intelligence
objectives was here to stay.
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As far as relations with other components in CIA
and the Intelligence Community were concerned, establish-
ment of PIC was a boon. No longer would functioning
through channels require dealing with and Guthe 25X1
to reach the DDI -- at least in cases where courtesy and
circumstances seemed to demand it. Ever since the
creation of HTA, continued subordination of D/GP to the
Geographic Research Area and ORR had seemed anachronistic,
particularly since much of the activity in HTAUTOMAT
transcended the purview of these two components. The
advantages of Office status were even greater with re-
spect to rapidly expanding contacts between HTA/PIC and
other organizations in the Intelligence Community. Not
only did the creation of PIC provide considerably greater
prestige, it also afforded more direct channels of com-
munication and enhanced the rapidly developing national
posture of the organization.
As the new center faced the future, the elimination
of several past problems was offset, to some extent, by
the survival of others that promised to grow. Most im-
mediate among the latter was the need for some solution
to the controversial question of how to staff and organize
for the production of photo intelligence reports. The.
cumbersome procedures hammered out and approved in the
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spring of 1958 could scarcely eliminate the need for
imaginative action to harness the editors and graphics
personnel into a team for the smooth and effective pub-
lication of photo intelligence.
The perpetuation of two PI divisions in the new
organization was of doubtful wisdom, but need for a tough
decision on this matter was less urgent. Nevertheless,
the dramatic successes of photo interpreters in the
Military-Scientific Division stood in ever sharper con-
trast to the World War II-type accomplishments of the
Industrial-Geographic Division. Moreover, the thrust of
the work in the Military-Scientific Division was inexor-
ably staking out the territory that the new PIC would
inevitably claim as its domain. By now it was reasonably
clear that it was in this area of highest-priority
military and scientific targets that the real future of
the organization lay. If neither the sheer ennui of
"documenting" endless industrial plants or rail yards
nor an open revolt of disadvantaged IGD photo interpreters
precipitated a crisis, if flaps like the one over the
coastal defense site on the Hel Peninsula didn't embarrass
PIC into further action, some day a critical need to
marshal all available PI manpower to fill requirements
for photo intelligence on missile, nuclear, and BW/CW
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targets promised to bring all PIC photo interpreters
into one division, under one management to pursue work
on photography covering these types of installations.
In the summer of 1958 there were also faint stirrings
of further problems in the management of the R&D effort.
Until now, DDP/TSS had provided much support and some
funding in the development and in the procurement of e-
quipment for HTA. Now, with the achievement of office
status and with the need to develop much more sophisti-
cated exploitation and data handling equipment for even
more exotic inputs from collection systems already under
development, PIC was thinking in terms of a more self-
contained R&D effort. Such a course of action not only
promised to be less confining and more responsive to PIC,
it also offered a better opportunity to keep the equip-
ment purchased or developed under control of those who
would use it. That Lundahl was cognizant of the danger
that PIC might even lose ground in the competition to
control this effort, which would be of critical importance
in determining the future exploitation capability of the
center, was suggested in a memo to Bissell in which he
stated, apropos of the oncoming W117L system, ". . . there
may be need of some discussion and agreement as to just
what role or authority TSS might have in accepting,
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monitoring, and approving contracts related to Photo-
graphic Data Extraction Systems and particularly in-
formation handling as a corollary of internal management
of HTA [sic]. I am sure that this can be worked out with
TSS representatives but I must state that I would be re-
luctant to accept any plan whereby my highly qualified
R&D specialists in photographic intelligence, and in day
to day working contact with the problems and achievements
at HTA, would be eliminated from contacts with industrial
representatives and the right to participate in prepara-
tion of requirements and the review and acceptance of
proposals." 494/
Concern over R&D matters was a very real problem
for the new center, particularly in view of the prospect
of future large inputs of photography that was certain,
in the long run, also to improve in resolution. It was,
however, also certain to lead the center into dangerous
waters. Research and development were bound to be ex-
pensive and, at times, disappointing. They were, more-
over, not central to the job of PIC, which was the ex-
ploitation of photography. It could easily become a
case of being damned if you do and damned if you don't.
Whatever the risk, HTAUTOMAT and the new center were
showing signs of wanting to try it.
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Lest it seem that emerging long-range problems,
so easy to identify with the benefit of hindsight, cast
a pall over PIC when the mood should have been one of
rejoicing, assurance should be given that this was not
the case. Even the near-term problem of grades could be
regarded philosophically. There was no great problem of
headroom in the new center. The newly named but familiar
Director and his people stood high in the esteem of senior
managers in the Agency and among leaders elsewhere in the
Intelligence Community, as well as in key sectors of the
scientific and industrial world. They had finally achieved
the organizational status they sought and which they felt
confident would provide the opportunity they required
to attain even higher levels of achievement. With further
development of the capabilities of those in the center and
a continuation of the dedicated and imaginative work that
had become the hallmark of the organization, the rest
should take care of itself. it would not be unrealistic
to suppose that, on 18 August 1958, from where Lundahl
sat "he looked at what he and his people had wrought and
pronounced it good."
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Appendix A
Page
0
Aircraft
Badger (Soviet)
Beagle (Soviet)
Beech (U.S.)
Bison (Soviet)
FISHBED, delta-wing (Soviet)
MIG (Soviet)
P2V (U.S.)
Satellite (U.S.)
U-2 (U.S.)
X-1, X-2, X-15 (U.S.)
Cameras and other
photographic/photogrammetric
equipment
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83, 304
83, 234
380
21, 23, 83
253, 254
63, 73, 102, 105,
176
18-19, 28, 36, 45-47,
76 f.n., 84, 107,
159-162, 170, 183,
311, 322, 374-376,
426, 446
27, 142, 143, 210,
260-263, 270, 311 f.n.
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ALWAC-III Computer
29, 65, 67, 125-128,
174-175, 266-270,
439-443
B Camera
65 f.n., 124, 142,
210, 260-264, 311 f.n.,
317, 395
Camera designed for Project
OSTIARY
63, 64
CAX Camera
63, 102
LogEtronic Printer
15, 33, 335-336
Microstereoscope (modified by
an HTA PI)
131, 132
Minicard
31, 128-129, 337-338
MM 50 Surveying Camera
61, 62
Photogrammetric equipment
37-41, 65, 66, 70,
124-132, 270-271,
336-338, 438-446
Tracker Camera
CIA Components
Central Building
Deputy Director for Plans (DDP)
(Since mid-1973, Deputy Di-
rector for Operations [DDO])
27, 260-262, 304
18, 69, 177
9, 17, 35, 61-64, 67,
100-105, 173,
177-
178, 252-254,
258,
326, 419, 424,
449,
Geographic Research Area
(ORR/GRA)
3, 6, 14, 254,
281,
325, 452
Office of Central Reference
(OCR) (See also HTAUTOMAT/
1-4, 30, 153,
182,
Statistical Branch)
278, 279, 281,
330,
340-342, 347
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Office of Research and Reports
(ORR)
Office of Scientific Intelli-
gence (OSI)
1-4, 6, 29-30, 116,
134, 172, 182, 254,
278, 281, 326, 340-342,
347, 354, 419-422, 452
6, 22, 29, 87-89, 111,
116, 135-136, 153, 172,
186, 250, 384, 391,
417, 421
Photographic Interpretation
Center (PIC) 345 f.n., 347-355,
427-438, 449-456
Special Register (OCR/SR) 13, 277, 279, 341
Steuart Building 1, 13-17, 34, 87, 96,
114, 157, 186, 243,
266-267, 275, 285,
334-335, 356, 373
?
Photogrammetry, Stockholm
Iran
Technical Services Staff (TSS) 454, 455
Foreign Countries/Governments/Organizations
VIII International Congress of
36t .271
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HTAUTOMAT Components
Central Branch, aka "Task Force" 16-18, 34-35, 69,
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118-122, 156, 176-177,
258, 273, 326, 344-348
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Graphics Shop
Military Personnel Assigned
HTAUTOMAT
See "Graphics"
under HTAUTOMAT
Functions
4, 9, 14-16, 31,
167-168, 185, 340-341,
350, 391, 432-437
PARAMOUNT Committee (for
all-source reporting) 47-49, 54-56, 139
Photo Intelligence
Division (D/GP)
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1-4, 17, 31, 62-63,
65-67, 98, 100-105,
109, 131, 149, 153,
164, 178, 203, 254,
258, 280-282, 326,
342, 346, 450
Administrative Staff 12, 155-156, 349, 351
Geographic Branch
renamed SovBloc Branch
temporarily, then In-
dustrial-Geographic
Division
6-7, 24-27, 56, 58,
99-100, 133-134, 151,
152, 165,
172, 217,
255, 257,
323-326,
420-423
156, 346,
348
6-7,
24-27, 56, 59,
72,
90, 99-100, 111,
115,
116, 131, 133,
146,
151-153, 155
renamed Military-
Scientific Branch
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155-157, 165-167, 185,
203, 217, 273, 323,
332-333, 348, 357-358,
382-384, 420-421, 453
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Special Projects Branch
4-6,
9, 15, 24, 31,
52,
55, 61, 74, 76-80,
131,
150-151, 153, 158,
163
renamed Operations
Support Branch
156,
164-165, 251, 261,
273,
339, 344-345, 349
Support Staff
Technical Intelligence
Branch
renamed Technical In-
telligence Services
Branch
Research and Development Board
Special Engineering Analysis
Group
(See also JAM SESSION under
Programs/Projects)
Statistical Branch (OCR/SR/SB)
(OCR element assigned HT-
AUTOMAT)
renamed Data Management
Division, PIC
Photo Lab (OCR/Statistical
Branch)
10, 11, 29, 133, 134,
146, 152-153, 157, 180,
271-276, 327-334, 349-
351, 427, 430, 433
8-10, 15, 27, 61-67,
90, 124
156, 164-165, 169, 174,
268, 339, 344-345, 349,
430
178-179, 259
206-209, 217,
219 f.n., 240-241,
276
1-4, 11, 12-14, 30-34,
52, 53, 90, 146-147,
149, 153, 168, 182,
275-279, 341-342, 347,
422, 450
347, 435
13, 15, 32-33, 90,
169, 185, 279, 335,
359
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HTAUTOMAT Functions
Briefings
5,'21-22, 242-243,
247-251, 310, 320-
322, 334-335
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US Ambassador David Bruce 366-372
US Ambassador John Whitney 373
Vice President Nixon 321
(See also Lundahl, Arthur
C., under People)
Collateral, reference material,
photogrammetric support 1-3, 8-16, 28, 30-31,
48, 52-53, 90, 97-98,
123-124, 168, 174,
185-189, 191, 219,
268-269, 273, 275,
306, 350, 385, 427,
438-444
Control and dissemination of
"the product" 10, 22, 24-25, 34,
(See Security Systems) 152-153, 163, 165-170,
173, 178, 253, 254,
327-339, 351, 356,
427-438
Editorial Function
10, 30, 152-155, 327-
334, 350-351, 358-366,
427-432, 453
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..
