SOVIET-U.S. BILATERAL AGREEMENTS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP05T00644R000601670001-4
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: T
• Document Page Count: 13
• Document Creation Date: December 22, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 10, 2009
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: June 6, 1977
• Content Type: MEMO

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Iq
STAT
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THE DIRECTOR OF CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE
National Intelligence Officers
MEMORANDUM FOR: Director of Central Intelligence
NFAC #2545-78
20 June 1978
VIA : Robert R. Bowie
Director, National Foreign Assessment Center
FROM : Arnold L. Horelick
National Intelligence Officer for USSR-EE
SUBJECT : Soviet-U.S. Bilateral Agreements
1. Action Requested: None; for your information in response
to your request via for a list of major Soviet-U.S.
bilateral agreements an some commentary on why the 17 June Pravda
commentary voiced distress at the omission of two of these from the
President's 7 June Annapolis speech.
PROD
Bilateral
Agreements
CONFIDENTIAL
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Selected US-Soviet Bilateral Treaties and
Agreements Concluded Since 1971
Signed May 1972 Joint Declaration of Basic Principles of
Relations between the US and the USSR
Summit commitment, inter alia, that
-- despite ideological and social differences,
US-Soviet relations should be based on
sovereignty, equality, non-interference
in internal affairs and mutual advantage
-- peaceful coexistence
-- avoidance of military confrontation
--implement bilateral and multi-lateral agreements
-- further summit meetings as necessary and to
increased legislative contacts
-- arms limitation
-- commercial and economic ties
-- scientific and technical cooperation
-- cultural exchanges
Signed and entered Agreement on the Prevention of Nuclear War
into force June 1973
(Unlimited duration) -- Outlines the general conduct of both countries
toward each other and toward third countries
regarding avoidance of nuclear war
Arms Control
Signed and entered Agreement on Measures to Reduce the Risk of
into force September 1971 Outbreak of Nuclear War between the US and
(Unlimited duration) the USSR
-- Pledges mutual efforts to improve safeguards
against accidental or unauthorized use of
nuclear weapons
-- Provides for immediate notification in the
event of accidental or unexplained incident
risking nuclear war
-- Requires advance notification of planned
missile launches beyond the territory of
the launching state in the direction of the
other state
Signed May 1972 ABM Treaty
Entered into force
October 1972 -- Prescribes treaty review every five years
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Date
(Unlimited duration)
Signed May 1972
Entered into force
October 1972,
.Expired October
1977
Signed and entered
into force May 1972
(Three-year duration,
automatically renewed
for successive three-
year periods)
Signed July 1974
Submitted to Senate
July 1976; not yet
ratified (Five-year
term with successive
five-year extensions)
-- 1974 protocol reduced permitted ABM
deployment areas from two to one site
for each side
-- Provides for a Standing Consultative Commission
Interim Agreement on Limitations of Strategic
Offensive Arms
-- Both parties have said they will continue to
abide by the terms of the Interim Agreement
pending a SALT II agreement
Agreement on the Prevention of Incidents On
and Over the High Seas
Treaty and Protocol on the Limitation of
Underground Nuclear Weapon Tests (Threshold
Test Ban Treaty -- TTBT)
-- May be superseded by a comprehensive nuclear
test ban
-- Pending TTBT ratification, both parties have
said they will observe the terms of the Treaty
-- Prohibits nuclear tests yielding
greater than 150 kilotons
-- Protocol provides for technical data exchange
2
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Date
Signed and
entered into
force June 1973
(Five-year dura-
tion, extension
being negotiated)
Signed and
entered into
force May 1977
(Five-year dura-
tion, extendable
by mutual agree-
ment)
Signed and
entered into
force July 1977
(Five-year
duration, ex-
tendable by
mutual agree-
ment)
Signed and
entered into
force June 1973
.(Expires December
1979, extendable
by mutual
agreement)
Agreement on Cooperation in Studies of
the World Ocean
-US has proposed 180-day interim
extention of agreement, withholding
three-year extension pending improved
Soviet performance
Agreement Concerning Cooperation in the
Exploration and Use of Outer Space for
Peaceful Purposes
Agreement on Cooperation in the Fields of
Science and Technology
--Umbrella agreement, establishing a-Joint
Commission on Scientific and Technical
Cooperation
Cultural
General Agreement on Contacts, Exchanges,
and Cooperation in Scientific, Technical,
Educational, Cultural and Other fields
--Implemented by a Program of Exchanges
for 1977-1979 negotiated in 1976
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Date
Signed May 1976,
awaiting rati-
fication
(Five-Year term
with successive
five-year
extensions)
Signed and
entered into
force May 1972
Signed and entered
into force
October 1972
Signed and
entered into
force October 1975
(Expires September
1981, unless extension
mutually agreed)
Signed and
entered into
force June 1973
(Ten-year duration,
extendable by mutual
agreement)
Title
Treaty on Underground Nuclear Explosions
for Peaceful Purposes
--Companion to the Threshold Test Ban
Treaty
--Limits individual PNE's to 150 kilotons
--Limits aggregate yield in group
explosions to 1.5 megatons
--Provides for access to sites of
explosions
Economic
Agreement on Establishment of Joint
Commercial Commission
--Meets at least annually
Settlement of Lend Lease, Reciprocal Aid
and Claims
--Provided for Soviet repayment of $722
