FACTBOOK

Document Type: 
Collection: 
Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): 
CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8
Release Decision: 
RIFPUB
Original Classification: 
K
Document Page Count: 
251
Document Creation Date: 
December 22, 2016
Document Release Date: 
August 21, 2012
Sequence Number: 
1
Case Number: 
Publication Date: 
January 1, 1977
Content Type: 
REPORT
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PDF icon CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8.pdf17.93 MB
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Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 ~. co e y ~ .o~..~ .a..t c h +? . F f c T& 0 o K S l 1I F F National Basic Intelligence FACTBOOK GC BIF 77-001 (U) January 1977 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 The National Basic Intelligence Factbook, a compilation of basic data on political entities worldwide, is coordinated and published semiannually by the Central Intelligence Agency. The data are prepared by components of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Department of State. Comments and suggestions regarding the contents should be addressed to the Office of Geographic and Carto- graphic Research (Att: Factbook) Central Intelligence Agency, Washington, D.C. 20505. The publication is prepared for the use of U.S. Government officials. The format, coverage and contents of the publication are designed to meet the specific requirements of those users. U.S. Government officials may obtain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. Non-U.S. Government users may obtain this along with similar CIA publications on a subscription basis by addressing inquiries to: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gifts Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Non-U.S. Government users not interested in the DOCEX Project subscription service may purchase reproductions of spe- cific publications on an individual basis from: Photoduplication Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 ''* Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 National Basic Intelligence FACTBOOK January 1977 Supersedes the July 1976 issuance of this Factbook, copies of which should be destroyed. Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 Entries in all capital letters refer to basic data sheets included in this Factbook Abbreviations for International Organizations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Page ix United Nations (U.N.): Structure and Related Agencies . . . . . . . . . . xi Abu Dhabi (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) AFGHANISTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 'Ajman (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ALBANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 ALGERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 ANDORRA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 ANGOLA .............................. 5 Anguilla (see ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS) ANTIGUA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 ARGENTINA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7 AUSTRALIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 AUSTRIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 Azores (see PORTUGAL) BAHAMAS, THE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 BAHRAIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Balearic Islands (see SPAIN) BANGLADESH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 BARBADOS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 BELGIUM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 BELIZE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17 BENIN ............................... 19 BERMUDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 BHUTAN .............................. 21 BOLIVIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22 BOTSWANA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 BRAZIL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24 British Honduras (see BELIZE) BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 BRUNEI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 BULGARIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 BURMA ............................... 28 BURUNDI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Cabinda (see ANGOLA) CAMBODIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31 CAMEROON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 CANADA .............................. 33 Canary Islands (see SPAIN) CAPE VERDE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34 CENTRAL AFRICAN EMPIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 Ceylon (see SRI LANKA) CHAD ................................ 37 CHILE ................................ 38 CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 -C- Page CHINA, REPUBLIC OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 COLOMBIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 COMOROS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 CONGO (Brazzaville) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 Congo (Kinshasa) (see ZAIRE) COOK ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 COSTA RICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46 CUBA ................................ 48 CYPRUS .............................. 49 CZECHOSLOVAKIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Dahomey (see BENIN) DENMARK . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 DOMINICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Dubai (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ECUADOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56 EGYPT ............................... 57 Ellice Islands (see TUVALU) EL SALVADOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 EQUATORIAL GUINEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 ETHIOPIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 FAROE ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63 Fernando Po (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) FIJI ................................. 64 FINLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 FRANCE .............................. 66 FRENCH GUIANA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 FRENCH POLYNESIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69 FRENCH TERRITORY OF THE AFARS AND ISSAS . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Fujairah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) GABON ............................... 71 GAMBIA, THE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 GHANA ............................... 76 GIBRALTAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77 GILBERT ISLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78 GREECE .............................. 79 GREENLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 GRENADA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 GUADELOUPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 GUATEMALA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 GUINEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 GUINEA-BISSAU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Guinea, Portuguese (see GUINEA-BISSAU) GUYANA .............................. 87 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 -H- Page HAITI ................................ 88 HONDURAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89 HONG KONG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 HUNGARY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 ICELAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93 INDIA ................................ 94 INDONESIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 IRAN ................................ 97 IRAQ 99 IRELAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 100 ISRAEL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 ITALY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 IVORY COAST . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 JAMAICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 JAPAN ............................... 107 JORDAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 KENYA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 KOREA, NORTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 111 KOREA, SOUTH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 KUWAIT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114 LAOS ....................... ....... 115 LEBANON . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 116 LESOTHO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117 LIBERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 LIBYA 120 LIECHTENSTEIN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 LUXEMBOURG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122 MACAO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 MADAGASCAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Madeira Islands (see PORTUGAL) Malagasy Republic (see MADAGASCAR) MALAWI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 126 MALAYSIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127 MALDIVES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130 MALI ................................ 131 MALTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132 MARTINIQUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133 MAURITANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134 MAURITIUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 MEXICO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 MONACO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 MONGOLIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 139 MOROCCO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 MOZAMBIQUE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 -N- Page Namibia (see SOUTH WEST AFRICA) NAURU . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 NEPAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143 NETHERLANDS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 NEW CALEDONIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 NEW HEBRIDES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 NEW ZEALAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 NICARAGUA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 NIGER ............................... 152 NIGERIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153 Northern Rhodesia (see ZAMBIA) NORWAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154 -0- OMAN ............................... 156 -P- PAKISTAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 PANAMA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 PAPUA NEW GUINEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159 PARAGUAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Pemba (see TANZANIA) PERU ................................ 162 PHILIPPINES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 POLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 PORTUGAL . . . . 166 Portuguese Guinea (see GUINEA-BISSAU) Portuguese Timor (see INDONESIA) -Q- QATAR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 -R- Ras al Khaimah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) REUNION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 RHODESIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Rio Muni (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) ROMANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 RWANDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 -S- ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS-ANGUILLA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 ST. LUCIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 174 ST. VINCENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175 SAN MARINO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 SAO TOME and PRINCIPE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 177 SAUDI ARABIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 SENEGAL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 179 SEYCHELLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Sharjah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) SIERRA LEONE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 SINGAPORE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 SOMALIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 Page -S- SOUTH AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185 Southern Rhodesia (see RHODESIA) SOUTH-WEST AFRICA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 SPAIN .............. ............... 189 Spanish Sahara (see WESTERN SAHARA) SRI LANKA (formerly Ceylon) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 SUDAN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 SURINAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 SWAZILAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 SWEDEN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 196 SWITZERLAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 SYRIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199 Tanganyika (see TANZANIA) TANZANIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Tasmania (see AUSTRALIA) THAILAND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202 TOGO ................................ 203 TONGA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Transkei (see SOUTH AFRICA) TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 TUNISIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 TURKEY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 TUVALU (formerly Ellice Islands) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 UGANDA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 Umm al Qaiwain (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) U.S.S.R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 210 UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Abu Dhabi, 'Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah, Umm al Qaiwain . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 United Arab Republic (see EGYPT) UNITED KINGDOM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 UNITED STATES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 229 UPPER VOLTA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 URUGUAY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 216 VATICAN CITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 VENEZUELA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ? 218 VIETNAM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 WALLIS and FUTUNA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Walvis Bay (see SOUTH AFRICA) WESTERN SAHARA (formerly SPANISH SAHARA) . . . . . . . . . . . . 221 WESTERN SAMOA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 222 YEMEN (Aden) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 YEMEN (Sana) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224 YUGOSLAVIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 ZAIRE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 ZAMBIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Zanzibar (see TANZANIA) Additional copies may be obtained from CIA Map Library I CANADA II MIDDLE AMERICA III SOUTH AMERICA IV EUROPE V THE MIDDLE EAST VI AFRICA VII U.S.S.R. and ASIA VIII OCEANIA Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization ADB Asian Development Bank AFDB African Development Bank ANZUS ANZUS Council; treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand, and the United States ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASPAC Asian and Pacific Council BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg Economic Union BLEU Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union CACM Central American Common Market CARICOM Caribbean Common Market CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association CEAO West African Economic Community CEMA Council for Economic Mutual Assistance CENTO Central Treaty Organization . . . . Colombo Plan . .. . Council of Europe DAC Development Assistance Committee (OECD) EAMA African States associated with the EEC EC European Communities (EEC, ECSC, EURATOM) ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EEC European Economic Community (Common Market) EFTA European Free Trade Association EIB European Investment Bank ELDO European Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organization EMA European Monetary Agreement ENTENTE Political-Economic Association of Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Niger, Upper Volta, and Togo ESRO European Space Research Organization EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community IADB Inter-American Defense Board IDB Inter-American Development Bank IEA International Energy Agency (Associated with OECD) IHO International Hydrographic Organization IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union IRC International Red Cross LAFTA Latin American Free Trade Association LICROSS League of Red Cross Societies NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 ABBREVIATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (Cont.) OAS Organization of American States OAU Organization of African Unity OCAM Afro-Malagasy and Mauritian Common Organization ODECA Organization of Central American States OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development SELA Latin American Economic System UDEAC Economic and Customs Union of Central Africa UEAC Union of Central African States WEU Western European Union WCL World Confederation of Labor WFTU World Federation of Trade Unions WPC World Peace Council AIOEC Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries ANRPC Association of Natural Rubber Producting Countries APC African Peanut (Groundnut) Council ASSIMER International Mercury Producers Association CIPEC Intergovernmental Council of Copper Exporting Countries IATP International Association of Tungsten Producers IBA International Bauxite Association ICAC International Cotton Advisory Committee ICCO International Cocoa Council ICO International Coffee Organization . . .. International Lead and Zinc Study Group IOOC International Olive Oil Council ISO International Sugar Organization ITC International Tin Council IWC International Whaling Commission IWC International Wheat Council OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries UPEB Union of Banana Exporting Countries WSG International Wool Study Group Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 UNITED NATIONS (U.N.): STRUCTURE AND RELATED AGENCIES Principal Organs: SC GA ECOSOC TC ICJ Operating Bodies: UNCTAD TDB UNDP UNICEF UNIDO Security Council General Assembly Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council International Court of Justice Secretariat U.N. Conference on Trade and Development Trade and Development Board U.N. Development Program U.N. Children's Fund U.N. Industrial Development Organization Regional Economic Commissions: ECA Economic Commission for Africa ECE Economic Commission for Europe ECLA Economic Commission for Latin America ECWA Economic Commission for Western Asia ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific Intergovernmental Agencies Related to the U.N.: FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) ICAO International Civil Aviation Organization IDA International Development Association (IBRD Affiliate) IFAD International Fund for Agricultural Development IFC International Finance Corporation (IBRD Affiliate) ILO International Labor Organization IMCO Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative Organization IMF (FUND) International Monetary Fund ITU International Telecommunication Union UNESCO United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization UPU Universal Postal Union WFC World Food Council WHO World Health Organization' WMO World Meteorological Organization Autonomous Organization Under the U.N.: IAEA International Atomic Energy Agency Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 Political, sociological, and economic data, including monetary conversion rates, generally reflect information through mid-October 1976, except for population estimates, which have been projected to 1 January 1977. Military manpower estimates are as of 1 July 1976 except for average number of males reaching military age, which are projected averages for the 5-year period 1976-80. Military and communications data are as of 31 October 1976 unless otherwise indicated. Most of the land utilization estimates are rough approximations, and most of the statistical data are rounded (thousands and millions). Figures for "arable" may reflect only the area actually under crops rather than the potential cultivable. Fishing limits are included only when they differ from the territorial limits. For some countries GDP, rather than GNP, is shown. The difference between the two is in the addition or subtraction of the value of return on foreign investment. GDP equals GNP plus income earned in the country but sent abroad, minus income earned abroad but sent into the country. GDP thus tends to exceed GNP in debtor countries, and the reverse is true in creditor countries. Major ports are the largest maritime ports of the country, relative to other ports of the same country, on the basis of estimated port capacity, alongside berthing accommodations, and commercial or naval importance. Minor ports are the remaining ports of a country which have, relative to the major ports, significantly lower estimated port capacity, fewer alongside berthing accommodations, are of less commercial or naval importance.. Major transport aircraft are those weighing over 20,000 pounds. Military budgets are in U.S. dollar equivalents. The dollar sign refers to U.S. dollars unless otherwise stated. The abbreviation FY stands for U.S. fiscal year; all years are calendar years unless otherwise indicated. mm millimeters 0.04 inches in in inches 2.5 centimeters cm cm centimeters 0.4 inches in ft feet 30 centimeters cm m meters 3.3 feet ft yd yards 0.9 meters m meters 1.1 yards yd mi miles 1.6 kilometers km AREA in' square inches 6.5 square centimeters cm' square centimeters 0.16 square inches in' ft' square feet 0.09 square meters m square meters 1.2 square yards yd' yd' square yards 0.8 square meters km' square kilometers 0.4 square miles mi mi square miles 2.6 square kilometers km' ho hectares (10,000 m') 2.5 acres acres 0.4 hectares ha g grams 0.035 ounces oz or ounces 28 grams kg kilograms 2.2 pounds lb lb pounds 0.45 kilograms 1 tonnes (1000 kg) 1.1 short tons short tons 0.9 tonnes ml milliliters 0.03 fluid ounces fl oz VOLUME I liters 2.1 pints pt tsp teaspoons 5 milliliters ml I liters 1.06 quarts qt Tbsp tablespoons 15 milliliters ml I liters 0.26 gallons gal fl oz fluid ounces 30 milliliters ml m cubic meters 35 cubic feet h' c cups 0.24 liters m' cubic meters 1.3 cubic yards yd' pt pints 0.47 liters qt quarts- 0.95 liters gal gallons 3.8 liters h' cubic feet 0.03 cubic meters m' yd' cubic yards 0.76 cubic meters m Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 AFGHANISTAN LAND 647,500 km2; 22% arable (12% cultivated, 10% pasture), 75% desert, waste or urban, 3% forested Land boundaries: 5,510 km PEOPLE Population: 19,811,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (7-72 to 7-73) Nationality: noun-Afghan(s); adjective-Afghan Ethnic divisions: 50% Pushtuns, 25% Tajiks, 9% Uzbeks, 9% Hazaras; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Kizelbashes, and others Religion: 87% Sunni Muslim, 12% Shia Muslim, 1 % other Language: 50% Pushtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dari), 11% Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen), 10% 30 minor languages (primarily Baluchi and Pashai); much bilingualism Literacy: under 10% Labor force: about 4.3 million (1966 official est.); 75%-80% agriculture and animal husbandry, 20%- 25% commerce, small 'industry, services; massive shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Afghanistan Type: republic Capital: Kabul Political subdivisions: 26 provinces with centrally appointed governors Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitution nullified July 1973; independent judiciary also abolished and powers transferred to the Council of Justice, chaired by Minister of justice; legal education at University of Kabul; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Parliament abolished July 1973; all powers of the parliament and the monarchy transferred to the President Government leaders: President Mohammad Daoud who also serves as Prime Minister, Foreign Minister, and Defense Minister; Mohammad Naim, Daoud's brother and personal adviser Suffrage: universal from age 20 Elections: promised but no date set Political parties and leaders: no political parties permitted Communists: there are two pro-Moscow Com- munist groups, Parcham and Khalq, believed to have several hundred active members, and a smaller pro- Peking group, Sholaye-Jaweid Other political or pressure groups: most military officers support the government; no known organized opposition Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $1.2 billion (FY75, at 1972 prices), $60 per capita; real growth rate about 2.4% (1973-75) Agriculture: agriculture and animal husbandry account for over 50% of GNP and occupy nearly 85% of the labor force; main crops-wheat and other grains, cotton, fruits, nuts; largely self-sufficient; food shortages-wheat, sugar, tea Major industries: cottage industries, food processing, textiles, cement, coal mining Electric power: 320,000 kW capacity (1975); 560 million kWh produced (1975), 29 kWh per capita Exports: $229 million (f.o.b., FY76); fresh and dried fruits, natural gas, karakul skins, carpets, hides, and wool Imports: $260 million (c.i.f., FY76); non-metallic minerals, sugar, tires and tubes, textiles, tea, used clothing, tobacco, transportation Major trade partners: export-U.S.S.R., India, U.K., Pakistan, West Germany, Switzerland, U.S.; imports-Japan, U.S.S.R., India, West Germany, U. K., U.S. Aid: economic-U.S.S.R (1954-75), $1,275 million extended, $638 million drawn; Eastern Europe (1954- 75), $39 million extended, $11 million drawn; China (1965-75), $74 million extended, $28 million drawn; U.S. (FY49-75), $514 million committed; interna- tional organizations (1946-75), $152 million; military-U.S.S.R. (1956-75), $617 million extended, $449 million drawn; Eastern Europe (1955-75), $31 million extended, $23 million drawn; U.S. (FY53-75), $5 million committed Budget: current expenditures $158 million, capital expenditures .$163 million for FY76 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Monetary conversion rate: 45 Afghanis=US$1 (official); 55 Afghanis=US$1 (March 1976) Fiscal year: 21 March - 20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 0.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gage, government-owned spur of Soviet line Highways: 20,885 km (1975); 2,460 km paved, 3,910 km gravel, 8,735 km improved earth, and 5,780 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: total navigability 1,200 km; steamers use Amu Darya Ports: only minor river ports Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 38 total, 36 usable; 9 with permanent- surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: limited telephone, tele- graph, and radiobroadcast services; television to be introduced by 1978; 26,000 telephones; 112,000 radio receivers; no TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 4.9 million; 2.6 million fit for military service; about 177,000 reach military age (22) annually Supply: dependent on foreign sources, almost exclusively the U.S.S.R. ALBANIA LAND 28,749 km2; 19% arable, 24% other agricultural, 43% forested, 14% other Land boundaries: 716 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 15 nm Coastline: 418 km (including Sazan Island) PEOPLE Population: 2,499,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Albanian(s); adjective- Albanian Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian, remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and Bulgarians Religion: 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catholic (observances prohibited;. Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state) Language: Albanian, Greek Literacy: about 70%; no reliable current statistics available, but probably greatly improved Labor force: 911,000 (1969); 60.5% agriculture, 17.9% industry, 21.6% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Albania Type: Communist state Capital: Tirane Political subdivisons: 27 rethet (districts), including capital, 200 localities, 2,600 villages Legal system: based on Soviet law; constitution adopted 1950; judicial review of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assembly, which is not a true court; legal education at State University of Tirane; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: People's Assembly, Council of Ministers, judiciary Government leaders: Chairman of Council of Ministers, Mehmet Shehu; President, Presidium of the People's Assembly, Haxhi Lleshi Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: national elections theoretically held every 4 years; last elections 6 October 1974; 99.9% of electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Enver Hoxha Communists: 87,000 party members (1971) Member of: CEMA, IAEA, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO; has not participated in CEMA since rift with U.S.S.R. in 1961; officially withdrew from Warsaw Pact 13 September 1968 ECONOMY GNP: $1.2 billion in 1972 (at 1972 prices), $520 per capita Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops-corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, cotton; food shortages- wheat; caloric intake, 2,100 calories per day per capita (1961/62) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, and extractive industries Shortages: spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Electric power: 500,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.8 billion kWh produced (1975), 740 kWh per capita Exports: $91 million (1970 est.); 1964 trade-55% minerals, metals, fuels; 23% foodstuffs (including cigarettes); 17% agricultural materials (except foods); 5% consumer goods Imports: $159 million (1970 est.); 1964 trade- 50% machinery, equipment, and spare parts; 16% minerals, metals, fuels, construction materials; 16% foodstuffs; 7% consumer goods; 7% fertilizers, other chemicals, rubber; 4% agricultural materials (except foodstuffs) Monetary conversion rate: 51eks=US$1 (commer- cial); 12.5 leks=US$1 (noncommercial) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 277 km standard gage (1.435 m), single track, government-owned (1975) Highways: 4,989 km; 1,287 km paved, 1,609 km crushed stone and/or gravel, 2,093 km improved or unimproved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid, and Lake Prespa (1976) Freight carried: rail-2.8 million metric tons, 180 million metric ton/km (1971); highways-39 million metric tons, 900 million metric ton/km (1971) Ports: 2 major (Durres, Vlore), 2 minor (1976) Pipelines: crude oil, 117 km; natural gas, 64 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft (1976) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, 783 million leks; about 9% of total budget LAND 2,460,500 km2; 3% cultivated, 16% pasture and meadows, 1% forested, 80% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 6,260 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,183 km PEOPLE Population: 17,558,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.1% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Algerian(s); adjective- Algerian Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab-Berbers, less than 1% Europeans Religion: 99% Muslim, 1% Christian and Hebrew Language: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Literacy: 25% (5% Arabic, 9% French, 11% both) Labor force: 2.8 million; 47% agriculture, 8% industry, 24% other (military, police, civil service, transportation workers, teachers, merchants, construction workers); 40% of urban labor unem- ployed Organized labor: 17% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organization and is subordinate to the National Liberation Front GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Type: republic Capital: Algiers Political subdivisions: 31 Wilayas (departments or provinces) Legal system: based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles; new constitution adopted by referendum November 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court divided into 4 chambers; legal education at Universities of Algiers, Oran and Constantine; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislature will be reconvened in February 1976; judiciary Government leader: Houari Boumediene, Presi- dent of State and President of Council of the Revolution, overthrew elected President Ahmed Ben Bella 19 June 1965 Suffrage: universal over age 19 Elections (latest): presidential December 10, 1976; departmental assemblies 2 June 1974; local assemblies 30 March 1975; legislative elections scheduled for February 4, 1977 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Front (FLN) Communists: 400 (est. ); Communist Party illegal (banned 1962) Member of: AFDB, AIOEC, Arab League, ASSIMER, FAO, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, OAPEC, OAU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $12.5 billion (1975 provisional), $730 per capita, average annual increase since 1971 (current prices), 26%; in real terms, 8% growth in 1974 Agriculture: main crops-wheat, barley, grapes, citrus fruits Major industries: petroleum, light industries, natural gas, mining, petrochemical, electrical, and automotive plants under construction Electric power: 1,300,000 kW capacity (1975); 3.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 205 kWh per capita Exports: $4,440 million (f.o.b., 1975); crude petroleum 87%, other items-natural gas, wine, citrus fruit, iron ore, vegetables; to France 24%, West Germany 24%, Benelux 9%, Italy 8%, U.S.S.R. 7% (1973) Imports: $5,860 million (c.i.f., 1975); major items-capital goods 35%, semi-finished goods 28%, foodstuffs 23%; from France 38%, West Germany 9%, Italy 9%, U.S. 8% (1973) Monetary conversion rate: 3.95 dinars=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,130 km; 3,951 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,033 km 1.055-meter gage, 146 km meter gage (1.00 m); 302 km electrified; 193 km double track Highways: 78,367 km; 45,043 km concrete or bituminous, 33,324 km gravel, crushed stone or improved earth Ports: 9 major, 8 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 3,983 km; refined products, 298 km; natural gas, 2,969 km Civil air: 30 major transport aircraft Airfields: 186 total, 184 usable; 55 with permanent-surface runways; 22 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m; 103 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: adequate domestic and international facilities in the north, primarily radio communications in the desert; satellite ground stations; 229,700 telephones; 1,150,000 radio receivers; 500,000 TV receivers; 15 AM and 39 TV stations; 3 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,111,000; 2,427,000 fit for military service; , average number reaching military age (19) annually 163,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $309,392,000; 5.5% of national budget ANDORRA LAND 466 km2 Land boundaries: 105 km PEOPLE Population: 27,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1975) Nationality: noun-Andorran(s); adjective- Andorran Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 30% Andorrans, 61% Spanish, 6% French, 3% other Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic Language: Catalan, many also speak some French and Castilian Labor force: unorganized; largely shepherds and farmers GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Valleys of Andorra Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of President of France and Spanish Bishop of Seo de Urge], who are represented locally by officials called veguers Capital: Andorra Political subdivisions: 6 districts-Andorra la Vella, Sant Julia de Loria, Encamp, Canillo, La Massana, and Ordino Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; Plan of Reform adopted 1866 serves as Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 constitution; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislature (General Council) of 24 members with one-half elected every 2 years for 4-year term; executive-syndic and a deputy sub-syndic chosen by General Council for 3-year terms; judiciary chosen by coprinces who appoint 2 civil judges, a judge of appeals, and 2 Batles (court prosecutors) Suffrage: males of 21 or over who are third generation Andorrans vote for General Council members; same right granted to women in April 1970 Elections: half of General Council chosen every 2 years, last election December 1975 Political parties and leaders: no political parties but only partisans for particular independent candidates for the General Council, on the basis of competence, personality and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972 Communists: negligible ECONOMY Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables (less than 4% of land is arable) Major industries: tourism ($1 million annually), one cigarette factory (annual output $1 million), handicrafts, smuggling (tobacco to France; manufac- tured items, including automobiles and cameras, to Spain) Shortages: food Electric power: 25,000 kW capacity (1975); 100 million kWh produced (1975), 308 kWh per capita; power is mainly exported to Spain and France Major trade partners: Spain, France COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 96 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: international circuits to Spain and France; 2 AM stations, 1 FM, 1 TV station; about 3,700 telephones; 8,000 radio receivers, 3,000 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Andorra has no defense forces; Spain and France are responsible for protection as needed LAND 1,245,790 km2; 1% cultivated, 44% forested, 22% meadows and pastures, 33% other (including fallow) Land boundaries: 5,070 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,000 mi. PEOPLE Population: Angola, 6,148,000, does not take into account recent emigration from Angola (January 1977); average annual growth rate 1.6% (12-60 to 12-70); Cabinda, 98,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (12-60 to 12-70) Nationality: noun-Angolan(s); adjective- Angolan Ethnic divisions: 93% African, 5% Europeans, 1% mestizos Religion: about 84% animist, 12% Roman Catholic, 4% Protestant Language: Portuguese (official), many native dialects Literacy: 10%-15% Labor force: 2.6 million economically active (1964); 531,000 wage workers (1967) Organized labor: approx. 65,000 (1967) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Angola Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in November 1975; constitution promul- gated 1975; government formed after civil war which ended in early 1976 Capital: Luanda Political subdivisions: 16 administrative districts including the coastal enclave of Cabinda Legal system: to be determined Branches: the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: Agostinho Neto, president Suffrage: to be determined Elections: none held to date Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Political parties and leaders: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA), led by Agostinho Neto, only legal party; National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA) defeated in civil war carrying out limited insurgencies Member of: UN ECONOMY GDP: $3.0 billion (1974 est.), $500 per capita, 6.1 % real growth (1970-72); growth probably negative in 1975-76 because of civil war Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and tobacco; food crops-cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch 469,700 metric tons (1974); exports $52.9 million; imports $5.5 million (1973) Major industries: mining (oil, iron, diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar processing, textiles, cement, food processing plants, building construction Electric power: 510,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.0 billion kWh produced (1975), 165 kWh per capita Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1974); oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, iron ore, timber, corn, and cotton (exports down sharply in 1975 and 1976) Imports: $614 million (c.i.f., 1974); capital equipment, (machinery and electrical equipment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; military deliveries partially offset drop in imports in 1975 Major trade partners: main partner Portugal, followed by West Germany, U.S., U.K., Japan; trade with U.S.S.R. and Cuba increasing since independ- ence Aid: military aid from U.S.S.R. and Cuba in 1975 Budget: (1975) balanced at about $740 million by former Portuguese administration; budget not yet published by new government Monetary conversion rate: (still using Portuguese currency) 31.39 escudos=US$1 as of July 1976 (floating since February 1973) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,069 km; 2,758 km 1.067-meter gage, 310 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: 73,828 km; 8,577 km bituminous- surface treatment, 28,723 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,220 km navigable - Ports: 3 major (Luanda, Lobito, Mocamedes), 15 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 575 total, 498 usable; 25 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 78 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: network of open-wire and radio-relay facilities; satellite ground station; 37,500 telephones; 116,000 radio receivers; 24 AM, 11 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: data not available ANTIGUA DOMINICAN Atlantic fl, EPUBLIC Ocean ~a PUERTO RICO LAND 280 km2; 54% arable, 5% pasture, 14% forested, 9% unused but potentially productive, 18% wasteland and built on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 153 km PEOPLE Population: 71,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.2% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Antiguan(s); adjective- Antiguan Ethnic divisions: almost entirely African Negro Religion: Church of England (predominant), other Protestant sects and some Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: about 80% Organized labor: 18,000, 20% unemployment GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Antigua Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State" Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Capital: St. John's Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 dependencies (Barbuda, Redonda) Legal system: based on English law; British Caribbean Court of Appeal has exclusive original jurisdiction and an appellate jurisdiction, consists of Chief justice and 5 justices Branches: legislative, 21-member popularly elected House of Representatives; executive, Prime Minister and Cabinet Government leaders: Premier Vere C. Bird, Sr.; Deputy Premier Lester Bird; Governor Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs Suffrage: universal suffrage age 18 and over Elections: every 5 years; last general election 11 February 1976 Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird, Sr., Lester Bird; Progressive Labor Movement (PLM), George Herbert Walter; Antigua People's Party (APP), J. Rowan Henry Voting strength: 1976 election-House of Representative seats-ALP 10, PLM 5, independent 1, tie 1 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Afro- Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM), a small black nationalist group led by Timothy Hector; Antigua Freedom Fighters (AFF), a small black radical group, leaders unknown Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $51 million (1974 est.), $650 per capita; 2.7% real growth Agriculture: main crop, cotton Major industries: oil refining, tourism Shortages: electric power Electric power: 23,000 kW capacity (1975); 36 million kWh produced (1975), 450 kWh per capita Exports: $29 million (f.o.b., 1973); petroleum products, cotton Imports: $47 million (c.i.f., 1973); crude oil, food, clothing Major trade partners: 30% U.K., 25% U.S., 18% Commonwealth Caribbean countries Aid: economic-U.S. authorizations (FY46-75), $1.5 million in loans Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dollars=US$1 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 78 km narrow gage (0.760 m), employed almost exclusively for handling cane Highways: 380 km; 240 km main, 140 km secondary Ports: 1 major (St. John's), 1 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 1 with. asphalt runway 2,745 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: automatic telephone sys- tem; 3,350 telephones; tropospheric scatter. links with Tortola and St. Lucia; 22,000 radio receivers, 12,300 TV sets; 2 AM stations, 1 FM and 1 TV station; 1 coaxial submarine cable Buenos Aires LAND 2,771,300 km2; 57% agricultural (11% crops, improved pasture and fallow, 46% natural grazing land), 25% forested, 18% mountain, urban, or waste Land boundaries: 9,414 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 4,989 km PEOPLE Population: 25,887,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Argentine(s); adjective- Argentine Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant, 2% Jewish, 6% other Language: Spanish Literacy: 85% (90% in Buenos Aires) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Labor force: 10 million; 19% agriculture, 25% manufacturing, 20% services, 11% commerce, 6% transport and communications, 19% other Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Argentine Republic Type: republic Capital: Buenos Aires Political subdivisions: 22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and 1 territory Legal system: based on Spanish and French civil codes; constitution adopted 1853 partially superseded in 1966 by the Statute of the Revolution which takes precedence over the constitution when the two are in conflict, further changes may be made by new government; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Presidency; legislature; national judiciary Government leader: President, Lt. General Jorge Rafael Videla, Commander in Chief of the Army, chosen by the three-man junta that took power on March 24, 1976 Government structure: the junta, composed of the chiefs of the three armed services, retains supreme authority; active duty or retired officers fill all but two cabinet posts and administer all provincial and many local governments; in addition, the military now oversee the nation's principal labor confederation and unions, as well as other civilian pressure groups; Congress has been disbanded and all political activity suspended; a nine-man Legislative Council, composed of senior officers, advises the junta on lawmaking Political parties: a number of civilian political groupings remain potentially influential, despite the suspension of all partisan activity; these include Justicialist Party (Peronist coalition that formerly governed) and the Radical Civic Union, center-left party providing the chief civilian opposition to the Peronists; the Moscow-oriented Communist Party remains legal, but extreme leftist splinter groups have been outlawed ' Communists: some 70,000 members in various party organizations, including a small. nucleus of activists Other political or pressure groups: Peronist- dominated labor movement, General Economic Confederation (Peronist-leaning association of small businessmen), Argentine Industrial Union (manufac- turer's association), Argentine Rural Society (large landowner's association), business organizations, students, and the Catholic Church Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG, Non- Aligned Nations Group ECONOMY GNP: $37.8 billion (at average theoretical parity exchange rate, 1974), $1,510 per capita; 18% government consumption, 62% private consumption, 22% investment, -2% net foreign demand (1975); real GDP growth rate 1975, -1.4% Agriculture: main products-cereals, oilseeds, livestock products; Argentina is a major world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs Fishing: catch 301,300 metric tons (1974), $44.6 million (1972); exports $25 million (1973), imports $1.8 million (1973) Major industries: food processing (especially meatpacking), motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy Crude steel: 2.2 million metric tons produced (1975), 90 kg per capita Electric power: 9 million kW capacity (1975); 25 billion kWh produced (1975), 1,100 kWh per capita Exports: $2.96 billion (f.o.b., 1975); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseeds Imports: $3.95 billion (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, fuel and lubricating oils, iron and steel, intermediate industrial products Major trade partners (1975): exports-10% Italy, 10% U.S.S.R., 8% Netherlands, 7% Brazil, 6% U.S.; imports-16% U.S., 13% Japan, 11% FRG, 9% Brazil Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $990 million in loans, $17.9 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $1.4 billion; from other Western countries (1960-66), $315.5 million; from Communist countries (1954-75), $513 million ($56 million drawn); military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $230 million Monetary conversion rate: official, 140 pesos= US$1; free market 245 pesos=US$1, effective rate approximately 159 pesos=US$1 for imports, 215 pesos=US$1 for exports (September 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 38,971 km; 3,200 km standard gage (1.435 m), 22,000 km broad gage (1.676 m), 13,443 km meter gage (1.00 m), 120 km 0.75-meter gage, 208 km 0.600-meter gage; about 1,656 km double and multiple track; 122 km electrified Highways: 290,200 km, of which 39,500 km paved, 74,900 km gravel, 175,800 km improved earth Inland waterways: 11,000 km navigable Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Ports: 7 major, 21 minor Pipelines: 4,090 km crude oil; 2,200 km refined products; 8,120 km natural gas Civil air: 46 major transport aircraft, includes 1 leased from a foreign country Airfields: 2,345 total, 2,146 usable; 89 with permanent-surface runways; 20 with runways 2,440- 3,659 in, 304 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: extensive modern system; telephone network has 2,647,000 sets, radio relay widely used, 2 (COMSAT) ground stations; estimated 12 million radio receivers and 4 million TV sets; 145 AM, 12 FM, and 64 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,464,000; 5,210,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 217,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $822.7 million; about 9.5% of total central government budget AUSTRALIA 1N11 N SIAa PAM.A kw GUINEA asman ;; nberre Sea LAND 7,692,300 km2; 6% arable, 58% pasture, 2% forested, 34% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm; prawn and crayfish on continental shelf) Coastline: about 25,760 km PEOPLE Population: 13,808,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.7% (1-66 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Australian(s); adjective- Australian Ethnic divisions: 99% Caucasian, 1% Asian and aborigine Religion: 98% Christian Language: English Literacy: 98.5% Labor force: 4.76 million; 14% agriculture, 32% industry, 37% services, 15% commerce, 2% other Organized labor: 44% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Commonwealth of Australia Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign or head of state Capital: Canberra Political subdivisions: 6 states and 2 territories (Australian Capital Territory (Canberra) and Northern Territory) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1900; High Court has jurisdiction over cases involving interpretation of the constitution; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: Parliament (House of Representatives and Senate); Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to House; independent judiciary Government leaders: Governor General Sir John Kerr; Prime Minister John Malcolm Fraser Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held at 3-year intervals, or sooner if Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election December 1975 Political parties and leaders: Government- Liberal Party (Malcolm Fraser) and National Country Party (Douglas Anthony); opposition-Labour Party (Gough Whitlam) Voting strength (1975 Parliamentary election): lower house: Liberal-Country Coalition, 92 seats; Labour Party, 35 seats; Senate: Liberal Country Coalition, 35 seats; Labour, 27 seats; Independents, 2 seats Communists: 3,900 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Labour Party (anti-Communist Labour Party splinter group) Member of: ADB, AIOEC, ANZUS, CIPEC (associate), Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, ELDO, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, IWC-Inter- national Wheat Council, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $83.0 billion (1975), $6,050 per capita; 60% private consumption, 16% government current Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 expenditure, 24% investment (1975); real average annual growth (1970-75), 3% Agriculture: large areas devoted to livestock grazing; 60% of area used for crops is planted in wheat; major products-wool, livestock, wheat, fruits, sugarcane self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,300 calories per day per capita Fishing: catch 123,500 metric tons (1974); exports $94.5 million (FY75), imports $86.2 million (FY75) Major industries: mining, bauxite, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals 'Crude steel: 7.9 million metric tons produced (1975), 580 kg per capita Electric power: 20,600,000 kW capacity (1975); 74.1 billion kWh produced (1975), 5,410 kWh per capita Exports: $11.9 billion (f.o.b., 1975); principal products (1975)-44% agricultural products, 14% metalliferous ores, 8% wool, 8% coal Imports: $11.1 billion (f.o.b., 1975) Major trade partners: (1975) exports-29% Japan, 10% U.S., 5% New Zealand, 5% U.K.; imports-20% U.S., 15% U.K., 18% Japan .Aid: economic-Australian aid abroad $2.3 billion (FY65-75); $430 million (FY75), 55% for Papua New Guinea Budget: expenditures, A$21.9 billion; receipts A$19.1 billion (FY76) Monetary conversion rate: 0.81 Australian dollar=US$1 (A$1=US$1.24), July 1976 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 40,636 km; 9,197 km 1.60-meter gage, 13,394 km standard gage (1.435 m), 18,045 km 1.067- meter gage; 800 km electrified (June 1962); government-owned (except for few hundred kilo- meters of privately owned track) - Highways: 863,767 km (1974); 208,227 km paved, 209,885 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 445,655 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 8,368 km; mainly by small, shallow-draft craft Freight carried: rail-154.4 million metric tons Ports: 12 major, numerous minor Pipelines: crude oil, 740 km; refined products, 340 km; natural gas, 6,947 km Civil air: 122 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,735 total, 1,644 usable; 195 with permanent-surface runways, 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 649 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: very good international and domestic service; 5 million telephones; 14 million radio receivers; 3.7 million TV receivers; 96 AM stations, no FM station, 120 TV stations and 66 repeaters; 3 earth satellite stations; submarine cables to New Zealand, New Guinea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Guam DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,281,000; 2,895,000. fit for military service; 124,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $2.7 billion; about 9% of total central government budget AUSTRIA LAND 83,916 km2; 20% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 15% waste or urban, 38% forested, 1% inland water Land boundaries: 2,582 km PEOPLE Population: 7,524,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.1% (1-73 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Austrian(s); adjective- Austrian Ethnic divisions: 98.1% German, 0.7% Croatian, 0.3% Slovene, 0.9% other Religion: 85% Roman Catholic, 7% Protestant, 8% none or other Language: German Literacy: 98% Labor force: 2,656,922 (1974); 18% agriculture and forestry, 49% industry and crafts, 18% trade and communications, 7% professions, 6% public service, 2% other; 2.4% registered unemployed; an estimated 200,000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number more than 200,000 (1972); unemployment 2.0% (August 1975) Organized labor: about two-thirds of wage and salary workers (1971) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Austria Type: federal republic Capital: Vienna Political subdivisions: 9 states (Laender) including the capital Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920, repromulgated in 1945; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal education at Universities of Vienna, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Linz; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: bicameral parliament, directly elected President whose functions are largely representational, independent federal judiciary Government leaders: President Rudolf Kirch- schlaeger, Chancellor Bruno Kreisky leads a one-party Socialist government Suffrage: universal over age 19; compulsory. for presidential elections Elections: presidential, every 6 years (next 1980); parliamentary, every 4 years (next 1979) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (SPOe), Bruno Kreisky, Chairman; Austrian People's Party (OeVP), Josef Taus, Chairman; Liberal Party (FPOe), Friedrich Peter, Chairman; Communist Party, Franz Muhri, Chairman Voting strength (1975 election): 50.6% SPOe, 42.7% OeVP, 5.3% FPOe, 1.2% Communist Communists: membership 25,000 est.; activists 7,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian Peoples Party (OeVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; the OeVP-oriented League of Austrian Industrialists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, 1EA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $37.7 billion (1975), $5,000 per capita; 53.5% consumption, 27.8% investment, 15.2% government, 3.5% net errors and omissions (1974); 1975 growth rate -2.5%, constant prices Agriculture: livestock, cereals, potatoes, sugar beets; 84 % self-sufficient; caloric intake 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Major industries: foods, iron and steel, machinery, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp Crude steel: 4.7 million metric tons produced (1974), 630 kg per capita (1974) Electric power: 9,840,000 kW capacity (1975); 35.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 4,600 kWh per capita Exports: $7.5 billion (f.o.b., 1975); iron and steel products, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles and clothing, paper products, chemicals Imports: $9.4 billion (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles, coal, petroleum, foodstuffs Major trade partners: (1975) 40% West Germany, 8.1% Italy, 6.7% Switzerland, 4.1% France, 2.9% U.S., 54% EC; 14% EFTA; 13% Communist countries Aid: economic-authorized-U.S. $1,218 million through FY73; IBRD $105 million through FY73, none since FY62; military-U. S., $116 million (FY52- 73); net official economic aid delivered to less developed areas and multilateral agencies-$205 million (FY62-72),. $40.2 million (1973) and $59.3 million (1974) Budget: expenditures, $11,292 million; receipts, $9,158 million; deficit $2,133 million (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 17.42 shillings=US$1, average 1975 (floating rate) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,517 km; 5,877 km government- owned; 5,397 km standard gage (1.435 m) of which 2,384 km electrified and 1,333 km double tracked; 480 km narrow gage (0.760 m) of which 91 km electrified; 640 km privately owned (1.435- and 1.00- meter gage) . Highways: approximately 33,600 km total national classified network, including 10,400 km federal and 23,200 km provincial roads; about 20,800 km paved (bituminous, concrete, stone block) and 12,800 km unpaved (gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil); additional 60,800 km communal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth) Inland waterways: 427 km Ports: 2 major river (Vienna, Linz) Pipelines: 554 km crude oil; 2,611 km natural gas; 171 km refined products Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft, including 1 registered but leased from a foreign country Airfields: 54 total, 50 usable; 13 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 88 AM, 94 FM, and 289 TV stations; 2.21 million telephones; 2.69 million radio receivers; 2.05 million television receivers; COMSAT station is planned Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,717,000; 1,380,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 57,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $447 million; about 3.8% of the federal budget THE BAHAMAS LAND 11,396 km2; 1 % cultivated, 29% forested, 70% built on, wasteland, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 3,542 km (New Providence Is. 76 km) PEOPLE Population: 213,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-73 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Bahamian (sing., pl.); ad- jective-Bahamian Ethnic divisions: 80% Negro, 10% white, 10% mixed Religion: Baptists 29%, Church of England 23%, Roman Catholic 23%, smaller groups of other Protestant, Greek Orthodox, and Jews Language: English Labor force: 84,228 (1976); 25% organized GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Commonwealth of The Bahamas Type: independent commonwealth since July 1973, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Nassau (New Providence Island) Legal system: based on English law Branches: bicameral legislature (appointed Senate, elected House); executive (Prime Minister and cabinet); judiciary Government leaders: Prime Minister Lynden O. Pindling Suffrage: universal over age 18; registered voters (April 1976) 55,452 Elections: House of Assembly (9 September 1972); next election due constitutionally by late 1977, but may be called in 1976 Political parties and leaders: Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), predominantly black, Lynden O. Pindling; Free National Movement (FNM) formed by a merger of United Bahamian Party (UBP), predominantly white, and Free Progressive Liberal Party (Free PLP), Cecil Wallace-Whitfield Voting strength (1972 election): PLP 29 seats, FNM 6 seats, Independents 3 seats; in early 1976 one PLP member switched to Independent, and one Independent switched to FNM Communists: none known Member of: ILO, IMCO, IMF, U.N., WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $496 million (at market prices, 1973), $2,490 per capita Agriculture: food importer, main crops-fish, fruits, vegetables Major industries: tourism, cement, oil refining, lumber, salt production Electric power: 250,000 kW capacity (1975); 680 million kWh produced (1975), 3,600 kWh per capita Exports: $2.3 billion (f.o.b., 1975 est.); fuel oil, pharmaceuticals, cement, rum Imports: $2.6 billion (c.i.f., 1975 est.); crude oil, foodstuffs, manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 86%, U.K. 2%, Canada 2%; imports-U.S. 24%, Libya 20%, Nigeria 16% (1973) Aid: economic-authorizations from U.S. (FY56- 75), $51.2 million in loans, $0.3 million in grants; from international organizations (FY71-75), $2.0 million, $24.8 million in loans, $0.3 million in grants Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahamian dollar (B$1)=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,100 km total; 850 km paved, 1,250 km gravel Ports: 2 major (Freeport, Nassau), 9 minor Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft Airfields: 54 total, 50 usable; 8 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 seaplane stations Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Telecommunications: - telecom facilities highly developed, including 59,300 telephones in totally automatic system; tropospheric scatter link with Florida; 85,000 radio receivers and 30,000 TV sets, 3 AM and 2 FM stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables LAND 596 km2 plus group of 32 smaller islands; 5% cultivated, negligible forested area, remainder desert, waste, or urban WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 161 km PEOPLE Population: 269,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (2-65 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Bahraini(s); adjective- Bahraini Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 7% Iranian, Pakistani, and Indian, 3% other; native Bahrainis are a minority Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic, English also widely spoken Literacy: about 40% (1970) Labor force: 78,507 (1976) GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Bahrain Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971 Capital: Al Manama Legal system: based on Islamic law and English common law; constitution went into effect December 1973 Branches: Emir rules with help of a cabinet led by Prime Minister; a National Assembly, made up of cabinet and 30 directly elected members, was formed in early 1974; Emir dissolved assembly in August 1975 and suspended the constitutional provision for election of the assembly Government leader: Emir `Isa ibn Salman Al- Khalifah Political parties and pressure groups: political parties prohibited; no significant pressure groups although numerous small clandestine groups are active Communists: negligible Member of: Arab League, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IMF, OAPEC, U.N., UNESCO, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $400 million (1974), $1,690 per capita, dominated by oil, industry; 1975 average daily crude oil production, 60,000 bbls (oil expected to last 15 years if no new discoveries are made); 1975 non associated natural gas production, 102 billion ft; government oil revenues for 1976 are estimated at $383.6 million Agriculture: produces dates, alfalfa, vegetables; dairy and poultry farming; fishing; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: petroleum refining, aluminum smelting, boatbuilding, shrimp fishing, pearls and sailmaking on a small scale; major development projects include flourmill, and ISA town; OAPEC dry dock to be built by 1977 Electric power: 500,000 kW capacity (1975); 900 million kWh produced (1975), 3,700 kWh per capita Exports: exports and reexports, $164 million (1975); non-oil exports (including reexports), $497.7 million (1976 projected); oil exports, $457.9 million (1976 est.) Imports: $1,337.7 million (1976 est.) Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., Japan, EC Aid: received $110 million in bilateral commit- ments and comniitted itself $8.5 million to multilateral agencies in CY74 Budget: (1976) $483 million, 72% of revenues from oil Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahrain dinar= US$2.52 (since January 1973) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 193 km bituminous surfaced; un- determined mileage of natural surface tracks Ports: 1 major (Bahrain) Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km; refined products, 16 km; natural gas, 32 km Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft (all registered in Oman) Airfields: 2 total, 1 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 1 seaplane station Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Telecommunications: excellent international telecommunications; limited domestic services; 22,000 telephones; 85,000 radio receivers; 30,000 TV sets; 1 AM radiobroadcast station; satellite earth station; tropospheric scatter Bahrain to Qatar and United Arab Emirates DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 63,000; fit for military service 36,000 Supply: mostly from U.K. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976; $20.22 million, 4.2% of total budget LAND 142,500 km2; 66% arable (including cultivated and fallow), 18% not available for cultivation, 16% forested Land boundaries: 2,535 km WATER Limits of territorial waters. (claimed): 12 nm; fishing, 200 nm Coastline: 580 km PEOPLE Population: 76,565,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Nationality: noun-Bangladeshi(s); adjective- Bangladesh Ethnic divisions: predominantly Bengali; fewer than 1 million "Biharis" and fewer than 1 million tribals Religion: about 83% Muslim, 16% Hindu; less than 1% Buddhist and other Language: Bengali Literacy: about 25% Labor force: over 26 million; extensive un- deremployment; over 80% of labor force is in agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Bangladesh Type: independent republic since December 1971; Government of President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman overthrown in August 1975; two other coups followed; country currently governed by military-backed martial law administration with civilian figurehead president and three military service chiefs as deputy martial law administrators Capital: Dacca Political subdivisions: 19 districts, 413 thanas (counties), 4,053 unions (village groupings) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted December 1972; amended January 1975 to more authoritarian presidential system Branches: constitution provides for unicameral legislature, strong president; controlled judiciary; parliament dissolved by current regime Government leader: President A. M. Sayem; real power exercised by Deputy Martial Law Administra- tor General Zia ur-Rahman Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: First Parliament (House of the Nation) elected in March 1973; elections every 5 years; Government has lifted previous ban on political activity and announced its intention to hold elections in 1977 Communists: 2,500 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: 15 political parties legalized by government as of October 1976, student groups, bands of former guerrillas Member of: ADB, Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMF, ILO, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $6.05 billion est. (FY76 current prices), $75 per capita; real annual per capita growth (FY76), 8.7% Agriculture: large subsistence farming, heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall; main crops are jute and rice; shortages-grain, cotton, and oilseeds Fishing: catch 247,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: jute manufactures, food processing and cotton textiles Electric power: 810,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.4 billion kWh produced (1975), 18 kWh per capita Exports: $356 million (FY76); raw and manu- factured jute, leather, tea Imports: $1,290 million (FY76); foodgrains, fuels, raw cotton, fertilizer, manufactured products Major trade partners: exports-U. S. 15%, U.S.S.R. 7.4%, U.K. 7.3%; imports-U.S. 25.4%, Canada 7.3% (FY75) Aid: economic-FY75 disbursements, $1,015 million of which U.S. provided 25% Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Budget: (FY75) revenue, $855 million; expendi- tures, $1,061 million Monetary conversion rate: 14.9 taka=US$1 (July 1976) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,470 km; 2,483 km meter gage (1.00 m), 953 km broad gage (1.676 m), 35 km narrow gage (0.762 m), 290 km double track; government-owned Highways: 44,930 km; 4,044 km paved, 2,022 km gravel, 38,864 km earth Inland waterways: 7,000 km; river steamers navigate main waterways Ports: 1 major; 5 minor Pipelines: 150 km natural gas Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 24 total, 17 usable; 18 with permanent surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: inadequate international radiocommunications and landline service; fair domestic wire and microwave service; fair broadcast service; 70,000 (est.) telephones; 500,000 radio sets; 20,000 (est.) TV sets; 10 AM, 1 FM, 2 TV stations, and 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 18,138,000; 8,565,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $103.4 million; about 3.5% of the central government budget WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 97 km PEOPLE Population: 239,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1973) Nationality: noun-Barbadian(s); adjective- Barbadian Ethnic divisions: 80% African, 17% mixed, 4% European Religion: Anglican, Roman Catholic, Methodist, and Moravian Language: English Literacy: over 90% Labor force: 97,000 (1973 est.) wage and salary earners; unemployment 20-25% (1976) Organized labor: 32% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Barbados Type: independent sovereign state within the Commonwealth since November 1966, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Bridgetown Political subdivisions: 11 parishes Legal system: English common law; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1966; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislature consisting of a 21-member appointed Senate and a 24-member elected House of Assembly; cabinet headed by Prime Minister Government leader: Prime Minister J. M. G. "Tom" Adams Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: House of Assembly members have terms no longer than 5 years; last general election held 2 September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Errol Barrow; Barbados Labor Party (BLP), J. M. G. "Tom" Adams Voting strength (1976 election): Barbados Labor Party (BLP), 53% Democratic Labor Party, 46%; Independent, negligible; House of Assembly seats- BLP 17, DLP 7 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: People's Progressive Movement (PPM), a small black- nationalist group led by Calvin Alleyne Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IADB, ICAO, IDB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $264 million (1974), $1,100 per capita; real growth rate 1974, -11% BARBADOS DOMINICAN REPUBLIC PUERTO' RICO Atlantic Ocean 0 BARBADOS LAND 430 km2; 60% cropped, 10% permanent meadows, 30% built on, waste, other Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 +1 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Agriculture: main products-sugar, subsistence foods Major industries: tourism, sugar milling, manufac- turing Electric power: 86,000 kW capacity (1975); 204 million kWh produced (1975), 950 kWh per capita Exports: $107 million (f.o.b., 1975); sugar and sugarcane byproducts, clothing Imports: $217 million (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs, machinery, manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-28% U.K., 14% U.S., 28% CARIFTA, 30% other; imports-25% U.K., 21% U.S., 11% Canada, 13% CARIFTA, 30% other (1973) Aid: economic-authorization from U.S. (FY67- 75), $3.6 million; from international organizations (FY63-75), $15.2 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 Barbados dol- lars=US$1 (June 1976) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,370 km; 1,290 km paved, and 80 km gravel, and earth Ports: 1 major (Bridgetown), 2 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway 2,440- 3,659 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: islandwide automatic telephone system with 43,000 telephones; tropo- spheric scatter link to Trinidad; UHF/VHF links to St. Vincent and St. Lucia; 130,000 radio and 40,000 TV sets, 2 AM stations, 1 FM, 1 TV station; 2 telegraph submarine cables; COMSAT ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 51,000; 37,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age, (18) annually, 3,000; no conscription BELGIUM LAND 30,562 km2; 28% cultivated, 24% meadow and pasture, 28% waste, urban, or other; 20% forested Land boundaries: 1,377 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 64 km PEOPLE Population: 9,826,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Belgian(s); adjective-Belgian Ethnic divisions: 55% Flemings, 33% Walloons, 12% mixed or other Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 3% none or other Language: French, Flemish (Dutch), German, in small area of eastern Belgium; divided along ethnic lines Literacy: 97% Labor force: 4.0 million; approximately 95% is found in the following sectors: 32% manufacturing, 24% services, 16% commerce, banking, and insurance, 8% construction, 7.5% transportation and communi- cation, 4% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 1.2% mining, 0.8% public utilities and sanitary services (1972); 7.0% unemployed, September 1975 Organized labor: 48% of labor force (1969) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Belgium Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Brussels Political subdivisions: 9 provinces Legal system: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; constitution adopted 1831, since amended; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 4 law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive branch consists of King and cabinet; cabinet responsible to bicameral parliament; independent judiciary; coalition governments are usual Government leader: Head of State, King Baudouin; Prime Minister Leo Tindemans Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: held 10 March 1974 (held at least once every 4 years) Political parties and leaders: Social Christian, Charles-Ferdinand Nothomb and Wilfred Martens, co-presidents; Socialist, Andre Cools and Willy Claes, co-presidents; Liberty and Progress, Senator P. Deschamps, national president; Liberal Democratic Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 and Pluralist Party, Rolland Gillet, party` president; Francophone Democratic Front-Walloon Rally (Walloon nationalist), Leo Defosset, national president; Volksunie (Flemish Nationalist), Hugo Schlitz, party president; Communist, Louis Van Gent, president of political bureau Voting strength (1974 election): 72 seats Social Christian, 59 seats Socialist, 30 seats Liberty and Progress, 22 seats Volksunie, 22 seats Francophone Democratic Front-Walloon Rally, 4 seats Communist, 3 seats Democratic and Pluralist Communists: 10,000 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; the Federation of Belgium Industries; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufacturers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; two major organiza- tions represent the cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia Member of: ADB, Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, ECOSOC, ECSC, EEC, EIB,. ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $59.1 billion (1975, in 1975 prices), $6,040 per capita; 1974-58% consumption, 25% invest- ment, 15% government, 2% net foreign balance; 1975 real GNP growth rate-1.4% Agriculture: livestock production predominates; main crops-grains, beets, potatoes; 80% self- sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: exports $34 million (1975), imports $157 million (1975) Major industries: engineering and metal products, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, and petroleum Shortages: iron ore, nonferrous minerals, petroleum Crude steel: capacity 14.8 million metric tons; 11.58 million metric tons produced; 1,180 kg per capita (1975) Electric power: 10,826,000 kW capacity (1975); 41.1 billion kWh produced (1975), 3,700 kWh per capita Exports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $29.02 billion (f.o.b., 1975); ferrous metals, finished or semifinished precious stones, textile products Imports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $30.5 billion (c.i.f., 1975); nonelectrical machinery, motor vehicles, textiles, chemicals Major trade partners: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, 1975) EC-nine 70.5% (West Germany 22%, France 19%, Netherlands 17%, U.K. 6.5%, Italy 4%); U.S. 4%; Communist countries (U.S.S.R., East Germany, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria) 4% Aid: economic-received, U.S., $829 million authorized (FY46-75), $36.3 million in FY74; IBRD, $57.8 million (1949-75); military-received, $1,275 million authorized (FY46-75); net official economic aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $1,365 million (FY60-70), $263.4 million in 1974 Ordinary budget, 1976 (projected): revenue, $27.4 million, expenditures, $29.0 billion Monetary conversion rate: (1975 average) 1 franc = US$0.0272 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,394 km; 4,117 km standard gage (1.435 m) and government-owned, 2,536 km double track, 1,224 km electrified; 277 km privately owned, electrified meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: approximately 104,000 km, including 1,040 km limited access divided "Autoroute" Inland waterways: 2,043 km, of which 1,528 km are in regular use by commercial transport Ports: 5 major, 1 minor Pipelines: refined products, 965 km; crude, 161 km; natural gas, 3,218 km Civil air: 54 major transport aircraft Airfields: 44 total, 43 usable; 23 with permanent- surface runways; 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international telephone and telegraph facilities; 2.92 million telephones; 3.86 million radio receivers; 2.55 million TV receivers; 7 AM, 12 FM, and 20 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 1 communica- tions satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,239,000; 1,796,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually 75,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $2,033 million; about 9.6% of proposed central government budget BELIZE (formerly British Honduras) LAND 22,973 km2; 38% agricultural (5% cultivated), 46% exploitable forest, 16% urban, waste, water, offshore islands or other Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Gulf of Mexico Caribbean Sea WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 386 km PEOPLE Population: 145,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Belizean(s); adjective- Belizean Ethnic divisions: 51% Negro, 22% mestizo, 19% Amerindian, 8% other Religion: 50% Roman Catholic; Anglican, Seventh-day Adventist, Methodist, Baptist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Mennonite Language: English, Spanish, Maya, and Carib Literacy: 70%-80% Labor force: 34,500; 39% agriculture, 14% manufacturing, 8% commerce, 12% construction and transport, 20% services, 7% other; shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel; over 15% are unemployed Organized labor: 8% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Belize Type: internal self-governing British colony Capital: Belmopan Legal system: English law; constitution came into force in 1964, although country remains a British colony Branches: 18-member elected National Assembly and 8-member Senate (either house may choose its speaker or president, respectively, from outside its elected membership); cabinet; judiciary Government leader: Premier George Price Suffrage: universal adult (probably 21) Elections: must be held within 5 years of last elections held in October 1974 Political parties and leaders: People's United Party (PUP), George Price; United Democratic Party (UDP), a coalition comprised of the National Independence Party (NIP) led by Philip Goldson,.the People's Democratic Union (PDM) led by Dean Lindo, and the Liberal Party (LP) led by Harry Lawrence; Corozal United Front (CUF), Santiago Ricalde; United Black Association for Development (UBAD), Evan X. Hyde Voting strength (National Assembly): PUP 12 seats, UDP 6 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Christian Workers' Union (CWU) which is connected with PUP Member of: CARICOM, ISO, WCL ECONOMY GDP: $87 million (1974), $680 per capita; 78% private consumption, 17% public consumption, 36% domestic investment, -31% net foreign balance (1968); 3.5% real growth rate 1971 Agriculture: main products-sugar, citrus fruits, corn, molasses, rice, beans, bananas, livestock products; net importer of food; caloric intake, 2,500 calories per day per capita Major industries: timber and forest products, food processing, furniture, rum, soap Electric power: 14,870 kW capacity (1975); 30 million kWh produced (1975), 220 kWh per capita Exports: $71.3 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); sugar, molasses, clothing, lumber, citrus fruits, fish Imports: $102 million (c.i.f., 1975 est.); vehicles, building materials, petroleum, food, textiles, machinery Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 30%, U.K. 24%, Mexico 22%, Canada 13%; imports-U.S. 34%, U.K. 25%, Jamaica 7% (1970) Aid: economic-U.S. authorizations (FY46-75), $7.2 million in grants and $0.3 million in loans; from international organizations (1946-75), $2.0 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 Belize dollars=US$1 (April 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,240 km; 280 km paved, 795 km gravel, 900 km improved earth and 265 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 800 km river network used by shallow-draft craft Ports: 1 major (Belize), 4 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 36 total, 36 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Telecommunications: 5,700 telephones in auto- matic and manual network; radio-relay system; 68,000 radio receivers; 3 AM stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 31,000; 19,000 fit for military service; 1,500 reach military age (18) annually BENIN (formerly Dahomey) LAND 115,773 km2; southern third of country is most fertile; arable land 80% (actually cultivated 11%), forests and game preserves 19%, non-arable 1% Land boundaries: 1,963 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (100 nm mineral exploitation limit) Coastline: 121 km PEOPLE Population: 3,235,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (8-72 to 8-74) Nationality: noun-Beninese (sing. & pl. ); adjective-Beninese Ethnic divisions: 99% Africans (42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adja, Yoruba, Bariba), 5,500 Europeans Religion: 12% Muslim, 8% Christian, 80% animist Language: French official; Fon and Yoruba most common vernaculars in south, at least 6 major tribal languages in north Literacy: about 20% Labor force: 85% of labor force engaged in agriculture; 15% civil service, artisans, and industry Organized labor: approximately 75% of wage earners, divided among two major and several minor unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Benin Type: party state, under military rule since 26 October 1972 Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto) Political subdivisions: 6 provinces, 46 districts Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; legal education generally obtained in France; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: National Revolutionary Council, Council of Ministers, Central Committee of Party Government leader: Lt. Col. Mathieu Kerekou, President and chief of government, charged with national defense, planning, coordination of external aid, information, and national orientation Suffrage: suspended Elections: current government has held no elections and none are scheduled Political parties: People's Revolutionary Party of Benin established in 1975 Communists: sole party espouses Marxism- Leninism Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $372 million (1975), $120 per capita; no real growth during 1970-1974 Agriculture: major cash crop is oil palms; peanuts, cotton, coffee, sheanuts, and tobacco also produced commercially; main food crops-corn, cassava, yams, sorghum and millet; livestock, fish Fishing: catch 32,900 metric tons (1974); exports 600 metric tons, imports 4,300 metric tons (1971) Major industries: palm oil and palm kernel oil processing Electric power: 11,000 kW capacity (1975); 55 million kWh produced (1975), 17 kWh per capita Exports: $94 million (f.o.b., 1974); palm products (34%); other agricultural products Imports: $131 million (c.i.f., 1974); clothing and other consumer goods, cement, lumber, fuels, foodstuffs, machinery, and transport equipment Major trade partners: France, EC, franc zone; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic (through FY75)-EC, $67.1 million; U.N., $12.5 million; other international organiza- tions, $36.2 million; Taiwan, $1 million; U.S. (FY59- 75), $17.1 million; China, $44 million extended (1972) Budget: 1975 est.-receipts $73 million, expendi- tures $77 million Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Monetary conversion rate: 248.22 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs = US$1 as of August 1976 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 579 km, all meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 6,938 km; 844 km paved, 1,872 km gravel and/or improved earth, remainder unimproved Inland waterways: 645 km navigable Ports: 1 major (Cotonou), 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 10 total, 10 usable; 1 with permament- surface runway; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system of open wire and radio relay; 9,625 telephones; 54,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 3 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 735,000; 369,000 fit for military service; about 32,000 males and 31,000 females reach military age (18) annually; both sexes liable for military service Supply: dependent on France and Guinea; aid from North Korea and PRC is pending Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $7.4 million; about 11% of central government budget BERMUDA UNITED STATES Atlantic Ocean BERMUDA LAND 54.4 km2; 8% arable, 60% forested, 21% built on, wasteland, and other, 11% leased for air and naval bases WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 103 km PEOPLE Population: 57,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.5% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Bermudan(s); adjective- Bermudan Ethnic divisions: approximately 63% African, 37% white Religion: 47.5% Church of England, 38.2% other Protestant, 10.2% Catholic, 4.1% other Language: English Literacy: virtually 100% Labor force: 25,200 (1975) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Bermuda Type: British colony Capital: Hamilton Political subdivisions: 9 parishes Legal system: English law Branches: Executive Council (cabinet) appointed by governor, led by government leader; bicameral legislature with an appointed Legislative Council, and a 40-member directly elected House of Assembly Government leaders: Governor Sir Edwin Leather; Government Leader (equivalent to Premier) Sir Edward Richards Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: at least once every 5 years; last general election, June 1972 Political parties and leaders: United Bermuda Party (UBP), John Henry Sharpe; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Walter N.H. Robinson Voting strength (1972 elections): UBP61.2%, PLP 38.8%; House of Assembly seats-UBP 30, PLP 10 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU) ECONOMY GNP: $300-$350 million (at market prices, 1974), $5,000-$6,000 per capita Agriculture: main products-bananas, vegetables, Easter lilies, dairy products, citrus fruits Major industries: tourism, finance Electric power: 86,200 kW capacity (1975); 300 million kWh produced (1975), 5,330 kWh per capita Exports: $0.7 million (f.o.b., 1974); mostly reexports of drugs and bunker fuel Imports: $154.6 million (f.o.b., 1974); fuel, foodstuffs, machinery Major trade partners: 45% U.S., 22% U.K., 9% Canada (1974) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bermuda dol- lar= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 190 km, all paved Ports: 3 major (Hamilton, St. George Freeport, Ireland Island) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with concrete runway 2,960 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern telecom system, includes fully automatic telephone system with 38,100 sets; 50,000 radio and 22,000 TV receivers, 2 AM, 2 FM, and 2 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables LAND 46,600 km2; mi.; 15% agricultural, 15% desert, waste, urban, 70% forested Land boundaries: about 870 km PEOPLE Population: 1,217,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Bhutanese (sing., pl.); adjective-Bhutanese Ethnic divisions: 60% Bhotias, 25% ethnic Nepalese, 15% indigenous or migrant tribes Religion: 75% Lamaistic Buddhism, 25% Bud- dhist-influenced Hinduism Language: Bhotias speak various Tibetan dialects, most widely spoken dialect is Dzongkha, the official language; Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Literacy: insignificant Labor force: 300,000; 99% agriculture, 1% industry; massive lack of skilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Bhutan Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India Capital: Thimphu Political subdivisions: 4 regions (east, central, west, south), further divided into 15-18 subdivisions Legal system: based on Indian law and English common law; in 1964 the monarch assumed full power-no constitution existed beforehand; a Supreme Court hears appeals from district ad- ministrators; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: appointed Minister and indirectly elected Assembly consisting of village elders, monastic representatives, and all district and senior government administrators Government leader: King Jigme Singhi Wangchuk Suffrage: each family has one vote Elections: popular elections on village level held every 3 years Political parties: all parties illegal Communists: no overt Communist presence Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy Member of: Colombo Plan, UPU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: under $100 per capita Agriculture: rice, barley, wheat, potatoes, fruit Major industries: handicrafts (particularly textiles) Electric power: 2,000 kW capacity (1975); 6 million kWh produced (1975), 5 kWh per capita Exports: about $1 million annually; rice, dolomite, and handicrafts Imports: about $1.4 million annually Major trading partner: India Aid: economic-India (FY61-72), $180 million Monetary conversion rate: both ngultrums and Indian rupees are legal tender; 8.77 ngultrums=8.77 Indian rupees=US$1 as of October 1975 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,304 km; 418 km surfaced, 515 km improved, 371 km unimproved earth Freight carried: not available, very light traffic Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 1 asphalt runway 1,372 m, and 1 with concrete runway 899 m Telecommunications: facilities inadequate; 600 telephones; 6,000 est. radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 287,000; 153,000 fit for military service; about 9,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: dependent on India Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 BOLIVIA LAND 1,098,160 km2; 2% cultivated and fallow, 11% pasture and meadow, 45% urban, desert, waste, or other, 40% forest, 2% inland water Land boundaries: 6,083 km PEOPLE Population: 5,624,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Bolivian(s); adjective- Bolivian Ethnic divisions: 50%-75% Indian, 20%-35% mestizo, 5%-15%o white Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; active protestant minority, especially Methodist Language: Spanish, Aymara, Quechua Literacy: 35%-40% Labor force: 2.5 million (1972); 69.1% agriculture, 3.3% mining, 9.6% services and utilities, 8% manufacturing, 10% other Organized labor: 150,000-200,000, concentrated in mining, industry, construction, and transportation. GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Bolivia Type: republic; de facto military dictatorship government Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (judicial capital) Political subdivisions: 9 departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish law and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force except where contrary to dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive; congress of two chambers (Senate and Chamber of Deputies), congress disbanded after 26 September 1969 ouster of President Siles; judiciary Government leaders: President Hugo Banzer Suarez Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18 if married, 21 if single Elections: postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: political activities are proscribed indefinitely; most party leaders are in exile Voting strength (1966 elections): Frente de la Revolucion Boliviana (a coalition composed of the MPC, PIR, PRA, PSD, and two interest groups, the campesinos and -Chaco War Veterans) 61%, FSB 12%, MNR 10%, other 17% Communists: three parties (all proscribed); PCB/Soviet led by Jorge Kolle Cueto, about 300 members; PCB/Chinese led by Oscar Zamora, 150 (including 100 in exile); POR (Trotskyist), about 50 members divided between three factions led by Hugo Gonzalez Moscoso, Guillermo Lora Escobar, and Amadeo Arze Member of: FAO, IAEA, IADB, IATP, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2.15 billion (1975, in 1975 dollars), $410 per capita; 69% private consumption, 11% public consumption, 16% gross domestic investment, +4% net foreign balance (1974); real growth rate (1971-75) average 6.1%; 1975 growth, 6.8% Agriculture: main crops-potatoes, corn, rice, sugarcane, yucca, bananas; imports significant quantities of wheat; caloric intake, 70% of requirements (1976) Major industries: mining, smelting, petroleum refining, food processing, textiles, and clothing Electric power: 310,000 kW capacity (1975); 980 million kWh produced (1975), 195 kWh per capita Exports: $460 million (f.o.b.; 1975 est); tin, petroleum, lead, zinc, silver, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, gold, coffee, sugar, cotton, natural gas Imports: $515 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); foodstuffs, chemicals, capital goods, pharmaceuticals, transpor- tation Major trade partners: exports-Western Europe, 20% (of which UK is largest market); Latin America, 40%; U.S., 30%; Eastern Europe, 4.6%; Japan, 4.3%; imports-U.S., 25%; Western Europe, 19% (of which West Germany is largest supplier); Japan, 10%; Latin America, 39.6%; Eastern Europe, 4.5%; Canada, 1.3% (1974) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $240.4 million in loans, $256.7 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $372 million; from other Western countries (1960-75), $53.8 million; Communist countries (1970-74), $60.2 military-assistance from U.S. (FY52-73), $36 million Budget: $272 million revenues, $304 million expenditures (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 20.3 pesos=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,572 km single track; 3,540 km meter gage (1.00 m), 32 km 0.760-meter gage; 96 km meter gage (1.00 m) privately owned Highways: 37,300 km; 1,150 km paved, 6,550 km gravel, 5,950 km improved earth, 23,650 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: officially estimated to be 10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways Pipelines: crude oil, 1,670 km; refined products 1,495 km; natural gas 560 km Ports: none (Bolivian cargo moved through Arica and Antofagasta, Chile, and Matarani, Peru) Civil air: 49 major transport aircraft Airfields: 572 total, 533 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 125 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: radio-relay system from La Paz, to Santa Cruz; improved, international services; 55,000 telephones; est. 2.5 million radio and 45,000 TV receivers; 84 AM, 18 FM, and 3 TV stations; COMSAT station planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49 1,289,000; 816,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 59,000 BOTSWANA LAND 569,800 km2; about 6% arable, less 'than 1% under cultivation, mostly desert Land boundaries: 3,774 km PEOPLE Population: 720,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Batswana (sing., pl.); ad- jective-Botswana Ethnic divisions: 94% Tswana, 5% Bushmen, 1% European Religion: 85% animist, 15% Christian Language: Africans speak Tswana vernacular Literacy: about 22% in English; about 32% in Tswana; less than 1% secondary school graduates Labor force: 385,000; most are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture; about 51,000 in internal cash economy, another 60,000 spend at least 6 to 9 months per year as wage earners in South Africa (1971) Organized labor: eight trade unions organized with a total membership of approximately 9,000 (1972est. ) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Botswana Type: parliamentary. republic; independent member of Commonwealth since 1966 Capital: Gaborone Political subdivisions: 12 administrative districts Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Botswana, Lesotho and Swaziland (2% years) and University of Edinburgh (2 years); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive-President appoints and presides over the cabinet which is responsible to Legislative Assembly; legislative-Legislative Assem- bly with 32 popularly elected members and 4 members elected by the 32 representatives, House of Chiefs with deliberative powers only; judicial-local courts administer customary law, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction Government leader: President Seretse Khama Suffrage: universal, age 21 and over Elections: general elections held 26 October 1974 Political parties and leaders: Botswana, Demo- cratic Party (BDP), Seretse Khama; Bechuanaland People's Party (BPP), Philip Matante; Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai Mpho; Botswana National Front (BNF), Kenneth Koma Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Voting strength: (October 1974 election) BDP (27 seats); BPP (2 seats); BNF (2 seats); BIP (1 seat) Communists: no known Communist organization; Koma of BNF has long history of Communist contacts Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IDA, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UPU, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $200 million (1975 est.), about $300 per capita; growth in current prices about 15% annually Agriculture: principal crops are corn and sorghum; livestock raised and exported Major industries: livestock processing, mining of diamonds, copper, nickel, coal, asbestos, and manganese Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1975); 85 million kWh produced (1975), 270 kWh per capita Exports: $106 million (1975 est.); cattle, animal products, minerals Imports: $176 million (1975); foodstuffs, vehicles, textiles Major trade partners: South Africa and U.K. Budget: (1977) revenue $107 million ($78 million from domestic taxes and $29 million from borrowing and foreign aid), current expenditures $70 million, investment expenditures $44 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 SA Rand =US$1.15 as of September 1975 (Botswana uses the South African Rand) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 640 km 1.065-meter gage Highways: 21,000 km; 300 km paved; 1,350 km crushed stone or gravel; remainder improved earth and unimproved earth Inland waterways: native craft only; of local importance Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 82 total, 74 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the system is a minimal combination of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and a few radiocommunication stations; Gaborone is the center; 6,700 telephones; 57,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 164,000; 83,000 fit for military service; 8,000 reach military age (18) annually LAND .8,521,100 km2; 4% cultivated, 13% pastures, 23% built-on area, waste, and other, 60% forested Land boundaries: 13,076 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 7,491 km PEOPLE Population: 111,666,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Nationality: noun-Brazilian(s); adjective- Brazilian Ethnic divisions: 60% white, 30% mixed, 8% Negro, and 2% Indian (1960 est.) Religion: 93% Roman Catholic (nominal) Language: Portuguese Literacy: 67% of the population 15 years or older (1970) Labor force: about 30 million in 1970 (est.); 44.2% agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishing, 17.8% industry, 15.3% services, transportation, and communication, 8.9% commerce, 4.8% social activities, 3.9% public administration, 5.1% other Organized labor: about 50% of labor force; only about 1.5 million pay dues GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federative Republic of Brazil Type: federal republic; military-backed presiden- tial regime since April 1964 Capital: Brasilia Political subdivisions: 21 states, 4 territories, federal district (Brasilia) Legal system: based on Latin codes; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1967 and extensively amended in 1969; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: strong executive with very broad powers; bicameral legislature (powers of the two bodies have been sharply reduced); 11-man Supreme Court Government leader: President Ernesto Geisel Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Suffrage: compulsory over age 18, except illiterates and those stripped of their political rights; approximately 30 million registered voters in October 1970 Elections: President Medici's successor was chosen by a 505-member electoral college, composed of the members of Congress and delegates selected from the state legislatures, on 15 January 1974 and took office on 15 March 1974; Geisel was the choice of Medici and top military chiefs Voting strength: (November 1974 congressional elections) 33.6% ARENA, 31.9% MDB, 35.5% blank and void Political parties and leaders: National Renewal Alliance (ARENA), pro-government Francelino Pereira, president; Brazilian Democratic Movement (MDB), opposition, Ulisses Guimaraes, president Communists: 6,000, 1,000 militants Other political or pressure groups: excepting the military, the Catholic Church is the only active nationwide pressure group, however, divisions within the Church often prevent it from speaking with one voice; labor and student groups have almost no influence on the government Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $90.0 billion (1975, in 1974 prices), $830 per capita; 28% gross investment, 79% consumption, -7% net foreign balance (1975); real growth rate 1975, 4.2% Agriculture: main products-coffee, rice, beef, corn, milk, sugarcane, soybeans; nearly self-sufficient; caloric intake, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1962) Fishing: catch 604,700 metric tons (1974); exports, $33.1 million (f.o.b. 1973), imports, $54.3 million (f.o.b. 1973) Major industries: textiles and other consumer goods, chemicals, cement, lumber, steel, motor vehicles, other metalworking industries Crude steel: 9.5 million metric tons capacity (1975 est.); 8.3 million metric tons produced (1975); 80 kg per capita Electric power: 20,120,000 kW capacity (1975); 78.3 billion kWh produced (1975), 780 kWh per capita Exports: $8,655 million (f.o.b., 1975); coffee, manufactures, iron ore, cotton, soybeans, sugar, wood, cocoa, beef, shoes Imports:-$13,657 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, wheat Major trade partners: exports-15% -U.S., 8% Japan, 8% West Germany, 6% Netherlands, 4% Italy, 4% U.K.; imports-25% U.S., 11% West Germany, 9% Japan, 4% Italy, 3% U.K. (1975) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), loans $4.2 billion, grants $685 million; from international organizations (FY46-75), $4.1 billion; from other Western countries (1960-71), $617.0 million; from Communist countries (1959-75), $399 million; drawings (1959-75), $139 million Budget: (1975) revenues $10.5 billion, expenditures $10.4 billion Monetary conversion rate: 11.62 cruzeiros=US$1 (October 1976, changes frequently) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 31,896 km; 28,137 km meter gage (1.00 m), 3,336 km 1.60-meter gage, 194 km standard gage (1.435 m), 229 km narrow gages; 2,593 km electrified Highways: 1,312,700 km; 77,700 km paved, 1,235,000 km gravel or earth Inland waterways: 50,000 km navigable Ports: 6 major, 25 significant minor Pipelines: crude oil, 1,365 km; refined products, 465 km; natural gas, 257 km Civil air: 182 major transport aircraft Airfields: 4,230 total, 4,175 usable; 152 with permanent-surface runways; 15 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 403 with runways 1,220-2,439 m;, 18 seaplane stations Telecommunications: moderately good telecom system; radio relay widely used; 5 communications satellite ground stations; 3.34 million telephones; est. 32 million radio and 10.68 million TV receivers; 1,010 AM, 150 FM, and 167 TV stations; 6 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 24,844,000; 16,220,000 fit for military service; 1,250,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December, 1976, $1,957 million; 9.5% of federal budget BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS LAND About 29,785 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 5,313 km PEOPLE Population: 203,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.4% (2-70 to 2-76) Nationality: noun-British Solomon Islander(s); adjective-British Solomon Islander Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 PAPUA NEW GUINEA BRITISH SOLOMON ISLANDS O?. Pacific Ocean Ethnic divisions: 93.0% Melanesians, 4.0% Polynesians, 1.5% Micronesians, 0.3% Chinese, 0.8% Europeans, 0.4% others Religion: almost all at least nominally Christian; Roman Catholic, Anglican, and Methodist churches dominant Literacy: 60% GOVERNMENT Legal name: British Solomon Islands Protectorate Type: British protectorate administered as crown colony, became self-governing January 1976 Capital: Honiara Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: a High Court plus Magistrates Courts, also a system of native courts throughout the islands Branches: executive authority in High Commis- sioner; a legislative assembly of 24 elected members, a few appointed members Government leaders: Governor D.C.C. Ludding- ton and Chief Minister Kenilorea Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: every 4 years, latest June 1976 Political parties and leaders: United Solomon Islands Party Member of: ADB ECONOMY GDP: $40 million (1973) Agriculture: largely dominated by coconut production with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas; self-sufficient in rice Electric power: 6,000 kW capacity (1975); 13 million kWh produced (1975), 67 kWh per capita Exports: $15.5 million (1975); 39% copra, 27% timber, 23% fish Imports: $29.2 million (1975) Major trade partners: exports-EEC excluding U.K. 42%, Japan 29%; imports-Australia 34%; U.K. 14%, Japan 13% (1975) Budget: (1971) revenues $9.8 million, expenditures $9.9 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Australian dol- lar=US$1.24 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroad: none Highways: 834 km; 241 km sealed or all-weather Inland waterways: none Ports: 5 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 23 total, 22 usable; 1 with permanent surface runway; 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 3 AM broadcast, no FM, and no TV stations; 10,000 radio receivers, 1,544 telephones, no TV sets; international connections with London, England, via cable broadcasts BRUNEI Bandar Seri Begawaj. LAND 5,776 km2; 3% cultivated; 22% industry, waste, urban or other; 75% forested Land boundaries: 381 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 161 km PEOPLE Population: 163,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.4% (8-71 to 7-74) Nationality: noun-Bruneian(s); adjective- Bruneian - Ethnic divisions: 52% Malays, 28% Chinese, 15% indigenous tribes, 5% other Religion: 60% Muslim (Islam official religion); 8% Christian; 32% other (Buddhist and animist) Language: Malay and English official, Chinese Literacy: 45% Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Labor force: 32,155; 30.5% agriculture; 32.8% industry, manufacturing, and construction; 33.8% trade, transport, services; 2.9% other Organized labor: 8.4% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Brunei Type: British protectorate; constitutional sultanate Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitution promulgated by the Sultan in 1959 Branches: Chief of State is Sultan (advised by appointed Privy Council) who appoints Executive Council and Legislative Council Government leader: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Suffrage: universal age 21 and over; 3-tiered system of indirect elections; popular vote cast for lowest level (district councilors) Elections: last elections-March 1965; further elections postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: antigovernment, exiled Brunei People's Party, Chairman A. M. N. Azahari Communists: information not available ECONOMY GNP: $460 million (1975 est.), $2,970 per capita Agriculture: main crops-ruber, rice, pepper, must import most food Major industry: crude petroleum; liquefied natural gas Electric power: 84,000 kW capacity (1975); 220 million kWh produced (1975),'1,400 kWh per capita Exports: $1,000 million (f.o.b., 1975); 95% crude petroleum and liquefied natural gas Imports: $200 million (c.i.f., 1975); 25% machinery and transport equipment, 46% manufactured goods, 16% food 'Major trade partners: exports of crude petroleum and liquefied natural gas to Japan; imports from Japan 30%, U.S. 24%, U.K. 15%, Singapore 9% Budget: (1976) revenues $640 million, expenditures $250 million, surplus $390 million; 20% defense Monetary conversion rate: 2.5 Brunei dollars= US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 9.6 km narrow gage (0.610 m) Highways: 1,207 km; 376 km paved (bituminous treated), 402 km gravel or stone, 428 km unimproved Inland waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than 1.2 meters Ports: 2 minor (Bandar Seri Begawan, formerly Brunei, and Kuala Belait) Pipelines: crude oil, 135 km; refined products, 56 km; natural gas, 56 km; crude oil and natural gas, 241 km under construction Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: service throughout country is adequate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Sabah and Sarawak; radiobroadcast coverage good; 8,612 telephones; 20,500 radio and 12,000 est. TV sets; Radio Brunei broadcasts from 3 AM stations, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 38,000; 22,000 fit for military service; about 1,000 reach military age (18) annually BULGARIA LAND 111,852 km2; 41% arable, 11% other agricultural, 33% forested, 15% other Land boundaries: 1,883 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 354 km PEOPLE Population: 8,795,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Bulgarian(s); adjective- Bulgarian Ethnic divisions: 85.3% Bulgarians; 8.5% Turks, 2.6% Gypsies, 2.5% Macedonians, 0.3% Armenians, 0.2% Russians, 0.6% other Religion: regime promotes -atheism; religious background of population is 85% Bulgarian Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Orthodox, 13% Muslim, 0.8% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, 0.5% Protestant, Gregorian-Armenian and other Language: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely correspond to ethnic breakdown Literacy: 95% (est.) Labor force: 5.0 million (1974); 32% agriculture, 33% industry, 35% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Bulgaria Type: Communist state Capital: Sofiya Political subdivisions: 28 okrugs (districts), including capital city of Sofia Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; new constitution adopted in 1971; judicial review of legislative acts in the State Council", legal education at University of Sofiya; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative, National Assembly; judici- ary, Council of Ministers Government leaders: Todor Zhivkov, Chairman, State Council (President and chief of state); Stanko Todorov, Chairman, Council of Ministers (premier) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: theoretically held every 5 years for National Assembly; last elections held on 20 May 1976; 99.85% of the electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Com- munist Party, Todor Zhivkov, First Secretary; Bulgarian National Agrarian Union, a puppet party, Petur Tanchev, secretary Communists: 788,211 party members (December 1975) Mass organizations and front groups: Fatherland Front, Dimitrov Communist Youth League, Central Council of Trade Unions, National Committee for Defense of Peace, Union of Fighters Against Fascism and Capitalism, Committee of Bulgarian Women, All-National Committee for Bulgarian-Soviet Friendship Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, Warsaw Pact, International Organization of Journalists, International. Medical Association, International Radio and Television Organization ECONOMY GNP: $23.1 billion, 1975 (at 1975 prices), $2,640 per capita; 1970-75 real growth rate, 8.9% Agriculture:. mainly self-sufficient; main crops- grain, vegetables; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1969/70) Fishing: catch 115,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: agricultural processing, machin- ery, textiles and clothing, mining, ore processing, timber Shortages: some raw materials, metal products, meat and dairy products; fodder Crude steel: 2.2 million metric tons produced (1975), 250 kg per capita Electric power: 7 million kW capacity (1975); 25.