Exploiting U-2 Photography
(detailed)
(See JAM SESSION under
Programs/Projects)
2, 6-7, 9, 15, 24-
27, 58, 72-73, 76-
100, 132, 154, 158,
166, 174, 181
Exploiting U-2 Photography
(immediate)
Graphics
Liaison
(See also Briefings under
HTAUTOMAT Functions; and
Lundahl, Arthur C., under
People)
PI Training
Requirements levied on
HTAUTOMAT
Ad hoc requirement committee
Research and Development (R&D)
40
SECRET
2, 5, 21-23, 48-49,
55, 71, 165-166,
168-169, 174, 252,
353-354
10, 15, 79, 146,
153-155, 165, 169,
174, 185, 204-206,
208, 219 f.n.,
240 f.n., 281, 283,
310, 327-334, 349,
351, 357, 359-366,
427-453
8, 10, 29, 30, 98,
109-110, 122, 143,
146-148, 167, 178-
179, 185-241
67-70, 108-109, 110-
120, 133-134, 385
5, 10, 16, 27, 29,
48, 58, 69, 75, 87,
107, 123, 133-134,
152, 171, 176, 180-
181,258, 274, 323,
326, 330, 423, 428,
435-438, 446-447
107, 143, 146-147,
249
61-67, 147, 178-179,
444, 454-455
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Page
Training Given by HTAUTOMAT,
i.e., training manuals, briefing
books, Basic Industrial Photo-
graphic Interpretation Course
17, 35, 67-69, 77-
80, 120-122, 176-177,
248, 326, 383,
391 f.n., 445
?
?
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Page
?
Programs, Projects
AQUATONE
22, 43, 60-61, 65,
139, 142, 159, 182,
249, 259-260, 265,
373
184-242, 244, 247,
254, 268, 270-271,
274-275, 278, 282,
285, 286-320, 334,
340-341, 355-356,
386-417
Jupiter Program 112, 223-224
?
SECRET
41, 63, 100-105, 175,
176
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Page
,Redstone Program
SOFT TOUCH Missions
40
Vanguard
Security Systems
COMINT
ELINT
160-162, 184, 210 f.n.,
242, 244, 256, 270,
286, 322, 334, 340, 367
17, 54, 91, 144, 208,
210, 219, 231, 234,
275-277, 356-357
22, 231, 234, 237,
376
GENETRIX 18
GIDEON 57-58, 70
Q Clearance 99, 100, 115
SENSINT 142, 171-172, 255-
TALENT System
?
RADINT
THOPTIC
U-2 Targets
China
Egypt
SECRET
13, 16-17, 34, 37, 48,
50-51, 57, 61, 64-65,
69-70, 84, 91-92, 95,
106, 129, 147-149,
155-156, 173-174, 186,
250, 257, 277, 308,
325, 329-331, 350, 373,
422, 428, 444, 449
219, 234, 276
18, 35, 172
45-47, 376
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European Satellites
Far East
Finland
Indonesia
Page
20-21, 30, 80, 107,
176, 257, 408-416,
420
17, 105, 107, 171,
255, 355, 370, 418,
420
258, 326, 355, 424-
425
0
46, 424-426
19, 20, 45-46, 51, 54,
57, 69, 73-74, 78,
139, 147, 355, 366,
370, 375-376
5, 30, 36, 76, 79,
107, 160-162, 205, 252,
324, 353, 370, 375
Airbases, long-range
(SAC-type)
Chirchik Electrochemical
Combine, Tashkent 387-389
Conventional targets,
i.e., industries, rail
yards, highway construction,
etc. 27, 58, 134, 160, 162,
171-172, 257
Kapustin Yar Missile Test
Center, aka Kapustin Yar-
Vladimirovka Missile Test
Center
?
SECRET
161, 167, 170, 204-
206, 208, 217-240, 357,
358, 366-369, 389, 403,
420
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Kirovakan Chemical Combine,
Tbilisi
Military and Scientific
Targets
(See also specific sites)
Mozhaysk
387, 389-390
6, 18-26, 28, 72,
218-219, 233, 235-236,
288, 304, 370
23, 26-27, 59, 84-100,
135-138, 154, 173, 418
Novosibirsk AE Feed Materials
Complex 285, 305-309
?
0
Tyura Tam Missile Test
Center
Urals
Urban Complexes
US Air Bases
Andrews AFB, Maryland
Clark:AFB, Philippine Islands
Cubi Point NAS, PI
SECRET
168, 204-217, 227
311, 357, 358-366,
369, 388, 395, 398,
420
19, 142, 369, 370,
446-447
21, 160, 172, 323-
326. 422-423
104, 105
424-425
424-425
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Incirlik AFB, Adana, Turkey
Eglin AFB, Florida 100-105, 175
Fairbanks, Alaska 162
Kelly AFB, San Antonio, Texas 116
19, 46, 52-54, 69,
74-76, 160-161, 218,
373-376, 426-427
i
Offutt AFB, Omaha, Nebraska
Wiesbaden.AFB, Germany
Wright-Patterson AFB,
Dayton, Ohio
US Companies/Corporations
Aeroflex Plant
California Institute of
Technology
19, 20, 52, 74-75,
160-161, 176
Convair Aircraft
Douglas Aircraft
Eastman Kodak
49, 128-129, 139-142,
260, 264
Fairchild Plant
64
Feed Materials Production
Center, Fernald, Ohio
307-308, 383
Hughes Aircraft
117
HYCON
260, 262, 264
IBM
Lockheed
63-64, 260, 262
?
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North American Aviation
PEPCO
Perkin-Elmer
Photogrammetry, Inc.
Ramo-Wooldridge
Spica, Inc.
US Government Elements
Atomic Energy Commission (AEC)
JAEIC (Joint Atomic Energy
Intelligence Committee)
?
is
Cape Canaveral
Dugway Proving Ground, Utah
Geological Survey
Guided Missiles Intelligence
Committee (GMIC)
Intelligence Advisory Com-
mittee (IAC)
Intelligence Community
116
336
260, 261, 264
61, 62, 123
87, 94, 99, 377-378,
392
89, 90, 189, 204, 241,
274, 285, 306, 308,
309, 386, 391
111, 112
314
391
89, 90, 189, 204, 206,
240-242, 247, 274, 285,
309
4, 47, 55, 248-249,
310
2, 5, 8, 25, 59-60,
75, 84, 87, 89, 93,
98-99, 107, 116, 125,
135, 144, 146, 160-161,
168-169, 187, 191, 243,
255, 282, 305-306, 310,
318-319, 323, 325, 387,
419, 452
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory 94
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Military, i.e., Air Force,
Army, Navy, Dept. of Defense
23, 29, 33-34, 47-48,
50-54, 64, 70, 74-75,
85, 100-105, 110-112,
116, 135-138, 140,
142, 145-146, 148, 153,
159, 167, 170-171, 178-
179,185, 251, 255, 286,
310,
324-325,
340-341,
426,
444-445
National Security Agency
(NSA)
48,
87, 128,
277
Nevada Proving Ground Test
Site
305,
376-385
Oak Ridge
113-114
Savannah River Project
113
State Department (Dept. of
State)
48, 170
White House
47, 170,
322
White Sands Proving Ground,
Sandia, New Mexico
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Appendix B
9 Jul
10 Jul
2 Aug
29 Aug First U-2 mission over the Middle East.
? 7 Sep
7 Sep
0
12 Sep
13 Sep
29 Oct
Chronology: 1956 1958
HTA initiates operations in the Steuart
Building.
Date of the last Russian penetration
missions before the initial stand-down.
Lundahl returns to duty in Washington
after attending the VIII International
Congress of Photogrammetry, Stockholm,
Sweden.
Reber and Lundahl deliver first U-2
photography to the British.
HTA issues a PI Alert on the Mozhaysk
installation.
Intelligence Advisory Committee creates
the PARAMOUNT Committee.
First Middle East mission flown from new
base at Adana, Turkey.