million in lend lease debts, contingent
on US granting USSR most-favored-nation
trading status
--Abrogated by Soviets following
congressional action of December 1974,
withholding MFN pending Soviet
concessions on emigration
Agreement on the Supply of Grain
--Provides for mandatory Soviet purchases
of at least 6 million metric tons of
US grain annually
Scientific and Technical
Agreement on Scientific and Technical
Cooperation in the Field of Peaceful Uses
of Atomic Energy
--Concentration on controlled fusion, fast-
breeder reactors, research on fundamental
properties of matter
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Date Additional, Specialized Bilaterals
[all signed at Summits; renewable periodically
by mutual agreement]
Signed and entered Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of
into force flay 1972 Environmental Protection
Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of
Medical Science and Public Health
Signed and entered Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Agriculture
into force June 1973
Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Transportat
Signed and entered Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of Energy
into force June 1974
Agreement on Cooperation in Artificial Heart
Research and Development
Agreement on Cooperation in the Field of
Housing and Other Construction
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what Tanya did and that you - ildren and ours, all
the children of the_wor11 can live their full lives
together irien1ship and in peace.
(Spasibo y do svidaniye.1
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF RELATIONS BETWEEN THE U.S., USSR
Moscow PRAVDA in Russian 30 May 72 p 1 X
[IZVESTIYA of 30 May 1972 on page 1 and KRASNAYA ZVEZDA of
30 May 1972 on page 1 publish the text of the Basic Principles
of Relations signed on 29 May 1972 identical to that in PRAVDA]
[Text] Text of the "Basic Principles of Relations Between the
Union. of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States of
America."
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United States
of America,
Guided by their obligations under the Charter of the United
Nations and by a desire to strengthen peaceful relations with
each other and to place these relations on the firmest possible
basis,
Aware of the need to make every effort to remove the threat of
war and: to create conditions which promote the reduction of
tensions in the world and the strengthening of universal
security and international cooperation,
Believing that the improvement of Soviet-U.S. relations and
their mutually advantageous development in such areas as
economics, science and culture, will meet these objectives and
contribute to better mutual understanding and businesslike
cooperation, without in any way prejudicing the interests of
third countries,
Counscious that these objectives reflect the interests of the
peoples of both countries,
Have agreed as follows:
First. They will proceed from the common determination that
in the nuclear age there is no alternative to conducting
their mutual relations on the basis of peaceful coexistence.
Differences in ideology and in the social systems of the
USSR and the USA are not obstacles to the bilateral development
of normal relations based on the principles of sovereignty,
equality, non-interference in internal affairs and mutual
advantage.
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Second. The USSR and the USA attach major importance to
preventing the development of situations capable of causing
a dangerous exacerbation of their relations. Therefore, they
will do their utmost to avoid military confrontations and to
prevent the outbreak of nuclear war. They will always exercise
restraint in their mutual relations, and will be prepared to
negotiate and settle differences by peaceful means. Discussions
and negotiations on outstanding issues will be conducted in a
spirit of reciprocity, mutual accommodation and mutual benefit.
Both sides recognize that efforts to obtain unilateral advan-
tage at the expense of the other, directly or indirectly, are
inconsistent with these objectives. The prerequisites for
maintaining and strengthening peaceful relations between the
USSR and the USA are the recognition of the security interests
of the parties based on the principle of equality and the
renunciation of the use or threat of force.
Third. The USSR and the USA have a special responsibility, as
do other countries which are permanent members of the United
Nations Security Council, to do everything in their power so
that conflicts or situations will not arise which would
serve to increase international tensions. Accordingly, they
will seek to promote conditions in which all countries will
live in peace and security and will not be subject to outside
interference in their internal affairs.
Fourth. The USSR and the USA intend to widen the juridical
basis of their mutual relations and to exert the necessary
efforts so that bilateral agreements which they have concluded
and multilateral treaties and agreements to which they are
jointly parties are faithfully implemented.
Fifth. The USSR and the USA reaffirm their readiness to
continue the practice of exchanging views on problems of
mutual interest and, when necessary, to conduct such exchanges
at the highest level, including meetings between leaders of the
two countries.
The two governments welcome and will facilitate an increase
in productive contacts between representatives of the legis-
lative bodies of the two countries.
Sixth. The parties will continue their efforts to limit
armaments on a bilateral as well as on a multilateral basis.
They will make [US: They will continue to make] special efforts
to limit strategic armaments. Whenever possible they will
conclude concrete agreements aimed at achieving these purposes.