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 2,860 kWh per capita Exports: $4,682 million (f.o.b., 1975); 41% machinery, equipment, and transportation equip- ment; 15% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, and other industrial material; 2% agricultural raw materials; 32% foodstuffs, raw materials for food industry, and animals; 10% industrial consumer goods (1975) Imports: $5,398 million (f.o.b., 1975); 42% machinery, equipment, and transportation equip- ment; 40% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, other materials; 7% agricultural raw materials; 6% foodstuffs and animals; 5% industrial consumer goods Major trade partners:. $10,080 million in 1975; 20% with non-Communist countries, 80% with Communist countries Monetary conversion rate: .97 leva = US$1 (September 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,314 km; about 4,069 km standard gage (1.435 m), 245 km narrow gage; 260 km double track; 1,256 km electrified; government-owned (1975) . Highways: 32,000 km; 13,190 km paved, 7,552 km crushed stone-and gravel, 11,325 km earth (1974) Inland waterways: 480 km (1976) Freight carried: rail-78.8 million metric tons, 17.3 billion metric ton/km (1975); highway-223 million metric tons, 6.3 billion metric ton/km (1975); waterway-4.3 million metric tons, 2.0 billion metric ton/km (excl. int'l. transit traffic) (1974) Ports: 2 major (Varna, Burgas), 5 minor (1976) Civil air: 33 major transport aircraft (1976) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, est. 507 million leva; about 6% of total budget LAND 678,600 km2; 28% arable, of which 12% is cultivated, 62% forest, 10% urban and other (1969) Land boundaries: 5,850 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 3,060 km PEOPLE Population: 31,501,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (7-70 to 7-73) Nationality: noun-Burman(s); adjective-Bur- mese . Ethnic divisions: 72% Burman, 7% Karen, 6% Shan, 2% Kachin, 2% Chin, 2% Chinese, 3% Indian, 6% other Religion: 85% Buddhist, 15% animist and other Language: Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages Literacy: 70% (official claim) Labor force: 11.9 million (1975); 67% agriculture, 13% industry, 20% services, commerce, and transportation Organized labor: no figure available; old labor organizations have been disbanded, and government is forming one central labor organization GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma Type: republic under 1974 constitution Capital: Rangoon Political subdivisions: seven divisions and seven constituent states; subdivided into townships, villages, and wards Legal system: People's justice system and People's Courts instituted under 1974 constitution; legal education at Universities of Rangoon and Mandalay; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: State Council rules through a Council of Ministers; People's Assembly has legislative power Government leader: Chairman of State Council and President, Gen. U. Ne Win Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: People's Assembly and local People's Councils elected in 1974 Political parties and leaders: government- sponsored Burma Socialist Program Party only legal party Communists: estimated 5,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: People's Patriotic Party; Kachin Independence Army; Karen Nationalist Union, several Shan factions Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $3.2 billion (FY75, in current prices), $110 per capita; real growth rate 2.8% (FY75) Agriculture: accounts for nearly 70% of total employment and about 27% of GDP; main crops- paddy, sugarcane, corn, peanuts; almost 100% self- sufficient; most rice grown in deltaic land Fishing: catch 485,000 metric tons (1975) Major industries: agricultural processing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; petroleum refining Electric power: 450,000 kW capacity (1975); 760 million kWh produced (1975), 24 kWh per capita Exports: $176 million (f.o.b., 1975); rice, teak Imports: $262 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and transportation equipment, textiles, other manufac- tured goods Major trade partners: exports-India, Western Europe, China, U.K., Japan; imports-Japan, Western Europe, India, U.K. Budget: (FY76) $278 million revenues; $436 million expenditures; $158 million deficit; 30% military, 70% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 6.542 kyat=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS 1 Railroads: 3,285 km; 3,172 km meter-gage (1.00 m), 113 km narrow-gage industrial lines; 328 km double track; government-owned Highways: 27,000 km; 3,200 km bituminous, 17,700 km improved earth, gravel, 6,100 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels Ports: 4 major, 6 minor Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft Airfields: 80 total, 79 usable; 23 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 38 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: provide minimum require- ments for local intercity service; international service is fair; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the more Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 populous areas; 29,411 telephones; 627,000 radio, and no TV sets; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: (announced) for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977; $144.5 million, comprising 5.5% of central government budget LAND . 28,490 km2; about 37% arable (about 66% cultivated), 23% pasture, 10% scrub and forest, 30% other Land boundaries: 974 km PEOPLE Population: 3,897,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.4% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Burundian(s); adjective- Burundian Ethnic divisions: Africans-85% Hutu (Bantu), 14% Tutsi (Hamitic), 1% Twa (Pigmy); other Africans include perhaps 50,000 Zairians and 40,000 Rwandans; non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and 1,000 South Asians Religion: about 60% Christian (53% Catholic, 7% Protestant); rest mostly animist plus perhaps 2% Muslims Language: Kirundi and French official plus Swahili (along Lake Tanganyika. and in the Bujumbura area) Literacy: about 15% in Kirundi, 3% in French, no serviceable estimate for Kiswahili Labor force: about 2 million (1976 est.) Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB); by charter, membership is extended to all Burundi workers (informally); figures denoting "active membership" have been unob- tainable GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Burundi Type: republic; military government overthrown by military coup, November 1976; constitution abolished Capital: Bujumbura Political subdivisions: 8 provinces, subdivided into 18 arrondissements and 78 communes; Bujumbura city (population est. 60,000) has status equal to a province Legal system: based on German and French civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Supreme Revolutionary Council is governing body Government leader: Col. Jean Bagaza, Chairman of Supreme Revolutionary Council, established November 1976 Elections: last legislative election May 1965; legislature dissolved in 1966 Political parties and leaders: National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), a predominantly Tutsi party, declared sole legitimate party in 1966, was abolished in November 1976 .Communists: no Communist party; resumed diplomatic relations with the Peoples Republic of China in October 1971 following a six-year suspension; U.S.S.R., North Korea, and Romania also have diplomatic missions. in Burundi Member of: AFDB, EAMA, ECA, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA; ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: about $340 million 2% real growth (1970-74) Agriculture: major cash crops-coffee, cotton; main food crops-manioc, yams, corn, sorghums, .bananas, haricot beans; marginally self-sufficient Industries: light consumer goods such as beverages, blankets, shoes, soap, assembly of imports Electric power: 7,000 kW capacity (1975); 25 million kWh produced (1975), 7 kWh per capita Exports: $46.2 million (f.o.b., 1975); coffee (85%), tea, cotton, hides, skins Imports: $47.5 million (c.i.f., 1975); textiles, foodstuffs, transport equipment, -petroleum products Major trade partners: U.S., EEC countries Aid: $40 million all donors (1975, est. ), major donors EEC, IBRD/IDA, U.N. Budget: FY75-revenue. $39 million, current expenditure $41 million . Monetary conversion rate: 90 Burundi francs= US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 5,954 km; 544 km bituminous, remainder crushed stone, gravel, laterite, and improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika navigable for lake steamers and barges, 1 minor lake port Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 12 total, 12 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in Telecommunications: telegraph is principal service, limited telephones; 4,800 telephones, 100,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 932,000; 484,000 fit for military service; 43,000 reach military age (16) annually Ships: 3 high speed boats Military budget: for fiscal year ending .31 December 1975, $8,556,000; about 23.4% of ordinary budget LAND 181,300 km2; 16% cultivated, 74% forested, 10% built-on area, wasteland, and other Land boundaries: 2,438 km. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: about 443 km PEOPLE Population: 7,887,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.2% (7-68 to 7-69) Nationality: noun-Cambodian(s) or Khmer (sing., pl.); adjective-Cambodian or Khmer Ethnic' divisions: 89% Khmer (Cambodian), 5% Chinese, 3% Vietnamese, 3% other minorities Religion: 95% Theravada Buddhism, 5% various other Language: Cambodian Literacy: 55% (est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Cambodia Type: republic . Capital: Phnom Penh Legal system: Tribunal Committee chosen by People's Representative Assembly Branches: State Presidium, composed of chairman and two vice chairmen; nine-member cabinet, totally Communist, announced on 14 April; 250-member People's Representative Assembly elected 20 March for 5-year term; ten-member Assembly Standing Committee Government leader: Presidium Chairman, Khieu Samphan; Prime Minister, Pol Pot; Deputy Prime Ministers, Ieng Sary, Vorn Vet, Son Sen; Assembly Standing Committee Chairman, Nuon Chea; "high counselor," Penn Nouth, is only remaining symbol of non-Communist participation in government Suffrage: universal over age 18 Political parties and leaders: political life dominated by Khmer Communist Party and panoply of mass front organizations Communists: party strength about 10,000 Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: U.N. ECONOMY GNP: less than $500 million (1971), probably less than $75 per capita (1975) Agriculture: mainly subsistence except for rubber plantations; main crops-rice, rubber, corn; food shortages-rice, meat, vegetables, dairy products, sugar, flour Major industries: rice milling, fishing, wood and wood products, textiles Shortages: fossil fuels Electric power: 122,000 kW capacity (1975); 250 million kWh produced (1975), 35 kWh per capita Exports: probably less than $1 million est. (1975); rubber Imports: probably less than $25 million (1975); food, fuel, machinery Major trade partners: exports-Thailand, China; imports-China, North Korea Aid: economic-$906.1 million est. (FY53-75); U.S. aid, $876.1 million; probably about $25 to $30 million from China and North Korea; military-U.S., $2,228.6 million (FY46-75) Budget: no budget data available since Com- munists took over government Monetary conversion rate: not announced yet by new Khmer Rouge government Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 612 km meter gage (1.00 m); government-owned Highways: 13,036 km; 2,430 km bituminous, 7,033 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; and 3,573 km unimproved earth; some roads in disrepair Inland waterways: 3,700 km navigable all year to craft drawing 0.6 meters; 282 km navigable to craft drawing 1.8 meters Ports: 2 major, 5 minor Airfields: 60 total, 25 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,798,000; 998,000 fit for military service; 78,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: unknown LAND 295,154 km2; 4% cultivated, 18% grazing, 13% fallow, 50% forest, 15% other Land boundaries: 4,554 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 18 nm Coastline: 402 km PEOPLE Population: 6,588,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Cameroonian(s); -adjective- Cameroonian Ethnic divisions: about 200 tribes of widely differing background; 31% Cameroon Highlanders, 19% Equatorial Bantu, 8% Northwestern Bantu, 10% Fulani, 7% Eastern Nigritic, 11% Kirdi, 13% other African, less than 1% non-African Religion: about one-half animist, one-third Christian; rest Muslim Language: English and French official, 24 major African language groups Literacy: South 40%, North 10% Labor force: most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and herding; 200,000 wage earners (maximum) including 22,000 government employees, 63,000 paid agricultural workers, 49,000 in manufacturing Organized labor: under 45% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Republic of Cameroon Type: unitary republic; one-party presidential regime Capital: Yaounde Political subdivisions: 7 provinces divided into 39 departments Legal system: based on French civil law system, with common law influence; new unitary constitution adopted 1972; judicial review in Supreme Court, when a question of constitutionality is referred to it by the President of the Republic; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, legislative, and judicial Government leader: President Ahmadou Ahidjo Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: presidential elections held 5 April 1975; parliamentary elections last held 18 May 1973 Political parties and leaders: single party, Cameroonian National Union (UNC), President Ahmadou Ahidjo Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Cameroon Peoples Union (UPC), an illegal terrorist group now reduced to scattered acts of banditry with its factional leaders in exile Member of: AFBD, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,425 million (mid 1975), per capita about $220; real growth rate about 2.2% per annum Agriculture: commercial and food crops - cocoa, coffee, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, peanuts, palm oil and palm kernels; root starches, livestock, millet, sorghum, and rice Fishing: imports 7,024 metric tons, $2.2 million; exports 909 metric tons (largely shrimp), $3.5 million (1975) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Major industries: small aluminum 'plant, food processing and light consumer goods industries, sawmills Electric power: 358,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.1 billion kWh produced (1975), 170 kWh per capita Exports: $449 million (f.o.b., 1975); cocoa and coffee about 55%; other exports include timber, aluminum, cotton, natural rubber, bananas, peanuts, tobacco, and tea Imports: $598 million (c.i.f., 1975); consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, alumina for refining, petroleum products, food and beverages Major trade partners: about 70% of total trade with France and other EC countries; about 5% of total trade with U.S. Budget: FY76 budget est. balanced at $500 million Monetary conversion rate: 248.22 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 as of August 1976 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,003 km; 858 km meter gage (1.00 m), 145 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: approximately 13,755 km; including 1,231 km bituminous, 12,522 km gravel and earth Inland waterways: 2,090 km Ports: 1 major (Douala), 3 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 63 total, 60 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: good telephone service; fair to good telegraph service; 21,900 telephones; 232,000 radio receivers; 4 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 1 submarine cable; radio-relay Yaounde to Fort Foureau; satellite ground station at Yaounde DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,490,000; 741,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 64,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $51,474,621; 9.5% of central government budget LAND 9,971,500 km2; 4% cultivated, 2% meadows and pastures, 44% forested, 42% waste or urban, 8% inland water Land boundaries: 9,010 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing, 200 nm) Coastline: 90,908 km PEOPLE Population: 23,314,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.4% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Canadian(s); adjective- Canadian Ethnic divisions: 44% British Isles origin, 30% French origin, 26% other Religion: 48% Protestant, 47% Catholic, 5% other Language: English and French official Labor force: 10.0 million; 29% service, 22% manufacturing, 16% trade, 8% transportation and utilities, 6% agriculture, 6% construction, 8% other, 7.0% unemployed Organized labor: 27% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Canada Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign Capital: Ottawa Political subdivisions: 10 provinces and 2 territories Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; constitution is British North America Act of 1867 and various amendments; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: federal executive power vested in cabinet collectively responsible to House of Commons, and headed by Prime Minister; federal legislative authority resides in Parliament consisting of Queen represented by Governor-General, Senate, and Commons; judges appointed by Governor-General on the advice of the government; Supreme Court is highest tribunal Government leader: Pierre Elliott Trudeau Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legal limit of 5 years but in practice held at least every 4 years, last election July 1974 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Political parties and leaders: Liberal, Pierre Trudeau; Progressive-Conservatives, Joe Clark; New Democratic, Edward Broadbent; Social Credit, Real Caouette Voting strength (1974 election): Liberal 43% (139 seats), Progressive Conservative 35% (96 seats), New Democratic Party 16% (16 seats), Social Credit 5% (11 seats), other 1%, Independents hold 1 seat, 2 seats unoccupied Communists: 2,000 approx. Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Common- wealth, DAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRC, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $154.7 billion (1975, in 1975 prices), $6,790 per capita (1975); 59% consumption, 20% investment, 24% government (1975); growth rate 4.3% (1970-75); constant prices Agriculture: main products-livestock, grains (principally wheat), dairy products; food shortages- fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1966-67) Fishing: catch 7 million metric tons; exports 2 million metric tons (1975) Major industries: mining, metals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals Shortages: rubber, rolled steel, fruits, precision instruments Crude steel: 13.0 million metric tons produced (1975) Electric power: 59,576,000 million kW capacity (1975); 272.6 billion kWh produced (1975), 10,000 kWh per capita Exports: $33,104 million (f.o.b., 1975, Canadian source); principal items-transportation equipment, wood and wood products including paper, ferrous and nonferrous ores, crude petroleum, wheat; Canada is a major food exporter Imports: $35,952 million (c.i.f., 1975, Canadian source); principal items-transportation equipment, machinery, crude petroleum, communication equipment, textiles, steel, fabricated metals, office machines, fruits and vegetables Major trade partners: 67% U.S., 16% EC, 5% Japan (1975) Aid: economic-(received) U.S., $388 million (FY46-75); gross official aid to less developed countries and multilateral agencies, $3,688 million (1960-73), $637 million (1973); military-U.S., $13.1 million (FY49-73), none since 1961 Budget: total revenues $30,784 million; current expenditures $33,534 million; gross capital formation $1,144 million; budget deficit $3,894 million (1975) (National Accounts Basis) Monetary conversion rate: there is no designated par value for the Canadian dollar, which was allowed to float freely on the exchanges beginning 1 June 1970; since then the Canadian dollar has moved between US$0.98-1.04 in value, 1975 average IC$ = US$0.9830 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 70,904 km; 69,555 km standard gage (1.435 m) (43 km electrified); 1,170 km 1.067-meter gage (in Newfoundland); 179 -km 0.914-meter gage Highways: 829,308 km; 640,838 km surfaced (189,798 km paved), 188,470 km earth Inland waterways: 3,000 km Pipelines: oil, 21,983 km total crude and refined; natural gas, 74,740 km Ports: 19 major, 300 minor Civil air: 596 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,783 total, 1,445 usable; 285 with permanent-surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,660, 29 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 283 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 58 seaplane stations Telecommunications: excellent service provided by modern telecom media; 13.54 million telephones; 22.0 million radiobroadcast receivers; 9.39 million TV receivers; countrywide AM, FM, and TV coverage including 630 AM, 80 FM, and 500 TV stations; 8 coaxial submarine cables; 3 major COMSAT stations and 70 domestic COMSAT stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,691,000; 4,899,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (17) annually 230,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $3.4 billion; about 8.8% of proposed central government budget CAPE VERDE LAND 4,040 km2, divided among 10 islands and several islets WATER Limits of territorial waters: 100 nm Coastline: 965 km PEOPLE Population: 299,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.0% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: adjective-Cape Verdian Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 CAPE VERDE 0o G ao Praia THE GA BA SENEGAL GUINEA= BISSAU Ethnic divisions: about 28% African; .70% mulatto; 2% European Religion: Catholicism, fused with local supersti- tions Language: Portuguese and crtoula, a blend of Portuguese and West African words Literacy: 14% Labor force: bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cape Verde Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in July 1975 Capital: Praia Political subdivisions: 10 islands Legal system: to be determined Branches: National Assembly, 56 members; the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: President, Aristides Pereira; Prime Minister, Pedro Pires; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Abilio Duarte Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: to be determined Political parties and leaders: Partido Africano da Independencia da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), led by Aristide Pereira, only legal party Communists: none known Member of: OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GDP: $33.5 million (1973 est.); $110 per capita income Agriculture: main crops-corn, beans, manioc, sweet potatoes; barely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch, 4,400 metric tons (1974); largely undeveloped but provides major source of export earnings Major industries: salt mining Electric power: 6,000 kW capacity (1975); 7 million kWh produced (1975); 25 kWh per capita Exports: $2 million (f.o.b., 1973); fish, bananas, salt Imports: $34 million (c.i.f., 1973); machinery, textiles Major trade partners: Portugal, African neighbors Aid: Portugal, $20 million (1974), for civil service salaries, food, medicines; U.S., $5 million (1975), for food and employment of rural workers Budget: (est. 1974) $32 million expenditures, $12 million revenues Monetary conversion rate: 27 escudos=US$1 (September 1975) Fiscal year: probably calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Ports: 1 major (Mindelo), 3 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft (registered in Portugal) Airfields: 6 total, 6 usable; 4 permanent surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: interisland radio-relay system, HF radio to mainland Portugal, about 1,600 telephones; 1 FM, 3 AM stations; 30,000 radio receivers, 4 submarine cables (2 coaxial) LAND 626,780 km2; 10%-15% cultivated, 5% dense forests, 80%-85% grazing, fallow, vacant arable land, urban, waste Land boundaries: 4,981 km PEOPLE Population: 1;846,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.2% (7-67 to 7-71) Nationality: noun-Central African(s); adjective Central African Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Ethnic divisions: approximately 80 ethnic groups, the majority of which have related ethnic and linguistic characteristics; Banda (32%) and Baya- Mandjia (29%) are largest single groups; 6,500 Europeans, of whom 6,000 are French and majority of the rest Portuguese Religion: 40% Protestant, 28% Catholic, 27% animist, 5% Muslim; animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority Language: French official; Sangho, the lingua franca and unofficial national language Literacy: estimated at 5%-10% Labor force: about half the population economi- cally active, 80% of whom are in agriculture; approximately 64,000 salaried workers Organized labor: 1% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Central African Empire Type: parliamentary monarchy-founded on a single party Capital: Bangui Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures, 47 subpre- fectures Legal system: based on French, Islamic, and tribal law; in 1966 the Chief of State assumed all power and abrogated the existing constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Marshall Bokassa heads government and rules by decree; assisted by cabinet called Council of Ministers; judiciary, including Supreme Court, court of appeals, criminal court, and numerous lower courts Government leader: Emperor Salah Ad-Din Ahmad Bokassa I Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: none have been held under Bokassa regime Political parties and leaders: Movement for the Social Evolution of Black Africa (MESAN), ruling party under former regime, still in existence but plays little role, led by Emperor Salah Ad-Din Ahmad Bokassa Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $266 million (1974), $150 per capita Agriculture: commercial-cotton, coffee, peanuts, sesame, wood; main food crops-manioc, corn, peanuts, rice, potatoes, beef; requires wheat, flour, rice, beef, and sugar imports January 1977 Major industries: sawmills, cotton textile mills, brewery, diamond mining and splitting Electric power: 27,000 kW capacity (1975); 65 million kWh produced (1975), 38 kWh per capita Exports: $73 million (f.o.b., 1975); cotton, coffee, diamonds, timber Imports: $98 million (c.i.f., 1975 est.); textiles, petroleum products, machinery and electrical equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, chemicals and pharmaceuticals Aid: economic (through 1975)-U.S., $10.3 million; EC, $73.8 million; U.N., $11.5 million; other international organizations, $23.4 million; Com- munist Countries (1964-75), $7.2 million Major trade partners: France; preferential tariff applied to EC countries and franc zone; Yugoslavia, Japan, U.S. Budget: 1974 budget estimates-receipt $65.4 million, current expenditure $71.7 million Monetary conversion rate: 248.22 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 as of August 1976 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 20,400 km; 190 km bituminous, 4,120 km gravel and/or crushed stone, 4,090 km improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 7,080 km; traditional trade carried on by means of dugouts on the extensive system of, rivers and streams; the Oubangui River between Bangui and Brazzaville is navigable for about 8 months a year, and short sections of the Sangha and the Lobaye Rivers are navigable throughout year; during high-water period (July - December) Oubangui navigable upstream from Bangui as far as Ouango Ports: Bangui, Ouango (river ports) Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 54 total, 48 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: facilities are meager and provide only barely sufficient services; network is composed of low-capacity, low-powered radiocom- munication stations and radio-relay links; single center of Bangui has only international radio connections; 5,100 telephones; 70,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 460,000; 237,000 fit for military service Supply: mainly dependent on France, but has received equipment from Israel, Italy, U.S.S.R. Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 LAND 1,284,640 km2; 17% arable, 35% pastureland, 2% forest and scrub, 46% other uses and waste Land boundaries: 5,987 km PEOPLE Population: 4,155,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.1% (7-72 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Chadian(s); adjective- Chadian Ethnic divisions: over 240 tribes representing 12 major ethnic groups-Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Fulani, Kotoko, Hausa, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, and Wadai) in the north and center and non- Muslims (Sara, Mayo-Kebbi, and Chari) in the south; some 150,000 nonindigenous, 5,000 of them French Religion: about half Muslim, 5% Christian, remainder animist Language: French official; Chadian Arabic is lingua franca in north, Sara and Sangho in south Literacy: estimated 5%-10% Labor force: only 55% of population in economically active group, of which 90% are engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing; 47,000 wage earners in industry and civil service Organized labor: about 20% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Chad Type: republic; military regime in power since April 1975 Capital: N'Djamena Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; constitution adopted 1962; constitution suspended and national assembly dissolved April 1975; judicial review of legislative acts in theory a power of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive authority exercised by Supreme Military Council composed of 9 officers Government leader: President of Supreme Military Council, General Felix Malloum Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: all political activity banned Political parties and leaders: political parties banned Communists: no front organizations or un- derground party; probably a few Communists and some sympathizers - Other political or pressure groups: lightly armed Muslim rebel bands have been opposing the government since October 1965 in east-central and since August 1969 in northern Chad Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, FAO, GATT, ICAC, ICAO, IBRD, IDA, IMF, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, OAU, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: '$375 million (est. 1974), $90 per capita; estimated real annual growth rate nearly zero since 1971 + Agriculture: commercial-cotton, gum arabic, livestock, fish; food crops-peanuts, millet, sorghum, rice, dates, manioc, wheat; imports food Fishing: catch 115,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: agricultural and livestock processing plants (cotton textile mill, slaughterhouses, brewery), natron Electric power: 22,000 kW capacity (1975), 60 million kWh produced (1975), 15 kWh per capita Exports: $68 million (f.o.b., 1974); cotton' 74% Imports: $114 million (c.i.f., 1974); cement, petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery, textiles, and motor vehicles Major trade partners: France (about 40% in 1973) and UDEAC countries; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Aid: major source France, more than $10 million (1971-73); EDF, more than $15 million (1971-73); U.S. (FY62-74), $24.9 million; U.S.S.R., $5.0 million (1968-75); China, $67.6 million (1971-75); military aid (1954-68)-$5.4 million; from France, $4.1 million, remainder from West Germany and Israel; more than $10 million annually (est.) in French military aid (1969-71) Budget: 1974 ordinary budget-$90 million Monetary conversion rate: 248.22 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 as of August 1976 (floating) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Highways: 27,505 km; 242,km bituminous, 4,385 km gravel and laterite, and remainder unimproved Inland waterways: approximately 2,090 km of year-round navigability, increased to 4,830 km during high-water period Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 67 total, 63 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 25 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: fair system of radiocom- munication stations only for intercity links; principal center N'Djamena, secondary center Sarh; 5,480 telephones; 70,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 985,000; 507,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 40,000 Supply: dependent on France primarily Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 ..December 1976, $15.5 million; about 18% of total budget CHILE LAND 740,740 km2; 2% cultivated, 7% other arable, 15% permanent pasture, grazing, 29% forest, 47% barren mountains, deserts, and cities Land boundaries: 6,325 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 6,435 km PEOPLE Population: 10,543,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Chilean(s); adjective- Chilean Ethnic divisions: 95% European stock and mixed European with some Indian admixture, 3% Indian, 2% other Religion: 89% Roman Catholic, 11% Protestant Language: Spanish Literacy: 89% Labor force: 3.3 million (1973); 19% agricultural, 28% industry and construction, 29% services, 14% commerce, 5% mining, 5% other (1973) Organized labor: 25% of labor force (1973) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Chile Type: republic Capital: Santiago Political subdivisions: reorganization of regional structure in progress Legal system: based on Code 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent codes influenced by French and Austrian law; constitution adopted 1925, amended since then, currently being revised; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Chile, Catholic University, and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President and 4-man Military-Police Junta; bicameral legislature currently dissolved; independent judiciary Government leader: President, Gen. Augusto PINOCHET Ugarte; other junta members, Adm. Jose Toribio MERINO Castro, Gen. Gustavo LEIGH Guzman, Gen. Cesar MENDOZA Duran Suffrage: universal (except enlisted military and police) and compulsory at age 18 Elections: none scheduled Political parties and leaders: Christian Demo- cratic Party (PDC), Patricio Aylwin and Eduardo Frei; National Party (PN), Sergio Onofre Jarpa; PDC and PN are officially in "recess"; Popular Unity coalition parties (outlawed)-Communist Party (PCCh), Luis Corvalan (in prison); Socialist Party (PS), Clodomiro Almeyda and Carlos Altamirano (both in exile); Radical Party (PR); Christian Left (IC); United Popular Action Movement (MAPU); Independent Popular Action (API) Voting strength (1970 presidential election): 36.6% Popular Unity coalition, 35.3% conservative independent, 28.1% Christian Democrat; (1973 Congressional election) 44% Popular Unity coalition, 56% Democratic Confederation (PDC and PN) Communists: 200,000 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Other political or pressure groups: organized labor; business organizations; landowners' associa- tions (SNA-Sociedad Nacional de Agricultura); extreme leftist, Movement of Revolutionary Left (MIR), outlawed; rightist, Patria y Libertad (PyL), outlawed Member of: AIOEC, CIPEC, ECOSOC, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $8.3 billion (1975), $780 per capita; 80.3% private consumption, 13.4% government consump- tion; 13.9% gross investment, -7.6% net imports and factor payments abroad (1972 est.); real growth rate, 1970-75 average annual increase -0.47% Agriculture: main crops-wheat, other cereals, potatoes; about 65% self-sufficient; 2,650 calories per day per capita (1971 est.) Fishing: catch 1,127,000 metric tons (1974); exports $49.1 million (1975) . Major industries: copper, nitrates, foodstuffs, fish processing, textiles and apparel, iron. and steel, pulp and paper Crude steel: 0.7 million metric tons capacity (1967); 488,400 metric tons produced (1975), 50 kq per capita Electric power: 2,600,000 kW capacity (1975); 9.8 billion kWh produced (1975), 900 kWh per capita Exports: $1.5 billion (f.o.b., 1975); copper, iron ore, paper products, nitrates, iodine, and fresh fruit Imports: $1.8 billion (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs, petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals Major trade partners: exports-41 % 41 % EC, 11 % Japan, 8% U.S., 29% LAFTA; imports-17% EC, 29% U.S., 27% LAFTA (1975) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-73), $1,484.6 million loans, $224 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $720 million (of which IBRD $266 million, IDB $409 million); from other Western countries (1960-66), $170.6 million; from Communist countries (1967-75), $447.7 million; military (FY53-75)-from U.S., $62 million in loans, $154 million in grants Budget: $1.8 billion revenues, $2.3 billion expenditures (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 15 pesos=US$1 (October 1976), changes frequently Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 8,817 km; 3,337 km 1.676-meter gage, 246 km standard gage (1.435 m), 4,230 km meter gage (1.00 m), 110 km narrow gage (0.760 m), 35 km 0.600- meter gage, 857 km, specific gage not given; 318 km double track; 1,137 km electrified Highways: 63,750 km; 8,900 km paved, 31,800 km gravel, 23,050 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 725 km Pipelines: crude oil, 755 km; refined products, 785 km; natural gas, 320 km Ports: 10 major, 20 minor Civil air: 44 major transport aircraft Airfields: 353 total, 353 usable; 43 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 54 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: extensive radio relay network; telephone network modern, 476,000 instruments; COMSAT ground station; 2.75 million radio and 1 million TV receivers; 153 AM, 30 FM, and 55 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,771,000; 2,088,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 98,000 Military budget: for fiscal -year ending 31 December 1976, US$394.9 million; about 21.2% of central government budget CHINA, PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF LAND 9.6 million km2; 11% cultivated, sown area extended by multicropping, 78% desert, waste, or urban (32% of this area consists largely of denuded wasteland, plains, rolling hills, and basins from which about 3% could be reclaimed), 8% forested; 2%-3% inland water Land boundaries: 24,000 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 14,500 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 PEOPLE Population: 958,540,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Chinese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive-Chinese Ethnic divisions: 94% Han Chinese; 6% Chuang, Uighur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu, Mongol, Pu-I, Korean, and numerous lesser nationalities Religion: most people, even before 1949, have been pragmatic and eclectic, not seriously religious; most important elements of religion are Confucianism, Taoism, Buddhism, ancestor worship; about 2%-3% Muslim, 1% Christian Language: Chinese (Mandarin mainly; also Cantonese, Wu, Fukienese, Amoy, Hsiang, Kan, Hakka dialects), and minority languages (see ethnic divisions above) Literacy: at least 25% Labor force: 335 million (mid-1966); 85% agriculture, 15% other; shortage of skilled labor (managerial, technical, mechanics, etc.); surplus of unskilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of China Type: Communist state; real authority lies with Communist party's political bureau; the National People's Congress, in theory the highest organ of government, in reality merely rubber stamps the party's programs; the State Council is the actual governing organism Capital: Peking Political subdivisions: 21 provinces, 3 centrally governed municipalities, and 5 autonomous regions Legal system: before 1966, a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal; little ostensible development of uniform code of administrative and civil law; highest judicial organ is Supreme People's Court although legal activity centered in parallel network of Public Security organs; laws and legal procedure clearly subordinated to priorities of party policy; whole system largely suspended during Cultural Revolution, but gradually being revived Branches: prior to 1966 control was exercised by Chinese Communist Party, through State Council, which supervised more than 50 ministries, commis- sions, bureaus, etc., all technically under the standing committee of the National People's Congress; this system broke down under "Cultural Revolution" pressures but has been reconsolidated and streamlined to 29 ministries Government leader: Premier of State Council, Hua Kuo-feng; government subordinate to central committee of CCP, under Chairman Hua Kuo-feng Suffrage: universal over age 18, though this is academic January 1977 Elections: no meaningful elections Political parties and leaders: Chinese Communist Party (CCP), headed by Hua Kuo-feng; Hua is Chairman of Central Committee; a new central committee was formed at the 10th Party Congress held in August 1973 Voting strength: 100% Communist for practical purposes; no political nonconformity permitted Communists: about 30 million. party members in 1973 Other political or pressure groups: army (PLA) remains a major force, although many soldiers who acquired a wide range of civil political-administrative duties during the Cultural Revolution have been removed; many veteran civilian officials, in eclipse since the Cultural Revolution, have been reinstated; mass organizations, such as the trade unions and the youth league, have been rebuilt in the provinces; plans are underway to rebuild the national organizations Member of: FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, Red Cross, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, other international bodies ECONOMY GNP: $299 billion (1975), $320 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rice, wheat, miscellane- ous grains, cotton; caloric intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1975); agriculture mainly subsistence; grain imports 3.3 metric million tons in 1975 Major industries: iron and steel, coal, machine building, armaments, textiles Shortages: complex machinery and equipment, highly skilled scientists and technicians Crude steel: 26.0 million metric tons produced, 28 kg per capita (1975) Exports: $6.9 billion (f.o.b., 1975); agricultural products, minerals and metals, manufactured goods Imports: $7.4 billion (c.i.f., 1975); grain, chemical fertilizer, industrial raw materials, machinery and equipment Major trade partners: Japan, Hong Kong, West Germany, Singapore/Malaysia, France, U.S., Canada, Australia, U.K., U.S.S.R. (1974) Monetary conversion rate: about 2 yuan=US$1 (arbitrarily established) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: networks total about 43,500 route km common-carrier lines; about 600 km meter gage (1.00 m); rest standard gage (1.435 m); all single track except 8,700 km double track on standard gage lines; Paochi to Chengtu line electrified; about 9,500 km industrial lines (gages range from 0.59 to 1.435 m) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Highways: about 800,000 km all types roads; almost half (350,000 km) unimproved natural earth roads and tracks; about 190,000 km improved earth roads about 2- to 5-meters wide and in poor to fair condition; remainder (about 240,000 km) includes majority of principal roads Ports: 9 major, 180 minor Airfields: 382 total; 243 with permanent-surface runways; 7 with runways over 3,660 m, 78 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 212 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: urban and industrial areas served by reasonably adequate facilities for domestic and international communication needs; facilities being expanded; effective broadcast coverage is provided by radio, extensive wired-broadcast networks, and an expanding TV network; estimated 5 million telephones, 45 million radio receivers, 140 million wired-speakers and 350,000 TV receivers; 250 AM, 1 FM, and 105 TV transmitter and rebroadcast stations; 3 standard international communications satellite ground stations; coaxial cable links Canton to Hong Kong; submarine cable links Shanghai to Japan; additional submarine cables planned CHINA, REPUBLIC OF LAND 32,260 km2 (Taiwan and Pescadores); 24% cultivated, 6% pasture, 55% forested, 15% other (urban, industrial, denuded, water area) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 990 km Taiwan, 459 km offshore islands PEOPLE Population: 16,453,000, excluding the population of Quemoy and Matsu Islands and foreigners (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.9% (1-75 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Chinese (sing., pl. ); adjec- tive-Chinese Ethnic divisions: 84% Taiwanese, 14% mainland Chinese, 2% aborigines Religion: 93% mixture of Buddhism, Confucian- ism, and Taoism; 4.5% Christian; 2.5% other Language: Chinese Mandarin (official language), also Taiwanese and Hakka dialect Literacy: about 90% Labor force: 4.9 million; 33% primary industry (agriculture), 32.1% secondary industry (including manufacturing, mining, construction), 34.9% tertiary industry (including commerce and services) 1972; 5% unemployment (1975 est.) Organized labor: about 12% of 1972 labor force (government controlled) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of China Type: republic; one-party presidential regime Capital: Taipei Political subdivisions: 16 counties, 4 cities, 1 special municipality (Taipei) Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1947, amended 1960 to permit Chiang Kai-shek to be reelected, and amended 1972 to permit President to restructure certain government organs; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: 5 independent branches (executive, legislative, judicial, plus traditional Chinese functions of examination and control), dominated by executive branch; President and Vice President elected by National Assembly Government leaders: President Yen Chia-kan; Premier Chiang Ching-kuo Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: national level-legislative yuan every 3 years but no general election held since 1948 election on mainland (partial elections for Taiwan province representatives December 1969, December 1972, and December 1975); local level-provincial assembly, county and municipal executives every 4 years; county and municipal assemblies every 4 years Political parties and leaders: Kuomintang, or National Party, led by Chairman Chiang Ching-kuo, has no real opposition; 2 insignificant parties are Democratic Socialist Party, Young China Party Voting strength (1972 provincial assembly election): 58 seats Kuomintang, 13 seats in- dependents Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: expelled from U.N. General Assembly and Security Council on 25 October 1971 and Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 withdrew on same date from other charter-designated subsidiary organs; attempting to retain membership in international financial institutions; ICAC, ISO, IWC- International Wheat Council ECONOMY GNP: $14.7 billion (1975, in 1975 prices), $920 per capita; real growth, 8.3% (1970-75 average) Agriculture: most arable land intensely farmed- 60% cultivated land under irrigation; main crops- rice, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, bananas, pineapples, citrus fruits; food shortages-wheat, corn, soybeans Fishing: catch 779,825 metric tons (1975) Major industries: textiles, clothing, chemicals, plywood, electronics, sugar milling, food processing, cement, ship building Electric power: 5,500,000 kW capacity (1975); 21.8 billion kWh produced (1975), 1,300 kWh per capita Exports: $5,309 million (f.o.b., 1975); 31% textiles, 14% electrical machinery, 6% plywood and wood products, 7% machinery and metal products, 7% plastics, 5% sugar Imports: $5,952 million (c.i.f., 1975); 18% machinery, 9% electrical machinery, 9% basic metals,' 10% crude oil, 10% chemical products Major trade partners: exports-34% U.S., 13% Japan; imports-30% Japan, 28% U.S. (1975) Aid: economic-U.S. (FY46-75), $3.2 billion committed; IBRD (1964-75), $311 million commit- ted; Japan (1965-74), $247 million committed; ADB (1968-75), $93 million committed; military-U.S. (FY46-75), $4.2 billion committed Budget: $2.9 billion (FY77) Monetary conversion rate: NT$38 (New Tai- wan)=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: about 1,000 km common-carrier and 3,500 km industrial lines, all on Taiwan; common- carrier lines consist of West System: 825 km meter gage (1.00 m) with 325 km double track; East Line: 175 km narrow gage (0.762 m); common-carrier lines owned by government and operated by Railway Administration (TRA) under Ministry of Communica- tions; industrial lines owned and operated by government enterprises Highways: network totals 16,575 km plus 483 km on Penghu and offshore islands; 7,564 km paved, 6,276 km gravel and crushed stone, 2,736 km earth Pipelines: 615 km refined products, 97 km natural gas Ports: 4 major, 5 minor Airfields: 37 total, 35 usable; 26 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 10 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 10 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations January 1977 Telecommunications: good international and domestic service; 1.08 million telephones; est. 3 million radio receivers; 2.5 million TV receivers; 111 AM, 6 FM broadcast stations; 3 TV systems; 2 international COMSAT ground stations; radio relay links to Hong Kong and the Philippines; new inter- island submarine cables; Manila submarine cable planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,062,000; 3,178,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching military age (19) annually 192,000 LAND 1,139,600 km2; settled area 28% consisting of cropland and fallow 5%, pastures 14%, woodland, swamps, and water 6%, urban and other 3%; unsettled area 72%-mostly forest and savannah Land boundaries: 6,035 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 2,414 km PEOPLE Population: 24,541,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Colombian(s); adjective- Colombian Ethnic divisions: 58% mestizo, 20% caucasian, 14% mulatto, 4% Negro, 3% mixed Negro-Indian, 1% Indian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 47% of population over 15 years old Labor force: 5.6 million (1966); 47% agriculture, 13% manufacturing, 18% services, 9% commerce, 13% other (1964);?10%-13% unemployment (1975) Organized labor: 13% of labor force (1968) COLOMBIA p c Caribbean Sea Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 GOVERNMENT Crude steel: 0.37 million metric tons production Legal name: Republic of Colombia (1972), 20 kg per capita Type: republic; executive branch dominates government structure Capital: Bogota Political subdivisions: 22 departments, 4 territorial districts, 4 special districts, 1 federal district . Legal system: based on Spanish law; religious courts regulate marriage and divorce; constitution decreed in 1886, amendments codified in 1946 and 1968; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President, bicameral legislature, judiciary Government leader: President Alfonso Lopez Michelsen Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: every fourth year; last presidential and congressional elections April 1974; . municipal and departmental elections, April 1976 Political parties and leaders: Liberal Party, President Alfonso Lopez Michelsen; Conservative Party, Alvaro Gomez Hurtado Voting strength: 1974 presidential election- Alfonso Lopez Michelsen 55%, Alvaro Gomez Hurtado 32%, Maria Eujenia Rojas de Moreno 9.5%; 1976 municipal election, 52% Liberal Party, 40% Conservative Party, 7% combined far left parties; 70% abstention of eligible voters Communists: 10,000-12,000 members est. Other political or pressure groups: Communist Party (PCC), Gilberto Vieira White; PCC/ML, Chinese Line Communist Party, led by Pedro Lupo Leon Arboleda Roldan - Member of: FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (created in .May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $14.51 billion, est. (1975, in 1975 prices), $650 per capita; 69% private consumption, 7% public consumption, 25 % gross investment, -1 % net foreign balance (1974); real growth rate (1975), 4.0%; average real growth rate (1971-75), 5.8% Agriculture: main crops-coffee, rice, corn, sugarcane, plantains, bananas, cotton, tobacco; caloric intake, 2,140 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 90,500 metric tons 1974; exports $9.9 million (1972), imports $7.1 million (1972) Major industries: textiles, food processing, clothing and footwear, beverages, chemicals, and metal products Electric power: 3,300,000 kW capacity (1975); 12 billion kWh produced (1975), 510 kWh per capita Exports: $1.7 billion (f.o.b., 1975 est.); coffee, fuel oil, cotton, tobacco, sugar, textiles, cattle and hides Imports: $1.3 billion (c.i.f., 1975 est.); transporta- tion equipment, machinery, industrial metals and raw materials, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, fuels, fertilizers, paper and paper products, foodstuffs and beverages Major trade partners: exports-36% U.S., 16% Germany, 7% Spain; imports-40% U.S., 10% Germany, 8% Japan, 4% Spain (1973) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $1,279 million loans, $302 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $1.8 billion; from other Western countries (1960-71), $77.6 million; from Communist countries (1968-75) $24.5 million ($2.7 million drawn); military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $155 million Budget: (1974) revenues $1.23 billion; expenditures $1.23 billion Monetary conversion rate: 34.760 (June 1976, changes frequently) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,456 km, all 0.914-meter gage, single track, 35 km electrified Highways: 56,650 km; 7,150 km paved, 37,350 km crushed stone or gravel, 8,150 km improved earth Inland waterways: 14,300 km, navigable by river boats Pipelines: crude oil, 3,220 km; refined products, 1,330 km; natural gas, 590 km; natural gas liquids, 125 km Ports: 5 major, 5 minor Civil air: 120 major transport aircraft Airfields: 719 total, 683 usable; 42 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 85 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 11 seaplane stations Telecommunications: nationwide radio-relay system; COMSAT ground station; 1.28 million telephones; 6.5 million radio and 1.4 million TV receivers; 325 AM, 130 FM, and 56 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES. - Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,164,000; 3,365,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 236,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $134.2 million; about. 9% of central government budget Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 COMOROS LAND 2,170 km2; 4 main islands; forests 16%, pasture 7%, cultivable area 48%, non-cultivable area 29% WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; 200 nm exclusive economic zone Coastline: 340 km PEOPLE Population: 318,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Comoran(s); adjective- Comoran Ethnic divisions: mixture of Arab, Malay, Negroid Religion: predominantly Islamic Language: French, Arabic, Swahili Literacy: presumably low Labor force: mainly agricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of the Comoros Type: three of the four islands comprise an independent republic, following local government's unilateral declaration of independence from France in July 1975; other island disallowed declaration and its status is undecided Capital: Moroni Political subdivisions: 3 prefectures, 3 district councils Legal system: French and Muslim law Branches: supreme authority exercised by the President and an 11-member National Executive Council; Prime Minister heads nine-man cabinet Government leader: Ali Soilih, President of National Executive Council Suffrage: universal adult Elections: at discretion of Council of Ministers, on advice of President; must be held before expiration of 5-year electoral mandate Political parties and leaders: Comoran Demo- cratic Union, Mohammed Dahlani; Democratic Assembly of Comoros People, Said Mohamed Jaffar; Comoros Socialist Party; Umma, Prince Said Ibrahim; Mahorais Movement, Marcel Henry Voting strength: in elections for Chamber of Deputies in 1972, independence coalition of CDU and DACP won 34 seats, Mahorais Movement won 5 Communists: information not available Member of: OAU ECONOMY GDP: about $45 million (1973), $160 per capita; growth probably negligible through 1974 Agriculture: food crops-rice, manioc, potatoes, fruits, vegetables; export crops-essential oils for perfumes (mainly ylang-ylang), vanilla, copra, cloves Exports: $13 million (1974); perfume oils, vanilla, copra, cloves Imports: $37 million (1974); foodstuffs, cement, fuels, chemicals, textiles Major trade partners: France, Malagasy Republic, Italy, Kenya, Tanzania and U.S. Electric power: 1,000 kW capacity (1975); 3 million kWh produced (1975); 10 kWh per capita Aid: French aid in 1971 was about $2.7 million, or about 50% of the island's entire budget; Arab League, $10 million in 1976 Budget: 1974-revenues, $10.5 million, current expenditures, $9.4 million, investment expenditures, $1.3 million Monetary conversion rate: 216 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 as of January 1975 (floating since February 1973) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 999 km; approximately 295 km bituminous, remainder crushed stone or gravel Ports: 1 minor (Moroni on Grande Comore) Civil air: 7 major transports (registered in France) Airfields: 5 total, 5 usable; 5 with permanent surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: minimal system of HF radiocommunication stations for interisland, island and external communications to Malagasy and Reunion; Dzaoudzi center but of slight significance; 1,380 telephones; 36,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations LAND 349,650 km2; 63% dense forest or woodland, 33% cultivable or grazing (2% cultivated est.), 4% urban or waste Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm Coastline: 169 km PEOPLE Population: 1,400,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Congolese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive-Congolese or Congo Ethnic divisions: about 15 ethnic groups divided into some 75 tribes, almost all Bantu; most important ethnic groups are Kongo (48%) in south, Teke (17%) in center, M'Bochi (12%) and Sangha (20%) in north; about 8,500 Europeans, mostly French Religion: about half animist, half nominally Christian, less than 1% Muslim Language: French official, many African lan- guages with Lingala and Kikongo most widely used Literacy: about 20% Labor force: about 40% of population economi- cally active, most engaged in subsistence agriculture; 79,100 wage earners; 40,000-60,000 unemployed Organized labor: 16% of total labor force (1965 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of the Congo Type: republic; military regime established September 1968 Capital: Brazzaville Political subdivisions: 9 regions divided into districts Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1973 Branches: President, Prime Minister, Council of State; National Assembly; judiciary; all policy made by. Congolese Worker Party Central Committee and Politburo Government leaders: President, Major Marien Ngouabi; Prime Minister Louis Goma Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: last legislative elections June 1973 Political parties and leaders: Congolese Workers Party (PCT) is only legal party; president, Marien Ngouabi Communists: unknown number of Communists and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Union of Congolese Socialist Youth (UJSC), Congolese Trade Union Congress (CSC), Revolutionary Union of Congolese Union (URFC), General Union of Congolese Pupils and Students (UGEEC) Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about $600 million (1974 est.), $580 per capita; real growth rate about 5% per year (1971-74) Agriculture: cash crops-sugarcane, wood, coffee, cocoa, palm kernels, peanuts, tobacco; food crops- root crops, rice, corn, bananas, manioc, fish Fishing: catch 19,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: crude oil, sawmills, brewery, cigarettes, sugar mill, soap Electric power: 47,000 kW capacity (1975); 115 million kWh produced (1975), 85 kWh per capita Exports: $222 million (f.o.b., 1975); oil (58%), lumber, sugar, tobacco, veneer, and plywood Imports: $227 million (f.o,b., 1975); machinery, transport equipment, manufactured consumer goods, iron and steel, foodstuffs, petroleum products Major trade partners: France and other EC countries Budget: 1973-revenue $82 million, expenditures $104 million Monetary conversion rate: 248.22 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 as of August 1976 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 784 km, 1,065-meter gage, single track Highways: 8,302 km; 365 km bituminous surface treated; remainder gravel, laterite, or improved earth Inland waterways: 6,485 km navigable Ports: 1 major (Pointe Noire) Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 68 total, 51 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: services adequate for government and public; network is comprised of low- capacity, low-powered radiocommunication stations, Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 CONGO/COOK ISLANDS/COSTA RICA coaxial cables and wire lines; key centers are Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, and Dolisie; 10,200 telephones; 81,000 radio receivers; 2,700 TV receivers; 3 AM stations, no FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 332,000; 166,000 fit for military service; about 13,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $37,517,400; about 17% of central government budget COOK ISLANDS AP N EW 1 NEA LAND About 240 km2 WATER Limits.of territorial waters:. 3 nm Coastline: about 120 km PEOPLE Population: 19,000, official estimate for 30 June 1974 Nationality: noun-Cook Islander(s); adjective- Cook Islander Ethnic divisions: 81.3% Polynesian (full blood), 7.7% Polynesian and European, 7.7% Polynesian and other, 2.4% European, 0.9% other Religion: Christian, majority of populace members of Cook Islands Christian Church GOVERNMENT Legal name: Cook Islands Type: self-governing 'in "free association" with New Zealand; Cook Islands government fully responsible for internal affairs and has right at any time to move, to full independence by unilateral action; New Zealand retains responsibility for external affairs, in consultation with Cook Islands government Capital: Rarotonga COOK ISLANDS NEW ZEALAND Branches: New Zealand Governor General appoints Representative to Cook Islands, who represents the Queen and the New Zealand government; Repre- sentative appoints the Premier; Legislative Assembly of 22 members, popularly elected; House of Arikis (chiefs), 15 members, appointed by Representative, an advisory body only Government leader: Premier Albert Henry Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 4 years, latest in December 1975 Political parties and leaders: Cook Islands Party, Sir Albert Henry; Democratic Party, Dr. Thomas Davis Voting strength (1974): Cook Islands Party, 13 seats; Democratic Party, 9 seats ECONOMY GDP: $400 per capita (1973) Agriculture: export crops include copra, citrus fruits, pineapple, tomatoes, and bananas, with subsistence crops of yams and taro Industry: fruit processing Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1975); 9 million kWh produced (1975), 473 kWh per capita Exports: $2.7 million (1971); fruit juice, clothing, citrus fruits Imports: $5.8?million (1971) Major trade partners: (1970) exports-98% New Zealand, imports-76% New Zealand, 7% Japan Monetary conversion rate: 1 NZ$=US$0.9947 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 260 km; 19 km paved, 109 km gravel, 84 km improved earth, 48 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total; 1 with composite surface runway 2,206 m, 3 with natural surface runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: 6 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; 7,000 radio receivers, and 960 telephones COSTA RICA LAND 51,000 km2; 30% agricultural land (8% cultivated, 22% meadows and pasture), 60% forested, 10% waste, urban, and other Land boundaries: 670 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm; specialized competence over living resources to 200 nm) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Coastline: 1,290 km PEOPLE Population: 2,041,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.4% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Costa Rican(s); adjective- Costa Rican Ethnic divisions: 98% white (including mestizo), 2% Negro Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: about 85% Labor force: 585,313 (1975); 36% agriculture; 12% manufacturing; 11% commerce; 6% construction; 5% transportation, utilities; 20% service (government, education, social); 2% finance; 8% other; 7.4% unemployment (1973) Organized labor: about 11.5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Costa Rica Type: unitary republic Capital: San Jose Political subdivisions: 7 provinces Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Costa Rica; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President, unicameral legislature, Supreme Court elected by legislature Government leader: President Daniel Oduber Suffrage: universal and compulsory age 18 and over Elections: every 4 years; next, February 1978 Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Party (PLN), temporarily . unfilled; National Unification Party (PUN), Francisco Calderon Guardia; Democratic Renovation Party (PRD), Rodrigo Carazo; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Jorge Monge Zamora; National Independence Party (PNI), Jorge Gonzalez Marten; Popular Vanguard Party (PVP, Communist), Manuel Mora Valverde Voting strength (1974 election): National Unification (coalition of PUN, PR, and PURA) 30.4%, 16 seats; PLN 43.5%, 27 seats; PNI 11%, 6 seats; PRD 9%, 3 seats; PASO 2.3%, 2 seats Communists: 3,200 members, 10,000 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Costa Rican Confederation of Democratic Workers (CCTD), General Confederation of Workers (CGT), Chamber of Coffee Growers, National Association for Economic Development (ANFE) Member of: CACM, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, NAMUCAR (Carib- bean Multinational Shipping Line-Navtera ? Mul- tinacional del Cartbe), OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1.7 billion (1975, in 1975 dollars), $860 per capita; 72% private consumption, 17% public consumption, 23% gross domestic investment, -12% net foreign balance (1975); real growth rate 1975, 2%; average growth (1971-74), 6.5% Agriculture: main products-bananas, coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, cocoa, livestock products; caloric intake, 2,610 calories per day per capita (1966) Fishing: catch 14,000 metric tons (1974); exports, $2.2 million (1973), imports, $0.3 million (1973) Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, construction materials, fertilizer Electric power: 380,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 740 kWh per capita Exports: $488 million (f.o.b., 1975); coffee, bananas, beef, sugar, cacao Imports: $699 million (c.i.f., 1975); manufactured products, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels, foodstuffs, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-32% U.S., 24% CACM, 13% West Germany; imports-34% U.S., 16% CACM, 6% West Germany, 10%. Japan (1974) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $138 million loans, $117 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $349 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $7.7 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY60-75) $2.0 million; Communist-$15 million (economic) from U.S.S.R. (1971) Monetary conversion rate: 8.57 colones=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year - COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 651 km; 632 km 1.065-meter gage, 19 km 0.914-meter gage,: all single track, 115 km electrified Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Highways: 23,100 km; 1,650 km paved, 6,650 km otherwise improved, 14,800 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: about 730 km perennially navigable Pipelines: refined products, 125 km Ports: 3 major (Limon, Golfito, Puntarenas), 4 minor Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft Airfields: 157 total, 152 usable; 21 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440- 3,659 m; 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: good domestic telephone service; 113,700 telephones; connection into Central American microwave net; 350,000 radio and 175,000 TV receivers; 45 AM, 10 FM, and 11 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 448,000; 292,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually about 24,000 Supply: dependent on imports from U.S. Military budget: for fiscal year ending .31 December 1973, $5.2 million for Ministry of Public Security, including the Civil Guard; about 2.3% of total central government budget Guff of Mexico U ITED STATES Atlantic Ocean THE BAHAMAS CUBA JAMAICA`> Caribbean Sea NICARAGUA LAND 114,478 km2; 35% cultivated, 30% meadow and pasture, 20% waste, urban, or other, 15% forested WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 3,735 km PEOPLE Population: 9,567,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Cuban(s); adjective-Cuban Ethnic divisions: 51% mulatto, 37% white, 11% Negro, 1% Chinese Religion: at least 85% nominally Roman Catholic before Castro assumed power Language: Spanish Literacy: about 96% Labor force: 2.36 million; 34% agriculture, 17% industry, 6% construction, 6% transportation, 29% services, 8% unemployed and underemployed Organized labor: 46% of total force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cuba Type: Communist state Capital: Havana Political subdivisions: 14 provinces and 169 municipalities Legal system: based on Spanish and American law, with large elements of Communist legal theory; Fundamental Law of 1959 replaced Constitution of 1940; a new constitution was approved at the Cuban Communist Party's First Party Congress in December 1975 and by a popular referendum which took place on February 15,1976; portions of the new constitution were put into effect on February 24, 1976, by means of a Constitutional Transition Law, and the entire constitution became effective on December 2, 1976; legal education at Universities of Havana, Oriente, and Las Villas; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive; legislature (National People's Assembly); controlled judiciary Government leader: President Fidel Castro Ruz Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 16 Elections: National People's Assembly (indirect election) every five years; election held November 1976 Political parties and leaders: Cuban Communist Party (PCC), First Secretary Fidel Castro Ruz, Second Secretary Raul Castro Ruz Communists: approx. 200,000 party members Member of: CEMA, ECLA, FAO, GATT, IADB (nonparticipant), ICAO, IHO, ILO, IMCO, International Rice Commission, ISO, IWC- International Wheat Council, ITU, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line-Naviera Multinacional del Carl be), OAS (nonparticipant), Permanent Court of Arbitration, Postal Union of the Americas and Spain, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $7.5 billion (1974 est., in 1974 prices), $820 per capita; 60% private consumption, 20% public Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 consumption, 20% gross investment; real growth rate 1974,3% Agriculture: main crops-sugar, tobacco, coffee, rice, potatoes, tubers, citrus fruits Fishing: catch 180,000 metric tons (1975); exports $75 million (1975), imports $24.4 million (1973) Major industries: sugar milling, petroleum refining, food and tobacco processing, textiles, chemicals, paper and wood products, metals Shortages: spare parts for transportation and industrial machinery, consumer goods Crude steel: 0.35 million metric tors capacity (planned); 297,500 metric tons produced (1975); 30 kg per capita Electric power: 1,220,000 kW capacity (1975); 6.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 650 kWh per capita Exports: $3.3 billion (f.o.b., 1975 est.); sugar, nickel, tobacco Imports: $3.8 billion (c.i.f., 1975 est.); capital goods, industrial raw materials, food, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-60% U.S.S.R., 11% other Communist countries, 8% Japan; imports-41% U.S.S.R., 13% Japan, 10% other Communist countries (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso=US$1.21 (nominal) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 14,640 km government-owned; 5,040 km common-carrier lines of which 4,960 km standard gage (1.435 m), 80 km 0.914-meter gage; about 9,600 km plantation/industrial lines, 6,400 km standard gage (1.435 m), 3,200 narrow gage Highways: 20,700 km; 8,800 km paved, 11,900 km gravel and earth surfaced Inland waterways: 240 km Pipelines: natural gas, 80 km Ports: 8 major (including U.S. Naval Base at Guantanamo), 44 minor; Guantanamo under U.S. control Civil air: 28 major transport aircraft (1 leased) Airfields: 199 total, 182 usable; 45 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 25 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 11 seaplane stations Telecommunications: modern facilities adequately serve military and most civil needs; excellent international facilities; satellite ground station; 370,000 telephones; 2.0 million radio and 600,000 TV receivers; 100 AM, 25 FM, and 17 TV stations; 4 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1966 (last announced budget), $213 million; about 7.8% of total budget CYPRUS LAND 9,251 km2; 47% arable and land under permanent crops, 18% forested, 10% meadows and pasture, 25% waste, urban areas, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 644 km PEOPLE Population: 650,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.8% (1-72 to 1-75) Nationality: noun-Cypriot(s); adjective-Cypriot Ethnic divisions: 78% Greek; 18% Turkish; 4% British, Armenian, and other Religion: 78% Greek Orthodox, 18% Muslim, 4% Masonite Armenian Apostolic and other Language: Greek, Turkish, English Literacy: about 82% of population 7 years or older Labor force: 267,000 (1970 est.), 38% agriculture, 23% industry, 9% commerce, 2% mining, 28% other; 3,130 registered unemployed (December 1968) Organized labor: 24% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cyprus Type: republic since August 1960; separate de facto Greek Cypriot, and Turkish Cypriot governments have evolved since outbreak of communal strife in 1963; this separation was further solidified following the Turkish invasion of the island in July 1974; negotiations, which have been going on since January 1975, have focused on the creation of a federal system of government with substantial autonomy for each of the two communities Capital: Nicosia Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts Legal system: based on common law, with civil law modifications; negotiations to create the basis for Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 a new or revised constitution to govern the island and relations between Greek and Turkish Cypriots have been going on intermittently Branches: currently a rump government with effective authority only over the Greek Cypriot community, consisting basically of Greek Cypriot parts of bodies provided for by constitution; headed by President of the Republic and comprised of Council of Ministers, House of Representatives, and Supreme Court; Turkish Cypriots have their own "Constitution" and governing bodies within the "Federated Turkish State of Cyprus" Government leaders: President, Archbishop Makarios III (Greek); Vice President, Rauf Denktash (Turk) Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: officially every 5 years; Turkish Cypriot "Presidential" and "Parliamentary" elections held June 1976; Greek Cypriot parliamentary elections held in September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Reform Party of the Working People (AKEL) (Communist Party), Ezekias Papaioannou; Democratic Rally (DR), Glafkos Clerides; Democratic Front (DF) (pro-Makarios), Spyros Kyprianou; United Democratic Union of the Center (EDEK), Vassos Lyssarides; National Unity Party, Rauf Denktash; Populist Party, Alper Orhon; Republican Turkish Cypriot Party, Ahmet Ber- beroglou; Communal Salvation Party Voting strength: Rauf Denktash won the 1976 "Presidential" contest in the Turkish Cypriot zone with 76% of the vote and his party won 30 of 40 seats in the "Assembly" with 54% of the vote; a pro- Makarios coalition composed of AREL, EDER, and the DF received 75% of the vote in the September 1976 Greek Cypriot parliamentary election and 34 of 35 seats while Clerides' DM won 25% of the vote and no seats; the remaining seat was given to an independent Communists: 12,000; sympathizers estimated to number 60,000 Other political or pressure groups: United Democratic Youth Organization (EDON) (Com- munist-controlled); Pan Cyprian Confederation of Labor (PEO) (Communist-controlled); Cyprus Confederation of Labor (SEK) (pro-West); Cyprus Turkish Federation of Trade Unions (KTBIF) Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $710.8 million (1975), $1,090 per capita; 1974 real growth rate 2.0% Agriculture: main crops-vine products, citrus, potatoes, other vegetables; food shortages-grain, dairy products, meat, fish; caloric intake, 2,460 calories per day per capita (1964-66) Major industries: mining (cupreous and iron pyrites, asbestos), manufactures principally for local consumption-food, beverages, footwear Shortages: water, petroleum Electric power: 245,000 kW capacity (1975); 717 million kWh produced (1975), 890 kWh per capita Exports: $151 million (f.o.b., 1975, converted at average trade conversion factor of 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.71); principal items-copper, pyrites, citrus, raisins, and other agricultural products Turkish Sector exports: $10 million (f.o.b., 1975, converted at average conversion factor of 14.465 Turkish lira=US$1); principal items are foodstuffs, petroleum, raw materials, and machinery Imports: $308 million (c.i.f., 1975, converted at average trade conversion factor of 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.71); principal items-manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, foods Turkish Sector imports: $31 million (c.i.f., 1975, converted at average trade conversion factor of 14.465 Turkish lira=US$1); principal items are citrus fruits Major trade partners: (1975) imports-20% U.K., 7% West Germany, 7% France, 6% Italy, 3% U.S.; exports-36% U.K., 5% U.S.S.R., 3% Netherlands, 2% West Germany, 2% Greece Turkish Sector major trade partners: (1975) imports-64% Turkey, 12% U. K., 6% West Germany, 4% Lebanon; exports-44% Turkey, 33% U.K., 12% Netherlands Aid: economic-U.S., $39.4 million authorized (FY46-75), U.S., $26 million (1975); IBRD, $70.1 million (FY46-75); U.N. Technical Assistance, $1.7 million (FY46-72); U.N. Special Fund, $9.9 million (FY46-72); Greece, $35 million (1975) Turkish Sector aid: Turkey, $16 million Budget: 1976-revenues $120 million, expenditures $163 million, deficit $43 million Turkish Sector budget: revenues $38 million, expenditures $78 million, deficit $40 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Cyprus pound = US$2.61 (December 1971 through January 1973), 1 Cyprus pound=US$2.531 (trade conversion factor as of January 1976 Turkish Sector monetary conversion rate: 15.15 Turkish lira=US$1 (trade conversion factor as of January 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year Note: 1974 and 1975 GNP, import, export, and budget figures are Government of Cyprus figures which include 100% of island until August 1974 and 60% of island thereafter; the Turkish sector of island for last 4 months of 1974 is part of Turkish mainland economy. With the passage of time, some information on the Turkish sector of the island has become available. Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 9,358 km; 4,203 km bituminous surface treated; 5,155 km gravel, crushed stone, and earth Ports: 3 major (Famagusta, Larnaca, Limassol), 6 minor; Famagusta under Turkish control Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 13 total, 12 usable; 8 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: moderately good telecom- munication system; 77,000 telephones; 206,000 radio receivers; 86,000 TV receivers; 12 AM, 3 FM, and 4 TV stations; tropospheric scatter circuits to Greece and Turkey; 2 submarine coaxial cables DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $26.9 million about 13.1 % of central government budget LAND 127,946 km2; 42% arable, 14% other agricultural, 35% forested, 9% other Land boundaries: 3,540 km PEOPLE Population: 14,989,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.8% (current) Nationality: noun=Czechoslovak(s); adjective- Czechoslovak -Ethnic divisions: 64.3% Czechs, 30.0% Slovaks, 4.0% Magyars, 0.6% Germans, 0.5% Poles, 0.4% Ukrainians, 0.2% others (Jews, Gypsies) Religion: 77% Roman Catholic, 20% Protestant, 2% Orthodox, 1% other Language: Czech, Slovak, Hungarian Literacy: almost complete Labor force: 7.4 million; 14% agriculture, 38.6% industry, 11% services, 36.4% construction, communi- cations and others GOVERNMENT Legal name: Czechoslovak Socialist Republic (C.S.S.R.) Type: Communist state Capital: Prague Political subdivisions: 2 ostensibly separate and nominally autonomous republics (Czech Socialist Republic and Slovak Socialist Republic); 7 regions (kraj) in Czech lands, three regions in Slovakia; national capitals of Prague and Bratislava have regional status Legal system: civil law system based on Austrian- Hungarian codes, modified by Communist legal theory; revised constitution adopted 1960, amended in 1968 and 1970; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Karlova University School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive-President (elected by Federal Assembly), cabinet (appointed by President); legislative-Federal Assembly (elected directly), Czech and Slovak National Councils (also elected directly) legislate on limited area of regional matters; judiciary-Supreme Court (elected by Federal Assembly); entire governmental structure dominated by Communist Party Government leaders: President Gustav Husak (elected May 1975), Premier Lubomir Strougal Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: governmental bodies every 5 years (last election, November 1971); President every 5 years Dominant political party and leader: Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSC), Gustav Husak, General Secretary; Communist Party of Slovakia (KSS) has status of "provincial KSC organization" Voting strength (1976 election): 99.7% for Communist-sponsored single slate Communists: 1.38 million party members Other political groups: puppet parties-Czech- oslovak Socialist Party, Czechoslovak People's Party, Slovak Freedom Party,.Slovak Revival Party Member of: CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $56.6 billion in 1975 (at 1975 prices), $3,820 per capita; 1975 real growth rate 4.9% Agriculture: diversified agriculture; main crops- wheat, rye, potatoes, sugar beets; net food importer- meat, wheat, vegetable oils, fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,100 calories per day per capita (1967) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Major industries: machinery, food processing, metallurgy, textiles, chemicals Shortages: ores, crude oil Crude steel: 14.3 million metric tons produced (1975), 970 kg per capita Electric power: 14 million kW capacity (1975); 59.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 3,980 kWh per capita Exports: $8,360 million (f.o.b., 1975); 47% machinery, equipment; 31% fuels, raw materials; 5% foods, food products, and live animals; 17% consumer goods, excluding foods (1974) Imports: $9,089 million (f.o.b., 1975); 36% machinery, equipment; 45% fuels, raw materials; 10% foods, food products, and live animals; 8% consumer goods, excluding foods (1974) Monetary conversion rate: noncommercial 9.27 crowns=US$1, commercial 5.58 crowns=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year Note: foreign trade figures were converted at the rate of 5.58 crowns=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 13,208 km; 12,920 km standard gage (1.435 m), 112 km broad gage (1.524 m), 176 km narrow gage (1.00 m and 1.067 m); 2,786 km double track; 2,787 km electrified; government-owned (1975) Highways: 72,981 km; 1,381 km concrete; 55,200 km bituminous; 2,880 km cobblestone, brick sett, stone block; 13,520 km crushed stone, gravel, improved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 827 km (1976) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,448 km; refined products, 861 km; natural gas, 5,601 km Freight carried: rail-272.8 million metric tons, 62.8 billion metric ton/km (1975); highway-955.9 million metric tons, 13.6 billion metric ton/km (1974); waterway-4.9 million metric tons, 2.8 billion metric ton/km (excl. intl. transit traffic) (1975) Ports: no maritime ports; outlets are Gdynia, Gdansk, and Szczecin in Poland; Rijeka and Koper in Yugoslavia; Hamburg, FRG; Rostock, GDR; principal river ports are Prague, Melnik, Usti nad Labem, Decin, Komarno, Bratislava (1976) Civil air: 28 major transport aircraft (1976) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, est. 20.4 billion crowns, about 7% of total budget LAND 42,994 km2 (exclusive of Greenland and Faroe Islands); 64% arable, 8% meadows and pastures, 11% forested, 17% other Land boundaries: 68 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,379 km PEOPLE Population: 5,079,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Dane(s); adjective-Danish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: 96% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other Language: Danish; small German-speaking minority Literacy: 99% Labor force: 2.5 million; 9.5% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 26.6% manufacturing, 8.3% construction, 15.7% commerce, 6.8% transportation, 5.6% services, 25.7% government, 1.8% other; 7.6% of registered labor force unemployed (January 1976) Organized labor: 65% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Denmark Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Copenhagen Political subdivisions: 14 counties, 277 communes, 88 towns Legal system: civil law system; constitution adopted 1953; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Copenhagen and Arhus; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Folketing); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 2 superior courts, 106 lower courts Government leaders: Queen Margrethe II; Prime Minister, Anker Jorgensen Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 DENMARK Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: on call of prime minister but at least every four years (last election 9 January 1975) Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Anker Jorgensen; Moderate Liberal, Poul Harding; Conservative, Poul Schluter; Radical Liberal, Kristen Helveg Petersen; Socialist Peoples, Gert Petersen; Communist, Knud Jespersen; Left Socialist, Preben Wilhjelm and Steen Folke; Center Democratic, Erhard Jakobsen; Progressive, Mogens Glistrup; Christian People's, Jens Miller; Justice, Ib Chris- tensen; Communist League Marxist-Leninest, Benito Scocozza Voting strength (1975 election): 30.0% Social Democratic, 23.3% Moderate Liberals, 13.6% Progressive, 7.1% Radical Liberal, 5.5% Conservative, 5.3% Christian Peoples, 4.9% Socialist Peoples, 4.2% Communist, 2.2% Center Democratic, 3.9% other Communists: 7,500-8,000; a number of sympa- thizers, as indicated by 110,809 Communist votes cast in 1973 elections Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EEC, ELDO (observer), EMA, ESRD, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $32.8 billion (1975), $6,470 per capita; 54% private consumption, 26% investment, 20% govern- ment; 1975 growth rate -2.5%, constant prices Agriculture: highly intensive, specializes in dairying and animal husbandry; main crops-cereals, root crops; food imports-oilseeds, grain, feedstuffs; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1968- .. 