Outbreak of hostilities in Middle East.
7 Nov Ceasefire in Middle East.
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?
1956(cont.)
13 Nov
19 Nov
4 Dec
12 Dec
29 Jan
Intelligence Advisory Committee deactivates
the PARAMOUNT Committee.
Decision to establish an overseas PI center
on the base
Date of Mission B-1344; photography first
processed and exploited
Date of issue of the first of two HTA
publications on special weapons storage
and loading facilities at Soviet long-
range airfields.
depart Washington, D.C.,
for Eglin AFB, Florida, for tests on the
Project OSTIARY camera system.
1 Feb Lundahl calls for a revision of the mission
and functions and a reorganization of HTA.
7 Mar Consultant meeting at Headquarters on the
problem.
?
SECRET
3 Apr
leave on first
nuclear installations.
extended on-site trip to US missile and
15 Jul HTA graphics shop begins operation.
25 Jul HTA recommends use of A-2 camera for SOFT
TOUCH missions.
of HTA personnel in connection with the
announces completion of reassignment
organizational realignment.
5 Aug First of the SOFT TOUCH missions flown
from Pakistan.
8 Aug Reduction of 20 positions announced -- 12
in the ORR division and eight in OCR branch.
25X1
25X1
25X1
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?
1957(cont.)
Aug Joint Army-Navy-CIA-Air Force first-phase
exploitation of photography initiated at
HTA.
17 Sep ALWAC III-E computer delivered to Steuart
Building.
23 Sep
30 Sep
8-
9 Oct
Project JAM SESSION instituted at HTA.
relieved of his duties as chief
o the ormer Special Projects Branch.
diffusion plant, 25X1
Consultations at HTA on the gaseous
22-
23 Oct Consultations at HTA on the reactor area
and the chemi under
narnfinn plant construction,
4 Nov
15 Nov
GMIC Special Engineering Analysis Group
starts work at HTA.
OCR designates the Statistical Branch, SR,
the Statistical Division, OCR.
16 Nov Lundahl and Gardner depart for to
give briefings on information from T
TOUCH missions.
27 Nov Report on findings of the GMIC Special
Engineering Analysis Group published by HTA.
2-
5 Dec GMIC Scientific Advisory Panel meeting
at HTA.
2 Dec Allen Dulles makes first and only visit
to HTA.
2 Dec 25X1
13-
14 Dec
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0
1957 (cont. )
16 Dec Lundahl briefs Vice President Nixon on a
wide range of U-2 photography in the DCI
conference room.
23 Dec Lundahl briefs Kelly Johnson, designer of
U-2, on some of the photographic accomplish-
ments of the U-2 collection system.
3 Jan Announcement of DCI approval for an in-
crease of 35 slots in the combined ORR-
OCR HTAUTOMAT Table of Organization.
31 Jan Military-Scientific and Operations Support
Branches exchange work areas, with MSB
moving to the seventh floor and OSB to the
sixth.
Feb Minicard equipment finally arrives at HTA.
24-
25 Feb 25X1
7 Mar Proposal to create the CIA Photographic
Intelligence Center forwarded to DDI.
depart
for Clark AFB, Philippine Islan s, to
establish a film processing and interpre-
tation center for U-2 missions over Indo-
nesia.
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1958 (cont. )
10 Apr First of several procedural memos issued
for use in guiding internal HTA opera-
tions.
Apr Model TA-3 stereocomparator (the "Nistri")
delivered to HTA.
May Capability of the ALWAC III-E upgraded.
26 May
2-
3 Jun
Telecordex delivered to HTA.
Consultations at HTA on the Soviet heavy
water plants
9-
13 Jun Consultations at HTA on Soviet uranium
mi ni nrr and mi 11 i ncr sites
?
18 Aug Establishment of the CIA Photographic In-
telligence Center announced.
?
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Appendix C
Source References*
?
?
p. 1. TS CODEWORD.**
OCR/SR/SB Status Report, 29 Aug 57, p. 4,
TS CODEWORD.
1. Monthly Report of the Industrial Branch, Jul 56,
2. DDS, Office of Personnel. Notification of Personnel
Action, 12 Aug 56. U.
3. DGP/SPB Distribution Total Man Hours, Aug 56. No
classification.
4. Memo,l Ifor Lundahl, 15 Aug 56, sub: Special 25X1
Projects Branch Production Schedule. TS.
5. Monthly Reports of the Geographic Branch, Jul 56,
p. 1, and Aug 56, p. 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
Also see reference 3, above.
6. Monthly Report of the Industrial Branch, Aug 56,
p. 4. S CODEWORD.
7. Monthly Reports of the Technical Intelligence Branch,
Aug 56-May 57.
8. Monthly Reports of the Support Staff, Jul 56, p. 1,
and Sep 56, p. 2. S CODEWORD.
9. Monthly Report of the Support Staff, Sep 56, p. 2.
S CODEWORD.
10. Office of Personnel, "Photo Intelligence Division,"
16 Nov 56, p. 91. Office of Personnel, "Photo In-
telligence Division," 27 Nov 56, n.p. Photo Intel-
ligence Division, "Unofficial T/O with Personnel
Assignments," 15 Aug 57.
* Unless otherwise indicated, all source references are
in the NPIC Historical Collection housed in the NPIC Library.
** Unless otherwise indicated, all source references are
classified SECRET.
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11. Office of Personnel, "Photo Intelligence Division,"
27 Nov 56, n.p.
13. Memo,l ~ 2 Dec 55, sub: Establishment 25X1
of the Office of Statistical Research, TS. 25X1
14. OCR/SR/SB Status Reports, 29 Aug 57, p. 4, 25X1
TS CODEWORD.
15. SB/IS, General Information and Procedures Manual,
Jan 57, Tab B.
16. See reference 14, above, p. 8.
17. Monthly Reports of Technical Intelligence Branch,
Aug 56, pp. 1, TS CODEWORD, and 4, S; Sep 56, pp. 1,
TS CODEWORD, and 4, S; Nov 56, pp. 1, TS CODEWORD,
and 4, S; Dec 56, p. 4, S; Jan 57, pp. 2, S CODE-
WORD, and 5, S; June 57, p. 5, S; Jul 57, p. 4, TS
CODEWORD.
18. Monthly Reports of the Special Projects Branch,
Aug 56, p. 2, CIA IUO; Sep 56, p. 1, S CODEWORD;
Oct 56, p. 2, TS CODEWORD; Nov 56, p. 1, S CODEWORD;
Dec 56, p. 1, No classification; Feb 57, p. 1, TS
CODEWORD; Mar 57, p. 1; Apr 57, p. 1; May 57, p. 1.
19. OCR/SB, "Reference, Reproduction, and Dissemination
Service," Jun 57.
20. Memo,l 15 Mar 57, sub: February 25X1
Status Report for Statistical Branch, Annex B.
21. Memo, 1 Oct 56, sub: Status 25X1
Report for the Statistical Branch, SR/CR (Activities
Since the Move to the Steuart Building), p. 7.
Memo, (No signature line) for 7 Jan 25X1
57, sub: Status Report for the Statistical Branch
SR/CR, Annex B.
22. Memo, (No signature line) for 7 Jan 25X1
57, sub: Status Report for the Statisti.ca Branch
SR/CR, Annex B.
of Pay Period 15-28 Jul 56.
23. Memo,
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24. Committee on Requirements, Project AQUATONE.
Western USSR: Highest Priority Targets, 31 Jul
56, p. 1, TS.
Committee on Requirements, Project AQUATONE.
Far East: Highest Priority Targets, 31 Jul 56,
p. 1, TS.
25. CIA/OSA, CoZZection Handbook, n.d., p. 10,
TS CODEWORD.
?
0
26. See reference 25, above.
27. Ibid.
25X1
25X1
28. "Moscow Charges U.S. Air In- 25X1
cursions by Military Craft," New York Times, 11 Jul
56, pp. 1, 3. U.
"Soviet in U.N. Move on U.S. 'Intrusions'," New York
Times, 13 Jul 56, p. 5. U.
Edwin L. Dale, Jr. "Soviet Air Charge is Rejected
by U.S.," New York Times, 20 Jul 56, p. 1. U.
29. CIA/NPIC Mission Folder, A 2013, 4 Jul 56, filed in
Production Services Group, NPIC. TS CODEWORD.
30. Interview, Dino Brugioni with author, 20 Aug 71, p. 6.
TS CODEWORD.
31. CIA/NPIC Mission Folder, A 2014, 5 Jul 56, filed in
Production Services Group, NPIC. TS CODEWORD.
32. See reference 30, above, pp. 3, 4.
33. CIA/NPIC Mission Folder, A 2024, 10 Jul 56, filed in
Production Services Group, NPIC. TS CODEWORD.
34. See reference 30, above, p. 7.
35. Monthly Reports of the Special Projects Branch, Jul
56, No classification, and Aug 56, CIA IUO.
36. See reference 30, above, p. 7.
37. CIA/HTA Mozhaysk Folder No. 2, "Mozhaysk Chronology,"
n.d., p. 1. TS CODEWORD.
38. See reference 30, above, pp. 1, 2.
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?
?
39. CIA/HTA, B-1-56, 8 Aug 56, "Moscow/Fili Airframe
Plant No. 23." TS CODEWORD.
40. CIA/HTA, B-2-56, 22 Aug 56, "Sudomekh Shipyard,
196." TS CODEWORD.
CIA/HTA, B-3-56, 22 Aug 56, "Baltic Shipyard." TS
CODEWORD.