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The USSR and the USA regard as the ultimate objective of their
efforts the achievement of general and complete disarmament and
the establishment of an effective system of international
security in accordance with the purposes and principles of the
United Nations.
Seventh. The USSR and the USA regard commercial and economic
ties as an important and necessary element in the strengthening
of their bilateral relations and thus will actively promote the
growth of such ties. They will facilitate cooperation between
the relevant organizations and enterprises of the two countries
and the conclusion of appropriate agreements and contracts,
including long-term ones.
The two countries will contribute to the improvement of
maritime and air communications between them.
Eighth. The two sides consider it timely and useful to develop
mutual contacts and cooperation in the fields of science and
technology. Where suitable, the USSR and the USA will conclude
appropriate agreements dealing with concrete cooperation in
these fields.
Ninth. The two sides reaffirm their intention to deepen
cultural ties with one another and to encourage fuller
familiarization with each other's cultural values. They will
promote improved conditions for cultural exchanges and tourism.
Tenth. The USSR and the USA will seek to ensure that their
ties and cooperation in all the above-mentioned fields and in
any others in their mutual interest are built on a firm and
long-term basis. To give a permanent character to these
efforts, they will establish in all fields where this is
feasible joint commissions or other joint bodies.
Eleventh. The USSR and the USA make no claim for themselves
and would not recognize the claims of anyone else to any
special rights or advantages in world affairs. They recognize
the sovereign equality of all states.
The development of Soviet-U.S. relations is not directed
against third countries and their interests.
Twelfth. The basic principles set forth in this document do
not affect any obligations with respect to other countries
earlier assumed by the USSR and the USA.
Moscow, 29 May 1972
For the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics: Leonid I.
Brezhnev, general secretary of the CPSU Central Committee
For the United States of America: Richard Nixon, President
of the United States of America
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Agreement Between the United States of America and the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. on the Prevention of
Nuclear War
Signed at Washington June 2% 1973
Entered into force June 2Z 1973
The United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, herein-
after referred to as the Parties. -
Guided by the objectives of strengthening world peace and international security,
Conscious that nuclear war would have devastating consequences for mankind,
Proceeding from the desire to bring about conditions in which the danger of an out-
break of nuclear war anywhere in the world would be reduced and ultimately eliminated,
Proceeding from their obligations under the Charter of the United Nations regarding
the maintenance of peace, refraining from the threat or use of force, and the avoidance
of war, and in conformity with the agreements to which either Party has subscribed,
Proceeding from the Basic Principles of Relations between the United States of Amer-
ica and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics signed in Moscow on May 29.1972,
Reaffirming that the development of relations between the United States of America
and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics is not directed against other countries and
their interests,
Have agreed as follows:
The United States and. the Soviet Union agree that an objective of their policies is
to remove the danger of nuclear war and of the use of nuclear weapons. -
Accordingly, the Parties agree that they will act in such a manner as to prevent the
development of situations capable of causing a dangerous exacerbation of their relations,
as to avoid military confrontations, and as to exclude the outbreak of nuclear war be-
tween them and between either of the Parties and other countries.
The Parties agree. in accordance with Article I and to realize the objective stated
in that Article, to proceed from the premise that each'Party will refrain from the threat
or use of force against the other Party, against the allies of the other Party and against
other countries, in circumstances which may endanger international peace and security.
The Parties agree that they will be guided by these considerations in the formulation of
their foreign policies and in their actions in the field of international relations.
Article III
The Parties undertake to develop their relations with each other and with other
countries in a way consistent with the purposes of this Ag. eement.
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ARMS CONTROL AND DISARMAMENT AGREEMENTS
Article IV
If at any time relations between the Parties or between either Party and other coun-
tries appear to involve the risk of a nuclear conflict: or if relations between countries
not parties, to this Agreement , eappear to is volve the risk of nuclear war between the
United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics or between either
Party and other countries, the United States and the Soviet Union. acting in accord-
ance with the provisions of this Agreement, shall immediately enter into urgent con?sultations with each other and make every effort to avert this risk.
Article V
Each Party shall be free to inform the Security Council of the United N
ti
a
ons, the
Secretary General of the United Nations and the Governments of allied or other coun-
rx +li. ~x~7Y~rrz3"
FOR THE UNION OF SOVIET
SOCIALIST REPUBLICS:
General Secretary of the
Central Committee, CPSU
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tries of the progress and outcome of consultations initiated in accordance with Article
IV of this Agreement.
Article VI
Nothing in this Agreement shall affect or impair:
(a) the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense as envisaged by Article
51 of the Charter of the United Nations,*
(b) the provisions of the Charter of the United Nations, including those relating
to the maintenance or restoration of international peace and security, and
(c) the obligations undertaken by either Party towards its allies or.other countries
in treaties, agreements, and other appropriate documents.
Article VII
This Agreement shall be of unlimited duration.
Article VIII
This Agreement shall enter into force upon signature.
DONE at Washington on June 22, 1973, in two copies, each in the English and Russian
languages, both texts being equally authentic.