69) Fishing: catch 1.73 million metric tons, exports $427.7 million (1975) Major industries: food processing, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, electronics, transport equipment, metal products, brick and mortar, furniture and other wood products Crude steel: 564,000 metric tons produced (1975), 110 kg per capita Electric power: 5,969,000 kW capacity (1975); 18.7 billion kWh produced (1975), 3,000 kWh per capita Exports: $8.712 million (f.o.b., 1975); principal items-meat, dairy products, industrial machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemical products, transport equipment, fish, furs, and furniture Imports: $10,368 million (c.i.f., 1975); principal items-industrial machinery, transport equipment, petroleum, textile fibers and yarns, iron and steel products, chemicals, grain and feedstuffs, wood and paper Major trade partners: 45.4% EC-nine (16.8% West Germany, 14.2% U.K.); 14.6% Sweden; 5.6% U.S.; 4.3% Communist countries (1975) Aid: economic-U.S., $360 million authorized FY46-75; IBRD, $85.2 million through 1975, none since 1964; net official economic aid given to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $250.5 million (1960-70), $76.5 million (1971), $98.3 million (1972), $131.6 million (1973), $170.9 million (1974); military-U.S., $640 million (FY49-75) Budget: (1976) expenditures $13.75 billion, Premier Monetary conversion rate: 1 Kroner=US$0.174, 1975, average exchange rate Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,744 km standard gage (1.435 m); Danish State Railways (DSB) operate 2,227 km (1,999 km rail line and 228 km rail ferry services); 84 km electrified, 743 km double tracked; 517 km- of standard gage lines are privately-owned and operated Highways: approximately 64,480 km; 62,400 km concrete, bitumen, or stone block; 2,080 km gravel, crushed stone, improved earth Inland waterways: 417 km Pipelines: refined products, 418 km Ports: 16 major, 44 minor - Civil air: 84 major transport aircraft including 9 belonging to Greenland Airfields: 160 total, 123 usable; 22 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440- 3,659 in, 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: excellent telephone, tele- graph, and broadcast services; 2.34 million telephones; 1.84 million radiobroadcast receivers; 1.62 million TV receivers; 3 AM, 13 FM, and 30 TV stations; 14 submarine coaxial cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,195,000; 1,050,000 fit for military service; 38,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, $852.7 million; about 6.5% of central government budget Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 DOMINICA LAND 790 km2; 24% arable, 2% pasture, 67% forests, 7% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 148 km PEOPLE Population: 78,000, average annual growth rate 1.6% (4-60 to 4-70) Nationality: noun-Dominican(s); adjective- Dominican Ethnic divisions: mostly of African Negro descent Religion: Roman Catholic, Church of England, Methodist Language: English; French patois Literacy: about 80% Labor force: 23,000; about 50% in agriculture Organized labor: 25% of the labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Dominica Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State" Capital: Roseau Political subdivisions: 10 parishes Legal system: based on English common law; three local magistrate courts and the British Caribbean Court of Appeals Branches: legislature, 11 member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, cabinet headed by Premier Government leaders: Premier Patrick Roland John; U.K. Governor Sir Louis Cools-Lartigue Suffrage: universal adult suffrage over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; most recent March 1975 Political parties and leaders: Dominica Labor Party (DLP), Patrick John; Dominica Freedom Party (DFP), Miss M. Eugenia Charles (unofficial) Voting strength: House of Assembly seats-DFP 3 seats, DLP 16 seats, independent 2 seats Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM, WCL ECONOMY GDP: $21.0 million (1971 est.), $270 per capita; 8.8% increase in 1971, including price changes Agricultural products: bananas, citrus, coconuts, cocoa Major industries: agricultural processing, tourism Electric power: 2,000 kW capacity (1975); 7 million kWh produced (1975), 100 kWh per capita Exports: $12 million (f.o.b., 1975); bananas, lime juice and oil, cocoa, reexports Imports: $22 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and equipment, foodstuffs, manufactured articles, cement Major trade partners: 47% U.K., 15% Com- monwealth Caribbean countries, 7% U.S., 6% Canada (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 2.07 East Caribbean dollars=US$1 (May 1975), now floating with pound sterling COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 750 km; 370 km paved, 260 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized earth surface, 120 km unimproved Ports: 2 minor (Roseau, Portsmouth) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with asphalt runway 1,472 m Telecommunications: 3,000 telephones in fully automatic network; VHF and UHF link to St. Lucia; 15,000 radio receivers; 150 TV receivers; 1 AM and 1 TV station At/antic Ocean DOMINICAN REPUBLIC LAND 48,692 km2; 14% cultivated, 4% fallow, 17% meadows and pastures, 45% forested, 20% built-on or waste Land boundaries: 361 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 1,288 km PEOPLE Population: 4,906,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Dominican(s); adjective- Dominican Ethnic divisions: 73% mulatto, 16% white, 11% Negro I Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 aQ 0It JAMAICA Atlantic Ocean REPUBLIC TI V `Santo P UERTO ? Domingo RICO Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 68% Labor force: -1.3 million; 73% agriculture, 8% industry, 19% services and other Organized labor: 12% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominican Republic Type: republic Capital: Santo Domingo Political subdivisions: 26 provinces and the National District Legal system: based on French civil codes; 1966 constitution Branches: President popularly elected for a 4-year term; bicameral legislature consisting of Senate (27 seats) and Chamber of Deputies (91 seats) elected for 4-year terms; Supreme Court Government leader: President Joaquin Balaguer Suffrage: universal and compulsory, over age 18 or married, except members of the armed forces and police, who cannot vote Elections: national, last election May 1974, next election May 1978 Political parties and leaders: Reformist Party (PR), Joaquin Balaguer; Dominican Revolutionary Party (PRD), Francisco Pena Gomez, Secundino Gil Morales; Dominican Liberation Party (PLD), Juan Bosch, Democratic Quisqueyan Party (PQD), Elias Wessin y Wessin; Revolutionary Social Christian Party (PRSC), Rogelio Delgado Bogaert; Movement for National Conciliation (MNC), Jaime Manuel Fernandez Gonzalez; Anti-reelection Movement of Democratic Integration (MIDA), Francisco Augusto Lora; National Civic Union (UCN), Guillermo Delmonte Urraca; Popular Democratic Party (PDP), Homero Lajara Burgos; Fourteenth of June Revolutionary Movement (MR-1J4), split into several factions, illegal; Dominican Communist Party (PCD), central committee, illegal; Dominican Popular Movement (MPD), illegal; 12th of January National Liberation Movement (ML-12E), Plinio Matos Moquete, illegal; Communist Party of the Dominican Republic (PACOREDO), Luis Montas Gonzalez, illegal; Popular Socialist Party (PSP), illegal Voting strength (1974 election): 85% PR, 15% PDP, all other parties abstained Communists: an estimated 1,500 to 1,800 members in six different factions; effectiveness limited by ideological differences and organizational inade- quacies Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $3.9 billion (1975), $830 per capita; real growth rate 1975, 4.8% Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, coffee, cocoa, tobacco, rice, corn; imports rice; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1966) 4 Major industries: sugar processing, nickel mining, bauxite mining, gold mining, textiles, cement Electric power: 430,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 320 kWh per capita Exports: $894 million (f.o.b., 1975); sugar, nickel, coffee, tobacco, cocoa, bauxite Imports: $950 million (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs, petroleum, industrial raw materials, capital equipment I Major trade partners: exports-71% U.S. (1975); imports-58% U.S. (1975) Aid: economic-U.S. authorizations (FY46-75), $235 million in grants, $297 million in loans; from international organizations (FY46-75), $285 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY53-75), $38 million, mostly grant 1 Monetary conversion rate: 1 peso=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,600 km; 104 km government-owned common-carrier 1.065-meter gage; 1,496 km privately owned plantation lines of 4 different gages ranging from 0.60 in to 1.435 in, 0.760-meter gage predominating Highways: 11,400 km; 5,800 km paved, 5,600 km gravel and improved earth Pipelines: refined products, 69 km Ports: 5 major (Santo Domingo, Barahona, Haina, Las Calderas, San Pedro de Macoris), 17 minor Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft Airfields: 51 total, 44 usable; 11 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Telecommunications: relatively efficient domestic system based on islandwide radio relay network; 115,000 telephones; 600,000 radio and 190,000 TV receivers, 110 AM, 31 FM, and 11 TV stations; 3 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial; COMSAT ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,102,000; 697,000 fit for military service; 51,000 reach military age (18) annually LAND 274,540 km2 (including Galapagos Islands); 11% cultivated, 8% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 26% waste, urban, or other (excludes the Oriente and the Galapagos Islands, for which information is not available) Land boundaries: 1,931 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 2,237 km (includes Galapagos Is.) PEOPLE Population: 7,133,000, excluding nomadic Indian tribes (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.4% (11-62 to 6-74) Nationality: noun-Ecuadorean(s); adjective- Ecuadorean Ethnic divisions: 40% mestizo,. 40% Indian, 10% white, 5% Negro, 5% Oriental and other Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (majority nonpracticing) Language: Spanish, Quechua Literacy: 57% 'Labor force: 2 million, of which 56% agriculture, 13% manufacturing, 4% construction, 7% commerce, 4% public administration, 16% other services and activities Organized labor: less than 15% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ecuador Type: republic; under military regime since February 1972 Capital: Quito Political subdivisions: 20 provinces including Galapagos Islands Legal system: based on civil law system; modified 1945 constitution re-instituted in February 1972; legal education at 4 state and 2 private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Supreme Council of Government, made up of the three military chiefs, assumed power January 1976; judiciary system supervised by Supreme Court; six special tribunals established in July_ 1972 Government leader: President of Supreme Council Admiral Alfredo POVEDA Burbano Suffrage: universal for literates over age 18 Elections: none scheduled Political parties and leaders: National Velasquista Front, Jose Maria Velasco Ibarra, personalistic; Radical Liberal Party, Ignacio Hidalgo Villavicencio; Social Christian Party, Camilo Ponce, generally conservative; Conservative Party, Galo Pico Mantilla; Concentration of Popular Forces, Assad Bucaram, populist; National Revolutionary Party, Carlos Julio Arosemena, leftist Voting strength: in June 1968 national elections, Velasquistas, a center-left coalition, and a rightist coalition each got approximately one-third Communists: Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE, pro-Moscow, Pedro Saad-secretary-general), 500 members plus an estimated 3,000 sympathizers; Communist Party of Ecuador (PCE/ML, pro-Peking), 100 members; Revolutionary Socialist Party of Ecuador (PSRE), 200 members Member of: ECOSOC, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA and Andean Sub-Regional Group (formed in May 1969 within LAFTA), OAS, OPEC, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO - ECONOMY GNP: $4.3 billion (est. 1975), $640per capita; 67% private consumption, 11% public consumption, 22% gross investment (1974); average annual real growth rate 1973-75, 9.6% Agriculture: main crops-bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugarcane, cotton, corn, potatoes, rice; caloric intake, 1,970 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 105,200 metric tons (1974); exports $43 million (1975), imports negligible Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Major industries: food processing, textiles, chemicals, fishing, petroleum Electric power: 400,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 190 kWh per capita Exports: $1.0 billion (f.o.b., 1975); petroleum, bananas, coffee, cocoa, sugar, fish products Imports: $1.0 billion (f.o.b., 1975); agricultural and industrial machinery, wheat, petroleum products, chemical products, transportation and communica- tion equipment Major trade partners: exports-41% U.S., 18% LAFTA, 11% EC; imports-37% U.S., 23% EC, 14% Japan (1974) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $156 million loans, $133 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $439 million; from Communist countries (1967-75), $19.4 million loans; military-assistance from U.S. (FY49-75), $70 million Budget: $695 million, 1976 Monetary conversion rate: 25 sucres=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,056 km; 984 km 1.065-meter gage, 72 km 0.750-meter gage; all single track Highways: 20,550 km; 3,450 km paved, 17,100 km otherwise improved Inland waterways: 1,500 km Pipelines: crude oil, 623 km; refined products, 473 km Ports: 3 major (Guayaquil, Manta, Puerto Bolivar), 11 minor Civil air: 31 major transport aircraft Airfields: 173 total, 173 usable; 17 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440- 3,659 in, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: facilities adequate only in largest cities; COMSAT ground station; 185,000 telephones;' 1.7 million radio and 300,000 TV receivers; 240 AM, 38 FM, and 12 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,609,000; 1,050,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually 66,000 LAND 1,000,258 km2 (including 57,498 km2 occupied by Israel); 2.8% cultivated (of.which about 70% multiple cropped); 96.5% desert, waste, or urban; 0.7% inland water Land boundaries: 2,527 km (1967), excludes 2,469 km occupied area WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 3,444 km (1967), excludes occupied area 2,156 km PEOPLE Population: 38,533,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Egyptian(s); adjective- Egyptian or Arab Republic of Egypt Ethnic divisions: 90% Eastern Hamitic stock; 10% Greek, Italian, Syro-Lebanese Religion: (official estimate) 94% Muslim, 6% Copt and other - Language: Arabic official, English and French widely understood.by educated classes Literacy: around 40% Labor force: 8 to 12 million; . ' 45% to 50% agriculture, 10% industry, 10% trade and finance, 30% services and other; shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: 1 to 3 million GOVERNMENT Legal name: Arab Republic of Egypt Type: republic; under presidential rule since June 1956 Capital: Cairo Political subdivisions: 25 governorates Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic Law, and Napoleonic codes; permanent constitution written in 1971; judicial review of limited nature in Supreme Court, also in Council of State which oversees validity of administrative decisions; legal education at Cairo University; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive power vested in President, who appoints cabinet; People's Assembly has little actual Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 power (serves mainly for discussion and automatic approval); independent judiciary administered by Minister of Justice Government leader: President Anwar Sadat Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections to People's Assembly every 5 years (most recent October 1976); presidential elections every 6 years (most recent September 1976) Political parties and leaders: political parties banned except for the government-sponsored sociopolitical grouping, Arab Socialist Union (ASU) Communists: approximately 500, party members Member of: AAPSO, AFDB, Arab League, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, OAPEC, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WPC, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $11.2 billion (1975, in current prices), $300 per capita; inter war annual growth rate of 1 % or less accelerated to 4%-5% since 1973 Agriculture: main cash crop-cotton; other crops-rice, rice, onions, beans, citrus fruit, wheat, corn, barley; not self-sufficient in food, but agriculture a net earner of foreign exchange Major industries: textiles, food processing, chemicals, petroleum, construction, cement Electric power: 4,800,000 kW capacity (1975); 8.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 225 kWh per capita Monetary conversion rate: official rate-1 Egyptian pound=US$2.54 (selling rate); 0.394 Egyptian pound=US$1 (selling rate); parallel market rate-1 Egyptian pound=US$1.55, 0.645 Egyptian pound = US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year, beginning in 1973 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,110 km; 917 km double track; 24 km electrified; 4,510 km standard gage (1.435 m), 253 km meter gage (1.00 m), 347 km 0.750-meter gage Highways: 47,276 km; 9,524 km paved, 450 km gravel and crushed stone, 10,302 km improved earth, 27,000 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,360 km; Suez Canal, 160 km long, used by ocean-going vessels drawing up to 11.5 meters of water; Alexandria-Cairo waterway navigable by barges of 500-metric ton capacity; Nile and large canals by barges of 420-metric ton capacity; Ismailia Canal by barges of 200- to 300-metric ton capacity; secondary canals by sailing craft of 10- to 70-metric ton capacity Freight carried: Suez Canal (1966)-242 million metric tons of which 175.6 million metric tons were POL Pipelines: crude oil, 708 km; refined products, 499 km; natural gas, 121 km Ports: 3 major (Alexandria, Port. Said, Suez), 8 minor Civil air: 18 major transport aircraft Airfields: 100 total, 82 usable; 67 with permanent- surface runways; 45 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway over 3,660 in, 19 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: second-best system of coaxial and multiconductor cables, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations in Africa; principal centers Alexandria and Cairo, secondary centers Al Mansurah, Ismailia, and Tanta; 503,200 telephones; 5.1 million radio and 620,000 TV receivers; 10 AM, 1 FM, and 22 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 8,456,000; 5,496,000 fit for military service; about 380,000 reach military age (20) annually LAND 21,400 km2; 32% cropland (9% corn, 5% cotton, 7% coffee, 11% other), 26% meadows and pastures, 31% nonagricultural, 11% forested Land boundaries: 515 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 307 km PEOPLE Population: 4,195,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.1% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Salvadoran(s); adjective- Salvadoran Ethnic divisions: 84%-88% mestizo; Indian and white minorities, 6%-8% each Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic, probably 97%-98% Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 Language: Spanish Literacy: 50% literacy in urban areas, 30% in rural areas Labor force: 1,500,000 (est. 1975); 57% ag- riculture, 14% services, 14% manufacturing, 6% commerce, 9% other; shortage of skilled labor and large pool of unskilled labor, but manpower training programs improving situation Organized labor: 4% of total labor force; 7% of nonagricultural labor force (1976 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of El Salvador Type: republic Capital: San Salvador Political subdivisions: 14 departments Legal system: based on Spanish law, with traces of common law; constitution adopted 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of El Salvador; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: traditionally dominant executive, unicameral legislature, Supreme Court Government leader: President Arturo Armando Molina Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legislative elections every 2 years; presidential elections every , 5 years; presidential elections March 1977, legislative and municipal elections March 1978 Political parties and leaders: National Concilia- tion Party (PCN), President Arturo A. Molina; Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Juan Ramirez Rauda, Dr. Pablo Mauricio Alvergue, Jose Napoleon Duarte; Salvadoran Popular Party (PPS), Benjamin Wilfredo Navarrete, Roberto Quinonez Meza, Dr. Jose Antonio Guzman; Communist Party of El Salvador (PCES), illegal, Jorge Shafick Handal; National Revolutionary Movement (MNR), Dr. Guillermo Manuel Ungo; National Democratic Union Party (PUDN), Communist Front, Jorge Shafisk Handal, Francisco Roberto Lima, Julio Ernesto Contreras, Julio Castro Belloso; Independent Democratic United Front (FUDI), Gen. Jose A. Medrano, Raul Salaverria Voting strength: February 1972 presidential election-PCN 43.4%, PDC, PUDN, and MNR coalition, 42.1%; FUDI, 12.3%; PPS 2.2%; March 1976 legislative election-PCN, 54 seats; opposition parties boycotted the election .Communists: 100 to 200 active members; sympathizers, 5,000 Other political or pressure groups: the military; about 100 prominent families; General Confederation. of Trade Unions (CGS); Unifying Federation of Salvadoran Trade Unions (FUSS), Communist dominated; Federation of Construction and Transport Workers Unions (FESINCONSTRANS), independ- ent; Catholic Church; Salvadoran National Associa- tion of Educators (ANDES) Member of: Central American Common Market (CACM), FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, IWC-Interna- tional Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1.6 billion (1974), $410 per capita; 76% private consumption, 11% government consumption, 18% domestic investment, -8% net foreign balance (1974); real growth rate, 3.5% (1975) Agriculture: main crops-coffee, cotton, corn, sugar, rice, beans; caloric intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1963-64) Fishing: catch 15,000 metric tons (1974); exports $6.0 million (1971), imports $0.5 million (1972) Major industries: food processing, textiles, clothing, petroleum products Electric power: 280,000 kW capacity (1975); 1 billion kWh produced (1975), 230 kWh per capita Exports: $517 million (f.o.b., 1975); coffee, cotton, sugar Imports: $554 million (f.o.b., 1975); machinery, automotive vehicles, petroleum, food-stuffs, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-33% U.S., 32% CACM, 18% EC, 10% Japan (1973); imports-30% U.S., 20% CACM, 20% EC, 7% Japan (1974) Aid: economic-from U.S. (FY46-75), $172.2 million loans, $74.4 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $287 million; from other Western countries (1960-71) $9.8 million; military- assistance from U.S. (FY53-75), $15 million Budget: (1976) $338 million Monetary conversion rate: 2.5 colones = US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 600 km 0.914-meter gage,. single- tracked; 456 km privately owned, 144 km government-owned Highways: 10,800 km; 1,300 km bituminous, 2,000 km gravel or crushed stone, 7,500 km earth .Inland waterways: Lempa River partially navigable Ports: 2 major (Acajutla, La Union), 2 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 145 total, 145 usable; 1 with permanent surfaced runway; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: nationwide trunk radio relay system; connection into Central American microwave net; 54,200 telephones; 600,000 radio and 135,000 TV receivers; 53 AM, 6 FM, and 5 TV stations Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 963,000; 589,000 fit for military service; 44,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $24.2 million; 7.2% of central government budget EQUATORIAL GUINEA LAND 27,972 km2; Rio Muni, about 25,900 km2, largely forested; Fernando Po, about 2,072 km2 Land boundaries: 539 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 296 km PEOPLE Population: 327,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.8% (7-68 to 7-69); Rio Muni, 230,000, average annual growth rate 1.5% (7-68 to 7-69); Fernando Po, 97,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-68 to 7-69) Nationality: noun-Equatorial Guinean(s); adjec- tive-Equatorial Guinean Ethnic divisions: indigenous population of Province Francisco Macias Nguema primarily Bubi, some Fernandinos; of Rio Muni primarily Fang; less than 1,000 Europeans, primarily Spanish Religion: natives all nominally Christian and predominantly Roman Catholic; some pagan practices retained Language: Spanish official language of govern- ment and business; also pidgin English, Fang Literacy: 12% (est.) Labor force: most Equatorial Guineans involved in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Equatorial Guinea Type: republic, one-party presidential regime since 1968 Capital: Malabo, Province Francisco Macias Nguema Political subdivisions: 2 provinces (Province Francisco Macias Nguema and Rio Muni) Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system and customary law, new constitution adopted August 1973; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: there are legislative and judicial branches but President exercises virtually unlimited power Government leader: President for life, Francisco Macias Nguema Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: parliamentary elections held December 1973 Political parties and leaders: National Unity Party of Workers (PUNT) is the sole legal party, led by President Macias Communists: no significant number of Com- munists or sympathizers Member of: Conference of East and Central African States, ECA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UPU ECONOMY GNP: $70 million (1972); $240 per capita Agriculture: major cash crops-Rio Muni, timber, coffee; Fernando Po, cocoa; main food products- rice, yams, cassava, bananas, oil palm nuts, manioc, and livestock Fishing: catch 4,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: fishing, sawmilling Electric power: 5,000 kW capacity (1975); 17 million kWh produced (1975), 53 kWh per capita Exports: $19 million (1973); cocoa, coffee, and wood Imports: $21 million (1973); foodstuffs, chemicals and chemical products, textiles Major trade partner: Spain Aid: Spain, $14.0 million (1969); Libya, $1 million (1971); China $24 million extended (1971) Budget: (1973) receipts $9 million, expenditures $12 million Monetary conversion rate: 64.47 Guinean pesetas = US$1 (official) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: Rio Muni-2,460 km, including approx. 185 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth; Fernando Po-300 km, including 146 km bituminous, remainder gravel and earth Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Inland waterways: Rio Muni has approximately 167 km of year-round navigable waterway, used mostly by pirogues Ports: 2 major (Macias Nguema Biyogo, Rey Malabo), 3 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 5 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fairly adequate for the size and stage of development of the country; interna- tional communications by radio from Bata and Malabo to Cameroon, Nigeria, and Spain; 1,500 telephones; 78,000 radio and 1,000 TV receivers; 2 AM stations, no FM stations, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 75,000; 37,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $3,475,700; 14.3% of central government budget LAND 1,178,450 km2; 10% cropland and orchards, 55% meadows and natural pastures, 6% forests and woodlands, 29% wasteland, built-on areas, and other Land boundaries: 5,198 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; sedentary fisheries extends to limit of fisheries Coastline: 1,094 km (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 29,044,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Ethiopian(s); adjective- Ethiopian Ethnic divisions: Galla 40%, Amhara and Tigrai 32%, Sidamo 9%, Shankella 6%, Somali 6%, Afar 4%, Gurage 2%, other 1% Religion: 35%-40% Ethiopian Orthodox, 40%-45% Muslims, 15%-20% animist, 5% other Language: Amharic official; many local languages and dialects; English major foreign language taught in schools Literacy: about 5% Labor force: 90% agriculture and animal husbandry; 10% government, military, and quasi- government Organized labor: government lists 273,000 registered trade union members GOVERNMENT Legal name: Ethiopia Type: under military rule since mid-1974; monarchy abolished in March 1975, but republic not yet declared Capital: Addis Ababa Political subdivisions: 14 provinces (also referred to as regional administrations) Legal system: complex structure with civil, Islamic, common and customary law influences; constitution suspended September 1974; military leaders have promised a new constitution but established no time frame for its adoption; legal education at Addis Ababa University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: effective power exercised by Provisional Military Administrative Council (PMAC), a group estimated at 40-100 officers and enlisted men which operates on committee system; predominantly civilian cabinet is ineffectual and holds office at suffrance of military; legislature dissolved September 1974; judiciary at higher levels based on Western pattern, at lower levels on traditional pattern, without jury system in either Government leader: Brigadier. General Teferi Benti, Chairman of the Military Administrative Council is titular head of government; Major Mengistu Haile Mariam, 1st Vice Chairman, is probably primus inter pares Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: lower house of Parliament June 1973 Political parties and leaders: All-Ethiopian Socialist Organization, a quasi-official group that supports the military government Communists: Ethiopian Communist Party is a small group opposed to military government Other political or pressure groups: important dissident groups include Eritrean Liberation front Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 (ELF) and Popular Liberation Front (PLF) in Eritrea; Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Party (EPRP), a socialist underground movement in central and northern Ethiopia; and Ethiopian Democratic Union (EDU), primarily an exile group; several other dissident groups with ethnic or provincial bases of support Member of: AFDB, ECA, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $2,680 million (1974), $100 per capita; average annual real growth rate 4% (1967-72), zero (1974) Agriculture: main crops-coffee, teff, durra, barley, wheat, corn, sugarcane, cotton, pulses, oilseeds; livestock Major industries: cement, sugar refining, cotton textiles, food processing, oil refinery Electric power: 297,000 kW capacity (1975); 490 million kWh produced (1975), 17 kWh per capita Exports: $239 million (f,o.b., 1975); coffee 33%, oilseeds 18%, pulses 14%, hides and skins 7%; $7.3 million to Communist countries (1975) Imports: $310 million (c.i.f., 1975); petroleum products 22%, chemicals 15%, machinery including aircraft 12%, road motor vehicles 12%; $16.9 million from Communist Countries (1975) Major trade partners: imports-Saudi Arabia, Japan, Italy, West Germany, Iran, U.K., and U.S.; exports-U.S., Saudi Arabia, FTAI, West Germany, Egypt, Japan Monetary conversion rate: 2.09 Ethiopian dollars = U S$1 Fiscal year: 8 July - 7 July COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,014 km; 676 km meter gage (1.00 m), 32 km 1.067-meter gage, 306 km 0.95-meter gage; all single track Highways: 23,000 km; 2,700 km bituminous, 5,000 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized earth, remainder earth Inland waterways: navigation possible on Lake Tana and on approx. 225 km of unconnected and basically unimproved waterways, of which only 114 km are navigable year round Ports: 2 major (Assab, Massawa), 1 minor Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft Airfields: 174 total, 162 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 48 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: system better than most African countries; composed of open-wire lines, radiocommunication stations, and small number of January 1977 multiconductor cable and radio-relay links; principal center Addis Ababa, secondary center Asmara; 66,000 telephones; 500,000 radio receivers; 20,000 TV receivers; 4 AM stations, no FM stations, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,195,000; 3,834,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 285,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 7 August 1976, $83,653,846; 13.1% of central government budget FAROE ISLANDS LAND 1,340 km2; less than 5% arable, of which only a fraction cultivated; archipelago consisting of 18 inhabited islands and a few uninhabited islets WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 764 km PEOPLE Population: 41,000, average annual growth rate 1.1% (1-71 to 1-75) Nationality: noun-Faroese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive-Faroese Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Languages: Faroese (derived from Old Norse), Danish Literacy: 99% Labor force: 15,000; largely engaged in fishing, manufacturing, transportation, and commerce GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Faroe Islands Type: self-governing province within the Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representatives in Danish.parliament Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 FAROE ISLANDS/FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) Capital: Torshavn on the island of Streymoy Political subdivisions: 7 districts, 49 communes, 1 town Legal system: based on Danish law; Home Rule Act enacted 1948 Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown, acting through appointed High Commis- sioner, and provincial parliament (Lagting) in matters of strictly Faroese concern; executive power vested in Crown, acting through High Commissioner, but exercised by provincial cabinet responsible. to provincial parliament Government leaders: Queen Margrethe II; Prime Minister, Atli Dam; Danish Governor, Leif Groth Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: held every 4 years; next election 1979 Political parties and leaders: Peoples, Hakun Djurhuus; Republican, Erlendur Patursson; Home Rule, Samuel Petersen; Progressive, Kjartan Mohr; Social Democratic, Atli Dam; Union, Kristian Djurhuus Voting strength (1975 election): Social Demo- cratic 25.8%, Republican 22.5%, Peoples 20.5%, Union 19.1%, Home Rule 7.2%, Progressive 2.5% Communists: insignificant number Member of: Nordic Council ECONOMY GDP: $108.3 million (1972), about $2,760 per capita Agriculture: sheep and cattle grazing Fishing: catch 168,521 metric tons (1975); exports, $65.0 million (1975) Major industry: fishing Electric power: 28,500 kW capacity (1975); 88 million kWh produced (1975), 2,000 kWh per capita Exports: $80.8 million (f.o.b., 1975); fish and fish products Imports: $113.3 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, food products Major trade partners: 46.6% Denmark, 12.3% Norway, 8.0% U.K., 6.2% U.S. (1975) Budget: (FY73) expenditures $21.4 million, revenues $22.7 million .Monetary conversion rate: 1 Danish Kroner= US$0.174 (1975) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 1 minor Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway, less than 1,220 m Civil air: no major transport aircraft Telecommunications: good international com- munications; fair domestic facilities; 15,000 tele- phones, 12,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, and 3 FM stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49 included with Denmark FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS)1 LAND Colony-12,168 km2; area consists of some 200 small islands, chief of which are East Falkland (6,680 km2) and West Falkland (5,276 km2); depend- encies-consists of the South Sandwich Islands, South Georgia, and the Shag and Clerke Rocks WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 1,288 km PEOPLE Population: 2,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1974) Nationality: noun-Falkland Islander(s); adjec- tive-Falkland Island Ethnic divisions: almost totally British Religion: predominantly Church of England Language: English Literacy: compulsory education up to age 14 Labor force: 1,100 (est.); est. over 95% in agriculture, mostly sheepherding GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of the Falkland Islands Type: British crown colony Capital: Stanley 'The possession of the Falkland Islands has been disputed by the U.K. and Argentina (which refers to them as the Malvinas) since 1833. Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS)/FIJI Political subdivisions: local government is confined to capital Legal system: English common law Branches: Governor, Executive Council, Legisla- tive Council Government leader: Governor and Commander in Chief Ernest G. Lewis (also High Commissioner for British Antarctic Colony) Suffrage: universal ECONOMY Government budget: Colony-revenues, $1.0 million (FY68); expenditures, $1.1 million (FY68) Agriculture: Colony-predominantly sheep fa- rming; dependencies-whaling and sealing Major industries: Colony-wool processing; dependencies-whale and seal processing Electric power: 1,250 kW capacity (1975); 2.3 million kWh produced (1975), 1,100 kWh per capita Exports: Colony-$2.28 million (1969); wool, hides and skins, and other; dependencies-no exports in 1968 or 1969 Imports: Colony-$1.22 million (1969); food, clothing, fuels, and machinery; dependencies- $8,368 (1969); mineral fuels and lubricants, food, and machinery Major trade partners: nearly all exports to the U.K., also some to the Netherlands and to Japan; imports from Curacao, Japan, and the U.K. Monetary conversion rate: 1 Falkland Island pound = US$2.60 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 35 km; 16 km paved, 19 km gravel, and earth; no other made-up roads in the islands beyond the immediate vicinity of Stanley Ports: 1 major (Port Stanley), 4 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable airfield, 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: government-operated open- wire and radiotelephone networks providing effective service to almost all points on both islands; approx- imately 650 telephones; 1 AM station and 1,100 est. radiobroadcast receivers FIJI LAND 18,272 km2; landownership-83.6% Fijians, 1.7% Indians, 6.4% government, 7.2% European, 1.1% other; about 30% of land area is suitable for farming WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 1,129 km Coral Sea o ... FIJI PEOPLE Population: 590,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.9% -(7-72 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Fijian(s); adjective-Fijian Ethnic divisions: 42% Fijian, 50% Indian, 8% European, Chinese and others Religion: Fijians mainly Christian, Indians are Hindu with a Muslim minority Language: English and Fijian (official), Hindu- stani widely spoken among Indians Literacy: over 80% Labor force: 95,000; over 50% in agriculture, no breakdown on remainder Organized labor: about 50% of labor force organized into 22 unions; unions organized along lines of work, breakdown by ethnic origin causes further fragmentation GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominion of Fiji Type: independent state within Commonwealth; Elizabeth II recognized as head of state Capital: Suva Political subdivisions: 14 provinces Legal system: based on British Branches: executive-Prime Minister; legislative- 52-member House of Representatives; Alliance Party 33 seats, National Federation Party 19 seats Government leader: Prime Minister Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years unless House dissolves earlier, last held March-April 1972 Political parties: Alliance, primarily Fijian, headed by Ratu Mara; National Federation, primarily Indian, headed by S. M. Koya Communists: few, no figures available Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMF, ISO, ITU, U.N., UPU, WHO PAPUUAA~ GU EA Pacific Ocean Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 ECONOMY GNP: $644 million (1975), $1,130 per capita; 5.8% real growth rate (1971-75) Agriculture: main crops-sugar, coconut products, bananas, rice; major deficiency, grains Major industries: sugar processing, tourism Electric power: 90,000 kW capacity (1975); 250 million kWh produced (1975), 435 kWh per capita Exports: $154 million (f.o.b., 1974, including reexports); 70% sugar, 11% coconut oil, 9% gold Imports: $271 million (c.i.f., 1974); 20% manufactured goods, 19% food, 16% machinery (1974) Major trade partners: exports-38% U.K., 31% U.S., 11% Australia; imports-30% Australia, 18% Japan, 11% New Zealand, 4% U.S. (1974) Aid: disbursed 1968-Australia $1.5 million, U.S. $0.6 million, U.K. $4.2 million Budget: (FY75 est.) revenues $102 million, expenditures $102 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Fijian dol- lar=US$1.1122 (June 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,828 km (1974); 278 km paved, 2,549 km gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: 203 km; 122 km navigable by motorized craft and 200-metric ton barges Ports: 1 major, 6 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 15 total, 15 usable; 2 with permanent surface runways, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 in, 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: modern local, interisland, and international (wire/radio integrated) public and special-purpose telephone, telegraph, and teleprinter facilities; regional radio center; important COMPAC cable link between U.S./Canada and New Zealand/ Australia, et al.; 25,560 telephones; 300,000 radio receivers; 5 AM, 2 FM, and no TV stations; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 148,000; 82,000 fit for military service; 6,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: the defense of the Fiji Islands was the responsibility of the U.K. until 10 October 1970; military budget for 1971, $314,000 LAND 336;700 km2; 8% arable, 58% forested, 34% other Land boundaries: 2,534 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm; Aaland Islands, 3 nm Coastline: 1,126 km (approx.) excludes islands and coastal .indentations PEOPLE Population: 4,738,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.4% (1-75 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Finn(s); adjective-Finnish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority Religion: 93% Evangelical Lutheran, 1% Greek Orthodox, 1% other, 5% no affiliation Language: Finnish 92%, Swedish 7%; small Lapp- and Russian-speaking minorities Literacy: 99% Labor force: 2.2 million; 16.6% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 26.4% mining and manufactur- ing, 8.4% construction, 15.4% commerce, 6.8% transportation and communications, 4.0% banking and finance, 20.1% services; 3.3% unemployed Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Finland Type: republic Capital: Helsinki Political subdivisions: 12 provinces; 443 com- munes, 78 towns Legal system: civil law system based on Swedish law; constitution adopted 1919; Supreme Court may request legislation interpreting or modifying laws; legal education at Universities of Helsinki and Turku; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Eduskunta); executive power vested in President and exercised through cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 4 superior courts, 193 lower courts Government leader: President Urho K. Kekkonen; Prime Minister Martti Miettunen Suffrage: universal, over age 20; not compulsory Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Elections: parliamentary, every 4 years (next in 1979); presidential, every 6 years (extraordinary parliamentary legislation extended President Kek- konens term, which normally expires in 1974, to 1978) Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic, Rafael Paasio; Center, Johannes Virolainen; Peoples Democratic League (Communist front), Ele Alenius; Conservative, Harri Holker; Liberal, Pekka Tarjanne; Swedish Peoples Party, Kristan Gestrin; Rural, Veikko Vennamo; Finnish People's Unity Party, Eino Haikala; Communist, Aarne Saarinen Voting strength (1975 election): 25% Social Democratic, 18.4% Conservative, 19.0% Peoples Democratic League, 17.7% Center, 3.6% Rural, 4.7% Swedish Peoples, 4.4% Liberals, 3.3% Christian Peoples Communists: 47,000; an additional 65,000 persons belong to Peoples Democratic League; a further number of sympathizers, as indicated by 421,000 votes cast for Peoples Democratic League in 1970 elections Member of: ADB, CEMA (special cooperation agreement), DAC, EC (free trade agreement), EFTA (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $26 billion (1975), $5,530 per capita; 49.0% consumption, 29.0% investment, 30.0% government, -8% net exports of goods and services; 1975 growth rate -1.0%, constant prices Agriculture: animal husbandry, especially dairying, predominates; forestry important secondary occupation for rural population; main crops-cereals, sugar beets, potatoes; 85% self-sufficient; shortages- food and fodder grains; caloric intake 2,940 calories per day per capita (1970-71) Major industries: include metal manufacturing and shipbuilding, forestry and wood processing (pulp, paper), copper refining Shortages: fossil fuels; industrial raw materials, except wood, and iron ore Crude steel: 1.6 million metric tons produced (1975), 340 kg per capita Electric power: 7,342,000 kW capacity (1975); 26.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 6,300 kWh per capita Exports: $5.5 billion (f.o.b., 1975); timber, paper and pulp, ships, machinery, iron and steel, clothing and footwear Imports: $7.6 billion (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, transport equipment, iron and steel, machinery, textile yarn and fabrics Major trade partners: (1975) 34% EC-nine (12% West Germany, 10% U.K.); 16% Sweden; 16% U.S.S.R.; 5% U.S. Aid: U.S. $203 million authorized FY46-75; IBRD-$316 million authorized through FY46-75, $20 million in 1975; Finnish foreign aid programs have amounted to $23 million 1961-69, $15,000 in 1970 Budget: (1975) expenditures $6.2 billion, revenues $6.6 billion Monetary conversion rate: new markka (Fmk) 3.69=US$1 (1975 trade conversion factor, IMF) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,946 km; Finnish State Railways (VR) operate a total 5,918 km 1.524-meter gage, 477 km multiple track, and 395 km electrified; 22 km 0.750- meter gage and 6 km 1.524-meter gage are privately owned Highways: about 72,800 km in national classified network, including 29,600 km paved (bituminous, concrete, bituminous surface treated) and 43,200 km unpaved (stabilized gravel, gravel, earth); additional 29,440 km of private (state subsidized) roads Inland waterways: 6,597 km total (including Saimaa Canal); 3,700 km suitable for steamers; Saimaa Canal locks (84 m by 13.2 m with a 5.2 m depth over sill) can accommodate vessels of up to 82 m in length, 11.8 m beam, 4.4 m draft, and 24.5 m mast height Pipelines: natural gas, 161 km Ports: 11 major, 14 minor Civil air: 37 major transport aircraft (2 leased) Airfields: 106 total, 105 usable; 37 with permanent-surface runways; 17 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 24 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: good telecom service from cable and radio-relay network; 1.87 million telephones; 2.2 million radio and 1.67 million TV receivers; 13 AM, 40 FM, and 67 TV stations; 4 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,211,000; 983,000 fit for military service; 39,000 reach military age (17) annually FRANCE LAND 551,670 km2; 35% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 14% waste, urban, or other, 25% forested Land boundaries: 2,888 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,427 km (includes Corsica, 644 km) PEOPLE Population: 53,096,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.5% (1-74 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Frenchman (men); adjective- French Ethnic divisions: 45% Celtic; remainder Latin, Germanic, Slav, Basque Religion: 83% Catholic, 2% Protestant, 1% Jewish, 1% Muslim (North African workers), 13% unaffiliated Language: French (100% of population); rapidly declining regional patois-Provencal, Breton, Germanic, Corsican, Catalan, Basque, Flemish Literacy: 97% Labor force: 22,100,000 (est. in mid-1975); 47% services, 38% industry, 11% agriculture, 4% unemployed Organized labor: approximately 17% of labor force, 23.4% of salaried labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: French Republic Type: republic, with president having wide powers Capital: Paris Political subdivisions: 95 metropolitan depart- ments, 21 regional economic districts Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; new constitution adopted 1958, amended concerning election of President in 1962; judicial review of administrative but not legislative acts; legal education at over 25 schools of law Branches: presidentially appointed Prime Minister heads Council of Ministers, which is formally responsible to National Assembly; bicameral legislature-National Assembly (490 members), Senate (283 members) restricted to a delaying action; judiciary independent in principle Government leader: President Valery Giscard d'Estaing Suffrage: universal over age 18; not compulsory Elections: National Assembly-every 5 years, last election March 1973, direct universal suffrage, 2 ballots; Senate-indirect collegiate system for 9 years, renewable by one-third every 3 years; President- direct, universal suffrage every 7 years, 2 ballots, last election May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), Jacques Chirac; Independent Republicans (IR), Valery Giscard d'Estaing; Communist (PCF), George Marchais; Progress and Modern Democracy (PDM), Jacques Duhamel; Left Radical Party, Robert Fabre; Center Democratic Party, Jean Lecanuet; Radical Socialists and Reformers, Gabriel Peronnet; Socialist Party, Francois Mitterrand; Unified Socialist Party (PSU), Michel Mousel Voting strength (first ballot, 1974 election): 43.2% Communist/Socialist Alliance, 32.6% IR, 15.1% UDR, 9.1% other Communists: 500,000 claimed; Communist voters, 5 million average Other political or pressure groups: Communist- controlled labor union (Confederation Generale du Travail) nearly 2.4 million members (claimed); Socialist leaning labor union (Confederation Francais du Travail) about 800,000 members est; National Council of French Employers (Conseil National du Patronat Francais-CNPF or Patronat) Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURA- TOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commis- sion, NATO (signatory), OAS (observer), OECD, South Pacific Commission, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $336 billion (1975 est.), $6,340 per capita; 63.9% private consumption, 22.9% investment (including government), 13.2% government con- sumption; 1975 real growth rate -2.5%; average annual growth rate 5.2% (1965-75) Agriculture: Western Europes foremost producer; main products-beef, cereals, sugar beets, potatoes, wine grapes; self-sufficient for most temperate zone foodstuffs; food shortages-fats and oils, tropical produce; caloric intake, 3,270 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: catch 808,000 metric tons (1974); exports $110 million, imports $405 million (1974) Major industries: steel, machinery and equipment, textiles and clothing, chemicals, food processing, metallurgy, aircraft Shortages: crude oil, textile fibers, most nonferrous ores, coking coal, fats and oils Crude steel: 21.6 million metric tons produced (1975), 410 kg per capita Electric power: 46,300,000 kW capacity (1975); Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 178.4 billion kWh produced (1975), 3,300 kWh per capita Exports: $53.0 billion (f.o.b., 1975); principal items-machinery and transportation equipment, foodstuffs, agricultural products, iron and steel products, textiles and clothing, chemicals Imports: $51.7 billion (c.i.f., 1975); principal items-crude petroleum, machinery and equipment, chemicals, iron and steel products, footstuffs, agricultural products Major trade partners: 18% West Germany; 10% Belgium-Luxembourg; 9% Italy; 6% U.S.; 6% Netherlands; 6% U.K.; 4% Eastern Europe; 2% U.S.S.R.; 4% Franc Zone Aid: economic (received)-U.S., $5,363 million authorized (FY46-75), $44 million in FY73; mili- tary-U.S., $4,549 million authorized (FY46-75); net official economic aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies-$8,400 million (FY60-70), $1,125 million in 1971, $457 million in 1974 Budget: (1975) expenditures 280.0 billion francs, revenues 242.6 billion francs, deficit 37.4 billion francs Monetary conversion rate: 1 franc=US$0.2333 (1975 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 36,720 km; 35,552 km standard gage (1,435 m), 1,168 km other gages (1.00 in to 1.435 m); 9,345 km electrified, 15,630 km double or multiple track Highways: National, Departmental, and Commu- nal roads total 795,520 km comprising 468,160 km paved, 304,000 km crushed stone and gravel, and 23,360 km improved earth; in addition, there are approximately 694,400 km of local farm and forest roads Inland waterways: 14,912 km; 5,604 km heavily traveled Pipelines: crude oil, 2,253 km; refined products, 4,344 km; natural gas, 22,047 km Ports: 23 major, 165 minor Civil air: 325 major transport aircraft (including 13 foreign based but French registered) Airfields: 451 total, 431 usable; 212 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 in, 26 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 122 with runways 1,220-2,439 km; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed system provides satisfactory telephone, telegraph, and radio and TV broadcast services; 13.8 million telephones; 18.5 million radiobroadcast receivers; 14.7 million TV receivers; 42 AM, 94 FM, and 1,473 TV stations; 22 submarine cables (21 coaxial); 5 communication satellite ground stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 12,900,000; fit for military service 10,400,000; 424,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $11,111,110,900; about 17% of central government budget FRENCH GUIANA LAND 90,909 km2; 90% forested, 10% wasteland, built-on, inland water and other, of which .05% is cultivated and pasture Land boundaries: 1,183 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 378 km PEOPLE Population: 55,000 (January 1977), annual growth rate 2.3% (7-67 to 7-73) Nationality: noun-French Guianese (sing., pl.); adjective-French Guiana Ethnic divisions: 95% Negro or mulatto, 5% caucasian, 10,000 East Indian, Chinese Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: French Literacy: 73% Labor force: 17,012 (1967 census); services 49%, construction 21%, agriculture 18%, industry 8%, transportation 4%; information on unemployment unavailable Organized labor: 7% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Department of French Guiana Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by one deputy in French National Assembly and one senator in French Senate Capital: Cayenne Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements, 19 communes each with a locally elected municipal council Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Legal system: French legal system; highest court is Court of Appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Martinique, Guadeloupe, and French Guiana Branches: executive: prefect appointed by Paris; legislative: popularly elected 16-member General Council and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and of the locally elected deputy and senator to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Herve Bourseiller Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections coincide with those for the French National Assembly; normally every 5 years; last election March 1973; local elections last held March 1976; last French presidential election in May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Parti Socialiste Guyanais (PSG), Leopold Heder, Senator; Union du Peuple Guyanaise (UPG), weak leftist allied with, but also reported, to have been absorbed by the PSG; Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), Hector Rivierez, delegate to French National Assembly Communists: Communist party membership negligible Member of: WCL, WFTU ECONOMY GNP: $40 million (at market prices, 1970), $800 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rice, corn, manioc, cocoa, bananas, sugarcane Fishing: catch 972 metric tons (1974); exports $3.7 million; imports $2.2 million (1971) Major industries: timber, rum, gold mining, production of rosewood essence, and space center Electric power: 29,000 kW capacity (1975); 60 million kWh produced (1975), 1,100 kWh per capita Exports: $5 million (f.o.b.-1973); shrimp, timber,. rum, rosewood essence Imports: $56 million (c.i.f., 1973); food (grains, processed meat); other consumer goods, producer goods and petroleum Major trade partners: exports-78% U.S , 11% France, 5% Martinique; imports-49% France, 10% U.S., 3% Trinidad and Tobago (1969) Monetary conversion rate: 4.44 French francs= US$1 (1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 32 km private plantation line,.0:600- meter gage Highways: 500 km; 390 km paved, 110 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 460 km, navigable by small oceangoing vessels and river and coastal steamers; 3,300 km possibly navigable by native craft Ports: 1 major (Cayenne), 7 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 13 total, 10 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in Telecommunications: limited open-wire telecom system with about 8,400 telephones; 7,100 radio receivers and 3,100 TV receivers, 2 AM, 2 FM and 2 TV stations; COMSAT ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,000; 9,000 fit for military service FRENCH POLYNESIA LAND About 4,000 km2 (See refe,eere e,ep VIII/ WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm Coastline: about 2,525 km PEOPLE Population: 120,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1973) Nationality: noun-French Polynesian(s); adjec- tive-French Polynesian Ethnic divisions: 78% Polynesian, 12% Chinese, 6% local French, 4% metropolitan French Religion: mainly Christian; 55% Protestant, 32% Catholic GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of French Polynesia Type: overseas territory of France, administered by French Ministry for Overseas Territories Capital: Papeete Political subdivisions: 5 districts Legal system: based on French; lower and higher courts Branches: 30-member Territorial Assembly, popularly elected; 5-member Council of Government, Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 elected by Assembly; popular election of one deputy to National Assembly in Paris, also one Senator Government leader: Charles Schmitt, Governor, appointed by French government Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years Political parties and leaders: Pupu Here Ai'a, Senator Pouvanna a Oopa, John Teariki; Te E'a Api, Francis Sanford; Union Tahitienne-Union pour la Defense de la Republique, Te Autahoera'a ECONOMY GDP: $259 million (1970) $1,960 per capita (1971) Agriculture: coconut main crop Major industries: maintenance of French nuclear test base, tourism Electric power: 36,000 kW capacity (1975); 95 million kWh produced (1975), 592 kWh per capita Exports: $19 million (1973); principal products- coconut products (79%), mother-of-pearl (14%) (1971) Imports: $211 million (1973) Major trade partners: imports-59% France, 14% U.S.; exports-86% France Aid: France $16 million (1973) Monetary conversion rate: 100 CFP=INZ$ (1971) COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 3,700 km, all types Ports: 1 major (Papeete), 6 minor Airfields: 19 total, 19 usable; 10 with permanent surface runways, 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Civil air: no major transport Telecommunications: 12,400 telephones; 72,000 radio and 14,000 TV sets; 1 AM, no FM, and 6 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Defense is responsibility of France. FRENCH TERRITORY OF THE AFARS AND ISSAS LAND 23,310 km2; 89% desert wasteland, 10% permanent pasture, and less than 1% cultivated Land boundaries: 517 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 314 km (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 180,000 (official estimate for 1972) Nationality: noun-Afar(s), Issa(s); adjective- Afar, Issa SOMALIA . Ethnic divisions: (approximate figures) 59,350 Somalis, mostly Issas (large number of the Somalis are temporary immigrants from Somalia, not citizens of territory), 53,650 Afars, 6,000 Arabs, 7,000 French (inclusive of French military forces) Religion: 94% Muslim, 6% Christian Language: Somali, Afar, French, Arabic, all widely used Literacy: about 5% Labor force: a small number of semiskilled laborers at port Organized labor: some 3,000 railway workers organized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Territory of Afars and Issas Type: overseas territory of France; represented by one deputy in French National Assembly and by one senator in French Senate Capital: Djibouti ' Legal system: based on French civil law system, traditional practices and Islamic law Branches: President of Council of Government; 8- member Council of Government appointed by 40- member Chamber of Deputies; ultimate political authority exercised by Paris-appointed High Commissioner Government leader: Abdallah Mohammed Kamil Suffrage: universal Elections: Chamber of Deputies election held November 1973 Political parties and leaders: National Independ- ence Union (UNI), Ali Aref Bourhan; African People's Independence League (LPAI), Hassan Gouled and Ahmed Dini; Popular Liberation Movement, Kamil Ali; governing coalition consists of the LPAI and a parliamentary group headed by Barkat Courat Communists: possibly a few sympathizers AFAHS AND ISSAS Dji .U Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 ECONOMY Cross territorial product: $65 million (1972) Agriculture: livestock; desert conditions limit commercial crops to about 15 acres, including fruits and vegetables Industry: ship repairs and services of port and railroad Electric power: 23,500 kW capacity (1975); 55 million kWh produced (1975), 440 kWh per capita Imports: $74 million (1973); almost all domes- tically needed goods Exports: $20 million, including transit trade (1973); hides and skins, and transit of coffee Aid: $2.4 million in 1967 from France Monetary conversion rate: 177 Djibouti francs= US$1 Fiscal year: probably same as that for France (calendar year) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 97 km meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 750 km; 100 km paved, 650 km improved earth Ports: 1 major (Djibouti) Airfields: 7 total, 7 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft (registered in France) Telecommunications: fair system of urban facilities in Djibouti and radiocommunication stations at outlying places; 3,400 telephones; 13,000 radio receivers; 3,000 TV receivers; 1 AM, no FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 30,000; about 17,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of France LAND 264,180 km2; 75% forested, 15% savanna, 9% urban and wasteland, less than 1% cultivated Land boundaries: 2,422 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 100 rim; fishing, 150 nm Coastline: 885 km PEOPLE Population: 557,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.7% (7-66 to 7-70) Nationality: noun-Gabonese (sing., pl.); Gabo- nese Ethnic divisions: about 40 Bantu tribes, including 4 major tribal groupings (Fang, Eshira, Mbede, Okande); about 100,000 expatriate Africans and Europeans, including 30,000 French Religion: 55% to 75% Christian, less than .1% Muslim, remainder animist Language: French official language and medium of instruction in schools; Fang is a major vernacular language Literacy: about 12% Labor force: about 280,000 of whom 74,000 are wage earners in the modern sector Organized labor: less than 30% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Gabonese Republic Type: republic; one-party presidential regime since 1964 Capital: Libreville Political subdivisions: 9 provinces subdivided into 36 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Center of Higher and Legal Studies at Libreville; compulsory ICJ jurisdiction not accepted Branches: power centralized in President, elected by universal suffrage for 7-year term; unicameral 70- member National Assembly has limited powers; judiciary Government leader: President Omar Bongo Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: Presidential and parliamentary elections last held February 1973 Political parties and leaders: Gabonese Demo- cratic Party (PDG) led by President Bongo is only legal party Communists: no organized party; probably some Communist sympathizers Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, OPEC, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,389 million (1974 est.), $2,600 per capita; .61% growth (1973-74) Agriculture: commercial-cocoa, coffee, wood, palm oil, rice; main food crops-bananas, manioc, peanuts, root crops; imports food Fishing: catch 4,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: petroleum production, sawmills, petroleum refinery, natural gas, agricultural processing; mining of increasing importance; major minerals-manganese, uranium, gold, and iron Electric power: 85,000 kW capacity (1975); 215 million kWh produced (1975), 375 kWh per capita Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1975); crude petroleum, wood and wood products, minerals (manganese, uranium concentrates, gold) Imports: $727 million (f.o.b., 1975); excluding UDEAC trade; mining, roadbuilding machinery, electrical equipment, transport vehicles, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: France, U.S., West Germany, and Curacao; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone Budget: 1975 est.-receipts $630 million, current expenditures $184 million, investment expenditures $446 million Monetary conversion rate: 248.22 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 as of August 1976 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 6,848 km; 182 km paved, 5,665 km gravel and/or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: ? approximately 1,600 km perennially navigable ,Pipelines: crude oil, 129 km Ports: 3 major (Libreville, Port-Gentil, Owendo), 2 minor Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft Airfields: 163 total, 105 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 20 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: system of open-wire, radio- relay, tropospheric scatter links and radiocommunica- tion stations; satellite ground station; 4 AM, no FM, and 2 TV stations; 7,000 telephones; 92,000 radio receivers; 8,000 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 133,000; 69,000 fit for military service; 5,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $20,252,310; 3% of central government budget LAND 10,360 km2; 25% uncultivated savanna, 16% swamps, 4% forest parks, 55% upland cultivable areas, built-up areas, etc. Land boundaries: 740 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm Coastline: 80 km PEOPLE Population: 544,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (7-68 to 7-70) Nationality: noun-Gambian(s); adjective- Gambian Ethnic divisions: over 99% Africans (Malinke 40.8%, Fulani 13.5%, Wolof 12.9%, remainder made up of several smaller groups), fewer than 1% Europeans and Lebanese Religion: 85% Muslim, 15% animist and Christian Language: English official; Malinke and Wolof most widely used vernaculars Literacy: about 10% Labor force: approx. 165,000, mostly engaged in subsistence farming; about 15,000 are wage earners (government, trade, services) Organized labor: 25% to 30% of wage labor force at most Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of The Gambia Type: republic; independent since February 1965 Capital: Banjul Political subdivisions: Banjul and 5 divisions Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution came into force upon independence in 1965, new republican constitution adopted in April 1970; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: cabinet of 10 members;' 41-member House of Representatives, in which 4 seats are reserved for chiefs, 4 are appointed, 32 are filled by election for 5-year terms, a Speaker is elected by the House, and the Attorney General is an ex officio member; independent judiciary Government leader: Dawda K. Jawara, President Political parties and leaders: People's Progressive Party (PPP), Secretary General Dawda K. Jawara, and United Party (UP), John Forster Suffrage: universal adult Elections: general elections held March 1972; PPP 28 seats, UP 3 seats, 1 independent seat Communists: insignificant number Member of: AFBD, APC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, GATT, IBRD, IDA, IMF, OAU, U.N., WCL, WFTU, WHO ECONOMY GDP: $104 million (FY75 est.), about $200 per capita Agriculture: main crops-peanuts, rice, palm kernels - Fishing: catch 6,000 metric tons (1974); exports 956,000 (1974) Major industry: peanut processing Electric power: 10,000 kW capacity (1975); 16 million kWh produced (1975), 30 kWh per capita Exports: $43 million (FY75); peanuts and peanut products 90% to 95%, palm kernels Imports: $51 million (FY75); textiles, foodstuffs, tobacco, machinery, petroleum products Major trade partners: exports-U.K. and France; imports-U.K. and Japan 'Aid: economic-U.K. (1968-71), about $8 million commitment; U.S. (FY56-75), $9.0 million; other international organizations (FY62-75), $10.8 million Budget: (FY75 est.) current expenditures $13 million, receipts $17 million; development expendi- tures $6.7 million, development receipts $7.2 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Dalasi = US$0.45 (August 1976) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,858 km; 190 km bituminous surface treated, 1,330 km gravel/laterite, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 605 km Ports: 1 major (Banjul) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 usable with permanent-surface runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station (non-operational) Telecommunications: adequate network of radio- relay; 2,310 telephones; 60,500 radio receivers; 1 AM, 1 FM and no TV stations; 1 submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 124,000; 63,000 fit for military service GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC North Sea GENMAR I/ V Baltic Sea OF GERMANY LAND 108,262 km2; 43% arable, 15% meadows and pasture, 27% forested, 15% other Land boundaries: 2,309 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 901 km (including islands) PEOPLE 'Population: 16,778,000, including East Berlin (January 1977), average annual growth rate -0.3% (current) Nationality: noun-German(s); adjective-Ger- man Ethnic divisions: 99.7% German, .3% Slavic and other Religion: 53% Protestant, 8% Roman Catholic, 39% unaffiliated or other; less than 5% of Protestants and about 25% of Roman Catholics actively participate Language: German, small Sorb (West Slavic) minority .. . Literacy: 99% Labor force: 8.2 million; 34.1% industry; 4.7% handicrafts;. 6.8% construction; 11.9% agriculture; Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 6.8% transport and communications; 10.1% commerce; 16.8% services; 2.5% other Organized labor: 87.7% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: German Democratic Republic Type: Communist state Capital: East Berlin (not officially recognized by U.S., U.K., and France, which together with the U.S.S.R. have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin) Political subdivisions: (excluding East Berlin) 14 districts (Bezirke), 218 counties (Kreise), 7,643 communities (Gemeinden) Legal system: civil law system modified by Communist legal theory; new constitution adopted 1974; court system parallels administrative divisions; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Universities of Berlin, Leipzig, Halle and Jena; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; more stringent penal code adopted 1968 Branches: legislative-Volkskammer (elected directly); executive-Chairman of Council of State, Chairman of Council of Ministers, Cabinet (approved by Volkskammer); judiciary-Supreme Court; entire structure dominated by Socialist Unity (Communist) Party Government leaders: Chairman, Council of State, Willi Stoph (Head of State); Chairman, Council of Ministers, Horst Sindermann (Head of Government) Suffrage: all citizens age 18 and over Elections: national every 5 years; prepared by an electoral commission of the National Front; ballot supposed to be secret and voters permitted to strike names off ballot; more candidates than offices available; parliamentary elections held 14 November 1971 Political parties and leaders: Socialist Unity (Communist) Party (SED), headed by First Secretary Erich Honecker, dominates the regime; 4 token parties (Christian Democratic Union, National Democratic Party, Liberal Democratic Party, and Democratic Peasant's Party) and an amalgam of special interest organizations participate with the SED in National Front Voting strength: 1976 parliamentary elections: 98.58% voted the regime slate; 1970 local elections: 99.85% voted the regime slate Communists: 1.9 million party members Other special interest groups: Free German Youth, Free German Trade Union Federation, Democratic Women's Federation of Germany, German Cultural Federation (all Communist dominated). . Member of: CEMA, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $70.2 billion in 1975 (1975 prices), $4,170 per capita; 1975 growth rate 4.9% Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops- potatoes, rye, wheat, barley, oats, industrial crops; shortages in grain, vegetables, vegetable oil, beef; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1970- 71) Fish catch: 327,000 metric tons (1975) Major industries: metal fabrication, chemicals, light industry, brown coal, and shipbuilding Shortages: coking coal, coke, crude oil, rolled steel products, nonferrous metals Crude steel: 6.5 million metric tons produced (1975), approx. 380 kg per capita Electric power: 17,100,000 kW capacity (1975); 84.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 5,010 kWh per capita Exports: $10,088 million (f.o.b. delivering country, 1975) Imports: $11,290 million (f.o.b. delivering country, 1975) Major trade partners: $21,378 million (1975); 36% U.S.S.R., 34% other Communist countries, 30% non- Communist countries Monetary conversion rate: 3.48 DME=US$1 for trade data (1975 rate) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for the consumption year 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 14,252 km; 13,912 km standard gage (1.435 m), 340 km meter (1.00 m) or other narrow gage, 2,850 km double track standard gage (1.435 m); 1,406 km overhead electrified (1974) Highways: 47,603 kni classified highways; 12,927 km state highways including 1,531 km autobahn; 34,676 km district roads; additionally about 80,000 km communal roads (1974) Inland waterways: 2,499 km (1976) Freight carried: rail-286.3 million metric tons, 49.1 billion metric ton/km (1974); highway-541.9 million metric tons, 15.2 million metric ton/km (1974); waterway-14.5 million metric tons, 2.3 billion metric ton/km (excl. int'l. transit traffic) (1975) Pipelines: crude oil, 805 km; refined products, 241 km; natural gas 483 km Ports: 4 major (Rostock, Wismar, Stralsund, Sassnitz), 13 minor (1976) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending.31 December 1976, 10.2 billion DME; about 9% of total budget Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF LAND 248,640 km2 (including West Berlin); 33% cultivated, 23% meadows and pastures, 13% waste or urban, 29% forested, 2% inland water Land boundaries: 4,232 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 200 nm) Coastline: 1,488 km (approx.) PEOPLE Population: 61,590,000, including West Berlin (January 1977), average annual growth rate -0.1% (1-73 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-German(s); adjective-Ger- man Ethnic divisions: 99% Germanic, 1% other Religion: 46.9% Protestant, 45.4% Roman Catholic, 7.7% other (as of 1970) Language: German Literacy: 99% Labor force: 26.7 million; 44.1 % in manufacturing and construction, 15.2% services, 12.8% commerce, 8.2% government, 7.2% agriculture, 5.4% com- munication and transportation, 1% mining; 4.7% average unemployed as of 1975, excluding self employed Organized labor: 31% of total labor force; 37.5% of wage and salary earners GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federal Republic of Germany Type: federal republic Capital: Bonn Political subdivisions: 10 Laender (states); Western sectors of Berlin are ultimately controlled by U.S., U.K., and France which, together with the U.S.S.R., have special rights and responsibilities in Berlin Legal system: civil law system with indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1949; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Federal constitu- tional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: bicameral parliament-Bundersrat (upper house), Bundestag (lower house); President (titular head), Chancellor (executive head); independent judiciary Government leaders: President, Walter Scheel; Chancellor, Helmut Schmidt leads coalition of Social Democrats and Free Democrats Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: next national election scheduled for fall of 1980 Political parties and leaders: Christian Demo- cratic Union/Christian Social Union (CDU/CSU), Helmut Kohl, Franz-Josef Strauss, Karl Carstens, Kurt Biedenkopf; Social Democratic Party (SPD), Willy Brandt, Hans Koschnick, Helmut Schmidt; Free Democratic Party (FDP), Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Hans Friderichs, Wolfgang Mischnick; National Democratic Party (NPD), Martin Mussgnug; Communist Party (DKP), Herbert Mies Voting strength (1976 election): 42.6% SPD, 48.6% CDU/CSU, 7.9% FDP, 0.9% Splinter groups of left and right (no parliamentary representation) Communists: about 40,000 members and sup- porters Other political or pressure groups: expellee, refugee, and veterans groups Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECSC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATON4, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $423 billion (1975), $6,810 per capita (including West Berlin) (1975); 56% consumption, 21% investment, 21% government consumption (does not include total government spending); net foreign balance 2%; average annual growth rate 1965-75, 4.3% in constant 1962 prices Agriculture: main crops-grains, potatoes, sugar beets; 75% self-sufficient; food shortages-fats and oils, pulses, tropical products; caloric intake, 2,984 calories per day per capita (1973-74) Fishing: catch 434,037 metric tons, $167 million (1975); exports $117 million, imports $347 million (1975) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Major industries: among world's largest producers of iron, steel, coal, cement, chemicals, machinery, ships, vehicles Shortages: fats and oils, sugar, cotton, wool, rubber, petroleum, iron ore, bauxite, nonferrous metals, sulfur Crude steel: 60.6 million metric tons capacity; 40.4 million metric tons produced (1975); 650 kg per capita Electric power: 75,766,000 kW capacity (1975); 301.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 4,800 kWh per capita Exports: $90 billion (f.o.b., 1975); manufactures 90.7% (machines and machine tools, chemicals, motor vehicles, iron and steel products), agricultural products 4.1%, fuels 3.1%, raw materials 2.1% Imports: $75 billion (c.i.f., 1975); manufactures 58.2%, fuels 17.6%, agricultural products 13.8%, raw materials 10.4% Major trade partners: EC 46% (France 12%, Netherlands 12%, Belgium-Luxembourg 8%, Italy 8%); other Europe 17%; U.S. 7%; OPEC 9%; Communist economic 6% . Aid: economic-U.S. $4,212 million authorized (FY46-75); $16 million authorized (FY73); military- U.S., $939 million authorized (FY46-73), none since F.Y64; net official aid flows to less developed countries and multilateral agencies (1962-74)-$9,394 million, $1,526 million (1974) Budget: (1975) expenditures $61 billion, revenues $48.8 billion, deficit $12.2 billion Monetary conversion rate: DM 2.46 (West German marks)=US$1 (1975 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 33,453 km; 29,032 km government- owned, standard gage (1.435 m), 12,491 km double track; 9,760 km electrified; 4,421 km non-government owned; 3,997 km standard gage (1.435 m); 214 km electrified; 424 km meter gage (1.00 m); 186 km electrified Highways: 398,720 km; 161,400 km classified, includes 153,160 km cement-concrete, bituminous, or stone block (includes 5,792 km of autobahnen); 8,240 km gravel, crushed'stone, improved earth; in addition, 237,320 km of unclassified roads of various surface types Inland waterways: 4,990 km of which almost 70% usable by craft of 990 metric-ton capacity or larger Pipelines: crude oil, 1,931 km; refined products, 1,609 km; natural gas, 95,414 km Ports: 10 major, 11 minor Civil air: 166 major transport aircraft Airfields: 433 total, 377. usable; 203 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with -runways over 3,660 in, 35 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 36 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: highly developed, modern telecommunication service to all parts of the country; fully adequate in all respects; 20.4 million telephones; 21.5 million radio and 19.5 million TV receivers; 90 AM, 129 FM, and 2,160 TV stations; 6 submarine cables; 4 communication satellite ground stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,749,000; 12,357,000 fit for military service; 460,000 reach military age (18) annually LAND 238,280 km2; 19% agricultural, 60% forest and brush, 21% other Land boundaries: 2,285 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm (undefined protective areas may be proclaimed seaward of territorial sea, and up to 100 nm seaward may be proclaimed fishing conservation zone) Coastline: 539 km PEOPLE Population: 10,281,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-72 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Ghanaian(s); adjective- Ghanaian Ethnic divisions: 99.8% Negroid African (major tribes Ashanti, Fante, Ewe), 0.2% European and other Religion: 45% animists, 43% Christian, 12% Muslim Language: English official; African languages include Akan 44%, Mole-Dagbani 16%, Ewe 13%, and Ga-Adangbe 8% Literacy: about 25% (in English) Labor force: 3.4 million; 61 % agriculture ? and fishing, 16.8% industry, 15.2% sales and clerical, 4.1% Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 services, transportation, and communications, 2.9% professional; 400,000 unemployed Organized labor: 350,000 or approximately 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ghana Type: republic; independent since March 1957; Military regime since January 1972 Capital: Accra Political subdivisions: 8 administrative regions and separate Greater Accra Area; regions subdivided into 58 districts and 267 local administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution suspended January 1972; legal education at University of Ghana (Legon); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive and legislative authority vested in Supreme Military Council (SMC); independent judiciary Government leaders: Chief of State, Chairman of SMC General Ignatius Kutu Acheampong Suffrage: universal over 21 under previous constitution, now suspended Elections: no elections since 1969; none scheduled Political parties and leaders: parties banned by military junta which, took power 13 January 1972 Communists: a small number of Communists and sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, . ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $3.7 billion (1974) at current prices, about $390 per capita; real growth rate 2% (1970-74) Agriculture: main crop-cocoa; other crops include root crops, corn, sorghum and millet, peanuts; not self-sufficient, but can become so Fishing: catch 223,500 metric tons (1974) Major industries: mining, lumbering, light manufacturing, fishing, aluminum Electric power: 976,000 kW capacity (1975.); 3.6 billion kWh produced (1975), 350 kWh per capita Exports: $785 million (f.o.b., 1974); cocoa (about 65%), wood, gold, diamonds, manganese, bauxite, and aluminum (aluminum regularly excluded from balance of payments data) Imports: $662 million (f.o.b., 1975); textiles and other manufactured goods, food, fuels, transport equipment Major trade partners: U.K., EC, and U.S. Budget: FY75-revenue $617 million, current expenditure $482 million, capital expenditure $214 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Cedi=US$0.87 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 953 km, all 1.067-meter gage; 32 km double track; diesel locomotives gradually replacing steam engines Highways: 29,740 km; 4,020 km concrete or bituminous surface, 12,870 km gravel or laterite, 8,850 km improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: Volta, Ankobra, and Tano rivers provide 235 km of perennial navigation for launches and lighters; additional routes navigable seasonally by small craft; Lake Volta reservoir provides 1,125 km of arterial and feeder waterways Pipelines: refined products, 3 km Ports: 2 major (Tema, Takoradi), 1 naval base (Sekondi), 4 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 19 total, 18 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: good system of open-wire and cable, radio-relay links and radiocommunication stations; 54,500 telephones; 1,060,000 radio and 33,000 TV receivers; 3 AM, no FM, and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,319,000; 1,286,000 fit for military service; 111,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $98.7 million; 9.1% of central government budget ' GIBRALTAR LAND 6.5 km2 Land boundaries: 1.6 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Coastline: 12 km PEOPLE Population: 29,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1974) Nationality: noun-Gibraltarian(s); adjective- Gibraltar Ethnic divisions: mostly Italian, English, Maltese, Portuguese and Spanish descent Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: English and Spanish are primary languages; Italian, Portuguese, and Russian also spoken; English used in the schools and for all official purposes Literacy: illiteracy is negligible Labor force: approx. 14,800, including non- Gibraltarian laborers Organized labor: over 6,000 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Gibraltar Type: U.K. colony Capital: none Legal system: English law; constitutional talks in July 1968; new system effected in 1969 after electoral enquiry Branches: parliamentary system comprised of the Gibraltar House of the Assembly (15 elected members and 3 ex officio members), the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister, and the Gibraltar Council; the Governor is appointed by the Crown Government leaders: Governor and Commander in Chief, Marshall of the RAF Sir John Grandy, Chief Minister, Sir Joshua Hassan Suffrage: all adult Gibraltarians, plus other U.K. subjects resident 6 months or more Elections: every 5 years; last held in September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Labor, Sir Joshua Hassan; Democratic Movement, Joe Boscano Voting strengths: (September 1976) Labor, 8 seats; Democratic Movement, 4 seats; independents, 3 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: the House- wives Association; the Chamber of Commerce; Gibraltar Representatives Organization ECONOMY Economic activity in Gibraltar centers on commerce and large British naval and air bases; nearly all trade in the well-developed port is transit trade and port serves also as important supply depot for fuel, water, and ships' wares; recently built dockyards and machine shops provide maintenance and repair services to 3,500-4,000 vessels that call at Gibraltar each year. U.K. military establishments and civil government employ nearly half the insured labor force; local industry is confined to manufacture of tobacco, roasted coffee, ice, mineral waters, candy, and canned fish; some factories for manufacture of clothing are being developed; a small segment of local population makes its livelihood by fishing; in recent years tourism has increased in importance. Electric power: 25,000 kW capacity (1975); 50 million kWh produced (1975), 2,000 kWh per capita Exports: $11.28 million (f.o.b., 1973); principally reexports of tobacco, petroleum, and wine; 13% to U.K. Imports: $22.81 million; 60% from U.K. Major trade partners: U.K., Morocco, Portugal, Netherlands Monetary conversion rate: 1 Gibraltar pound= US$2.4522 (as of September 28, 1973, floating) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 56 km, mostly paved Ports: 1 major (Gibraltar) Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 permanent-surface runway, 1,220- 2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: international radiocom- munication facilities; automatic telephone system serving 8,000 telephones; 7,300 radio receivers; 7,000 TV receivers, 1 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 3 submarine telegraph cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 6,000; about 3,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of United Kingdom GILBERT ISLANDS NOTE: On October 1, 1975, by Constitutional Order, the Ellice Islands were formally separated from the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands, thus forming the new colony of Tuvalu. The remaining islands in the former Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony were renamed the Gilbert Islands. The islands that comprise the Gilbert Islands Colony are the Gilbert Islands; Fanning Atoll and Washington Island in the Line Islands; Ocean Island; and those islands claimed by the United States: Caroline, Christmas, Flint, Malden, Starbuck, and Vostok in the Line Islands; and Birnie, Gardner, Hull, McKean, Phoenix, and Sydney in the Phoenix Islands. LAND About 684 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 1,143 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 P,APUUA NEW gIJ EA of GILBERT ISLANDS UNIT 11" STATES O PEOPLE Population: 55,000, preliminary total from census of 8 December 1973 Nationality: noun-Gilbertese or Gilbert Island- er(s); adjective-Gilbertese, or Gilbert Islander Ethnic divisions: Micronesian Religion: Catholic Literacy: less than 50% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Gilbert Islands Colony Type: British crown colony with large measure of self-government Capital: Tarawa Branches: 20-member House of Assembly elects a Chief Minister Government leader: Governor John H. Smith; Chief Minister, Naboua Ratieva Political parties and leaders: Gilbertese National Party, Christian Democratic Party Member of: ADB ECONOMY GDP: $740 per capita (1974) Agriculture: copra, subsistence crops of vegetables, supplemented by domestic fishing Industry: phosphate production, expected to cease in 1978 Electric power: 16,000 kW capacity (1975); 44 million kWh produced (1975), 733 kWh per capita Exports: $8.6 million (1970 est.); 70% phosphate, copra Imports: $3.1 million (1970 est.); foodstuffs, fuel Budget: (est.) revenue 5.877 million NZ$, expenditure 4.577 million NZ$ Monetary conversion rate: 0.80 Australian $= US$1 March 1976 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 483 km of motorable roads Inland waterways: small network of canals, totaling 5 km, in Northern Line Islands Ports: 1 minor Civil air: no major transport, aircraft Telecommunications: 1 AM broadcast station; 5,000 radio receivers, no TV sets, and 250 telephones; connected with Lisbon, Portugal, via cable broadcasts LAND. 132,608 km2; 29% arable and land under permanent crops, 40% meadows and pastures, 20% forested, 11% wasteland, urban, other Land boundaries: 1,191 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm Coastline: 13,676 km PEOPLE Population: 9,123,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.6% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Greek(s); adjective-Greek Ethnic divisions: 96% Greek, 2% Turkish, 1% Albanian, 1% other Religion: 97% Greek Orthodox, 2.5% Muslim, 0.5% other Language: Greek; English and French widely understood Literacy: males about 92%; females about 73%; total about 82% Labor force: 3,400,000 (1975 est.); 40.5% agriculture, 25.6% industry, 33.7% services; unemployment 3%, but there is substantial unemployment in agriculture Organized labor: 20% of labor force est. GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hellenic Republic Type: presidential parliamentary government; monarchy rejected by referendum December 8, 1974 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Capital: Athens Political subdivisions: 52 departments (nomoi) constitute basic administrative units for country; each nomos headed by officials appointed by central government and policy and programs tend to be formulated by central ministries; degree of flexibility each nomos may have in altering or avoiding programs imposed by Athens depends upon tradition (Thessaloniki and other areas exercise considerable traditional autonomy in local administrative decisions) and influence which prominent local leaders and citizens may exercise vis-a-vis key figures in central government Legal system: new constitution enacted in June 1975 Branches: executive consisting of a President (to be elected by Parliament) and a Prime Minister and cabinet; legislative comprising the 300-member Parliament; independent judiciary Government leaders: President Constantine Tsatsos; Prime Minister Constantine Caramanlis Suffrage: universal age 21 and over Elections: every 4 years; latest November 17, 1974 Political parties and leaders: Union of the Democratic Center, George Mavros; New Democracy, Constantine Caramanlis; Panhellenic Socialist Movement, Andreas Papandreou; Communist Party-Exterior, Harilaos Florakis; Communist Party-Interior, Haralambos Drakopoulos; and the United Democratic Left, Ilias Iliou Voting strength: New Democracy, 215 seats; Union of the Democratic Center, 57 seats; Panhellenic Socialist Movement, 15 seats; Communists, 8 seats; independent, 5 seats Communists: an estimated 25,000-30,000 members and sympathizers Member of: EC (associate), EIB (associate), EMA, GATT, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $21.1 billion (1975), $2,320 per capita; 70.5% consumption, 20.8% investment, 13.3% government; net foreign balance -6.5%, real growth rate 0.75% (1975); typical real growth rate averages 7.5% Agriculture: subject to droughts; main crops- wheat, olives, tobacco, cotton; nearly self-sufficient; food shortages-livestock products; caloric intake, 2,960 calories per day per capita (1963) Major industries: food processing, tobacco, chemicals, textiles, petroleum refining, aluminum processing Shortages: petroleum, minerals, feed grains Crude steel: 875,000 metric tons produced (1975), 100 kg per capita Electric power: 4,763,000 kW capacity (1975); 14.6 billion kWh produced (1975), 1,120 kWh per capita Exports: $2,297 million (f.o.b., 1975); principal items-tobacco, cotton, fruits, textiles Imports: 5,328 million (c.i.f., 1975); principal items-machinery and automotive equipment, manufactured consumer goods, petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, meat and live animals Major trade partners: (January to November 1974)-44% EC, 18% U.S., 9% other European countries, 8% CEMA countries Aid: economic (authorized)-U. S., $1,992.2 million (FY46-73); International Finance Corpora- tion, $15 million through FY73; U.N. Technical Assistance, $4.3 million through FY72; U.N. Special Fund, $63.1 million through 1972; IBRD, $118.9 million (FY68-73), $25 million in 1972; Consortium, $40 million in 1966; EC (FY64-72) $69.2 million; U.S.S.R. $7.7 million (1954-74); military-U.S., $2,337 million (FY1946-73) Budget: (1975) expenditures. $4,680 million, revenues $4,072 million, deficit $609 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 drachma=US$0.031 (1975 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,567 km; 1,559 km standard gage (1.435 m), 960 km meter gage (1.00 m), 32 km narrow gage (0.60 m), 16 km narrow gage (0.750 m); all government-owned Highways: 36,714 km; 18,223 km paved, 12,451 km crushed stone and gravel, 5,062 km improved earth, 978 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: system consists of 3 coastal canals and 3 unconnected rivers which provide navigable length of just less than 80 km Pipelines: crude oil, 26 km, refined products, 547 km Ports: 17 major, 37 minor Airfields: 67 total, 62 usable; 44 with permanent- surface runways; 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Civil air: 35 major transport aircraft (including 2 withdrawn from service) Telecommunications: adequate modern networks reach all areas on mainland and islands; 2.18 million telephones; 3.25 million radio receivers; 1.1 million TV receivers; 31 AM, 18 FM, and 33 TV stations; 4 coaxial submarine cables; 2 communications satellite ground stations Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,256,000; 1,728,000 fit for military service; about 75,000 reach military age (21) annually Military budget: est. for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $1.16 billion; about 19.3% of central government budget GREENLAND LAND 2,175,600 km2; less than 1 % arable (of which only a fraction cultivated), 84% permanent ice and snow, 15% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 44,087 km (approx., includes minor islands) PEOPLE Population: 51,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.6% (1-71 to 1-75) Nationality: noun-Greenlander(s); adjective- Greenland Ethnic divisions: 86% Greenlander (Eskimos and Greenland-born whites), 14% Danes Religion: Evangelical Lutheran Language: Danish, Eskimo dialects Literacy: 99% Labor force: 12,000; largely engaged in fishing and sheep breeding GOVERNMENT Legal name: Greenland Type: province of Kingdom of Denmark; 2 representatives in Danish parliament; separate Minister for Greenland in the Danish cabinet Capital: Godthaab (administrative center) Political subdivisions: 3 counties, 19 communes Legal system: Danish law; transformed from colony to province in 1953 Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and Danish parliament; executive power vested in Crown, acting through provincial governor responsible to Minister for Greenland; local affairs handled by provincial council (Landsrad) subject to approval of provincial governor; 19 lower courts Government leader: Queen Margrethe II, Governor N. 0. Christensen Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 21 Elections: held every 4 years (next 1979) Political parties: Inuit (advocating close ties with Denmark); Sukaq (moderate socialist, advocating more distinct Greenland identity) ECONOMY GNP: included in that of Denmark Agriculture: arable areas largely in hay; sheep grazing; garden produce Fishing: catch 48,052 tons (1975); exports $35.6 million (1975) Major industries: mining, slaughtering, fishing, sealing Electric power: 57,500 kW capacity (1975); .117 million kWh produced (1975), 2,300 kWh per capita Exports: $88.6 million (f.o.b., 1975); fish and fish products, nonmetallic minerals Imports: $129.1 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, food products Major trade partners: (1975) Denmark 68%, Finland 7.5%, Spain 5.8% Monetary conversion rate: 1 Danish Kroner= US$0.174 (1975) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 9 major, 23 minor Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft (registered in Denmark) Airfields: 11 total, 6 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 7 seaplane stations Telecommunications: adequate domestic and international service provided by cables and radio relay; 9,000 telephones; 12,500 radiobroadcast receivers; 5 AM, 2 FM, and 3 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, included with Denmark Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 UERTO O R ICO Atlantic Ocean LAND 344 km2 (Grenada and southern Grenadines); 44% cultivated, 4% pastures, 12% forests, 17% unused but potentially productive, 23% built on, wasteland, other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 121 km PEOPLE Population: 96,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.5% (4-60 to 4-70) Nationality: noun-Grenadian(s); adjective- Grenadian Ethnic divisions: mainly of African-Negro descent Religion: Church of England; other Protestant sects; Roman Catholic Language: English; some French patois Literacy: unknown Labor force: 27,314 (1960); 40% agriculture, 30% unemployed or underemployed Organized labor: 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Grenada Type: independent state since February 1974, recognizes Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: St. Georges Political subdivisions: 6 parishes Legal system: based on English common law Branches: legislative branch consists of 10-member elected House of Representatives, and 13-member Senate appointed by the Governor; executive branch is cabinet led by Prime Minister Government leaders: Prime Minister Eric Matthew Gairy; U.K. Governor General Leo de Gale Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: every 5 years; most recent general election 28 February 1972 Political parties and leaders: Grenada United Labor Party (GULP), Eric Matthew Gairy; Grenada National Party (GNP), Herbert A. Blaize Voting strength (1972 election): GULP 58.7%, GNP 41.3%; Legislative Council seats, GULP 14, GNP1 Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM, IMF, OAS, SELA, U.N. ECONOMY . GNP: $38 million (in current prices, 1974), $380 per capita; real growth rate 1974, -15% Agriculture: main crops-spices, cocoa, bananas Fishing: 1,800 metric tons (1972) Electric power: 7,000 kW capacity (1975); 25 million kWh produced (1975), 270 kWh per capita Exports: $12 million (f.o.b., 1975); nutmeg, cocoa beans, bananas, mace Imports: $24 million (c.i.f., 1975); food, machinery, building materials Major trade partners: exports-33% U.K., 19% West Germany, 13% Netherlands; imports-27% West Indies, 27% U.K., 9% U.S. Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dollars=US$1 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 980 km; 600 km paved, 180 km otherwise improved; 200 km unimproved Ports: 1 major (St. Georges), 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent surface runways, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: automatic, islandwide telephone system with 5,250 telephones; VHF and UHF links to Trinidad and Carriacou; 21,000 radios and 150 TV receivers; 3 AM stations LAND 1,779 km2; 24% cropland, 9% pasture, 4% potential cropland, 16% forest, 47% wasteland, built on; area consists of two islands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 306 km PEOPLE Population: 353,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.3% (7-67 to 7-73) Nationality: noun-Guadeloupian(s); adjective- Guadeloupe Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Ethnic divisions: 90% Negro or Mulatto, less than 5% East Indian, Lebanese, Chinese,`5% Caucasian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African Language: French, creole patois Literacy: over 70% Labor force: 120,000; 25% agriculture, 25% unemployed Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Department of Guadeloupe Type: overseas department and region of France; represented by 3 deputies in the French National Assembly and 2 Senators in the Senate Capital: Basse-Terre Political subdivisions: 3 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is a court of appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique Branches: executive, Prefect appointed by Paris; legislative, popularly elected General Council of 36 members and a Regional Council composed of members of the local General Council and the locally elected deputies' and senators to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Jacques Le Cornec Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections coincide with those for the French National Assembly, normally every 5 years; last General Council election took place in March 1976; local election last held September 1973; last French presidential election in May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), Gabriel Lisette; Communist Party of Guadeloupe (PCG), Henri Bangou; Socialist Party (MSG), leader unknown; Progressive Party of Guadeloupe (PPG), Henri Rodes; Independent Republicans; Federation of the Left Voting strength: MSG, 1 seat in French National Assembly; UDG, 2 seats; (1973 election) Communists: 3,000 est. Other political or pressure groups: Group of National Organization of Guadeloupe (GONG) Member of: WFTU ECONOMY GDP: $302 million (1971), $880 per capita; real growth rate (1971) 5.9% Agriculture: main crops, sugarcane and bananas Major industries: agricultural processing, sugar milling and rum distillation Electric power: 33,000 kW capacity (1975); 130 million kWh produced (1975), 380 kWh per capita Exports: $78 million (f.o.b., 1975); sugar, bananas, rum Imports: $292 million (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs, clothing and other consumer goods, raw materials and supplies, and petroleum Major trade partners: exports-71% France, 17% U.S., 7% Germany, 5% other; imports-70% France, 9% U.S., 3% Germany, 3% Netherlands Antilles, 3% Netherlands, 12% other (1968) Monetary conversion rate: 4.44 French francs= US$1 (1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: privately owned, narrow-gage planta- tion lines Highways: 2,030 km; 1,500 km paved, 530 km gravel and earth Ports: 1 major (Pointe-a-Pitre), 3 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 8 total, 8 usable, 8 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: domestic facilities inade- quate; 24,600 telephones; inter-island VHF radio links; 2 AM and 3 TV transmitters; about 32,000 radio and 14,700 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, included with France LAND 108,880 km2; 14% cultivated, 10% pasture, 57% forest, 19% other Land boundaries: 1,625 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 400 km PEOPLE Population: 6,099,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-72 to 7-73) Nationality: noun-Guatemalan(s); adjective- Guatemalan Ethnic divisions: 41.4% Indian, 58.6% Ladino (mestizo and westernized Indian) Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: Spanish, but over 40% of the population speaks an Indian language as a primary tongue Literacy: about 30% Labor force (1974): 1.8 million; 52:5% agriculture, 10.1% manufacturing, 21.7% services, 7.9% commerce, 3.9% construction, 2.1% transport, 0.7% mining, 1.2% electrical, 0.8% other. Unemployment estimates vary from 3% to 25% Organized labor: 6.4% of labor force (1975) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guatemala Type: republic Capital: Guatemala Political subdivisions: 22 departments Legal system: civil law system; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of San Carlos of Guatemala; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: traditionally dominant executive; elected unicameral legislature; 7-member (minimum) Supreme Court Government leader: President Kjell Laugerud Suffrage: universal over age 18, compulsory for literates, optional for illiterates. Elections: next elections (President and Congress) 1978; President cannot succeed himself Political parties and leaders: Democratic Institutional Party (PID), Donaldo Alvarez Ruiz; Revolutionary Party (PR), Jorge Garcia-Granados Quinonez (secretary general); National Liberation Movement (MLN), Mario Sandoval Alarcon; Guatemalan Christian Democratic Party (DCG), Vinicio Cerezo Arevalo (sec. gen.) Voting strength: for President-M LN-PID 298,953 (44.6%), DCG 228,067 (34.0%), PR 143,111 (21.4%); for congressional seats-MLN-PID 36, DCG 15, PR 10 Communists: Communist party outlawed; under- ground membership estimated at 750 Other political or pressure groups: outlawed (Communist) Guatemalan Labor Party (PGT) Eleuterio Cabrera Mejia (provisional secretary general) Member of: CACM, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $3,676 million (1975), $630 per capita; 82% private consumption, 6% government consumption, 15% domestic investment, -3% net foreign balance (1974); average annual real growth rate (1971-75), 6.1% Agriculture: main products-coffee, cotton, corn, beans, sugarcane, bananas, livestock; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1967) Fishing: catch 5,000 metric tons (1974); exports $2.6 million (1973), imports $0.7 million (1973) Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, furniture, chemicals, nonmetallic minerals, metals Electric power: 225,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.1 billion kWh produced (1975), 180 kWh per capita Exports: $650 million (f.o,b., 1975 est.); coffee, cotton, sugar, bananas, meat Imports: $720 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); manufacured products, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, fuels Major trade partners: exports (1974)-34% U.S., 28% CACM,.11% West Germany, 5% Japan; imports (1974)-31% U.S., 17% CACM, 12% Venezuela, 9% Japan, 8% West Germany Aid: economic-from U.S. (FY46-75), $108 million loans, $203 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $246 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $12:3 million; military- assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $39 million Central government budget (1975): budgeted expenditures $370 million Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Monetary conversion rate: 1 quetzal=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 947 km, 0.914-meter gage, single- tracked; 832 km government-owned, 115 km privately owned Highways: 12,400 km, 2,650 km bituminous, 6,300 km gravel, 3,450 km improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: 260 km navigable year-round; additional 730 km navigable during high-water season Pipelines: crude oil, 48 km Ports: 2 major (Puerto Barrios, Santo Tomas de Castilla), 3 minor Airfields: 337 total, 337 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 17 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft plus 3 withdrawn from use Telecommunications: modern telecom facilities limited to Guatemala City; 57,400 telephones; 360,000 radio and 110,000 TV receivers; 97 AM, 20 FM, and 5 TV stations; connection into Central American microwave net DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,457,000; 948,000 fit for military service; about'65,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $34.0 million; 6.77% of central government budget LAND 246,050 km2; 3% cropland, 10% forest Land boundaries: 3,476 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 130 nm Coastline: 346 km PEOPLE Population: 4,584,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Guinean(s); adjective- Guinean Ethnic divisions: 99% African (3 major tribes- Fulani, Malinke, Susu; and 15 smaller tribes) Religion: 75% Muslim, 25% animist, Christian, less than 1 % Language: French official; each tribe has own language Literacy: 5% to 10%; French only significant written language . Labor force: 1.8 million, of whom less than 10% are wage earners; most of population engages in subsistence agriculture Organized labor: virtually 100% of wage labor force loosely affiliated with the National Confedera- tion of Guinean Workers, which is closely tied to the PDG GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guinea Type: republic; under one-party presidential regime Capital: Conakry Political subdivisions: 29 administrative regions, 209 arrondissements, about 8,000 local entities at village level Legal system: based on French civil law system, customary law, and presidential decree; constitution adopted 1958; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive branch dominant, with power concentrated in President's hands and a small group who are both ministers and members of the party's politburo; unicameral National Assembly and judiciary have little independence Government leader: President Ahmed Sekou Toure, who has been designated "The Supreme Leader of the Revolution" Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: approximate schedule-5 years par- liamentary, latest in 1975; 7 years presidential, latest in 1975 Political parties and leaders: only party is Democratic Party of Guinea (PDG), headed by Sekou Toure Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Communists: no Communist party, although there are some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about $729 million (1975 est), $170 per capita Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, bananas, palm products, peanuts, and pineapples; staple food crops-cassava, rice, millet, corn, sweet potatoes; livestock raised in some areas Major industries: alumina, light manufacturing and processing industries, bauxite mining Electric power: 100,000 kW capacity (1975); 400 million kWh produced (1975), 90 kWh per capita Exports: $190 million (f.o.b., 1975); alumina, bauxite, coffee, pineapples, bananas, palm kernels Imports: $187 million (c.i.f., 1975); petroleum products, metals, machinery and transport equip- ment, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: Communist countries, Western Europe (including France), U.S. Budget: (FY75) current revenue $180 million, current expenditures $154 million Monetary conversion rate: 20.33 syli=US$1 (February 1976) Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 805 km meter gage (1.00 m), 8 km standard gage Highways: 7,604 km; 4,949 km paved, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,795 km; 500 km navigable by small oceangoing vessels, 1,295 km navigable by shallow-draft steamers and barges Ports:,1 major (Conakry), 3 minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 17 total, 17 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane landing areas Telecommunications: inadequate system of open- wire lines, small radiocommunication stations, and 1 radio-relay link; principal center Conakry, secondary center Kankan; 8,300 telephones; 110,000 radio receivers; 1 AM station, no FM, and no TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 958,000; 485,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1970 (latest information available), $6,073,000; 8.0% of central government budget January 1977 GUINEA-BISSAU (formerly Portuguese Guinea) LAND 36,260 km2 (includes Bijagos archipelago) Land boundaries: 740 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 150 nm Coastline: 274 km PEOPLE Population: 518,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.8% (current) Nationality: noun-Guinean(s); adjective- Guinean Ethnic divisions: about 99% African (Balanta 30%, Fulani 20%, Mandyako 14%, Malinke 13%, and 23% other tribes); less than 1% European and mulatto Religion: 66% animist, 30% Muslim, 4% Christian Language: Portuguese. and numerous African languages Literacy: 3% to 5% Labor force: bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Guinea-Bissau Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in September 1974; constitution promul- gated 1974 Capital: Bissau Political subdivisions: 9 municipalities, 3 circumscriptions (predominantly indigenous popula- tion) Legal system: to be determined Branches: National Popular Assembly to be elected for three-year term; Council of State Commissars, 16 members; the official party is the supreme political institution. Government leaders: President of Council of State and Chief of State is Luis Cabral; Principal Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Commissar and Head of Government, Francisco Mendes; Secretary General of the Official party, Aristides Pereira Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: none held to date Political parties and leaders: Partido Africano da Independencia da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), led by Aristide Pereira, only legal party; Front de Lutte pour l'Independence Nationale de la Guinea (FLING), a largely dormant, loose coalition of nationalist elements opposed the PAIGC, leadership fragmented Communists: none known Member of: OAU, U.N., UPU ECONOMY GDP: $112 million (est. 1975), $240 per capita Agriculture: main crops-palm oil, root crops, rice, coconuts, peanuts Electric power: 11,000 kW capacity (1975); 17 million kWh produced (1975), 30 kWh per capita Exports: $3.6 million (f.o.b., 1969); principally peanuts, coconuts Imports: $23.3 million (c.i.f., 1969); manufactured goods, fuels, transport equipment, rice Major trade partners: mostly Portugal, also immediate neighbors Aid: Portugal, small amounts Monetary conversion rate: using Portuguese currency; 31.39 escudos=US$1 (July 1976) Fiscal year: probably is the calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: approx. 3,218 km (418 km bituminous, remainder earth) Inland waterways: 1,600 km Ports: 1 major (Bissau), 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 60 total, 60 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: limited system of open-wire lines and radiocommunication stations; 2,700 telephones; 10,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES: Military manpower: males 15-49, 119,000; 68,000 fit for military service LAND 214,970 km2; 1% cropland, 3% pasture, 8% savanna, 66% forested, 22% water, urban, and waste Land boundaries: 2,575 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 459 km PEOPLE Population: 818,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Guyanese (sing., pl.); adjec- tive-Guyanese Ethnic divisions: 51% East Indians, 43% Negro and Negro mixed, 4% Amerindian, 2% white and Chinese . Religion: 57% Christian; 33% Hindu, 9% Muslim, 1 % other Language: English Literacy: 86% Labor force: 201,000; about 25% agriculture, 14% manufacturing, 16% services, 11% commerce, 3% mining and quarrying, 10% other; 21% unemployed Organized labor: 34% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Cooperative Republic of Guyana Type: republic within Commonwealth Capital: Georgetown Political subdivisions: 9 administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law with certain admixtures of Roman-Dutch law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Council of Ministers presided over by Prime Minister; 53-member unicameral legislative National Assembly (elected); Supreme Court Government leader: Prime Minister L.F.S. Burnham Suffrage: universal over age 18 as of constitutional amendment August 1973 Elections: last held in July 1973; next election must be called within 5 years Political parties and leaders: People's National Congress (PNC), L.F.S. Burnham; People's Progres- sive Party (PPP), Cheddi Jagan; United Force (UF), Feilden Singh Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Voting strength (1973 election): 70.2% PNO, 26.2% PPP, 3.6% other Communists: est. 100 hard-core within PPP; top echelons of PPP and PYO (Progressive Youth Organization, militant wing of the PPP) include many Communists, but rank and file is conservative and non-Communist Other political or pressure groups: Guyana National Liberation Front (GNLF), People's Democratic Movement (PDM), African Society for Cultural Relations with Independent Africa (ASCRIA), Afro-Asian-American Association (AAAA) Member of: CARICOM, FAO, GATT, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, OAS (observer), SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $471 million (1975), $580 per capita; real growth rate 1975, 5% est. Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, rice, other food crops; food shortages-wheat flour, potatoes, processed meat, dairy products; caloric intake, 2,180 calories per day per capita (1967) Fishing: exported 5,100 metric tons valued at $4 million in 1974 Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina production, sugar and rice milling, timber Electric power: 175,000 kW capacity (1975); 370 million kWh produced (1975), 515 kWh per capita "Exports: $362 million (f.o.b., 1975); bauxite, sugar, alumina, rice, shrimp, molasses, timber, diamonds, rum - Imports: $351 million (c.i.f., 1975); manufactures, machinery, food, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-29% U.K., 24% U.S., 14% CARICOM, 3% Canada; imports-29% U.S., 22% U. K., 21% CARICOM, 4% Canada (1975) Aid: economic-authorizations from U.S. (FY53- 75), $63 million in loans, $26 million in grants; commitments from Communist countries-China (1972-75), $36 million in loans, and East Germany (1974), $10 million in loans; from international organizations (FY46-75), $68 million Monetary conversion rate: since October 1975 floating with US dollar, 1 US$=G$2.55 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 165 km, all single track; 107 km 0.914- meter gage, 29 km 1.065-meter gage Highways: 3,500 km; 800 km paved, 1,550 km otherwise improved, 1,150 km unimproved Inland waterways: 5,900 km; Demerara River navigable to Mackenzie by ocean steamers, others by ferryboats, small craft only - Ports: 1 major (Georgetown), 3 minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 96 total, 88 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed telecom system with radio relay network and over 21,300 telephones; tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; 280,000 radio receivers, 3 AM and 1 FM stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 188,000; 143,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $13.4 million; 4.9% of central government budget JAMAICA CUBA 'on-au- Prince Caribbean Sea Atlantic Ocean DOMINICAN ,REPUBLIC PUERTO ORICD LAND 27,713 km2; 31% cultivated, 18% rough pastures, 7% forested, 44% unproductive 'Land boundary: 361 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 15 nm) Coastline: 1,771 km PEOPLE Population: 4,682,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.6% (8-70 to 8-75) Nationality: noun-Haitian(s); adjective-Haitian Ethnic divisions: over 90% Negro, nearly 10% mulatto, few whites Religion: 10% Protestant, 75% to 80% Roman Catholic (of which an overwhelming majority also practice Voodoo) Language: French (official) spoken by only 10% of population; all speak Creole Literacy: 10% to 12% - . Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Labor force: 2.6 million (est. January 1968); 86% agriculture, 12% industry, 2% unemployed; shortage of skilled labor; unskilled labor abundant Organized labor: less than 1% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Haiti Type: republic under the 14-year dictatorship of Francois Duvalier who was succeeded upon his death on 21 April,1971 by his son, Jean-Claude Capital: Port-au-Prince Political subdivisions: 5 departments (despite constitutional provision for 9) Legal system: based on Roman civil law system;,, constitution adopted 1964 and amended 1971; legal education at State University in Port-au-Prince and private law colleges in Cap-Haitien, Les Cayes, Gonaives, and Jeremie; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: lifetime President, unicameral 58- member legislature of very limited powers, judiciary appointed by President Government leader: President-for-life Jean-Claude Duvalier Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: constitution as amended in 1971 provides for lifetime president to be designated by his predecessor and ratified by electorate in plebiscite; legislative elections, which are held every 6 years, last held February 1973 Political parties: National Unity Party, only legal party; United Haitian Communist Party (PUCH), illegal (Communist) Voting strength (1987 legislative elections): 100% National Unity Party (Duvalier) Communists: strength unknown; party leaders believed in exile Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $816 million (FY74), $160 per capita; real growth rate 1974, 3.5% Agriculture: main crops-coffee, sugarcane, rice, corn, sorghum, pulses; caloric intake, 1,850 calories per day per capita Major industries: sugar refining, textiles, flour milling, cement manufacturing, bauxite mining, tourism, light assembly industries Electric power: 70,000 kW capacity (1975); 135 million kWh produced (1975), 28 kWh per capita Exports: $74 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); coffee, light industrial products, bauxite, sugar, essential oils, sisal Imports: $121 million (c.i.f., 1975 est.); consumer durables, foodstuffs, industrial equipment, petroleum products, construction materials Major trade partners: exports-60% U.S.; imports-40% U.S. (FY73) Aid: economic authorizations-from U.S. (FY46- 75), $46 million loans, $109 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $102 million; military authorizations-from U.S. (FY46-75), $4 million in grants Monetary conversion rate: 5 gourdes=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 80 km narrow gage (0.760 m), single- track, privately owned industrial line; 8 km dual-gage 0.760- to 1.065-meter gage, government line, dismantled Highways: 3,200 km; 600 km paved, 950 km otherwise improved, 1,650 km unimproved Inland waterways: negligible; about 100. km navigable Ports: 2 major (Port-au-Prince, Cap Haitian), 12 minor Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 16 total, 15 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 5 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft.; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: all domestic facilities inadequate, international facilities slightly better; telephone expansion program underway; 11,000 telephones, 300,000 radio and 13,800 TV receivers, 32 AM, 5 FM, and 1 TV station; COMSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,162,000; 617,000 fit for military service; about 52,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1976, $10.9 million; about 13.6% of operational budget HONDURAS LAND 112,150 km2; 27% forested, 30% pasture, 36% waste and built-up, 7% cropland Land boundaries: 1,530 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 820 km PEOPLE Population: 2,872,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (7-74 to 7-75) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 P AMA Nationality: noun-Honduran(s); adjective- Honduran Ethnic divisions: 90% mestizo, 7% Indian, 2% Negro, and 1% white Religion: about 97% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 57.4% of persons 10 years of age and over (est. 1970) Labor force: approx. 900,000 (est. mid-1972); 66% agriculture, 12% services, 8% manufacturing, 5% commerce, 6% unemployed, 3% unspecified Organized labor: 7% to 10% of labor force (mid- 1972) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Honduras Type: republic Capital: Tegucigalpa Political subdivisions: 18 departments Legal system: based on Roman and Spanish civil law; some influence of English common law; constitution adopted 1965; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; legal education at University of Honduras in Tegucigalpa; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: constitution provides for elected President, unicameral legislature, and national judicial branch Government leader: Juan Alberto Melgar Castro Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: government leaders have indicated an intention to hold elections in 1979 Political parties and leaders: all parties, even legal ones, are dormant at present; Liberal Party (PLH), Modesto Rodas Alvarado, Carlos Roberto Reina Idiaguez, Jorge Bueso Arias; National Party (PNH), Alejandro Lopez Cantarero, Ricardo Zuniga Augustinus; Mario Rivera Lopez, Martin Aquero; Popular Progressive Party (PPP) (uninscribed), Gonzalo Carias Castillo; National Innovation and Unity Party (PINU) (uninscribed), Miguel Andonie Fernandez; Workers Party of Honduras (PTH) (Communist) (uninscribed), Rogue Ochoa; Com- munist Party of Honduras/Soviet (PCH/S-outlawed), Dionisio Ramos Bejarano; Communist Party of Honduras/China (PCH/C-outlawed), Agapito Robledo Castro Voting strength (1971 elections): National Party (PNH) 306,028; Liberal Party (PLH) 276,777 Communists: about 650; 500 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: National Association of Honduran Campesinos (ANACH); Council of Honduran Private Enterprise (COHEP); Confederation of Honduran Workers (CTH) Member of: CACM, FAO, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, OAS, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,030 million (1975), $370 per capita; 79% private consumption, 10% government consumption, 22% domestic investment; -11 % net foreign balance (1975); real growth rate, average 1971-75, 2.6% Agriculture: main crops-bananas, coffee, corn, beans, cotton, sugarcane, tobacco; caloric intake, 2,200 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: exports $4.3 million (1972); imports $0.5 million (1972) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles, clothing, wood products Electric power: 167,000 kW capacity (1975); 420 million kWh produced (1975), 155 kWh per capita Exports: $300 million (f.o.b., 1975); bananas, lumber, coffee, meat, petroleum products Imports: $410 million (c.i.f., 1975); manufactured products, machinery, transportation equipment, chemicals, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-51% U.S., 12% CACM, 11% West germany; imports-42% U.S., 16% Venezuela, 13% CACM, 7% Japan, 3% West Germany (1975) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $107 million loans, $87 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-73), $291 million; from other Western countries (1960-73), $7.0 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $16 million Budget (1976): expenditures, $240 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 lempiras = US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 574 km; 325 km 1.067-meter gage, 249 km 0.914-meter gage Highways: 8,700 km; 1,150 km bituminous surfaced, 2,500 km gravel surfaced or improved earth, 5,050 km unimproved earth Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Inland waterways: 1,200 km navigable by small craft Ports: 3 major (Puerto Cortes, La Ceiba, Tela), 9 minor Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft Airfields: 240 total, 21 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: improved, but still inade- quate; connection into Central American microwave net; 16,000 telephones; 300,000 radio and 50,000 TV receivers; 97 AM, 12 FM, and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 666,000; 392,000 fit for military service; about 27,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $22.3 million; about 8.6% of central government budget (includes the armed forces and other military) VIETNAM -HONG =% KONG LAND 1,036 km2; 14% arable, 10% forested, 76% other (mainly grass, shrub, steep hill country) Land boundaries: 24 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 733 km PEOPLE Population: 4,497,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.0% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: adjective-Hong Kong Ethnic divisions: 98% Chinese, 2% other Religion: 10% Christian, 90% eclectic mixture of local religions Language: Chinese, English Literacy: 75% Labor force (1971 est.): 1.58 million; 43% manufacturing, 20% services, 11% construction, mining, quarrying and utilities, 13% commerce, 4% agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and hunting, 7% communications, 2% other; underemployment is a serious problem Organized labor: 12% of 1969 labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Hong Kong Type: U.K. crown colony Capital: Victoria Political subdivisions: Hong Kong, Kowloon, and New Territories Legal system: English common law Branches: Governor assisted by advisory Executive Council; he legislates with advice and consent of Legislative Council; Urban Council which alone includes elected representatives, responsible for health, recreation, and resettlement; independent judiciary Government leader:' C. M. MacLehose, Governor and Commander in Chief Suffrage: limited to 200,000 to 300,000 professional or skilled persons Elections: every 2 years to select one-half of elected membership of Urban Council; other Urban Council members appointed by the Governor Political parties: Civic Association; Reform Club; Socialist Democratic Party; Hong Kong Labour Party Voting strength: (elected Urban Council members) Civic Association 4, Reform Club 3, and 1 independent Communists: an estimated 2,000 hard core cadres affiliated with Communist Party of China Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Trade Unions (Communist controlled), Hong Kong and Kowloon Trade Union Council (Nationalist Chinese dominated), Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, Chinese General Chamber of Commerce (Communist controlled), Federation of Hong Kong Industries, Chinese Manufacturers' Association of Hong Kong Member of: ADB, WCL ECONOMY GDP: 6.8 billion (1975, in 1975 prices), $1,570 per capita (est.); average real growth 4.8% (1970-75) Agriculture: agriculture occupies a minor position in the economy; main products-rice, vegetables, dairy products; less than 20% self-sufficient; food shortages-rice, wheat Major industries: textiles and clothing, tourism, plastics, electronics, light metal products, food processing Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Shortages: industrial raw materials, water, food Electric power: 2,600,000 kW capacity (1975); 7.3 billion kWh produced (1975), 1,600 kWh per capita Exports: $6.0 billion (f.o.b., 1975), including $1.4 billion reexports; principal products clothing, plastic articles, textiles, electrical goods, wigs, footwear, light metal manufactures Imports: $6.8 billion (c.i.f., 1975) Major trade partners: (1975) exports-25% U.S., 9% U.K., 9% West Germany; imports-21% Japan, 20% China, 12% U.S. Budget: (76/77) $1.44 billion Monetary conversion rate: HK$4.884=US$1 (September 1976) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 35 km standard gage (1.435 m); government owned Highways: 966 km; 660 km paved, 306 km gravel and crushed stone, or earth Ports: 1 major Civil air: 18 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 8,000-11,999 ft., 1 with runway 4,000-7,999 ft.; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern facilities provide domestic and international services; excellent broadcast coverage provided by wired and radio broadcast stations; closed-circuit TV and TV broadcast facilities; 988,545 telephones; 2.5 million radio receivers; 100,000 wired-speakers; 2 FM, 2 AM stations; wired-broadcast network; 2 TV stations, 2 closed-circuit TV networks; 2 international com- munications satellite ground stations; coaxial cable link to Canton; 5 submarine cables; submarine cable planned to Taiwan and Philippines DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,164,000; 906,000 fit for military service; about 53,000 reach military age (18) annually Defense is the responsibility of U.K. LAND 92,981 km2; 60%, arable, 14% other agricultural, 16% forested, 10% other Land boundaries: 2,245 km PEOPLE Population: 10,634,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Hungarian(s); adjective- Hungarian Ethnic divisions: 93.3% Magyar, 2.5% German, 2.4% Gypsy, 0.7% Jews, 1.1% other Religion: 67.5% Roman Catholic, 20.0% Calvinist, 5.0% Lutheran, 7.5% atheist and other Language: 98.2% Magyar, 1.8% other Literacy: 97% Labor force: 5,085,500 (1 January 1976); 23% agriculture, 44% industry and building, 16% trade and transport, 17% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hungarian Peoples Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Budapest Political subdivisions: 19 megyes (counties), 5 autonomous cities in county status, 97 jaras (districts) Legal system: based on Communist legal theory, with both civil law system (civil code of 1960) and common law elements; constitution adopted 1949 amended 1972; Supreme Court renders decisions of principle that sometimes have the effect of declaring legislative acts unconstitutional; legal education at Lorand Eotvos Tudomanyegyetem School of Law in Budapest and 2 other schools of law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive-Presidential Council (elected by Parliament); legislative-Parliament (elected by direct suffrage); judicial-Supreme Court (elected by Parliament) Government leaders: Gyorgy Lazar, Chairman, Council of Ministers; Pal Losonczi, President, Presidential Council Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; national and local elections are held separately Political parties and leaders: Hungarian Socialist (Communist) Workers Party (sole party); Janos Kadai is First Secretary of Central Committee Voting strength (1975 election): 7,497,061 (99.6%) for Communist-approved candidates; 30,108 (0.4%) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 HUNGARY/ICELAND invalid and negative votes; total eligible electorate about 7.76 million; next elections will be held in 1980 Communists: about 754,000 party members (March 1975) Member of: CEMA, Danube Commission, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $27.8 billion in 1975 (at 1975 prices), $2,640 per capita;. 1975 growth rate, 3.7% Agriculture: normally self-sufficient; main crops- corn, wheat, potatoes, sugar beets, wine grapes; caloric intake 3,140 calories per day per capita (1970) Major industries: mining, metallurgy, engineering industries, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals) Shortages: metallic ores (except bauxite), copper, high grade coal, forest products, crude oil Crude steel: 3.67 million metric tons produced (1975), 350 kg per capita .Electric power: 4,500,000 kW capacity (1975); 20.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 1,935 kWh per capita Exports: $6,066 million (f.o.b., 1975); 31% machinery, 19% industrial consumer goods, 25% raw materials and semimanufactures, 23% food and raw materials for the food industry, energy sources 2% (distribution for 1975) Imports: $7;156 million (1975); 22% machinery, 8% industrial consumer goods, 49% raw materials and semimanufactures; 9% food and raw materials for the food industry, energy sources 12% (distribution for 1975) Major trade partners: $13,221 million (1975); 69% with Communist countries, 31% with non-Commu- nist countries Aid: U.S.S.R.-$338 million extended (1956-66), $10 million extended in 1967, $167 million extended in 1968; to less developed non-Communist coun- tries-$666.3 million (1954-75) Monetary conversion rate: 41.30 forints=US$1 (commercial); 20.65 forints=US$1 (noncommercial) as of January 1976 Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years NOTE: foreign trade figures were converted at the 1975 rate of 8.60 forints=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 8,392 km; 7,879. km standard gage (1.435 m), 478 km narrow gage (mostly 0.747 m), 35 km broad gage (1.524 m), 1,159 km. double track, 1,303 km electrified; government owned (1975) Highways: 30,000 km; 350 km concrete, 21,450 km bituminous, 250 km stone block, 7,000 km gravel, 950 km earth (1975) Inland waterways: 1,687 km (1976) Pipelines: crude oil, 1,287 km; refined products, 290 km; natural gas, 2,896 km Freight carried: rail-132.1 million metric tons, 23.5 billion metric ton/km (1975); 'highway-479.4 million metric tons, 8.1 billion metric ton/km (1975); waterway-est. 14.2 million metric tons, 8.3 billion metric ton/km incl. intl. transit traffic (1975) River ports: 2 principal (Budapest, Dunaujvaros); no maritime ports; outlets are Rostock, GDR, and Gdansk, Gdynia, and Szczecin in Poland DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,656,000; 2,141,000 fit for military service; about 74,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, 12.3 billion forints; about 4% of total budget ICELAND LAND 102,952 km2; arable negligible, 22% meadows and pastures, forested negligible, 78% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm (fishing, 200 nm, effective 15 October 1975) Coastline: 4,988 km PEOPLE Population: 221,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.9% (12-74.to 12-75) Nationality: noun-Icelander(s); adjective- Icelandic Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population Religion: 95% Evangelical Lutheran, 3% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 2% no affiliation Language: Icelandic Literacy: 99% Labor force: 85,000; 22.6% agriculture and fishing; 25.6% mining and manufacturing; 10.7% construction; 12.8% commerce; 7,8% transportation and communications; 15.2% services; and 5.7% other; unemployment 0.6% Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Iceland Type: republic Capital: Reykjavik Political subdivisions: 23. rural districts, 215 parishes, 14 incorporated towns Legal system: civil law system based on Danish law; constitution adopted 1944; legal education at University of Iceland; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with President and parliament (Althing); executive power vested in President but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court and 29 lower courts Government leaders: President Kristian Eldjarn; Prime Minister Geir Hallgrimsson Suffrage: universal, over age 20; not compulsory Elections: parliamentary, every 4 years (next in (1978); presidential, every 4 years (next in 1976) Political parties and leaders: Independence (conservative), Geir Hallgrimsson; Progressive, Olafur Johannesson; Social Democratic, Benedikt Grondal; People's Alliance (Communist front), Ragnar Arnalds; Organization of Liberals and Leftists, Magnus Torfi Olafsson Voting strength (1974 election): 42.7% Independ- ence, 24.9% Progressive, 9.1% Social Democratic, 18.3% People's Alliance, organization of leftists and liberals 4.6% Communists: est. 2,200; a number of sympathizers, as indicated by 20,922 votes cast for People's Alliance in 1974 election Member of: Council of Europe, EC (free trade agreement pending resolution of fishing limits issue), EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFG IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $1,204 million (1975), $5,470 per capita; 60% consumption, 33% investment, 11% government, -2.3% net foreign balance (1975); 1975 growth rate -3.5%, constant prices Agriculture: cattle, sheep, dairying, hay, potatoes, turnips; food shortages-grains, sugar, vegetable and other fibers; caloric intake, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1964-66) Fishing: catch 938,486 metric tons; exports $246 million (1974) Major industries: fish processing, aluminum smelting, diatomite production, hydro-electricity Shortages: grain, fuel, wood, minerals, vegetable fibers Electric power: 494,800 kW capacity (1975); 2.4 billion kWh produced (1975), 10,900 kWh per capita Exports: $309 million (f.o.b., 1975); fish and fish products, animal products, aluminum, diatomite Imports: $488 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum, foodstuffs, textiles Major trade partners: (1975) exports-U.S. 29%, EC 25%, U.S.S.R. 11%; imports-EC 45%, U.S. 9%, U.S.S.R. 10% Aid: economic-U.S. authorized (1949-73) $90.2 million, $1.2 million in FY72, $0.9 million in FY73; IBRD $30 million through September 1973 Budget: (1975) expenditures $315 million, revenues $292 million Monetary conversion rate: 153.7 kronur=US$1 (1975); 100.0 kronur=US$1 (1974) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 11,048 km; 7,896 km crushed stone (including lava) and gravel, 3,008 km unsurfaced roads and motorable tracks, 144 km concrete or paved Ports: 4 major (Akureyri, Hafnarfjordhur, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur), and about 50 minor Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft registered Airfields: 122 total, 100 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: adequate domestic service, wire and radio communication system; 93,400 telephones; 80,000 radio and 55,000 TV receivers; 17 AM, 14 FM, and 80 TV stations; 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 53,000; 48,000 fit for military service (Iceland has no conscription or compulsory military service) LAND 3,136,500 km2 (includes Indian part of Jammu- Kashmir, Sikkim, Goa, Damao and Diu); 50% arable, 5% permanent meadows and pastures, 20% desert, waste, or urban, 22% forested, 3% inland water . Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 . Land boundaries: 12,700 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing, 12 nm; additional 100 nm is fisheries conservation zone, December 1968; archipelago concept baselines) Coastline: 7,000 km (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 634,993,000, including Sikkim and the Indian-held part of disputed Jammu-Kashmir (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Indian(s); adjective-Indian Ethnic divisions: 72% Indo-Aryan, 25% Dravidian, 3% Mongoloid and other Religion: 83.5% Hindu, 10.7% Muslim, 1.8% Sikh, 2.6% Christian, 0.7% Buddhist, 0.7% other Language: 24 languages spoken by a million or more persons each; numerous other languages and dialects, for the most part mutually unintelligible; Hindi is the national language and primary tongue of 30% of the people; English enjoys "associate" status but is the most important language for national, political, and commercial communication; Hindu- stani, a popular variant of Hindi/Urdu, is spoken widely throughout northern India Literacy: males 39%; females 18%; both sexes 29% (1971 census) Labor force: about 197 million; 70% agriculture, more than 10% unemployed and underemployed; shortage of skilled labor is significant and unemployment is rising Organized labor: about 2.5% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of India Type: federal republic Capital: New Delhi Political subdivisions: 22 states, 9 union territories Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1950; limited judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: parliamentary government, national and state; relatively independent judiciary Government leader: Prime Minister Indira Gandhi Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: national and state elections ordinarily held every 5 years; may be postponed in emergency and may be held more frequently if government loses confidence vote; posponed general election due in March 1977 but may be further delayed because of a national emergency declared on June 26, 1975; most states due to hold state elections in 1977 Political parties and leaders: Indian National Congress split into two factions in 1969, largest faction (the Ruling Congress) loyal to Prime Minister Gandhi led by D. K. Barooah, and dwindling faction (the Organization Congress) led by Ashoka Mehta; Communist Party of India (CPI), S. A. Dange, chairman; Communist Party of India/Marxist (CPI/M), P. Sundarayya, general secretary; Communist Party of India/Marxist-Leninist (CPI/ ML); Bharatiya Jana Sangh, U. L. Patil, acting president; the Socialist Party, George Fernandes, chairman; Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK), N. Karunanidhi, president; Bharatiya Lok Dal (BLD), Charan Singh, chairman Voting strength (1971 election): 43.7% Ruling Congress, 10.5% Organization Congress, 7.4% Bharatiya Jana Sangh, 3.1% Swatantra, 4.8% CPI, 5.2% CPI/M, 3.5% Socialist Parties, 3.7% DMK, 18.1% other Communists: 90,000 members of CPI (est.), 85,000 members of CPI/M (est.); Communist sympathizers, 13 million Other political or pressure groups: Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (ADMK), M. G. Rama- chandran, president, opposing DMK in Tamil Nadu; splintered Akali Dal representing Sikh religious community in the Punjab; various separatist groups seeking reorganization of states; numerous "senas" or militant/chauvinistic organizations, including Shiv Sena and Dalit Panthers in Bombay, the Anand Marg, and the Rashtriya Swayamserak Sangh Member of: ADB, AIOEC, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N., UNES- CO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $85 billion.(FY76, in 1975 prices), $140 per capita; real growth 2.2% (FY70-76), 5% in FY76 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Agriculture: main crops-rice, other cereals, pulses, oilseeds, cotton, jute, sugarcane, tobacco, tea, and coffee; must import foodgrains; caloric intake is low and diet is deficient in protein Fishing: catch 2.4 million metric tons (FY75); exports $85 million (FY73), imports $2 million Major industries: textiles, food processing, steel, machinery, transportation equipment, cement, jute manufactures Crude steel: 7.2 million metric tons produced (FY75) Electric power: 21,360,000 kW capacity (1975); 82.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 137 kWh per capita Exports: $4.5 billion (f.o.b., FY76); tea, jute manufactures, iron ore, cotton textiles, leather and leather products, sugar Imports: $6.1 billion (c.i.f., FY76); machinery and transport equipment, petroleum, iron and steel, grains and flour, fertilizers Major trade partners: U.S., U.K., U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe, Japan, Iran Budget: (FY77) revenue expenditures $8.5 billion, capital expenditures $5.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: 9.0' rupees=US$1 (August 1976) Fiscal year: fiscal year ends 31 March of stated year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 61,313 km; 25,550 km meter gage (1.00 m), 30,041 km broad gage (1.676 m), 4,476 km narrow gage (0.762 in and 0.610 m), government owned; 46 km meter gage (1.00 m), 855 km broad gage (1.676 m), 345 km narrow gage (0.762 in and 0.610 m), privately owned; 12,304 km double track; 10,160 km electrified Highways: 1,327,000 km; 415,000 km paved, 190,442 km gravel or crushed stone, 304,895 km improved earth, 416,663 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 14,300 km; 2,575 km navigable by river steamers Pipelines: crude oil, 1,432 km; refined products, 2,020 km; natural gas, 359 km Ports: 8 major, 80 minor Civil air: 93 major transport aircraft Airfields: 370 total, 344 usable; 183 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 52 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 120 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair domestic telephone service where available, good internal microwave links; telegraph facilities widespread; AM broadcast adequate; TV limited to Bombay and New Delhi; international radio communications adequate; 1,690,000 telephones; 14,100,000 radio and 162,000 TV sets; about 165 AM stations at 80 locations, 7 TV stations, 2 earth satellite stations; submarine cables extend to Malaysia, Sri Lanka, and Aden DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 146,032,000; 85,916,000 fit for military service; about 6,800,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, $2.8 billion; 20% of central government budget LAND 1,906,240 km2; 12% small holdings and estates, 64% forests, 24% inland water, waste, urban,. and other Land boundaries: 2,736 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed):' under an archipelago theory, claim is 12 rim, measured seaward from straight baselines connecting the outermost islands Coastline: 54,716 km PEOPLE Population: 135,913,000, including Portuguese Timor and West Irian (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun"-Indonesian(s); adjective- Indonesian Ethnic divisions: 45% Javanese, 14% Sundanese, 7.5% Madurese, 7.5% Coastal Malays, 26% other Religion: 85% Muslim, 9% Christian, 2% Buddhist, 2% Hindu, 2% other Language: Indonesian (modified form of Malay) official; English, and Dutch leading foreign languages Literacy: 60% (est.); 72% in 6-16 age group Labor force: 44 million; 70% agriculture, 15% industry, 15% miscellaneous and unemployed Organized labor: 10% of labor force Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Indonesia Type: republic Capital: Jakarta Political subdivisions: 27 first-level administrative subdivisions or provinces which are further subdivided into 282 second-level areas Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; constitution of 1945 is legal basis of government; legal education at University of Indonesia, Jakarta; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive headed by President who is chief of state and head of cabinet; cabinet selected by President; unicameral legislature (Parliament), of 460 members (100 appointed, 360 elected); second and larger body (Congress) of 920 members and includes the legislature and 460 other members (chosen by several processes, but not directly elected) elects President and Vice President, and theoretically determines national policy Government leader: President Suharto (elected by Congress March 1973) Suffrage: universal over age 17 and married persons regardless of age Political parties and leaders: Golkar (quasi-official "party" based on functional groups), Amir Moertono; Indonesian Democratic Party (federation of former Nationalist and Christian parties), Mohammed Isnaeni; Unity Development Party (federation of former Islamic parties), Idham Chalid Voting strength (1971 election): Golkar 236 seats, Indonesian Democratic 30, Unity Development 94 Communists: Communist Party (PKI) was officially banned in March 1966; current strength est. at 1,000, with less than 10% engaged in organized activity; pre-October 1965 hard-core membership has been estimated at 1.5 million Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, CIPEC, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $29 billion (1975, current prices), about $220 per capita; real average annual growth (1970-75), 7.1% Agriculture: subsistence food production, and smallholder and plantation production for export; main crops-rice, rubber, copra, other tropical products; food shortage-rice, wheat Fishing: catch 1.3 million tons (1974); exports $74 million (1974), imports $2 million (1974) Major industries: processing agricultural products and petroleum, textiles, mining Electric power: 1,700,000 kW capacity (1975); 5.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 39 kWh per capita Exports: $6,800 million (f.o.b., 1975); timber, rubber, tin, copra, tea, coffee, tobacco, palm oil; petroleum, $5,100 million (405 million bbls) (1975) Imports: $5,000 million (c.i.f., 1975); rice, other foodstuffs, textiles, chemicals, iron and steel products, machinery, transport equipment, consumer durables Major trade partners: exports (1975)-32% U.S., 44% Japan, 9% Singapore; imports-18% U.S;, 41% Japan, 9% West Germany, 6% Singapore Budget: (1976-77) expenditures $8.6 billion; 46% current, 54% development expenditures; planned receipts $8.6 billion Monetary conversion rate: 415 rupiah=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 7,863 km; 7,246 km 1.067-meter gage, 525 km 0.750-meter gage, 92 km 0.600-meter gage; 211 km double track; 101 km electrified; government owned Highways: 92,473 km; 20,278 km paved, 40,555 km gravel or crushed stone, 31,640 km improved or unimproved earth Inland waterways: 21,579 km; Sumatra 5,471 km, Java and Madura 820 km, Borneo 10,460 km, Celebes 241 km, and Irian Barat 4,587 km Ports: 10 major, 63 minor Civil air: 114 major transport aircraft (includes 2 leased) Airfields: 330 total, 302 usable; 50 with permanent-surface runways; 9 with runways 2,440- 3,659 in, 64 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: extensive interisland mi- crowave system, HF police net, and domestic satellite system; international and domestic service very good; radiobroadcast coverage good; 285,000 telephones; 5 million radio and 300,000 TV sets; 150 AM, 1 FM, and 12 TV stations; 2 submarine cables to Singapore no longer in, service LAND 1,647,240 km2; 14% agricultural, 11% forested, 16% cultivable with adequate irrigation, 51% desert, waste, or urban, 8% migratory grazing and other Land boundaries: 5,318 km WATER ' Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing, 50 nm) Coastline: 3,180 km, including islands, 676 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 PEOPLE Population: 34,455,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Iranian(s); adjective-Iranian Ethnic divisions: 63% Ethnic Persians, 3% Kurds, 13% other Iranian, 18% Turkic, 3% Arab and other Semitic, 1% other Religion: 93% Shia Muslim; 5% Sunni Muslim; 2% Zoroastrians, Jews, Christians and Baha'is Language: Farsi (Persian), Turki, Kurdish, Arabic Literacy: about 37% of those 7 years of age and older (1976 est.) Labor force: 10.1 million est. 1976; 36% agriculture, 21% manufacturing; shortage of skilled labor substantial GOVERNMENT Legal name: Empire of Iran Type: constitutional monarchy, controlled by the Shah Capital: Tehran Political subdivisions: 21 provinces and 2 chief- governorates, subdivided into districts, sub-districts, counties, and villages Legal system: based largely on French law, with elements drawn from other continental systems; personal law based on Islamic practice generally with residual traces of Roman law; constitution adopted 1906 and constitutional law of 1907; High Court of Appeal may judge disputes relating to government departments acting according to law; legal education at University, of 'Teheran; has not accepted com- pulsory ICJ jurisdication Branches: executive power rests in Shah who appoints a Prime Minister; Prime Minister must be approved by lower house (Majlis); while Cabinet theoretically responsibility of Prime Minister, Shah usually exerts strong influence over its selection; bicameral legislature; Majlis has 268 members elected to 4-year terms, and Senate 60 members serving 4-year terms; half of Senate members appointed by Shah, other half elected; no provision for judicial review of constitutionality of legislative acts Government leaders: Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi and Prime Minister Amir Abas Hoveyda Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: Majlis every 4 years; Senate every 4 years; latest national elections June 1975, last district and municipal October 1976 Political parties and leaders: a single party system, designated The Resurgence Party of the People of Iran (RPPI) with Prime Minister Amir Abbas Hoveyda as Secretary-General, was formed by Shah in March 1975; all other political parties disbanded Voting strength: all candidates government approved and members of the RPPI Communists: 1,000-2,000 (hard-core, est.); sympa- thizers (15,000-20,000 est.); mostly pro-U.S.S.R. but pro-Chinese faction developing Other political or pressure groups: Tudeh Party (Communist, illegal); National Front (coalition of neutralist urban elements virtually discredited because of opposition to Shah's reform program); Confederation of Iranian Students (illegal) Member of: CENTO, Colombo Plan, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OPEC, RCD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $50 billion (1975), $1,510 per capita; recent real GNP growth, 13.8% (1970-75) Agriculture: wheat, barley, rice, sugar beets, cotton, dates, raisins, tea, tobacco, sheep, and goats Electric power: 5,000,000 kW capacity (1975); 19.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 570 kWh per capita Exports: $19.9 billion (f.o.b., 1975); 96% petroleum; also carpets, raw cotton, fruits, and nuts, hide and leather items, ores Imports: $13.3 billion (f.o.b., 1975); machinery, iron and steel products, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, electrical equipment, agricultural products Major trade partners: exports-U.S., Japan, West Germany, U.S.S.R. and other Communist countries; imports-U.S., West Germany, Japan, U. K., U.S.S.R. Budget: (FY76-77) $44.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: 70.6 rials=US$1 Fiscal year: 21 March -20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,509 km standard gage (1.435 m), 92 km 1.676-meter gage Highways: 43,442 km; 12,060 km bituminous and bituminous treated, 22,920 km gravel and crushed stone, 8,462 km improved earth Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Inland waterways: 904 km, excluding the Caspian Sea, 104 km on the Shatt al Arab Pipelines: crude oil, 2,639 km; refined products, 3,597 km; natural gas, 2,317 km Ports: 7 major, 6 minor Civil air: 35 major transport aircraft Airfields: 173 total, 162 usable; 64 with permanent-surface runways; 12 with runways over 3,660 in, 16 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 63 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: most advanced system in the Middle East of high-capacity radio-relay links, open- wire lines, cables, and tropospheric links; principal center Tehran, secondary centers Isfahan, Meshed, and Tabriz; 805,600 telephones; 2.0 million radio and 1.7 million TV receivers; 31 AM, 1 FM, and 67 TV stations; satellite earth station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 7,910,000; 4,688,000 fit for military service; about 340,000 reach military age (21) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 20 March 1977, $10,150,310,000; 34.9% of central government budget IRAQ LAND 445,480 km2; 18% cultivated, 68% desert, waste, or urban, 10% seasonal and other grazing land, 4% forest and woodland Land boundaries: 3,668 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 58 km PEOPLE Population: 11,577,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (10-74 to 10-75)' Nationality: noun-Iraqi(s); adjective-Iraqi Ethnic divisions: 70.9% Arabs, 18.3% Kurds, 0.7% Assyrians, 2.4% Turkomans, 7.7% other Religion: 90% Muslim, 8% Christian, 2% other Language: Arabic, Kurdish minority speaks Kurdish Literacy: 20% to 40% Labor force: 2.4 million; 70% agriculture, 6.5% industry, 6.7% government, 16.8% other; rural underemployment high, but not serious because low subsistence. levels make it easy to care for unemployed; severe shortage of technically trained personnel Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Iraq Type: republic; National Front Government consisting of Baath Party (BPI), and Iraq Communist Party (CPI) formed in July 1973 (Kurds invited to join National Front government but have refused pending solution of Kurdish autonomy issue; Communists play nominal role in government) Capital: Baghdad Political subdivisions: 16 provinces under centrally appointed officials Legal system: based on Islamic law in special religious courts, civil law system elsewhere; provisional constitution adopted in 1968; judicial review was suspended; legal education at University of Baghdad; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Baath Party of Iraq has been in power since 1968 coup Government leaders: President Ahmad Hasari al- Bakr; Deputy Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council Saddam Husayn 'Abd-al-Majid al-Tikriti Suffrage: no elective bodies exist Elections: no national elections since overthrow of monarchy in 1958 Communists: Communist Party allowed token representation in cabinet; est. 2,000 hard-core members Political or pressure groups: political parties banned, possibly some opposition to regime from disaffected members of the regime and army officers Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $13 billion (1975 est.), $1,180 per capita Agriculture: dates, wheat, barley, rice, livestock Major industry: crude petroleum (third largest producer in Middle East); 2.1 million b/d (est. 1976); petroleum revenues estimated for 1976, $8.0 billion Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Electric power: 1,200,000 kW capacity (1975); 3.4 billion kWh produced (1975), 303 kWh per capita Exports: $8.3 billion (f.o.b., 1976 est.); net receipts from oil, $8.0 billion; non-oil, $300 million est. Imports: $5.1 billion (f.o.b., 1975 est.); 26% from Communist countries (1973) Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 2%, Italy 22%, France 19%, Netherlands 6%, U.K. 4%; im- ports-U.S. 5.6%, U.K. 8.5%, U.S.S.R. 8.8%, France 8.4%, Japan 6.7%, Brazil 5.9%, Czechoslovakia 5.5% (1973) Budget: $17 billion (FY76) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Iraqi dinar=US$3.38 (end of July 1973) Fiscal year: 1 January - 31 December COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,700 km; 1,123 km standard gage (1.435 m), 577 km meter gage (1.00 m); 16 km meter gage double track Highways: 20,791 km; 6,490 km paved, 4,645 km improved earth, 9,656 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,015 km; Shatt al Arab navigable by maritime traffic for about 104 km; Tigris and Euphrates navigable by shallow-draft steamers Ports: 3 major (Basra, Umm Qasr, Al Faw) Pipelines: crude oil, 3,481 km; 40 km refined products; 1,360 km natural gas Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 82 total, 71 usable; 22 with permanent- surface runways; 42 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: network consists of open- wire lines, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; 152,900 telephones; 1.25 million radio receivers; 352,000 TV receivers; 7 AM, no FM and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,566,000; 1,436,000 fit for military service; about 120,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: est. for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $3,377,237,000; 33.7% of central government budget and 22.5%. of est. GNP; no service allocation is available (dollar value converted from Iraqi dinars at official rate of 0.2961 dinars=US$1) LAND 68,894 km2; 17% arable, 51% meadows and pastures, 3% forested, 2% inland water, 27% waste and urban Land boundaries: 360 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 1,448 km PEOPLE Population: 3,167,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.8% (7-65 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Irishman(men), Irish (collec- tive pl.); adjective-Irish Ethnic divisions: racially homogeneous Celts Religion: 94% Roman Catholic, 4% Anglican, 2% other Language: English and Gaelic official; English is generally spoken Literacy: 98%-99% Labor force: about 1,134,000 (1971); 26% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 19% manufacturing; 15% commerce; 7% construction; 5% transportation; 4% government; 24% other; 9.8% unemployment (February 1976) Organized labor: 36% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Ireland, Eire (Gaelic) Type: republic Capital: Dublin Political subdivisions: 26 counties Legal system: based on English common law, substantially modified by indigenous concepts; constitution adopted 1937; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: elected President; bicameral parliament reflecting proportional and vocational representation; judiciary appointed by President on advice of government Government leaders: President Patrick Hillary; Prime Minister (Taoiseach) Liam Cosgrave; Deputy Prime Minister (Tanaiste) Brendan Corish Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: Dail (lower house) elected every 5 years-last election February 1973; President elected for 7-year term-last election December 1974 Political parties and leaders: Fianna Fail, John (Jack) Lynch; Labor Party, Brendan Corish; Fine Gael, Liam Cosgrave; Communist Party of Ireland, Michael O' Riordan Voting strength: (1973 election) Fianna Fail 46% (69_ seats), Fine Gael 35% (54 seats), Labor Party 14% (19 seats), other 5%; Independents hold 2 seats Communists:'approximately 600 Member of: Council of Europe, EC, EEC, ESRO (observer), EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $7.9 billion (1975), $2,580 per capita; 68.2% consumption, 23.2% investment, 19.8% government, -5.9% inventories; -5.3% net export of goods and services; 1968-72 real growth rate, 4.3%; 1973, 5.2%; 1974, 0.2%; 1975, -3.5% Agriculture: 70% of agricultural area used for permanent hay and pasture; main products- livestock and dairy products, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, wheat; 85% self-sufficient; food shortages- grains, fruits, vegetables; caloric intake 3,510 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 89,500 metric tons (1974); exports of fish and fish products $29.6 million (1974), imports of fish and fish products $11.3 million (1974) Major industries: food products, brewing, textiles and clothing, machinery and transportation equipment Shortages: coal, petroleum, timber and woodpulp, steel and nonferrous metals, fertilizers, cereals and animal feeds, textile fibers and textiles Crude steel: 85,000 metric tons produced in 1975, 30 kg per capita Electric power: 2,200,000 kW capacity (1975); 7.9 billion kWh produced (1975), 2,500 kWh per capita Exports: $3,201.2 million (f.o.b., 1975); live animals, meat, dairy products, machinery, clothing, chemicals Imports: $3,775.7 million (c.i.f., 1975); petroleum and petrol products, chemicals, machinery, cereals Major trade partners: 73.8% EC-nine (51.2% U.K., 7.5% West Germany); 6.7% U.S.; 2.0% Communist countries (1975) Aid: economic-U.S., $200 million authorized (FY49-75); IBRD, $122 million authorized (FY64-75); EC Common Borrowing Facility, $300 million Budget: (1976) 2,093 million pounds expenditures, 1,374 million pounds revenues, 719 million pounds deficit Monetary conversion rate: 1 Irish pound= US$2.2215 (1975 average) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,189 km 1.600-meter gage, govern- ment-owned Highways: 88,302 km; 78,616 km surfaced, 9,686 km earth Inland waterways: approx. 1,000 km Ports: 6 major, 38 minor Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft Airfields: 38 total, 38 usable; 8 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; I seaplane station Telecommunications: small, modern system; all cities interconnected for telephone and telegraph service; 429,000 telephones; 900,000 radiobroadcast receivers; 637,000 TV receivers; 6 AM, 7 FM, and 25 TV stations; 4 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 722,000; 567,000 fit for military service; about 29,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $133.5 million; about 5% of the central government budget (See reference map V/ NOTE: The Arab territories occupied since the 1967 war are not included in the data below. LAND 20,720 km2 (excluding about 64,750 km2 of occupied territory in Jordan, Egypt, and Syria); 20% cultivated, 40% pastureland and meadows, 4% forested, 4% desert, waste, or urban; 3% inland water, 29% unsurveyed Land boundaries: 1,036 km (1967); including occupied areas, 789 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm Coastline: 273 km (1967); including occupied areas, 1,488 km PEOPLE Population: 3,545,000, excluding West Bank and East Jerusalem (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (1-74 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Israeli(s); adjective-Israel Ethnic divisions: 85% Jews, 15% non-Jews (mostly Arabs) Religion: 89% Judaism, 8% Islam, 3% other Language: Hebrew official; Arabic used officially for Arab minority; English most commonly used foreign language Literacy: 88% Jews, 48% Arabs Labor force: 1,133,000; 6.5% agriculture, forestry and fishing; 25:3% manufacturing (mining, industry); 0.9% electricity and water; 8.1% construction and public works; 12.2% commerce; 7.7% transport, storage, and communications; 6.5% finance and business; 26.1% public services; 6.7% personal and other services (1974) Organized labor: 90% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Israel Type: republic Capital: Jerusalem; not recognized by U.S. which maintains Embassy in Tel Aviv Political subdivisions: 6 administrative districts Legal system: mixture of English common law and, in personal area, Jewish, Christian and Muslim legal systems; commercial matters regulated substantially by codes adopted since 1948; no formal constitution; some of the functions of a constitution are filled by the Declaration of Establishment (1948), the basic laws of the Knesset (legislature) relating to the Knesset, Israeli lands, the president, the government and the Israel citizenship law; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Hebrew University in Jerusalem; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President Ephraim Katzir has largely ceremonial functions; executive power vested in cabinet; unicameral parliament (Knesset) of 120 members elected under a system of proportional representation; legislation provides fundamental laws in absence of a written constitution; 2 distinct court systems (secular and religious) Government leader: Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held every 4 years unless required by dissolution of Knesset; last election held in December 1973 Principal political parties and leaders: Israel Labor Party, Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin, Golda Meir, Haim Zadok, Moshe Dayan, Yigal Allon, Shimon Peres; United Workers Party (MAPAM) in alignment with Israel Labor Party, Meir Talmi; National Religious Party, Minister of Interior Dr. Joseph Burg; Independent Liberal Party, Minister of Tourism Moshe Kol; Herut (Freedom) Party, Menahem Begin; Liberal Party, Simha Ehrlich; La'am, Yigal Hurwitz; Herut and the Liberal Party are called the GAHAL bloc and, together with La'am and Free Center, they form the Likud bloc led by Menahem Begin; AKI (Israel Communist Opposition Party-predominantly Jewish), leader Esther Wil- enska; RAKAH (Communist Party-predominantly Arab), Secretary General Meir Wilner Voting strength: out of 120 seats, Israel Labor Party-MAPAM-Arab List Alignment 53 seats; Likud bloc 38 seats; National Religious Party 10 seats; Independent Liberal Party 4 seats; Agudat Religious Front 5 seats; RAKAH 4 seats; Citizens' Rights Movement 2 seats; Independent Socialist 2 seats; Moked 1 seat; independents 1 seat Communists: divided between AKI (Jewish party), a new splinter group with at most a few hundred members, and RAKAH (Arab party) with some 1,500 members; neither constitutes a subversive threat Other political or pressure groups: right-wing Jewish Defense League led by Rabbi Meir Kahane; Black Panthers, a loosely organized youth group seeking more benefits for oriental Jews; Gush Emunim, Jewish religious zealots pushing for freedom for Jews to settle anywhere on the West Bank Member of: FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS (observer), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $11.4 billion (1975, in 1975 prices), $3,380 per capita (converted to dollars at 6.33 Israeli pounds=US$1); 1974 growth of real GNP -1.8% Agriculture: main products-citrus and other fruits, vegetables, beef and dairy products, poultry products Major industries: food processing, textiles and clothing, diamond cutting and polishing, chemicals, metal products, transport equipment, electrical equipment, miscellaneous machinery, rubber and plastic products, potash mining . Electric power: 2,200,000 kW capacity (1975); 12 billion kWh produced (1975), 3,520 kWh per capita Exports: $1,835 million (f.o.b., 1975); major items-polished diamonds, citrus and other fruits, textiles and clothing, processed foods, fertilizer and Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 chemical products; tourism is leading foreign exchange earner Imports: $4,088 million (c.i.f., 1975); major items-rough diamonds, chemicals, machinery, iron and steel,' cereals, textiles, vehicles, ships, and aircraft Major trade partners: exports-EC, U.S., U.K., Japan, Hong Kong, Switzerland; imports-EC, U.S., U.K., Switzerland, Japan Budget: FY ending 31 March 1977-$12 billion (converted at 7.1 Israeli pounds=US$1) Monetary conversion rate: 7.68 Israeli pounds= US$1 (April 1976, changes almost monthly); par value protected by a system of export subsidies and.import duties and by legal restrictions on conversion Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 767 km standard gage (1.435 m) Highways: 11,000 km paved roads, remainder unknown Pipelines: crude oil, 708 km; refined products, 290 km; natural gas, 89 km Ports: 3 major (Haifa, Ashdod, Elat), 5 minor Airfields: 53 total, 45 usable; 20 with permanent- surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: second to Iran, the most modern and highly developed in the Middle East; 735,200 telephones; 450,000 radio and 579,000 TV receivers; 28 TV, 13 AM, and 10 FM stations; 1 submarine cable; earth satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: Jewish males 15-49, 730,000; 630,000 fit for military service; average number of Jews reaching military age (18) annually-28,000 males, 27,000 females; both sexes liable for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, $4,271',551,000; about 39.6% of central government budget LAND 301,217 km2; 50% cultivated, 17% meadow and pasture, 21% forest, 3% unused but potentially productive, 9% waste or urban Land boundaries: 1,702 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 4,996 km PEOPLE Population: 56,410,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.7% (1-66 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Italian(s); adjective-Italian Ethnic divisions: primarily Italian but population includes small clusters of German-, French-, and Slovene-Italians in the north and of Albanian-Italians in the south Religion: almost 100% nominally Roman Catholic (de facto state religion) Language: Italian; parts of Trentino-Alto Adige Region (e.g., Bolzano) are predominantly German speaking; significant French-speaking minority in Valle d'Aosta Region; Slovene-speaking minority in the Trieste-Gorizia area Literacy: 5%-7% of population illiterate (1972); illiteracy varies widely by region Labor force: 19,549,000 (January 1975); 15.0% agriculture, 42.9% industry, 39.0% other; 3.3% unemployment (1975), 5.6% if underemployed (those working less than 33-hour work week) are included; 1.5 million Italians employed in other Western European countries Organized labor: 20% (est.) of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Italian Republic Type: republic Capital: Rome Political subdivisions: constitution provides for establishment of 20 regions; 5 (Sicilia, Sardegna, Trentino-Alto Adige, Friuli-Venezia Giulia, and Valle d'Aosta) have been functioning for some time and the remaining 15 regions were instituted on 1 April 1972; 94 provinces Legal system: based on civil law system, with ecclesiastical law influence; constitution came into effect 1 January 1948; judicial review under certain conditions in Constitutional Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Branches: executive-President empowered to dissolve Parliament and call national election; he is also Commander of the Armed Forces and presides over the Supreme Defense Council; otherwise, authority to govern invested in Council of Ministers; legislative power invested in bicameral, popularly elected Parliament; Italy has an independent judicial establishment Government leaders: President Giovanni Leone; Premier Guilio Andreotti Suffrage: universal over age 18 (except in Senatorial elections where minimum age of voter is 25) Elections: national elections for Parliament held every 5 years (most recent, June 1976); provincial and municipal elections held every 5 years with some out of phase; regional elections every 5 years (held June 1975) Political parties and leaders: Christian Demo- cratic Party (DC), Benigno Zaccagnini (secretary general), Aldo Moro (party president); Communist Party (PCI), Enrico Berlinguer (secretary general), Luigi Longo (party president); Socialist Party (PSI), Bettino Craxi (secretary general), Pietro Nenni (party president); Social Democratic Party (PSDI), Pierluigi Romita (secretary general); Liberal Party (PLI), Valerio Zanone (party secretary); Italian Social Movement (MSI), Giorgio Almirante; Republican Party (PRI), Oddo Biasini (party secretary); Ugo La Malfa (party president) Voting strength (1976 election): 38.7% DC, 34.4% PCI, 9.6% PSI, 6.1% MSI, 3.4% PSDI, 3.1% PRI, 1.3% PLI, 3.4% other Communists: 1,726,350 members (as of October 1975) Other political or pressure groups: the Vatican; three major trade union confederations (CGIL- Communist dominated, CISL-Christian Democra- tic, and UIL-Social Democratic, Socialist, and Republican); Italian manufacturers association (Confindustria); organized farm groups Member of: ADB, ASSIMER, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECOWAS, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $172 billion (1975), $3,090 per capita; 67.5% private consumption, 21% gross fixed investment, 14.0% government, net foreign balance -6.1%; 1973 growth rate 6.3%, 1974 growth rate 3.4%, 1975 growth rate -3.5% (1970 constant prices) Agriculture: important producer of fruits and vegetables; main crops-cereals, potatoes, olives; 95% self-sufficient; .food shortages-fats, meat, fish; and eggs; caloric intake, 3,100 calories per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 462,000 metric tons (1973), $336 million (1973); exports $41 million (1974), imports $155 million (1974) Major industries: machinery and transportation equipment, iron and steel, chemicals, food processing, textiles Shortages: coal, fuels, minerals Crude steel: 21.9 million metric tons produced (1975), 390 kg per capita Electric power: 43,586,000 kW capacity (1975); 147.1 billion kWh produced (1975), 2,750 kWh per capita Exports: $34.8 billion (f.o.b., 1975); principal items-machinery and transport equipment, textiles, foodstuffs, chemicals, footwear Imports: $38.4 billion (c.i.f., 1975); principal items-machinery and transport equipment, food- stuffs, ferrous and nonferrous metals, wool, cotton, petroleum Major trade partners: (1975) 43.6% EC-nine (18% West Germany, 15% France, 4% Netherlands, 4% U.K., 3% Belgium-Luxembourg); 8% U.S.; 3% U.S.S.R. and 3% other Communist countries of Eastern Europe Aid: economic-U.S., $4,128 million (FY46-75), $78.2 million authorized FY73; IBRD, $398 million authorized through FY75, none since FY65; International Finance Corporation, $1 million authorized through FY75, none since FY60; military-U.S., $2,545 million (FY46-73), $11.6 million authorized in FY73 Monetary conversion rate: Smithsonian rate as .of December 1973, 650.4 lira=US$1; average of Friday closing rates in 1975-653 lira = US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 20,690 km; 15,970 km government- owned standard gage (1.435 m), 7,850 km electrified; 4,720 km non-government owned, 2,507 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,270 km electrified; 2,213 km narrow gage (0.950 m), 517 km electrified Highways: 286,400 km; autostrade 4,800 km, state highways 41,200 km, provincial highways 91,200 km, communal highways 149,200 km; 254,400 km concrete, bituminous, or stone block, 24,800 km gravel and crushed stone, 7,200 km earth Inland waterways: 2,500 km navigable routes Pipelines: crude oil, 1,770 km; refined products, 1,448 km; natural gas, 12,779 km Ports: 16 major, 22 significant minor Civil air: 140 major transport aircraft Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Airfields: 148 total, 148 usable; 83 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 29 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 42 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 11 seaplane stations Telecommunications: well engineered, well constructed, and efficiently operated; 14.8 million telephones; 13.7 million radio and 12.6 million TV receivers; 91 AM, 602 FM, and 868 TV stations; 11 coaxial submarine cables; 4 communication satellite ground stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,841,000; 11,586,000 fit for military service; 430,000 reach military age (18) annually IVORY COAST LAND 323,750 km2; 40% forest and woodland, 8% cultivated, 52% grazing, fallow, and waste, 200 mi. of lagoons and connecting canals along eastern coast Land boundaries: 3,227 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 515 km PEOPLE Population: 7,045,000, resident African population only (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Ivorian(s); adjective-Ivorian Ethnic divisions: 7 major indigenous ethnic groups; no single tribe more than 20% of population; most important are Agni, Baoule, Krou, Senoufou, Mandingo; approx. 1 million foreign Africans, mostly Upper Voltans; about 33,000 non-Africans (25,000 French) Religion: 66% animist, 22% Muslim, 12% Christian Language: French official, over 60 native dialects, Dioula most widely spoken Literacy: about 65% at primary school level Labor force: over 85% of population engaged in agriculture, forestry, livestock raising; about 11% of labor force are wage earners, nearly half in agricul- ture, remainder in government, industry, commerce, and professions Organized labor: 20% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Ivory Coast Type: republic, one-party presidential regime established 1960 Capital: Abidjan Political subdivisions: 24 departments subdivided into 127 subprefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1960; judicial review in the Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; legal education at Abidjan School of Law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President has sweeping powers, unicameral legislature, separate judiciary Government leader: President Felix Houphouet- Boigny Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: uncontested Presidential and legislative elections held in November 1975 for 5-year term Political parties and leaders: Parti Democratique de la Cote d'Ivoire (PDCI), (only party);' official party leader is Secretary General Philippe Yace, but Houphouet-Boigny is in control Communists: no Communist party; possibly some sympathizers Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, EIB (associate), Entente, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO,'IMF, IPU, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $4.1 billion (1975 est.), $825 capita; average annual growth rate in constant prices, 3.1% (1970-75) Agriculture: commercial-coffee, cocoa, wood, bananas, pineapples, palm oil; food crops-corn, millet, yams, rice; other commodities-cotton, rubber, tobacco, fish; self-sufficient in most foodstuffs, but rice, sugar, and meat imported Fishing: catch 69,000 metric tons (1974) valued at $20.8 million; exports $12.0 million (1974), imports $23.8 million (1974) Major industries: food and lumber processing, oil refinery, automobile assembly plant, textiles, soap, Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 flour mill, matches, three small shipyards, fertilizer plant, and battery factory Electric. power: 450,000 kW capacity (1975); 962 million kWh produced (1975), 140 kWh per capita Exports: $1.2 billion (f.o.b., 1975); coffee, tropical woods, cocoa, 70% of total; bananas, pineapples, palm oil Imports: $1.1 billion (c.i.f., 1975); about 40%_ consumer goods, 10% raw materials and fuels, about 50% manufactured goods and semi-finished products Major trade partners: France and other EC countries about 65%, U.S. 13%, Communist countries about 1% Aid:,economic-France (1960-69), $312 million; EC through FY75, $203.2 million; U.S. (FY61-75), $140.1 million; others (1960-71), $76 million, including $18.5 million committed; no Communist aid programs; military-non-Communist countries (1954-67), $7.3 million Budget: 1976 est.-revenues $626 million, current expenditures $267 million, investment expenditures $247 million Monetary conversion rate: about 248.22 Com- munaute Financiere Africaine francs=.US$1, August 1976 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS -Railroads: 657 km of the 1,173 km Abidjan to Ouagadougou, Upper Volta line, all single track meter gage (1.00 m); only diesel locomotives in use Highways:. 34,497 km; 1,628 km bituminous and bituminous-surface treatment; 12,163 km gravel, crushed stone, laterite, and improved earth; remainder unimproved earth roads .Inland waterways: 740 km navigable rivers and numerous coastal lagoons Ports: 2 major (Abidjan, San Pedro), 3 minor Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft . . Airfields: 46 total, 44 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m;.1 seaplane station Telecommunications: system only slightly above African average; consists of open-wire lines and radio relay links, which provide incomplete coverage of country; Abidjan is only center; 25,200 telephones; 206,000 radio and 100,500 TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and 4 TV stations; 1 submarine cable; satellite earth station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,161,000;. 599,000 fit for military service; 50,000 males reach military age (18) annually JAMAICA LAND 11,422 km2; 21% arable, 23% meadows and pastures, 19% forested, 37% waste, urban, or other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,022 km PEOPLE Population: 2,093,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.7% (1-70 to 1-75) Nationality: noun-Jamaican(s); adjective- Jamaican Ethnic divisions: African 76.3%, Afro-European 15.1%, Chinese and Afro-Chinese 1.2%, East Indian and Afro-East Indian 3.4%, white 3.2%, other 0.9% Religion: predominantly Protestant, some Roman Catholic, some spiritualist cults Language: English Literacy: government claims 82%, but probably only about one-half of that number are functionally literate Labor force: 810,700 (1973); 26% in agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining, 10% manufacturing, 8% public administration, 5% construction, 10% commerce, 3% transportation and utilities, 15% services, 22% unemployed (seasonal unemployment in agriculture can push the unemployment figure to 25%); shortage of technical and managerial personnel Organized labor: about 25% of labor force (1966) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Jamaica Type: independent state within Commonwealth since August 1962, recognizing Elizabeth II as head. of state Capital: Kingston . Political subdivisions: 12 parishes. and the Kingston-St. Andrew corporate area Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Legal system: based on English common law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: cabinet headed by Prime Minister; 60- member elected House of Representatives; 21- member Senate (13 nominated by the Prime Minister, 8 by opposition leader); judiciary follows British tradition under a Chief Justice Government leader: Prime Minister Michael Manley Suffrage: universal, age 18 and over Elections: at discretion of Governor-General upon advice of Prime Minister but within 5 years; latest held 29 February 1972 Political parties and leaders: People's National Party (PNP), Michael Manley; Jamaica Labor Party (JLP), Edward Seaga Voting strength: (1972 general elections) 56.55% PNP, 43,21% JLP, 0.24% other Communists: a few hundred Marxist and Communist sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: New World Group (Caribbean regionalists, nationalists, and leftist intellectual fraternity); Rastafarians (Negro religious/ racial cultists, pan-Africanists); New Creation International Peacemakers Tabernacle (leftist group); Workers Liberation League (a Marxist coalition of students/labor) Member of: CARICOM, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, OAS, Pan American Health Organization, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: 2,653 million (1975), $1,290 per capita; real growth rate 1975, -2.3% Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, citrus fruits, bananas, pimento, coconuts, coffee, cocoa Major industries: bauxite mining, textiles, food processing, light manufactures, tourism Electric power: 758,000 kW capacity (1975); 2.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 1,050 kWh hr. per capita Exports: $810 million (f.o.b., 1975); alumina, bauxite, sugar, bananas, citrus fruits and fruit products, rum, cocoa Imports: $1,115 million (c.i.f., 1975); fuels, machinery, transportation and electrical equipment, food, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 38%, U.K. 23%, Norway 11%, Canada 4%; imports-U.S. 37%, U.K. 13%, Canada 5% (1975) Aid: economic-authorizations from U.S. (FY56- 75), $131 million in loans, $57 million in grants; from other Western countries (1960-74), $151 million; from international organizations (FY46-75), $183 million; military-authorizations from U.S. (FY63-75), $1 million in grants Budget: FY76-77, prelim.-revenues $1,037 million, expenditures $1,016 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Jamaican dol- lar= US$1.10 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 326 km government-owned, 69 km privately owned, all standard gage (1.435'm), single track Highways: 13,050 km; 4,850 km paved, 4,850 km gravel, 3,350 km unimproved earth surfaces Pipelines: refined products, 10 km Ports: 3 major (Kingston, Montego Bay, Montego' Freeport), 10 minor Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft plus 2 leased aircraft Airfields: 42 total, 22 usable; 12 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fully automatic domestic telephone network with 100,200 telephones;"satellite ground station; 600,000 radio and 110,000 TV receivers; 8 AM, 8 FM, and 9 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 442,000; 313,000 fit for military service; no conscription; average number currently reaching minimum volunteer age (18) 23,000 Supply: dependent on U.K. and U.S. JAPAN LAND 370,370 km2;16% arable and cultivated, 3% grassland, 12% urban and waste, 69% forested Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 12,075 km Japan; 1,610 km Ryukyus PEOPLE Population: 113,462,000, including Ryukyus (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Japanese (sing., pl. ); adjec- tive-Japanese Ethnic divisions: 99.2% Japanese, 0.8% other (mostly Korean) Religion: most Japanese observe both Shinto and Buddhist rites; about 16% belong to other faiths, including 0.8% Christian Language: Japanese Literacy: 97.8% of those 15 years old and above (1960 data) Labor force (1975 figures): 53.2 million; 12.7% agriculture, forestry, and fishing; 35.2% manufactur- ing, mining, "and construction; 48.2% trade and services; 3.7% government; 1.9% unemployed; surplus of skilled labor, 2.0 million est. employed (Jan.-Mar. 1975) Organized labor: 34.7% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Japan Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Tokyo Political subdivisions: 47 prefectures (Ryukyus became 47th prefecture on -15 May 1972) Legal system: civil law. system with English- American influence; constitution promulgated in 1946; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: Emperor ' is merely symbol of state; executive power is vested in cabinet dominated by the Prime Minister, chosen by the Lower House of the bicameral, elective legislature (Diet); judiciary is independent Government leader: Prime Minister Takeo Fukuda Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: general elections held every 4 years or upon dissolution of Lower House, triennially for one- half of Upper House Political parties and leaders: Liberal Democratic Party (LDP), T. Fukuda, President; Japan Socialist Party (JSP), T. Narita, Chairman; Democratic Socialist Party (DSP), I. Kasuga, Chairman; Japan Communist Party (JCP), K. Miyamoto, Presidium Chairman; Komeito (CGP), Y. Takeiri, Chairman; New Liberal Club (NLC), Y. Kono Voting strength (1978 election): 41.8% LDP, 20.7% JSP, 10.9% GCP, 10.4% JCP, 6:3% DSP, 4.2% NLC, 5.7% independents Communists: 350,000; 3,000,000 sympathizers Member of: ADB, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, IRC, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $488 billion (1975, at 296.8 yen=US$1); $463 billion in 1974 prices, $4,400 per capita (1975); 57% personal consumption, 32% investment, 11% government current expenditure; real growth rate 2.1% (1975); average annual growth rate (1970-1975), 6.3% Agriculture: land intensively cultivated-rice, wheat, barley, sugar, potatoes, fruits; 72% self- sufficient; food shortages-meat, wheat, feed grains, edible oil and fats; caloric intake, 2,502 calories per day per capita (1974) Fishing: catch 10.8 million metric tons (1974) Major industries: metallurgical and engineering industries, electrical and electronic industries, textiles, chemicals Shortages: fossil fuels, most industrial raw materials Crude steel: 102 million metric tons produced (1975) Electric power: 110,400,000 kW capacity (1975); 460 billion kWh produced (1975), 4,077 kWh per capita Exports: $54.8 billion (f.o.b., 1975); 54% machinery and equipment, 22% metals and metal products, 7% textiles Imports: $49.7 billion (f.o.b., 1975); 44% fossil fuels, 8% metals and metal products, 15% foodstuffs, 7% machinery and equipment Major trade partners: exports-20% U.S., 15% OPEC, 11% Communist countries, 10% EC, 4% Australia, 40% other; imports-35% OPEC, 20% U.S., 7% Australia, 6% EC, 5%. Communist countries, 27% other Aid: Japanese official foreign economic aid disbursements 1975, $1,148 million Budget: revenues $56.7 billion, expenditures $81.0 billion, deficit $24.3 billion (general account for fiscal year ending March 1977) Monetary conversion rate: 296.8 yen= US$1 (1975 average rate), floating since February 1973 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 28,912 km; 1,077 km standard gage (1.435 m), 27,835 km predominantly narrow-gage (1.067 m), 6,195 km double track, 7,376 km or 26% of total route length electrified; 73% government-owned Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Highways: 1,059,100 km (1974); 308,784 km paved, most of remainder gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: approx. 1,770 km; seagoing craft ply all coastal "inland seas" Pipelines: crude oil, 82 km; natural gas, 933 km Ports: 53 major, over 2,000 minor Civil air: 230 major transport aircraft (includes 2 leased) Airfields: 183 total, 181 usable; 119 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 44 with runways 1,220-2,439 m, 5 seaplane stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 31,351,000; 26,433,000 fit for military service; about 810,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, $5.1 billion proposed; about 6% of total budget JORDAN NOTE: The war between Israel and the Arab states in June 1967 ended with Israel in control of West Jordan. Although approx. 930,000 persons resided in this area prior to the start of the war, fewer than 750,000 of them remain there under the Israeli occupation, the remainder having fled to East Jordan. Over 14,000 of those who fled were repatriated in August 1967, but their return has been more than offset by other Arabs who have crossed and are continuing to cross from West to East Jordan. These and certain other effects of the 1967 Arab-Israeli war are not included in the data below. LAND 96,089 km2 (including about 5,439 km2 occupied by Israel); 11 % agricultural, 88% desert, waste, or urban, 1 % forested Land boundaries: 1,770 km (1967, 1,668 km excluding occupied areas) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 26 km PEOPLE Population: 2,833,000, including West Bank and East Jerusalem (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.2% current; East Bank, 2,071,000, average annual growth rate 3.7% (current); West Bank, including East Jerusalem, 762,000, average annual growth rate 2.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Jordanian(s); adjective- Jordanian Ethnic divisions: 98% Arab, l k Circassian, 1% Armenian Religion: 90%-92% Sunni Muslim, 8%-10% Christian Language: Arabic official, English widely understood among upper and middle classes Literacy: about 50%-55% in East Jordan; somewhat less than 60% in West Jordan Labor force: 638,000; less than 5% unemployed Organized labor: 9.8% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: 'Amman Political subdivisions: 8 governorates (3 are under Israeli occupation) under centrally appointed officials Legal system: based on Islamic law and French codes; constitution adopted 1952; judicial review of legislative acts in a specially ..rovided High Tribunal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: King holds balance of power; Prime Minister exercises executive authority in name of King; Cabinet appointed by King and responsible to parliament; bicameral parliament with House of Representatives last chosen by national elections in April 1967, and dissolved by King in February 1976; Senate last appointed by King in November 1974; met briefly in February 1976 to amend constitution allowing King to postpone elections; present parliament subservient to executive; secular court system based on differing legal systems of the former Transjordan and Palestine; law Western in concept and structure; Sharia (religious) courts for Muslims, and religious community council courts for non- Muslim communities; desert police carry out quasi- judicial functions in desert areas Government leader: King Husayn ibn Talal al- Hashimi Suffrage: all citizens over age 20. Political parties and leaders: political party activity illegal ? since 1957; Palestine Liberation Organization and various smaller 'fedayeen groups clandestinely active on West Bank; Muslim. Brotherhood Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Communists: party actively repressed, membership estimated at less than 500 Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU,, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1.2 billion (1975 est.), $440 per capita; real growth rate (1973-75), 6% Agriculture: main crops-wheat, fruits, vegetables, olive oil; not self-sufficient in many foodstuffs Major industries: phosphate mining, petroleum refining, and cement production Electric power: 150,000 kW capacity (1975); 325 million kWh produced (1975), 118 kWh per capita, East Bank only Exports: $125 million (f.o.b., 1975); fruits and vegetables, phosphate rock; Communist share 5% of total (1974) Imports: $732 million (c.i.f., 1975); petroleum products, textiles, ? capital goods, motor vehicles, foodstuffs; Communist share 9% of total (1974) Aid: economic-U.S., $924 million economic assistance (FY46-75), of which $82 million loans, $827 million grants; military-$416 million total from U.S. (FY53-75) including $269 million in MAP grants Budget: (1976 est. )-expenditures $802 million (non-military, $647 million, military $155 million), development $349 million; deficit $37 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Jordanian dinar= US$3.03, freely convertible; 0.3300 Jordanian dinar= US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 817 km 1.050-meter gage, single track Highways: 7,080 km; 5,880 'paved, 200 km improved earth; 1,000 km unimproved earth Pipelines: crude oil, 209 km Ports: 1 major (Aqaba) Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft Airfields: 25 total, 16 usable; 12 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 in, 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 1 with runway 1,220- 2,439 in Telecommunications: adequate telecommunica- tion system for the needs of the country; 40,500 telephones; 529,000 radio and 205,000 TV receivers; 1 AM station, no FM station, and 1 TV station; 1 earth satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 605,000; 431,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching military age (18) annually 30,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $155,963,300; 19.4% of central government budget LAND 582,750 km2; about 21% forest and woodland, 13% suitable for agriculture, 66% mainly grassland adequate for grazing (1971) Land boundaries: 3,368 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 536 km PEOPLE Population: 14,113,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.5% (7-71 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Kenyan(s); adjective-Kenyan Ethnic divisions: 97% native African (including Bantu, Nilotic, Hamitic and Nilo-Hamitic); 2% Asian; 1% European, Arab and others Religion: 56% Christian, 36% animist, 7% Muslim, 1 % Hindu Language: English and Swahili official; each tribe has own language Literacy: 27% Labor force: 2.5 million; about 977,000 (39%) in monetary economy (1967) Organized labor: about 215,000 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Kenya Type: republic within Commonwealth since December 1963. Capital: Nairobi Political subdivisions: 7 provinces plus Nairobi Area Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law and Islamic law; constitution enacted 1963; judicial review in Supreme Court; legal education at University Kenya School of Law in Nairobi; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations . Branches: President and Cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature (National Assembly) of 170 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 seats, 158 directly elected by constituencies and 12 appointed by the President; Assembly must be reelected at least every 5 years; High Court, with Chief justice and at least 11 justices, has unlimited original jurisdiction to hear and determine any civil or criminal proceeding; provision for systems of courts of appeal with ultimate appeal to East African Court of Appeals Government leader: President Jomo Kenyatta Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: general election (October 1974) elected present National Assembly; next elections due 1979 Political party and leaders: Kenya Africa National Union (KANU), president, Jomo Kenyatta Voting strength: KANU holds all seats in the National Assembly Communists: may be a few Communists and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: labor unions Member of: AFDB, EAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $2,500 million at current prices (1975), $190 per capita; 5% real growth 1970-75 Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, sisal, tea, pyrethrum, cotton, livestock; food crops-corn, wheat, rice, cassava; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: 29,400 metric tons (1974) Major industries: small-scale consumer goods (plastic, furniture, batteries, textiles, soap, agricultural processing, cigarettes, flour), oil refining, cement Electric power: 285,000 kW capacity (1975); 900 million kWh produced (1975), 65 kWh per capita Exports: $600 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); coffee, tea, livestock products, pyrethrum, soda ash, wattle-bark tanning extract Imports: $950 million (c.i.f., 1975 est.); machinery, transport equipment, crude oil, paper and paper products, iron and steel products, and textiles Major trade partners: U.K. and EC, also Uganda and Tanzania, which are part of East African Economic Community Budget: FY76 current revenues $1,009 million; current expenditures $1,057 million; development expenditures $193 million Monetary conversion rate: 8.4 Kenya shillings= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,040 km meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 52,372 km; 4,022 km paved, 48,350 km gravel and/or earth Inland waterways: part of Lake Victoria and Lake Rudolph are within boundaries of Kenya Ports: 1 major (Mombasa), 3 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 234 total, 215 usable; 6 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 41 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: in top group of African systems; consists of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal center Nairobi, secondary centers. Mombasa and Nakuru; 113,700 telephones; 774,000 radio and 37,500 TV receivers; 4 AM, 1 FM, and 5 TV stations; satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,001,000; 1,841,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1976, $44,925,101; about 4.3% of central government budget KOREA, NORTH LAND 126,900 km2; 17% arable and cultivated, 74% in forest, scrub, and brush; remainder wasteland and urban Land boundaries: 1,675 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 2,495 km PEOPLE Population: 17,294,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Korean(s); adjective-Korean Ethnic divisions: racially homogeneous Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Religion: Buddhism and Confucianism; religious activities now almost nonexistent Language: Korean Literacy: 90% (est.) Labor force: 6.1 million; 48% agriculture, 52% non-agricultural; shortage of skilled and unskilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Peoples Republic of Korea Type: Communist state; one-man rule Capital: P'yongyang Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 3 special cities (P'yongyang, Hamhung, Ch'ongjin), and 1 special district (Kaesong) . Legal system: based on German civil law system with Japanese influences and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1948 and revised 1972; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Supreme Peoples Assembly theoretically supervises Legislative and judicial function Government and party leaders: Kim II-song, President DPRK, and General Secretary of the Korean Workers Party; Pak Song-chol, Premier Suffrage: universal at age 17 Elections: election to SPA every 4 years, but this constitutional provision not necessarily followed- last election December 1972 Political party: Korean Workers (Communist) Party; claimed membership of about 1.6 million, or about 12% of population Member of: IPU, U.N. (observer status only), UNCTAD, WFTU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $7.5 billion (1975 est.), $450 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rice, corn, vegetables; food shortages-meat, cooking oils; production of foodstuffs adequate for domestic needs at low levels of consumption Major industries: machine building, electric power, chemicals, mining, metallurgy, textiles, food processing Shortages: complex machinery and equipment, bituminous and coking coal, petroleum, rubber Crude steel: 3.3 million metric tons produced (1975), 210 kg per capita . Exports: $800 million; minerals, chemical and metallurgical products (1974) Imports: $1,100 million; machinery and equip- ment, petroleum, foodstuffs, coking coal (1974) Major trade partners: total trade turnover $1.9 billion; 43% with non-Communist countries, 57% with Communist countries (1975) Aid: economic and military aid from the U.S.S.R. and China Monetary conversion rate: 2.15.won=US$1 (arbitrarily established) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,535 km operating in 1976; 3,870 km standard gage (1.435 m), 665 km narrow gage (0.762 m); 159 km double tracked; about 1,080 km electrified; government-owned Highways: about 20,278 km; 98.5% gravel, crushed stone, or earth surface; 1.5% concrete or bituminous . Inland waterways: 2,253,km; mostly navigable by small craft only Ports: 6 major, 26 minor DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,776,000; 2,242,000 fit for military service; 189,000 reach military age (18) annually KOREA, SOUTH LAND 98,400 km2; 23% arable (22% cultivated), 10% urban and other, 67% forested Land boundaries: 241 km WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 2,413 km PEOPLE Population: 35,538,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Korean(s); adjective-Korean Ethnic divisions: homogeneous; small Chinese minority (approx. 