CIA/HTA, B-4-56, 23 Aug 56, "Marti Shipyard, 194."
TS CODEWORD.
CIA/HTA, B-5-56, 23 Aug 56, "Kronshtadt Naval Ship-
yard." TS CODEWORD.
CIA/HTA, B-6-56, 24 Aug 56, "Zhdanov Shipyard, 190."
TS CODEWORD.
41. CIA/HTA, B-11-56, 28 Aug 56, "No Evidence of SAM
Herringbone Sites in Leningrad, Riga, and Kalinin-
grad Areas." TS CODEWORD.
42. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Aug 56,
p. 1. TS CODEWORD.
47. See reference 45, above.
48. See reference 9, above, p. 1.
49. See reference 42, above.
50. Monthly Report of Support Staff, Jul 56, p. 1.
S CODEWORD.
11. TS CODEWORD.
43. See reference 37, above, pp. 1, 2.
44. HTA/TIB Distribution Total Man Hours, Aug 56.
45. Monthly Report of the Technical Intelligence Branch,
Aug 56, p. 1. TS CODEWORD.
46. Interview, with author, 22 Jul 71, pp'. 10,
51. Memo,l , 1 Oct 56, sub: Status 25X1
Report for the Statistical Branch, SR/CR (Activities
Since the Move to the Steuart Building), p. 3.
52. Ibid., p. 2.
53. See reference 13, above, p. 13.
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54. See reference 14, above, p. 11.
55. See reference 51, above, p. 7.
56. See reference 51, above, p. 2.
57. See reference 51, above, p. 7.
58. See reference 51, above, p. 1.
59. HTA/CR Steuart Building Messenger and Courier Service,
16 Jul 56, p. 1.
60. ORR/GP, GP/I-212, 31 Aug 56, Aircraft Shipping Crates
on Chu-Hsien [sic] Airfield. S NOFORN Continued Con-
trol.
61. ORR/GP, GP/I-209, 21 Aug 56, PEGMATITE.
62. ORR/GP, GPI-205, 14 Aug 56, Amateur Photography from
Commercial Aircraft.
63. Monthly Report of the Photo Intelligence Division,
Aug 56, p. 2.
? 64. 25X1
66. Ibid.
See reference 64, above.
67. Interview, Arthur C. Lundahl with author, 12 Nov 70,
pp. 23-24. TS CODEWORD.
68. See reference 64, above, p. 4.
69. See reference 64, above, p. 14.
70. See reference 65, above, p. 13.
71. See reference 65, above, pp. 15, 16.
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tS
?
0
72. See reference 46, above, pp. 7, 8.
73. See reference 46, above, p. 4.
74. See reference 65, above, pp. 10-12.
75. See reference 65, above, pp. 5-9.
76. See reference 64, above, pp. 10-14.
77. Arthur C. Lundahl. General Considerations and Sug-
gested Idealizations of a U.S. Photographic InteZ-
Zigence System, 21 May 54.
78. Interview, Arthur C. Lundahl with author, 19 Nov 70,
pp. 3-5. TS.
79. "Egypt Nationalizes Suez Canal Company; Will Use
Revenues to Build Aswan Dam," New York Times, 27 Jul
56, p. 1. U.
80. CIA/HTA HTAUTOMAT, Middle East: Book 1, Jan 57.
TS CODEWORD. Official copy available in Records
Center.
81. CIA/NPIC Mission Folder, A 1104, 29 Aug 56, filed in
Production Services Group, NPIC. TS CODEWORD.
CIA/NPIC Mission Folder, A 1105, 29 Aug 56, filed in
Production Services Group, NPIC. TS CODEWORD.
82. CIA/NPIC Mission Folder, A 1106, 30 Aug 56, filed in
Production Services Group, NPIC. TS CODEWORD.
CIA/NPIC Mission Folder, A 1107, 30 Aug 56, filed in
Production Services Group, NPIC. TS CODEWORD.
83. New York Times, 30 Oct 56, p. 1. U.
84. New York Times, 7 Nov 56, pp. 33ff. U.
85. See reference 80, above.
86. CIA/HTA HTAUTOMAT: Statistics, Jan 57, BG68-57. TS
CODEWORD. Official copy filed in Records Center.
87. Ibid.
88. See reference 78, above, p. 12. TS CODEWORD.
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?
?
89. Monthly Report of the Special Projects Branch,
Sep 56, p. 2.
90. See reference 78, above, p. 11. TS CODEWORD.
92. See reference 78, above, pp. llff.
93. See reference 78, above, p. 13.
94. Memo,O for Director of Intelligence, US Air 25X1
Force, 18 Jan 57, sub: Policy and Procedures for
Overseas Handling, Processing, and Reporting on
Photographic Results of AQUATONE Operations, TCS-
734-57, and attachment, same title. TS. 25X1
95. See reference 89, above, p. 2.
96. See reference 51, above, p. 7.
97. Memo, 4 Dec 56, sub: Progress 25X1
Report, p. 2. S CODEWORD EYES ONLY.
98. Monthly Report of the Special Projects Branch, Nov
56, p. 2. S CODEWORD.
Monthly Report of the Industrial Branch, Nov 56, p. 2.
TS CODEWORD.
Monthly Reports of the Geographic Branch, Oct 56, p.
2, No classification, and Nov 56, p. 2. S CODEWORD.
99. Memo, 3 Nov 56, sub: Status 25X1
Report for the Statistical Branch/SR, for Oct 56.
Letter, 24 Nov 56. U. 25X1
23 Nov 56.
100. Letter 24 Nov 56. U. 25X1
Letter, for Lundahl and 25X1
101. Interview,
5, 6. TS.
with author, 30 Oct 69, pp.
102. Ibid.
103. See reference 86, above, BG68-57, BG69-57.
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104. ORR/GP/SPB Monthly Time Distribution Record, Sep
56. No classification.
ORR/GP/SPB Monthly Time Distribution Record, Oct
56, p. 3. No classification.
ORR/GP/SPB Monthly Time Distribution Record, Nov
56, p. 5.
105. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Oct 56,
2. No classification.
106. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Nov 56,
2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
107. Monthly Reports of the Industrial Branch, Oct and
Nov 56, p. 1. TS CODEWORD.
108. See reference 91, above.
109. Ibid.
?
?
111. See reference 78, above, p. 9.
112. See reference 91, above, p. 2.
113. CIA/HTA I-A3, 7 Sep 56, Possible Nuclear Reactors
Under Construction. TS CODEWORD.
114.. CIA/HTA I-A6, 21 Sep 56, Probably Missile Site
and/or Test Installation. TS CODEWORD.
115. Memo, for Lundahl, 16 Feb 56, sub: Conference
with Members of DDP on Camera Capabilities.
116. ORR/GP GP/I-159, 29 Feb 56, Camera Recommendations.
117. Memo, for Lundahl, 30 Mar 56, sub: Trip to
Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation, Long
Island, N.Y., 27 Mar 56.
118. Memo, for Lundahl, 11 Jun 56, sub: Report of
Accomplishments During Trip to Long Island, N.Y.,
and L S EYES ONLY.
Memo, 21 Sep 56, sub: Travel to
Urbana, Ohio.
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119. Memo, 12 Oct 56, sub: Accomplish-
ments at yosse , Long Island, Contractor's Plant.
S EYES ONLY.
Memo, 31 Oct 56, sub: Report on
Trip to New York to Inspect Photographic Equip-
ment during Acceptance Tests.
120. Memo, 6 Dec 56, sub: Report on
Trip to Air Proving Ground, Eglin AFB, Florida.
S EYES ONLY.
121. Memo, Lundah 27 Sep 56, sub: Tech-
nical Intelligence Brant s Computational Require-
ments.
Memo,O for Bissell, 25 Sep 56, sub: Observa-
tions Concerning Possible Solutions to Extensive
Computational Requirements.
122. Memo, for Bissell, 25 Sep 56, sub: Observa-
tions Concerning Possible Solutions to Extensive
Computational Requirements.
124. Interview,) _ (with author, 20 Jul 71,
?
125. Monthly Reports of the Technical Intelligence
Branch, Oct 56, p. 2; Nov 56, p. 2; Dec 56, p. 2.
TS CODEWORD.
p. 3. TS CODEWORD.
126. See reference 124, above.
127. Memo, for Chief ST/A/RR, 1 Nov 56, sub: 25X1
Request or oto Intelligence Training.
128. Monthly Report of the Special Projects Branch, Nov
56, p. 2. S CODEWORD.
Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Nov 56,
p. 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
129. Monthly Report of the Photo Intelligence Division,
Oct 56, p. 2.
130. Monthly Report of the Photo Intelligence Division,
Dec 56, p. 2.
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131. NPIC Field Operations (First
draft). TS Working Paper.
?
?
132. Letter, for Lundahl, 8 Feb 57. U.
133. See reference 131, above.
134. Letter, for Lundahl, 29 Jan 57. TS.
135. CIA/NPIC Mission Folder, B 4016, 20 Nov 56, filed
in Production Services Group, NPIC. TS CODEWORD.
136. CIA/HTA R3-57, 16 Sep 57, Ammunition or Unidentified
Storage Installations in the Soviet Bloc Having
Maximum Security and Blast Protection, p. 9. TS
CODEWORD.
137. Interview,) (with author, 27 Jul 71, p. 6.
TS CODEWORD.
Monthly Report of the Special Projects Branch, Dec
56, p. 1. No classification.
138. See reference 136, above, pp. 6, 8.
139. Monthly Report of the Special Projects Branch, Dec
56, p. 1. No classification.
141. HTA/SPB Monthly Time Distribution Report, Dec 56,
No Classification; Jan 57, No classification; Feb
57, TS CODEWORD; and Mar 57.
142. CIA/HTA M 10-56, 12 Dec 56, Probable Special Weapons
Storage and Loading Installation. TS CODEWORD.
143. CIA/HTA M 1-57, 28 Feb 57, Special Weapons Loading
and Storage Installations (Stryy Type). TS CODEWORD.
144. CIA/HTA R1-57, Jan 57, Unidentified Soviet Construc-
tion Project Near Mozhaysk, USSR. TS CODEWORD.
145. See reference 37, above, p. 3.
146. Memo,) Ifor Members of the Utilization Ad-
visory Board, 18 Jan 57, sub: Outside Consultation
on HTAUTOMAT Problems. S CODEWORD.
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.10
?
?
on the Mozhaysk Site, 12 Feb 57. TS CODEWORD.
sub: Comments of
Memo, for TALENT Control Officer, CIA,
TS CO
Notes from Briefing of by USAF
Collection Division Team, n.d. TS CODEWORD.
Notes from Briefing of Dr. Werner von Braun by
Members of the Special Developments Branch, n.d.
TS CODEWORD.
Notes from Briefing of Dr. Edward Teller and Dr.
Mark Miles by USAF Collection Division Team, n:.d.
TS CODEWORD.
Summary of Mozhaysk Briefing for
UCRL, 15 Jan 57. TS CODEWORD.
147. Mozhaysk Folder No. 2, "Mozhaysk Chronology;"n.d.,
p. 4. TS CODEWORD.
Mozhaysk Folder No. 1, "RADM Rickover's Comments
Concerning the Unidentified Installation at Mozhaysk."
148. See reference 37, above, p. 4.
149. CIA/HTA Consultants Handbook: Unidentified Construc-
tion Project Near Mozhaysk, USSR. TS.
150. See reference 144, above.
151. Monthly Report of the Industrial Branch, Jan 57, p.
1. TS CODEWORD CIA IUO.
152. Monthly Report of the Technical Intelligence Branch,
Jan 57, p. 1. S CODEWORD.
153. GMIC-JAEIC Joint GMIC/JAEIC PreZiminar Assessment
of the Mozhaysk Site, 29 Jan 57, TS
CODEWORD.
154. Ibid.
25X1
25X1
155. Mozhaysk Folder No. 2, "Wintertime Covers e
mn h- Construction Complex," 24 Jan 57, 25X1
TS CODEWORD. 25X1
156. Ibid.
158. Memo, for Bissell. sub: Conclusions of Con- 25X1
sultant Panel, 12 Mar 57, TS CODEWORD. 25X1
157. Memo for (list of prospective consultants),
sub: Conference of 7 Mar 57.
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159. Agenda for Consultant Meeting in DCI Conference
Room, 7 Mar 57.
160. Interview, Arthur C. Lundahl with author, 16 Nov
71, pp. 7, 8. TS CODEWORD.
161. Interview, with author, Jul 71. (No
written record.)
57,
Committee, sub:
162. Memo
for Chairman, Intelligence Advisory
Consultant Panel Meeting, 22 Mar
TS CODEWORD.
163. Memo for the Record, 10 Feb 59, sub: Report by
on the
Functions of the Installations at Malaya Sazanka,
Mozhaysk, Valday, Ugolniye Kopi and Olenya. TS
CODEWORD.
?
164. See reference 118, 119, 120, above.
in Projec
165. Memo, Guthe for Chief, Psychological and Para-
military S ff DDP 17 Jan 57, sub: Participation
Florid--
Memo,
166. Memo, , O/Ch/G, 4 Feb 57,
sub: Expenses and Itinerary o Trip to Eglin Field,
, O/Ch/G, 4 Feb 57, 25X1
sub: Expenses and Itinerary of Trip to Eglin AFB,
Florida.
Memo, , O/Ch/G, 18 Feb 57, 25X1
sub: Expenses and Itinerary of Trip to Eglin AFB,
Florida.
Memo, , O/Ch/G, 18 Feb 57, 25X1
sub: Expenses and Itinerary of Trip to Eglin AFB,
Florida.
Memo, O/Ch/G, 19 Feb 57, 25X1
sub: Expenses and Itinerary of Trip to Eglin AFB,
Florida.
Memo, O/Ch/G, 11 Mar 57, 25X1
sub: Expenses and Itinerary of Trip to Eglin AFB,
Florida.
Memo, O/Ch/G, 11 Mar 57, 25X1
sub: Expenses and Itinerary of Trip to Eglin, AFB.
Memo, O/Ch/G, 12 Mar 57, 25X1
sub: Expenses and Itinerary o rip to Eglin AFB,
Florida.
?
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Memo, O/Ch/G, 1 Apr 57,
sub: Expenses and Itinerary of Trip to Eglin AFB,
Florida.
Memo O/Ch/G, 3 Apr 57,
sub: Expenses and-Itinerary o Trip to Eglin AFB,
Florida.
1. TS.
167. Interview,) with author, 20 Jul 71, p.
168. See reference 46, above, pp. 14, 15.
169. See reference 46, above, pp. 17, 18.
170. See reference 25, above, pp. llff.
171. Memo, Reber for Bissell, 27 Mar 57, sub: Highest
and High Priority Targets for Western USSR, the
Far East, andaurespean Satellites. S CODEWORD.
172. Minutes of the HTA Staff Meeting, 1 Feb 57, p. 2.
173. Memo, for Lundahl, 15 Aug 56, sub: Field
Inspection of Nuclear Energy Installations.
? 174. Memo, 24 Apr 57, sub: Report
of Trip to Guided Missile and Atomic Energy In-
stallations. S CODEWORD.
175. Memo, 29 Jul 57, sub: Report of
Field Trip to Guided Missile Facilities. S CODEWORD.
176. Monthly Report for the Photo Intelligence Division,
May 57, p. 3.
177. Monthly Report for the Photo Intelligence Division,
Jul 57, p. 3.
178. See reference 176, above.
179. Monthly Report for the Photo Intelligence Division,
Jun 57, p. 3.
?
180. Monthly Report for the Special Projects Branch,
Jul 57.
Monthly Report for the Technical Intelligence Branch,
Jul 57, p. 2.
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181. Monthly Report for the Photo Intelligence Division,
Mar 57, p. 3.
182. See reference 176, above.
183. Monthly Report for the Photo Intelligence Division,
Apr 57, p. 3.
See reference 176, above.
Monthly Report for the Special Projects Branch, Jun
184. See reference 179, above.
185. Minutes of the Geographic Research Area Staff
Meeting, 13 May 57.
186. Monthly Report for the Photo Intelligence Division,
Aug 57, p. 2.
187.
188.
189.
?
See reference 177,
See reference 185,
Monthly Report for
Apr 57, p. 2.
See reference 176,
See reference 179,
See reference 177,
190. Monthly Report for
Apr 57, p. 2.
See reference 176,
raphy,t' Photogrammetric Engineering, Vol. XXIII,
No. 1, Mar 57, pp. 157-161. U.
191. See reference 167, above, p.
Intelligence Division,
2.
4.
192. Memo,l 110 Jun 57, sub: Status
Report for the Statistical Branch, May 57. S CODEWORD.
194. See reference 124, above, p. 5.
195. Memo, Lundahl fog{ I16 May 57, sub: Justi-
fication for Alwac III-E Electronic Computer. EYES
ONLY.
?
above, p. 2.
above.
the Photo Intelligence Division,
above, p. 2.
above, p. 2.
above, p. 2.
the Photo
above, p.
"A New Team of Projection Printers
for Rectifying 9-Inch by 18-Inch High Tilt Photog-
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196.
Ibid.
197.
See reference 124, above, p. 5.
198.
See reference 195, above.
199.
See reference 124, above, pp. 4, 5.
200.
Memo,
, 6 May 57, sub: Mini-
card Tests.
201.
Ibid.
202.
See reference 137, above, pp. 4, 5.
203.
Memo, Lundahl for Deputy Chief, OCR/SR, 6 May 57,
sub: Assistance in Development of Stereoscopic
Scanner for Aerial Film. C.
204.
Monthly Report of the Support Staff, Jun 57, p. 1.
S CODEWORD.
205.
Monthly Report of the Support Staff, Jul 57, p. 1.
S CODEWORD.
?
206.
Monthly Reports of the Industrial Branch, Feb 57 and
Apr 57. TS CODEWORD CIA IUO.
207.
Monthly Reports of the Geographic Branch, Apr 57 and
Jun 57, p. 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
208.
Monthly Report of the Industrial Branch, Jul 57,
p. 1. TS CODEWORD CIA IUO.
209.
Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Jul 57,
p. 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
210.
See reference 207, above.
211.
See reference 209, above.
212.
Monthly Report of the Support Staff, Jun 57, p. 2.
S CODEWORD.
213.
Monthly Report of the Industrial Branch, May 57,
p. 2. TS CODEWORD.
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214. Monthly Report of the Industrial Branch, Jun 57,
p. 2. TS CODEWORD CIA IUO.
215. Memo, for AD/OSI, 21 May 57, sub: Comments
Concerning the ATIC Report Titled "A Theory on the
Identity of the Mozhaysk Installation" May 1957,
TS CODEWORD.
?
216. Ibid.
217. Memo,l for Lundahl, 20 Jun 57, sub: Ramo- 25X1
Wooldridge Studies. S CIA IUO.