20,000) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Religion: strong Confucian tradition; pervasive folk religion (Shamanism); vigorous Christian minority (5.5% of population); Buddhism (including estimated 20,000 members of Soka Gakkai); Chondokyo (religion of the heavenly way), eclectic religion with nationalist overtones founded in 19th century, claims about 1.5 million adherents Language: Korean Literacy: about 90% Labor force: about .10.5 million (1972); 48% agriculture, fishing, forestry; 15% services; 13% mining and manufacturing; 12% commerce; 12% other Organized labor: about 10% of nonagricultural labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Korea Type: republic; power centralized in a strong executive Capital: Seoul Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 2 special cities; heads centrally appointed Legal system: combines elements of continental European civil law systems, Anglo-American law, and Chinese classical thought; constitution approved 1972; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, legislative (unicameral), judiciary, National Conference of Unification Government leaders: President Pak Chong-hui; Prime Minister Choe Kyu-ha Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: presidential every 6 years indirectly by the National Conference of Unification, last election December 1972; two-thirds of the 219-member National Assembly is elected directly for the same period within six months of the presidential election, remaining third nominated by the President and elected by the National Conference for a three-year term; last election February 1973, Revitalization Group-73 seats, Democratic Republican Party-73 seats, New Democratic Party-52 seats, Democratic Unification Party-2 seats, Independents-19 seats Political parties and leaders: pro-government- Revitalization Group (appointed) (Chairman, Pak Tu-Chin) and Democratic Republican Party (Acting Chairman, Yi Hyo-sang); New Democratic Party (Chairman, Yi Chol-sung); Democratic Unification (Chairman, Yang II-tong) Voting strength: (1973 election) popular vote 11,896,484; DRP 38.8%, NDP 32.8%, DUP 10.2%, Independent 18.1%, 0.1% invalid Communists: Communist activity banned by government; an estimated 37,000-50,000 former members and supporters Other political or pressure groups: Federation of Korean Trade Unions; Korean Veterans' Association; large potentially volatile student population concentrated in Seoul Member of: ADB, Asian Parliamentary Union, Asian People's Anti-Communist League (APACL), ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, Geneva Conventions of 1949 for the protection of war victims, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, IMCO, IMF, INTELSAT, INTERPOL, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, UNES- CO, U.N. Special Fund, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, World Anti-Communist League (WACL); official observer at U.N., does not hold U.N. membership ECONOMY GNP: $18.0 billion (1975, in 1974 prices); real growth 7.4% (1974); real growth 9.8% (1970-74 average) Agriculture: 40% of the population live on the land, but agriculture, forestry and fishery constitute 26% of GNP; main crops-rice, barley, wheat; not self-sufficient; food shortages-barley, wheat, dairy products, rice, corn Fishing: catch 2,026,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: textiles and clothing, food processing, chemical fertilizers, chemicals, plywood, steel Shortages: base metals, petroleum, lumber and certain food grains Electric power: 5.1 million kW capacity (1975); 19.9 billion kWh produced (1975), 555 kWh per capita Exports: $5.0 billion (f.o.b., 1975); clothing, electrical machinery, plywood, footwear, processed food, steel Imports: $7.1 billion (c.i.f., 1975); oil, ships, steel, wood, wheat, organic chemicals Major trade partners: exports-30% U.S., 25% Japan; imports-33% Japan, 26% U.S. (1975) Aid: economic-U.S. (FY46-75), $6.4 billion committed; Japan (1965-73), $1.8 billion extended; military-U.S. (FY46-75), $6.5 billion committed. Budget: $5.5 billion (1976) Monetary conversion rate: rate fixed at .484 won=US$1 since December 1974 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Freight carried: rail (1973) 4.8 billion metric ton/km, 34.2 million metric tons; highway 21.8 million metric tons; air (1959) 361,184 kg carried Pipelines: 515 km refined products Ports: 10' major, 18 minor Civil air: 28 major transport aircraft Airfields: 121 total, 115 usable; 53 with permanent-surface runways; 15 with runways 2,440- Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 3,659 m, 17 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 8,439,100; 5,492,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 368,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $1.9 billion; about 34% of central government budget KUWAIT LAND 16,058 km2 (excluding neutral zone but including islands); insignificant amount forested; nearly all desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 459 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 499 km PEOPLE Population: 1,101,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 6.2% (4-70 to 4-75) Nationality: noun-Kuwaiti(s); adjective-Ku- waiti Ethnic divisions: 85% Arabs, 13% Iranians, Indians, and Pakistani; native Kuwaitis are a minority Religion: 99% Muslim, 1% Christian, Hindu, Parsi,.other Language: Arabic; English commonly used foreign language Literacy: about 60% Labor force: 340,000 (1976 est: ); 26% manufactur- ing, 25% services, 35% government and professions, 9% commerce, 5% oil industry; two-thirds of labor force is non-Kuwaiti Organized labor: labor unions, first authorized in 1964, formed in oil industry and among government personnel GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Kuwait Type: nominal constitutional monarchy Capital: Kuwait Political subdivisions: 3 governorates, 10 voting constituencies Legal system: civil law system with Islamic law significant in personal matters; constitution took effect 1963; key provisions regarding election of National Assembly suspended in August 1976; judicial review of legislative acts not yet determined; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Council of Ministers Government leader: Emir Sabah al-Salim Al Sabah Suffrage: native born and naturalized males age 21 or over Elections: National Assembly dissolved by Emir's decree in August 1976 Political parties and leaders: political parties prohibited, some small clandestine groups are active Communists: insignificant Other political or pressure groups: none Member of: Arab League, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $13.9 billion (1975 est.), $13,500 per capita est. Agriculture: virtually none, dependent on imports for food; approx. 75% of potable water must be distilled or imported Major industries: crude petroleum production averaging 2.1 million.b/d (includes Kuwait's share of neutral zone, down 30% from 1973); government revenues from taxes and royalties on production, refining, and consumption, $7.7 billion est. for 1975; refinery production 90,720,273 bbls (1974), average b/d refinery throughput equals 248,550 bbls; other major industries include processing of fertilizers, chemicals; building materials; flour, and fishing Electric power: 1,500,000 kW capacity (1975); 4.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 4,360 kWh per capita Exports: $8.1 billion (1976 est.), of which petroleum accounted for about 98%; nonpetroleum exports are mostly reexports, $600 million (1976 est.) Imports: $3 billion (1976 est.); major suppliers- U.S., Japan, U.K., West Germany Aid: an aid donor, committed bilaterally-or through multilateral agencies nearly $3 billion in economic assistance in 1975 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Budget: (FY76/77) $7.6 billion revenues; State reserves, $10 billion (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Kuwaiti dinars US$3.48 (1976) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,494 km; 748 km bituminous; 1,746 km earth, sand, light gravel Pipelines: crude oil, 877 km; refined products, 40 km; natural gas, 121 km Ports: 3 major (Ash Shuwaikh, Ash Shuaybah, Mina al Ahmadi), 4 minor Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft Airfields: 11 total, 6 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent international and adequate domestic telecommunication facilities; 108,600 telephones; 500,000 radio and 135,000 TV sets; 3 AM, no FM and 3 TV stations; satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 332,000; about 192,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1976, $222,428,950; 8% of central government budget LAND 236,804 km'; 8% agricultural, 60% forests, 32% urban, waste, and other; except in very limited areas, soil is very poor; most of forested area is not exploitable Land boundaries: 5,053 km PEOPLE Population: 3,455,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.4% (7-73 to 7-74) Nationality: noun-Lao (sing., pl.); adjective- Lao or Laotian Ethnic divisions: 47% Lao; 14% Tribal Tai; 25% Phoutheung (Kha); 14% Meo, Yao, and other Religion: 50% Buddhist, 50% animist and other Language: Lao official, French predominant foreign language Literacy: about 12% Labor force: about 1,268,000; 80%-90% agri- culture; 159,286 engaged in manufacturing and services; 28,400 (22,400 civil and 6,000 police) government employees in FY72 Organized labor: only labor organization is subordinate to the Communist Party GOVERNMENT Legal name: Lao People's Democratic Republic Type: republic Capital: Vientiane Political subdivisions: 13 provinces subdivided into districts, cantons, and villages Legal system: based on civil law system; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President; 45-member Supreme Council; 39-member cabinet formed on 4 December 1975; cabinet is totally Communist but council contains a few nominal neutralists and non-Communists; Supreme People's Assembly, a quasi-legislature tasked with drafting constitution and election law Government leaders: President, Souphanouvong; Prime Minister, Kaysone Phomvihan; Deputy Prime Ministers, Nouhak Phoumsavan, Phoumi Vongvichit, Phoun Sipaseut, and Khamtai Siphandone Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections for new National Assembly, scheduled for April 1, 1976, have been postponed Political parties and leaders: Lao People's Revolutionary Party (Communist) includes Lao Patriotic Front and Alliance Committee of Patriotic Neutralist Forces; other parties are moribund Communists: Lao People's Revolutionary Party; membership unknown Other political or pressure groups: non- Communist political groups are moribund; most leaders have fled the country Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Mekong Committee, SEAMES, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $220 million, $70 per capita (1972 est.) Agriculture: main crops-rice (overwhelmingly dominant), corn, vegetables; largely self-sufficient; Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 food shortages (due in part to distribution deficiencies) including rice Major industries: tin mining, timber, tobacco Shortages: capital equipment, petroleum, transpor- tation system Electric power: 61,000 kW capacity (1975); 250 million kWh produced (1975), 79 kWh per. capita Exports: $3.2 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); forest products (40%), tin concentrates (53%); coffee, undeclared exports of opium and tobacco Imports: $30 million (c.i.f., est. 1975); rice and other foodstuffs, petroleum products, machinery, transportation equipment Major trade partners: imports from Thailand, U.S.S.R., Japan, France, China, Vietnam; exports to Thailand and Malaysia; trade with' Communist countries insignificant; Laos was once a major transit point in world gold trade, value of 1973 gold re- exports $55 million Aid: economic-$26 million (1975) of which $25 million, U.S.; remainder mostly U.S.S.R., China, Vietnam, France, Japan, and international agencies; military-no quantifiable data for 1975 or 1976 Budget: (1973-74) receipts, 13.3 billion kip; expenditures, 36.0 billion kip; deficit 22.7 billion kip (provisional totals); 45% military, 55% civilian; no data available since Communists fully took over government in 1975 Monetary conversion rate: as of 15 October 1976 200 kip=US$1 (official), 1,300 liberation kip=US$1 (free market) . Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Highways: about 18,000 km; 1,300 km bituminous or bituminous treated, 5,900 km gravel, crushed stone, or improved earth; 10,800 km unimproved earth and often impassable during rainy season mid-May to mid-September Inland waterway's: about 4,587 km, primarily Mekong and tributaries; 2,897 'additional kilometers are sectionally navigable by craft drawing less than 0.5 in Ports (river): 5 major, 4 minor Airfields: 116 total, 89 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 in, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 808,000; 431,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching usual military age (18) annually, 34,000; no conscription age specified Military budget: no expenditure estimates are available for FY76 LEBANON (See reference map V) LAND 10,360 km2; 27% agricultural land, 64% desert, waste, or urban, 9% forested Land boundaries: 531 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): no specific claims (fishing, 6 nm) Coastline: 225 km PEOPLE Population: 2,454,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Lebanese (sing. and pl.); adjective-Lebanese Ethnic divisions: 93% Arab, 6% Armenian, 1% other Religion: 55% Christian, 44% Muslim and Druze, 1% other (official estimates); Muslims, in-fact, constitute a majority Language: Arabic (official); French is widely spoken Literacy: 86% Labor force: about 1 million economically active; 49% agriculture, 11% industry, 14% commerce, 26% other; moderate unemployment Organized labor: about 65,000 GOVERNMENT NOTE: Civil strife between Lebanese Christians aided by Syrian troops on the one hand, and Lebanese Muslims and their Palestinian allies on the other hand, has plagued Lebanon since early 1975, causing the near-collapse of central governmental authority. Much of the country is now under Syrian occupation; Damascus is trying to force the Palestinians to return to their refugee camps and keep out of Lebanon's internal affairs, and to preserve a unitary Lebanese state-under a modified constitution-that will be responsive to Syria's influence. At issue in the fighting Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 have been the structure of Lebanon's parliamentary government and the country's traditional political practices, which have favored the Christian minority. The following description is based on the present constitutional and customary practices of the Lebanese system. Legal name: Republic of Lebanon Type: republic Capital: Beirut Political subdivisions: 5 provinces Legal system: mixture of Ottoman law, canon law, and civil law system; constitution mandated in 1920; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Lebanon; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: power lies with President elected by parliament (Chamber of Deputies); cabinet appoint- ed by President, approved by parliament; independ- ent secular courts on French pattern; religious courts for matters of marriage, divorce, inheritance, etc.; by custom, President is a Maronite Christian, Prime Minister a Sunni Muslim, and president of parliament a Shia Muslim; each of 9 religious communities represented in parliament in proportion to national numerical strength Government leader: President Ilyas Sarkis Suffrage: compulsory for all males over 21; authorized for women over 21 with elementary education Elections: Chamber of Deputies held every 4 years or within 3 months of dissolution of Chamber; latest April 1972 Political parties and leaders: political party activity is organized along sectarian lines; numerous political groupings exist, 'consisting of individual political figures and followers motivated by religious, clan, and economic considerations; political stability dependent on maintenance of balance between religious communities Communists: only legal Communist party in Middle East; legalized in 1970; members and sympathizers estimated at 2,000-3,000 Other political or pressure groups: Palestinian guerrilla organizations Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N., UNES- CO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY Agriculture: fruits, wheat, corn, barley, potatoes, tobacco, olives, onions; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: service industries, food processing, textiles, cement, oil refining, chemicals, some metal fabricating, tourism Electric power: 540,000 kW capacity (1975); 1 billion kWh produced (1975), 400 kWh per capita Major trade partners: exports $1 billion est. (f.o.b., 1974); most to Arab countries; imports $1.7 billion (c.i.f., 1974); chiefly from EC, .U.K., and Arab countries; trade deficit covered by large net receipts from invisibles (particularly tourism and transporta- tion) and private capital inflow Budget: (1975) expenditures $863 million, current expenditures $758 million, investment expenditures $105 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Lebanese pound= US$0.44 as of August 1975 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 383 km; 296 km standard gage (1.435 m), 82 km 1.050-meter gage; all single track Highways: 7,370 km; 6,270 km paved, 450 km gravel and crushed stone, 650 km improved earth Pipelines: crude oil, 72 km Ports: 3 major (Beirut, Tripoli, Sayda), 5 minor Civil air: 29 major transport aircraft Airfields: 5 total, 3 usable; 3 with. permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 in Telecommunications: excellent international telecommunication facilities include satellite ground station; good domestic telephone and telegraph service; 227,000 telephones; 1.3 million radio and 410,000 TV receivers; 2 FM, 1 AM, and 7 TV stations; 1 submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 500,000; 350,000 fit for military service; average of about 25,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $145,355,620; 19% of central government budget LAND 30,303 km2; 15% cultivable; largely mountainous Land boundaries: 805 km PEOPLE Population: 1,074,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.2% (7-72 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Basothan(s); adjective- Basothan Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 SWAZI LESOTHO Mas u SOUTH AFRICA Ethnic divisions: 99.7% Sotho, 1,600 Europeans, 800 Asians Religion: 70% or more Christian, rest animist Language: all Africans speak Sesotho vernacular; English is second language for literates Literacy: 40% Labor force: 87.4% of resident population engaged in subsistence agriculture; 150,000 to 250,000 spend 6 months to many years as wage earners in South Africa Organized labor: negligible GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Lesotho Type: constitutional monarchy under King Moshoeshoe . II; independent member of com- monwealth since 1966 Capital: Maseru Political subdivisions: 9 administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law and Roman-Dutch law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review of legislative acts in High Court and Court of Appeal; legal education at University of Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland (located in Lesotho); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, divided between a largely ceremonial King and a Prime Minister who leads cabinet of at least 7 members; Prime Minister dismissed bicameral legislature in early 1970 and subsequently has ruled by decree; Prime Minister appointed Interim National Assembly in April 1973; judicial-63 Lesotho courts administer customary law for Africans, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal at Maseru has appellate jurisdiction Government leader: Prime Minister Chief Leabua Jonathan Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: elections held in January 1970; nullified allegedly because of election irregularities; subsequent elections promised at unspecified date Political parties and leaders: National Party (BNP), Chief Leabua Jonathan; Basutoland Congress Party (BCP), Ntsu Mokhele Voting strength: in 1970 elections for National Assembly, BNP won 32 seats; BCP, 22 seats; minor parties, 4 seats Communists: negligible, Communist Party of Lesotho banned in early 1970 Member of: Commonwealth, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $196 million (FY72 est.), $205 per capita; growth rate (in current prices), 13% annually (FY70- 72 est.) Agriculture: exceedingly primitive, mostly subsistence farming and livestock; principal crops are corn, wheat, pulses, sorghum, barley Major industries: none Electric power: approximately 20 million kWh imported from South Africa (1975) Exports: labor to South Africa (remittances $90 million est. in 1975); $12.6 million (est. f.o.b., 1975), wool, mohair, wheat, cattle, diamonds, peas, beans, corn, hides, skins Imports: $95 million (est. c.i.f., 1975); mainly corn, building materials, clothing, vehicles, machinery, POL Major trade partner: South Africa Aid: economic aid-U.K. $9.4 million (plan FY71- 75); other $17.5 million.(plan FY71-75): U.S. $23.1 million authorized (FY61-75); no military aid .Budget: (FY76) revenues, $63 million; current expenditures, $38 million; development budget, $25 million Monetary conversion rate: Lesotho uses the South African rand; 1 SA rand=US$1.15 (as of September 1975) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1.6 km; owned, operated, and included in the statistics of the Republic of South Africa Highways: approx. 2,327 km; 212 km paved; 843 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; remainder improved or unimproved earth Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 21 total, 20 usable; 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m, 1 with permanent surface runway Telecommunications: system a modest one consisting of a few landlines, a small radio-relay system, and minor radiocommunication stations; Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Maseru is the center; 3,725 telephones; 22,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 220,000; fit for military service 122,000 LAND 111,370 km2; 20% agricultural, 30% jungle and swamps, 40% forested, 10% unclassified Land boundaries: 1,336 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 22 nm Coastline: 579 km PEOPLE Population: 1,554,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Liberian(s); adjective- Liberian Ethnic divisions: 5% descendants of immigrant Negroes; 95% indigenous Negroid African tribes including Kpelle, Bassa, Kru, Grebo, Gola, Kissi, Krahn, and Mandingo Religion: probably more Muslims than Christians; 70%-80% animist Language: English official; 28 tribal languages or dialects, pidgin English used by about 20% Literacy: about 24% over age 5 Labor force: 600,000, of which 120,000 are in monetary economy; about 2,000 non-African foreigners hold about 95% of the top level management and engineering jobs Organized labor: 2% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Liberia Type: republic in form; strong executive dominates, with few constraints Capital: Monrovia Political subdivisions: country divided into 9 counties; President appoints all officials of significance Legal system: based on U.S. constitutional theory; recent codes drawn up by Cornell University; constitution adopted 1847; amended 1907, 1926, 1934, 1955, and 1975; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Louis Arthur Grimes School of Law, University of Liberia; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President, elected by popular vote, limited to a single eight-year term, controls through appointive powers, authority over national expendi- tures, and a variety of informal sanctions; 2-house legislature elected by popular vote; judiciary consisting of Supreme Court and variety of lower courts Government leader: President William R. Tolbert, Jr. Suffrage: universal 18 years and over Elections: members of House of Representatives elected for 4-year terms, most recently in October 1975; Senate members elected for 6-year terms, one- half elected in May 1973; President, Tolbert, constitutional successor to President Tubman who died in July 1971, completed the four year term to which Tubman was elected and was then elected in October 1975 for an eight-year term beginning in January 1976 Political parties and leaders: True Whig Party, in power since 1878, only political party; President Tolbert is leader Voting strength: 1975 elections uncontested; True Whig Party won all but a handful of votes Communists: no Communist Party and only a few sympathizers Member of: AFDB, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO] IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GDP: $745 million (1975), $425 per capita; 4% current annual growth rate (1972-75) Agriculture: rubber, rice, oil palm, cassava, coffee, cocoa; imports of rice, wheat, and live cattle and beef are necessary for basic diet Fishing: catch 23,000 metric tons Industry: rubber processing, food processing, construction materials, furniture, palm oil processing, mining (iron ore, diamonds), 10,000 b/d oil refinery Electric power: 300,000 kW capacity (1975); 875 million kWh produced (1975), 490 kWh per capita Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Exports: $406 million (f.o.b., 1975); iron ore, rubber, diamonds, lumber and logs, coffee, cocoa Imports: $332 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, manufactured goods, foodstuffs Major trade partners: U.S., West Germany, Netherlands, Italy, Belgium Aid: economic-(FY46-75) U.S., $344.9 million; military-(FY53-75) U.S., $13.9 million; other aid ($73.1 million through FY75), sources include IBRD, U.N., IMF, West Germany, Republic of China Budget: (FY75) revenues $127 million, expendi- tures $124 million; development budget $27.2 million Monetary conversion rate: Liberia uses U.S. currency Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June (beginning 1 July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 502 km; 354 km standard gage (1.435 m), 145 km narrow gage (1.067 m); all lines single track; rail systems owned and operated by foreign steel and financial interests in conjunction with Liberian Government Highways: 7,952 km; 334 km bituminous treated; remainder improved and unimproved laterite, gravel, and/or earth Inland waterways: 370 km Ports: 3 major (Monrovia, Buchanan, Greenville- Sino Harbor), 4 minor Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 80 total, 78 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph limited; main center is Monrovia; 3,400 telephones; 264,000 radio and 8,800 TV receivers; 5 AM, no FM, and 5 TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 419,000; 224,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for year ending 31 December 1976, $4.7 million; 3.6% of central government budget LAND 1,758,610 km2; 6% agricultural, 1% forested, 93% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 4,345 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (except for Gulf of Sidra where sovereignty is claimed and northern limit of jurisdiction fixed at 32?30'N. and the unilaterally proclaimed 100 nm zone around Tripoli) Coastline: 1,770 km PEOPLE. Population: 2,599,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 4.2% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Libyan(s); adjective-Libyan Ethnic divisions: 97% Berber and Arab with some Negro stock; some Greeks, Maltese, Jews, Italians, Egyptians Religion: 97% Muslim Language: Arabic; Italian and English widely understood in major cities Literacy: 35% Labor force: 485,000; between ages 15-64, 405,000-430,000; 61% of labor force in agriculture (1964) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Libyan Arab Republic Type: republic; under military control following ouster of king on 1 September 1969; provisional constitution promulgated December 1969; loosely confederated with Egypt and Syria in Confederation of Arab Republics (CAR) on 1 September 1971 Capital: Tripoli Political subdivisions: 10 administrative provinces closely controlled by central government; district commissioners appointed by revolutionary Command Council Legal system: based on Italian civil law system and Islamic law; separate religious courts; no constitu- tional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Law School, at University of Libya at Benghazi; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: paramount political power and authority rests with the 10-man Revolutionary Command Council (RCC); cabinet; parliament has been dissolved Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Government leaders: Revolutionary Command Council Chairman Colonel Mu'ammar Qadhafi; Prime Minister, Major Abd al-Salam Jallud Suffrage: universal Elections: parliamentary elections last held in May 1965; election for CAR assembly in March 1972 Political parties and leaders: Libyan Arab Socialist Union, RCC member Major Abd al-Salam Jallud, Secretary General; Mu'ammar Qadhafi, President Communists: no organized party, negligible membership Other political or pressure groups: various Arab nationalist movements and the Arab Socialist Resurrection (Bath) party with small, almost negligible memberships may be functioning clandestinely Member of: AFDB, Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, OAPEC, OAU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $11.9 billion (1975), $4,920 per capita Agriculture: main crops-wheat, barley, olives, dates, citrus fruits, peanuts; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: petroleum, food processing, textiles, handicrafts Electric power: 1,000,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.4 billion kWh produced (1975), 685 kWh per capita Exports: $6,120 million (1975); over 99% petroleum Imports: $4,400 million (c.i.f., 1975) Major trade partners: imports-Italy, West Germany, U.S.; exports-Italy, West Germany, U.K., France Aid: economic-no Communist country assistance; U.S. aid extended $212.5 million (FY49-75); international organizations $22 million; military- arms obtained by cash purchase; chief suppliers France, U.S.S.R., Czechoslovakia; U.S. suspended since September 1969 Monetary conversion rate: 1 Libyan pound= US$3.38 Fiscal year: 1 January - 31 December. (beginning 1974) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 16,212 km; 7,712 km bituminous and bituminous treated, 8,500 km gravel, crushed stone and earth Pipelines: crude oil 3,251 km; natural gas 282 km; refined products 443 km (includes 217 km liquid petroleum gas) Ports: 3 major (Tobruk, Tripoli, Benghazi), 4 minor, and 5 petroleum terminals Civil air: 20 major transport aircraft; an additional 20 major transports are operated by external carriers engaged in charter work for several oil companies Airfields: 86 total, 79 usable; 15 with permanent- surface runways, 1 with runway over 3,660 in, 12 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 32 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: system is just within top one-third of African systems; consists of radio-relay and tropospheric-scatter links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal centers are Tripoli and Benghazi; 49,800 telephones; 225,000 radio and 10,000 TV receivers; 7 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 533,000; 311,000 fit for military service; about 22,000 reach military age (17) annually; conscription now being imple- mented Military budget: estimated for period 1 April-31 December 1976; $202,771,200; 3.9% of central government budget LAND 168 km2 Land boundaries: 76 km PEOPLE Population: 25,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (12-60 to 12-70) Nationality: noun-Liechtensteiner(s); adjective- Liechtenstein Ethnic divisions: 95% Germanic, 5% Italian and other Religion: 92% Roman Catholic Language: German (dialect) Literacy: -98% . Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Labor force: 7,000, 3,500 foreign workers (mostly from Austria and Italy); 59% industry, 20% trade and commerce, 13% professional and other 8% agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Principality of Liechtenstein Type: hereditary constitutional monarchy Capital: Vaduz Political subdivisions: 11 .districts Legal system: based on Swiss law; constitution adopted 1921; judicial review of legislative acts in a special Constitutional Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations . Branches: unicameral Parliament, hereditary Prince, independent judiciary Government leaders: Head of State, Prince Franz Joseph II; Chief of Government, Dr. Walter Kieber Suffrage: males age 20 and over Elections: every 4 years; next elections 1978 Political parties and leaders: Fatherland Union Party (VU), Dr. Alfred Hilbe; Progressive Citizens Party (FBP), Dr. Gerard Batliner Voting strength (1974 election): FBP over 50% Communists: none Member of: IAEA, ITU, UPU, WCL; considering U.N. membership; desires affiliation with The Council of Europe; under a 1923 treaty, Switzerland handles Liechtenstein's post and telegraph systems, customs, and foreign relations ECONOMY Despite its small size and sparse natural resources, Liechtenstein has a prosperous economy based primarily on small-scale light industry and farming. Textiles, ceramics, precision instruments, phar- maceuticals, and canned foods are the principal manufactures produced, almost entirely for export. Livestock raising and dairying are the main sources of farm income; cereals and potatoes are the most important farm crops. The Liechtenstein economy is tied closely to that of Switzerland in a virtual customs union. No national accounts data are available. Major trade partners: exports (1972)-$138.6 million; 34% Switzerland, 35% EC, 48% EFTA Electric power: 23,000 kW capacity (1975); 56 million kWh produced (1975), 1,900 kWh per capita; power is exchanged with Switzerland, but net exports average 35 million kWh yearly Budget: (1976) revenues $93.2 million, expendi- tures $96.2 million, deficit $3.0 million COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 16.00 km, standard gage (1.435 m), electrified; owned, operated, and included in statistics of Austrian Federal Railways Highways: no information on total kilometers Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft registered in Switzerland Airfields: none Telecommunications: automatic telephone system serving about 15,900 telephones; no broadcast facilities; 5,500 radio and 4,700 TV receivers (programs from Switzerland) DEFENSE FORCES Defense is responsibility of Switzerland LUXEMBOURG i FEDERAL REPUBLIC i OF GERMANY LAND 2,590 km2; 25% arable, 27% meadows and pasture, 15% waste or urban, 33% forested, negligible amount of inland water Land boundaries: 356 km PEOPLE Population: 361,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.7% (7-66 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Luxembourger(s); adjective- Luxembourg Ethnic divisions: 83% Luxembourger, including an estimated 5% of Italian descent; remainder French, German, Belgian, etc. Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, remaining 3% Protestant and Jewish Language: Luxembourgish, German, French; most educated Luxembourgers also speak English Literacy: 98% Labor force: (1974) 158,000; 10% agriculture (including forestry and fishing), 48% industry, 42% services; 30% of labor force is foreign, comprising workers from neighboring areas of Belgium, France, and West Germany, as well as Italy and Portugal, unemployment 0.1 % August 1975 Organized labor: 45% of labor force Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Grand Duchy of Luxembourg Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Luxembourg Political subdivisions: unitary state, but for administrative purposes has 3 districts (Luxembourg, Diekirch, Grevenmacher) and 12 cantons Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted 1868; judicial review of legislative acts in the Cassation Court only; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: parliamentary democracy; seven ministers comprise Council of Government headed by President, which constitutes the executive; it is responsible to the unicameral legislature, the Chamber of Deputies; the Council of State, appointed for indefinite term, exercises some powers of an upper house; judicial power exercised by independent courts Government leaders: Grand Duke Jean, Head of State; Gaston Thorn, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: every 5 years for entire Chamber of Deputies; latest elections May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Christian Social Union, Pierre Werner and Jacques Santer (Party President); Socialist, Lydie Schmit (Party President); Social Democrat, Henry Cravatte (Party President); Democratic, Gaston Thorn (Party President and Prime Minister); Communist, Dominique Urbany Voting strength in Chamber of Deputies (1974): Christian Socialist, 18; Socialist Workers, 17; Democrats, 14; Social Democrats, 5; Communists, 5 Communists: 500 party members (1974) Other political or pressure groups: group of steel industries representing iron and steel industry, Centrale Paysanne representing agricultural pro- ducers; Christian and Socialist labor unions, Federation of Industrialists; Artisans and Shopkeepers Federation Member of: Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, EC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2,159 million (1975, in 1975 prices), $6,050 per capita; 1975 growth rate -7.3% at constant prices; 52% consumption, 31% investment, 11% government, 6% net exports of goods and services (1974) Agriculture: mixed farming; main crops-grains, potatoes, fodder beets; food shortages-sugar, bread grains, fats; caloric intake, 3,150 calories per day per capita (1968-69) Major industries: iron and steel, food processing, chemicals, metal products and engineering, tires Crude steel: 537 thousand metric tons produced (1974), 1,500 kg per capita Electric power: 1,205,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 6,000 kWh per capita Exports: see Belgium Imports: see Belgium Major trade partners: Luxembourg and Belgium form an economic and customs union and report their foreign trade jointly (see Belgium); Luxembourg's principal exports are iron and steel products; principal imports are coal and consumer products; most foreign trade is with Germany, Belgium, and other EC countries Aid: foreign aid to Luxembourg is included in aid to Belgium Budget (estimated): (1975) expenditures $695.1 million, revenues $591.6 million, deficit $103.6 million Monetary conversion rate: 1975 average 1 franc=US$0.0272 floating; under the BLEU agreement, the Luxembourg franc is equal to the Belgian franc which circulates freely in Luxembourg Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 270 km standard gage (1.435 m); 160 km double track; 136 km electrified Highways: 4,528 km; all paved; about 80 km limited access divided highway completed or under construction Inland waterways: 37 km; Moselle River Pipelines: refined products, 48 km Port: (river) Mertert Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft (includes 3 registered in Iceland) Airfields: 1 total, 1 usable with permanent-surface runway 2,440-3,659 in Telecommunications: adequate and. efficient system; 153,100 telephones; 200,000 radiobroadcast receivers; 85,000 TV receivers; 2 AM, 1 FM, 2 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 82,000; 69,000 fit for military service; about 3,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December, 1976, $23,234,000; 3.1% of the central government budget LAND 15.5 km2; 10% agricultural, 90% urban Land boundaries: 201 in Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WATER - - Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm; fishing, 12 nm Coastline: 40 km PEOPLE Population: 251,000 (official estimate for 1 July Nationality: noun-Macaon(s); adjective- Macaon Ethnic divisions: 99% Chinese, 1% Portuguese .Religion: mainly Buddhist; 17,000 Catholics, about one-half are Chinese - Language: 98% Chinese, 2% Portuguese Literacy: almost 100% among Portuguese and Macanese; no data on Chinese population Labor force: 5% agriculture, 30% manufacturing, 3% construction, 1% utilities, 27% commerce, .8% transportation and communications, .26% services (1960 data) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Province of Macao Type: overseas province of Portugal Capital: Lisbon (Portugal) Political subdivisions: municipality of Macao, and 2 islands Legal system: Portuguese civil law system Branches: 17-member Legislative Assembly, with Governor and 5 appointed, 1 specially nominated, and 10 elected representatives -Government leader: Col. Eduardo Garcia Leandro Suffrage: Portuguese, Chinese and foreign residents over 18 Elections: conducted every 4 years; last held December 1972 Political parties and leaders: Association to Defend the Interests of Macao; Macao Democratic Center; Group to Study the Development of Macao; Macao Independent Group Communists: numbers unknown Other political or pressure groups: wealthy Macanese and Chinese representing local interests, wealthy pro-Communist merchants representing China's interests; in January 1967 Macao Govern- ment acceded to Chinese demands which gave Chinese veto power over administration of the enclave ECONOMY Agriculture: main crops-rice, vegetables; food shortages-rice, vegetables, meat; depends mostly on imports for food requirements Major industries: textiles, fireworks Electric power: 70,000 kW capacity (1975); 175 million kWh produced (1975), 700 kWh per capita Exports: $127 million (f.o.b., 1975); textiles and clothing, foodstuffs Imports: $147 million (c.i.f., 1975) Major trade partners: exports-21% France, 14% West Germany, 10% Hong Kong, 9% Portugal and Portuguese colonies; imports-71% Hong Kong, 19% China (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 5.4 patacas=US$1 (December 1975) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 42 km paved Ports: 1 major Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: fairly modern communica- tion facilities provide adequate services for domestic and international requirements; broadcasting coverage is provided by AM and FM radio facilities and a wired broadcast network; 9,633 telephones; 65,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, 1 FM and no TV stations; no submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 60,000; 35,000 fit for military service Defense is 'responsibility of Portugal Personnel: there are no Portuguese military personnel in Macao MADAGASCAR LAND 595,700 km2; 5% cultivated, 58% pastureland, 21% forested, 8% wasteland, 2% rivers and lakes, 6% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm Coastline: 4,828 km PEOPLE Population: 7,812,000 .(January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (7-69 to 7-70) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Nationality: noun-Malagasy (sing. and pl.); adjective-Malagasy Ethnic divisions: basic split between highlanders of predominantly Malayo-Indonesian origin, consisting of Merina (1,643,000) and related Betsileo (760,000), on the one hand, and coastal tribes with mixed Negroid, Malayo-Indonesian, and Arab ancestry on the other; coastal tribes include Betsimisaraka 941,000, Tsimihety 442,000, Sakalava 375,000, Antaisaka 415,000; there are also 10-12,000 European French, 5,000 Indians of French nationality, and 5,000 Creoles Religion: more than half animist; about 41% Christian, 7% Muslim Language: French and Malagasy official Literacy: 45% of population age 10 and over Labor force: about 3.4 million, of which 90% are nonsalaried family workers engaged in subsistence agriculture; of 175,000 wage and salary earners, 26% agriculture, 17% domestic service, 15% industry, 14% commerce, 11% construction, 9% services, 6% transportation, 2% miscellaneous Organized labor: 4% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Republic of Madagascar Type: republic; military has wielded real authority since May 1972 Capital: Tananarive Political subdivisions: 6 provinces Legal system: based on French civil law system and traditional Malagasy law; constitution of 1959 modified in October 1972 by law establishing provisional government institutions; new constitution accepted by referendum in December 1975; legal education at National School of Law, University.of Madagascar; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive-a 12-member Supreme Revolutionary Council; assisted by cabinet called Council of Ministers; National Popular Development Council created to replace the legislature in October 1972 (dissolved in April 1976, to be replaced by elected People's National Assembly); Military Committee for Development; regular courts are patterned after French system, and a High Council of Institutions reviews all legislation to determine its constitutional validity Government leader: President Didier Ratsiraka Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: referendum held in December 1975 gave overwhelming approval to government and new constitution; legislative elections to.be held sometime in 1977 Political parties and leaders: Malagasy Socialist Party (PSM), led by Philibert Tsiranana and Andre Resampa, formed in 1974 as a result of union of Social Democratic Party (PSD) and Malagasy Socialist Union (USM); Congress Party for the Independence of Madagascar (AKFM), led by Richard Andriaman- jato; National Movement for the Independence of Madagascar (MONIMA), led by Monja Jaona; parties are permitted to exist but are barred from positions of political authority because of postpone- ment of elections Voting strength: number of registered voters (1972)-3.5 million; (in 1973 elections) non-party candidates won 81% of seats in National Popular Development Council; AKFM won 33 seats, PSD 5, USM 1, MONIMA 14 Communists: Communist party of virtually no importance; small and vocal group of Communists has gained strong position in leadership of AKFM, the rank and file of which is non-Communist Other political or pressure groups: Joint Struggle Committee (KIM), association of students, teachers, workers, and unemployed youth Member of: EAMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1.8 billion (1975), about $240 per capita; real growth less than 1%, (1970-75) Agriculture: cash crops-coffee,. vanilla, sugar, tobacco, sisal, rice, cloves, raphia; food crops-rice, cassava, cereals, potatoes, corn, beans, bananas, coconuts, and peanuts; animal husbandry wide- spread; imports some rice, milk, and cereal Fishing: catch 63,900 metric tons (1974); exports. $14.6 million (1974) Major. industries: agricultural processing (meat canneries, soap factories, brewery, tanneries, sugar refining), light consumer goods industries (textiles, glassware), cement plant, auto assembly plant, paper mill, oil refinery 125 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Electric power: 90,000 kW capacity (1975); 465 million kWh produced (1975), 62 kWh per capita Exports: $330 million (f.o.b., 1975); 30% coffee, 8% vanilla, 7% sugar, 6% cloves; agricultural and livestock products account for about 85% of export earnings Imports: $370 million (c.i.f., 1975); consumer goods about 19%, 21% footstuffs, 41% primary products (crude oil, fertilizers, metal products), 19% capital goods (1974) Major trade partners: France (in 1974 accounted for 37% of exports and 48% of imports), U.S., EC; trade with Communist countries remains a minute part of total trade Budget: (FY75) revenues $450 million (including $78 million projected borrowing), expenditures $450 million of which $324 million current, $126 million development Monetary conversion rate: 245 Malagasy francs =US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 884 km of meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 26,992 km; 4,285 km paved, 228 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; remainder improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 965 km (only local importance) Ports: 4 major (Tamatave, Diego Suarez, Majunga, Tulear) Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 249 total, 129 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 47 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system above African average; includes open-wire lines, some radio-relay and coaxial links and a communication satellite ground station; 29,300 telephones; 608,000 radio and 7,500 TV receivers; 1 AM station, no FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,683,000; 993,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 82,000 Supply: nearly all from France in the past, now mostly from West and East European countries Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $40.2 million; about 7% of central government budget LAND 95,053 km2; about 31% of land area arable (of which less than half is cultivated), nearly 25% forested, 6% meadow and pasture, 38% other Land boundaries: 2,881 km PEOPLE Population: 5,245,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-72 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Malawian(s); adjective- M alawian Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, less than 1% European and Asian Religion: majority animist; rest Christian and Muslim Language: English and Chichewa official; Lomwe is second African language Literacy: 15% of population Labor force: 225,000 wage earners employed in Malawi (1974); 6,000 Europeans permanently employed; 200,000 Malawians live and work in Rhodesia, South Africa, and Zambia; 30% agriculture, 11% construction, 10% commerce, 13% manufac- turing, 10% administration, 26% miscellaneous services Organized labor: small minority of wage earners are unionized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Malawi Type: republic since July 1966; independent member of Commonwealth since July 1964 Capital: Lilongwe Political subdivisions: 3 administrative regions and 23 districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution adopted 1964; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court of Appeal; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: strong presidential system with cabinet appointed by President; unicameral National Assembly of 60 elected and 15 nominated members; High Court with Chief Justice and at least 2 justices Government leader: Life President H. Kamuzu Banda Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 MALAWI/MALAYSIA Suffrage: universal adult Elections: scheduled for 1976 but MCP candidates unopposed and polling apparently will not take place Political parties and leaders: Malawi Congress Party (MCP), Dr. H. Kamuzu Banda Communists: no Communist Party; Malawi maintains no foreign relations with Communist governments Member of: AFDB, EEC (associate member), FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $700 million (1975 est., in current prices), $140 per capita; real growth rate 6.5% (1972-74) Agriculture: cash crops-tobacco, tea, sugar, peanuts, cotton, tung, maize; subsistence crops- corn, sorghum, millet, pulses, root crops, fruit, vegetables, rice Electric power: 85,000 kW capacity (1975); 263 million kWh produced (1975), 50 kWh per capita Major industries: agricultural processing (tea, tobacco, sugar), sawmilling, cement, consumer goods Exports: $135 million (f.o.b., 1975); tobacco, tea, sugar, peanuts, cotton Imports: $248 million (c.i.f., 1975); manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, building and construction materials, fuel, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-U.K., other EEC, Rhodesia, South Africa; imports-South Africa, U.K., Rhodesia, other EEC Aid: economic-U. K. provides major development support, about $144 million (1964-74); U.S. aid commitments, $110 million (FY56-75); military- U.K., $2.4 million (1954-68) Budget: (FY75) $123 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Malawi kwacha= US$1.09 (August 1976) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 563 km 1.065-meter gage Highways: 11,814 km; 1,245 km paved; 507 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; 6,157 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Malawi, 1,290 km and Shire River, 144 km Ports: 3 lake Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 47 total, 45 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 7 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the system is barely above average for African countries and consists of thinly spread open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; principal centers are Blantyre, Zomba, Lilongwe, and Muzuzu; 19,350 telephones; 127,000 radio receivers; 5 AM, 4 FM and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,041,000; about 528,000 fit for military service NOTE: Malaysia, which came into being on 16 September 1963, consists of Peninsular Malaysia, which includes 11 states of the former Federation of Malaya, plus East Malaysia, which includes the 2 former colonies of North Borneo (renamed Sabah) and Sarawak LAND Peninsular Malaysia: 131,313 km2; 20% culti- vated, 26% forest reserves, 54% other Sabah: 76,146 km2; 13% cultivated, 34% forest reserves, 53% other Sarawak: 125,097 km2; 21% cultivated, 24% forest reserves, 55% other Land boundaries: 509 km Peninsular Malaysia, 1,786 km East Malaysia WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 2,068 km Peninsular Malaysia, 2,607 km East Malaysia PEOPLE Population: 12,395,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.7% (7-70 to 7-75) Peninsular Malaysia: 10,401,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-70 to 7-75) Sabah: 852,000, average annual growth rate 4.2% (7-70 to 7-75) Sarawak: 1,142,000, average annual growth rate 2.5% (7-70 to 7-75) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 .Nationality: noun-Malaysian(s); adjective- Malaysian Ethnic divisions: Malaysia: 50% Malay, 35% Chinese, 10% Indian Peninsular Malaysia: 53% Malay, 35% Chinese, 11% Indian and Pakistani, 1% other Sabah: 21 % Chinese, 69% indigenous tribes, 10% other Sarawak: 30% Chinese, 50% indigenous tribes, 19% Malay, 1% other Religion: Peninsular Malaysia: Malays nearly all Muslim, Chinese predominantly Buddhists, Indians predomi- nantly Hindu Sabah: 38% Muslim, 17% Christian, 45% other Sarawak: 23% Muslim, 24% Buddhist and Confucianist, 16% Christian, 35% tribal religion, 2% other Language: Peninsular Malaysia: Malay (official); English, Chinese dialects, Tamil Sabah: English, Malay, numerous tribal dialects, Mandarin and Hakka dialects predominate among Chinese Sarawak: English, Malay, Mandarin, numerous tribal languages Literacy: Peninsular Malaysia: about 48% Sabah and Sarawak: 23% Labor force: Malaysia: 4.2 million (1975) Peninsular Malaysia: 3.6 million; 46.2% agricul- ture, forestry, and fishing, 10.9% manufacturing and construction, 31.9% trade, transport, and services (1975) Sabah: 213,000 (1967); 80% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 6% manufacturing and construction, 13% trade and transportation, 1% other Sarawak: 341,000 (1967); 80% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 6% manufacturing and construction, 13% trade, transportation, and services, 1% other Organized labor: 500,000 (1975 est.), about 15% of total labor force; unemployment about 7% of total labor force, but higher in urban areas GOVERNMENT Legal name: Malaysia Type: Malaysia: constitutional monarchy nominally headed by Paramount Ruler (King); a bicameral Parliament consisting of a 58-member Senate and a 154-member House of Representatives Peninsular Malaysian states: hereditary rulers in all but Penang and Malacca where Governors appointed by Malaysian Government; powers of state governments limited by federal constitution Sabah: self-governing state within Malaysia in which it holds 16 seats in House of Representatives; foreign affairs, defense, internal security, and other powers delegated to federal government Sarawak: self-governing state within Malaysia in which it holds 24 seats in House of Representatives; foreign affairs, defense, and internal security, and other powers are delegated to federal government Capital: Peninsular Malaysia: Kuala Lumpur Sabah: Kota Kinabalu Sarawak: Kuching Political subdivisions: 13 states (including Sabah and Sarawak) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into force 1963; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court at request of Supreme Head of the Federation; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: 9 state rulers alternate as Paramount Ruler for 5-year terms; locus of executive power vested in Prime Minister and cabinet, who are responsible to bicameral parliament; following communal rioting in May 1969, government imposed state of emergency and suspended constitutional rights of all parlia- mentary bodies; parliamentary democracy resumed in February 1971 Peninsular Malaysia: executive branches of 11 states vary in detail but are similar in design; a Chief Minister, appointed by hereditary ruler or Governor, heads an executive council (cabinet) which is responsible to an elected, unicameral legislature Sarawak and Sabah: executive branch headed by Governor appointed by central government, largely ceremonial role; executive power exercised by Chief Minister who heads parliamentary cabinet responsible to unicameral legislature; judiciary part of Malaysian judicial system Government leader: Head of State, Hussein Onn Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: minimum of every 5 years, last elections August 1974 Political parties and leaders: Peninsular Malaysia: National Front, a confederation of 9 political parties dominated by United Malays National Organization (UMNO), Hussein Onn; only opposition party of consequence- Democratic Action Party (DAP) Sabah: Berjaya Party, Tun Mohammad Fuad; United Sabah National Organization (USNO), Tan Sri Haji Moho Said Keruak; Sabah Chinese Association (SCA), Khoo Siak Chiew Sarawak: coalition Sarawak Alliance composed of the Pesaka/Bumipatra Party, the United People's Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Party (SUPP), Ong Kee Hui and Sarawak Chinese Association; opposition Sarawak National Party (SNAP), Stephen Ningkan Voting strength: Peninsular Malaysia: (1974 election) National Front controls 135 of 154 seats in lower house of parliament Sabah: (April 1976 Assembly Elections) Berjaya Party controls 34 of 54 seats in State Assembly, USNO controls 20 remaining seats Sarawak: (1974 elections) National Front 30 out of 48 State Assembly seats Communists: Peninsular. Malaysia: approx. 1,700 armed insurgents on Thailand side of Thai/Malaysia border; approx. 300 on Malaysian side Sarawak: 170 armed insurgents in Sarawak Sabah: insignificant Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: Malaysia: $8.1 billion (1975), $670 per capita; average annual real growth (1968-75), 5.6%; (1975), 01% Agriculture: Peninsular Malaysia: natural rubber, rice, oil palm; 10%-15% of rice requirements imported Sabah: mainly subsistence; main crops-rubber, timber, coconut, rice; food deficit-rice Sarawak: main crops-rubber, timber, pepper; food deficit-rice Fishing: catch 496,900 metric tons (1974) Major industries: Peninsular Malaysia: rubber and oil palm processing and manufacturing, light manufacturing industry, tin mining and smelting, logging and processing timber Sabah: logging, petroleum production Sarawak: agriculture processing, petroleum production and refining, logging Electric power: Peninsular Malaysia: 1,085,000 kW capacity (1975); 5.4 billion kWh produced (1975), 528 kWh per capita Sabah: 87,000 kW capacity (1975); 220 million kWh produced (1975), 248 kWh per capita Sarawak: 88,000 kW capacity (1975); 204 million kWh produced (1975), 174 kWh per capita Exports: $3.6 billion (f.o.b., 1975); natural rubber, palm oil, tin, timber, petroleum Imports: $3.7 billion (c.i.f., 1975) Major trade partners: exports-20% Singapore, 15% U.S., 14% Japan; imports-19% Japan, 11% U.K., 11% U.S., 8% Singapore Aid: economic-U.K. (1946-69) $260 million disbursed; Japan (1966-68) $50 million extended; IBRD (1959 - July 1974) $500 million (committed); U.S. (1954-75) $121 million; military-(FY62-75) $64 million committed Budget: 1976 revenues $2.1 billion; expenditures $2.9 billion; deficit $800 million; 15% military, 85% civilian Monetary conversion rate: (Malaysia) 2.5 Malaysian dollars=US$1 (July 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: Peninsular Malaysia: 1,665 km 1.04-meter gage; 13 km double track; government-owned East Malaysia: 154 km meter gage (1.00 m) in Sabah Highways: Peninsular Malaysia: 18,100 km; 15,786 km hard surfaced (mostly bituminous surface treatment), 1,569 km crushed stone/gravel, 745 km improved or unimproved earth East Malaysia: about 4,544 km (1,644 km in Sarawak, 2,899 km in Sabah); 819 km hard surfaced (mostly bituminous surface treatment), 2,936 km gravel or crushed stone, 1,234 km earth Inland waterways: Peninsular Malaysia: 3,194 km East Malaysia: 4,087 km (1,569 km in Sabah, 2,518 km in Sarawak) Ports: Peninsular Malaysia: 2 major, 13 minor East Malaysia: 1 major, 14 minor (5 minor in Sabah; 1 major, 9 minor in Sarawak) Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft (including 1 Boeing 707 leased from U.K.) Pipelines: crude oil, 69 km; refined products, 56 km Airfields: Peninsular Malaysia: 72 total, 72 usable; 16 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Sabah: 33 total, 33 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Sarawak: 44 total, 44 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: Peninsular Malaysia: good intercity service provided mainly by microwave relay; international service good; good coverage by radio and television broadcasts; 220,000 telephones; 450,000 radio and 2,600,000 TV receivers; 26 AM, 1 FM, and 16 TV stations; submarine cables extend to India, Ceylon, and Singapore; connected to SEACOM submarine- cable terminal at Singapore by microwave relay; 1 ground satellite station Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Sabah: adequate intercity radio-relay network extends to Sarawak via Brunei; 18,500 telephones; 35,500 radio receivers; 3,200 TV receivers; 5 AM, 1 FM, 5 TV stations; SEACOM submarine cable links to Hong Kong and Singapore; 1 gound satellite station Sarawak: adequate intercity radio-relay network extends to Sabah via Brunei; 22,000 telephones; 107,000 radio and 1,000 TV receivers; 4 AM stations, no FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: Peninsular Malaysia: males 15-49, 2,843,000; 1,780,000 fit for military service Sabah: males 15-49, 195,000; 113,000 fit for military service Sarawak: males 15-49, 262,000; 156,000 fit for military service; conscription age for Malaysia is 21- an age reached by about 122,000 annually External defense dependent on loose Five Power Defense Agreement (FPDA) which replaced Anglo- Malayan Defense Agreement of 1957 as amended in 1963 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $399.1 million; about 14% of central government budget LAND .298 km2; 2,000 islands grouped into 12 atolls, about 220 islands inhabited WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): the land and sea between latitudes 7?9'N. and 0?45'S. and between longitudes 72?30'E. and 73?48'E; these coordinates form a rectangle of approximately 37,000 nm2; territorial sea ranges from 2.75 to 55 nm; fishing, approximately 100 nm Coastline: 644 km (approx.) PEOPLE Population: 134,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Maldivian(s); adjective- Maldivian Ethnic divisions: admixtures of Sinhalese, Dravidian, Arab and Negro Religion: official Sunni Muslim Language: Divehi (dialect of Sinhala) Literacy: largely illiterate Labor force: fishing industry employs most of the male population GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Maldives Type: republic Capital: Male Political subdivisions: 19 administrative districts corresponding to atolls Legal system: based on Islamic law with admixtures of English common law primarily in commercial matters; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: popularly elected unicameral national legislature (Majlis) (members elected for 5-year terms); elected President, chief executive; appointed Chief justice responsible for administration of Islamic law Government leader: President Ibrahim Nasir Suffrage: universal over age 21 Political parties and leaders: no organized political parties; country governed by the Didi clan for the past eight centuries Communists: negligible number Member of: Colombo Plan, FAO, GATT (de facto), IMCO, ITU, U.N., UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: under $100 per capita Agriculture: crops-coconut and shortages-rice, wheat Fishing: catch 37,500 metric tons (1974) Major industries: fishing; some coconut processing Electric power: 4,000 kW capacity (1975); 6 million kWh produced (1975), 45 kWh per capita Exports: $2 million (f.o.b., 1973); fish Imports: $3 million (c.i.f., 1973) Major trade partner: Sri Lanka Aid: U.K. (1960-65), $1.4 million drawn; Sri Lanka (1967), $1 million committed; Japan and India (amounts not known) Fiscal year: calendar year Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: minimal domestic and international telecommunication facilities; 350 telephones; 2,460 radio sets; 1 AM station Atlantic Ocean IVORY COAST LAND 1,204,350 km2; only about a fourth of area arable, forests negligible, rest sparse pasture or desert Land boundaries: 7,459 km PEOPLE' Population: 5,815,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (7-72 to 7-73) Nationality: noun-Malian(s); adjective-Malian Ethnic divisions: 99% native African including tribes of both Berber and Negro descent Religion: 90% Muslim, 9% animist, 1% Christian Language: French official; several African languages, of which Mande group most widespread Literacy: under 5% Labor force: approximately 100,000 salaried, 50,000 of whom are employed by the government; most of population engaged in agriculture and animal husbandry Organized, labor: UNTM, which claimed all eligible employees, dissolved; thirteen national unions currently directed by a government controlled Coordination Committee of Mali Trade Unions (CCSM) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Mali Type: republic; under military regime since November 1968 Capital: Bamako Political subdivisions: 6 administrative regions; 42 administrative districts (cercles), arrondissements, villages; all subordinate to central government Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1974 but not scheduled to come into full effect until 1980; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Section of Court of State; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction t Branches: executive authority exercised by Military Committee of National Liberation (MCNL) com- posed of 11 army officers; under MCNL functional cabinet composed of civilians and army officers; judiciary Government leaders: Col. Moussa Traore, President of MCNL, Chief of State and head of government Suffrage: universal over age 21 Political parties and leaders: political activity proscribed by military government but government in process of forming new single party called ,, the Democratic Union of Malian People (UDPM) Elections: MCNL promises elections at unspecified date I Communists: a few Communists and some sympathizers 1 Member of: AFDB, APC, CEAO, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, OMVS (Organization for the Development of I the Senegal River Valley), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about $420 million (1975), $70 per capita; annual real growth rate 2.1% (1972-75) Agriculture: main crops-millet, sorghum, rice, corn, peanuts; cash crops-peanuts, cotton, livestock Fishing: catch 90,000 metric tons (1974) Major industries: small local consumer goods and processing - Electric power: 37,000 kW capacity (1975); 90 million kWh produced (1975), 15 kWh per capita Exports: $60 million (f.o.b., 1974); livestock, peanuts, dried fish, cotton, skins Imports: $183 million (c.i.f., 1974); textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, machinery, and sugar Major trade partners: mostly with franc zone and Western Europe; also with U.S.S.R., China Budget: 1976 est. balanced at $110 million Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Monetary conversion rate: 484.47 Mali francs= Us$1, July 1976 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 644 km meter gage (1.00 m), Highways: approximately 13,208 km;r 1,642 km bituminous, 2,967 km gravel and improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,815 km navigable Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 42 total, 38 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 10 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system poor and provides only minimum service to government, business, and public; open-wire and radiocommunication used for long distance telecommunications; radio sometimes only link to outlying points; 7,800 telephones; 81,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,334,000; 749,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $19,419,900; about 18% of central government budget MALTA LAND 313 km2; 45% agricultural, negligible amount forested, remainder urban, waste, or other (1965) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing 20 nm) Coastline: 140 km PEOPLE Population: 320,000 (official estimate for 31 December 1975) Nationality: noun-Maltese (sing. and adjective-Maltese pl. ); Ethnic divisions: mixture of Arab, Sicilian, Norman, Spanish, Italian, British Religion: 98% Roman Catholic Language: English and Maltese Literacy: about 83%; compulsory education introduced in 1946 Labor force: 102,000; 29% services, 23% government, 24% manufacturing, 6% agriculture, 4% construction, 4% transportation and communications, 5% utilities and drydocks; 5% unemployed Organized labor: approximately 40% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Malta Type: parliamentary democracy, independent republic within the Commonwealth since December 1974 Capital: Valletta Political subdivisions: 2 main populated islands, Malta and Gozo, divided into 13 electoral districts (divisions) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1961, came into force 1964; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reser- vations Branches: executive, consisting of Prime Minister and cabinet; legislative, comprising 65-member House of Representatives; independent judiciary Government leader: Prime Minister Dom Mintoff Suffrage: universal over age 18; registration required Elections: at the discretion of the Prime Minister, but must be held before the expiration of a 5-year electoral mandate; last election September 1976 Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Party, Georgio Borg Olivier; Malta Labor Party, Dom Mintoff Voting strength (1976 election): Labor, 34 seats (51.54%); Nationalist, 31 seats (48.43%) Communists: less than 100 (est.) Member of: Commonwealth, Council of Europe, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $367 million (1975 est.), $1,140 per capita; 63% private consumption, 37% gross investment; real growth has averaged about 7% per year in recent past, in 1975 real growth was about 3.5% est. Agriculture: overall, 20% self-sufficient; adequate supplies of vegetables, poultry, milk and pork products; shortages in beef, grain, animal fodder, and .fruits at various seasons; main products-potatoes, cauliflowers, grapes, wheat, barley, tomatoes, citrus, Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 MALTA/MARTINIQUE cut flowers, green peppers, hogs, poultry, eggs; 2,680 calories per day per capita Major industries: ship repair yard, building industry, food manufacturing, textiles, tourism Shortages: most consumer and industrial needs (fuels and raw materials) must be imported Electric power: 120,000 kW capacity (1975); 337 million kWh produced (1975), 1,150 kWh per capita Exports: $163 million (f.o.b., 1975); textiles, scrap metal, wine, agricultural products, and footwear Imports: $362 million (c.i.f., 1975) Major trade partners: 67% EC-nine (26% U.K., 18% West Germany, 14% Italy); 10% Communist countries; 5% U.S. (1975) Aid: economic-U. S., $54 million (FY49-75), $10.1 million in 1974, and $9.5 million in 1975; Agreement (loans and grants) (1964-74), $140 million; U.N. Special Fund, $2.2 million through FY72; U.N, Technical Assistance, $1.4 million through FY72; China, $45 million (1972) Budget: (1976/77) projects $252 million in expenditures, $235 million in revenues Monetary conversion rate: 1 Maltese pound= US$2.67 (Smithsonian Agreement), December 1971; the Maltese pound began floating in June 1972, with the rate being determined between that of sterling and that of the currencies of Malta's major trading partners; average trade conversion factor, year 1975: 1 Maltese pound=US$2.62 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,239 km; 1,128 km paved (asphalt), 79 km crushed stone or gravel, 32 km improved and unimproved earth Ports: 1 major (Valletta), 2 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft (both leased) Airfields: 4 total, 2 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: modern automatic tele- phone system centered in Valletta; 51,900 telephones; 140,000 radio and 75,000 television receivers; 1 TV, 5 AM, and 4 FM stations; 8 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 89,000; 67,000 fit for military service Supply: has received 2 patrol boats, small arms, and mortars from Libya; vehicles and engineer equipment from Italy Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, $7,792,248; about 6.8% of central government budget MARTINIQUE ? PUERTO RICO MARTINIQUE 0 LAND 1,100 km2; 31% cropland, 16% pasture, 29% forest, 24% wasteland, built on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 290 km PEOPLE Population: 353,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.1% (7-67 to 1-75) Nationality: noun-Martiniquais (sing. and pl. ); adjective-M artiniquais Ethnic divisions: 90% African and African- Caucasian-Indian mixture, less than 5% East Indian Lebanese, Chinese, 5% Caucasian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic, 5% Hindu and pagan African Language: French, Creole patois Literacy: over 70% Labor force: 100,000; 23% agriculture, 20% public services, 11% construction and public works, 10% commerce and banking, 10% services, 9% industry, 17% other Organized labor: 11% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Department of Martinique Type: overseas department of France; represented by 3 deputies in the French National Assembly and 2 Senators in the Senate Capital: Fort-de-France Political subdivisions: 2 arrondissements; 34 communes, each with a locally elected municipal council Legal system: French legal system; highest court is a court of appeal based in Martinique with jurisdiction over Guadeloupe, French Guiana, and Martinique Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Branches: executive, Prefect appointed by Paris; legislative, popularly elected council of 36 members and a Regional Council including all members of the local general council and the locally elected deputies and senators to the French parliament; judicial, under jurisdiction of French judicial system Government leader: Prefect Herve Bourseilleur Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: General Council elections coincide with those for the French National Assembly, normally every five years; last General Council election took place in March 1973; last local election held March 1976, last French Presidential election May 1974 Political parties and leaders: Union of Democrats for the Republic (UDR), Emile Maurice; Progressive Party of Martinique (PPM), Aime Cesaire; Communist Party of Martinique (PCM), Armand Nicolas; Democratic Union of Martinique (UDM), Leon-Laurent Valere; Socialist Party, leader unknown; Federation of the Left, leader unknown Voting strength: UDR, 2 seats in French National Assembly; PPM, 1 seat (1973 election) Communists: 1,000 estimated Other political or pressure groups: Proletarian Action Group (GAP), Socialist Revolution Group (GRS) Member of: WFTU ECONOMY GNP: $769 million (1975 at current prices), $2,220 per capita Agriculture: bananas, sugarcane, and pineapples .Major industries: agricultural processing, par- ticularly sugar milling and rum distillation; cement, oil refining and tourism Electric power: 32,000 kW capacity (1975); 155 million kWh produced (1975), 445 kWh per capita- Exports: $90 million (f.o.b., 1975); bananas, refined petroleum products, rum, sugar, pineapples Imports: $309 million (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs, clothing and other consumer goods, raw materials and supplies, and petroleum Major trading partners: exports-82% France, 9% Italy, 9% other; imports-70% France, 6% United States, 3% Netherlands Antilles, 3% Netherlands, 18% other (1968) Monetary conversion rate: 4.60 French francs= US$1 (1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,450 km; 1,000 km paved, 450 km gravel and earth .Ports: 1 major (Fort-de-France), 5 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: domestic facilities inade- quate; 31,700 telephones, inter-island VHF and UHF radio links; COMSAT ground station; 1 AM, 1 FM, and 5 TV stations; about 45,000 radio and 20,040 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, included in France Atlantic Ocean WESJERN SAHARA LAND 1,085,210 km2; less than 1% suitable for crops, 10% pasture, 90% desert Land boundaries: 5,118 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm (fishing, 36 nm) Coastline: 754 km PEOPLE Population: 1,371,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (7-72 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Mauritanian(s); adjective- Mauritanian Ethnic divisions: '/a Moor, 1/3 Moor/Negro Religion: nearly 100% Muslim Language: Hassaniya Arabic is the national language spoken by some 80% of the population, French is the working language for government and commerce Literacy: about 10% Labor force: about 35,000 wage earners (1976); remainder of population in farming and herding Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Organized labor: 18,000 union members claimed by single union, Mauritanian Workers' Union GOVERNMENT Legal name: Islamic Republic of Mauritania Type: republic; one-party presidential rule since 1960 Capital: Nouakchott Political subdivisions: 12 regions and a capital district NOTE: Mauritania has acquired administrative control of the southern third of Western (formerly Spanish) Sahara under an agreement with Morocco, but the legal question of sovereignty over the area has yet to be determined. Spain's role as co-administrator of the disputed territory ended last February. The newly acquired region, which lies below the 24th parallel, becomes the district of Tiris el Gharbia-a territorial division of the state. The district's headquarters is Dakhla, formerly Villa Cisneros. Tiris el Gharbia is subdivided into three departments- Dakhla, Ausert, and Aurgub. Legal system: based on French civil law system and Islamic law; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, President; separate judiciary (appointed by president) Government leader: President Moktar Ould Daddah Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: presidential and parliamentary election every 5 years; most recent October 1975 Political parties and leaders: Mauritanian Peoples Party is only legal party, Secretary General Moktar Ould Daddah Communists: no Communist Party, but there is a scattering of Maoist sympathizers Member of: AFDB, AIOEC, Arab League, CEAO, CIPEC (associate), EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO,, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: about $290 million (1975), $220 per capita, average annual increase in current prices about 3.2% (1971-73) Agriculture: most Mauritanians are nomads or subsistence farmers; main products-livestock, livestock, small grains, dates; cash crops-gum arabic; livestock Fishing: exports, 29,891 metric tons (1975) Major industries: mining of iron ore and copper, fishing Electric power: 46,000 kW capacity (1975); 95 million kWh produced (1975), 70 kWh per capita Exports: $168 million (f.o.b., 1975); iron ore, fish, copper Imports: $198 million (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs, capital goods Major trade partners: (trade figures not complete because Mauritania has a form of customs union with Senegal and much local trade unreported) France and other EC members, U.K., and U.S. are main overseas partners Budget: 1976 est. $139 million total expenditures, $11 million development expenditure included in $139 million total, $149 million revenue Monetary conversion rate: 45.90 Duguiya=US$1 as of July 1976 floating Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 644 km standard gage (1.435 m), single track, privately owned Highways: 6,090 km; 558 km paved; ,6G07 km gravel, crushed stone, or otherwise improved( 4,925 km unimproved Inland waterways: 800 km Ports: 1 major (Nouadhibou), 2 minor Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 30 total, 30 usable; 9 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: poor system of fragmentary open-wire lines, a minor radio-relay link, and radiocommunications stations; 1,300 telephones; 82,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 314,000; 152,000 fit for military service; conscription law not implemented Supply: primarily dependent on France; has also received material from Algeria, Morocco, U.K., and Spain Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976 (revised), $29 million; 22% of central government budget LAND 1,856 km2 (excluding dependencies); 50% agricultural, intensely cultivated; 39% forests, woodlands, mountains, river, and natural reserves; 3% built-up areas; 5% water bodies, 2% roads and tracks, 1% permanent wastelands Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 REUNION ? WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 177 km PEOPLE Population: 900,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.2% (7-72 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Mauritian(s); adjective- Mauritian Ethnic divisions: 67% Indians, 29% Creoles, 3.5% Chinese, 0.5% English and French Religion: 51% Hindu, 33% Christian (mostly Catholic with a few Anglican Protestants), 16% Muslim Language: English official language; Hindi, Chinese, French Creole Literacy: estimated 60% for those over 21, and 90% for .those of school age Labor force: 175,000; 50% agriculture, 6% industry; 20% government services; 14% are unemployed, under-employed, or self-employed, 10% other Organized labor: about 35% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Mauritius Type: independent state since 1968, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Port Louis Political subdivisions: 5 organized municipalities and various island dependencies Legal system: based on French civil law system with elements of English common law in certain areas; constitution adopted 6 March 1968 Branches: executive power exercised by Prime Minister and 21-man Council of Ministers; unicameral legislature (National Assembly) with 62 members elected by direct suffrage, 8 specially elected, and one nominated Government leader: Prime Minister Dr. Seewoosa- gur Ramgoolam Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: last held in August 1967; next scheduled in 1972 postponed at least 4 years by constitutional amendment, election now expected to be held in late 1976 Political parties and leaders: a loose government coalition consisting of Labor Party (S. Ramgoolam) and Muslim Committee of Action (A. R. Mohamed); opposition parties-Parti Mauricien Social Democrate (G. Duval), Independent Forward Bloc (S. Bissoon- doyal), Mauritius Democratic Union (M. Lesage), Mouvement Militant Mauritian (P. Berenger), Mouvement Militant Mauritian Socialiste Progressist (D. Virahsawmy) Voting strength: Muslim Committee of Action, 4 seats; Independent Forward Bloc, 4 seats; Mauritius Labor Party, 41 seats; Mauritius Democratic Union, 5 seats; Parti Mauricien Social Democrate, 15 seats; Mouvement Militant Mauritian Socialiste Progressist, 1 seat; 1 seat vacant Communists: may be 2,000 sympathizers; several Communist organizations; Mauritius Lenin Youth Organization, Mauritius Women's Committee, Mauritius Communist Party, Mauritius People's Progressive Party, Mauritius Young Communist League, Mauritius Liberation Front, Chinese Middle School Friendly Association; Mauritius/USSR Friendship Society Other political or pressure groups: Tamil United Party, Mauritius Workers Party Member of: Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO,- IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC- Inernational Wheat Council, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $380 million (1975), $430 per capita; real growth (1970-75), 8% Agriculture: sugar crop is major economic asset; about 40% of land area is planted to sugar; most food imported-rice is the staple food-and since cultivation is already intense and expansion of cultivable areas is unlikely, heavy reliance on food imports except sugar and. tea will continue Shortage: land Industries: mainly confined to processing sugarcane, tea; some small-scale, simple manufac- tures; tobacco fiber; some fishing; tourism, diamond cutting, weaving and textiles, electronics Electric power: 81,000 kW capacity (1975); 248 million kWh produced (1975), 280 kWh per capita Exports: $305 million (f.o.b., 1975); mainly sugar, tea, molasses Imports: $330 million (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs 30%, manufactured goods about 25% Major trade partners: all EC-nine countries and U.S. have preferential treatment, U.K. buys over 50% Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 of Mauritius' sugar export at heavily subsidized prices; small amount of sugar exported to Canada, U.S., and Italy; imports from U.K. and EC primarily, also from South Africa, Australia, and Burma; some minor trade with China Budget: revenues $172 million, current ex- penditures $168 million, investment expenditure $65 million (1976) Monetary conversion rate: 6.7 Mauritian rupees=US$1 in August 1976 (floating with pound sterling) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 1,770 km; 1,593 km paved, 177 km earth Civil air: no major transport aircraft Ports: 1 major (Port Louis) Airfields: 6 total, 5 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: radio telegraph service with Reunion, Malagasy Republic, Seychelles, Zanzibar, and other places in Africa; 1 AM, no FM, and 4 TV stations; 22,600 telephones; 160,000 radio and 40,250 TV sets; submarine cables extend to Republic of South Africa and Seychelles Islands DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 203,000; 104,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1973, $3,981,038; 6.5% of central government budget MEXICO LAND 1,978,800 km2; 12% cropland, 40% pasture, 22% forested, 26% other (including waste, urban areas and public lands) Land boundaries: 4,220 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 9,330 km PEOPLE Population: 63,192 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Mexican(s); adjective- Mexican Ethnic divisions: 60% mestizo, 30% Indian or predominantly Indian, 9% white or predominantly white, 1 % other Religion: 97% nominally Roman Catholic, 3% other Language: Spanish Literacy: 65% estimated; 84% claimed officially Labor force (1973): 15.7 million (defined as those 12 years of age and older); 39.5% agriculture, 16.7% manufacturing, 16.6% services, 16.8% construction, utilities, commerce, and transport, 3% government, 7.4% unspecified activities Organized labor: 20% of total labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Mexican.States Type: federal republic operating in fact under a centralized government Capital: Mexico Political subdivisions: 31 states, Federal District Legal system: mixture of U.S. constitutional theory and civil law system; constitution established in 1917; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: dominant executive, bicameral legisla- ture, Supreme Court Government leader: President Jose Lopez-Portillo Suffrage: universal over age 18; compulsory but unenforced Elections: congressional elections July 1979 Political parties and leaders: Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI), Porfirio Munoz Ledo; National Action Party (PAN), Manuel Gonzalez Hinojosa; Popular Socialist Party (PPS), . Jorge Cruickshank Garcia; Authentic Party of the Revolution (PARM), Pedro Gonzalez Azcuaga Voting strength: 1976 presidential election: 98.7% PRI (unopposed), 1.3% other; 1976 congressional election: 80.2% PRI; 8.5% PAN; 5.8% other opposition (votes cast for PPS, PARM, and unregistered candidates), 5.4% annulled Communists: estimated 5,000 in Communist Party Other political or pressure groups: Roman Catholic Church, Confederation of Mexican Workers (CTM), Confederation of Industrial Chambers (CONCAMIN), Confederation of National Chambers of Commerce (CONCANACO), National Confedera- Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 tion of Campesinos (CNC), National Confederation of Popular Organizatic is (CNOP), Revolutionary Confederation of Workers and Peasants (CROC) Member of: FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, LAFTA, NAMUCAR (Carribean Multinational Shipping Line-Naviera Multinacional del Caribe), OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $78.6 billion (1975), $1,350 per capita; 74% private consumption, 7% public consumption, 21% domestic investment (1974 est.); net foreign balance -2%; real growth rate 1975, 4% est.; real growth rate 1966/75, 6.3% Agriculture: main crops-corn, cotton, wheat, coffee, sugarcane, sorghum, oilseeds, pulses, and vegetables; general self-sufficiency with minor exceptions in meat and dairy products; caloric intake, 3,110 calories per day per capita (1968) Fishing: catch 451,330 metric tons (1975); exports valued at $104,126,000, imports at $16,784,000 (1974) Major industries: processing of food, beverages, and tobacco; chemicals, basic metals and metal products, petroleum products, mining, textiles and clothing, and transport equipment Crude steel: 5.5 million metric tons capacity (1975); 5.25 million metric tons produced (1975); 90 kg per capita Electric power: 13,300,000 kW capacity (1975); 43.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 830 kWh per capita Exports: $3,309 million (f.o.b., 1975); cotton, coffee, nonferrous minerals (including lead and zinc), sugar, shrimp, petroleum, sulfur, salt, cattle and meat, fresh fruit and tomatoes Imports: $6,580 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, equipment, industrial vehicles, and intermediate goods Major trade partners: exports-60% U.S., 10% EC, 4% Japan (1975); imports-62% U.S., 17% EC, 5% Japan Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $1,564 million in loans; $164.7 million in grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $3,357 million; from other. Western countries (1960-66), $122.7 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $14 million Budget: 1975 est. federal, revenues $8,246 million, expenditures $11,610 million Monetary conversion rate: floating, presently being supported at 19.7 pesos=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 19,680 km; 18,576 km standard gage (1.435 m); 1,104 km narrow gage (0.914 m); 102 km electrified; 19,573 km government-owned, 107 km privately-owned Inland waterways: 2,900 km navigable rivers and coastal canals Pipelines: crude oil, 3,880 km; refined products, 3,360 km; natural gas, 5,580 km Ports: 9 major, 20 minor Civil air: 110 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,667 total, 1,653 usable; 127 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 242 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 9 seaplane stations Telecommunications: highly developed telecom system with extensive radio relay links; connection into Central American microwave net; communica- tion satellite ground station; 2.96 million telephones, about 19.0 million radio and 4.9 million TV receivers, 573 AM, 109 FM, and 163 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 13,449,000; 10,280,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 700,000 Military budget: for year ending 31 December 1976, $728.6 million; about 4.4% of direct federal budget (includes merchant marine and military industry) LAND 1.5 km2 Land boundaries: 3.7 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 4.1 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 PEOPLE Population: 25,000 (official estimate for 31 July 1975) Nationality: noun-Monacan(s) or Monegas- guie(s); adjective-Monacan or Monegasque Ethnic divisions: Rhaetian stock Religion: Roman Catholicism is official state religion Language: French Literacy: almost complete GOVERNMENT Legal name: Principality of Monaco Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Monaco Political subdivisions: 4 sections Legal system: based on French law; new constitution adopted 1962; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: National Council (18 members); Communal Council (15 members, headed by a mayor) Government leader: Prince Rainier III Suffrage: universal Elections: National Council every 5 years; most recent 1973 Political parties and leaders: National Democratic Entente, Democratic Union Movement, Monegasque Actionist (1973) Voting strength: figures for 1973: National Democratic Entente, 16 seats; Democratic Union Movement and Monegasque Actionist, 1 seat each Member of: IAEA, IHO, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: 55% tourism; 25%-30% industry (small and primarily tourist oriented); 10%-15% registration fees and sales of postage stamps; about 4% traceable to the Monte Carlo casino Major industries: chemicals, food processing, precision instruments, glassmaking, printing Electric power: 8,000 (standby) kW capacity (1975); 80 million kWh supplied by France (1975), 2,000 kWh per capita Trade: full customs integration with France, which collects and rebates Monacan trade duties Monetary conversion rate: 1 franc=US$0.2333 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1.609 km (see France) Highways: none; city streets Ports: 1 minor Civil air: no major aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: served by the French communications system; automatic telephone system with about 22,550 telephones; 2 AM, 1 FM, and 1 TV station; 13,000 radio and 16,500 TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES France responsible for defense LAND 1,564,619 km2; almost 90% of land area.is pasture or desert wasteland, varying in usefulness, less than 1% arable, 10% forested Land boundaries: 8,000 km PEOPLE Population: 1,513,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Mongolian(s); adjective- Mongolian Ethnic divisions: 90% Mongol, 4% Kazakh, 2% Chinese, 2% Russian, 2% other Religion: predominantly Tibetan Buddhist, about 4% Muslim, limited religious activity because of Communist regime Languages: Khalkha Mongol used by over 90% of population; minor languages include Turkic, Russian, and Chinese Literacy: about 80% Labor force: primarily agricultural, over half the population is in the labor force, including a large percentage of Mongolian women; shortage of skilled labor (no reliable information available) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Mongolian Peoples Republic Type: Communist state Capital: Ulaanbaatar Political subdivisions: 18 provinces and 2 autonomous municipalities (Ulaanbaatar and Darhan) Legal system: blend of Russian, Chinese, and Turkish systems of law; new constitution adopted Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 1960; no constitutional provision for judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Ulaanbaatar State University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: constitution provides for a People's Great Hural (national assembly) and a highly centralized administration Party and government leaders: Y. Tsedenbal, First Secretary of the MPRP and Chairman of the People's Great Hural; J. Batmunh, Chairman of the Council of Ministers Suffrage: universal; age 18 and over Elections: national assembly elections held every 4 years; last elections held in June 1973 Political party: Mongolian People's Revolutionary (Communist) Party (MPRP); estimated membership, 58,000 (claimed 1972) Member of: CEMA, ESCAP, IAEA, ILO, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY Agriculture: livestock raising predominates; main crops-wheat, oats, barley Industries: processing of animal products; building materials; mining Exports: beef for slaughter meat products, wool, fluorspar, other minerals Imports: machinery and equipment, petroleum, clothing, building materials sugar, and tea Major trade partners: nearly all trade with Communist countries (approx. 80% with U.S.S.R.); total turnover over $600 million (1974) Aid: heavily dependent on U.S.S.R. Monetary conversion rate: 3.31 tugriks=US$1 (arbitrarily established) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,516 km; all broad gage (1.524 m) (1975) Inland waterways: 616 km of principal routes (1975) Freight carried: rail-6.4 million metric tons, 2,312 million metric ton/km (1974); highway-10.6 million metric tons, 735.8 million metric ton/km (1974) DEFENSE FORCES Supply: military equipment supplied by U.S.S.R. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, 268 million tugriks, 10% of total budget MOROCCO LAND 409,200 km2; about 32% arable and grazing land, 17% forest and esparto, 51% desert, waste, and urban WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 1,835 km PEOPLE Population: 18,090,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.0% (7-71 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Moroccan(s); adjective- Moroccan Ethnic divisions: 99.1% Arab-Berber, 0.2% Jewish, 0.7% non-Moroccan Religion: 98.7% Muslim, 1.1% Christian, 0.2% Jewish Language: Arabic (official); several Berber dialects; French is language of much business, government, diplomacy, and postprimary education Literacy: 20% Labor force: 6.3 million (1971 est.) 50% agriculture, 15% industry, 26% services, 9% other Organized labor: about 5% of the labor force, mainly in the Union of Moroccan Workers (UMT) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Morocco Type: constitutional monarchy (constitution adopted 1972) Capital: Rabat Political subdivisions: 28 provinces and 2 prefectures NOTE: Morocco has acquired the northern two- thirds of the former Spanish Sahara under an agreement with Mauritania, but the legal question of sovereignty over the area has yet to be determined. Spain's role as co-administrator of the disputed territory ended last February. Rabat has established three provinces in its area of control, with headquarters at El Aaiun, Semara, and Cabo Bojador. Legal system: based on Islamic law and French and Spanish civil law system; judicial review of Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of Supreme Court; modern legal education at branches of Mohamed V University in Rabat and Casablanca and Karaouine University in Fes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: constitution provides for Prime Minister and ministers named by and responsible to King; King has paramount executive powers; unicameral legislature in abeyance until elections are held (two- thirds to be directly elected, one third indirectly); judiciary independent of other branches Government leaders: King Hassan II; Prime Minister Ahmed Osman Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: last parliamentary elections held 21 and 28 August 1970 for Council of Representatives which was dissolved in March 1972; elections for new parliament created by Constitution adopted 15 March 1972 have not been held Political parties. and leaders: Istiqlal Party, M'hamed Boucetta; Popular Movement (MP), Mahjoubi Aherdan; Constitutional and Democratic Popular Movement (MPCD), Dr. Abdelkrim Khatib; National Union of Popular Forces (UNFP), split into competitive factions under Abdallah Ibrahim and Mahjoub Ben Seddik of. Casablanca-based faction and Abderrahim Bouabid of Rabat-based faction with latter becoming Socialist Union of Popular Forces (USFP) in September 1974; Democratic Constitu- tional Party (PDC), Mohamed Hassan Ouazzani; Party for Progress and Socialism (PPS), legalized in August 1974, successor to Party for Progress and Socialisim (PPS), is front for Moroccan Communist Party (MCP), which was proscribed in 1959, Ali Yata; Istiqlal and the UNFP formed a National Front in July 1970 to oppose the new constitution, boycotted the parliamentary elections and the 1972 constitu- tional referendum Voting strength: August 1970 elections were nonpolitical; 1 March 1972 constitutional referendum tallied 98.7% for new constitution, 1.25% opposed and National Front abstained from voting Communists: 300 est. Member of: AFDB, Arab League, EC (association until 1974), FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC1. ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $6.9 billion (1975), almost $400 per capita; average annual real growth 4% during 1970-73, 9% in 1974, and under 3% in 1975 Agriculture: cereal farming and livestock raising predominate; main. products-wheat, barley, citrus fruit, wine, vegetables, olives; some fishing. Fishing: catch 288,142 metric tons (1974); exports $78.8 million (1974) Major sectors: mining and mineral processing (phosphates, smaller quantities of iron, manganese, lead, zinc, and other minerals), food processing, textiles, construction and tourism Electric power: 795,000 kW capacity (1975); 2.8 billion kWh produced (1975), 158 kWh per capita Exports: $1,540 million (f.o.b., .1975); 55% phosphates, 25% agricultural goods, 20% other Imports: $2,570 million (c.i.f., 1975); 42% raw material and semi-finished goods, 24% food, 20% equipment, 14% consumer goods Major trade partners: exports-32% France, 8% West Germany, 8% Italy, 7% Benelux, 2% U.K.; imports-31% France, 8% U.S., 7% West Germany, 6% Italy (1972) Monetary conversion rate: 4.51 dirhams=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,756 km standard gage (1.435 m), 149 km double track; 793 km electrified Highways: 52,304 km; 18,299 km bituminous treated, 5,681 km gravel, crushed stone, and improved earth, 28,324 km unimproved earth Pipelines: 362 km crude oil; 491 km (abandoned) refined products; 241 km natural gas Ports: 8 major (including Spanish-controlled Ceuta and Melilla), 10 minor Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft Airfields: 82 total, 79 usable; 23 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 34 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: superior system by African standards composed of open-wire lines, coaxial, multiconductor and submarine cables and radio-relay links; principal centers Casablanca and Rabat, secondary centers Fes, Marrakech, Oujda, Sebaa Aioun, Tangier and Tetouan; 189,000 telephones; 1.6 million radio and 460,000 TV receivers; 18 Moroccan AM, 1 Voice of America AM, 3 FM, 27 TV stations; 2 submarine cables; 1 satellite. ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,916,000; 2,328,000 fit for military service; about 192,000 reach military age (18) annually; limited conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $339,248,800; 8.7% of central government budget MOZAMBIQUE LAND 786,762 km2; 30% arable, of which 1% cultivated, 56% woodland and forest, 14% wasteland and inland water Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 2,470 km PEOPLE Population: 9,294,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.0% (7-71 to 7-72) Nationality: noun-Mozambican(s); adjective- Mozambique Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, less than 1% European and Asian Religion: 65.6% animist, 21.5% Christian, 10.5% Muslim, 2.4% other Language: Portuguese (official); many tribal dialects Literacy: 7%-10% (est.) Labor force: (1963 est.) 610,000; 50,000 non- African wage earners, 560,000 African wage earners in Mozambique; 290,000 additional African wage earners temporarily working in Rhodesia and South Africa; unemployment serious problem; most native Africans provide unskilled labor or remain in subsistence agricultural sector Organized labor: approx. 