218. See reference 208, above, p. 2.
219. CIA/HTA M-13-57, 29 Apr 57, Probable Missile Launching
Installation Near Balaklava, USSR. TS CODEWORD.
CIA/HTA I-A6, 21 Sep 56, Probable Missile Site and/or
Test Installation. TS CODEWORD.
220. CIA/HTA M-35-57, 18 Sep 57, Unidentified Installa-
tion Near Karangit, USSR. TS CODEWORD.
221. John D. Morris. "President Signs Mideast Doctrine,"
New York Times, 10 Mar 57, p. 1. U.
222. Monthly Report of the Special Projects Branch,
June 57.
223. Memo, Reber for Bissell 13 May 57, sub: Comparative
Film Processing Study, TS CODEWORD. 25X1
224. Memo, Bissell for Reber, 28 Jun 57, sub: Review of
the Necessity for Continuation of Eastman Kodak
Processing in Whole or in Part TS 25X1
225. Memo for the record, 25 Jul 57, sub: Visit to East-
man on 24 Jul 57, SAPC-17907.
226. Memo for Project Director of Operations, 25X1
25 Jul 57, sub: Use of A-2 or B Configuration,
HTA/OC 67-57.
227. Minutes of the Ad Hoc Requirements Committee, 16 Aug
57, (ARC-M-49). TS CODEWORD.
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?
tographic Intelligence at the IAC Level,
TS.
228. Memo, Lundahl) _I 21 May 54, sub; Papers
Suggesting Idealizations and Difficulties of the
Present U.S. Photographic Intelligence System.
229. Memo, Lundahl 25 Sep 54, sub: Desir-
ability of Establishing a Sub-Committee on Pho-_
J 15 May 57, sub: Implementation of
ORR's Coordinating Responsibilities. S CIA IUO.
25X1
25X1
232. Memo, Reber for 23 Apr 57, sub: HTA and Mr. 25X1
Arthur C. Lundahl, ER-9-2794.
233. Memo, Lundahl
1957,
3 Jul 57, sub: Briefing
at HTA on 25-26 June
(HTA/OC-61-57). TS CODEWORD.
234. Memo,) 110 Jul 57, sub: Status
Report for the Statistical Branch - June 1957. S
CODEWORD.
235. See reference 172, above.
24 Jun 57, sub: Estimated Personnel Requirements
for Sov Bloc Branch.
237. Memo, for Lundahl, Stallings,
236. Memo,) Ifor Lundahl,28 Jun 57, sub: Branch
Reorganization Plan. No classification.
238. Memo,) for Lundahl, 21 Jun 57, sub: Sug-
gestions Concerning Reorganization. S CIA IUO.
239. Monthly Report of the Industrial Branch, Jun 57,
p. 1. TS CODEWORD CIA IUO.
See reference 238, above.
241. Ibid.
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
242. Memo,) 28 Jun 57, sub: HTAUTOMAT 25X1
Chart and Security Office Responsibility, 25X1
S CODEWORD.
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?
243. Minutes of the HTA Staff Meeting, 12 Jul 57, p.
1.
244. Monthly Report of the Technical Intelligence
Branch, Jul 57, p. 2.
245. Minutes of the HTA Staff Meeting, 26 Jul 57, p. 1.
246. See reference 209, above.
247. Minutes of the AQUATONE Staff Meeting, 23 Jul 57,
p. 1, TS 164269. TS.
248. CIA/NPIC Mission Folders for:
B 4035, 5 Aug 57
B 4036, 5 Aug 57
B 4039, 12 Aug 57
B 4045, 21 Aug 57
B 4048, 21 Aug 57
B 4049, 22 Aug 57
B 4050, 22 Aug 57
B 4058, 28 Aug 57
B 4059, 10 Sep 57
C 6008, 16 Sep 57
A 2040, 13 Oct 57
Filed in Production Services Group, NPIC.
TS CODEWORD.
249. NPIC Technical Services Group, Collection Systems
Branch, Aircraft Missions History (Looseleaf), n.p.
(This is a working and reference volume maintained
by the component indicated. It is not included in
the NPIC Historical Collection.) TS CODEWORD.
250. CIA/NPIC Mission Folder for B 4059, filed in Pro-
duction Services Group, NPIC. TS CODEWORD.
Collection Systems Branch, NPIC TSG.
251. Response to a question from
252. Ibid.
253. See reference 243, above.
chief ,
254. Meno,, Lundahl fo* P Jan 58, sub: Withholding 25X1
of Periodic Step Increase, 25X1
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255. Photogrammetric Engineering, Vol XXXVII, No.
Jan 71, p. 41. U.
256. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Dec 57,
p. 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
257. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Jan 58,
p. 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
258. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Jul 57,
p. 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
Monthly Report of the Military-Scientific Branch,
Jul 57, p. 1. TS CODEWORD.
259. See reference 244, above.
260. Memo,l for AD/OCR, 13 Sep 57, sub: Status
Report for the Statistical Branch - Aug 57, pp. 1,
2. S CODEWORD.
Memo,O for AD/OCR, 8 Oct 57, sub: Status
Report for the Statistical Branch - Sep 57, p. 1.
S CODEWORD.
261. Ibid., p. 2 in both documents.
262. Monthly Report of the Support Staff, Aug 57, p. 2.
No classification.
263. Memo,l Ifor AD/OCR, 13 Sep 57, sub: Status
Report for the Statistical Branch - Aug 57, p. 1.
S CODEWORD.
264. Ibid., Annex B.
265. Ibid., p. 3.
266. Monthly Report of the Technical Intelligence
(Services) Branch, Aug 57. TS CODEWORD.
267. Memo,l for AD/OCR, 8 Oct 57, sub: Status
Report for the Statistical Branch - Sep 57, p. 4.
S CODEWORD.
268. Minutes of the HTA Staff Meeting, 6 Sep 57, p. 1.
269. Interview, Arthur C. Lundahl with author, 16 May 71,
pp. 7ff. TS CODEWORD.
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?
?
270. See reference 262, above.
271. Monthly Report of the Support Staff, Jul 57, p. 2.
S CODEWORD.
272. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Aug 57,
pp. 1, 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
273. Ibid.
274. Minutes of the Utilization Advisory Board Meeting,
5 Aug 57, p. 2, S CODEWORD.
275. See reference 262, above.
276. Monthly Report of the Technical Intelligence (Ser-
vices) Branch, Jul 57, p. 1. TS CODEWORD.
277. See reference 266, above, p. 2.
Report
278. Monthly Report of the Technical Intelligence (Ser-
vices) Branch, Sep 57, p. 2. TS CODEWORD.
Memo, 18 Sep 57, sub:
of Expenses.
279. Memo Ifor Lundahl, 19 Jul 57, sub: Air
Photo Missions.
280. Monthly Report for the Photo Intelligence Division,
Aug 57, p. 2.
281. Progress Report of the Geographic Area, ORR, Aug 57,
p. 3.
282. See reference 280, above.
283. Monthly Report for the Photo Intelligence Division,
Sep 57, p. 2.
284. CIA/ORR PIM-2, Sep 57, A Guide to the CoZZection of
Ground InteZZigence Photography on Ports and Har-
bors. C.
285. Memo 3 Jun 53, sub: Guidance 25X1
in Re uirements for Ground Photography.
Memo, 30 Jun 53, sub: Guidance 25X1
in Requirements for Ground Photography.
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286. Memo, 12 Aug 57, sub: Report of 25X1
Trip to Hycon Manufacturing Co., Telecomputing Corp.,
Chicago Aerial Industries, and Acme Teletronix,
Inc., (HTA-OC-71-57). S CODEWORD. 25X1
287. See reference 283, above.
288. See reference 268, above.
289. See reference 283, above.
290. Memo, Lundahl for all Branch Chiefs, 29 Aug 57, sub:
Weekly Status Report. C.
291. Memo, Lundahl for 28 Oct 57, sub: Request 25X1
for Personnel Ceiling Increase.
292. See reference 263, above, p. 4.
293.
294.
295.
296.
See reference 14, above, p. 10.
See reference 291, above.
See reference 263, above, p. 4.
Memo, for Acting DD/Intelligence, 10 Aug 53,
sub: Organizational and Production Problems Re-
sultin from Personnel Ceiling of 890 for ORR.
Memo, ~for Area Chiefs and OAD Staff Chiefs,
22 Aug 55, sub: Reduction in Personnel Ceiling
for Fiscal Year 1956.
297. Monthly Report of the Military-Scientific Branch,
Sep 57, p. 1. TS CODEWORD.
298. HTA/MSB Attachment to Notice No. 2, 25 Sep 57. TS
CODEWORD.
299. See reference 297, above.
300. Memo, Lundahl for Principals of Operation JAM SES-
SION, 24 Sep 57, sub: Working and Consultation Time
Schedule Operation JAM SESSION. TS CODEWORD.
301. Monthly Report of the Military-Scientific Branch,
Oct 57, p. 1. S CIA IUO.
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302. CIA Atomic Energy Activities at Berezki, North of
Tomsk in Mid-Siberia, Draft 1, pp. 21-22, 21 Sep
59,F ~ TS CODEWORD.
303. CIA/HTA JR-1-58, 28 Feb 58, Tomsk Atomic Energy
Installation. TS CODEWORD.
304. Memo,l I[sic] for AD/OCR, 19 Nov 57, sub:
Status Report for the Statistical Division [sic],
October 1957, p. 2. TS CODEWORD.
305. "Text of Satellite Report," New York Times, 5 Oct
57, p. 3. U.
306. Guided Missile Intelligence Committee. Report of
the Special Engineering Analysis Group, 27 Nov 57,
p. i., TS CODEWORD.
307. "Texts of the Moscow Announcements on Satellite,"
New York Times, 4 Nov 57, p. 8. U.
308. CIA/HTA B-89-57, 23 Aug 57, Tyura Tam Guided Missile
Range Head. TS CODEWORD.
309. CIA/HTA JR-4-58, Sep 58, Missile Launching Complex
and Test Range, Tyura Tam, USSR. TS CODEWORD.
310. Memo, Lundahl for Amory, 15 Oct 57, sub: TALENT
Annex to the Semi-Annual Report to the President's
Board, p. 1., TS CODEWORD.
See reference 306, above, p. 14.
311 SIC Mission Folder for B 4059, 10 Sep 57. TS
CODEWORD.
312. See reference 306, above.
313. CIA/HTA Joint (Army, Navy, CIA) Preliminary In-
telligence Study: Kapustin Yar, (5 Vol), n.d.,
TS CODEWORD.
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314. Monthly Report of the Military-Scientific Branch,
Dec 57, p. 1. S CODEWORD.
315. Minutes of the HTA Staff Meeting, 6 Dec 57, p. 2.
S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
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to the Success of Operation JAM SESSION,
316. Memo for All Participants in Operation
JAM SESSION, 18 Dec 57, sub: Your Contribution
TS CODEWORD.
for
A. C. Lundahl, 6 Dec 57. C.
317. Letter;
318. Letter
for Lundahl, 23 Dec 57. C.
319. Memo, for Lundahl, 11 Feb 58,
sub: Contributions of HTA During JAM SESSION. C.
320. Letter to Lundahl, 3 Oct 57, sub:
Letter of Appreciation. U.
Memo, Lundahl for AD/RR, 3 Dec 57, sub: Commenda-
tions Received from the Joint Chiefs of Staff.
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
25X1
Memo. Lundahl fob I29 Nov 57, sub: Lundahl
and 16 to 22 Nov 57,
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322. Minutes of the HTA Staff Meeting, 13 Dec 57, p. 1.
S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
323. Letter, 20 Nov 57, sub: 25X1
Appreciation for the Lundahl Briefing. TS and Per-
sonal.
324. Letter for Lundahl 29 Nov 57,
sub: Appreciation for the Briefing U.
S CODEWORD.
25X1
LOA I
325. Letter,l Ifor Allen W. Dulles, 26 Nov 25X1
57, sub: Appreciation for 25X1
326. Memo, Allen W. Dulles for Lundahl, 11 Dec 57, sub:
Letter of Appreciation.
327. Memo, Reber for 31 Oct 57, sub: Briefing 25X1
Tour of European Theater Commands, 25X1
Project AQUATONE, 7 Nov 57, pp. 1, 2,
S CODEWORD.
328. See reference 304, above, p. 4.
329. Minutes of the Ad Hoc Requirements Committee on
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330. Letter) Ifor Lundahl, 20 Dec 57, sub:
Points of Difference Between Material in Briefing
and Positions of OSI, TS CODEWORD.
331. Memo for the record, 16 Mar 73, sub: Conversation
with Concerning DGP/OSB Work.
Memo for the record, 19 Mar 73, sub: Conversation
with oncerning DGP/OSB Work.
332. Minutes of the Geographic Research Area Staff
Meeting, 25 Feb 58.
333. Memo 6 Sep 57, sub: SENSINT
Control System Implementation, CST 571. S CODEWORD.
334. Memo,) 29 Oct 57, sub: SENSINT 25X1
Control System Implementation, CST 688. S CODEWORD.
335. Memo, 24 Oct 57, sub: General 25X1
Lewis 6 September 195"emorandum, subject: SEN-
SINT Control System Implementation, CST 633.
S CODEWORD.
336. Monthly Reports of the Geographic Branch, Sep 57,
Oct 57, Nov 57. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
25X1
25X1
337. Monthly Report of the Central Branch, Nov 57.
338. Memo 18 Dec 57, sub: Pro- 25X1
ject Initiation Memorandum: Sibolga, Indonesia,
and Vicinity.
tography,
S CODEWORD.
339. Memo,) I, 25 Sep 57,
sub: Meeting to Evaluate Existing Photography,
SAPC 19486.
Memo, Lundahl for Bissell, 26 Sep 57, sub: 2 October
Meeting for the Purpose of Evaluating Existing Pho-
CIA/HTA Program-Proposed Discussion Outline, 2 Oct
57. No classification.
340. Memo for the record, 14 Oct 57, sub: Report of
Photographic Suppliers Meeting Held at Boston,
Mass. on 9 October 1957.
Memo, for Lundahl, 15 Oct 57, sub: Trip 25X1
Report - 9 Oct Suppliers Meeting at Boston (Pho-
tographic Configurations - related matters) 25X1
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TS CODEWORD. 25X1
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341. Minutes of the HTA Staff, 6 Sep 57, p. 1.
See referance 283, above, p. 1.
342. Interview,) with author, 11 Jul 72,
pp. 4-7. TS CODEWORD.
343. Monthly Reports of the Technical Intelligence
(Services) Branch, Oct and Nov 57, p. 1. TS CODE-
WORD.
344. See reference 342, above.
345. Ibid., pp. 16, 17.
346. Monthly Reports of the Technical Intelligence (Ser-
vices) Branch, Nov and Dec 57, p. 1. TS CODEWORD.
347. See reference 342, above, p. 21.
348. See reference 267, above, p. 1.
349. Monthly Report of the Support Staff, Nov 57, p. 3.
S CODEWORD.
350. See reference 290, above.
351. Monthly Report of the Support Staff, Dec 57, p. 2.
S CODEWORD.
352. See reference 349, above, p. 1.
353. See reference 304, above, p. 5.
354. OCR/SB December (1957) Status Report Supplement,
p. 1, TS CODEWORD.
355. Memo, Borel for Amory, 23 Oct 57, sub: Proposed
Organizational Changes in Statistical Branch.
356. Draft memo, no signature line, for Amory, 26 Sep 57,
sub: Division Status for the Statistical Branch,
SR/CR. No classification.
357. See reference 291, above.
358. Monthly Report of the Military-Scientific Branch,
Dec 57, p. 1. S CODEWORD.
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361. Memo, for Chairman JAEIC, 17 Dec 57, 25X1
sub: Progress Report on JAEIC Working Group, Ex-
ploitation of TALENT Material: Novosibirsk, 25X1
TS CODEWORD. 25X1
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364. See reference 361, above.
365. Monthly Report of the Military-Scientific Branch,
Feb 58, p. 1. TS CODEWORD.
366.1 25X1
367. See reference 330, above.
368. See reference 330, above.
369. Interview, Arthur C. Lundahl with author, 16 May 72,
pp. 23, 24. TS CODEWORD.
370. Ibid., pp. 25, 26.
371. Letter to Dulles, 8 Mar 58, sub: 25X1
Briefing by Lundahl. C.
372. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Dec 57,
pp. 1, 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
373. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Jan 58,
pp. 1, 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
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374. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Feb 58,
pp. 1, 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
375. Monthly Report of the Central Branch, Dec 57, p. 1.
Monthly Report of the Central Branch, Jan 58, p. 1.
376. Monthly Report of the Central Branch, Mar 58, p. 1.
377. Monthly Report of the Central Branch, Feb 58, p. 1.
378. Memo, Support Staff for all branches, n.d., sub:
Procedures Governing the Establishment, Assign-
ment, Progress Reporting and Final Disposition of
HTAUTOMAT Projects. No classification.
Memo,
19 Feb 58, sub: Procedures Proposed for Han ing
of HTAUTOMAT Projects.
380. Memo,l 24 Feb 58, sub: Comments as 25X1
Requested on Support Staff Memo on Procedures for
Handling HTA Projects.
381. Memo for all MSB Personnel and Joint PI 25X1
Team Participants, 26 Feb 58, sub: Use of Attached
"Graphics Request and Project Report."
382. Monthly Report of the Support Staff, Dec 57, p. 4.
S CODEWORD.
Monthly Report of the Photo Intelligence Division,
Dec 57, p. 2.
383. Memo, or AD/CR, sub: Status Report for 25X1
the Statistica ivision, OCR, Dec 57, p. 2.
384. Memo, for AD/CR, sub: Status Report for
the Statistica Division, OCR - Feb 1958, p. 2.
385. See reference 379, above, p. 1.
386. See reference 380, above.
387. See reference 380, above, p. 1.
Memo, or AD/CR, sub: Status Report for
the Statistical Division, OCR - Mar 1958, p. 2.
388. See reference 379, above.
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393. Memo for AD/CR, sub: Status Report for
the Statistical Division, OCR, Jan 1958, p. 2.
394. Monthly Report of the Industrial [sic] Branch, Jan
58, p. 1.
395. Monthly Report of the Special Projects [sic] Branch,
Jan 58, p. 1.
389. See reference 380, above.
390. See reference 379, above.
391. See reference 380, above.
392. March (1958) Status Report Supplement
to AD/CR), p. 3. S CODEWORD.
396. CIA/HS National Photographic Interpretation Center;
Antecedents and Early Years 1952-56, (The DDI
Historical Series, NPIC-2), Dec 72, pp. 139ff.