47,000 (end of 1970); 75% are white GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Republic of Mozambique Type: peoples republic; achieved independence from Portugal in June 1975 Capital: Maputo Political subdivisions: 10 districts administered by district governors; municipalities governed by, appointed official Legal system: based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law Branches: none established Government leader: President Samora Machel; Vice-President Marcelino dos Santos Suffrage: not yet established Elections: information not available on future election schedule Political parties and leaders: the Mozambique Liberation Front (FRELIMO), led by Samora Machel, is only legal party Communists: none known Member of: OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $2.3 billion (1972), about $250 per capita; average annual growth probably negative in 1975-76 Agriculture: cash crops-raw cotton, cashew nuts, sugar, tea, copra, sisal; other crops-corn, wheat, peanuts, potatoes, beans, sorghum, and cassava; self- sufficient in food except for wheat which must be imported Major industries: food processing (chiefly sugar, tea, wheat, flour, cashew kernels); chemicals (vegetable oil, oilcakes, soap, paints); petroleum products; beverages; textiles; nonmetallic mineral products (cement, glass, asbestos, cement products); tobacco Electric power: 440,000 kW capacity (1975); 588 million kWh produced (1975), 66 kWh per capita Exports: $302 million (f.o.b., 1974 prelim.); cashew nuts, cotton, sugar, mineral products, timber products, tea, copra, petroleum products Imports: $470 million (f.o.b., 1974 prelim.); machinery and electrical equipment, cotton textiles, vehicles, petroleum products, wine, iron and steel Major trade partners: over one-third of foreign trade with Portugal; South Africa, U.S., U.K., West Germany Aid: mainly from Portugal Budget: (FY76) expenditures, $310 million, revenues, $237 million Monetary conversion rate: 31.39 escudos = US$1 as of July 1976; plans to issue Mozambique currency soon Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,144 km; 3,003 km 1.065-meter gage; 141 km narrow gage (0.750 m) Highways: 32,200 km; 2,800 km paved; remainder earth Inland waterways: approx. 3,750 km of navigable routes Pipelines: crude oil, 306 km Ports: 3 major (Maputo, Beira, Nacala), 2 significant minor Civil air: 13 major transport aircraft Airfields: 330 total, 324 usable; 28 with permanent-surface runways; 6 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m; 39 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 MOZAMBIQUE/NA UR U/NEPAL DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,244,000; 1,163,000 fit for military service Supply: mostly from the USSR and PRC, and to a lesser extent from other Communist countries and Portugal Pacific Ocean . a?~ Coral Sea e? LAND 21.2 km2; insignificant arable land, no urban areas, extensive phosphate mines WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 24 km PEOPLE Population: 7,000 (official estimate for 30 June 1969) Nationality: noun-Nauruan(s); adjective- Nauruan Ethnic divisions: 48% Nauruans, 19% Chinese; 7% Europeans, 26% other Pacific Islanders Religion: Christian (2/3 Protestant, 1/3 Catholic) Language: Nauruan, a distinct Pacific Island tongue; English, the language of school instruction, spoken and understood by nearly all Literacy: nearly universal GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Nauru Type: republic; independent since January 1968 Capital: no capital city per se; government offices in Uaboe District Political subdivisions: 14 districts Branches: President elected from and by Parliament for an unfixed term; popularly elected unicameral legislature, the Parliament; Cabinet'to assist the President, four members, appointed by President from Parliament members Government leader: President Hammer De Roburt Suffrage: universal adult Elections: last held in January 1971 Political parties and leaders: there are no political parties; De Roburt is only significant political figure Member of: no present plans to join U.N.; enjoys "special membership" in Commonwealth; South Pacific Commission, ESCAP, INTERPOL, ITU, UPU ECONOMY GNP: over $120 million (1975), $17,140 per capita (est.) Agriculture: negligible; almost completely dependent on imports for food, water Major industries: mining of phosphates, about 2 million tons per year Electric power: 9,000 kW capacity (1975); 24 million kWh produced (1975), 3,429 kWh per capita Exports: $120 million (f.o.b., 1975 est.); consisting entirely of phosphates Imports: $5 million (c.i.f., FY70) Major trade partners: exports-75% Australia and New Zealand; imports-Australia, U.K., New Zealand, Japan Monetary conversion rate: 1 Australian dol- lar=US$1.2375 (July 1976) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 27 km; 21 km paved, 6 km improved earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1, coral-surfaced, 5,620 ft. Telecommunications: adequate intraisland and international radiocommunications provided via Australian facilities; 630 telephones; 3,600 radio receivers, 1 AM, no FM and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 1,800; fit for military service, about 1,000; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 1975-79, less than 100 No formal defense structure and no regular armed forces LAND 141,400 km2; 16% agricultural area, 14% permanent meadows and pastures, 38% alpine land (unarable), waste, or urban; 32% forested Land boundaries: 2,800 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 PEOPLE Population: 13,006,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.2% (6-71 to 6-74) Nationality: noun-Nepalese (sing. and pl.); adjective-Nepalese Ethnic divisions: two main categories, Indo- Nepalese (about 80%) and Tibeto-Nepalese (about 20%), representing considerable intermixture of Indo- Aryan and Mongolian racial strains; country divided among many quasi-tribal communities Religion: only official Hindu Kingdom in world, although no sharp distinction between many Hindu and Buddhist groups; small groups of Muslims and Christians Language: 20 mutually unintelligible languages divided into numerous dialects; Nepali official language and lingua franca for much of the country; same script as Hindi Literacy: about 12% Labor force: 4.1 million; 95% agriculture, 5% industry; great lack of skilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Nepal Type: constitutional monarchy; King Birendra exercises autocratic control over multitiered panchayat system of government Capital: Kathmandu Political subdivisions: 75 districts, 14 zones Legal system: based on Hindu legal concepts and English common law; legal education at Nepal Law College in Kathmandu; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Council of Ministers appointed by the King; indirectly elected National Panchayat (Assembly) Government leader: King Birendra Bir Bikram Shah Deva; Prime Minister Tulsi Giri Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: village and town councils (panchayats) elected by universal suffrage; district, zonal, and National Panchayat members indirectly elected, most for 6-year terms; 15 National Panchayat members elected from five class and professional organizations (women, workers, peasants, youth, and ex-serv- icemen), four directly elected by all voters possessing a B.A. or its equivalent, and 16 are appointed by the King Political parties and leaders: all political parties outlawed Communists: the combined membership of the two wings of the Communist Party of Nepal (CPN).about 6,500, the majority (perhaps 5,000) in the pro-Chinese wing; the CPN continues to operate more or less openly, but internal dissension has greatly hindered its effectiveness Other political or pressure groups: proscribed Nepali Congress Party led by B.P. Koirala from exile in India Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,398 million (FY75, at current prices), $110 per capita; 2.5% real growth in FY75 Agriculture: over 90% of population engaged in agriculture; main crops-rice, corn, wheat, sugarcane, oilseeds Major industries: small rice, jute, sugar, and oilseed mills; match, cigarette, and brick factories Electric power: 57,000 kW capacity (1975); 130 million kWh produced (1975), 10 kWh per capita Exports: $85.8 million est. (FY75); rice and other food products, jute, timber Imports: $170.8 million est. (FY75); manufactured consumer goods, fuel, construction -materials, food products Major trade partner: over 80% India Aid: economic-$35 million disbursements (FY75); principal donors: India, U.S., China, international agencies Budget: (FY76 est.) domestic revenue $94.6 million, expenditure $158.5 million Monetary conversion rate: 12.5 Nepalese rupees=US$1 (October 1975) Fiscal year: 15 July - 14 July COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 169 km, all narrow gage (0.762 ?m); mostly government owned; all in Terai close to Indian border; only 53 km sector from border to Bizalpura presently in use; a 45 km segment has been abandoned and 71 km utilized to transport rock from quarry near Dharau to Kosi Dam near Rajbiras Highways: 3,700 km; 1,666 km paved, 533 km gravel or crushed stone, 1,501 km improved and unimproved earth, 322 km of seasonally motorable tracks Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields: 54 total, 53 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: poor telephone and tele- graph service; good radiocommunication and broadcast service; international radiocommunication service is poor; 9,500 telephones, 80,000 radio and no TV sets, 3 AM, no FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,152,000; 1,558,000 fit for military service; 140,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 14 July 1977, $12.8 million; 6.2% of central government budget NETHERLANDS North DENMARK Sea ZJ NETHERLANDS} UNITED n~ 1 LAND 33,929 km2; 70% cultivated, 5% waste, 8% forested, 8% inland water, 9% other Land boundaries: 1,022 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 451 km PEOPLE Population: 13,868,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Netherlander(s); adjective- Netherlands Ethnic divisions: 99% Dutch, 1% Indonesian and other Religion: 41% Protestant, 40% Roman Catholic, 19% unaffiliated Language: Dutch Literacy: 98% Labor force: 4.7 million; 30% manufacturing, 24% services, 16% commerce, 10% agriculture, 9% construction, 7% transportation and communications, 4% other; 4.8% unemployment (August 1975) Organized labor: 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of the Netherlands Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Amsterdam, but government resides at The Hague Political subdivisions: 11 provinces governed by centrally appointed commissioners of Queen Legal system: civil law system incorporating French penal theory; constitution of 1815 frequently amended, reissued 1947; judicial review in the Supreme Court of legislation of lower order than Acts of Parliament; legal education at six law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: executive, (Queen and Cabinet of Ministers), which is responsible to bicameral states general (parliament); independent judiciary Government leader: Head of State, Queen Juliana; Johannes den Uyl, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: must be held at least every 4 years for. lower house (next elections scheduled for May 25, 1977), and every 3 years for upper house (most recent March 1974) Political parties and leaders: Catholic People's Party (KVP), Dr. D. de Zeeuw; Antirevolutionary (ARP), A. Veerman; Labor (PvdA), Mrs. len Van Den Heuvel; Liberal (VVD), Mrs. H. van Sommeren- Downer; Christian Historical Union (CHU), Otto W. A. Barou Van Verschuer; Democrats '66 (D-66), Jan ter Brink; Communist (CPN), Henk Hoekstra; Pacifist Socialist (PSP), P. A. Burggraff; Political Reformed (SGP), H. G. Abma; Reformed Political Union (GVP), G. Veurink; Radical Party (PPR), Marcel Van Dam; Democratic Socialist '70 (DS-70), Fred L. Polak; Farmers' Party (BP), Hendrik Koekoek; Roman Catholic Party (RKPN), leader unknown Voting strength (1972 election): 17.7% KVP, 14.4% VVD, 8.8% ARP, 4.8% CHU, 27.4% PvdA, 4.2% D-66, 4.1% DS-70, 4.5% CPN, 1.5% PSP, 4.8% PRP, 2.2% SGP, 1.8% GVP, 1.9% BP, .9% RKP Communists: 9,000 members; 329,973 votes in 1972 election Other political or pressure groups: great multinational firms; Socialist, Catholic, and Protestant trade unions; Federation of Catholic and Protestant Employers Associations; the non- denominational Federation of Netherlands Enter- prises Member of: ADB, Benelux, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council (with respect to interests of the Netherlands Antilles and Surinam), NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WEU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $80.4 billion (1975, in 1975 prices), $5,900 per capita; 58% consumption, 21% investment, 19% government; 2% foreign balance; average growth rate, 4% in constant prices (1966-75) Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates; main crops-horticultural crops, grains, potatoes, sugar beets; food shortages-grains, fats, oils; calorie intake, 3,186 calories per day per capita (1970-71) Fishing: catch 310,000 metric tons, $185 million (1975); exports 213,639 metric tons, imports 106,031 metric tons (1975) Major industries: food processing, metal and engineering products, electrical and electronic machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum products, and natural gas Shortages: crude petroleum, raw cotton, base metals and ores, pulp, pulpwood, lumber, feedgrains, and oilseeds Crude steel: 6.1 million metric ton capacity; 4.8 million metric tons produced (1975), 350 kg per capita Electric power: 16,491,000 kW capacity (1975); 54.3 billion kWh produced (1975), 4,200 kWh per capita Exports: $35,002 million (f.o.b., 1975); foodstuffs, machinery, chemicals, petroleum products, natural gas, textiles Imports: $34,522 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, transportation equipment, crude petroleum, food- stuffs, chemicals, raw cotton, base metals and ores, pulp Major trade partners: (1975) 63% EC, 28% West Germany, 13% Belgium-Luxembourg, 6% U.S. Aid: economic-U.S., $1,400 million authorized (FY46-75); IBRD, $236 million authorized (FY46-74), none since 1958; military-U.S., $1,284 million authorized (FY49-75), none since FY65; net official aid delivered to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $3.6 billion (FY62-75), $600 million (1975) Budget: (1976) revenues $24.8 billion, expenditures $30.8 billion, deficit $6.0 billion Monetary conversion rate: 2.5292 guilders= US$1, average 1975, floating Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,979 km, standard gage (1.435 m); 2,813 km government-owned (NS), 1,638 km electrified, 1,556 km double track; 166 km privately- owned Highways: approximately 100,960 km including 1,440 km of limited access, divided "Motorways"; about 82,240 km paved (bituminous, concrete, stone block) and 2,720 km unpaved (gravel, crushed stone, stabilized earth) Inland waterways: 6,340 km, of which 35% is usable by craft of 900 metric ton capacity or larger Pipelines: 418 km crude oil; 965 km refined products; 4,489 km natural gas Ports: 8 major, 5 minor Civil air: 105 major transport aircraft Airfields: 27 total, 26 usable; 16 with permanent- surface runways; 13 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed, ex- cellently maintained, and well integrated; extensive system of multiconductor cables, supplemented by radio-relay links; 5.1 million telephones; 9 million radiobroadcast and 3.67 million TV receivers; 5 AM, 12 FM, and 13 TV stations; 12 coaxial submarine cables; communications satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,421,000; 3,071,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually 116,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $2,888 million; about 10% of central government budget NETHERLANDS ANTILLES DOM. Atlantic ?cean Cho N LAND 1,020 km2; 5% arable, 95% waste, urban, or other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 364 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES PEOPLE Population: 245,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.5% (1-74 to 1-75) Nationality: noun-Netherlands Antillean(s); adjective-Netherlands Antillean Ethnic divisions: racial mixture with African, Caribbean Indian, European, Latin, and oriental influences; negroid characteristics are dominant on Curacao, Indian on Aruba Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; sizable Protestant, smaller Jewish minorities Language: officially Dutch; "Papiamento," a Spanish-Portuguese-Dutch-English dialect predomi- nates; English widely spoken Literacy: 95% Labor force: 76,000 (1972); 2% agriculture, 20% industry, 10% construction, 65% government and services, 3% other Organized labor: 60%-70% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Netherlands Antilles Type: territory within Kingdom of the Netherlands, enjoying complete domestic autonomy Capital: Willemstad, Curacao Political subdivisions: 4 island territories-Aruba, Bonaire, Curacao, and the Windward Islands-St. Eustatius, southern part of St. Martin (northern part is French), Saba Legal system: based on Dutch civil law system, with some English common law. influence; Consti- tution adopted 1954 Branches: federal executive power rests nominally with Governor (appointed by the Crown), actual power exercised by 8-member Council of Ministers or Cabinet presided over by Minister-President; legislative power rests with 22-member Legislative Council; independent court system under control of Chief Justice of Supreme Court of justice (administra- tive functions under Minister of justice); each island territory has island council headed by Lieutenant Governor Government leaders: Minister-President Juan Evertsz Suffrage: universal age 18 and over Elections: Federal elections held every 4 years, last held August 1973; Island council elections every 4 years, last held April and May 1975 Political parties and leaders: political parties are indigenous to each island: Curacao: National People's Party-United (NVP- U), Juan Evertsz; Frente Obrero de Liberation' 30 di Mayo (FOL), Wilson "Papa" Godett; Social Democratic Party (PSD), R. J. Isa; Democratic Party (DP), S. G. M. Rozendaal Aruba: People's Electoral Movement (MEP), G. F. "Betico" Croes; Aruban Patriotic Party (PPA), L. 0. Chance; Aruban People's Party (AVP), D. G. Croes Bonaire: Labor Party (POB); Democratic Party Bonaire (UPB); New Democratic Action (ADEN) Windward Islands: Windward Islands Demo- cratic Party (DPWI); United Federation of Antillean Workers (UFA); Windward Islands Political Movement (WIPM); and others Voting strength: (1973 federal election) NVP-U, 5 seats; MEP, 5 seats; FOL, 3 seats; PPA, 3 seats; PSD, 3 seats; DP, 1 seat; DPB, 1 seat; DPWI, 1 seat Communists: no Communist Party Member of: EC (associate), WCL, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $280 million (1975 est.), $1,150 per capita; real growth rate, -1% (est.) Agriculture: little production Major industries: petroleum refining on Curacao and Aruba; tourism on Curacao, Aruba, and St. Martin; light manufacturing on Curacao and Aruba Electric power: 295,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1975), 6,700 kWh per capita Exports: $3,230 million (f.o.b., 1974); petroleum products, phosphate Imports: $3,601 million (c.i.f., 1974); crude petroleum, food manufactures Major trade partners: exports-64% U.S., 7% EC, 5% Canada; imports-61% Venezuela, 12% U.S., 6% Netherlands (1972) Budget: (1972) public sector revenues, $177 million; public sector expenditures, $188 million Monetary conversion rate: 1.8 Netherlands Antillean florins (NAF)=US$1, official Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 950 km; 300 km paved, 650 km gravel and earth Ports: 3 major (Willemstad, Oranjestad, Caracas- baai, Bullennbaai); 6 minor Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 7 total, all usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: generally adequate telecom facilities; extensive interisland radio relay links; 40,000 telephones, 132,000 radio and 35,000 TV receivers, 11 AM and 5 TV stations, 5 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 58,000; 33,000 fit for military service; about 2,000 reach military age (20) annually Defense is responsibility of the Netherlands Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 NEW CALEDONIA LAND . 22,015 km!; 6% forests, 57% waste WATER cultivable, 22% pasture land, 15% or other Limits of. territorial (fishing, 3 nm) Coastline: 2,254 km PEOPLE Population: 146,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.8% (7-61 to 7-74) Nationality: noun-New Caledonian(s); adjec- tive-New Caledonian Ethnic divisions: Melanesian-Polynesian admix- ture, over 28,000 Europeans of French extraction Religion: natives 90% Christian Language: Melanesian-Polynesian dialects Literacy: unknown Labor force: size unknown; Javanese ..and Tonkinese laborers were imported for plantations and mines in pre-World War II period; immigrant labor now coming from Wallis Islands, New Hebrides, and French Polynesia Organized labor: unorganized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Territory of New Caledonia Type: French overseas territory; represented in French parliament by one deputy and one Senator Capital: Noumea Political subdivisions: 4 islands or island group dependencies-Isle of Pines, Loyalty Islands, Huon Islands, Island of New Caledonia Legal system: French law Branches: administered by Governor, who is also High Commissioner for France in the Pacific; responsible to French Ministry for Overseas France and Governing Council; Assemblee Territoriale Government leader: Jean Risterucci, Governor and French High Commissioner Suffrage: restricted (1957 election roll listed 32,370 males and females over 21 years of age, of whom 18,964 were classed as indigenous inhabitants) Elections: Assembly elections in 1972 Political parties: Union Caledonienne, Entente Democratique et sociale, Union Multiraciale, Mouvement Liberal Caledonien, Union Democra- tique, Mouvement Populaire Caledonien Voting strength (1972 election): 12 seats Union Caledonienne; 6 seats Entente Sociale et Democra- tique; 5 seats Union Multiraciale; 5 seats Mouvement Liberal Caledonien; 4 seats Union Democratique; 2 seats Mouvement Populaire Caledonien; 1 seat Caledonie Francaise Communists: number unknown; Union Caledoni- enne strongly leftist; some politically active Communists were deported during 1950's; small number of North Vietnamese Other political parties and pressure groups: several lesser parties Member of: EIB (associate), WFTU ECONOMY GNP: $193 million, $1,800 per capita (1971 est.) Agriculture: large areas devoted to cattle grazing; major products-coffee and vegetables; 60% self sufficient in beef; must import grains and vegetables Industry: mining of nickel Electric power: 320,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1975), 13,236 kWh per capita Exports: $289 million (f.o.b., 1975); 99% nickel Imports: $348 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, transport equipment, food Major trade partners: (1972) exports-55% France, 24% Japan, 11% U.S.; imports-52% France, 13% Australia, 12% rest of EEC Monetary conversion rate: 86 CFP francs=US$1 (1972) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 5,159 km; 367 km paved, 1,300 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized surface, 797 km improved earth, 2,696 km earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 major (Noumea), 21 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 31 total, 31 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 airfield over 2,440 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 17,092 telephones; 60,000 radio and 15,000 TV sets; 1 AM, no FM, and 5 TV stations; 1 earth satellite station Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 NEW HEBRIDES D BRITISH Ocean SOLOMON O o ISLANDS NEW HEBRIDES?, LAND About 14,763 km2 NEW CALEDONIA WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 2,528 km PEOPLE Population: 98,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (7-68 to 7-74) Nationality: noun-New Hebridean(s); adjec- tive-New Hebrides Ethnic divisions: 92% indigenous Melanesian, 3% European, remainder Vietnamese, Chinese, and various Pacific Islanders Religion: most at least nominally Christian Literacy: probably 10%-20% GOVERNMENT Legal name: New Hebrides Condominium Type: Anglo-French condominium Capital: Vila Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: 3 sets of courts; one each for French and British subjects, one for New Hebrides native affairs Branches: Representative Assembly, 42 members, elected November 1975, has not met Government leader: two resident commissioners, one French, Robert Gaugier; one British, John Champion Political parties and leaders: National Party, chairman Walter Lini; NA Griamel Party, leader Jimmy Stevens; Mouvement d'Action des Nouvelles Hebrides (MANH) ECONOMY Agriculture: export crops of copra, cocoa, coffee, some livestock and fish production; subsistence crops of copra, taro, yams Electric power: 4,000 kW capacity (1975); 12 million kWh produced (1975), 124 kWh per capita Exports: $27 million (1974); 24% copra, 59% frozen fish Imports: $44 million (1974) Monetary conversion rate: 1 pound=US$2.37 (official currency), 0.74 Australian $=US$1, 86 Colonial Franc Pacifique (CFP)=US$1 (1972) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: at least 240 km sealed or all-weather roads Inland waterways: none Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Telecommunications: 3 AM broadcast stations; 11,000 radio receivers, and 900 telephones DEFENSE FORCES Personnel: no military forces maintained, however, the French and British maintain constabularies of about 70 men each LAND 268,276 km2; 3% cultivated, 50% pasture; 10% parks and reserves; 20% waste, water, etc., 1% urban, 16% forested; 4 principal islands, 2 minor inhabited islands, several minor uninhabited islands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: about 15,134 km PEOPLE Population: 3,203,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.7% (1-75 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-New Zealander(s); adjective- New Zealand Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Ethnic divisions: 93% European, 7% Maori Religion: 90% Christian, 9% none or unspecified; 1% Hindu, Confucian, and other Literacy: 98% Labor force: 1,207,700; 13% agriculture, 33% manufacturing and construction, 9% transportation and communications, 24% commerce and finance, 21% administrative and professional; unemployment 5.7% (1976) Organized labor: 52% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Dominion of New Zealand (rarely used) Type: independent state within Commonwealth, recognizing Elizabeth II as head of state Capital: Wellington Political subdivisions: 112 counties Legal system: based on English law, with special land legislation and land courts for Maori tribesmen; constitution consists of various documents, including certain acts of the U.K. and New Zealand Parliaments; legal education at Victoria, Auckland, Canterbury, and Otago Universities; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: unicameral legislature (General As- sembly, commonly called Parliament); Cabinet responsible to Parliament; 3-level court system (Magistrates' Courts, Supreme Court, and Court of Appeal) Government leader: Prime Minister Robert D. Muldoon Suffrage: universal age 18 and over Elections: held at 3 year intervals or sooner if parliament is disolved by Prime Minister; last election November 1975 Political parties and leaders: National Party (Government), Robert D. Muldoon; Labour Party (Opposition), Wallace E. Rowling; Social Credit Political League, Bruce Beetham; Communist Party, George Victor Wilcox; pro-Soviet Socialist Unity Party, George Edward Jackson Voting strength (1975 election): National Party 55 seats, Labour Party 32 seats Communists: CPNZ about 300, SUP about 100 Member of: ADB, ANZUS, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, DAC, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $11.7 billion (1974), $3,870 per capita; real average annual growth (1969-74) 3.8% Agriculture: fodder and silage crops about one-half of area planted in field crops; main products-wool, meat, dairy products; New Zealand is food surplus country; caloric intake, 3,500 calories per day per capita (1964) Fishing: catch 69,100 metric tons (1974) Major industries: food processing, textile production, machinery, transport equipment; wood and paper products Electric power: 4,900,000 kW capacity (1975); 19.7 billion kWh produced (1975), 6,254 kWh per capita Exports: $2.1 billion including re-exports (f.o.b., trade year 1975); principal products (trade year 1975)-27% meat, 17% dairy products, 15% wool Imports: $3.7 billion (c.i.f., trade year 1975); 29% machinery, 23% manufactured goods, 11% chemicals (trade year 1975) Major trade partners: (trade year 1975) exports- 22% U.K., 12% U.S.,, 12% Japan, 11% Australia; imports-19% Australia, 19% U.K., 14% Japan, 13% U. S. Aid: gross official aid deliveries to LDC and multilateral agencies FY75, $80.1 million Budget: expenditures, 3,827 million NZ$, receipts, 3,330 million NZ$ (FY75) Monetary conversion rate: NZ$1=US$0.9947, July 1976 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March NOTE: trade data are for year ending 30 June 1975; trade year and fiscal year do not correspond COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,799 km; all 1.067-meter gage; 274 km double track; 113 km electrified; over 99% government owned Highways: 92,374 km (1974); 44,940 km paved, 47,434 km gravel or crushed stone Inland waterways: 1,609 km; of little importance to transportation Pipelines: natural gas, 785 km Ports: 3 major Civil air: 42 major transport aircraft Airfields: 189 total, 185 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 in, 48 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: excellent international and domestic systems; 1,500,000 telephones; 2,700,000 radio and 799,000 TV sets; 60 AM stations in 31 cities, no FM, 4 TV stations, and 129 repeaters; submarine cables extend to Australia and Fiji Islands; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 737,000; 624,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 27,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, $223.4 million; about 3.5% of central government budget Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 NICARAGUA LAND 147,900 km2; 7% arable, 7% prairie and pasture, 50% forest, 36% urban, waste, or other Land boundaries: 1,220 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 200 nm; continental shelf, including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 910 km PEOPLE Population: 2,263,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Nicaraguan(s); adjective- Nicaraguan Ethnic divisions: 69% mestizo, 17% white, 9% Negro, 5% Indian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish (official); small English- speaking minority on Atlantic coast Literacy: 50% of population 10 years of age and over Labor force: 713,000 (1975 est.); 50% agriculture, 12% manufacturing, 14% services, 24% other; shortage of skilled labor, but underemployment of un- skilled labor except during harvest Organized labor: about 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Nicaragua Type: republic Capital: Managua Political subdivisions: 1 national district and 16 departments Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; constitution adopted in 1974; legal education at Universidad Nacional de Nicaragua and Universidad Centroamericana; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion Branches: President (traditionally dominant) bicameral legislature, judiciary elected by legislature, and Supreme Electoral Tribunal (4th branch) Government leaders: President Anastasio Somoza Suffrage: universal over age 18 if married or literate, otherwise 21 Elections: every 6 years; municipal elections every 3 years Political parties and leaders: Nationalist Liberal Party (PLN), Anastasio Somoza; Nicaraguan Conservative Party (PCN), Edmundo Paguaga Voting strength (1974 elections): PLN, 95% of votes; 5% of votes; PCN will, however, occupy 40% of legislative seats by constitutional provision Communists: Communist movement split into hard-line Nicaraguan Socialist Party (PSN) illegal, 60 members; soft-line Nicaraguan Communist Party (PCN) illegal, 40 members, and small pro-Castro Sandinist National Liberation Front (FSLN) activist, 50-150 members; about 1,000 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Union of Liberation (UDEL), an opposition front lacking legal status of a political party, composed of anti-Somoza political movements and labor groups with orientations ranging from conservative to Christian Democrat to Communist, leadership includes Pedro J. Chamorro, Ramiro Sacasa, Ignacio Zelaya, Domingo Sanchez; Nicaraguan Development Institute (INDE), a private sector pressure group with two operative arms: FUNDE and EDUCREDITO which, respectively, promote cooperatives and disburse educational loans Member of: CACM, FAO, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, INTELSAT, IPU, ISO, ITU, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Ship-ping Line-Naviera Multi- nacional del Caribe), OAS, ODECA, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,591 million (1975 est.), $740 per capita; 75% private consumption, 9% government consump- tion, 29% domestic investment, -13% net foreign balance (1974); real growth rate 1975, 2.1% est. Agriculture: main crops-cotton, coffee, sugar- cane, rice, corn, beans, cattle; caloric intake, 2,300 calories per day per capita (1966) Fishing: catch 16,700 metric tons (1974); exports valued at $14.8 million (1975) Major industries: food processing, chemicals, metal products, textiles and clothing Electric power: 280,000 kW capacity (1975); 810 million kWh produced (1975), 410 kWh per capita Exports: $375 million (f.o.b., 1975); cotton, coffee, chemical products, meat, sugar Imports: $517 million (c.i.f., 1975); food and non- food agricultural products, chemicals and phar- Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 maceuticals, transportation equipment, machinery, construction materials, clothing, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-27% U.S., 25% CACM, 48% other; imports-32% U.S., 22% CACM, 46% other (1975) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $191 million loans, $84 million grants; international organizations (FY46-73), $266 million; military- from U.S. (FY46-73), $26 million Monetary conversion rate: 7 cordobas=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 352 km; 320, km 1.065-meter gage, government owned; 32 km narrow gage, privately owned Highways: 12,900 km; 1,350 km paved, 5,150 km otherwise improved, 6,400 km unimproved Inland waterways: 2,220 km, including 2 large lakes Pipelines: crude oil, 56 km Ports: 4 major (Corinto, Puerto Cabezas, Puerto Somoza, San Juan del Sur), 6 minor Civil air: 11 major transport aircraft Airfields: 420 total, 413 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 8 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: low-capacity wire and radio-relay network; connection into Central American microwave net; satellite ground station; 22,000 telephones; 700,000 radio and 81,000 TV receivers; 75 AM, 30 FM, and 7 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 541,000; 331,000 fit for military service; 24,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $24.8 million for the Ministry of Defense, including civil functions (e.g., police and civil air); 7.8% of central government budget LAND 1,266,510 km2; about 3% cultivated, perhaps 20% somewhat arable, remainder desert Land boundaries: 5,745 km PEOPLE Population: 4,792,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Nigerien (sing. and adjective-Niger Ethnic divisions: main Negroid groups 75% (of which, Hausa 50%, Djerma and Songhai 21%); Caucasian elements include Tuareg, Toubous, and Tamacheks; mixed group includes Fulani Religion: 80% Muslim, remainder largely animists and a very few Christians Language: French official, many African lan- guages; Hausa used for trade Literacy: about 6% Labor force: 26,000 wage earners; bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and animal husbandry Organized labor: negligible GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Niger Type: republic; military regime in power since April 1974 Capital: Niamey Political subdivisions: 7 departments, 32 arrondissements Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law;. constitution adopted 1960, suspended 1974; judicial review of legislative acts in Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive authority exercised by Supreme Military Council (SMC) composed of army officers; cabinet includes civilians Government leader: Lt. Col. Seyni Kountche, President of Supreme Military Council and Chief of State Suffrage: suspended Elections: political activity banned Political parties and leaders: political parties banned Communists: no Communist party; some sympa- thizers in outlawed Sawaba party Member of: AFDB, APC, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 NIGER/NIGERIA ECONOMY GDP: $454 million (1975 est.), $100 per capita Agriculture: commercial-peanuts, cotton, live- stock; main food crops-millet, sorghum, niche beans, vegetables Major industries: cement plant, brick factory, rice mill, small cotton gins, oil presses, slaughterhouse, and a few other small light industries; uranium production began in 1971 Electric power: 18,000 kW capacity (1975); 55 million kWh produced (1975), 10 kWh per capita Exports: $126 million (est. f.o.b., 1975); about 60% peanuts and related products, rest largely livestock, hides, skins; exports understated because much regional trade not recorded Imports: $188 million (est. c.i.f., 1975); fuels, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, consum- er goods (largely for European residents) Major trade partners: France (over 50%), other EC countries, Nigeria, UDEAC countries, U.S.; preferential tariff to EC and franc zone countries Aid: economic-France (1960 to mid-1967), $68 million; EC (FY61-73), $100 million; U.S. (FY61-75), $59 million; West Germany, Israel, Republic of China, and U.N. have also extended aid; military- of $2.8 million (1954-68) Budget: projected to balance at about $108 million (1976) Monetary conversion rate: about 248.22 Com- munaute Financiere Africaine=US$1 as of August 1976, floating Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none - Highways: approx. 6,944 km; 1,313 km bitumi- nous, 2,550 km gravel, 3,081 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: Niger River navigable 300 km from Niamey to Gaya on the Dahomey frontier from mid-December through March Ports: Niger landlocked; outlet to sea is Cotonou, Dahomey Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 66 total, 63 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; I with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: sparse system of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and small radiocommunica- tions stations; principal telecommunication center Niamey; 3,300 telephones; 100,000 radio and 500 TV receivers; 9 AM stations, no FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES . .Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,093,000; 584,000 fit for military service; about 45,000 reach military age (18) annually ' . LAND 924,630 km2; 24% arable (13% of total land area under cultivation), 35% forested, 41% desert, waste, urban, or other Land boundaries: 4,034 km WATER. Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 30 nm Coastline: 853 km PEOPLE Population: 65,628,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Nigerian(s); adjective- Nigerian Ethnic divisions: 250 tribal groups, of which most important are Hausa-Fulani (north), Ibo and Yoruba (south); these 3 tribes total over 60% of population; about 27,000 non-Africans Religion: 47% Muslim, 34% Christian, 19% other Literacy: est. 25% Language: English official; Hausa, Yoruba, and Ibo also widely used Labor force: approx. 22.5 million; about 41% of total population; roughly 1.3 million wage earners, of whom 560,000 work in modern enterprises Organized labor: about 530,000 wage earners, approx. 2.4% of total labor force, belong to some 700 unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Federal Republic of Nigeria Type: federal republic since 1963; under military rule since January 1966 Capital: Lagos Political subdivisions: 19 states, headed by military governors Legal system: based on English common law, tribal law, and Islamic law; draft of proposed new Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 constitution, made public in October 1976, to be considered by a constituent assembly in October 1977; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations Branches: Federal Military Government; decrees issued by Supreme Military Council, advised by largely civilian Federal Executive Council Government leader: Lieutenant General Olusegun Obasanjo, Head of Federal Military Government and Commander in Chief of Nigerian Armed Forces Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: nonpartisan elections for local govern- ment councils scheduled for late 1976; the military has promised to restore power to an elected civilian regime when state and federal legislative elections are held between October 1978 and October 1979 Political parties and leaders: political parties and politically active tribal societies were dissolved by decree on 24 May 1966; some sub rosa political activity continues Communists: the banned Socialist Workers and Farmers Party and the Nigerian Trade Union Congress have a limited political following, no influence on government Member of: AFDB, APC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, Lake Chad Basin Commission, Niger River Commission, OAU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $26 billion (1975 current prices), $365 per capita; 6.7% growth rate (1970-75) Agriculture: main crops-peanuts, cotton, cocoa, rubber, yams, cassava, sorghum, palm kernels, millet, corn, rice; livestock; almost self-sufficient Fishing: catch 684,906 metric tons (1974); imports $10.7 million (1973) Major industries: mining-crude oil, natural gas, coal, tin, columbite; processing industries-oil palm peanut, cotton, rubber, petroleum, wood, hides, skins; manufacturing industries-textiles, cement, building materials, food products, footwear, chemical, printing, ceramics Electric power: 1,127,000 kW capacity (1975); 3.0 billion kWh produced (1975), 47 kWh per capita Exports: $8.0 billion (f.o.b., 1975); oil (93%), cocoa, palm products, rubber, timber, tin Imports: $5.3 billion (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and transport equipment, manufactured goods, chemicals Major trade partners: U.K., EC, U.S. Budget: FY76-77 proposed-current revenue $9.1 million, current and capital expenditures $8.8 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 Naira=US$1.60 (official) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,508 km 1.067-meter gage Highways: 89,318 km; 15,300 km paved (mostly bituminous surface treatment); remainder laterite, gravel, crushed stone, improved earth Inland waterways: 8,575 km consisting of Niger and Benue rivers and smaller rivers and creeks; additionally, the newly formed Kainji Lake has several hundred miles of navigable lake routes Pipelines: 1,207 km crude oil; 97 km natural gas; 5 km refined products Ports: 2 major (Lagos/Apapa, Port Harcourt), 10 minor Civil air: 17 major transport aircraft Airfields: 91 total, 76 usable; 15 with permanent- surface runways; 5 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 24 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: composed of radio-relay links, open-wire lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal center Lagos, secondary centers Ibadan and Kaduna; 111,500 telephones; 5 million radio and 100,000 TV receivers; 25 AM, 6 FM, and 8 TV stations; 2 submarine cables; 1 satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,970,000; 8,537,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually 700,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, $2.4 billion; about 16% of central government budget LAND Norway: 323,750 km2; Svalbard, 62,160 km2; Jan Mayen, 373 km2; 3% arable, 2% meadows and pastures, 21% forested, 74% other Land boundaries: 2,579 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: mainland 3,419 km; islands 2,413 km (excludes long fjords and numerous small islands and minor indentations which total as much as 16,093 km overall) PEOPLE Population: 4,037,000, (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.5% (1-75 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Norwegian(s); adjective- Norwegian Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population, small Lappish minority Religion: 96% Evangelical Lutheran, 4% other Protestant and Roman Catholic, 1% other Language: Norwegian, small Lapp and Finnish- speaking minorities Literacy: 99% Labor force: 1.7 million; 11.4% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 25.3% mining and manufacturing, 8.1% construction, 16.3% commerce, 9.9% transporta- tion and communication, '28.5% services; 1.4% unemployed Organized labor: 60% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Norway Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Oslo Political subdivisions: 19 counties, 404 communes, 47 towns Legal system: mixture of customary law, civil law system, and common law traditions; constitution adopted 1814, modified 1884; Supreme Court renders advisory opinions to legislature when asked; legal education at University of Oslo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: legislative authority rests jointly with Crown and parliament (Storting); executive power vested in Crown but exercised by cabinet responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 5 superior courts, 104 lower courts Government leaders: King Olav V; Prime Minister Odvar Nordli Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 20 Elections: held every 4 years (next in September 1977) Political parties and leaders: Anti-Tax Party, Arve Loennum; Conservative, Kaare Willoch; Christian People's, Lars Korvald; Center, Erland Steenberg, Dagfinn Vaarvik; Liberal, Hans H. Rossbach, Eva Kolstad; New Liberal People's, Ole Myrvoll, Magne Lerheim; Labor, Reiulf Steen; combined Socialist Left Party, Bent Aas, chairman Voting strength (1973 election): 5% Anti-tax; 17.5% Conservative; 12.2% Christian Peoples; 11% Center; 3.5% Liberal; 3.4% New Liberal Peoples; 35.3% Labor; 11.2% Socialist Electoral Alliance (includes Democratic Socialist, Socialist People's, and Communist Party) Communists: 2,500 est.; a number of sympathizers as indicated by the 22,500 Communist votes cast in the 1969 election Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA (associate member), IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC- International Wheat Council, NATO, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $24.6 billion in 1975 (at 1974 prices), $6,130 per capita; 52.3% private consumption; 33.8% investment; 16.5% government; net foreign balance -2.6%; 1975 growth rate 5.1%, in constant prices Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates; main crops-feed grains, potatoes, fruits, vegetables; 40% self-sufficient; food shortages-food grains, sugar; caloric intake, 2,940 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: catch 2.3 million metric tons (1975); value $343 million (1975); exports $397 million Major industries: food processing, shipbuilding, wood pulp, paper products, metals, chemicals Shortages: most raw materials with the exception of timber, petroleum, iron, copper, and ilmenite ore, dairy products and fish Crude steel: 914,000 metric tons produced (1975), 230 kg per capita Electric power: 16,580,000 kW capacity (1975); 78 billion kWh produced (1975), 17,000 kWh per capita Exports: $7,265 million (f.o.b., 1975); principal items-metals, pulp and paper, fish products, ships, chemicals, oil Imports: $9,719 million (c.i.f., 1975); principal items-foodstuff, ships, fuels, motor vehicles, iron and steel, chemical compounds, textiles Major trade partners: 47.1% EC (15.8% U.K., 13.2% West Germany, 6.4% Denmark); 17.8% Sweden; 6.6% U.S.; 4.0% Sino-Soviet countries (1975) Aid: economic-U.S., $707 million authorized (FY46-75); IBRD, $145 million authorized through 1975, none since 1964; net official economic aid delivered to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $134.2 million (1960-69); $36.8 million (1970); $42.4 million (1971), $63 million (1972), $87 million (1973), $133 million (1974), $174 million Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 (1975), $232 million (proposed for 1976); military- U.S., $944 million authorized (FY46-75) Budget: (1976) revenues $7.4 billion, expenditures $8.9 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 kroner=US$0.1914 (1975) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,257 km standard gage (1.435 m); Norwegian State Railways (NSB) operates 4,241 km (2,440 km electrified and 91 km double track); 16 km privately-owned and electrified Highways: 73,600 km; 14,400 km paved, 59,200 km crushed stone and gravel Inland waterways: 1,577 km; 1.5-2.4 in draft vessels maximum Pipelines: refined products, 53 km Ports: 9 major, 69 minor Civil air: 60 major transport aircraft Airfields: 98 total, 97 usable; 49 with permanent- surface runways; 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 16 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 20 seaplane stations Telecommunications: high-quality domestic and international telephone, telegraph, and telex service; 1.43 million telephones; 2.2 radiobroadcast and 1.15 million TV receivers; 29 AM, 357 FM, and 740 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; COMSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 921,000; 748,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually, 31,000 OMAN LAND About 212,380 km2; negligible amount forested, remainder desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 1,384 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 50 nm) Coastline: 2,092 km PEOPLE Population: 525,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) . Nationality: noun-Omani(s); adjective-Omani Ethnic divisions: almost entirely Arab with small groups of Iranians, Baluchis, and Indians Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: very low GOVERNMENT 'Legal name: Sultanate of Oman Type: absolute monarchy; nominally independent but under strong U.K. influence Capital: Muscat Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; no constitution; ultimate appeal to the Sultan; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Government leader: Sultan Qabus ibn Said Al Bu Sa' id Other political or pressure groups: Popular Front for the Liberation of Oman (PFLO) Member of: Arab League, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $900 million (1974 est.), $1,840 per capita est. Agriculture: based on subsistence farming (fruits, dates, cereals, cattle, camels), fishing, and trade Major' industries: petroleum discovery in 1964; production began in 1967; production 1975, 340,000 b/d; pipeline capacity, 400,000 b/d; revenue for 1975 est. at $1.1 billion Electric power: 65,000 kW capacity (1975); 185 million kWh produced (1975), 365 kWh per capita Exports: mostly petroleum; non-oil exports (mostly agricultural), $3 million (1975) Imports: $675.7 million (1975) Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., other European, Gulf states, India, Australia, China, Japan Aid: bilateral assistance pledged, $134 million in 1974, IBRD $8 million; aid commitment by Oman, $39 million to miltilateral institutions Budget: (1976 projected) revenues $1.754 billion, expenditures $1.857 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 Riyal Omani= US$2.90 (as of October 1973) ' Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 2,816 km; ,5 km bituminous surface, 2,811 km motorable track Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Pipelines: crude oil 370 km Ports: 1 major (Qaboos), 6 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 154 total, 147 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 runway over 3,660 m, 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 51 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: limited facilities of open- wire, radio-relay and radiocommunications stations; 1 satellite ground station; 4,300 telephones; 1 AM, no FM, no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 121,000; 70,000 fit for military service PAKISTAN LAND 803,000 km2 (includes Pakistani part of Jammu- Kashmir); 40% arable, including 24% cultivated; 23% unsuitable for cultivation; 34% unreported, probably mostly waste; 3% forested Land boundaries: 5,900 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 50 nm; plus right to establish 100 nm conservation zones beyond territorial sea) Coastline: 1,046 km PEOPLE Population: 73,452,000, excluding Junagardh, Manavadar, Gilgit, Baltistan, and the disputed area of Jammu-Kashmir (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.0% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Pakistani(s); adjective- Pakistani Religion: 97% Muslim, 3% other Language: official, Urdu; total spoken languages- 7% Urdu, 64% Punjabi, 12% Sindhi, 8% Pushtu, 9% other; English is lingua franca Literacy: about 14% Labor force: 12.7 ? million (est. 1961); 60% agriculture, 16% industry, 7% commerce, 15% service, 2% unemployed Organized labor: 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan Type: parliamentary, federal republic; constitution adopted April 1973, effective August 1973, provides for bi-cameral legislature, strong prime minister Capital: Islamabad Political subdivisions: 4 provinces-Punjab, Sind, Baluchistan, and Northwest Frontier-with the capital territory of Islamabad and certain tribal areas centrally administered; Pakistan claims that Azad Kashmir is independent pending a settlement of the dispute with India, but it is in fact under Pakistani control Legal system: based on English common law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Government leaders: President Fazal Elahi Chaudhry; Prime Minister Z. A. Bhutto Suffrage: universal from age 21 Elections: elections for National Assembly, based on one-man/one-vote formula, and for provincial assemblies were held in December 1970; under 1973 Constitution, next National Assembly elections must be held no later than summer of 1977 Political parties and leaders: Pakistan People's Party (PPP), Z. A. Bhutto; Pakistan Muslim League (QML), Abdul Qaiyum Khan; Pakistan Muslim League-Pir of Pagaro group (PML); Tehrik-i- Istiqulal, Asqhar Khan; National Awami Party (NAP), Abdul Wali Khan (party outlawed in February 1975); National Democratic Party (NDP), Sherbaz Mazari (formed in 1975 by members of outlawed NAP); Jamaat-i-Islami (JI), Tofail Mohammed; Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i-Pakistan (JUP), Maulana Shah Ahmed Noorani; Jamiat-ul-Ulema-i- Islam (JUI), Mufti Mahmud; Pakistan Jarnhoori Party (PJP), Nasrullah Khan; several of these parties belong to United Democratic Front ' (UDF), an opposition coalition Communists: party membership very small; sympathizers estimated at several thousand Other political or pressure groups: military remains potentially strong political force Member of: ADB, CENTO, Colombo Plan, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, RCD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 ECONOMY GDP: $12.2 billion (FY76) at exchange rate of 9.9 rupees=US$1 prevailing June 1973, $170 per capita; real growth, 5% (FY76) Agriculture: extensive irrigation; main crops- wheat and cotton; foodgrain shortage, 1.5 million tons imported in FY75 Fishing: catch 184,100 metric tons (1975) Major industries: cotton textiles, food processing, tobacco, engineering, chemicals, natural gas Electric power: 2,730,000 kW capacity (1975); 11.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 158 kWh per capita Exports: $1,047 million (f.o.b., FY75); cotton (raw and manufactured), rice Imports: $2,140 million (c.i.f., FY75); wheat, crude oil, machinery, transport equipment, chemicals Major trade partners: U.S., U.K., Japan, West Germany Budget: expenditures, FY77-current expenditures, $1,631 million; capital expenditures, $1,435 million Monetary conversion rate: 9.9 rupees=US$1 (since February 1973) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 7,489 km; 446 km meter gage (1.00 m), 6,431 km broad gage (1.676 m), 612 km narrow gage (0.762 m); 1,022 km double track; 286 km electrified; government-owned Highways: 63,567 km; 16,077 km paved, 12,862 km gravel, 1,843 km improved earth, 32,785 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 1,850 km Pipelines: 230 km crude oil; 1,931 km natural gas Ports: 1 major, 5 minor Civil air: 27 major transport aircraft Airfields: 110 total, 107 usable; 65 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 12,000 ft., 25 with runways 8,000-11,999 ft., 49 with runways 4,000-7,999 ft. Telecommunications: good international radio- communication service over CENTO microwave and intelsat satellite; domestic radiocommunications good in East Pakistan, poor in West Pakistan; broadcast service very good; 200,000 (est.) telephones; 1,100,000 radio and 250,000 TV sets; 20 AM, no FM, 5 TV stations, and 4 repeaters; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE Military manpower: males 15-49, 17,214,000; _9,914,000 fit for military service; 833,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977 $886 million; about 26% of central government budget LAND 75,650 km2 (excluding Canal Zone, 1,430 km2); 24% agricultural land (9% fallow, 4% cropland, 11% pasture), 20% exploitable forest, 56% other forests, urban, and waste Land boundaries: 630 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continental shelf including sovereignty over superjacent waters) Coastline: 2,490 km PEOPLE Population: 1,745,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.1% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Panamanian(s); adjective- Panamanian Ethnic divisions: 70% mestizo, 14% Negro, 9% white, 7% Indian and other Religion: over 90% Roman Catholic, remainder mainly Protestant Language: Spanish; about 14% speak English as native tongue; many Panamanians bilingual Literacy: 82% of population 10 years of age and over Labor force: 482,200 (1972 est.); 39.5% commerce, finance and services; 33.9% agriculture, hunting and fishing; 9.7% manufacturing and mining; 6.8% construction; 5% Canal Zone; 3.9% transportation and communications; 1.2% utilities; national average of 9-10% unemployed; shortage of skilled labor but an oversupply of unskilled labor Organized labor: 8.4% of labor force (1972 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Panama Type: republic Capital: Panama Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 1 intendancy Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Legal system: based on civil law system; constitution adopted in 1972; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Panama; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President (figurehead, subordinate to National Guard Commandant, General Omar Torrijos, who was granted special powers for 6 years by the Constitutional Assembly in 1972); popularly elected 'unicameral legislature (Correqimiento), which elects the President but which exercises few, if any, legislative powers and meets for one month each year; during the remainder of the year the National Legislative Council, the President, Vice President, Cabinet, and selected members of the Corregimiento exercise legislative functions; presidentially appointed Supreme Court Government leaders: Demetrio Lakas is Constitu- tional President and Chief of State, but subordinate to Gen. Omar Torrijos, the National Guard Comman- dant Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 21 Elections: elections for assembly of corregimientos Political parties and leaders: political parties suspended; Communist Party illegal but allowed to operate Voting strength: no parties were active in the 1972 elections Communists: 600 active and several hundred inactive members People's Party (PdP); 2,500 sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: National Council of Private Enterprise (CONEP) Member of: FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, IWC-Interna- tional Wheat council, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPEB, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $1,650 million (1974 est.), $1,020 per capita; 75% private consumption, 16% government con- sumption, 25% gross fixed investment, -16% net . foreign balance (1974); real growth (1975), 1.7% Agriculture: main crops-bananas, rice, corn, coffee, sugarcane; self-sufficient in most basic foods; 2,450 calories per day per capita (1969) Fishing: catch 66,000 metric tons (1974); exports $22.3 million (1973); imports $1.7 million (1973) Major industries: food processing, metal products, construction materials, petroleum products, clothing, furniture Electric power (including Canal Zone): 480,000 kW capacity (1975);.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 800 kWh per capita Exports: $278 million (f.o.b., 1975); bananas, petroleum products, shrimp, sugar, meat, coffee Imports: $795 million (f.o.b., 1975); manufactures, transportation equipment, crude petroleum, chemi- cals,. foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports-49% U.S., 16% Canal Zone, 6% West Germany, 5% Italy; imports- 26% U.S., 18% Ecuador, 11% Venezuela, 8% Colon Free Zone, 8% Saudi Arabia (1974) Aid: economic-from U.S. (FY46-75), $237 million loans, $171 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $266 million; from other Western countries (1960-71), $28.9 million; mili- tary-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $9 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 balboa=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 488 km; 77 km 1.524-meter gage, 171 km 0.914-meter gage; 240 km plantation feeder lines Highways: 7,160 km; 2,252 km paved, 1,850 km gravel or crushed stone, 3,057 km improved and unimproved earth; Panama Canal Zone 240 km; 230 km paved, 10 km gravel Inland waterways: 800 km navigable by shallow draft vessels; 82 km Panama Canal Pipelines: refined products, 96 km Ports: 2 major (Cristobal/Colon/Coco Solo, Balboa/Panama City), 10 minor Civil air: 21 major transport aircraft Airfields: (including Canal Zone) 143 total, 142 usable; 31 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 14 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: domestic and international telecom facilities well developed; connection into Central American microwave net; COMSAT ground station; 155,200 telephones; 600,000 radio and 250,000 TV receivers; 80 AM, 30 FM, and 13 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 377,000; 261,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $32.6 million; about 10% of central government budget LAND 475,369 km2 Land, boundaries: 966 km WATER Limits of territorial (fishing, 12 nm) waters (claimed): 3 nm 159 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 PEOPLE Population: 2,865,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-66 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Papua New Guinean(s); adjective-Papua New Guinean Ethnic divisions: predominantly Melanesian and Papuan, some Negrito, Micronesian, and Polynesian types Religion: over one-half of population nominally Christian (490,000 Catholic, 320,000 Lutheran, other Protestant sects); remainder animist Language: 700 indigenous languages; pidgin English and 2 or 3 native languages are linguae francae for over one-half of population; English spoken by 1% to 2% of population Literacy: 1%; in English, 0.1% Labor force: no available figures; mostly subsistence farmers GOVERNMENT Legal name: Papua New Guinea Type: independent state within Commonwealth recognizing Elizabeth II as head of state Capital: Port Moresby Political subdivisions: 18 administrative districts (12 in New Guinea, 6 in Papua) Legal system: based on English common law - Branches: executive-Executive Council; legisla- ture-House of Assembly (100 members, plus 4 appointed); judiciary-court system consists of Supreme Court of Papua New Guinea and various inferior courts (District Courts, Local Courts, Children's Courts, Wardens' Courts) Government leader: Governor General, Sir John Guise; Prime Minister, Michael Somare Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: ' preferential-type elections for 100- member House of Assembly every 4 .years Political parties: Pangu Party is principal political group; 5 or 6 other small parties and numerous independents Voting strength (1972 election): Pangu Party and Allies won 52 seats, United Party 42 seats, Independence 6 seats Communists: no significant strength Member of: ADB, CIPEC (associate), Common- wealth, ESCAP (associate), IBRD, IMF, U.N., WHO (associate) ECONOMY GNP: $1.5 billion (FY74 est.); real average annual growth rate (1969-74) 7% est. Agriculture: main crops-coconuts, coffee, cocoa, tea Major industries: sawmilling and timber process- ing, copper mining (Bougainville) Electric power: 285,000 kW capacity (1975); 650 million kWh produced (1975), 239 kWh per capita .Exports: $721 million (f.o.b., FY74); principal products-copper, coconut products, coffee beans, timber Imports: $365 million (f.o.b., FY74) Major trade partners: Australia, U.K., Japan Aid: economic-Australia, $1,158 million commit- ted (1976-81); World Bank group (1968-September 1969), $7.5 million committed; U.S. (FY70-74), $32.5 million extended Budget: (75-76) receipts 400 Australian dollars, expenditures 408 Australian dollars Monetary conversion rate:. Kina $1=A$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: approx. 16,936 km; about 9,500 km suitable for heavy and medium traffic, and about 7,436 km suitable for light traffic Inland waterways: 10,940 km Ports: 5 principal, 8 minor Civil air: 16 major transport aircraft Airfields: 534 total, 474 usable; 15 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m; 46 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 with runway 2,440 m-Nadzab; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: Papua New Guinea telecom services are adequate and are being improved; principal telecom centers include Goroka, Lae, Madang, Mount Hagen, and Wewak in New Guinea; and Daru, Port Moresby and Samarai in Papua; facilities provide radiobroadcast, radiotelephone and telegraph, coastal radio, aeronautical radio and international radiocommunication services; numerous privately owned radio facilities exist; submarine cables extend from Madang to Australia and Guam; Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 17,000 telephones, 110,000 radios, but no TV sets; 31 AM, no FM and no TV facilities DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 651,400; about 358,000 fit for military service Supply: dependent on Australia Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1976, $22.3 million; 4.3% of central government budget LAND 406,630 km2; 2% under crops, 24% meadow and pasture, 52% forested, 22% urban, waste, and other Land boundaries: 3,444 km PEOPLE Population: 2,764,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (current) . Nationality: noun-Paraguayan(s); adjective- Paraguayan Ethnic divisions: 95% mestizo, 5% white and Indian Religion: 97% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish and Guarani Literacy: officially estimated at 74% above age 10, but probably much lower (40%) Labor force: 800,000 (1971 est.); 55% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 8% transport and other services; 19% manufacturing and construction; 13% commerce and professions; 5% miscellaneous (est. 1962) Organized labor: about 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Paraguay Type: republic; under authoritarian rule Capital: Asuncion Political subdivisions: 16 departments and the national capital, 154 municipalities Legal system: based. on Argentine codes, Roman law, . and French codes; constitution promulgated 1967; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; legal education at National University of Asuncion and Catholic University of Our Lady of the Assumption; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President heads executive; bicameral legislature; judiciary headed by Supreme Court Government leader: President (General) Alfredo Stroessner Suffrage: universal; compulsory between ages of 18-60 Elections: President and Congress elected together every 5 years; last election held in February 1973 Political parties and leaders: Colorado Party, Juan Ramon Chavez; Liberal Party (Levi-Liberal Party), Carlos Levi Ruffinelli; Febrerista Party, Roque Gaona; Radical Liberal Party (regular Liberal Party), Domingo Laino; Christian Democratic Party (not officially inscribed), Livis Resck Voting strength (February ?1973 general elec- tion): 84% Colorado Party, 13% Radical Liberal Party, 3% Liberal Party, Febrerista Party boycotted elections Communists: Oscar Creydt faction and Miguel Angel Soler faction (both illegal); est. 3,000 to 4,000 party members and sympathizers in Paraguay, very few are hard core; party in exile is small and deeply divided Other political or pressure groups: Popular Colorado Movement (MoPoCo) led by Epifanio Mendez Fleitas, in exile Member of: FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $1.5 billion (1975, at current prices), $590 per capita; 82% consumption; 18% gross domestic investment (1975); real growth rate 1975, 5.0% Agriculture: main crops-oilseeds, cotton, wheat, manioc, sweet potatoes, tobacco, corn, rice, sugarcane; self-sufficient in most foods; caloric intake, 2,580 calories per day per capita (1963-64); protein intake, 70 grams per day per capita (20 grams of animal origin) Major industries: meat packing, oilseed crushing, milling, brewing, textiles, light consumer goods, cement Electric power: 280,000 kW capacity (1975); 500 million kWh produced (1975), 200 kWh per capita Exports: $176.4 million (f.o.b., 1975); meat, timber, oilseeds, tobacco, cotton, quebracho extract, hides, yerba mate, coffee Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Imports: $227.3 million (f.o.b., 1975); foodstuffs, machinery, transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, textiles, chemicals Major trade partners: 21% Argentina, 11% Brazil, 9% U.S., 9% West Germany, 9% U.K. Aid: economic assistance-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $96.4 million loans, $73.2 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $288.7 million; from other Western countries (1960-70), $21.9 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY57- 75), $26.4 million Monetary conversion rate: 126 guaranies=US$1 (official rate, June 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,043 km; 437 km standard gage (1.435 m), 136 km meter gage (1.00 m), 470 km various narrow gage (privately owned) Highways: 15,900 km; 600 km bituminous treated, 5,000 km otherwise improved, 10,300 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,100 km Ports: 1 major (Asuncion), 9 minor (all river) Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft Airfields: 923 total, 798 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 19 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: local telecom facilities in Asuncion good, intercity microwave net; 38,400 telephones; 750,000 radio and 60,000 TV receivers; 25 AM, 9 FM stations, and 1 TV station; COMSAT station under construction DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 637,000; 481,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching military age (17) annually, 31,000 LAND 1,284,640 km2 (other estimates range as low as 1,248,380 km2); 2% cropland, 14% meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 29% urban, waste, other Land boundaries,: 6,131 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 2,414 km PEOPLE Population: 16,027,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-61 to 6-72) Nationality: noun-Peruvian; adjective-Peruvian Ethnic divisions: 46% Indian; 38% mestizo (white- Indian); 15% white; 1% Negro, Japanese, Chinese January 1977 Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: Spanish, Quechua, Aymara Literacy: 45% to 50% Labor force: 5.0 million (1975);.42.1% agriculture, 17% services, 14% manufacturing, 9% trade, 4% construction, 4% transportation, 2% mining, 4% other Organized labor: 37.1% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Peru Type: republic; under military regime since October 1968 Capital: Lima Political subdivisions: 23 departments with limited autonomy plus constitutional Province of Callao Legal system: based on civil law system; military government rules by decree and functions under Revolutionary Statute which supersedes 1933 constitution; legal education at the National Universities in Lima, Trujillo, Arequipa, and Cuzco; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, legislative, judicial; congress disbanded after 3 October 1968 ouster of President Fernando Belaunde Terry Government leader: President, General Francisco Morales Bermudez Cerrutti Suffrage: obligatory for citizens (defined as adult men and women and married persons over age 18) until age 60 Elections: none scheduled Political parties and leaders: Christian Demo- cratic Party (PDC), Juan Lituma Portocarrero, President, supports the government; opposition parties include the Popular Action Party (AP), Fernando Belaunde Terry; American Popular Revolutionary Alliance (APRA), Victor Raul Haya de la Torre; and Popular Christian Party (PPC), Luis Bedoya Reyes Voting strength (1963 election): 39%.AP-PDC, 34% APRA, 25% UNO, 1% Communist, 1% other Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Communists: pro-Soviet (PCP/S) 2,000; pro- Chinese (2 factions) 1,200 Other political or pressure groups: government- sponsored social mobilization system (SINAMOS) which is being restructured; a pro-government political organization is currently in the formative stage Member of: AIOEC, ASSIMER, CIPEC, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, CIPEC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, LAFTA and Andean Pact, OAS, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $12.7 billion (1975, in current prices), $800 per capita; 75% private consumption, 11% public consumption, 15% gross investment; -1% net foreign balance (1975); real growth rate (1975), 4% Agriculture: main crops-wheat, potatoes, beans, rice, barley, coffee, cotton, sugarcane; imports- wheat, meat, lard and oils, rice, corn; caloric intake, 2,300 calories per day per capita (1964) Fishing: catch 3.1 million metric tons (1975); exports $203 million (1975) Major industries: mining of metals, petroleum, fishing, textiles and clothing, food processing, cement, auto assembly, steel, ship-building, metal fabrication Electric power: 2,413,000 kW capacity (1975); 7.7 billion kWh produced (1975), 517 kWh per capita Exports: $1,378 million (f.o.b., 1975); fish and fish products, copper, silver, iron, cotton, sugar, lead, zinc, petroleum, coffee Imports: $2,491 million (1975); foodstuffs, machinery, transport equipment, iron and steel semimanufactures, chemicals, pharmaceuticals Major trade partners: exports-24% U.S., 19% Latin America, 17% EC, 11% Japan, 10% U.S.S.R. (1975); imports-31% U.S., 23% EC, 17% Latin America, 12% Japan (1974) - Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $681 million loans, $232 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $680 million; from other Western countries (1960-72), $136.1 million; from Communist countries (1969-75), $268 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY49-75), $194 million; from Communist countries (1974), $133 million Budget: (1975) $1.9 billion current revenues, $3.0 billion total expenditures including debt amortization Monetary conversion rate: 65.74 soles=US$1 (October 1, 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,148 km; 1,776 km standard gage (1.435 m); 46 km 0.60-meter gage; 326 km 0.914- meter gage; 14 km double track . Highways: 50,700 km; 5,000 km paved, 10,000 km gravel or crushed stone, 14,700 km improved earth, 21,000 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 8,600 km of navigable tributaries of Amazon River system and 208 km Lake Titicaca Pipelines: crude oil, 471 km; natural gas and natural gas liquids, 64 km Ports: 7 major, 20 minor Civil air: 34 major transport aircraft Airfields: 305 total, 305 usable; 22 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 19 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 49 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fairly adequate for most requirements; new nationwide radio-relay system; COMSAT ground station; 378,600 telephones; 2.2 million radio and 500,000 TV receivers; 200 AM, 7 FM, and 31 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,461,000; 2,341,000 fit for military service; average number currently reaching military age (20) annually, 160,000 Military budget: a biennial budget for 1 January 1975 through 31 December 1976, $871 million; about 15.2% of central government biennial budget PHILIPPINES South China Sea BRUNEI MAIAYSII LAND 300,440 km2; 53% forested, 30% arable land, 5% permanent pasture, 12% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 0-300 nm (under an archipelago theory, waters within straight lines joining appropriate points of outermost islands are considered internal waters; waters between these baselines and the limits described in the Treaty of Paris, December 10, 1898, the U.S.-Spain Treaty of Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 A PHILIPPINES Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 November 7, 1900, and the U.S.-U.K. Treaty of January 2, 1930 are considered to be the territorial sea) Coastline: about 22,540 km PEOPLE Population: 43,705,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Filipino(s); adjective-Philip- pine Ethnic divisions: 91.5% Christian Malay, 4% Muslim Malay, 1.5% Chinese, 3% other Religion: 83% Roman Catholic, 10% Protestant, 4% Muslim, 3% Buddhist and other Language: Tagalog (renamed Pilipino) is the national language of the Philippine Republic; English is the language of school instruction and government business Literacy: about 83% Labor force: 11 million; 60% agriculture, forestry, fishing, 12% manufacturing, 10.5% commerce, 10.5% government and services (business, recreation, domestic, personal), 3.5% transport, storage, communication, 3% construction; 0.5% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of the Philippines Type: republic Capital: Manila Political subdivisions: 72 provinces Legal system: based on Spanish, Islamic, and Anglo-American law; parliamentary constitution passed 1973; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, and 71 other law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations; currently being ruled under .martial law Branches: new constitution (currently suspended) provides for unicameral National Assembly, and a strong executive branch under a Prime Minister; judicial branch headed by Supreme Court with descending authority in a Court of Appeals, courts of First Instance in various provinces, municipal courts in chartered cities, and justices of the peace in towns and municipalities; these justices have considerably more authority than do justices of the peace in the U. S. Government leader: President Ferdinand E. Marcos Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: elections suspended for the indefinite future Political parties and leaders: political parties currently in limbo because of martial law Communists: about 1,600 armed insurgents Member of: ADB, ASEAN, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, January 1977 IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $15.8 billion (1975), $370 per capita; 5.9% real growth, 1975 Agriculture: main crops-rice, corn, coconut, sugarcane, bananas, abaca, tobacco Fishing: catch 1.3 million metric tons (1974) Major industries: mining, agricultural processing, textiles, chemicals and chemical products Electric power: 3,450,000 kW capacity (1975); 12.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 284 kWh per capita Exports: $2,275 million (f.o.b., 1975); sugar, coconut products, logs and lumber, copper concentrates, abaca Imports: $3,350 million (f.o.b., 1975); petroleum, industrial equipment, wheat Major trade partners: (1975) exports-29% U.S., 39% Japan; imports-28% Japan, 23% U.S. Aid: economic-U.S. (FY46-75), $2.27 billion committed; Japan (CY70-74), $266 million Commit- ted; IBRD/IDA (CY66-74), $466 committed; mili- tary-U.S. (FY46-74), $735 million committed Budget: (FY75-76) revenues $2.1 billion, expend- itures $2.5 billion, deficit $0.4 billion; 11% military, 84% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 7.43 pesos=US$1, August 1976 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,503 km; 2 common-carrier systems 1.067-meter gage totaling about 1,170 km; 19 industrial systems with 4 different gages totaling 2,333 km; 34% government owned Highways: 99,133 km (1974); 20,293 km paved; 47,836 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface; 31,003 km improved earth Inland waterways: 3,219 km; limited to shallow- draft (less than 1.5 m) vessels Pipelines: refined products, 251 km Ports: 11 major, 100 minor Civil air: 66 major transport aircraft Airfields: 332 total, 302 usable; 52 with permanent-surface runways; 7 with runways 2,440- 3,659 in, 34 with runways 1,220-2,439 in DEFENSE FORCES 'Military manpower: males 15-49, 9,671,000; 6,567,000 fit for military service; about 450,000 reach military age (20) annually Supply: limited small arms ammunition, small patrol craft, and helicopter production; other materiel obtained .almost exclusively from U.S.; naval ships and equipment from Australia, Japan, Singapore, Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 PHILIPPINES/POLAND U.S., and Italy; aircraft and helicopters from West Germany and U.S. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $672.9 million; about 18% of central government budget LAND 312,354 km2; 49% arable, 14% other agricultural, 27% forested, 10% other Land boundaries: 3,090 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm.(3 nm contiguous zone claimed in addition to the territorial sea) (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 491 km PEOPLE Population: 34,566,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Pole(s); adjective-Polish Ethnic divisions: 98.7% Polish, 0.6% Ukrainians, 0.5% Belorussians, less than 0.05% Jews, 0.2% other Religion: 95% Roman Catholic (about 75% practicing), 5% Uniate, Greek Orthodox, Protestant, and other Language: Polish, no significant dialects Literacy: about 98% Labor force: 16.3 million; 38% agriculture, 26% industry, 36% other non-agricultural GOVERNMENT Legal name: Polish Peoples Republic (PRL) Type: Communist state Capital: Warsaw Political subdivisions: 49 provinces Legal system: mixture of Continental (Napoleonic) civil law and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1952; court system parallels administrative divisions with Supreme Court, composed of 104, justices, at apex; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 7 law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative, executive, judicial system dominated by parallel Communist party apparatus Government leader: Piotr Jaroszewicz, Premier; Henryk Jablonski, chairman of Council of State (President) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: parliamentary and local government every 4 years Dominant political party and leader: Polish United .Workers' Party (PZPR) (Communist), Edward Gierek, First Secretary Voting strength (1975 election): 99% voted for Communist-approved single slate Communists: 2,359,000 party members (October 1975) Other political or pressure groups: National Unity Front (FJN), including United Peasant Party (ZSL), Democratic Party (SD), progovernment pseudo- Catholic Pax Association and Christian Social Association, Catholic independent Znak group; powerful Roman Catholic Church, Stefan Cardinal Wyszynski, Primate Member of: CEMA, GATT, ICAO, IHO, Indochina Truce Commission, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IPU, ISO, ITC, Korea Truce Commission, U.N. and all specialized agencies except IMF and IBRD, Warsaw Pact, WFTU ECONOMY GNP: $89.9 billion in 1975, at 1975 prices, $2,640 per capita; 1975 growth rate, 6.4% Agriculture: self-sufficient for minimum require- ments; main crops-grain, sugar beets, oilseeds, potatoes, exporter of livestock products and sugar; importer of grains; 3,200 calories per day per capita (1970) Fishing: catch 645,500 metric tons (1975) Major industries: machine building, iron and steel, extractive industries, chemicals, shipbuilding, and food processing Crude steel: 15 million metric tons produced (1975), about 440 kg. per capita Electric power: 20,300,000 kW kw. capacity (1975); 97.1 billion kWh produced (1975), 2,840 kWh per capita Exports: $10,289 million (f.o.b., 1975); 41% machinery and equipment, 39% fuels, raw materials, and semimanufactures, 10% agricultural and food products, 9% light industrial products Imports: $12,545 million (f.o.b., 1975); 41% machinery and equipment; 42% fuels, raw materials, Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 and semimanufactures; 11% agricultural and food products; 4% light industrial products Major trade partners: $22,736 million (1975); 52% with Communist countries, 48% with West Monetary conversion rate: 3.32 zlotys=US$1 (commercial); 19.92 zlotys=US$1 (noncommercial) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data are reported for calendar years except for caloric intake which is reported for the consumption year, 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 26,597 km; 23,255 km standard gage (1.435 m), 3,347 km narrow gage; 7,474 km double track; 5,558 km electrified; government owned (1975) Highways: 305,863 km; 65,000 km paved; 98,000 km crushed stone, gravel; 142,863 km earth (improved and unimproved) (1976) Inland waterways: 5,053 km navigable streams and canals (1976) Pipelines: 3,540 km for natural gas; 1,408 km for crude oil; 322 km for refined products Freight carried: rail-465 million metric tons, 130.1 billion metric ton/km (1975); highway-1,710 million metric tons, 32.3 billion metric ton/km (1975); waterway-12.4 million metric tons, 2.3 billion metric ton/km; excl. intl. transit traffic (1975) Ports: 4 major (Gdansk, Gdynia, Szczecin, Swinoujscie), 6 minor (1976) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget announced: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, 52.9 billion zlotys; about 7% of total budget LAND Metropolitan Portugal: 94,276 km2, including the Azores and Madeira Islands; 48% arable, 6% meadow and pasture, 31% forested, 15% waste and urban, inland water, and other Land boundaries: 1,207 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 860 km (excludes Azores (708 km) and Madeira (225 km)) PEOPLE Population: metropolitan Portugal (including the Azores and Madeira Islands), 9,587,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.0% (1-71 to 1-75) Nationality: noun-Portuguese (sing. & pl.); adjective-Portuguese Ethnic divisions: homogeneous Mediterranean stock in mainland, Azores, Madeira Islands Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 1% Protestant sects, 2% other Language: Portuguese Literacy: 65% (1973) Labor force: (1975) 3.1 million; 28% agriculture, 36% industry, 36% services; drastic rise in unemployment-now more than 15%-due largely to influx of refugees from former colonies, returning migrant workers, and military cutbacks Organized labor: the Communist-dominated confederation, Intersindical, claims to represent 80% of the labor force-a greatly exaggerated figure; a group of "democratic unions" organized in July 1976 to challenge Communist domination of labor unions, claims to represent 17% of the work force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Portugal Type: republic, first government under new constitution formed July 1976; major political parties and officers of all-military Revolutionary Council signed document in December 1975 agreeing to multiparty parliamentary democracy with military oversight for period of four years following presidential elections in June 1976 Capital: Lisbon Political subdivisions: 18 districts in mainland Portugal and 4 "autonomous districts" in Azores and Madeira Islands; Macao, Portugal's remaining overseas territory, was granted broad executive and legislative autonomy in February 1976; Portugal has not officially recognized the unilateral annexation of Portuguese Timor by Indonesia Legal system: civil law system; new constitution adopted April 1976; for next four years, legislative assembly acts to be reviewed for constitutionality by Revolutionary Council; vetoes of laws by the Council, through the agency of the presidency, may be appealed to a Constitutional Commission as a court of last resort; legal education at Universities of Lisbon and Coimbra; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Branches: executive with President and Prime Minister, with 18-member Revolutionary Council as advisory body to the President; popularly elected Assembly of the Republic; independent judiciary Government leaders: President Antonio Ramalho Eanes; Prime Minister Mario Soares Suffrage: universal over age 18, except for those barred by law for participation in "undemocratic" institutions prior to April 25, 1974 Elections: national elections for Assembly of the Republic to be held every 4 years, last election April 1976; national election for president to be held every 5 years, term of first constitutional president-elected in June 1976-will end with 4 year transitional period; local elections to be held every 3 years, local elections scheduled for December 12, 1976 Political parties and leaders: the Portuguese Socialist Party (PS) is led by Mario Soares, the Social Democratic Party (PSD), formerly the Popular Democratic Party (PPD), by Francisco Sa Carneiro, the Social Democratic Center (CDS) by Diego Freitas do Amaral, and the Communist Party by Alvaro Cunhal Voting strength: (1976 parliamentary election) the Socialists polled 35% of the vote; the PSD received 24%, the CDS 16%, and the Communists 15% Communists: Portuguese Communist Party claims membership of approximately 120,000 Member of: Council of Europe, EFTA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO (restricted membership), IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $14.8 billion est. (1975, in 1975 prices); 16% government consumption, 85% private consumption; -3% change in stocks, 14% gross fixed investment; -12% net foreign trade growth rate, 7% average (1969-73, 1968 base), 2.5% est. (1974), -10% est. (1975) Agriculture: generally underdeveloped; main crops-grains, potatoes, olives, grapes for wine; deficit foods-sugar, grain, meat, fish, oil seeds; caloric intake, 2,730 calories per day per capita (1969) Fishing: landed 427,981 metric tons Major industries: textiles and footwear; wood pulp, paper, and cork; metalworking; oil refining; chemicals; fish canning; wine Shortages: coal, petroleum, cotton, steel Crude steel: 385,000 est. metric tons produced (1975), 40 kg per capita Electric power: 3,793,000 kW capacity (1975); 10.4 billion kWh produced (1975), 1,100 kWh per capita Exports: $1,931 million (f.o.b., 1975); principal items-cotton textiles, cork and cork products, canned fish, wine, timber and timber products, resin Imports: $3,819 million (c.i.f., 1975); principal items-petroleum, cotton, industrial machinery, iron and steel, chemicals Major trade partners: 44% EC (13% U.K., 11% W. Germany, 7% France, 4% Italy); 11% EFTA, 11% U.S., 4% Spain, 4% Iraq, 3% Japan, 2% Communist countries (1975) Aid: economic-U.S., $290 million (FY49-75); military-U.S., $346 million (FY1949-75) Budget: 1975-receipts, $2.28 billion, expendi- tures, $3.42 billion (converted at 1975 average exchange rate); 1976-receipts, $2.59 billion, expenditures, $4.14 billion (converted at 1 es- cudo = US$0.0333) Monetary conversion rate: 1 escudo = US$0.0391 (1975 average); 1 escudo=US$0.0322 (September 30, 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,593 km; state-owned Portuguese Railroad Co. (CP) operates 2,807 km 1.665-meter gage (406 km electrified and 426 km double track), 760 km meter-gage (1.00 m); 26 km 1.665-meter gage double track, electrified, privately-owned Highways: 29,600 km; 17,600 km bituminous, bituminous treatment, concrete and stoneblock; 11,520 km gravel and crushed stone; 480 km improved earth; plus an additional 16,800 km of unimproved earth roads (motorable tracks) Inland waterways: 820 km navigable; relatively unimportant to national economy, used by shallow- draft craft limited to 297 metric ton cargo capacity Pipelines: crude oil, 11 km Ports: 6 major, 34 minor Civil air: 31 major transport aircraft Airfields (including Azores and Madeira Islands): 51 total, 47 usable; 30 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 in, 11 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 6 seaplane stations Telecommunications: facilities are generally adequate; 1.11 million telephones; 1.8 million radio and 770,000 television receivers; 39 AM, 34 FM, and 42 TV stations; 6 submarinne cables (including 2 coaxial); COMSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,400,000; 1,950,000 fit for military service; average number reaching age (20) annually, about 75,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $640.6 million; about 16.4% of central government budget 167 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 QATAR QATAR LAND About 10,360 km2; negligible amount forested; mostly desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 56 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 563 km PEOPLE Population: 160,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Qatari(s); adjective-Qatari Ethnic divisions: 56% Arab; 23% Iranian; 14% Pakistani; 7% other Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: 10%-15% Labor force: primarily foreign GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Qatar Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971 Capital: Doha Legal system: discretionary system of law controlled by the ruler, although new civil codes are being implemented; Islamic law is significant in personal matters; a constitution was promulgated in 1970 Government leader: Amir Khalifa ibn Hamad Al- Thani Suffrage: no specific provisions for suffrage laid down Elections: constitution calls for elections for part of State Advisory Council, semi-legislative body, but none have been held Political parties and pressure groups: none; a few small clandestine organizations are active Branches: Council of Ministers; appointive 30- member Advisory Council Member of: Arab League, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $1.8 billion (1975), $9,700 per capita Agriculture: farming and grazing on small scale; commercial fishing increasing in importance; most food imported; rice and dates staple diet Major industries: oil production and refining; crude oil production from onshore and offshore averaged 520,000 b/d (August 1976); 100% takeover was announced in October 1976 of the Qatar Petroleum Company, still netogiating with Qatar Shell about offshore fields; oil revenues accrued $2 billion in 1976, representing 95% of govern- ment/royal family income; major development projects include $7 million harbor at Ad Dawhah, fertilizer plant, 2 desalting plants, refrigerated storage for fishing, and a cement plant Electric power: capacity 200,000 kW (1975); 550 million kWh produced (1975), 2,820 kWh per capita Exports: crude oil dominates; non-oil exports $34.7 million (1974 est.) Imports: $402 million (1975) Aid: aid ? donor, pledged $450 million 1974, disbursed $200 million Budget: (1976) budgeted expenditures $986 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Qatar-Dubai riyal=US$0.26 (through October 1976) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 805 km; 442 km bituminous; 362 km gravel; undetermined mileage of earth tracks Pipelines: crude oil, 169 km; natural gas, 97 km Ports: 1 major (Ad Dawhah), 1 minor Airfields: 2 total, 1 usable; 2 with permanent- surface, 1 with runway'over 3,660 m Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft, registered in the U.S. Telecommunications: international telecom traffic is by tropospheric scatter through Bahrain; fair domestic facilities; 18,300 telephones; 35,000 radio and 29,000 TV receivers; 1 AM station, no FM and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 46,000; about 26,000 fit for military service Supply: mostly from U.K. Military budget: for fiscal year ending 24 January 1974, $53,680,900; 18% of central government budget Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 REUNION LAND 2,512 km2; two-thirds of island extremely rugged, consisting of volcanic mountains; 48,600 hectares (less than one-fifth of the land) under cultivation WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 201 km PEOPLE Population: 502,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.9% (7-69 to 7-73) Nationality: noun-Reunionnais (sing. & pl. ); adjective-Reun ion nail Ethnic divisions: most of the population is of thoroughly intermixed ancestry of French, African, Malagasy, Chinese, and Indian origin Religion: 94% Roman Catholic Language: French (official), Creole widely used Literacy: over 80% among younger generation Labor force: primarily agricultural workers; high seasonal unemployment GOVERNMENT Legal name: Overseas Department of Reunion Type: overseas department of France; represented in French Parliament by three Deputies and two Senators Capital: Saint-Denis Legal system: French law Branches: Reunion is administered by a Prefect appointed by the French Minister of Interior, assisted by a Secretary-General and an elected 36-man General Council Government leader: Prefect Paul Cousseran Suffrage: universal adult Elections: last municipal elections in 1971; parliamentary election March 1973; some General Council seats up for election in March 1976 Political parties and leaders: Reunion Communist Party (RCP) led by Paul Verges, only organized political movement on island; other political candidates affiliated with metropolitan French parties, which do not maintain permanent organiza- tions on Reunion Voting strength (parliamentary election 1973): Union of Democrats for the Republic elected, one senator and two deputies; Centrist Union, one deputy; one Senator independent Communists: Communist Party small-probably only 15-20 hard-line Communists-but has support among sugarcane cutters and in Le Port district Member of: EC, WFTU ECONOMY Agriculture: cash crops-almost entirely sugar- cane, small amounts of vanilla and perfume plants; food crops-tropical fruit and vegetables, manioc, bananas, corn, market garden produce, also some tea, tobacco, and coffee; food crop inadequate, most food needs imported Major industries: 12 sugar processing mills, rum distilling plants, cigarette factory, 2 tea plants, fruit juice plant, canning factory, a slaughterhouse, and a number of small shops producing handicraft items Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1975); 185 million kWh produced (1975), 370 kWh per capita Exports: $62 million (f.o.b., 1975); 90% sugar, 4% perfume essences, 5% rum and molasses, 1% vanilla and tea (1974) Imports: $410 million (c.i.f., 1975); manufactured goods, food, beverages, and tobacco, machinery and transportation equipment, raw materials and petroleum products Major trade partners: France (in 1970 supplied 62% of Reunions imports, purchased 76% of its exports); Mauritius (supplied 12% of imports) Aid: French economic aid, $43.8 million 1974 Monetary conversion rate: about 224 Com- munaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 as of January 1976 (floating since February 1973) Fiscal year: probably calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,320 km; 1,940 km paved, remainder gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized earth Ports: 1 major (Port des Galets) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 7 total, 7 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: adequate system for size of island of fairly modern open-wire lines and radiocommunication stations; principal center Saint- Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Denis; external radiocommunications to Comoro Islands, France, Madagascar, and Mauritius; 25,400 telephones; 91,000 radio and 36,700 TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and 8 TV stations; 1 satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: military age males included with France LAND 391,090 km2; 40% arable (of which 6% cultivated); 60% available for extensive cattle grazing; 39% European alienated lands (farmed by modern methods), 48% African, 7% national land, 6% not alienated Land boundaries: 3,017 km PEOPLE Population: 6,648,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.5% (1-75 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Rhodesian(s); adjective- Rhodesian Ethnic divisions: 95.3% African, 4.2% European, less than 0.5% Coloreds and Asians Religion: 51% syncretic (part Christian, part animist), 24% Christian, 24% animist, a few Muslim Language: English official; Chishona and Sindebele also widely used Literacy: 25%-30%; of whites, nearly 100% Labor force: (1972) 778,000 Africans (including some migrants from Zambia and Malawi), 108,000 Europeans, Asians, and coloreds (people of mixed heritage); 35% agriculture;-25% mining, manufactur- ing, construction, 40% transport and services Organized labor: about one-third of European wage earners are unionized, but only a small minority of Africans (1966) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Colony of Southern Rhodesia Type: self-proclaimed independent state since 1965 (not recognized by U.S.); provisional settlement with U.K. in November 1971 cancelled by U.K. in May 1972 in response to Pearce Commission's conclusion that its terms were unacceptable to the majority of black Rhodesians; a conference currently underway in Geneva is designed to set up a new multiracial interim government in Rhodesia which is to govern the country during a transition to black majority rule Capital: Salisbury Political subdivisions: 11 magisterial districts Legal system, Smith government implemented a republican constitution on 2 March 1970 which institutionalized white rule Branches: President Wrathall is ceremonial head of state; executive council (cabinet) lead by Prime Minister Smith; National Assembly gives highly disproportionate representation to white minority- 50 white constituency seats and 16 black constituency seats Government leaders: Prime Minister Ian Smith and President John Wrathall Suffrage: franchise is based on income, property holdings, and education; there are separate rolls for Africans and non-Africans Elections: must be held every 5 years Political parties. and leaders: Rhodesian Front, Prime Minister Smith; Rhodesia Party, Tim Gibbs; Rhodesia National Party, Leonard Idensohn; African Progressive Party, Chad Chipunza Voting strength (1974 elections): Rhodesian Front won all 50 white constituency seats in Parliament in July 1974 elections Communists: negligible Other pressure groups and leaders: black nationalists are badly divided-Abel Muzorewa and Joshua Nkomo are leading rival factions of the African National Council; the Zimbabwe African National Union is also split between a group heaed by Ndabaningi Sithole, and a faction whose spokesman is Robert Mugabe Member of: ITU ECONOMY GDP: $3.0 billion (1974), $490 per capita; real growth rate, about 1% (1975) Agriculture: main crops-tobacco, corn, sugar, cotton; livestock; self-sufficient in foodstuffs except wheat Major industries: mining and steel, textiles Electric power: 1,200,000 kW capacity (1975); 6.1 billion kWh produced (1975), 900 kWh per capita Exports: $652 million (f.o.b., 1973), including net gold sales and reexports; tobacco, asbestos, copper, meat, chrome, gold, nickel, clothing, sugar Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Imports: $541 million (c.i.f., 1973); machinery, petroleum products, wheat, transport equipment Major trade partners: South Africa, Portugal, and Portuguese territories Aid: no substantial military or economic aid Budget: FY1976-revenues $678 million, expendi- tures $895 million, deficit $217 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Rhodesian dol- lar=US$1.54; 0.649 Rhodesian dollar=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,715 km narrow gage (1.065 m); 44 km double track Highways: 78,428 km; 7,995 km paved, 32,855 km crushed stone, gravel, stabilized- soil, or improved earth; 37,578 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 280 km on Lake Kariba Pipelines: 8 km crude oil Airfields: 326 total, 322 usable; 15 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways over. 3,660 m, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m; 25 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: system is one of the best in Africa; consists of radio-relay links, open-wile lines, and radiocommunication stations; principal center Salisbury, secondary center Bulawayo; 171,900 telephones; 250,000 radio and 68,700 TV receivers; 8 AM, no FM and 2 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,463,000; 894,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 65,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $192,000,000; 23.9% of central government budget LAND 237,503 km2; 44% arable, 19% other agriculture, 27% forested, 10% other Land boundary: 2,969 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 225 km PEOPLE Population: 21,555,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Romanian(s); adjective- Romanian Ethnic divisions: 87% Romanian, 8% Hungarian, 2% German, 3% other - Religion: 14 million Romanian Orthodox, 1 million Roman Catholic, 1 million Protestants, 100,000 Jews, 30,000 Muslims Language: Romanian, Hungarian, German Literacy: 98%-99% of total population Labor force: 10.1 million (1974); 40% agriculture, 30% industry, 30% other nonagricultural- GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Republic of Romania Type: Communist state Capital: Bucharest Political subdivisions: 39 counties and 46 municipalities, including Bucharest that has administrative status equal to a county Legal system: mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory which increasingly reflects Romanian traditions; constitution adopted 1965; legal education at University of Bucharest and two other law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Presidency; Council of Ministers; the Grand National Assembly, under which is Office of Prosecutor General and Supreme Court; Council of State Government leaders: Manea Manescu, President of the Council of Ministers, head of government; Nicolae Ceausescu, President of the Socialist Republic, head of state Suffrage: universal over age 18, compulsory Elections: elections in Romania held every 4 years for the local' people's councils and every 5 years for Grand National Assembly deputies Political parties and leaders: Communist Party of Romania only functioning party, Nicolae Ceausescu, Secretary General Voting strength (1975 election): overall participa- tion reached 99.96%; of those registered to vote (14,900,032), 98.8% voted for party candidates Communists: 2,480,000 party members (December 1974) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Member of: CEMA, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $51.4 billion (1975, in 1975 prices), $2,420 per capita; real growth rate, 8.7% (1971-75) Agriculture: net exporter; main crops-corn, wheat, oilseed; livestock-cattle, hogs, sheep; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1967-68) Fish catch: 129,300 metric tons (1974) Major industries: machinery, metals, fuels, chemicals, textiles, food processing, timber processing Shortages: iron ore, coking coal, metallurgical coke, cotton fibers, natural rubber Crude steel: 9.5 million metric tons produced (1975), 450 kg per capita Electric power: 11,500,000 kW capacity (1975); 53.7 billion kWh produced (1975), 2,515 kWh per capita Exports: $5.3 billion (f.o.b., 1975); 43% fuels, raw materials, semifinished products; 21 % machinery and equipment; 20% foodstuffs; and 16% consumer goods (1974) Imports: $5.3 billion (mixture f.o.b. and c.i.f., 1975); 34% machinery and equipment; 54% fuels, raw materials, semifinished products; 8% foodstuffs; and 4% consumer goods (1974) Major trade partners: $10.6 billion in 1975; 58% non-Communist countries, 42% Communist countries (1974) Monetary conversion rate: 4.97 lei=US$1 (commercial) 12.lei=US$1 (tourist) Fiscal year: same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year, 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 12,012 km; 10,367 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,632 km narrow gage, 13 km broad gage; 1,203 km electrified, 1,907 km double track; government owned (1976) Highways: 77,249 km; 12,232 km paved; 26,232 km other improved surfaces, 38,785 km earth (1976) Inland waterways: 2,312 km (1976) Pipelines: 2,735 km crude oil; 1,429 km refined products; 5,149 km natural gas Freight carried: rail-217.3 million metric tons, 54.6 billion metric ton/km (1974); highway-526 million metric tons, 8.3 billion metric ton/km (1974); waterway-5.8 million metric tons, 2.0 billion metric ton/km (excl. intl. transit traffic) (1975) Ports: major (Constanta, Galati, Braila, Mangalia), 2 minor(1976) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, 10.4 billion lei; about 5% of total budget LAND 25,900 km2; almost all the arable land, about '/3 under cultivation, about 1/3 pastureland Land boundaries: 877 km PEOPLE Population: 4,397,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (1-70 to 1-75) Nationality: noun-Rwandan(s); adjective- Rwandan Ethnic divisions: 90% Hutu, 9% Tutsi, 1% Twa (Pygmoid) Religion: 45% Catholic, 9% Protestant, 1% Muslim, rest animist Language: Kinyarwanda and French official; Kiswahili used in commercial centers Literacy: 10% in French and Kinyarwanda, Labor force: less than 5% in cash economy GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Rwanda Type: republic, presidential system in which military leaders hold key offices; 1962 constitution still in force except for Title V on the National Assembly Capital: Kigali Political subdivisions: 10 prefectures, subdivided into 142 communes Legal system: based on German and Belgian civil law systems and customary law; constitution adopted 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President, 'Committee for Peace and National Unity (composed of high 'military command), and 12-member cabinet.. - Government leader: General Juvenal Hab- yarimana, Head of State Suffrage: universal Elections: last legislative election September 1969; none allowed by, present government; elections of Communal Counsellors held November 1974 , Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Political parties and leaders: National Revo- lutionary Movement for Development, General Hybyarimana Communists: no Communist party; U.S.S.R. and People's Republic of China have diplomatic missions in Rwanda Member of: AFDB, EAMA, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO] UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $301 million (1974), $70 per capita Agriculture: cash crops-mainly coffee, tea, cotton, some pyrethrum; main food crops-bananas, cassava; stock raising; self-sufficiency increasing but country still imports some foodstuffs Major industries: mining of cassiterite (tin ore), agricultural processing, and light consumer goods Electric power: 25,000 kW capacity (1975); 35 million kWh produced (1975), 8 kWh per capita Exports: $37 million (f.o.b., 1974); mainly coffee, tea, pyrethrum, cassiterite Imports: $58 million (c.i.f., 1974); textiles, foodstuffs, machines, equipment Major trade partners: U.S., Belgium, West Germany, Kenya Aid: external aid amounted to $52 million in 1974 with Belgium providing about 30% of this amount, the European Development Fund 15%, and World Bank about 15%; other donors include France, Canada, Germany, U.S., Romania, Yugoslavia, Kuwait, Abu Dhabi, and PRC Budget: balanced at $45 million (FY75) Monetary conversion rate: 92.84 Rwanda francs= US$1 (official) since January 1974 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 9,120 km; 120 km paved, 3,000 km gravel and/or improved earth, 6,000 km unimproved Inland waterways: Lake Kivu navigable by steamers and barges Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 10 total, 9 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 in, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph limited; main center is Kigali; 2,480 telephones; 65,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 981,000;493,000 fit for military service; no conscription; 40,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1974, $6,522,000; 17.3% of central government budget ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS- ANGUILLA ,ANGUILLA ST. CHRISTOPHER ~. o NEVIS Caribbean Sea y' o 0 LAND 389 km2; 40% arable, 10% pasture, 17% forest, 33% wasteland and built-on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 193 km PEOPLE Population: 70,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.2% (4-60 to 4-70) Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent Nationality: noun-Kittsian(s), Nevisian(s), Anguillan(s); adjective-Kittsian, Nevisian, An- guillan Religion: Church of England, other Protestant sects, Roman Catholic Language: English Literacy: about 80% . Labor force: 19,616 (1960 est.) Organized labor: 6,700 GOVERNMENT Legal 'name: State of St. Christopher-Nevis- Anguilla Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State"; Anguilla formally seceded in May 1967 but has not been recognized as an independent state by any government; in July 1968 a legislative council headed by Ronald Webster was elected to govern Anguilla; in March 1969 the U.K. sent troops to Anguilla, placing the island again under colonial rule; in 1971, Anguilla reverted to its former colonial relationship with the U.K. although nominally remaining part of the Associated state of St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla; Webster became leader of Anguillan Council after constitutionally held elections (1972); in February Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 1976, the U.K. granted a new constitution to Anguilla which changed its status to that of a crown colony Capital: Basseterre Political subdivisions: 10 districts Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial organ is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands Branches: legislative, 10-member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, cabinet headed by Premier Government leaders: Premier, Robert L. Brad- shaw; U.K. Governor, Probyn Inniss Suffrage: universal adult suffrage Elections: at least every 5 years; most recent 10 May 1971 Political parties and leaders: St. Christopher- Nevis-Anguilla Labor Party, Robert L. Bradshaw; People's Action Movement (PAM), William Herbert; Nevis Reformation Party (NRP), Ivor Stevens Voting strength (May 1971 election): St. Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla Labor Party won 7 seats in the House of Assembly, PAM won 1, NRP won 1, and 1 seat remains open for Anguilla which did not participate in the election Communists: none known Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $14.7 million (1970), $210 per capita Agriculture: main crops-sugar on St. Christopher, cotton on Nevis Major industries: sugar processing, salt extraction Electric power: 14,500 kW capacity (1975); 32 million kWh produced (1975), 550 kWh per capita Exports: $6.8 million (f.o.b., 1973); sugar, molasses, cotton, salt, copra Imports: $12.0 million (c.i.f., 1973); foodstuffs, fuel, manufactures Major trade partners: exports-50% U. S., 35% U.K.; imports-21% U.K., 17% Japan, 11% U.S. (1973) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dollars=US$1 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 57 km, narrow gage (0.760 m) on St. Kitts for sugar cane Highways: 300 km; 100 km paved, 150 km otherwise improved, 50 km unimproved earth Ports: 3 minor (1 on each island) Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 3 with permanent surface runways; 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: good interisland VHF/UHF radio connections and international link via Antigua; about 1,900 telephones; 10,000 radio and 1,600 TV receivers; 3 AM and 5 TV stations LAND 616 km2; 50% arable, 3% pasture, 19% forest, 5% unused but potentially productive, 23% wasteland and built-on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 158 km PEOPLE Population: 110,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.5% (4-60 to 4-70) Nationality: noun-St. Lucian(s); adjective-St. Lucian Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic Language: English, French patois Literacy: about 80% Labor force: 38,000 (1969); 50% agriculture; 30%-35% unemployment (1975) Organized labor: 20% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of St. Lucia Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State" Capital: Castries Political subdivisions: 16 parishes Legal system: based on English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial body is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands Branches: legislative, 17-member popularly elected House of Assembly; executive, cabinet headed by Premier Government leaders: Premier John Compton; U.K. Governor Sir Allen Lewis Suffrage: universal-adult suffrage Elections: every 5 years; most recent May 1974 Political parties and leaders: United Worker's Party (UWP), John Compton; St. Lucia Labor Party (SLP), Allan Louisy Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Voting strength (1974 election): UWP (53%) won 10 of the 17 elected seats in House of Assembly; SLP (45%) won 7 seats; independents (2%) no seats Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM ECONOMY GDP: $33.2 million (1973 est.), $300 per capita; real growth rate 1973, negligible Agriculture: main crops-bananas, copra, sugar, cocoa, spices Major industries: tourism, lime processing Shortages: food, machinery, capital goods Electric power: 14,000 kW capacity (1975); 40 million kWh produced (1975), 400 kWh per capita Exports: $17 million (f.o.b., 1975); sugar, bananas, cocoa Imports: $49 million (c.i.f., 1975); foodstuffs, machinery and equipment, fertilizers, petroleum products Major trade partners: 51% U. K., 9% Canada, 17% U.S. (1970), Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dollars=US$1 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 670 km; 280 km paved; 390 km otherwise improved Ports: 1 major (Castries), 1 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total; 3 usable, 2 with permanent- surface runways, 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: fully automatic telephone system with 6,980 telephones; direct radio-relay link with Martinique; interisland tropospheric links to Barbados and Antigua; 86,500 radio and 600 TV receivers; 3 AM stations, 1 TV station LAND 389 km2 (including northern Grenadines);- 50% arable, 3% pasture, 44% forest, 3% wasteland and built-on WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 84 km PEOPLE Population: 96,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.1 % (4-60 to 4-70) Nationality: noun-St. Vincentian(s) or Vin- centian(s); adjective-St. Vincentian or Vincentian Ethnic divisions: mainly of African Negro descent; remainder mixed with some white and East Indian and Carib Indian Religion: Church of England, Methodist, Roman Catholic Language: English, some French patois Literacy: about 80% Labor force: 50,000 (1972 est.); about 60% unemployed Organized labor: 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of St. Vincent Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated State" Capital: Kingstown Legal system: based on, English common law; constitution of 1960; highest judicial body is Court of Appeal of Leeward and Windward Islands Government leader: Premier R. Milton Cato; Governor General (U.K.) Sir Rupert G. John Suffrage: universal adult suffrage (18 years old and over) Elections: every 5 years; most recent December 9, 1974 Political parties and leaders: People's Political Party (PPP), Ebenezer Joshua; St. Vincent Labor Party (LP), R. Milton Cato; Democratic Freedom Movement, Parnell Campbell and Kenneth John Voting strength (1974 election): LP 10 seats, PPP 2 seats, independent 1 seat in the Legislature Communists: negligible Member of: CARICOM ECONOMY GDP: $20 million (1971 est.), $200 per capita; 6.9% growth in 1971 Agriculture: main crops-bananas, arrowroot, coconut Major industries: food processing Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Electric power: 6,500 kW capacity (1975); 18 million kWh produced (1975), 180 kWh per capita Exports: $4.7 million (f.o.b., 1973); bananas, arrowroot, copra Imports: $18.6 million (c.i.f., 1973); fertilizer, flour, transportation equipment, lumber, textiles Major trade partners: exports-61% U.K., 30% CARICOM, 9% U.S.; imports-29% CARICOM, 28% U.K., 9% Canada, 9% U.S. (1972) Monetary conversion rate: 2.70 East Caribbean dollars=US$1 (July 1976) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,750 km; 600 km paved; 1,000 km otherwise improved; 150 km unimproved earth Ports: 1 major, 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 5 total, 4 usable; 2 with permanent surface runways, 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: islandwide fully automatic telephone system with 5,130 instruments; VHF/UHF interisland links to Barbados and the Grenadines; 10,000 radio and 600 TV receivers; 2 AM stations SAN MARINO LAND 62 km2; 74% cultivated, 22% meadows and pastures, 4% built-on Land boundaries: 34 km PEOPLE Population: 20,000 (official estimate for 30 June 1975) Nationality: noun-Sanmarinese (sing. adjective-Sanmarinese Religion: Roman Catholic Language: Italian Literacy: illiteracy relatively insignificant Labor force: approx. 4,300 Organized labor: General Democratic Federation of Sanmarinese Workers (affiliated with ICFTU) has about 1,800 members; Communist-dominated Camera del Lavoro, about 1,000 members GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of San Marino Type: republic (dates from 4th century A.D.); in 1862 the Kingdom of Italy concluded a treaty guaranteeing the independence of San Marino; although legally sovereign, San Marino is vulnerable to pressure from the Italian Government Capital: San Marino Political subdivisions: San Marino is divided into 9 castelli: Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Dogmanano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Monte Giardino, San Marino, Serravalle Legal system: based on civil law system with Italian law influences; electoral law of 1926 serves some of the functions of a constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: the Grand and General Council is the legislative body elected by popular vote; its 60 members serve 5-year terms; Council in turn elects two Captains-Regent who exercise executive power for term of 6 months, the Council of State whose members head . government administrative depart- ments and the Council of Twelve, the supreme judicial body; actual executive power is wielded by the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs and the Secretary of State for. Internal Affairs Government leaders: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs and for Information, Giancarlo Ghironzi (Christian Democratic party); Secretary of State for Internal Affairs.and Justice, Clara Boscaglia (Christian Democratic party); Secretary of State for Budget, Finance, and Planning, Remy Giacomini (Socialist Party) Suffrage: universal (since 1960) Elections: elections to . the Grand and General Council required at least every 5 years; next elections 1979 Political parties and leaders: Christian Demo- cratic party (DCS), Gian Luigi Berti; Social Democratic Party (PSDSM), Alvaro Casali; Socialist Party (PSS), Remy Giacomini; Communist Party (PCS), Umberto Barulli; People's Democratic Party (PDP), leader unknown; Committee for the Defense of the Republic (CDR), leader unknown Voting strength (1974 election): 39.6% DCS, 23.7% PCS, 15.4% PSDIS, 13.9% PSS, 1.9% PDP, 2.9% CDR Communists: approx. 300 members (number of sympathizers cannot be determined); PSS, in government with Christian Democrats since March Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 1973, formed a government with the PCS from the end of World War II to 1957 Other political parties or pressure groups: political parties influenced by policies of their counterparts in Italy, the two Socialist parties are not united Member of: ICJ, International Institute for Unification of Private Law, International Relief Union, IRC, UPU, WFTU ECONOMY Principal economic activities of San Marino are farming, livestock raising, light manufacturing, and tourism; the government's total budget for FY71 was about $12 million, with the largest share of revenue derived from the sale of postage stamps throughout the world and from payments by the Italian government in exchange for Italy's monopoly in retailing tobacco, gasoline, and a few other goods; main problem is finding an additional $3 million to finance badly needed water and electric power systems expansions Agriculture: principal crops are wheat (average annual output about 4,400 metric tons/year) and grapes (average annual output about 700 metric tons/year); other grains, fruits, vegetables, and animal feedstuffs are also grown; livestock population numbers roughly 6,000 cows, oxen, and sheep; cheese and hides are most important livestock products Electric power: obtained from Italy, 1975 Manufacturing: consists mainly of cotton textile production at Serravalle, brick and tile production at Dogane, cement production at Acquaviva, Dogane, and Fiorentino, and pottery production at Borgo Maggiore; some tanned hides, paper, candy, baked goods, Moscato wine, and gold and silver souvenirs are also produced Foreign transactions: dominated by tourism; in summer months 20,000 to 30,000 foreigners visit San Marino every day; a number of hotels and restaurants have been built in recent years to accommodate them; remittances from Sanmarinese abroad also represent an important net foreign inflow; commodity trade consists primarily of exchanging building stone, lime, wood, chestnuts, wheat, wine, baked goods, hides, and ceramics for a wide variety of consumer manufactures COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 104 km Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: automatic telephone system serving 5,370 telephones; no radiobroadcasting or television facilities, 4,400 radio and 3,300 TV receivers (Italian broadcasts) SAO-TOME AND PRINCIPE LAND 964 km2 (Sao Tome, 855 km2 and Principe, '109 km2; including small islets of Pedras Tinhosas) WATER . Limits of territorial waters: 6 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: estimated 209 km PEOPLE Population: 75,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1972) Nationality: noun-Sao Tomean(s); adjective- Sao Tomean Ethnic divisions: native Sao Tomeans, migrant Cape Verdians, Portuguese Religion: Roman Catholic, Evangelical Protestant, Seventh Day Adventist Language: Portuguese official Literacy: estimated at 5%-10% Labor force: most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and fishing; nearly half the island's work force, about 10,000 people, are unemployed, the other half work on cocoa plantations GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe Type: republic established when independence received from Portugal on July 1975; constitution adopted December 1975 Capital: Sao Tome Legal system: based on Portuguese law system and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Da Costa heads the government assisted by a cabinet of ministers Government leader: President Manuel Pinto Da Costa, Prime Minister Miguel Anjos da Cuna Lisboa Trovoada Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Suffrage: universal for age 18 and over Elections: elections were held July 1975 for the President Political parties and leaders: Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe (MLSTP), Secretary-General Manuel Pinto Da Costa Communists: no Communist party, probably a few Communist sympathizers Member of: OAU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $20 million (1975 estimate); per capita income $250 (1975 est.) Agriculture: cash crops-cocoa, copra, coconut, coffee, palm oil, bananas Major industries: food processing on small scale, timber Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1975); 5 million kWh produced (1975), 65 kWh per capita Exports: $13 million (f.o.b., 1973); mainly cocoa (70%), copra (12%), coconut, coffee, palm oil Imports: $10 million (c.i.f., 1973); communications equipment, light and heavy vehicles, food products, beverages, fuels and lubricants Major trade partners: main partner, Portugal; followed by Netherlands, West Germany, African neighbors Aid: Portugal remains principal aid donor; however, the PRC and UNDP have established substantial programs of technical assistance and the Romanians and Cubans have somewhat smaller programs; the U.S. is providing some training for Sao Tomeans under regional AID programs Budget: total expenditures $6.4 million (1970); balance on ordinary budget $0.7 million (1970) Monetary conversion rate: 27.40 escudos=US$1 (January 1976) Fiscal year: probably calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Ports: 1 major (Sao Tome) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total, 4 usable; 2 permanent surface runways; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: minimal system; 657 telephones; 10,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES A company of 150 local troops has been formed into a fledgling army. LAND Estimated at about 2,331,000 km2 (boundaries undefined and disputed); 1% agricultural, 1% forested, 98% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 4,537 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 2,510 km PEOPLE Population: 7,517,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Saudi(s); adjective-Saudi Arabian or Saudi Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 10% Afro-Asian (est.) Religion: 100% Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: 15% (est.) Labor force: about 30% of population; 40% agriculture and herding, 12% construction, 12% service, 12% government, 11% commerce, 13% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Type: monarchy Capital: Riyadh; foreign ministry and foreign diplomatic representatives located in Jiddah Political subdivisions: 18 amirates Legal system: largely based on Islamic law, several secular codes have been introduced; commercial disputes handled by special committees; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: King Khalid (Al Saud, Khalid ibn Abd al-Aziz) rules in consultation with royal family (especially Crown Prince Fahd), and Council of Ministers Government leader: King Khalid Communists: negligible Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $31 billion (1975 est., 1975 prices), $5,530 per capita; annual growth in real GNP approx. 15% (1973/75 average, non-oil) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Agriculture: dates, grains, livestock; not self- sufficient in food Major industries: petroleum production 8.8 million b/d (August 1976); payments to Saudi Arabian Government, $28.5 billion (1975 est.); cement production and small steel-rolling mill and oil refinery; several other light industries, including factories producing detergents, plastic products, furniture, etc.; PETROMIN, a semipublic agency associated with the Ministry of Petroleum, has recently completed a major fertilizer plant Electric power: 1,300,000 kW capacity (1975); 3 billion kWh produced (1975), 210 kWh per capita Exports: $28.6 billion (f.o.b., 1975 est.); 99% petroleum and petroleum products Imports: $6.5 billion (f.o.b., 1975 est.); manufac- tured goods, transportation equipment, construction materials, and processed food products Major trade partners: exports-U.S., Western Europe, Japan; imports-U.S., Japan, West Germany Monetary conversion rate: 1 Saudi riyal = US$0.28 as of February 1976 (linked to SDR, freely convertible) Fiscal year: follows Islamic year; the 1973-74 Saudi fiscal year covers the period 30 July 1973 through 1 July 1974 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 575 km standard gage (1.435 m) Highways: 17,850 km; 10,750 km bituminous, 7,100 km gravel and improved earth, undetermined kilometers of earth roads and tracks Pipelines: 2,430 km crude oil; 386 km refined products; 98 km natural gas Ports: 3 major (Jidda, Ad Damman, Ras Tanura), 6 minor Civil air: 20 major transport aircraft Airfields: 107 total, 84 usable; 24 with permanent- surface runways; 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 39 with runways 1,220-2,439 in, 3 with runways over 3,660 in Telecommunications: excellent international tele- communications; fair domestic service; 84,650 telephones; 255,000 radio and 150,000 TV receivers; 4 AM, 1 FM, and 11 TV stations; 2 submarine cables; 2 satellite ground stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,485,000; 821,000 fit for military service; about 64,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 1 July 1976, $7,460,820,900; about 23.7% of central government budget LAND 196,840 km2; 13% forested, 40% agricultural (12% cultivated), 47% built-up areas, waste, etc. Land boundaries: 2,680 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 150 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 531 km PEOPLE Population: 5,174,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Senegalese (sing. & pl.); adjective-Senegalese Ethnic divisions: 36% Wolof, 17.5% Fulani, 16.5% Serer, 9% Tukulor, 9% Dyola, 6.5% Malinke, .4.5% other African, 1% Europeans and Lebanese Religion: 80% Muslim, 15% animist, 5% Christian (mostly Roman Catholic) Language: French official, but regular use limited to literate minority; most Senegalese speak own tribal language; use of Wolof vernacular spreading-now spoken to some degree by nearly half the population Literacy: 5%-10% (est.) in 14 plus age group Labor force: 1,732,000; about 80% subsistence agricultural workers; about 125,000 wage earners Organized labor: majority of wage-labor force represented by unions; however, dues-paying membership very limited GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Senegal Type: republic Capital: Dakar Political subdivisions: 7 regions, each subdivided into 18 departments, 90 districts, and 34 communes Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Legal system: based on French civil law system; constitution adopted 1960, revised 1963 and 1970; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court (which also audits the government's accounting office); legal education at University of Dakar; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: government dominated by President who is assisted by Prime Minister, appointed by President and subject to dismissal by President or censure by National Assembly; 80-member National Assembly, elected for 5 years (effective 1973); President elected for 5-year term (effective 1973) by universal suffrage; judiciary headed by Supreme Court, with members appointed by President Government leaders: Leopold Sedar Senghor, President; Abdou Diouf, Prime Minister Suffrage: universal adult Elections: uncontested presidential and legislative elections held February 1973 for 5-year term Political parties and leaders: Union Progressiste Senegalaise (UPS), ruling party led by President Leopold Senghor; Parti Democratique Senegalaise (PDS), legal "liberal democratic" party founded July 1974, and illegal parties include Communist-backed "Marxist-Leninist" African Independence Party legalized in August 1976 and Parti Communiste Senegalais (PCS), a splinter group Communists: a few Communists and sympa- thizers; PAI is pro-Moscow; PCS in pro-Peking Other political or pressure groups: labor unions are controlled by party; students and teachers occasionally strike Member of: AFDB, APC, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, OMVS (Organization for the Development of the Senegal River Valley), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1.3 billion (1975 est.), $300 per capita; real growth rate probably zero or negative since 1972 (1966-71) Agriculture: main crops-peanuts, millet, sor- ghum, manioc, rice; peanuts primary cash crop; production of food crops increasing but still insufficient for domestic requirements Fishing: catch 357,030 metric tons (1974); exports $21.7 million (1974) Major industries: fishing, agricultural processing plants, light manufacturing, mining Electric power: 135,000 kW capacity (1975); 355 million kWh produced (1975), 80 kWh per capita Exports: $340 million (f.o.b., 1975); approx. 35% peanuts and peanut products; phosphate rock; canned fish Imports: $574 million (f.o.b., 1975); food, consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment Major trade partners: France, EC (other than France), and franc zone Aid: economic-France (1966-70), $115 million; China (1975), $51.8 million; U.S. (FY61-75), $71 million; U.S.S.R., $7.6 million; EC (1961-73), $154 million; military-U.S. (FY61-75), $2.8 million Budget: 1976-balanced at $535.5 million Monetary conversion rate: francs; about 248.22 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 as of August 1976, floating Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,030 km meter gage (1.00 m); 64 km double track Highways: 13,330 km; 2,586 km bituminous, 456 km gravel, 10,288 km improved earth Inland waterways: 1,505 km Ports: 1 major (Dakar), 2 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft Airfields:. 27 total, 27 usable; 11 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 19 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 3 seaplane stations Telecommunications: relatively advanced for Africa; 36,400 telephones; 287,000 radio receivers; 1,800 TV receivers; 3 AM stations, no FM, and 1 TV station; 3 submarine cables; satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 989,000; 512,000 fit for military service; 52,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1976, $43,625,302; about 7.8% of central government budget LAND 404 km2; 54% arable land, nearly all of it is under cultivation, 17% wood and forest land, 29% other (mainly reefs and other surfaces unsuited for agriculture); 40 granitic and 43 coral islands WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline:.491 km (Mahe Island 93 km) PEOPLE Population: 60,000, average annual growth rate 2.2% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Seychellois (sing. & pl.); adjective-Seychelles Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Ethnic divisions: Seychellois (admixture of Asians, Africans, Europeans) Religion: 90% Roman Catholic Language: English official; Creole most widely spoken Literacy: limited Labor force: 22,000 agriculture Organized labor: 3 major trade unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Seychelles Type: republic; member of the Commonwealth Capital: Victoria, Mahe Island Legal system: based on English common law, French civil,law system, and customary law Branches: President, Council of Ministers, Legislative Assembly Government leaders: President, James Mancham; Prime Minister, France Albert Rene Suffrage: universal adult Elections: April 1974, held every 5 years Political parties and leaders: Seychelles Demo- cratic Party (SDP), James R. Mancham, President; Seychelles Peoples United Party (SPUP), France Albert 'Rene, President Voting strength: SDP won 13 seats in Legislative Assembly with 52.4% popular vote in 1974 election; SPUP won 2 seats with 47.6% of votes; under agreement reached in March 1975, each party named five new members to the legislature Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: trade unions which are appendages of political parties Member of: OAU, WCL ECONOMY Agriculture: islands depend largely on coconut production and export of copra; cinnamon, vanilla, and patchouli (used for perfumes) are other cash crops; food crops-small quantities of sweet potatoes, cassava, sugarcane, and bananas; islands not self- sufficient in foodstuffs and the bulk of the supply must be imported Major industries: processing of coconut and vanilla, fishing, small-scale manufacture of consumer goods, coir rope factory, tea factory Electric power: 10,880 kW capacity (1975); 5 million kWh produced (1975), 85 kWh per capita Exports: $6 million (f.o.b., 1975); cinnamon (bark and oil) and vanilla account for almost 50% of the total, copra accounts for about 40%, the remainder consisting of patchouli, fish, and guano Imports: $33 million (c.i.f., 1975); food, tobacco, and beverages account for about 40% of imports, manufactured goods about 25%, machinery and transport equipment, petroleum products, textiles Major trade partners: exports-India, U.S.; imports-U.K., Burma, India, South Africa, Kenya, Australia Aid: $32 million in aid during 1974-76 from U.K.; US (FY53-75) $0.7 million Budget: FY75-revenues $14.5 million, expendi- tures $18 million Monetary conversion rate: 5.4 Seychelles rupees = US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 199 km; 143 km bituminous, 56 km crushed stone or earth Ports: 1 small port (Victoria) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total, 4 usable on (Praslin Island, Astove Island, Bird Island, Mahe Island) 1 permanent surface 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: direct radiocommunications with adjacent islands and African coastal countries; 2,860 telephones; 16,000 radio, and no TV sets; 2 AM, no FM, and no TV stations; submarine cables to Aden, Tanzania, and Sri Lanka DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 14,000; 7,000 fit for military service LAND 72,261 km2; 65% arable (6% of total land area under cultivation), 27% pasture, 4% swampland, 4% forested Land boundaries: 933 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 402 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 PEOPLE Population: 2,810,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.5% (7-73 to 7-74) Nationality: noun-Sierra Leonean(s); adjective- Sierra Leonean Ethnic divisions: over 99% native African, rest European and Asian; 13 tribes Religion: 70% animist, 25% Muslim, 5% Christian Language: English official, but regular use limited to literate minority; principal vernaculars are Mende in south and Temne in north; "Krio," the language of the resettled ex-slave population of the Freetown area, is used as a lingua franca Literacy: about 10% Labor force: about 1.5 million; most of population engages in subsistence agriculture; only small minority, some 70,000, earn wages . Organized labor: 35% of wage earners GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Sierra Leone Type: republic under presidential regime since April 1971 Capital: Freetown Political subdivisions: 3 provinces; divided into 12 districts with 146 chiefdoms, where paramount chief and council of elders constitute basic unit of government; plus western area, which comprises Freetown and other coastal areas of the former colony Legal system: based on English law and customary laws indigenous to local tribes; constitution adopted April 1971; highest court of appeal is the Sierra Leone Court of Appeals; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive authority exercised by President; parliament consists of 100 authorized seats, 85 of which are filled by elected representatives of constituencies and 12 by Paramount Chiefs elected by fellow Paramount Chiefs in each district; President authorized to appoint three members, of which two, currently, are filled by the heads of the Army and the Police independent judiciary Government leader: Siaka Stevens, President, heads APC government composed of members of his political party Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: the maximum life of an elected parliament is 5 years, but it may be dissolved earlier by the President; parliamentary election held in May 1973; President is elected by parliament for 5 year term; next presidential election 1981 Political parties and leaders: All People's Congress (APC), headed by Stevens; Sierra Leone People's Party (SLPP) is the opposition party Communists: no party, although there are a few Communists and a slightly larger number of sympathizers Member of: AFDB, AIOEC, Commonwealth, ECA, ECOWAS, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $493 million (1974), $180 per capita; growth rate 22% (1973-74) Agriculture: main crops-palm kernels, coffee, cocoa, rice, yams, millet, ginger, cassava; much of cultivated land devoted to subsistence farming; food crops insufficient for domestic consumption Fishing: catch 51,300 metric tons (1974); imports $3.1 million (1973) Major industries: mining-diamonds, iron ore, bauxite, rutile; manufacturing-beverages, textiles, cigarettes, construction goods; 1 oil refinery Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1975); 235 million kWh produced (1975), 85 kWh per capita Exports: $138 million (f.o.b., 1975); diamonds, iron ore, palm kernels, cocoa, coffee Imports: $185 million est. (f.o.b., 1975 est.); machinery and transportation equipment, manu- factured goods, foodstuffs, petroleum products Major trade partners: U.K., EC, Japan, U.S., Communist countries' Budget: (FY75) current revenues $106 million, current expenditures $106 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 leone = US$1.12 (August 1976) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: about 96 km narrow gage (1.067 m) privately owned mineral line operated by the Sierra Leone Development Company Highways: 7,076 km; 1,148 km bituminous (including some bituminous treatment), 2,096 km laterite (some gravel), and 3,832 km earth Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Inland waterways: 800 km; 600 km navigable year-round Ports: 1 major (Freetown), 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 16 total, 16 usable; 6 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 5 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph are adequate; 10,300 telephones; 62,000 radio and 6,000 TV receivers; 1 AM station, no FM, and 1 TV station; 3 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 649,000; 312,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for year ending 30 June 1975, $9,548,203; 6.97% of central government budget SINGAPORE LAND 583 km2; 31% built up area, roads, railroads, and airfields, 22% agricultural, 47% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 193 km PEOPLE Population: 2,297,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.4% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Singaporean(s); adjective- Singapore Ethnic divisions: 76.2% Chinese, 15% Malay, 7% Indians and Pakistani, 1.8% other Religion: majority of Chinese are Buddhists or atheists; Malays nearly all Muslim; minorities include Christians, Hindus, Sikhs, Taoists, Confucianists Language: national language is Malay; Chinese, Malay, Tamil, and English are official languages Literacy: 70% (1970) Labor force: 474,718; 0.5% agriculture, forestry, and fishing, 0.4% mining and quarrying, 32.2% manufacturing, 30.4% services, 5.2% construction, 21.5% commerce, 9.8% transport, storage, and communications Organized labor: 24% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Singapore Type: republic within Commonwealth since separation from Malaysia in August 1965 Capital: Singapore Legal system: based on English common law; constitution based on preindependence State of Singapore constitution; legal education at University of Singapore; has not. accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: ceremonial President; executive power exercised by Prime Minister and cabinet responsible to unitary legislature Government leaders: President, Dr. Benjamin Sheares; Prime Minister, Lee Kuan Yew Suffrage: universal over age 20; voting compulsory Elections: normally every 5 years Political parties and leaders: government- People's Action Party (PAP), Lee Kuan Yew; opposition-Barisan Sosialis Party (BSP), Dr. Lee Siew Choh; Workers' Party, J.B. Jeyaretnam; Communist Party illegal Voting strength (1972 election): PAP won all 65 seats in parliament and received 70% of vote; remaining 30% to four opposition parties Communists: 20.0-500; Barisan Sosialis Party infiltrated by Communists Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, Colombo Plan, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $5.62 billion (1975), $2,500 per capita; 10.7% average annual real growth (1966-75), 4.1% (1975) Agriculture: occupies a position of minor importance in the economy, self-sufficient in pork, poultry, and eggs, must import much of its other food requirements; major crops-rubber, copra, fruit and vegetables Fishing: catch 19,236 metric tons (1974), imports- 41,300 metric tons (1973) Major industries: petroleum refining, oil drilling equipment, rubber processing and rubber products, processed food and beverages, electronics, ship repair, entrepot trade, financial services Electric power: 1,109,000 kW capacity (1975); 4.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 1,894 kWh per capita Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Exports: $5.3 billion (f.o.b., 1975); 40% reexports; petroleum products, rubber, manufactured goods Imports: $8.1 billion (c.i.f., 1975); 18% goods reexported; major retained imports-capital equip- ment, manufactured goods, petroleum Major trade partners: exports-Malaysia, U.S., Japan, U.K., Indonesia; imports-Japan, Malaysia, U.S., U.K. Aid: U.K.-(1960 - September 1969) $254 million disbursed, (1969-73) $120 million extended; IBRD- (1963-74) $143 million committed, $61 million disbursed; U.S.-(FY53-74) $102 million committed Budget: (FY76/77) revenues $1.3 billion, expend- itures $2.1 billion, deficit $800 million; 25% military, 75% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 2.46 Singapore dollars=US$1 (August 1976) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 38 km of meter gage Highways: 2,200 km (1975); 1,700 km paved, 500 km crushed stone or improved earth Ports: 3 major Civil air: 19 major transport aircraft Airfields: 5 total, 5 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with. runways 2,440-3,659 m, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate domestic facilities; good international service; good radio and television broadcast coverage; 280,000 telephones; 356,000 radio and 269,000 TV sets; 2 AM, 4 FM, and 2 TV stations; SEACOM submarine cable extends to Hong Kong via Sabah, Malaysia; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 628,000; 447,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, $389.5 million; about 18.5% of central government budget SOMALIA LAND 637,140 km2; 13% arable (0.3% cultivated), 32% grazing, 14% scrub and forest, 41% mainly desert, urban, or other Land boundaries: 2,263 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 3,025 km PEOPLE Population: 3,265,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (7-65 to 7-72) January 1977 Indian Ocean Nationality: noun-Somali(s); adjective-Somali Ethnic divisions: 85% Hamitic, rest mainly Bantu; 30,000 Arabs, 3,000 Europeans, 800 Asians Religion: almost entirely Muslim Language: Somali (written form recently instituted by government); Arabic, Italian, English Literacy: under 5% Labor force: 965,000 (1968 est.); very few are skilled laborers; 70% pastoral nomads, 30% agriculturists, government employees, traders, fishermen, handicraftsmen, other Organized labor: law providing for government- controlled labor union promulgated in June 1971, but union so far not established GOVERNMENT Legal name: Somali Democratic Republic Type: republic Capital: Mogadiscio Political subdivisions: 16 regions, 60 districts Organization: the Somali Socialist Revolutionary Party, created on July 1, 1976, has become the new executive body in the country; party has 74-man central committee and 5-man politburo headed by President Siad Government leader: President and Prime Minister, Gen. Mohamed Siad Barre Communists: possibly some Communist sympa- thizers in the government hierarchy Member of: AFDB, EAMA, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $220 million (1973 est:), $70 per capita Agriculture: mainly a pastoral country; main crops-bananas, sugarcane, cotton, cereals; livestock Major industries: a few small industries, including a sugar refinery, tuna and beef canneries, iron rod plant Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Electric power: 18,000 kW capacity (1975); 45 million kWh produced (1975), 15 kWh per capita Exports: $62 million (f.o.b., 1974); bananas, livestock, hides, skins Imports: $129 million (c.i.f., 1974); textiles, cereals, transport equipment, machinery, construction equipment Major trade partners: Italy and Arab countries; $29 million imports from Communist countries (1973 est. ) Monetary conversion rate: 6.295 Somali shil- lings = US$1 Fiscal year: 1 January - 31 December COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 13,541 km; 936 km paved, 770 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil, 11,835 km improved or unimproved earth Ports: 3 major (Mogadiscio, Berbera, Chisimaio) Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 56 total, 42 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 14 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: telephone poor, telegraph fair; 4,740 telephones; 68,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 768,000; 424,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1972, 19,400,000; 25.3% of central government budget SOUTH AFRICA NOTE: separate data on Transkei follows last entry for South Africa LAND 1,222,480 km2; (includes enclave of Walvis Bay, 1,124 km2); 12% cultivable, 2% forested, 86% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 2,044 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 2,881 km PEOPLE Population: 26,493,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.7% (7-65 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-South African(s); adjective- South African SOUTH LE TH Indian Ocean AEDIPA Ethnic divisions: 17.8% white, 69.9% African, 9.4% Colored, 2.9% Asian Religion: primarily Christian except Asian and African; 60% of Africans are animists Language: Afrikaans and English official, Africans have many vernacular languages Literacy: almost all white population literate; government estimates 35% of Africans literate Labor force: 8.7 million (total of economically active, 1970); 53% agriculture, 8% manufacturing, 7% mining, 5% commerce, 27%`miscellaneous services Organized labor: about 7% of total labor force is unionized (mostly white workers); nonwhites have no bargaining power GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of South Africa Type: republic Capital: administrative, Pretoria; legislative, Cape Town; judicial, Bloemfontein Political subdivisions: 4 provinces, each headed by centrally appointed administrator; provincial councils, elected by white electorate, retain limited powers Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and English common law; constitution enacted 1961, changing the Union of South Africa into a Republic; possibility of judicial review of Acts of Parliament concerning dual official languages; accepts compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President as formal chief of state; Prime Minister as head of government; Cabinet responsible to bicameral legislature; lower house elected directly by white electorate; upper house indirectly elected and appointed; judiciary maintains substantial independence of government influence Government leader: Prime Minister Balthazar Johannes Vorster Suffrage: general suffrage limited to whites over 18 (17 in Natal Province) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Elections: must be held at least every 5 years; last elections April 1974 Political parties and leaders: National Party, B. J. Vorster, P. W. Botha, C. Mulder, M. C. Botha, Jan De Klerk; United Party, Sir De Villiers Graaff; Progressive-Reform Party, Colin Eglin, Harry Schwarz, Helen Suzman; Herstigte Nasionale party, Albert Hertzog Voting strength: (1974 general elections) parlia- mentary seats: 122 National Party, 41 United Party, 6 Progressive Party Communists: small Communist Party illegal since 1950; party in exile maintains headquarters in London; Dr. Yasuf Dadoo, Moses Kotane, Joe Slovo Other political groups: (insurgent groups in exile) African National Congress (ANC), Oliver Tambo; Pan-Africanist Congress (PAC), leadership in dispute Member of: GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N., UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $29.6 billion (1975), $1,190 per capita; real growth rate 2.2% (1975) Agriculture: main crops-corn, wool, wheat, sugarcane, tobacco, citrus fruits; dairy products; self- sufficient in foodstuffs Fishing: catch 1.4 million metric tons (1974) Major industries: mining, automobile assembly, metalworking, machinery, textiles, iron and steel, chemical, fertilizer, fishing Electric power: 12,700,000 kW capacity (1975); 75.6 billion kWh produced (1975), 2,920 kWh per capita Exports: $4.2 billion (f.o.b., 1975, excluding gold); wool, diamonds, corn, uranium, sugar, fruit, hides, skins, metals, metallic ores, asbestos, fish products; gold output $2.9 billion (1975) Imports: $7.7 billion (c.i.f., 1975); motor vehicles, machinery, metals, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals Major trade partners: U.K. and other Common- wealth nations, U.S., West Germany, Japan Aid: no substantial military or economic aid Budget: FY77-revenue $7.3 billion, expenditures $9.6 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 SA Rand=US$1.15 as of September 1975, 0.87 SA Rand= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March NOTE: Foreign trade figures are official South African data converted at $1.40 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 19,902 km; 19,196 km 1.065-meter gage of which 2,456 km are multiple track; 4,472 km electrified; 706 km 0.160-meter gage single track Highways: 332,500 km; 52,100 km paved, 76,200 km crushed stone or gravel, 204,200 km improved and unimproved earth Pipelines: 836 km crude oil; 1,030 km refined products; 322 km natural gas Ports: 5 major, 6 minor Civil air: 73 major transport aircraft Airfields: 665 total, 532 usable; 60 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 129 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: the system is the best developed, most modern, and highest capacity in Africa and consists of carrier-equipped open-wire lines, coaxial cables, radio-relay links, and radiocommunication stations; key centers are Bloemfontein, Cape Town, Durban, Johannesburg, Port Elizabeth, and Pretoria; 1.9 million telephones; 2.5 million radio and 100,000 TV receivers; 13 AM, 60 FM, and 18 TV stations; 4 submarine cables; satellite ground-stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,109,000; 3,568,000 fit for military service; obligation for service in Citizen Force begins at 18; volunteers for service in permanent force must be 17 Military budget: for year ending 31 March 1977, $1.6 billion; 17.2% of central government budget NOTE: Formerly an autonomous tribal homeland in South Africa, Transkei was granted independence by South Africa on October 26, 1976, but has not been recognized by any other government or any international organization. It remains heavily dependent on South Africa for administrative and economic support. LAND 44,000 km2 in one large and two small pieces separated from each other by parts of South Africa Land boundaries: 1,200 km WATER Coastline: 250 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 SOUTH AFRICAP PEOPLE Population: 2,098,000, average annual growth rate 2.6% (9-60 to 5-70) Nationality: noun-Transkeian(s); adjective- Transkeian Ethnic division: 98.9% African, 0.6% White, 0.5% Colored (mulatto); Africans belong to Xhosa ethnic group Regligion: Whites and Coloreds predominantly Christian; Africans either animist or Christian Language: Whites, Coloreds, and educated minority of Africans speak Afrikaans or English; bulk of Africans speak Xhosa Literacy: high for Whites and Coloreds; low for Africans Labor force: roughly 400,000 of whom only 50,000 are regularly employed in Transkei; bulk are migrant workers in South Africa Organized labor: no trade union, although some White and Colored wage earners belong to South African unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Transkei Type: republic Capital: Umtata Political subdivisions: 28 administrative districts Legal system: based on English common law and African customary law; decisions of Transkei Supreme Court can be appealed to South African Supreme Court Branches: President as formal chief of state; Prime Minister as head of government; Cabinet responsible to National Assembly, which has 75 seats for hereditary tribal chiefs and 75 seats for popularly elected members Government leader: Prime Minister Kaiser Matanzima Suffrage: Transkeian citizens over 21 years of age Elections: must be held at least every 5 years; last general election October 1976 Political parties and leaders: Transkei National Independence Party, Chief Kaiser Matanzima; Transkei People's Freedom Party, Cromwell Diko; Democratic Party, Hector Ncokazi; New Democratic Party, Knowledge Guzana Voting strength: (1976 general election) National Assembly seats; 142 Transkei National Independence Party, 4 Transkei People's Freedom Party, 2 Democratic Party, 2 New Democratic Party Communists: no Communist Party ECONOMY GDP: estimated at $150 million, $86 per capita Agriculture: cash crops-tea, phormium tenax, small amount of coffee; food crops-corn, sorghum, dry beans; imports over half its foodstuffs from South Africa; two-thirds of Transkei devoted to grazing-1.2 million cattle, 2.5 million sheep, 1.3 million goats Major industries: forestry, textiles, tourism Exports: timber, tea, sacks Imports: foodstuffs, machines, equipment Major trade partners: South Africa Aid: South Africa, almost $500 million since 1970 Budget: $156 million (1976-77),. about 70% of which is provided by the South African government Monetary conversion rate: 1 South; African Rand = US$1.15 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: less than 160 km Highways: 725 km paved, 7,768 km unpaved Ports: none; Transkei dependent on the South African port of East London DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 215,000 Personnel: 254 army (including 7 officers) Major ground units: 1 infantry battalion SOUTH-WEST AFRICA (Namibia) LAND 823,620 km2; mostly desert except for interior plateau and area along northern border Land boundaries: 3,798 km WATER Limits of territorial nm (fishing, '12 nm) Coastline: 1,489 km waters (claimed): 6 PEOPLE Population: 929,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.0% (7-68 to 7-74) Nationality: noun-South West African(s); adjective-South West African Ethnic divisions: 14% white, 81% Africans, 5% Colored (mulattoes); almost half the Africans belong to Ovambo tribe; Damara tribe has almost 45,000 members; Herero, Okavango, Nama tribes have about 30,000 members each Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 SOUTH-WEST Windhaek,k WALVIS BAY-I, (S. Aft-) AFRICA Religion: whites predominantly Christian, nonwhites either animist or Christian Language: Afrikaans principal language of about 70% of white population, German of 22% and English of 8%; several African languages Literacy: high for white population; low for nonwhite Labor force: 203,300 (total of economically active, 1970); 68% agriculture, 15% railroads, 13% mining, 4% fishing Organized labor: no trade unions, although some white wage earners belong to South African unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of South-West Africa Type: former German colony of South-West Africa mandated to South Africa by League of Nations in 1920; U.N. formally ended South Africa's mandate on October 27, 1966, but South Africa has retained administrative control Capital: Windhoek Political subdivisions: 10 tribal homelands, mostly in northern sector, and zone open to white settlement with administrative subdivisions similar to a province of South Africa Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and customary law Branches: administrator, appointee of South African Government, has jurisdiction over zone of white settlement with white-elected Legislative Assembly handling some local matters; white residents also elect representatives in South African Parliament; tribal homelands areinder South-African Department of Bantu Administration and Development with tribal chiefs exercising limited autonomy; popularly elected legislative councils for Ovamboland and Kavango- land established in August 1973 Government leader: B. J. van der Walt, Administrator Suffrage: limited to white adults Elections: last general election, 1974 Political parties and leaders: white parties- National Party (NP), led in South-West Africa by A. H. du Plessis; United National South-West Party (UNSWP), J. P. Niehaus Voting strength: NP (1974 election) won 5 of 6 seats in Republic legislature Communists: no Communist Party, but some influence by South African Communists and other Communists on South-West African blacks outside territory Other political or pressure groups: nonwhite- South-West Africa People's Organization (SWAPO), almost exclusively based on Ovambo tribe led by Sam Nujoma, in exile; South-West Africa National Union (SWANU), primarily based on Hereto tribe, leaders in exile; National Unity Democratic Organization (NUDO), primarily based on Herero tribe led by Clements Kapuuo; Namibian National Convention, an alliance of non-white groups that oppose separate development for tribal homelands ECONOMY Agriculture: livestock raising (cattle and sheep) predominates, subsistence crops (millet, sorghum, corn, and some wheat) are raised but most food must be imported Fishing: catch 30,000 metric tons (1974)(processed mostly in South African enclave of Walvis Bay) Major industries: meatpacking, fish processing, copper, lead, diamond, and uranium mining, dairy products Electric power: 155,000 kW capacity (1975); 535 million kWh produced (1975), 600 kWh per capita Aid: South Africa is only major donor Monetary conversion rate: 1 South African Rand=US$1.15 (as of September 1975); 0.87 SA Rand=US$1 . Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,326 km 1.065-meter gage, single track Highways: 3,379 km; 3,765 km paved, 354 km gravel, remainder earth roads and tracks Ports: 1 major (Walvis Bay), 1 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft (registered. in South Africa) Airfields: 112 total, 88 usable; 13 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 37 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: system is a meager combina- tion of open-wire lines, a single short radio-relay link, and scattered radiocommunication stations; Wind- hoek is the center; 43,000 telephones; unknown number of radio receivers; no AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 SOUTH-WEST AFRICA/SPAIN DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 216,000; about 126,000 fit for military service Defense is responsibility of Republic of South Africa SPAIN LAND 505,050 km2, including Canary (7,511 km2)and Balearic Islands (5,025 km2); 41% arable and land under permanent crops, 27% meadow and pasture, 22% forest, 10% urban or other Land boundaries: 1,899 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 4,964 km (includes Balearic Islands, 677 km, and Canary Islands, 1,158 km) PEOPLE Population: 36,161,000, including the Balearic and Canary Islands; also including Alhucemas, Ceuta, Chafarinas, Melilla, and Penon de Velez de la Gomera (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Spaniard(s); adjective- Spanish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous composite of Mediterranean and Nordic types Religion: 99% Roman Catholic, 1% other sects Language: Castilian Spanish spoken by great majority; but 17% speak Catalan, 7% Galician, and 2% Basque Literacy: about 97% Labor force (1974): 13.3 million; 23% agriculture, 37% industry, 40% services; registered unemployment at end of 1975 was 2.8% of labor force, in reality about 5%-6% Organized labor: 90% of labor force in compulsory government-controlled syndicates GOVERNMENT Legal name: (The) Spanish State Type: a monarchy facing the problem of how to liberalize the authoritarian regime of the late Generalissimo Franco; proclaimed Juan Carlos King, on November 22, 1975 Capital: Madrid Political subdivisions: metropolitan, Spain, including the Canaries and Balearics, divided into 50 provinces with governors appointed by the central government; also 5 places of sovereignty (presidios) on the Mediterranean coast of Morocco; transferred administration of Spanish Sahara to Morocco and Mauritania on February 26, 1976 Legal system: civil law system, with regional applications of customary law; 7 basic laws including Organic Law of the State of January 1967 serve as a constitution; judges decide cases, no jury system; does not accept compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, with King's acts subject to counter-signature, Prime Minister likely to dominate all branches of government through his position as chief of government; legislative with unicameral Cortes dominated by executive (constitutional reform underway to establish bicameral legislature); judicial, independent in principle but generally limited to interpretation of laws Government leaders: King Juan Carlos *I-Chief of State, Commander in Chief of the armed forces, and titular head of the National Movement (formerly called the Falange), Prime Minister Adolfo Suarez Gonzalez Suffrage: universal in national referendums, over age 21 Elections: only two types of direct election other than referendum provided: heads of families and married women choose one-third of the municipal councilors for 6-year term with one-half of councils chosen every three years (latest election November 1973) and, under new constitutional law of 1967, 104 members of the Cortes elected by heads of households and married women for a 4-year term (last election September 1971; September 1975 election postponed probably until early 1977 after referendum on reform of legislature is held) Political parties and leaders: National Movement lost its position as the unitary party when the law of June 1976 authorized political parties; a number of rightist parties have been approved; various semiclandestine opposition groups who have thus far refused to apply for legislation include-Christian Democratic factions under Jose Maria Gil Robles and Joaquin Ruiz Gimenez; the Socialists include the Spanish Socialist Workers Party (PSOE), led by "Young Turk" Felipe Gonzalez, the Popular Socialist Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Party under Enrique Tierno Galvan, and the small new Spanish Social Democratic Union; the Anarchists; Monarchists; smaller regional and national splinter groups; the Spanish Communist Party, whose secretary general, Santiago Carrillo Solares, is in exile, as well as a small dissident pro Soviet faction led by exiled Enrique Lister Forjan; and some small radical Communist groups which appear and disappear under varying names; most of the opposition groups joined one of two loosely-knit coalitions-the Communist-dominated Democratic Junta, formed in July 1974, and the Socialist- Christian Democratic Platform of Democratic convergence, established June 1975; these two groups agreed in March 1976 to merge under name of the Democratic Coordination or "Plata-Junta" Voting strength: 561 seats, but somewhat fewer members as some hold more than one seat-19% representing the family elected directly; 45% representing municipalities, syndicates, and profes- sions elected indirectly under close regime control; and 36% are appointed by regime or are ex officio . Communists: (est.) 50,000; sympathizers formerly estimated at 20,000, probably have increased in political activity since death of Franco; Communist Party claims its newspaper has circulation of more than 100,000 . Other political.or pressure groups: on the extreme left, the illegal Basque Fatherland and Liberty (ETA) and the Anti-Fascist and Patriotic Revolutionary Front (FRAP) use terrorism to oppose the government; on the extreme right, the Guerrillas of Christ the King carry out vigilante attacks on ETA members and other leftists; the state-controlled organization of syndi- cates, comprising representatives of management and labor, is to be reorganized to permit free labor unions; among several illegal but increasingly tolerated labor groups are the Communist-dominated Workers' Commissions; the Catholic Church; business and land owning interests; Opus Dei; Catholic Action; university students Member of: ASSIMER, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $102.7 billion est. (1976), $2,880 per capita; 72.4% consumption, 6.3% investment, 9,7% government 1975; foreign demand -7.7%; real growth rate 1.9% (1976 est.); typical growth rate 25.5% Agriculture: main crops-cereals, oranges, grapes for wine, potatoes, olives, sugar beets; virtually self- sufficient in good crop years; caloric intake, 2,750 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: landed 1,380,000 metric tons valued at $1,090.5 million in 1975; 1,323,521 metric tons at $938.7 million in 1974 Major industries: food processing, textiles and apparel (including footwear), metal manufacturing, chemicals, shipbuilding, automobiles Shortages: crude petroleum Crude steel: 10.3 million metric tons produced (1975), 330 kg per capita Electric power: 25,429,500 kW capacity (1975); 82,4 billion kWh produced (1975), 2,168 kWh per capita Exports: $7,653 million (f.o.b., 1975); principal items-oranges and other fruits, iron and steel products, textiles, wines, mercury, ships, canned fruits, vegetables, and footwear Imports: $16,159 million (c.i.f., 1975); principal items-machinery and transportation equipment, petroleum and petroleum products, grains, cotton, iron and steel Major trade partners: (1975) 44% EC, 17% U.S. and Canada, 6% Latin America, 2% CEMA Aid: economic-U.S., $2.3 billion authorized (FY46-75), IBRD, $427 million authorized (FY64=73), $50.0 million authorized (FY73); military-U. S., $920 million authorized (FY53-75) Budget: (1974) receipts $12,204 billion (704 billion pesetas), expenditures $12,509 billion (721.6 billion pesetas), deficit $305 million (17.6 billion pesetas) Monetary conversion rate: 1 peseta=US$0.0174 (1975 average) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 16,438 km; Spanish National Railways (RENFE) operates 13,413 km 1.668-meter gage, 3,428 km electrified and 2,069 km double track; FEVE (government-owned narrow gage railways) operates 2,016 km, 1,756 km meter gage (1.00 m) and 492 km electrified; privately-owned railways operate 1,009 km, 736 km meter gage (1.00 m), 296 km electrified and 56 km double track Highways: 138,560 km national-56,280 km bituminous treatment, 15,040 km crushed stone, 6,760 km bituminous, stone block and concrete; pro- vincial-29,120 km bituminous treatment, 29,440 km crushed stone, 1,920 km bituminous, concrete, and stone block Inland waterways: 1,045 km; of minor importance as transport arteries and contribute little to economy Pipelines: 386 km crude oil; 1,030 km refined products; 98 km natural gas Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Ports: 23 major, 150 minor Civil air: 188 major transport aircraft (including 3 registered but leased from a foreign country) Airfields (including Balearic and Canary Islands): 91 total, 83 usable; 48 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways over 3,660 m, 18 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 34 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m; 4 seaplane stations Telecommunications: generally adequate, modern facilities; 8.0 million telephones; 8.5 million radio and 6.7 million televison receivers; 170 AM, 238 FM, and 738 TV stations; 10 coaxial submarine cables; 4 communication satellite ground stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 8,620,000; 6,631,000 fit for military service; 290,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $3,378,023,286; about 25.4% of the proposed central government budget SRI LANKA (formerly Ceylon) LAND 65,500 km2; 25% cultivated; 44% forested; 31% waste, urban, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing, 12 nm plus pearling in the Gulf of Mannar, and right to establish 100 nm conservation zone) Coastline: 1,340 km PEOPLE Population: 14,081,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.9% (7-68 to 7-73) Nationality: noun-Sri Lankan(s); adjective,-Sri Lankan Ethnic divisions: 71% Sinhalese, 21% Tamil, 6% Moor, 2% other Religion: 64% Buddhist, 20% Hindu, 9% Christian, 6% Muslim, 1% other Language: Sinhala official, spoken by about 70% of population; Tamil spoken by about 22%; English commonly used in government and spoken by about 10% of the population Literacy: 82% (1970 est.) Labor force: 4 million; 17% unemployed; employed persons-53.4% agriculture, 14.8% mining and manufacturing, 12.4% trade and transport, 19.4% services and other; extensive underemployment Organized labor: 43% of labor force, over 50% of which employed on tea, rubber, and coconut estates GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Sri Lanka Type: independent state since 1948 Capital: Colombo Political subdivisions: 9 provinces, 22 administra- tive districts, and four categories of semiautonomous elected local governments Legal system: a highly complex mixture of English common law, Roman-Dutch, Muslim and customary law; new constitution 22 May 1972; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at Sri Lanka Law College and University of Sri Lanka, Peradeniya; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: unitary parliamentary form of govern- ment; unicameral legislature and independent judiciary Government leader: Prime Minister Sirimavo Bandaranaike Suffrage: universal over age 18, but most Indian Tamils, who comprise 10.6% of population, are not enfranchised Elections: national elections, ordinarily held every 6 years; must be held more frequently if government loses confidence vote; last election held May 1970, but new constitution postpones deadline for next election until May 1977 Political parties and leaders: Sri Lanka Freedom Party, Sirimavo Ratwatte Dias Bandaranaike, President; Lanka Sama Samaja Party (Trotskyite), N. M. Perera, President; Tamil United Front, S. J. V. Chelvanayakam, leader; United National Party, J. R. Jayewardene; Communist Party/Moscow, Pieter Keuneman, General Secretary; Communist Party/ Peking, N. Shanmugathasan, General Secretary; Mahajana Eksath Peramuna (People's United Front), M. B. Ratnayaka, President Voting strength (1970 election): 37% Sri Lanka Freedom Party,. 38% United National Party, 9% Lanka Sama Samaja Party, 3.5% Communist Party/Moscow, 5% Federal Party, minor parties and independents accounted for remainder Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Communists: approximately 169,000 voted for the Communist Party in the May 1970 general election; Communist Party/Moscow approximately 5,000 members (1975), Communist Party/Peking 1,000 members (1970 est.) Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy, Sinhalese Buddhist lay groups; far-left violent revolutionary groups; labor unions Member of: ADB, ANRPC, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $3.1 billion in 1975 (1975 prices), $230 per capita; real growth rate 3.6% (1975) Agriculture: agriculture accounts for about 32% of GNP; main crops-rice, rubber, tea, coconuts; 60% self-sufficient in food; food shortages-rice, wheat, sugar Fishing: catch 110,700 metric tons (1974) Major industries: processing of -rubber, tea, and other agricultural commodities; consumer goods manufacture Electric power: 422,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.3 billion kWh produced (1975), 94 kWh per capita Exports: $558 million (1975); tea, rubber, coconut products Imports: $737 million (1975); food, petroleum, fertilizer Major trade partners: (1975) exports-16.1% China, 12.1% Pakistan, 10.9% U.K.; imports-15.8% .China, 15.2% Saudi Arabia, 10.7% Japan Budget: 1975 est. revenue $573 million, expendi- ture $853 million Monetary conversion rate: 8.6759 rupees=US$1 (June 1976), official rate Fiscal year: 1 January - 31 December (starting 1973) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,535 km; 1,395 km 1.676-meter gage, 140 km 0.762-meter gage; 102 km double track; no electrification; government owned Highways: 52,200 km (1975); 24,300 km paved (mostly bituminous treated), 18,800 km crushed stone or gravel; 9,400 km improved earth or unimproved earth; in addition several thousand km of tracks, mostly unmotorable Inland waterways: 430 km; navigable by shallow- draft craft Ports: 3 major, 9 minor Civil air: 8 major transport (including 1 leased) Airfields: 14 total, 10 usable; 10 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: an inadequate telephone and a less extensive but more efficient telegraph system serves most areas, with greatest concentration around Colombo and Kandy; all areas are served by radio and/or wire broadcast; good international service; 70,000 (est.) telephones; 530,000 radio sets, no TV sets; 6 AM stations, 2 FM, and no TV stations; submarine cables extend to India, Malaysia, Seychelle Islands, and Aden; 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,446,000; 2,596,000 fit for military service; 158,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $21.3 million, 2% of central government budget SUDAN LAND 2,504,530 km2; 37% arable (3% cultivated), 15% grazing, 33% desert, waste, or urban, 15% forest Land boundaries: 7,805 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 853 km PEOPLE Population: 18,428,000 (January 1977), average annual growthrate 2.5% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Sudanese (sing. and adjective-Sudanese pl.); Ethnic divisions: 39% Arab, 6% Beja, 52% Negro, 2% foreigners, 1% other Religion: 73% Sunni Muslims in north, 23% pagan, 4% Christian (mostly in south) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Language: Arabic, Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, and Sudanic languages, English; program of Arabization in process Literacy: 5% to 10% Labor force: 5.8 million; 85% agriculture, 15% industry, commerce, services, etc.; labor shortages exist for almost all categories of employment GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Republic of the Sudan Type: republic under military control since coup in May 1969 Capital: Khartoum Political subdivisions: 18 provinces, provincial and local administrations controlled by central govern- ment; limited regional autonomy in 6 southern provinces Legal system: based on English common law and Islamic law; some separate religious courts; permanent constitution promulgated April 1973; Revolutionary Command Council established in 1969 dissolved in October 1971 with the installation stallation of Ja'far al-Numayri as president and chief executive; Numayri has reorganized government through a series of Republican decrees; legal education at University of Khartoum and Khartoum extension of Cairo University at Khartoum; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Government leader: President Ja'far al-Numayri Suffrage: universal adult Elections: most recent parliamentary elections held in April 1968; presidential plebescite held in September 1971; elections to constituent assembly held in September-October 1972; elections for southern regional assembly held in November 1973; elections for People's Assembly held May 1974; next scheduled presidential election is in October 1977 Political parties and leaders: all parliamentary political parties outlawed since May 1969; the ban on the Sudan Communist Party was not enforced until after abortive coup in July 1971; the government's mass political organization, the Sudan Socialist Union, was formed in January 1972 Communists: party decimated following July 1971 coup and counter-coup, several top leaders executed; actual hard-core membership down to lowest point in years; party control over labor unions, professional groups and university student groups ended; Communists purged from government; party is being reorganized underground under leadership of Secretary-General Muhammad Nujud, 3,500 CP members Other political or pressure groups: Muslim Brotherhood; Ansar Muslim sect, at odds with the military regime since the May coup, defeated in fighting in spring 1970; Sudan Opposition Front, composed of former political party elements and other disgruntled conservative interests, operates in exile Member of: AFDB, APC, Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $4.3 billion (1975), $240 per capita; 8% growth at current prices 1968-69 Agriculture: main crops-sorghum, millet, wheat, sesame, peanuts, beans, barley; not self-sufficient in food production; main cash crops-cotton, gum arabic Major industries: cotton ginning, textiles, brewery, cement, edible oils, soap, distilling, shoes, phar- maceuticals Electric power: 225,000 kW capacity (1975); 655 million kWh produced (1975), 37 kWh per capita Exports: $438 million (f.o.b., 1975); cotton (46%), gum arabic, peanuts, sesame; $102 million exports to Communist countries (FY71) Imports: $887 million (c.i.f., 1975); textiles, petroleum products, vehicles, tea, wheat; $75 million imports from Communist countries (FY71) Major trade partners: U.K., West Germany, Italy, India, U.S.S.R., China Monetary conversion rate: 1 Sudanese pound US$2.87 (official); 0.348 Sudanese pound=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,466 m; 4,754 km 1.067-meter gage, 716 km 1.6096-meter gage plantation line Highways: 10,560 km; 310 km bituminous-treated, 1,100 km crushed stone or gravel, and 9,150 km improved and unimproved earth roads; in addition, there are an undetermined number of tracks Inland waterways: 5,310 km navigable Ports: 1 major (Port Sudan) Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 74 total, 70 usable; 7 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 30 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: large system by African standards, but still barely adequate for size of country; consists of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, multiconductor cables, radiocommunication stations and a tropospheric-scatter link; principal center Khartoum, secondary centers Al Fashir and Port Sudan; 56,000 telephones; 650,000 radio and 100,000 TV receivers; 2 AM stations, no FM, and 1 TV station; 1 submarine cable; satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 4,079,000; 2,500,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 180,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1976, $120,620,300; 9.6% of central government budget Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 SURINAM LAND 142,709 km2; negligible amount of arable and, meadows and pastures, 76% forest, 8% unused but potentially productive, 16% built-on area, wasteland, and other Land boundaries: 1,561 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 386 km PEOPLE .Population: 431,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (1-64 to 1-72) Nationality: noun-Surinamer(s); adjective- Surinamese Ethnic divisions: 31% Creole (Negro and mixed), 37% Hindustani (East Indian), 15.3% Javanese, 10.3% Bush Negro, 2.6% Amerindian, 1.7% Chinese, 1.0% Europeans, 1.7% other and unknown Religion: Muslim, Hindu, Moravian, Roman Catholic, other-in order of size (% figures unknown) Language: Dutch official; English widely spoken; Sranon Tongo (Surinamese, sometimes called Taki- Taki) is native language of Creoles and much of the younger population, and is lingua franca among others; Hindi; Javanese Literacy: 70% to 75% Labor force: 130,000 (1973) Organized labor: approx. 33% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Surinam Type: Parliamentary Democracy Capital: Paramaribo Political subdivisions: 9 districts, each headed by district commissioner responsible to Minister of Internal Affairs Legal system: Dutch civil'law system; constitution adopted November 1975 Branches: Council of Ministers headed by a Prime Minister constitutes the Cabinet; 39-member Parliament popularly elected for 4-year term; court system administered by Attorney-General under Minister of Justice and Police Government leaders: President, Johan H. E. Ferrier; Prime Minister, Henck A. E. Arron Suffrage: universal over age 23 Elections: every 4 years or earlier upon request of Prime Minister; latest held November 1973 won by National. Party Combination (NPK), a creole-based election coalition in which the National Party of Surinam (NPS) is the largest party; new elections will probably be held in 1977 Political parties and leaders: National Party of Surinam (NPS), Henck A. E. Arron; Nationalist Republic Party (PNR), Edward Bruma (principal leftist party); United Hindustani Party (VHP), J. Lachmon; Progressive National Party (PNP), Frank E. Essed; Surinam Democratic Party (SDP), B. F. J. Oostburg; United Indonesian People's Party (SRI), F. Karsowidijojo; Javanese Farmers' Party (KTPI), H. I. Soemita; United People's Party (VVP), led by apolitical or Chinese businessmen Voting strength (1973): NPK 22 seats, Opposition 17; the NPK had a two-vote margin as of early September 1976 following defection from both coastlines Communists: small Democratic Peoples Front (DVF) headed by H. Keerveld; PNP has some Communist sympathizers Member of: EC (associate), ECLA, IBA, ILO, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $395 million (1974); $850 per capita; real growth rate 1974, 5.7% Agriculture: main crops-rice, sugarcane, ba- nanas; self-sufficient in major staple (rice); caloric intake 2,350 calories per day per capita (1968) Major industries: bauxite mining, alumina and aluminum production, lumbering, food processing Electric power: 320,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.6 billion kWh produced (1975), 3,800 kWh per capita Exports: $280 million (f.o.b., 1975); bauxite, alumina, aluminum, wood and wood products, rice Imports: $264 million (c.i.f., 1975); capital equipment, petroleum, iron and steel, cotton, flour, meat, dairy products Major trade partners: exports-39% U.S., 2% Canada, 14% Netherlands; imports-35% U.S., 22% Netherlands, 18% Europe (1971) . Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY54-75), $6.9 million in loans, $4.8 million in grants; from international organizations (FY49-75), $56 million Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Monetary conversion rate: 1 Surinam guilder (S. fl. )= US$0.565 (September 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 166 km; 86 km meter gage (1.00 m) (government-owned) and 80 km narrow gage (industrial lines); all single track Highways: 2,500 km; 500 km paved, 200 km gravel, 600 km improved earth, 1,200 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 4,500 km; most important means of transport; oceangoing vessels with drafts ranging from 4.2 m to 7 m can navigate many of the principal waterways while native canoes navigate upper reaches Ports: 1 major (Paramaribo), 6 minor Civil air: 1 major transport aircraft Airfields: 30 total, 29 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: international facilities good; domestic radio-relay system; 14,000 telephones;. 110,000 radio and 35,000 TV receivers, 5 AM, 1 FM, and 3 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 100,000; 59,000 fit for military service Ships: 3 river patrol craft SWAZILAND LAND 17,353 km2; most of area suitable for crops or pastureland Land boundaries: 435 km PEOPLE Population: 518,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.2% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Swazi(s); adjective-Swazi Ethnic divisions: 96% African, 3% European, 1% mulatto Religion: 43% animist, 57% Christian Language: English and Swati are official languages; government business conducted in English Literacy: about 25% Labor force: 120,000; about 60,000 engaged in subsistence agriculture; 55-60,000 wage earners, many only intermittently, with 31% agriculture, 11% government, 11% manufacturing, 12% mining and forestry, 35% other (1968 est.); 7,900 employed in South African mines (1969) Organized labor: about 15% of wage earners are unionized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Swaziland Type: monarchy, under King Sobhuza ;11; independent member of Commonwealth since September 1968 Capital: Mbabane (administrative), Lobamba (royal and legislative) Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: based on South African Roman- Dutch law in statutory courts, Swazi traditional law and custom in traditional courts; legal education at University of Botswana, Lesotho, and Swaziland (located in Lesotho); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: in April 1973 King abolished the constitution, dismissed parliament, and assumed personal rule; he has ruled under a King-in-Council arrangement with the cabinet being retained as an advisory council; a constitutional. commission submitted recommendations in June 1975, but King has not authorized further action toward a new constitution Government leader: Head of State and govern- ment King Sobhuza II; Prime Minister Maphevu Diamini 1 Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: first elections for Legislative Council held in June 1964; latest for House of Assembly in May 1972 Political parties and leaders: Imbokodvo, the traditionalist party, controlled by King Sobhuza II; the opposition Ngwane National Liberatory Congress (NNLC), led by Dr. Ambrose Zwane, has been dissolved Voting strength: in 1972 elections, Imbokodvo won 21 seats, NNLC won 3 seats in the House of Assembly Communists: no Communist Party Member of: AFDB, FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IMF, ISO, ITU, OAU, U.N., UPU ECONOMY GDP: approx. $200 million (est. FY74), about $420 per capita; growth rate in current prices as much as 11% (FY71-74) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Agriculture: main crops-maize, cotton, rice, sugar, and citrus fruits Major industry: mining Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1975); 125 million kWh produced (1975), 250 kWh per capita Exports: $183 million (f.o.b., 1975); iron ore, asbestos, sugar, wood and forest products, citrus, meat products, cotton Imports: $132 million (f.o.b., 1975); food products, manufactured goods, machinery, fertilizer, fuel Major trade partners: Japan, U.K., South Africa Aid: economic-U.K. $14.7 million (budgeted, 1971-73), U.S. $9.4 million (FY61-75), others approximately $1.3 million; no military aid Budget: FY77-revenue $86 million, recurrent expenditure $47 million, development expenditure $39 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Lilangeni=US$1.15 (as of September 1975) Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 222 km 1.065-meter gage, single track Highways: 3,401 km; 241 km paved, 1,389 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil, and 1,771 km improved or unimproved earth Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 32 total, 26 usable; 1 with runway 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: the system consists of a few open-wire lines and low-powered radiocommunica- tion stations; Mbabane is the center; 6,970 telephones; 55,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 113,000; 65,000 fit for military service LAND 448,070 km2; 8% arable, 1 % meadows and pastures, 55% forested, 36% other Land boundaries: 2,196 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 4 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 3,218 km PEOPLE Population: 8,326,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Swede(s); adjective-Swedish Ethnic divisions: homogeneous white population; small Lappish minority Religion: 92% Evangelical Lutheran, 7% other Protestant, Roman Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, 1% other Language: Swedish, small Lapp- and Finnish- speaking minorities Literacy: 99% Labor force: 4.0 million; 6.4% agriculture, forestry, fishing; 29.2% mining and manufacturing; 7.2% construction; 13.6% commerce; 6.5% transportation and communications; 29.8% services including government; 5% banking, 2.2% unemployed Organized labor: 80% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Sweden Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Stockholm Political subdivisions: 24 provinces, 624 com- munes, 224 towns Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; Acts of 1809, 1810, 1866, and 1949 serve as constitution; legal education at Universities of Lund, Stockholm, and Uppsala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: legislative authority rests with parlia- ment (Riksdag); executive power vested in cabinet, responsible to parliament; Supreme Court, 6 superior courts, 108 lower courts Government leaders: King Carl XVI Gustaf; Prime Minister Thorbjorn Falldin Suffrage: universal, but not compulsory, over age 20 Elections: every 3 years (next in September 1979) Political parties and leaders: Moderate Coalition (conservative), Gosta Bohman; Center, Thorbjorn Falldin; Liberal, Per Ahlmark; Social Democratic, Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Olof Palme; Left Party Communist, Lars Werner; Swedish Communist Party, Gunnar Bylin; Com- munist League of Marxist Leninists-Revolutionary (KFML-R), Frank Baude Voting strength (1976 election): 15.6% Moderate Coalition, 24.1% Center, 11.0% Liberal, 42.9% Social Democratic, 4.7% Communist, 1.7% other Communists: 17,000; a number of sympathizers as indicated by the 257,967 Communist votes cast in 1973 elections; an additional 17,274 votes cast for Maoist KFML Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EC (Free Trade Agreement), EFTA, ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, Nordic Council, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $68.8 billion, $6,850 per capita (1975); 52% consumption, 20.8% investment, 25% government; 2.0% net imports of goods and services (1973); 1974 growth rate 4.5% in constant prices Agriculture: animal husbandry predominates with milk and dairy products accounting for 40% of farm income; main crops-grains, sugar beets, potatoes; 80% self-sufficient; food shortages-oils and fats, tropical' products; caloric intake, 2,880 calories per day per capita (1967-68) Fishing: catch 193,300 metric tons (1974), exports $27 million, imports $136 million Major industries: iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), shipbuilding, wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, textiles, chemicals Shortages: coal, petroleum, textile fibers, potash, salt Crude steel: 5.6 million metric tons produced (1975), 733 kg per capita Electric power: 22,833,000 kW capacity (1975); 79.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 10,000 kWh per capita Exports: $17,394 million (f.o.b., 1975); machinery, motor vehicles and ships, wood pulp, paper products, iron and steel products, metal ores and scrap, chemicals Imports: $18,027 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, motor vehicles, petroleum and petroleum products, textile yarn and fabrics, iron and steel, chemicals, food, and live animals Major trade partners: (1975) 15% West Germany, 11% U.K., 6% U.S., 9% Norway, 8% Denmark; 49% EC-9; 5% U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe Aid: economic-U.S., $349.8 million authorized (FY46-75); $77.5 million in 1973; $24.7 million in 1972; net official aid to less developed countries and multilateral agencies, $662.4 million (1960-70), $159 million in 1971, $198 million in 1972, $275 million in 1973 Budget: 1975-revenues $35.7 billion, expenditures $35.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: 1 kronor=US$0.241 average exchange rate 1974 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 11,931 km; Swedish State Railways (SJ)-11,179 km standard gage (1.435 m), 6,959 km electrified and 1,152 km double track; 182 km 0.891- meter gage; privately-owned railways-472 km standard gage (1.435 m) and 300 km electrified; 158 km 0.891-meter gage electrified Highways: 96,640 km; 67,680 km are crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth; and 28,960 km are bitumen, concrete, stone block, or cobblestone Inland waterways: 2,052 km navigable for small steamers and barges Ports: 17 major, and 30 significant minor Civil air: 60 major transports Airfields: 242 total, 234 usable; 128 with permanent-surface runways; 7 with runways .2,440- 3,659 in, 86 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: excellent domestic and international facilities; 5.37 million telephones; 9 AM, 91 FM, and 240 TV stations; 5 million radio and 2.96 million TV receivers; 10 submarine cables, including 4 coaxial; COMSAT ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,876,000; 1,670,000 fit for military service; 56,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $2.41 billion; about 9.6% of central government budget SWITZERLAND LAND 41,440 km2; 10% arable, 43% meadows and pastures, 20% waste or urban, 24% forested, 3% inland water Land boundaries: 1,884 km PEOPLE Population: 6,415,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.1% (1-73 to 1-76) Nationality: noun-Swiss (sing. & pl.); adjective- Swiss Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Ethnic divisions: total population-69% German, 19% French, 10% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other; Swiss nationals-74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other Religion: 53% Protestant, 46% Roman Catholic Language: Swiss nationals-74% German, 20% French, 4% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other; total population-69% German, 19% French, 10% Italian, 1% Romansch, 1% other Literacy: 98% Labor force: 3.0 million, about one-fifth foreign workers, mostly Italian; 16% agriculture and forestry, 47% industry and crafts, 20% trade and trans- portation, 5% professions, 2% in public service, 10% domestic and other; approximately 0.4% unemployed in August 1975 Organized labor: 20% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Swiss Confederation Type: federal republic Capital: Bern Political subdivisions: 22 cantons (3 divided into half cantons); a local referendum held in Bern Canton in 1975 indicated that three districts wished to form a separate canton for a portion of the French-speaking Jura region Legal system: civil law system influenced by customary law; constitution adopted 1874, amended since; judicial review of legislative acts, except with respect to Federal decrees of general obligatory character; legal education at Universities of Bern, Geneva and Lausanne, and four other university schools of law; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: bicameral parliament has legislative Suffrage: universal over age 20 Elections: held every 4 years; next elections 1979 Political parties and leaders: Social Democratic Party (SPS), Arthur Schmid, president; Radical Democratic Party (FDP), Henri Schmitt, president; Christian Conservative People's Party (CVP), Franz Josef Kurmann, president; Swiss People's Party (SVP), Hans Conzett, president; Communist Party (PdA), Jean Vincent, leading Secretariat member; National Action Party (N.A.), James Schwarzenbach Voting strength (1975 election): 22.2% FDP, 20.6% CVP, 25.4% SPS, 10.2% BGB, 2.2% PdA, 2.5% N.A., 3.0% Rep, 6.2% LdU, 2.3% Lidus, 2.0% EvP, 1.3% POSH, 2.2% other Communists: less than 60,000 votes in 1975 election Other parties: Landesring (LdU); Republican Movement (Rep); Liberal Democratic Union (Lidus); Evangelical Party (EvP); Maoist Party (POSH/PSA) Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, EFTA, ELDO (observer), ESRO, FAO, GATT, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, IEA, ILO, IMCO, IPU, ITU, IWC- International Wheat Council, OECD, U.N. (perma- nent observer), UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $56.03 billion (1975, in 1975 prices), $8,590 per capita; 59.2% consumption, 20.8% investment, 13.0% government, net foreign balance 7.0% (1975); 1966-75 growth rate 2.2%, constant prices Agriculture: dairy farming predominates; less than 50% self-sufficient; food shortages-fish, refined sugar, fats and oils (other than butter), grains, eggs, fruits, vegetables, meat; caloric intake, 3,190 calories, per day per capita (1969-70) Major industries: machinery, chemicals, watches, textiles, precision instruments Shortages: practically all important raw materials except hydroelectric energy Electric power: 12,700,000 kW capacity (1975); 41.8 billion kWh produced (1975), 6,550 kWh per capita Exports: $13.0 billion (f.o.b., 1975); principal items-machinery and equipment, chemicals, precision instruments, metal products, textiles, foodstuffs Imports: $13.3 billion (c.i.f., 1975); principal items-machinery and transportation equipment, metals and metal products, foodstuffs, chemicals, textile fibers and yarns authority; federal council (Bundesrat) has executive Major trade partners: 55% EC (21% West authority; justice left chiefly to cantons Germany, 11% France, 8% Italy, 6% U.K.); 10% Government leader: Rudolph Gnaegi (1-year term as President began on January 1976), President EFTA (5% Austria); 7%' countries (1975) U.S.; 4% Communist Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Aid: economic-authorized, U.S. $107 million through FY74; net official economic aid delivered to less developed areas and multilateral agencies $325 million (1962-74), $68 million in 1974 Budget: receipts, $4,739 million, expenditures $5,246 million, deficit $507 million (1975) Monetary conversion rate: 2.5813 Swiss francs= US$1 (average 1975, floating) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,098 km; 2,895 km government-owned (SBB), 2,822 km standard gage (1.435 m); 73 km narrow gage (1.00 m); 1,339 km double track, 99% electrified; 2,203 km non-government owned, 710 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,418 km meter-gage (1.00 m), 75 km 0.790-meter gage, 100% electrified Highways: 60,512 km, all paved Pipelines: 314 km crude oil; 1,046 km natural gas Inland waterways: 65 km; Rhine River-Basel to Rheinfelden, Schaffhausen to Constanz; in addition, there are 12 navigable lakes ranging in size from Lake Geneva to Hallwilersee Ports: 1 major (Basel), 2 minor Civil air: 80 major transport aircraft Airfields: 79 total, 73 usable; 40 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runways over 3,660 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 11 with runways 1,220- 2,439 in Telecommunications: excellent domestic, interna- tional, and broadcast services; 3.96 million telephones; COMSAT station; 2.09 million radio and 1.79 million TV receivers; 7 AM, 94 FM, and 332 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,539,000; 1,331,000 fit for military service; 49,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $1,186 million; 19.7% of central government budget LAND 186,480 km2 including 1,295 km2 of Israeli- occupied territory; 48% arable, 29% grazing, 2% forest, 21% desert Land boundaries: 2,196 km (1967) (excluding occupied area 2,156 km) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 193 km PEOPLE Population: 7,722,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.3% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Syrian(s); adjective-Syrian Ethnic divisions: 90.3% Arab; 9.7% Kurds, Armenians, and other Religion: 70.5% Sunni Muslim, 16.3% other Muslim sects, 13.2% Christians of various sects Language: Arabic, Kurdish, Armenian; French and English widely understood Literacy: about 40% Labor force: 2 million; 67% agriculture, 12% industry (including construction), 21% miscellaneous services; majority unskilled; shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: 5% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Syrian Arab Republic Type: republic; under left-wing military regime since March 1963 Capital: Damascus Political subdivisions: 13 provinces and city of Damascus administered as separate unit Legal system: based on Islamic law and civil law system; special religious courts; constitution promulgated in 1973; legal education at Damascus University and University of Aleppo; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive powers vested in President and Council of Ministers; legislative power rests in the People's Assembly; seat of power is the Ba'th Party Regional (Syrian) Command Government leaders: President Hafiz Al-Asad Suffrage: universal at age 18 Elections: no electoral laws being drafted; last elections in December 1961; presidential referendum in 1971; local councils elected in March 1972 Political parties and leaders: ruling party is the Arab Socialist Resurrectionist (Ba'th) party;. the Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 "national front" cabinet is dominated by Ba'thists, but includes independents and members of the Syrian Arab Socialist Party (ASP), Arab Socialist Union (ASU), and Syrian Communist Party (SCP) Communists: mostly sympathizers, numbering about 5,000 Other political or pressure groups: non-Ba'th parties have little effective political influence; Communist Party ineffective; greatest threat to Ba'thist regime lies in factionalism in Ba'th Party itself; conservative religious leaders Member of: Arab League, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GDP: $2.4 billion, est. (1975), $330 per capita; real GDP growth rate 12%, 1975 est. Agriculture: main crops-cotton, wheat, barley and tobacco; sheep and goat raising; self-sufficient in most foods in years of good weather Major industries: textiles, petroleum (est. 190,000 b/d production, refining capacity is 315,000 b/d), food processing, beverages, tobacco Electric power: 1.5 million kW capacity (1975); 1.7 billion kWh produced (1975), 230 kWh per capita Exports: $890 million (f.o.b., 1975); petroleum, cotton, fruits and vegetables, grain, wool, and livestock Imports: $1,500 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery and metal products, textiles, fuels, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports-U.S.S.R., Italy, and Lebanon; imports-Lebanon, West Germany, Italy, U.S.S.R., Japan, and France Budget: 1976 est.