397. See reference 322, above.
398. CIA/OCR Notice CR 20-190-9, 13 Nov 57. OUO.
399. See reference 383, above, p. 1.
400. Memo,l 116 Jan 58 [sic], sub: Re- 25X1
organization of Statistical Branch, Special Register,
Office of Special Reference.
401. See reference 322, above, p. 2.
402. Memo, or Lundahl, 3 Jan 55, sub: In- 25X1
crease in T /O or Project HTAUTOMAT.
403. Monthly Report of the Technical Intelligence (Ser-
vices) Branch, Jan 58, p. 1. TS CODEWORD.
404. Monthly Report of the Technical Intelligence (Ser-
vices) Branch, Feb 58, p. 1. TS CODEWORD.
405. Monthly Report of the Technical Intelligence (Ser-
vices) Branch, Mar 58, p. 1. TS CODEWORD.
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406. Monthly Report of the Technical Intelligence (Ser-
vices) Branch, May 58, p. 1. S CODEWORD.
Monthly Report of the Special Projects Branch [sic],
May 58, p. 1. S CODEWORD.
407. Memofor Lundahl, 20 Jan 58, sub: Pro- 25X1
posals Concerning the Reorganization of the Photo
Intelligence Division. S EYES ONLY.
408. Monthly Report of the Photo Intelligence Division,
Jan 58, p. 3.
409. See reference 407, above, p. 1.
410. Memo, Lundahl for ~ 7 Mar 58, sub: Proposal
for the Establishment of the Photographic Intelli"
gence Center, TS CODEWORD.
411. Monthly Report of the Photo Intelligence Division,
Mar 58, p. 2.
412. See reference 298, above.
413. Memo, 7 May 58, sub: Items for 25X1
Consideration in Establishing Directives for HTA
Reporting, Joint Reporting, Priorities, etc.,
(HTA/MSB/39/58). S CIA IUO.
Staff, HTA, 17 May
port. S CIA IUO.
414. Monthly Reports of the Military-Scientific Branch,
Apr and May 58, p. 1.
415. Memo and the Editorial 25X1
416. Memo, Lundahl
Briefing Trip,
58,
Completion of KY Re-
Mar 58, sub: European
TS CODEWORD.
417. Interview, Arthur C. Lundahl with author, 11 Jan 71,
pp. 1, 2. TS CODEWORD.
418. Memo, Lundahl for Dulles, 9 Apr 58, sub: Comments
during our Briefing of him on
17 March 1958. S EYES ONLY.
See reference 416, above.
?
419. See reference 417, above, pp. 3-6.
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420. See reference 416, above.
421. Memo for the record, 8 Jul 58, sub: Plans
for riefing, S Co
Memo for the record, 11 Jun 73, sub: The
Briefing of 11 July 1958.
423. See reference 421, above.
424. See reference 422, above.
425. Monthly Report of the Military-Scientific Branch,
May 58, p. 1. S CODEWORD.
426. Interview,
72, pp. 15-17.
25X1
,)tix1
25X1
with author, 21 Nov 25X1
427. 25X1
?
429. See reference 426, above, pp. 19, 20.
430. See reference 428, above, p. 2.
431. Monthly Report of the Military-Scientific Branch,
Jul 58, p. 1.
432. See reference 425, above.
433. See reference 431, above.
434. Monthly Report of the Military-Scientific Branch,
Apr 58, p. 1.
435. Memo, 28 May 58, sub: Report on 25X1
Mining and Milling Field Trip.
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436. Memo, ~ for Lundahl, 23 May 58, sub: Recom-
mendations Following Guided Missile Trip. S CIA IUO.
437. Memo, 0 for Lundahl, 27 May 58, sub: AE, GM, 25X1
BW Field Trip.
Monthly Report of the Military-Scientific Branch,
Jun 58, p. 1. S CODEWORD.
7 May 58, sub: JAEIC Consultants' Meetings.
438. Memo,
439. See reference 425, above, p. 1.
441. See reference 438, above.
442. CIA/HTA Mining and Milling, Soviet Bloc. 9 Jun 58,
TS CODEWORD.
?
?
443. CIA/OSI Transcript of Consultant Meetings on Mining
and Milling of Uranif,erous ores in the Soviet Bloc.
Section D, 19 Jun 58, TS CODEWORD. 25X1
444,. Monthly Report of the Military-Scientific Branch,
Jun 58, p. 1. S CODEWORD.
445. 25X1
446. CIA/HTA MCS-2-58, 31 Mar 58, Joint Mission Coverage
Summary, Mission C 6011. TS CODEWORD.
447. Monthly Reports of the Geographic Branch, Mar-Jun 58,
p. 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
448. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, May 58,
p. 3. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
449. Monthly Reports of the Geographic Branch, Mar and
Apr 58, p. 1. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
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450. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Apr 58',
p. 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
451. CIA/HTA Bi-Weekly Project Status Report, 29 May 58,
p. 4. S CODEWORD.
452. See reference 450, above.
CIA/HTA Answers to Requirements Submitted in Travel
Folder Brief of Komsomolsk, USSR, 6 May 58. TS
CODEWORD.
453. Monthly Report of the Geographic Branch, Jun [sic]
58, p. 2. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
454. Monthly Reports of the Geographic Branch, May and
Jun 58, p. 1. S CODEWORD CIA IUO.
455. See reference 449, above.
456. See reference 392, above, pp. 1, 2.
457. See reference 448, above, p. 2.
458. See reference 131, above.
459. See reference 453, above.
460. CIA/HTA Bi-Weekly Project Status Report, 30 Apr 58,
pp. 3, 4. S CODEWORD.
461. See reference 131, above.
462. "World Affairs: Middle East," Facts on FiZe, Vol.
XVIII, No. 924, 10-16 Jul 58, p. 225. U.
463. See reference 131, above.
464. Procedural Memorandum, Lundahl for All Branches,
HTAUTOMAT, 10 Apr 58, sub: Procedures Governing the
Establishment, Assignment, Progress Reporting and
Final Disposition of HTAUTOMAT Projects.
465. See reference 378, above.
466. See reference 380, above.
467. Procedural Memorandum, Lundahl for All Branches,
HTAUTOMAT, 28 May 58, sub: Procedures Governing the
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Preparation and Publication of HTAUTOMAT Photo-
graphic Intelligence Reports.
468. Memo for Lundahl, attn:0 7 May 58,
sub: Items for Consideration in Establishing
Directives for HTA Reporting, Joint Reporting,
Priorities, etc. S CIA IUO.
469. Procedural Memorandum, Lundahl for All Branches,
HTAUTOMAT, 3 Jun 58, sub: Priority Designation. C.
470. Memo, Lundahl, for
PIC Divisions and Military Liaison Offices, 15 Jul
58, sub: Establishment of the Photographic Intel-
ligence Center (HTAUTOMAT) Joint Project Require-
ments Committee.
471. Memo, Lundahl,) ` for
All Divisions and Military Liaison offices, 15 Jul
58, sub: Procedures Governing the Preparation and
Publication of Joint Photographic Intelligence Re-
ports.
472. Monthly Reports of the Technical Intelligence (Ser-
vices) Branch, Apr, TS CODEWORD, and May 58,
S CODEWORD.
473.1 I Introduction (draft) to a
projected paper entitled "The High Precision Stereo-
comparator." (Unpublished). No classification.
474. Memo for the record, 13 Jul 73, sub: Identifica-
tion of the Mann Comparator First Used with the
TELECORDEX. C.
475. Monthly Report of the Technical Intelligence (Ser-
vices) Branch, May 58, p. 1. S CODEWORD.
Memo, 11 Jun 58, sub: Receipt of
TELEC C.
476. Memo) ~ 2 Aug 57, sub: Report of
Trip to Hycon Manufacturing Co., Telecomputing
Corp., Chicago Aerial Industries, and Acme Tele-
tronix, Inc., p. 2.
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477. Memo, Lundahl for Chief, Business Machines Services,
Management Staff, 28 Mar 58, sub: Justification for
Purchase of Additional Equipment for the Project
HTAUTOMAT Computing Facility.
478. Memo, Lundahl for Chief, Administrative Staff, ORR,
31 Mar 58, sub: Renewal of Service Contract for
Maintenance of the ALWAC III-E Computer.
479. Monthly Report of the Technical Intelligence (Ser-
vices) Branch, May 58, p. 1. S CODEWORD.
480. Memo, Lundahl for ~ 15 Oct 57, sub: Trip to
the Strategic Air Command, Offutt AFB, Omaha,
Nebraska.
481. Monthly Report of the Photo Intelligence Division,
May 58, p. 4.
482. See reference 342, above, p. 15.
483. Memo,l 126 May 58, sub;
Visit of SAC Personnel to HTA. C.
National Photographic Interpreta-
tion Center Relationships with Foreign Governments
(First Draft), p. 38. TS CODEWORD.
487. 25X1
488.
489.
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s
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491. CIA Notice No. 1-130-5, "Office of the Deputy
Director (Intelligence): Photographic Intelligence
Center," 19 Aug 58.
for Comptroller, 31 Jul 58, sub: 25X1
492. Memo (draft),
Establishment of the Photographic Intelligence
Center, Depu Director (Intelligence) Area.
Memo (draft) 31 Jul 58, sub: 25X1
Establishment of the Photographic Intelligence
Center.
493. Memo 15 Jul 58, sub: Photo- 25X1
graphic Intelligence Center Table of Organization.
494. Memo, Lundahl for Bissell, 18 Aug 58, sub: Follow-
up on our Discussion of 117L Advisory Committee
Meeting in Los Angeles.
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