-revenues $4.4 billion (including Arab aid payments), expenditures $4.4 billion Monetary conversion rate: 3.70 Syrian pounds= US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,543 km; 1,281 km standard gage, 262 km narrow gage (1.050 m) Highways: 11,500 km; 6,930 km paved, 1,300 km gravel or crushed stone, 2,470 km improved earth, 800 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 672 km; of little importance Pipelines: 1,304 km crude oil; 515 km refined products Ports: 3 major (Tartus, Latakia, Baniyas), 2 minor Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft January 1977 Airfields: 38 total, 33 usable; 24 with permanent- surface runways; 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: good international and domestic service; 143,300 telephones; 1 million radio and 224,000 TV receivers; 5 AM, no FM and 5 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,761,000; 984,000 fit for military service; about 93,000 reach military age (19) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $713,243,000; 25.2% of central government budget LAND 939,652 km2 (including islands of Zanzibar and Pemba, 2,642 km2); 6% inland water, 15% cultivated, 31% grassland, 48% bush forest, woodland, on mainland, 60% arable, of which 40% cultivated on islands of Zanzibar and Pemba Land boundaries: 3,883 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm Coastline: 1,424 km (this includes 113 km Mafia Island; 177 km Pemba island; and 212 km Zanzibar) PEOPLE Population: 15,772,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.7% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Tanzanian(s); adjective- Tanzanian` Ethnic divisions: 99% native Africans consisting of well over 100 tribes; 1% Asian, European, and Arab Religion: Tanganyika-40% Animist, 30% Christian, 30% Muslim; Zanzibar-almost all Muslim Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Language: Swahili and English official, English primary language of commerce, administration and higher education; Swahili widely understood and generally used for communication between ethnic groups; first language of most people is one of the local languages Literacy: 15%-20% Labor force: under 400,000 in paid employment, over 90% in agriculture .Organized labor: 15% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Republic of Tanzania Type: republic; single parties dominate both on the mainland and on Zanzibar; government campaign to unite two parties moving slowly Capital: Dar es Salaam Political subdivisions: 25 regions-20 on main- land, 5 on Zanzibar islands Legal system: based on English common law, Islamic law, customary law, and German civil law system; interim constitution adopted 1965; judicial review of legislative acts limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at,University of Dar es Salaam; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President Julius Nyerere has full executive authority on the mainland; National Assembly dominated by Nyerere and the Tanganyika African National Union (TANU); newly restructured National Assembly consists of 218 members, including 57 appointed from Zanzibar, 65 appointed from the mainland, plus 96 directly elected from the mainland; First Vice President Aboud Jumbe and the Revolutionary Council still run Zanzibar despite the efforts of Nyerere to integrate the islands into the political system of the mainland Government leader: President Julius Nyerere Suffrage: universal adult Political party and leaders: Tanganyika African National Union (TANU), only mainland political party, dominated by Nyerere with Prime Minister and Second Vice President Rashidi Kawawa as his top lieutenant;. Afro-Shirazi Party, the only party in Zanzibar Voting strength (October 1975 national elec- tions): over 5 million registered voters; Nyerere received 95% of about 4 million votes cast; general parliamentary elections scheduled for Fall of 1980 Communists: a few Communist sympathizers, especially on Zanzibar Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, EAC, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY Mainland: GDP: $2,300 million at current prices (1975), about $150 per capita; real growth rate, 4% (1970-75) Agriculture: main crops-cotton, coffee, sisal on mainland; imports food grains Fishing: catch 167,700 metric tons (1974); exports valued at $356,0.00, imports $1.4 million (1974) Major industries: primarily agricultural processing (sugar, beer, cigarettes, sisal twine), diamond mine, oil refinery, shoes, cement, textiles, wood products Electric power: 235,000 kW capacity (1975); 550 million kWh produced (1975), 35 kWh per capita Exports: $390 million (f.o.b., 1975); coffee, cotton, sisal, cashew nuts, meat, diamonds, cloves, tobacco, tea Imports: $800 million (c.i.f., 1975); manufactured goods, machinery and transport equipment, cotton piece goods, crude oil, foodstuffs Major trade partners: exports-China, U.K., Hong Kong, India, Kenya, U.S.; imports-U.K., China, Kenya, West Germany, U.S., Japan Aid: about $160 million in aid is committed for 1976 from EC, China, IMF, U.S.; China has extended $245 million in aid since 1967, primarily for Tan-Zum Railway Budget: (1976 est.) receipts $560 million, expenditures $856 million Monetary conversion rate:- 8.4 Tanzanian shillings = US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June Zanzibar: GNP: $35 million (1967) Agriculture: main crops-cloves, coconuts Industries: agricultural processing Electric power: see Tanganyika (above) Exports: $12.6 million (1968); cloves and clove products, coconut products Imports: $5.6 million (1968); mainly foodstuffs and consumer goods Major trade partners: imports-China, Japan, and mainland Tanzania; exports-Singapore, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, India, Pakistan Aid: U.K. principal source of aid until 1964; U.S. $86 million FY58-73; China is currently major source Exchange rate: 1 Tanzanian shilling= US$0.14; 7.143 Tanzanian shillings=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,555 km; 960 km 1.065-meter gage; 2,595 km meter gage (1.00 m), 6.4 km double track; Tanzania portion of Tan-Zam Railroad completed Highways: total 42,695 km, including 627 km on Zanzibar Island and 445 km on Pemba and Mafia Islands; about 2,625 km bituminous treated (595 km on Zanzibar and Pemba); 40,070 km gravel, crushed stone, or unimproved earth Pipelines: 982 km crude oil; 225 km natural gas Inland waterways: 730 mi. of navigable streams; several thousand mi. navigable on Lakes Tanganyika, Victoria, and Nyasa Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 TANZANIA/THAILAND Ports: 3 major (Dar es Salaam, Mtwara, Tanga) Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft Airfields: 107 total, 100 usable; 9 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 in, 42 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph good in main centers, only fair outside main towns; 58,000 telephones; 232,000 radio receivers; 4 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,557,000; 2,041,000 fit'for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1977, $154.9 million; 17% of central government budget LAND 512,820 km2; 24% in farms, 56% forested, 20% other Land boundaries: 4,868 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 3,219 km PEOPLE Population: 43,736,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (7-70 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Thai (sing. & pl.); adjective- Thai Ethnic divisions: 75% Thai, 14% Chinese, 11% minorities Religion:. 95.5% Buddhist, 4% Muslim, 0.5% Christian Language: Thai; English secondary language of elite Literacy: 70% Labor force: 78% agriculture, 15% services, 7% industry GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Thailand Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Bangkok Political subdivisions: 71 centrally controlled provinces Legal system: based on civil law system, with influences of common law; new constitution promulgated 7 October 1974; legal education at Thammasat University; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: King is head of state with nominal powers; Prime Minister heads an 18-man cabinet; unicameral legislature appointed by King; military- staffed Prime Minister's office; judiciary relatively independent except in important political subversive cases - - Government leaders: King Phumiphon Adundet; Thanin Kraiwichian, Prime Minister; Chan Thrawichit, Deputy Prime Minister for Civilian Affairs; Bunchai Bamrung Phong, Deputy Prime Minister for Military Affairs Elections: suspended Political parties: suspended Communists: strength of illegal Communist Party is about -1,000; Thai Communist insurgents throughout Thailand total about 8,000 Member of: ADB, ANRPC, ASEAN, ASPAC, Colombo Plan, ESCAP, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, SEAMES, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $14.5 billion (1975),"$340 per capita; 7% real growth in1975 (6.3% real growth, 1969-74) Agriculture: world's third largest rice exporter in 1974; main crops-rice, sugar, corn, rubber. tapioca Fishing: catch 1.5 million metric tons valued at $420 million (1974); exports, 88,000 metric tons, $77 million (1974) Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles, wood and wood products, cement,'tin and tungsten ore mining; world's second largest tungsten producer and third largest tin producer Shortages: fuel sources, including coal, petroleum; scrap iron, and fertilizer Electric power: 2,440,000 kW capacity (1975); 8.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 200 kWh per capita Exports: $2,251 million (f.o.b., 1975); rice, sugar, corn, rubber, tin, tapioca, kenaf Imports: $3,276 million (c.i.f., 1975); -machinery and transport equipment, fuels and lubricants, base metals, chemicals, and fertilizer Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Major trade partners: exports-Japan, U.S., Singapore, Netherlands, Hong Kong, Malaysia; imports-Japan, U.S., West Germany, U.K.; about 1% or less trade with Communist countries Budget: (FY76) receipts $2,433 million, expendi- tures $3,134 million, deficit $701 million; 17% military, 83% civilian Monetary conversion rate: 20.0 baht=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,833 km meter gage (1.00 m), 97 km double track Highways: 28,806 km; 14,773 km paved, 4,731 km crushed stone or gravel, 9,302 km earth and laterite Inland waterways: 3,999 km mi. principal waterways; 3,701 km with navigale depths of 0.9 m or more throughout the year; numerous minor waterways navigable by shallow-draft native craft Ports: 2 major, 16 minor Civil air: 25 major transport aircraft Airfields: 158 total, 157 usable; 55 with permanent-surface runways; 10 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 28 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: service to general public improved, but inadequate; bulk of service to government activities provided by radiocommunica- tion stations and radio-relay network; satellite ground station; 312,000 telephones; over 3 million radios; and over 650,000 televisions; approx. 110 AM, 30 FM, and 10 TV stations in government-controlled networks DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 11,018,000; 6,707,000 fit for military service; about 462,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 September 1977, .$604 million; 17.9% of central government budget LAND 56,980 km2; nearly one-half is arable, under 15% cultivated Land boundaries: 1,646 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 56 km PEOPLE Population: 2,304,000 (January .1977), average annual growth rate 2.4% (7-73 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Togolese (sing. adjective-Togolese UPPER VOLTA Ethnic divisions: 37 tribes; largest and most important are Ewe in south and Cabrais in north; under 1% European and Syrian-Lebanese Religion: about 20% Christian, 5% Muslim, 75% animist Language: French, both official and language of commerce; major African languages are Ewe and Mina in the south and Dagomba and Kabie in the north Literacy: 54.9% of school age (7-14) currently in school Labor force: over 90% of population engaged in subsistence agriculture; about 30,000 wage earners, evenly divided between public and private sectors Organized labor: 1 national union, the CNTT organized in 1972 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Togolese Republic Type: republic; under military rule since January 1967 Capital: Lome Political subdivisions: 21 circumscriptions Legal system: based on French civil law and customary practice; no constitution; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: military government, ' with civilian- dominated cabinet, took over on 14 April 1967, replacing provisional government created after January coup; no legislature; separate judiciary including State Security Court established 1970 Government leader: General Gnassingbe Eyad@ma, President, Minister of National Defense, and Armed Forces Chief of Staff Suffrage: universal adult Elections: presidential referendum of January 1972 elected Gen. Eyadema for indefinite period Political parties: single party formed by President Eyadema in September 1969, Rassemblement du Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Peuple Togolais, structure and staffing of party closely Supply: most military materiel obtained from controlled by government France Communists: no Communist Party; possibly some Military budget: ifor fiscal year ending '31 sympathizers December 1976, $13,302,308; 6.3% of central Member of: AFDB, CEAO (observer), EAMA, government budget ECA, ECOWAS, ENTENTE, FAO, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $471 million (1975), about $210 per capita; estimated real growth 1966-70, 5.3% average annual rate Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, cocoa, cotton; major food crops-yams, cassava, corn, beans, rice, millet, sorghum, fish; must import some foodstuffs Major industries: phosphate mining, agricultural processing, handicrafts, textiles, beverages Electric power: 30,000 kW capacity (1975); 100 million kWh produced (1975), 44 kWh per capita Exports: $124 million (f.o.b., 1975); phosphates, cocoa, coffee, palm kernels, and cassava Imports: $150 million (f.o.b., 1975); consumer goods, fuels, machinery, tobacco, foodstuffs Major trade partners: mostly with France and other EC countries Aid: 1975 disbursements-France, $13.6 million; West Germany, $2.5 million; EEC, $1.5 million; U.S., $1.1 million; FY59-75 total commitments-EC, $62.9 million; U.S., $28 million; U.N., $16.8 million; others, $24.6 million; China (1973), $45 million Budget: 1976 revenues and expenditures, $217.5 million Monetary conversion rate: Communaute Finan- ciere Africaine 248.12 francs = US$1 as of August 1976 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 442 km meter gage (1.00 m), single track Highways: approx. 7,172 km; 1,049 km paved, 6,123 km gravel/earth Inland waterways: section of Mono River and about 50 km of coastal lagoons and tidal creeks Ports: 1 major (Lome), 1 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 11 total, 11 usable; 1 with permanent- surface runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: poor system based on skeletal network of open-wire lines supplemented by a few radiocommunication stations; only center is Lome; 6,100 telephones; 51,000 radio receivers; 2 AM, 1 FM radio station, 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 493,000; 260,000 fit for military service; no conscription LAND 997 km2 (150 islands); 77% arable, 3% pasture, 13% forest, 3% inland water, 4% other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 419 km (est.) PEOPLE Population: 107,000 (January 1977),' average annual growth rate 3.2% (7-67 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Tongan(s); adjective-Tongan Ethnic divisions: Polynesian, about 300 Europeans Religion: Christian; Free Wesleyan Church claims over 30,000 adherents Language: Tongan, English Literacy: 90%-95%; compulsory education for children between ages of 6-14 Labor force: agriculture 10,303; mining 599 Organized labor: unorganized GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Tonga Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Nukualofa Political subdivisions: 3 main island groups (Tongatapu, Haapi, Vavau) Legal system: based on English law Branches: Executive (King and Privy Council); Legislative (Legislative Assembly composed of 7 nobles elected by their peers, 7 elected representatives of the people, 7 Ministers of the Crown; the King Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 appoints one of the 7 nobles to be the speaker); Judiciary (Supreme Court, magistrate courts, Land Court) Government leaders: King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV; Premier, Prince Tu'ipelehake (younger brother of the King) Suffrage: granted to all literate adults over 21 years of age who pay taxes Elections: held perennially Communists: none known Member of: ADB,' Commonwealth ECONOMY GNP: $39 million (1975), $380 per capita Agriculture: largely dominated by coconut and banana production with subsistence crops of taro, yams, sweet potatoes, and bread fruit Electric power: 4,000 kW capacity (1975); 7 million kWh produced (1975), 69 kWh per capita Exports: $10 million (f.o.b., 1975); 65% copra, 7% coconut products, 8% bananas Imports: $28 million (c.i.f., 1975); food, machinery, and petroleum Major trade partners: (FY74) exports-25% Netherlands, 22% Australia, 20% New Zealand, 11% Norway; imports-63% New Zealand and Australia Budget: (FY76) revenues $6.7 million, expenditures $8.3 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Tonga dol- lar= US$1.40 (1976) Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 249 km (1974); 177 km rolled stone; 72 km coral base Ports: 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total; 4 usable, 1 with grass runway 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 1,090 telephones; 10,000 radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM station TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO LAND 5,128 km2; 41.9% in farms (of which 25.7% cropped or fallow, 1.5% pasture, 10.6% forests, 4.1 % unused or built-on), 58.1 % outside of farms, including grassland, forest, built-up area, and wasteland WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 362 km PEOPLE Population: 1,033,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.3% (4-60 to 4-70) Caribbean Sea Atlantic Ocean Nationality: noun-Trinidadian(s), Tobagon- ian(s); adjective-Trinidadian Ethnic divisions: 43% Negro, 40% East Indian, 14% mixed, 1% white, 2% other . Religion: 26.8% Protestant, 31.2% Roman Catholic, 23% Hindu, 6% Muslim, 13% unknown Language: English Literacy: 89% Labor force: about 376,000 (1973 est.), about 15.4% agriculture, 18.7% mining, quarrying, and manufacturing, 16.7% commerce; 16.2% construction and utilities; 7.4% . transportation and com- munications; 21.8% services, 3.8% other Organized labor: 30% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Trinidad and Tobago Type: independent state since August 1962; in August country officially became a republic severing legal ties with British crown Capital: Port-of-Spain Political subdivisions: .8 counties (29 wards, Tobago is 30th) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution came into effect 1962; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislative branch consists of 36-member elected House of Representatives and 24-member appointed Senate; executive is cabinet led by the Prime Minister; judiciary is headed by the Chief Justice and includes a Court of Appeal, High Court, and lower courts Government leader: Prime Minister, Dr. Eric Williams Suffrage: universal over age 21; to be lowered to 18 under new constitution Elections: elections to be held at intervals of not more than five years; last election held 13 September 1976 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Political parties and leaders: People's National Movement (PNM), Dr. Eric Williams; United Labor Front (ULF),.Baseo Panday; Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Vernon Jamadar; Democratic Action Congress (DAC), Arthur Napoleon Raymond Robinson; West Indian National Party (WINP), Ashford Sinanani; Tapia House Group, Lloyd Best Voting strength (1976 election): 56% of registered voters cast ballots; PNM captured 24 seats in House of Representatives, ULF 10, and DAC the two Tobago seats Communists: not significant Other political pressure groups: National Youth Congress (NYC); Oilfield Workers Trade Union (OWTU); National Joint Action Committee (NJAC), antigovernment, ex-tremist organization; United Revolutionary Organization (URO), Marxist-led amalgam; United Labour Front (ULF), loose coalition of oilfield and sugar workers Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT, IADB, IBRD, International Coffee Agree- ment, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,500 million (1974), $1,500 per capita; real growth rate 1974, negligible Agriculture: main crops-sugarcane, cocoa, coffee, rice, citrus, bananas; largely dependent upon imports of food Fishing: catch 3,380 metric tons (1974); exports $1.1 million (1974), imports $4.5 million (1974) Major industries: petroleum, tourism, food processing, cement Electric power: 335,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.2 billion kWh produced (1975), 1,250 kWh per capita Exports: $1.8 billion (f.o.b., 1975); petroleum and petroleum products ($1.5 million), sugar, cocoa Imports: $1.5 billion (c.i.f., 1975); crude petroleum ($749 million), machinery, fabricated metals, transportation equipment, manufactured goods, food Major trade partners: (excludes trade under petroleum agreement) exports-U.S. 37%, U.K. 11%, CARIFTA 21%; imports-U.S. 34%, U.K. 23%, CARIFTA 10% (1972) Aid: economic-from U.S. (FY46-75), $40.5 million in grants; from international organizations (FY53-75), $14.8 million Budget: (1974) central government revenues $609 million, expenditures $285 million Monetary conversion rate: floating with pound sterling; in February 1975, TT$2.3682=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 6,750 km; 4,000 km paved, 2,750 km gravel or otherwise improved Pipelines: 430 km crude oil; 19 km refined products; 209 km natural gas Ports: 3 major (Port of Spain, Chaquaramars Bay, Point Tembladora), 6 minor Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft Airfields: 8 total, 7 usable; 4 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: excellent international service via tropospheric scatter links to Barbados and Guyana; good local service; COMSAT ground station; 68,600 telephones; 300,000 radio and 102,700 TV receivers; 2 AM, 2 FM, and 3 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 257,000; 183,000 fit for military service Supply: mostly from U.K. LAND 164,206 km2; 28% arable land and tree crops, 23% range and esparto grass, 6% forest, 43% desert, waste or urban Land boundaries: 1,408 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing, 12 nm exclusive fisheries zone follows the 50- meter isobath for part of the coast, maximum 65 nm) Coastline: 1,143 km (includes offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 5,975,000 (January 1977), average annual growth,rate 2.3% (7-74 to 7-75) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Nationality: noun-Tunisian(s); adjective- Tunisian Ethnic divisions: 98% Arab, 1% European, less than 1 % Jewish Religion: 95% Muslim, 4% Christian, 1% Jewish Language: Arabic (official), Arabic and French (commerce) Literacy: about 32% Labor force: 1.4 million; 45% agriculture, 19% manufacturing and construction, 5% trade and finance, 3% transportation, communications, and utilities, 2% mining; 25% underemployed; shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: 10% of labor force; General Union of Tunisian Workers (UGTT), subordinate to Destourian Socialist Party GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Tunisia Type: republic Capital: Tunis Political subdivisions: 17 governorates (provinces) Legal system: based on French civil law system and Islamic law; constitution patterned on Turkish and U.S. constitutions adopted 1959; some judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court in joint session; legal education at Institute of Higher Studies and Ecole Superieure de Droit of the University of Tunis; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislative largely advisory; judicial, patterned on French system and Koranic law Government leader: President Habib Bourguiba; Prime Minister Hedi Nouira Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: national elections held every 5 years; last elections 2 November 1974 Political party and leader: Destourian Socialist Party, Habib Bourguiba Voting strength (1974 election): 100% Destourian Socialist Party Communists: 1,000 (1960's est.); Tunisian Communist Party proscribed in January 1963 ' Member of: AFDB, Arab League, AIOEC, EC (association until 1974), FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, IWC-Interna- tional Wheat Council, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $4.4 billion (1975 est.), $760 per capita; real growth of 9% in 1975 Agriculture: cereal farming and livestock herding predominate; main crops-wheat, barley, olives, fruits (especially citrus), viticulture, vegetables, dates Major sectors: tourism, mining, food processing, textiles and leather, light manufacturing, construction materials, chemical fertilizers, petroleum Electric power: 425,000 kW capacity (1975); 1.3 billion kWh produced (1975), 222 kWh per capita Exports: $856 million (f.o.b., 1975); 34% petroleum, 20% phosphates, 18% olive oil Imports: $1,424 million (c.i.f., 1975); 36% raw materials, 23% machinery and . equipment, 14% consumer goods, 19% food and beverages, 3% energy, 5% other Major trade partners: exports-19% France, 19% Italy, 13% West Germany, 10% Libya; imports-36% France, 15% U.S., 9% Italy, 7% West Germany (1971) Monetary conversion rate: 0.402 dinar=US$1 (trade rate) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,999 km; 473 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,526 km meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 16,093 km; 10,646 km bitimunous; 483 km gravel; 1,609 km improved earth; 3,355 km unimproved earth Pipelines: 797 km crude oil; 10 km refined products; 72 km natural gas Ports: 4 major, 8 minor Civil air: 12 major transport aircraft Airfields: 34 total, 29 usable; 11 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 15 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: the system is above the African average in amount and capacity of facilities which consist of open-wire lines with multiconductor cable or radio relay on trunk routes; key centers are Safaqis, Susah, Bizerte, and Tunis; 114,250 telephones; 401,000 radio and 100,000 TV receivers; 3 AM, 3 FM, and 7 TV stations; 3 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES - Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,513,000; 833,000 fit for military service; about 60,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1975, $70,100,000; 5.2% of central government budget LAND 766,640 km2; 35% cropland, 25% meadows and pastures, 23% forested, 17% other Land boundaries: 2,574 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm except in Black Sea where it is 12 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 7,200 km PEOPLE Population: 41,516,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Turk(s); adjective-Turkish Ethnic divisions: 90% Turkish, 7% Kurd, 3% other Religion: 99% Muslim (mostly Sunni), 1% other (mostly Christian and Jewish) Language: Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic Literacy: 55% Labor force: 13.8 million; 68% agriculture, 16% industry, 16% service; substantial shortage of skilled labor; ample unskilled labor Organized labor: 10% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Turkey Type: republic Capital: Ankara Political subdivisions: 67 provinces Legal system: derived from various continental legal systems; constitution adopted 1961; judicial review of legislative acts by Constitutional Court; legal education at Universities of Ankara and Istanbul; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: President elected by parliament; Prime Minister appointed by President from members of parliament; Prime Minister is effective executive; cabinet, selected by Prime Minister and approved by President, must command majority support in lower house; parliament bicameral under constitution promulgated in 1961; National Assembly has 450 members serving 4 years; Senate has 150 elected members, one-third elected every 2 years, 15 appointed by the President to 6-year terms (one-third appointed every 2 years), and 18 life members; highest court for ordinary criminal and civil cases is Court of Cassation, which hears appeals directly from criminal, commercial, basic, and peace courts Government leaders: President Fahri Koruturk; Prime Minister Suleyman Demirel heads four-party coalition government Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: National Assembly and Senate (1/3 of seats), Republican People's Party won a plurality October 1973, new elections must be held by October 1977; Presidential (1980) Political parties and leaders: Justice Party (JP), Suleyman Demirel; Republican People's Party (RPP), Bulent Ecevit; Nationalist Salvation Party (NSP), Necmettin Erbakan; Democratic Party (DP), Ferruh Bozbeyli; Republican Reliance Party (RRP), Turhan Feyzioglu; Natlionalist Action Party (NAP), Alpaslan Turkes; Unity Party (UP), Mustafa Timisi; Communist Party illegal Communists: strength and support negligible Other political or pressure groups: military forced resignation of Demirel government in March 1971 and remains an influential force in government Member of: ASSIMER, CENTO, Council of Europe, EC (associate member), ECOSOC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITU, NATO, OECD, Regional Cooperation for Development, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $36.5 billion (1975), $860 per capita; 7.9% real growth 1975, 7.8% average annual real growth 1970-75 Agriculture: main products-cotton, tobacco, cereals, sugar beets, fruits, nuts, and livestock products; self-sufficient in food in average years, 2,900 calories per day per capita (1972) Major industries: textiles, food processing, mining (coal, chromite, copper, boron minerals), steel, petroleum Crude steel: 1.4 million tons produced (1975), 30 kg per capita Electric power: 3,300,000 kW capacity (1975); 14.4 billion kWh produced (1975), 250 kWh per capita Exports: $1,400 million (f.o.b., 1975); cotton, tobacco, fruits, nuts, metals, livestock products, textiles and clothing Imports: $4,739 million (c.i.f., 1975); machinery, transport equipment, metals, mineral fuels, fertilizers, chemicals Major trade partners: exports-21% West Germany, 12% U.S., 9% Switzerland, 6% Italy; Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 January 1977 TURKEY/T UVAL U/ UGANDA imports-19% West Germany, 12% U.S., 11% U.K., 11% Italy Budget: (FY76) revenues $9.41 billion, expendi- tures $10.21 billion, deficit $800 million Monetary conversion rate: 16.0 Turkish liras= US$1 (1 April 1976) Fiscal. year: 1 March- 28 February COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 8,253 km standard gage (1.435 m); 143 km double track; 72 km electrified Highways: 60,000 km; 21,000 km bituminous; 28,000. km gravel or ccrushed stone; 2,500 km improved earth; 8,500 km unimproved. earth Inland waterways: approx. 1,689 km Pipelines: 647 km crude oil; 2,055 km refined products Ports: 10 major, 35 minor Civil air: 22 major transport aircraft Airfields: 119 total, 100 usable; 55 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 23 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: new trunk domestic radio- relay net, good international service; 1,023,000 telephones; 4.5 million radio and 900,000 TV receivers; 40 AM, 4 FM, and 4 TV stations; COMSAT station planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 10,411,000; 6,133,000 fit for military service; about 445,000 reach military age (20) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 28 February 1977, $2,359.7 million; about 23.7% of proposed central government budget TUVALU (formerly Ellice Islands) NOTE: On October 1, 1975, by Constitutional Order, the Ellice Islands were formally separated from the British colony of Gilbert and Ellice Islands, thus forming the new colony of Tuvalu. The remaining islands in the former Gilbert and Ellice Islands Colony were renamed the Gilbert Islands. The new colony of Tuvalu includes the islands of Nanumanga, Nanumea, Nui, Niutao, Vaitupu, and those islands claimed by the United States: Funafuti, Nukufetau, Nukulailai, and Nurakita. LAND 26 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 3 nm Coastline: about 24 km GILBERT ISLANDS UNITED" STATES PEOPLE Population: 6,000, preliminary total from census of 8 December 1973 Ethnic divisions: Polynesian Religion: Protestant Literacy: less than 50% GOVERNMENT Legal name: Tuvalu Type: British crown colony with a large measure of self-government Capital: Funafuti House of Assembly: eight members ,Chief minister: Toalipi Lauti Her Majesty's Commissioner (Governor): Thomas Layng ECONOMY See Gilbert Islands for pre-separation economic data COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 8 km gravel Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 total; 1 usable with runway 1,220- 2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 1 AM station; about 250 telephones UGANDA LAND 235,690 km2; 21% inland water and swamp, including territorial waters of Lake Victoria, about 21% cultivated, 13% national parks, forest, and game reserves, 45% forest, woodland, and grassland Land boundaries: 2,680 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 PEOPLE Population: 12,148,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Ugandan(s); adjective- Ugandan Ethnic divisions: 99% African, 1% European, Asian, Arab Religion: about 60% nominally Christian, 5%-10% Muslim, rest animist Language: English official; Luganda and Swahili widely used; other Bantu and Nilotic languages Literacy: about 20%-40% Labor force: estimated 4.5 million, of which about 250,000 in paid labor, remaining in subsistence activities Organized labor: 125,000 union members GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Uganda Type: republic independent since October 1962 Capital: Kampala Political subdivisions: 10 provinces and 34 districts Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; constitution adopted 1967; present government rules despotically, has intimidated judicial officials and has made constitution of no consequence; legal education at Makerere University, Kampala; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: Field Marshall Amin rules by decree; assisted by Council of Ministers and Defense Council, a group of military officers Government leader: Field Marshall Idi Amin, President for life Suffrage: universal adult Elections: none scheduled by military government Political parties: none Communists: possibly a few sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, EAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU; WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $1,700 million (1974, at current prices), $150 per capita; 0% real growth between 1970-74 Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, cotton; other cash crops-tobacco, tea, sugar, fish, livestock Fishing: catch 167,500 metric tons (1974) million (1971) Major industries: agricultural processing (textiles, sugar, coffee, plywood, beer), cement, copper smelter, corrugated iron sheet, shoes, fertilizer Electric power: 175,000 kW capacity (1975); 850 million kWh produced (1975), 74 kWh per capita Exports: $244 million (f.o.b., 1975); coffee, cotton,. tea, copper (1971) Imports: $240 million (c.i.f., 1975); petroleum products, machinery, cotton piece goods, metals, transport equipment Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., Kenya (Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania form East African Economic Community) Monetary conversion rate: 8.4 Uganda shil- lings= US$1 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,216 km, meter gage (1.00 m ), single track Highways: 25,330 km; 2,064 km bituminous surface treatment; 18,351 km crushed stone, gravel, and laterite; 4,915 km earth roads. and tracks Inland waterways: Lake Victoria, Lake Albert, Lake Kyoga, Lake George, and Lake Edward (9,670 km); Kagera River and Victoria Nile (610 km) Civil air: 10 major transport aircraft, Airfields: 53 total, 50 usable; 5 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph services fair, intercity connections based on 3 or 12 channel carrier systems; 42,900 telephones; 275,000 radio and 70,400 TV receivers; 2 AM, no FM, and 6 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 2,619,000; about 1,439,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1972, $42.7 million; 16.6% of central government budget LAND 22,274,000 km2; 9.3% cultivated, 37.1% forest and brush, 2.6% urban, industrial, and transportation, Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 16.8% pasture and natural hay land, 34.2% desert, swamp, or waste Land boundaries: 20,619 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 46,670 km (incl. Sakhalin) PEOPLE Population: 258,106,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 1.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Soviet(s); adjective-Soviet Ethnic divisions: 74% Slavic, 26% among some 170 ethnic groups Religion: 70% atheist, 18% Russian Orthodox, 9% Muslim, 3% other Language: more than 200 languages and dialects (at least 18 with more than 1 million speakers); 76% Slavic group, 8% other Indo-European, 11% Altaic, 3% Uralian, 2% Caucasian Literacy: 98.5% of population (ages 9-49) Labor force: civilian 135 million (1976), 25% agriculture, 75% industry and other non-agricultural fields, unemployed not reported, shortage of skilled labor reported GOVERNMENT Legal name: Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Type: Communist state Capital: Moscow Political subdivisions: 15 union republics, 20 autonomous republics, 6 krays, 120 oblasts, and 8 autonomous oblasts Legal system: civil law system as modified by Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1936; no judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 18 universities and 4 law institutes; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Council of Ministers (executive), Supreme Soviet (legislative), Supreme Court of U.S.S.R. (judicial) Government leaders: Leonid I. Brezhnev, General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party; Aleksey N. Kosygin, Chairman of the Council of Ministers; Nikolay V. Podgornyy, Chairman of the Presidium of the U.S.S.R. Supreme Soviet Suffrage: universal over age 18; direct, equal Elections: to Supreme Soviet every 4 years; 1,517 deputies elected in 1974; 72.2% party members Political parties and leaders: Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU) only party permitted Voting . strength (1974 election): 153,237,112 persons over 18; allegedly 99.98% voted Communists: 15,694,000 party members Other political or pressure groups: Komsomol, trade unions, and other organizations which facilitate Communist control Member of: CEMA, Geneva Disarmament Conference, IAEA, ICAC, ICAO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N., UNES- CO, UPU, Warsaw Pact, WFTU, WHO, WMO, Universal Copyright Convention ECONOMY GNP: $865.3 billion (1975, in 1975 U.S. prices), $3,400 per capita; in 1975 percentage shares were- 57% consumption, 29% investment, 14% government and other, including defense (based on 1970 GNP in rubles at adjusted factor cost); average annual rate of growth of real GNP (1971-75), 3.8% Agriculture: principal food crops-grain (espe- cially wheat), potatoes; main industrial crops- sugar cotton, sunflowers, and flax; degree of `self- sufficiency depends on fluctuations in crop yields; given normal yields, U.S.S.R. is self-sufficient; caloric intake, 3,000-3,200 calories per day per capita in recent years Fishing: catch 10.3 million metric tons (1975); exports 491 thousand metric tons (1975), imports 26.7 thousand metric tons (1975) Major industries: diversified, highly developed capital goods industries; consumer goods industries comparatively less developed Shortages: natural rubber, bauxite and alumina, tantalum, tin, tungsten and fluorspar Crude steel: 154 million metric ton capacity as of 1 January 1976; 141 million metric tons produced in 1975, 550 kg per capita Electric power: 218 million kW capacity (1975); 1,035 billion kWh produced (1975), 4,048 kWh per capita Exports: $33,401 million (f.o.b., 1975); fuels (particularly petroleum and derivatives), metals, agricultural products (timber, grain) and a wide variety of manufactured goods (primarily capital goods) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Imports: $37,070 million (f.o.b., 1975); specialized and complex machinery and equipment, textile fibers, consumer manufactures, steel products (particularly large diameter pipe), and any significant shortages in domestic production (for example, grain imported following' poor domestic harvests) Major trade partners: $70.5 billion (1975); trade 56% with Communist countries, 31% with in- dustrialized West, and, 13% with less developed countries Aid: economic-to non-Communist countries (total extended 1975) $1,327 million; recipients included Turkey $650 million, Afghanistan $437 million, Somalia $62 million, Sri Lanka $57 million, Bangladesh $46 million, Brazil $44 million; military- (total extended 1975) $1,304 million; principal recipients were Syria $300 million, India $204 million, Afghanistan $125 million .Official monetary conversion rate: 0.7525 rubles=US$1; 1 ruble=US$1.3289 (September 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 138,362 km; 136,529 km broad gage (1.524 m); 1,833 km narrow gage (mostly.0.750 m); 108,902 km broad gage single track; 89,600 km electrified; does not include industrial lines (1975) Highways: 1,425,200 km; 308,800 km paved; 360,400 km gravel; crushed stone; 856,000 km improved or unimproved earth (1975) Inland waterways: 144,000 km navigable, exclusive of Caspian Sea (1976) Pipelines: 85,277 km crude oil; 12,872 km refined products; 99,758 km natural gas Ports: 63 major (most important: Leningrad, Murmansk, Odessa, Novorossiysk, Ilichevsk, Vladivo- stok, Nakhodka, Arkhangel'sk, Riga, Tallinn, Kaliningrad, Liepaja, Ventspils, Nikolayev, Sevas- topol); 116 selected minor (1976) Freight carried: rail-3,621 million metric tons, 3,236.5 billion metric ton/km (1975); highways-19.6 billion metric tons, 312.3 billion metric ton/km (1975); waterway-424 million metric tons, 220 billion metric ton/km (1975), excluding Caspian Sea DEFENSE FORCES Nuclear weapons: satisfies major requirements of Soviet forces Supply: fully supplies own needs and produces large quantities of all types of materiel for export; some light armored vehicles obtained from Eastern Europe as an economic measure UNITED ARAB EMIRATES LAND 82,880 km2; almost all desert, waste or urban Land boundaries: 1,094 km (does not include boundaries between adjacent U.A.E. states) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm for all states except Sharjah (12 nm) Coastline: 1,448 km PEOPLE Population: 656,000, preliminary total from 1975 census Ethnic divisions: Arabs 72%; others include Iranians, Pakistanis, and Indians Religion: Muslim 96%, Christian, Hindu and other 4% Language: Arabic Literacy: 25% est. (1975) Labor force: 203,000 (1975 est.); 85% in industry; 2% U.A.E. Arabs, 7% non-U.A.E. Arabs, 91% Indians, Pakistanis, Iranians GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Arab Emirates (composed of former Trucial States) Member states: Abu Dhabi; Ajman; Dubai; Fujairah; Ras al Khaimah; Sharjah; Umm al Qaiwain Type: federation; constitution signed December 1971, which delegated specified powers to the United Arab Emirates central government and reserved other powers to member sheikhdoms Capital: Abu Dhabi Legal system: secular codes are being introduced by the U.A.E. government and in several member sheikhdoms; Islamic law remains very influential Branches: Supreme Council of Rulers (7 members), from which a President and Vice President are elected; Prime Minister. and Council of Ministers; National Consultative Council; federal Supreme Court Government leaders: Sheikh Zayid of Abu Dhabi, President; Sheikh Rashid of Dubai, Vice President; Sheikh Maktum of Dubai, Prime Minister Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Suffrage: none Elections: none Political or pressure groups: none; a few small clandestine groups are active Member of: Arab League, IBRD, ICAO, ILO, IMF, OAPEC, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO ECONOMY Agriculture: food imported, . but some dates, alfalfa, vegetables, fruit, tobacco raised Electric power: 435,000 kW capacity (1975); 600 million kWh produced (1975), 3,000 kWh per capita Exports: $7.3 billion ($7.0 in oil, $0.3 non-oil) (f.o.b., 1976); crude petroleum, pearls, fish Imports: $3 billion (f.o.b. , 1976); food, consumer and capital goods Major trade partners: U.K., U.S., Japan, India, EC Aid: 1974-75 foreign aid totaled $1 billion; the 1975-76 budget committed $875 million to direct foreign aid; Abu Dhabi Fund for Arab Economic and Social Development in 1975 lent $175 million to LDC's Budget: total budget (1976), $1 billion, 70% from Abu Dhabi Monetary conversion rate: 1 U.A.E. Dir- ham = US$0.25 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 282 km bituminous, undetermined mileage of earth tracks Pipelines: 282 km crude oil Ports: 5 major, 3 minor Civil air: 3 major transport aircraft Airfields: 56 total, 43 usable; 11 with permanent- surface runways; 3 with runways over 3,660 m, 1 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 12 with runways 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: system is adequate; key centers are Abu Zaby and Dubayy; 34,300 telephones; 52,000 radio and 25,000 TV receivers; 3 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations UNITED KINGDOM LAND 243,978 km2; 30% arable, 50% meadow and pasture, 12% waste or urban, 7% forested, 1% inland water WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline: 12,429 km PEOPLE Population: 56,043,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Briton(s), British (collective pl. ); adjective-British Ethnic divisions: 83% English, 9% Scottish, 5% Welsh, 3% Irish Religion: 27.0 million Church of England, 5.3 million Roman Catholic, 2.0 million Presbyterians, 760,000 Methodist, 450,000 Jews (registered) Language: English, Welsh (about 26% of population of Wales), Scottish form of Gaelic (about 100,000 in Scotland) Literacy: 98% to 99% Labor force: (1974) 25.6 million; 1.6% agriculture, 1.4% mining, 30.7% manufacturing, 6.2% govern- ment, 7.2% transportation and utilities, 5.2% construction, 10.6% distributive trades, 25.3% all services, 9.7% other; 2.1% unemployed Organized labor: 40% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: London Political subdivisions: 635 parliamentary constitu- encies Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Legal system: common law tradition with early Roman and modern continental influences; no judicial review of Acts of Parliament; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Branches: legislative authority resides in Parlia- ment; executive authority lies with collectively responsible cabinet led by Prime Minister; House of Lords is supreme judicial authority and highest court of appeal Government leader: Prime Minister James Callaghan Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: at discretion of Prime Minister, but must be held before expiration of a 5-year electoral mandate; last election 10 October 1974 Political parties and leaders: Conservative, Margaret Thatcher; Labor, James Callaghan; Liberal, David Steel; Communist, Gordan Mc- Lennan; Scottish National, William Wolfe Voting strength (1974 election): Conservative 277 seats (35.9%); Labor 319 seats (39.3%); Liberal 13 seats (18.3%); Scottish National 11 seats (2.8%); Plaid Cymru 3 seats (0.6%); other 12 seats (3.2%) Communists: 29,000 Other political or pressure groups: Trades Union Congress, Confederation of British Industry, National Farmers' Union Member of: ADB, CENTO, Colombo Plan, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, EEC, ELDO, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OECD, UN., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $226 billion (1975, in 1975 prices), $4,040 per capita; 61.6% consumption, 19.8% investment, 22:4% government, -1.1% inventories, -2.5% net foreign balance, real growth 3% (1955-75) Agriculture: mixed. farming predominates; main products-wheat, barley, potatoes, sugar beets, livestock, dairy products; 50% self-sufficient; food shortages-meat, fruits, vegetables, cereals, dairy products; caloric intake, 3,170 calories per .day. per capita (1970-71) Fishing: catch 954 thousand metric tons (1974), $355 million (1974); exports $128 million, imports $304 million (1975) Major industries: machinery and transport equipment, metals, food processing, paper and paper products, textiles, chemicals, clothing Shortages: rubber, petroleum, timber and woodpulp, textile fibers, nonferrous metals, foodstuffs Crude steel: 20.3 million metric tons produced (1975); 28.1 million metric tons capacity (1975), 360 kg per capita Electric power: 82 million kW capacity (1975); 272 billion kWh produced (1975), 5,100 kWh per capita Exports: $41.7 billion (f.o.b., 1975); machinery, transport equipment, chemicals, metals, nonmetallic mineral manufactures, textiles, beverages Imports: $48.8 billion .(f.o.b., 1975); foodstuffs, petroleum, machinery, crude materials, chemicals, nonferrous metals Major trade partners: 35% EC, 4% Ireland, 3% South Africa, 22% Sterling Area, 2% U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe; 2% Australia, 3% Canada, 9% U.S. Aid: economic-(authorized) U.S., $9.0 billion (FY46-75), $26 million in FY73; 51.4 million in FY72; net official economic aid to less developed areas and multilateral agencies, $5,073 million (1960-69), $562 million in 1971; $609 million in 1972; military-U.S., $1.1 billion (FY46-75) Budget (public sector): net expenditure planned for FY77, $889 million Monetary conversion rate: pound sterling floating, average daily exchange rate 1975, 0.45 pounds = US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April - 31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: Great Britain-18,500 km; British Railways (BR) operates 18,225 km standard gage (1.435 m) (3,806 km electrified, 11,410 km double track, 2,366 km multiple track) and 19 km 0.597- meter gage; 256 km of standard gage (1.435 m) and several narrow gages are privately-owned; Northern Ireland Railways (NIR) operates 327 km 1.600-meter gage, 190 km double track Highways: approx. 343,315 km and 23,175 km in Northern Ireland Inland waterways: 1,770 km of commercial routes Pipelines: 933 km crude oil, almost all insig- nificant; 2,907 km refined products; 1,770 km natural gas Ports: 23 major, 350 minor Civil air: 519 major transport aircraft Telecommunications: modern, efficient domestic and international system; 22.4 million telephones; 41.7 million radio and 18.7 million TV receivers; excellent countrywide broadcast; 97 AM, 118 FM and 300 TV stations; 45 submarine cables (42 coaxial); 3 earth satellite stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 12,685,000; 10,701,000 fit for military service; no conscription; 445,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1977, $10.4 billion; about 9% of central government budget Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 UPPER VOLTA LAND 274,540 km2; 50% pastureland, 21% fallow, 10% cultivated, 9%. forest and scrub, 10% waste and other uses Land boundaries: 3,307 km PEOPLE Population: 6,300,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Upper Voltan(s); adjective- Upper Voltan Ethnic divisions: more than 50 tribes; principal tribe is Mossi (about 2.5 million); other important groups are Gurunsi, Senufo, Lobi, Bobo, Mande, and Fulani Religion: majority of population animist, about 20% Muslim, 5% Christian (mainly Catholic) Language: French official; tribal languages belong to Sudanic family, spoken by 50% of the population Literacy: 5%-10% Labor force: about 95% of the economically active population engaged in animal husbandry, subsistence farming, and related agricultural pursuits; about 30,000 are wage earners; about 20% of male labor force migrates annually to neighboring countries for seasonal employment Organized labor: 4 principal trade union groups GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Upper Volta Type: republic; military regime in power since January 1966 Capital: Ouagadougou Political subdivisions: 10 departments, composed of 44 cercles, headed by civilian prefects Legal system: based on French civil law system and customary law; constitution adopted 1970, suspended February 1974; a special commission to draft a new constitution was appointed in May 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: President is an army officer; 57-man National Assembly was elected in December 1970, suspended February 1974 Government leader: Gen. Sangoule Lamizana, President and Prime Minister Suffrage: universal for adults Elections: all political activity has been banned Political parties and leaders: political parties banned February 1974 Communists: no Communist party; some sympa- thizers Other political or pressure groups: la8or organizations are badly splintered, students and teachers occasionally strike Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), Entente, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, IPU, ITU, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $495 million (1974 est.), $80 per capita Agriculture: cash crops-peanuts, shea nuts, sesame, cotton; food crops-sorghum, millet, corn, rice; livestock; largely self-sufficient Fishing: catch 3,500 metric tons (1974) Major industries: agricultural processing plants, brewery, bottling, and brick plants; a few other light industries Electric power: 20,000 kW capacity (1975); '57 million kWh produced (1975), 9 kWh per capita Exports: $68 million (f.o.b., 1974); livestock (on the hoof), peanuts, shea nut products, cotton, sesame , Imports: $194 million (c.i.f., 1974); textiles, food, and other consumer goods, transport equipment, machinery, fuels Major trade partners: Ivory Coast and Ghana; overseas trade mainly with France and other EC countries; preferential tariff to EC and franc zone countries I Aid: economic-France (1964-September 1970), $46 million; EC (FY1960-72), $87 million; U.S.S.R., China, Ghana, West Germany, and Israel have also extended aid; U.S. (FY61-75), $47 million; international organizations (FY60-73), $175 million; China, $51 million (1973-75); military-France, $3.7 million (1964-70); U.S., $0.1 million (FY1962-75) Budget: (1976) balanced at $94 million Monetary conversion rate: about 248.22 Com- munaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 as of August 1976, floating Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,172 km, 515 km meter gage (1.00 m), single track; Ouagadougou to Abidjan, Ivory Coast line Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Highways: 16,320 km; 520 km paved, 3,600 km improved, 12,200 km unimproved Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 55 total, 54 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 2 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 3 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: all services generally poor; 1,800 telephones; 100,000 radio and 6,000 TV receivers; 2 AM stations, no FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,419,000; 710,000 fit for military service; no conscription Supply: mainly dependent on France Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $18,243,900; 19.7% of central government budget URUGUAY LAND 186,998 km2; 84% agricultural land (73% pasture, 11% cropland) 16% forest, urban, waste and other Land boundaries: 1,352 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 660 km PEOPLE Population: 2,788,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.5% (10-63 to 5-75) Nationality: noun-Uruguayan(s); adjective- Uruguayan Ethnic divisions: 85%-90% white, 5% Negro, 5%- 10% mestizo Religion: 66% Roman Catholic (less than half adult population attends church regularly) Language: Spanish Literacy: 90.5% for those 15 years of age or older Labor force: 1,015,500 (1963 census); of those employed in important sectors-25% government; 34% industry; 10% service; 23% other; 8% agriculture, forestry, fishing and mining; no shortage of skilled labor Organized labor: about 25% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Oriental Republic of Uruguay Type: republic, government under strong military influence Capital: Montevideo Political subdivisions: 19 departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system; new constitution implemented 1967; judicial review of legislative acts in Supreme Court, legal education at University of the Republic at Montevideo; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive, headed by President; since 1973 the military has had considerable influence in policymaking; bicameral legislature (closed indefinitely by presidential decree in June 1973), Council of State set up to act as legislature; national judiciary headed by Supreme Court Government leader: President Aparecio Mendez Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: projected for 1980 Political parties and leaders: political activities are proscribed Voting strength (1971 elections): 40.8% Colorado, 40.1% Blanco, 18.6% Frente Amplio, 0.5% Radical Christian Union Communists: 35,000-40,000 including Communist youth group and sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Communist Party (PCU), Rodney Arismendi (in exile in the U.S.S.R.); Christian Democratic Party (PDC); Socialist Party of Uruguay (PSU); Revolutionary Movement of Uruguay (MRO) pro-Cuban Commu- nist Party; National Liberation Movement (MLN- Tupamaros) Marxist revolutionary terrorist group Member of: FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $2.8 billion (1975, in 1974 prices), $910 per capita; 77% private consumption, 13% public consumption, 12% gross investment (1969); net foreign balance.-2%; real growth rate 1975, 3.6% Agriculture: large areas devoted to extensive livestock grazing (17 million sheep, 9 million cattle); main crops-wheat, rice, corn; self-sufficient in most Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 basic foodstuffs; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita, with high protein content Major industries: meat processing, wool and hides, textiles, footwear, cement, petroleum refining Crude steel: 13,000 metric tons produced (1972), 5 kg per capita Electric power: 574,000 kW capacity (1975); 2.5 billion kWh produced (1975), 920 kWh per capita Exports: $385 million (f.o.b., 1975); wool, hides Imports: $548 million (c.i.f., 1975); fuels, metals, machinery, transportation equipment Major trade partners: exports-28% EC, 4% U.S., 37% LAFTA; imports-30% LAFTA, 8% U.S., 18% EC (1974) Aid: economic-extensions from U.S. (FY46-75), $138 million in loans, $29 million in grants; from other Western countries (1960-74), $26 million; from Communist countries-U.S.S.R. (1969-75), $52 million and Eastern Europe (1966-75), $25 million; from international organizations (1946-75), $320 million; military-authorizations from U.S. (FY53- 75), $86 million Monetary conversion rate: commercial rate, new pesos 3.18=US$1, financial rate, new pesos 3.42=US$1 (May 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,992 km, all standard gage (1.435 m) and government owned Highways: 51,800 km; 6,000 km paved, 7,400 km otherwise surfaced, 15,400 km improved earth, 23,000 km earth tracks Inland waterways: 1,600 km; used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft Freight carried: highways 80% of total cargo traffic, rail 15%, waterways 5% Ports: 4 major (Montevideo, Colonia, Fray Bentos, Paysandu), 6 minor Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft Airfields: 99 total, 61 usable; 10 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m;" 2 seaplane stations Telecommunications: most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; 258,000 telephones; 1.5 million radio and 400,000 TV receivers; 75 AM, 3 FM, and 17 TV stations; 2 submarine cables; COMSAT station planned DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 747,000; 602,000 fit for military service; no conscription Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $73.8 million; 16.4% of central government budget VATICAN CITY LAND 0.438 km2 Land boundaries: 3 km PEOPLE Population: 1,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1975) Ethnic divisions: primarily Italians but also many other nationalities Religion: Roman Catholic Language: Italian, Latin, and various modern languages Literacy: virtually complete Labor force: . 2Prox. 700; Vatican City employees divided into 3 categories-executives, officeworkers, and salaried employees Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of the Vatican City Type: monarchical-sacerdotal state Capital: Vatican City Political subdivisions: Vatican City includes St. Peter's, the Vatican Palace and Museum and neighboring buildings covering more than 13 acres; 13 buildings in Rome, although outside the boundaries, enjoy extraterritorial rights Legal system: Canon law; constitutional laws of 1929 serve some of the functions of a constitution Branches: the Pope possesses full executive, legislative, and judicial powers; he delegates these powers to the governor of Vatican City, who is subject to pontifical appointment and recall; high Vatican offices include the Secretariat of State, the College of Cardinals (chief papal advisers), the Roman Curia (which carries on the central administration of the Roman Catholic Church) the Presidence of the Prefecture for the Economy, and the synod of bishops (created in 1965) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Government leader: Supreme Pontiff, Paul VI, (Giovanni Battista Montini, born 26 September 1897, elected Pope 21 June 1963) Suffrage: limited to cardinals less than 80 in age Elections: Supreme Pontiff elected for life by College of Cardinals Communists: none known Other political or pressure groups: none (exclusive of influence exercised by other church officers in universal Roman Catholic Church) Member: IAEA, IWC-International Wheat Council ECONOMY The Vatican City, seat of the Holy See, is supported financially by contributions (known as Peter's pence) from Roman Catholics throughout the world; some income derived from sale of Vatican postage stamps and tourist mementos, fees for admission to Vatican museums, and sale of publications; industrial activity consists solely of printing and production of a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms The banking and financial activities of the Vatican are worldwide; the Institute for Religious Agencies carries out fiscal operations and invests and transfers funds of Roman Catholic religious communities throughout the world; the Cardinal's Commission controls the administration of ordinary assets of the Holy See and a Special Administration manages the Holy See's capital assets . Electric power: obtained from Rome city grid; standby diesel powerplant with 2,100 kW capacity (1975) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: none (city streets) Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: 1 AM and 1 FM radio- broadcasting station; 2,000-line automatic telephone exchange DEFENSE FORCES Defense is responsibility of Italy LAND 911,680 km2; 4% cropland, 18% pasture, 21% forest, 57% urban, waste, and other Land boundaries: 4,181 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 2,800 km PEOPLE Population: 12,366,000, excluding Indian jungle population (January 1977), average annual growth rate 3.1% (7-74 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Venezuelan(s); adjective- Venezuelan Ethnic divisions: 67% mestizo, 21% white, 10% Negro, 2% Indian Religion: 94% nominally Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 74% (claimed, 1970 est.) Labor force: million (1975); 24% agriculture, 6% construction, 17% manufacturing, 6% transportation, 18% commerce, 25% services, 4% petroleum, utilities, and other Organized labor: 45% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Venezuela Type: republic Capital: Caracas Political subdivisions: 20 states, 1 federal district, 2 federal territories Legal system: based on Spanish civil law system with influence of U.S. law; constitution promulgated 1961; judicial review of legislative acts in Cassation Court only; dual court system, state and federal; legal education at Central University of Venezuela; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: executive (President), bicameral legislature, judiciary Government leader: President Carlos Andres Perez Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: every 5 years; last held 9 December 1973 Political parties and leaders: Accion Democratica (AD), Carlos Andres Perez, and Gonzalo Barrios; Social Christian Party.(COPEI), Rafael Caldera and Herrera Campins; People's Electoral Movement (MEP), Jesus Angel Paz Galarraga; Union Repub: Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 licana Democratica (URD), Jovito Villalba; Partido Comunista de Venezuela (PCV), Secretary-General Jesus Faria; Movement to Socialism (MAS), Teodoro Petkoff, and Pompey' Marquez Voting strength (1973 election): 49% AD; 37% COPEI, 5% New Force (MEP & PCV), 4% MAS, 3% URD, 2% others Communists: 4,000-6,000 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Fedecamaras (a conservative business group); PRO VENEZUELA (leftist, nationalist economic group); DESARROL- LISTAS (group of wealthy, independent businessmen led by former finance minister Pedro Tinoco and historian Guillermo Moron) Member of: Andean Pact, AIOEC, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, .IMF, IPU, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, NAMUCAR (Caribbean Multinational Shipping Line-Naviera Multinacional del Caribe), OAS, OPEC, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, ,UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $27.3 billion (1975, in 1975 dollars), $2,280 per capita; 50% private consumption, 13% public consumption, 29% gross investment, 8% foreign sector (1975 est.), real growth rate 1975 est., 3.8% Agriculture: main crops-cotton, sugarcane, corn, coffee, rice; self-sufficient in rice and chicken, imports wheat (U.S.) and meat (Colombia); caloric intake 2,600 calories per day per capita (1972) Fishing: catch 162,400 metric tons (1974); exports $14.4 million (1972), imports $9.5 million (1972) Major industries: petroleum, iron-ore -mining, construction, food processing, textiles Crude steel: 1.1 million metric tons produced (1973), 100 kg per capita Electric power: 4,400,000 kW capacity (1975); 17 billion kWh produced (1975), 1,550 kWh per capita Exports: $9.5 billion (f.o.b., 1975); petroleum $8.9 billion (1975), iron ore, coffee Imports: $6.0 billion (c.i.f., 1975); industrial machinery and equipment, chemicals, manufactures, wheat Major trade partners: imports-42% U.S., 13% West Germany, 8% Japan; exports-41%.U.S., 13% Canada, 12% Aruba, 9% Argentina Aid: economic assistance-extensions from. U.S. (FY46-75), $127.9 million loans; $72:6 million grants; from international organizations (FY46-75), $658 million; from Communist countries (1954-75),'$10 million; military-assistance from U.S. (FY46-75), $142 million Budget: 1975-revenues $9.5 billion; expenditures, $9.4 billion, capital $1.9 billion Monetary conversion rate: 4.285 bolivares=US$1 (selling rate) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 373 km standard gage (1.435 m) all single track; 171 km government owned, 202 km privately owned Highways: 65,700 km; 19,600 km paved, 17,500 km gravel, 10,200 km improved earth, 18,400 km unimproved (including trails) Inland waterways: 7,100 km; Orinoco River and Lake Maracaibo accept oceangoing vessels Pipelines: 6,110 km crude oil; 400. km refined products; 2,495 km natural gas Ports: 6 major, 17 minor Civil air: 67 major transport aircraft Airfields: 292 'total, 261 usable; 104 with permanent-surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440- 3,659 in, 78 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations. Telecommunications: modern expanding telecom system; satellite ground station; 609,400 telephones; 3.2 million radio 'and 1.3 million TV receivers; 157 AM, 50 FM, and 43 TV stations; 3 submarine cables, including 1 coaxial DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males, 15-49, 2,628,000; 1,854,000 fit fo. military service; 134,000 reach military age (18) annually . VIETNAM LAND 329,707 km2; 14% cultivated, 50% forested, 36% urban inland water, and other Land boundaries: 4,562 km ' Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 3,444 km (excluding islands) PEOPLE Population: 47,101,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current); Vietnam, North, 25,070,000, average annual growth rate 2.3% (current); Vietnam, South, 22,031,000, average annual growth rate 2.9% (7-70 to 7-73) Nationality: noun-Vietnamese (sing. adjective-Vietnamese Ethnic divisions: 85%-90% predominantly Vietnamese; 3% Chinese; ethnic minorities include Muong, Thai, Meo, Khmer, Man, Cham, and mountain tribesman Religion: Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism, Catholicism, Animism, Islam, and Protestantism Language: Vietnamese, French, Chinese, English, Khmer, tribal languages (Mon-Khmer and Malayo- Polynesian) Labor force: approximately 15 million, not including military; about 70% agriculture and 8% industry GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Republic of Vietnam Type: Communist state Capital: Hanoi Political subdivisions: 38 provinces Legal system: based on Communist legal theory and French civil law system; constitution enacted 1960 Branches: constitution provides for a National Assembly and highly centralized executive nominally subordinate to it Party and government leaders: Ton Due Thang, President of DRV; Le Duan, First Secretary; Truong Chinh, Chairman, Standing Committee of National Assembly; Pham Van Dong, Premier; Vo Nguyen Giap, Minister of National Defense; Nguyen Duy Trinh, Minister for Foreign Affairs Suffrage: over age 18 Elections: pro forma elections held for national and local assemblies; lastest election for National Assembly held on April 25, 1976 Political parties: ruled by Lao Dong Party (Communist) with membership of approximately 900,000; minor subordinate parties Member of: WHO ECONOMY GNP: $4.6 billion (1975), approximately $100 per capita; growth stagnant in recent years, but could reach a moderate 5% in 1976 Agriculture: main crops-rice, rubber, fruits and vegetables, mainly in the south; some corn, manioc, and sugarcane; major food imports-wheat, dairy products Fishing: catch 728,000 metric tons (1974); dropped in 1975 but should recover to near 1974 levels in 1976 Major industries: food processing, textiles, machine building, mining, cement, chemical fertilizer, glass, tires Shortages: petroleum, capital goods and machin- ery, fertilizer Major trade partners: exports-Japan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Franch; imports-U.S., Japan, France to April 1975; thereafter most trade with Communist countries, primarily U.S.S.R. and China Monetary conversion rate (nominal): 2.9 dong=US$1 (March 1976) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 41,190 km; 5,471 km bituminous, 27,030 km gravel or improved earth, 8,690 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: about 17,072 km navigable; more than 5,149 km navigable at all times by vessels up to 1.8-m draft Ports: 9 major, 23 minor Civil air: military controlled Airfields: 205 total, 169 usable; 73 with permanent-surface runways; 10 with runways 2,440- 3,659 m, 30 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 2 seaplane stations & pl.); DEFENSE FORCES Supply: dependent on the U.S.S.R., Eastern European Communist countries, and the PRC for virtually all new equipment; produces negligible quantities of infantry weapons, ammunition and explosive devices (Vietnam possesses a huge inventory of U.S.- manufactured weapons and equipment captured from the RVN) Military budget: no expenditure estimates are available; military aid from the U.S.S.R. and PRC has been so extensive that actual allocation of Vietnam's domestic resorces to defense has not been indicative of total military effort NOTE: VN figures preliminary WALLIS AND FUTUNA LAND About 207 km2 WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm Coastline: about 129 km PEOPLE Population: 9,000, official estimate for 1 July 1973 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WALLIS AND FUTUNA/WESTERN SAHARA WESTERN SAHARA (formerly Spanish Sahara) FIJI0 o / CANARY ISLANDS - Oo O WESTERN SAHARA Nationality: noun-Wallisian(s), Futunan(s), or Wallis and Futuna Islander; adjective-Wallisian, Futunan, or Wallis and Futuna Islanders - Ethnic divisions: almost entirely Polynesian Religion: largely Roman Catholic GOVERNMENT Legal name: Territory of the Wallis and Futuna Islands Type: overseas territory of France Capital: Matu Utu Political subdivisions: 3 districts Branches: territorial assembly of 20 members; popular election of one deputy to National Assembly in Paris, and one Senator Government leader: Superior Administrator Jacques de Agostini Suffrage: universal adult Elections: every 5 years ECONOMY Agriculture: dominated by coconut production with subsistence crops of yams, taro, bananas Exports: negligible Imports: $1.4 million (1972); largely foodstuffs and some equipment associated with development programs Monetary conversion rate: 70 Colonial Franc Pacifique (CFP)=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 100 km of improved road on Uvea Island (1972) Ports: 2 minor Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with runway 1,220- 2,439 m, 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: 43 telephones DEFENSE No formal defense structure; no regular Armed Forces LAND 266,770 km2, nearly all desert Land boundaries: 2,086 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 6 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 1,110 km PEOPLE Population: 117,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1975) Nationality: noun-Saharan(s); adjective- Saharan Ethnic divisions: Arab, Berber, and Negro nomads Religion: Muslim Language: local Arabic or Hassania Literacy: among Spanish, probably nearly 100%; among nomads, perhaps 5% Labor force: 12,000; 50% agriculture, 50% other Organized labor: none GOVERNMENT Type: legal status of territory unresolved; territory partitioned between Morocco and Mauritania; the legal question of sovereignty over the area has yet to be determined; both countries have established political administration within their own zones of influence; the line of partition begins at a point on the coast where the Atlantic Ocean intersects the 24th parallel, and extends in a southeasterly direction until it intersects the 13th meridian ECONOMY Agriculture: practically none; some barley is grown in nondrought years; fruit and vegetables in the few oases; food imports are essential; camels, sheep, and goats are kept by the nomadic natives; cash economy exists largely for the garrison forces . Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 WESTERN SAHARA/WESTERN SAMOA . Major industries: phosphate mining, fishing, and handicrafts Shortages: "water Electric power: 4,000 kW capacity (1975); 9 million kWh produced (1975), 84 kWh per capita Exports: in 1975, up to $75 million-in. phosphates, all other exports valued at under $1 million Imports: $1,443,000 (1968); fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs Major trade partners: monetary trade largely with Spain and Spanish possessions. Aid: small amounts from Spain in prior years Monetary conversion rate: see Moroccan and Mauritanian currencies COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 6,100 km; 500 km bituminous treated, 5,600 kmunimproved earth roads and tracks Ports: 2 major (El Aaiun, Villa Cisneros), 2 minor Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 14 total, 13 usable; 3 with permanent- surface runways; 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: telephone and telegraph poor; 1,000 telephones; 16,000 radio receivers; 1 AM station, no FM or TV stations WESTERN SAMOA [~L*PAP6kU o?`,-' LAND 2,849 km2; comprised of 2 large islands of Savai'i and Upolu and several smaller islands, including Manono and Apolima; 65% forested, 24% cultivated, 11% industry, waste, or urban WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12, nm Coastline: 403 km PEOPLE. Population: 157,000 (January 1977), annual growth rate 2.8% (7-65 to 7-75) ? WESTERN ? SAMOA average Nationality: noun-Western Samoan(s); adjec- tive-Western Samoa Ethnic divisions: Polynesians, about 12,000 Euronesians (persons of European and Polynesian blood), 700 Europeans Religion: 99.7% Christian (about half of population associated with the London Missionary Society) Language: Samoan (Polynesian), English Literacy: 85%-90% (education compulsory for all children from 7-15 years) Labor force: agriculture 19,148; mining and manufacturing 1,716 (1961) Organized labor: unorganized GOVERNMENT Legal name: The Independent State of Western Samoa Type: constitutional monarchy under native chief; special treaty relationship with New Zealand Capital: Apia Legal system: based on English common law and local customs; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1962; judicial review of legislative acts with respect to fundamental rights of the citizen; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Head of State and. Executive Council; Legislative Assembly; Supreme. Court, Court of Appeal, Land and Titles Court, village courts Government leaders: Head of State, Malietoa Tanumafili II; Prime Minister, Tupuola Efi Suffrage: 45 Samoan members of Legislative Assembly are elected by holders of matai (heads of family) titles (about 5,000); 2 European members are elected by universal adult suffrage Elections: held triennially, last in February 1976 Political parties and leaders: no clearly defined political party structure Communists: unknown Member of: ADB, Commonwealth, ESCAP, IBRD, IFC, IMF, WHO ECONOMY GNP: $45 million (1974), $280 per capita Agriculture: cocoa, bananas, copra; staple foods include coconut, bananas, taro, and yams Exports: $7 million (f.o.b., 1975); copra 38%, cocoa 26%, timber 3% Imports: $36 million (c.i.f., 1975); food, manufactured goods, machinery . Major trade partners: exports-43% New Zealand, 10% Netherlands, 14%" West Germany, 12% U. S.; imports-33% New Zealand, 19% Australia, 12% Japan Aid: New Zealand, $7 million (est. 1972-76) Budget: 1975 est., revenues. 14 million tala, expenditures 22 million tala Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Monetary conversion rate: WS Tala=US$1.30 (December 1975), 0.77 WS Tala=US$1 Major industries: timber, tourism COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 784 km; 375 km bituminous, remainder mostly gravel, crushed stone, or earth Inland waterways: none Ports: 1 principal (Apia), 1 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 4 total, all usable; 1 with permanent surface runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: 2,600 telephones; 20,000 radio receivers; 1 AM station YEMEN (ADEN) LAND 287,490 km2; (border with Saudi Arabia un- defined); only about 1% arable (of which less than 25% cultivated) Land boundaries: 1,802'km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 1,383 km PEOPLE Population: 1,764,000, excluding the islands of Perim and Kamaran for which no data are available (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.9% (5-73 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Yemeni(s); adjective-Yemeni Ethnic divisions: almost all Arabs; a few Indians. Somalis, and Europeans in Aden Religion: Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: probably no higher than 10%; Aden 35% (est.) Member of: FAO, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO (NF), only legal party Communists: few known GOVERNMENT Legal name: Peoples Democratic Republic of Yemen - Type: republic; power centered in ruling National Front Party Capital: Aden; Madinat ash Sha'b, administrative capital Political subdivisions: 6 provinces Legal system: based on Islamic law (for personal matters) and English common law (for commercial matters); highest judicial organ, Federal High Court, interprets constitution and determines disputes between states Branches: Presidential Council; cabinet; Supreme People's Council Government leaders: Chairman of Presidential Council, Salim Rubayyi Ali; Prime Minister Ali Nasir Muhammed al-Hasani; NF Secretary General Abd Al-Fattah Ismail Suffrage: granted by constitution to all citizens 18 and over Elections: elections for legislative body, Supreme People's Council, called for in constitution; none have been held Political parties and leaders: National Front ECONOMY GNP: $100 million (1974 est.), $60 per capita Agriculture (all outside Aden): cotton is main cash crop; cereals, dates, kat (qat), coffee, and livestock are raised and there is a growing fishing industry; large amount of food must be imported (particularly for Aden); cotton, hides, skins, dried and salted fish are exported . Major industries: petroleum refinery (production 150,000 b/d) mid-1971; capacity 178,000 b/d at Little Aden operates on imported. crude;, oil exploration activity Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1975);125 million kWh produced (1975), 75 kWh per capita Exports: $20 million (1975 provisional), excluding petroleum products but including re-exports Imports: $154 million (1975 provisional) Major trade partners: Yemen, East Africa, but some cement and sugar imported from Communist countries; crude oil imported from Persian Gulf, exported mainly to U.K. and Japan Budget: (FY1974-75, est.)-revenues $42 million, expenditures $75 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 S. Yemeni dinar= US$2.90 . Fiscal year:1 April - 31 March Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 5,311 km; 322 km bituminous treated, 290 km crushed stone and gravel, 4,699 km motorable track Ports: 1 major (Aden) Pipelines: refined products, 32 km Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 95 total, 57 usable; 2 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 32 with runways 1,220-2,439 m; 1 seaplane station Telecommunications: small system of open-wire line, multiconductor cable, and radiocommunications stations; only center Aden; 9,900 telephones; 250,000 radio and 31,000 TV receivers; 1 AM, no FM and 3 TV stations; 2 submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 398,000; 220,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1971, $15,816,000; about 34.4% of central govern- ment budget YEMEN (SANA) LAND 194,250 km2 (parts of border with Saudi Arabia and Southern Yemen undefined); 20% agricultural, 1% forested, 79% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 1,528 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (plus 6 nm "necessary supervision zone") Coastline: 523 km PEOPLE Population: 6,791,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.6% (7-71 to 7-72) Nationality: noun-Yemeni(s); adjective-Yemeni Ethnic divisions: 90% Arab, 10% Afro-Arab (mixed) Religion: 100% Muslim Language: Arabic Literacy: 15% (est.) Labor force: almost entirely agriculture and herding GOVERNMENT Legal name: Yemen Arab Republic Type: republic; military regime assumed power in June 1974 Capital: Sana Political subdivisions: 8 provinces Legal system: based on Turkish law, Islamic law, and local customary law; first constitution promulgated December 1970, suspended June 1974; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: Military Command Council, Prime Minister, cabinet Government leaders: Head of Military Command Council, Col. Ibrahim Hamdi; Prime Minister Abd al-Ghani Communists: few known Political parties or pressure groups: Yemeni Union, a small inactive government party formed in February 1973; some pro-Iraqi Baathists, other small clandestine groups supported by Yemen (Aden) Member of: Arab League, FAO, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $780 million (1974 est.), $130 per capita Agriculture: sorghum and millet, qat (a mild narcotic), cotton, coffee, fruits and vegetables; largely self-sufficient in food Major industries: cotton textiles and leather goods produced on a small scale; handicraft and some fishing; small aluminum products factory Electric power: 15,000 kW capacity (1975); 25 million kWh produced (1975), 4 kWh per capita Exports: $15 million (1974 est.); qat, cotton, coffee, hides, vegetables Imports: $259 million (1975 est.); textiles and other . manufactured consumer goods, petroleum products, sugar, grain, flour, other foodstuffs, and cement Major trade partners: China, Yemen (Aden), U.S.S.R., Japan, U.K., Australia, Saudi Arabia Aid: bilateral pledges received-$167 million 1974, multilateral-$36 million through 1972, $170 million drawn through 1970; major donors include U.S.S.R., China, U.S., West Germany, Saudi Arabia; mili- tary-$78 million from U.S.S.R.; $30 million from Eastern Europe; $7 million western military aid through 1973 Budget: (1974/75 est.) $711 million expenditures Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Monetary conversion rate: 1 Yemeni rial= US$0.22 as of October 1973 Fiscal year: 1 July - 30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 3,477 km; 467 km bituminous; 435 km crushed stone and gravel; 2,575 km earth, sand, and light gravel Ports: 1 major (Al Hudaydah), 2 minor Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 27 total, 18 usable; 6 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system among Mideast's worst; consists of meager open-wire lines and low- power radiocommunication stations; principal center Sana, secondary centers Al Hudaydah and Taizz; 4,600 telephones; 87,000 radio receivers; 1 AM, no FM or TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,585,000; 876,000 fit for military service; about 72,000 reach military age (18) annually; univeral military conscription law (10 January 1963) makes military service obligatory for all Yemeni males 18-30 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1975, $50,402,000; 54.6% of central government budget YUGOSLAVIA LAND 255,892 km2; 32% arable, 25% meadows and pastures, 34% forested, 9% other Land boundaries: 3,001 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 10 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 1,521 km (mainland), plus 2,414 km (offshore islands) PEOPLE Population: 21,650,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.9% (current) Nationality: noun-Yugoslav(s); adjective- Yugoslav Ethnic divisions: 39.7% Serb, 22.1% Croat, 8.4% Muslims, 8.2% Slovene, 5.8% Macedonian, 2.5% Montenegrin, 6.4% Albanian, 2.3% Hungarian, 4.6% other (1971 census) Religion: 41% Serbian Orthodox, 32% Roman Catholic, 12% Muslim, 3% other, 12% none (1953 census) Language: Serbo-Croatian, Slovene, Macedonian, Albanian, Hungarian, and Italian Literacy: 80.3% (1961) Labor force: 13.5 million (1970); 49.6% agriculture, 16% mining and manufacturing, 34.4% other nonagricultural activities; reported unemploy- ment averaged 8% of registered labor force (social sector) in 1967 GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Type: Communist state, federal republic in form Capital: Belgrade Political subdivisions: 6 republics with 2 autonomous provinces (within the Republic of Serbia) Legal system: mixture of civil law system and Communist legal theory; constitution adopted 1974; legal education at several law schools; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: parliament (Federal Assembly) constitu- tionally supreme; executive includes cabinet (Federal Executive Council) and the federal administration; independent judiciary; the State Presidency is a collective policymaking body composed of a representative from each republic and province, Tito presides as President of the Republic Government leader: Josip Broz Tito, President of Republic and President of League of Communists of Yugoslavia - Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: Federal Assembly elected every 4 years by a complicated, indirect system of voting Political parties and leaders: League of Communists of Yugoslavia (LCY) only; leaders are President Tito and influential presidium members Edvard Kardelj, Vladimir Bakaric, and Stane Dolanc Voting strength: voter participation in national elections has declined, as follows-1963, 95.5%; 1965, 93.6%; 1967, 89%; 1969, 88%; 1974, no data available Communists: 1,119,000 party members (January 1975) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Other political or pressure groups: Socialist Alliance of Working People of Yugoslavia (SAWPY), the major mass front organization for the LCY; Confederation of Trade Unions of Yugoslavia (CTUY), Union of Youth of Yugoslavia (UYY), Federation of Yugoslav War Veterans (SUBNOR) Member of: ASSIMER, CEMA (observer, but participates in certain commissions), EC (5-year non- preferential trade agreement signed in May 1973), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHQ, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, OECD (participant in some activities), U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $39.19 billion (1975 est., at 1975 prices), $1,840 per capita; real growth rate 5.9% (1971-75) Agriculture: diversified agriculture with many small private holdings and large agricultural combines; main crops-corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, and sunflowers; generally a net exporter of foodstuffs and live animals; self-sufficient in food except for tropical products, cotton, wool, and vegetable meal feeds; caloric intake, 3,210 calories per day per capita (1967) Major industries: metallurgy, machinery and equipment, textiles, wood processing, food processing Shortages: electricity, fuels, steel, textile fibers, chemicals Crude- steel: 2.9 million metric tons produced (1975), 140 kg per capita . Electric power: 9 million kW capacity (1975);"40 billion kWh produced (1975),'1,870 kWh per capita Exports: $4,072 million (f.o.b., 1975); 12% foodstuffs and tobacco; 17% raw materials, fuels, and chemicals; 28% machinery and equipment; 43% other manufactures Imports: $7,697 million (c.i.f., 1975); 7% foodstuffs and tobacco; 33% raw materials, fuels, chemicals; 26% machinery and equipment;, 34% other manufactures Major trade partners: 68% non-Communist countries (35% EC; 6% U.S., 27% other non- Communist countries), 32% Communist countries Aid: postwar credits extended mainly by the U.S. (about $3.6 billion, including grants and $0.7 billion in military aid); Western Europe (more than $22 billion); IBRD ($1.1 billion); IMF (more than $730 million); Communist countries extended credits totaling $464 million in 1956 ($125 million drawing balance suspended in 1958) and $576 million during 1962-70 and $540 million in 1972; $173 million in 1974; Yugoslavia has extended credits totaling about $850 million to 27 less developed countries of Africa, Asia, and Latin America Monetary conversion rate: 17.0 new dinars= US$1 Fiscal year: same as calendar year (all data refer to calendar year or to middle or end of calendar year as indicated) COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 10,319 km; 9,353 km standard gage (1.435 m), 966 km narrow gage; 794 double track; 2,116 km electrified (1974) Highways: 98,372 km; 550 km concrete, 33,729 km bituminous, 1,101 km stone block, 37,522 km gravel, 25,470 km earth (1974) Inland waterways: 1,970 km (1976) Freight carried: rail-81.5 million metric tons, 23.1 billion metric ton/km (1974); highway-80.7 million metric tons, 9.8 billion metric ton/km (1975); waterway-19.4 million metric tons, 5.4 billion metric ton/km (incl. int'l. transit traffic) (1974) Pipelines: 322 km crude oil; 660 km natural gas Ports: 9 major (most important: Rijeka, Split, Koper, Bar), 24 minor (1976) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget (announced): for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, 32 billion dinars; about 6% of estimated GNP LAND 2,343,950 km2; 22% agricultural land (1% cultivated), 45% forested, 33% other Land boundaries: 9,902 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 37 km PEOPLE Population: 25,960,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.8% (7-74 to 7-75) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Nationality: noun-Zairian(s); adjective-Zairian Ethnic divisions: over 200 African ethnic groups, the majority are Bantu; four largest tribes-Mongo, Luba, Kongo (all Bantu), and the Mangbetu-Azande (Hamitic) make up about 45% of the population Religion: 51% Christian, 45% animist, 4% other Language: French, English, Lingala, Swahili, Kikongo, and Chiluba are all classified as official languages Literacy: 5% fluent in French, about 35% have an acquaintance with French Labor force: about 8 million, but only about 13% in wage structure GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Zaire (until October 1971 known as Democratic Republic of the Congo) . Type: republic; constitution establishes strong presidential system Capital: Kinshasa Political subdivisions: 8 regions and federal district of Kinshasa Legal system: based on Belgian civil law system and tribal law; new constitution promulgated 1967, revised 1974; legal education at National University of Zaire; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: president elected 1970 for seven-year term limited to two five-year terms, thereafter; National Legislative Council of 210 members elected for five-year term; the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: Lt. Gen. Mobutu Sese Seko, President Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: presidential and legislative elections in October and November 1970 Political parties and leaders: Mouvement Populaire de la Revolution (MPR), only legal party, organized from above with actual grassroots popularity not clearly definable Voting strength: MPR slate polled 96.3% of vote in 1970 elections Communists: no Communist Party; U.S.S.R. and People's Peoples Republic of China have diplomatic missions in Zaire Member of: AFDB, APC, CIPEC, EAMA, EIB (associate), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMF, IPU; ITC, ITU, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $2.1 billion (1975 prices), $80 per capita; 4% annual growth 1970-75 Agriculture: main cash crops-coffee, palm oil, rubber; main food crops-manioc, bananas, root crops, corn; some provinces self-sufficient Fishing: catch 124,000 metric tons (1974); imports $25 million (1972) Major industries: mining, mineral processing, light industries Electric power: 1,100,000 kW capacity (1975); 5.0 billion kWh produced (1975), 200 kWh per capita Exports: $825 million (f.o.b., 1975); copper, cobalt, diamonds, other minerals, coffee Imports: $1,057 million (c.i.f., 1975); consumer goods, foodstuffs, mining and other machinery, transport equipment, fuels Major trade partners: Belgium, U.S., and West Germany Aid: economic-U.S. (FY61-75), $685 million; (1971 estimated disbursements) Belgium, $31.4 million; France, $6.6 million; other bilateral aid $5.4 million; U.N., $9.4 million; EC, $18.9 million; China (1973), .$100 million; military-U.S., $61 million (FY62-75); IMF, $155 million (1976) Budget: 1976 proposed-revenue and expenditures, $720 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 zaire=US$1.17 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 5,149 km; 3,870 km 1.065-meter gage, 126 km meter gage (1.00 m); 136 km 0.610-meter gage, 1,017 km 0.600-meter gage, 851 km 1.065-meter gage electrified Highways: 141,600 km; 2,000 km. bituminous, 18,210 km gravel or crushed stone, remainder earth Inland waterways: comprising the Zaire, its tributaries, and unconnected lakes, the waterway system affords over 15,000 km of navigable routes Ports: 2 major (Matadi, Boma), 1 minor Pipelines: refined products, 740 km Civil air: 43 major transport aircraft Airfields: 387 total, 300 usable; 20 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with. runway over 3,660 in, 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 in, 56 with runways 1,220-2,439 in Telecommunications: limited, barely adequate telephone service, telegraph service good; 25,000 telephones; 100,000 radio receivers; 7,100 TV receivers; 12 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 5,677,000; 2,835,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1976, $72.3 million; 13% of central government budget Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 ZAMBIA LAND ` 745,920 km2; 5% under cultivation, 5% arable, 10% grazing, 13% dense forest, 6% marsh, 61% scattered trees and grassland Land boundaries: 6,003 km PEOPLE - Population: 5,099,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 2.7% (7-72 to 7-75) Nationality: noun-Zambian(s); adjective- Zambian Ethnic divisions: 98.7% African, 1.1% European, 0.2% other Religion: 82% animist, about 17% Christian, and under 1% Hindu and Muslim Language: English official; wide variety of indigenous languages Literacy: 28% Labor force: 402,000 wage earners; 375,000 Africans, 27,000 non-Africans; 15% mining, 9% agriculture, 9% domestic service, 19% construction, 9% commerce, 10% manufacturing, 23% government and miscellaneous services, 6% transport Organized labor: 100,000 wage earners, primarily in industrial sector, are unionized (early 1968) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Zambia Type: republic since October 1964 Capital: Lusaka Political subdivisions: 9 provinces Legal system: based on English common law and customary law; new constitution adopted September 1973; judicial review of legislative acts in an ad hoc constitutional council; legal education at University of Zambia in Lusaka; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: modified presidential system; unicam- eral legislature; judiciary January 1977 Government leader: President Kenneth Kaunda; Prime Minister Elijah Mudenda Suffrage: universal adult Elections: last general election December 1973 Political parties and leaders: United National Independence Party (UNIP), Kenneth Kaunda; former opposition party banned in December 1972 when 1 party state proclaimed Voting strength (1973 election): in first presidential and parliamentary elections under single- party system, 43% of eligible voters went to polls; Kaunda was only candidate for President; National Assembly seats were contested by members of UNIP Communists: no Communist Party, but sympa- thizers of socialism in upper levels of government, UNIP, and labor unions Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, FAO, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, IPU, ITU, OAU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GNP: $2.3 billion (1975), $470 per capita; real annual growth rate, 3% (1970-73) Agriculture: main crops-corn, tobacco, cotton; net importer of most major agricultural products Fishing: catch 37,000 metric tons (1974); imports $3.3 million (1973) Major industries: copper mining and processing Electric power: 1,100,000 kW capacity (1975); 6.4 billion kWh produced (1975), 1,300 kWh per capita Exports: $780 million (f.o.b., 1975); copper (95%), zinc, cobalt, lead, tobacco Imports: $845 million (c.i.f., 1975); consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, foodstuffs, fuels Major trade partners: U.K., South Africa, Japan, Western Europe Aid: economic-China (1967-75), $304 million; U.K. (1964-67), $63 million; IBRD (1965-75), $432 million; U.S. (FY53-75), $99 million; U.S.S.R., $9 million; Eastern Europe, $50 million; military-$9 million (1964-69), mainly U.K. and Canada; $12 million, Communist Budget: 1975-revenue $690 million, expenditures $932 million Monetary conversion rate: 1 Zambia kwacha= US$1.24 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,014 km, all narrow gage (1.065 m); 13 km double track Highways: 31,671 km; 5,000 km paved, 2,694 km crushed stone, gravel, or stabilized soil; remainder improved and unimproved earth Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 ZAMBIA/UNITED STATES Inland waterways: 2,250 km including Zambezi River, Luapula River, Lake Kariba, Lake Bangweulu, Lake Tanganyika; principal port on Lake Tanganyika is Mpulungu (of only local importance) Pipelines: 724 km crude oil Civil air: 8 major transport aircraft Airfields: 168 total, 167 usable; 12 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 21 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: all services being modern- ized and increased; presently adequate but must be expanded to permit growth; high-capacity wire and_ radio relay connect centers of Kitwe in northern mining region and Lusaka along axial north-south route; 68,000 telephones; 100,000 radio and 22,500 TV receivers; 4 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 1 satellite ground station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,125,000; 583,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 Dc- ember 1972, $70,000,000; 11.6% of central government budget UNITED STATES This "Factsheet" on the U.S. is provided solely as a service to those wishing to make rough comparisons of foreign country data with a U.S. "yardstick." Information is from U.S. open sources and publications and in no sense represents estimates by the U.S. intelligence community. LAND 9,363,396 km2 (contiguous U.S. plus Alaska and Hawaii); 19% cultivated, 2776 grazing and pasture, 32% forested, 22% waste, urban, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing, 12 nm) Coastline: 19,924 km PEOPLE Population: 215,966,000 (January 1977), average annual growth rate 0.8% (current) Ethnic divisions: 87.2% white, 11.3% negro, 1.4% other Religion: total membership in religious bodies, 131,434,000; Protestant 71,649,000, Roman Catholic 48,460,000, Jewish 6,115,000, other religions 3,841,361 Language: English, predominantly Literacy: almost complete Labor force: 92 million (1974) Organized labor: 23.4% of total (1972) GOVERNMENT Legal name: United States of America Legal system: based on English common law; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1789; judicial review of legislative acts; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations Voting strength (1976 presidential election): Democratic Party (Carter), 40,291,626 (51%); Republican Party (Ford), 38,563,089 (48%); minor parties, 826,258 (preliminary figures) Communists: party membership, 10,000-11,000 (est.); General Secretary, Gus Hall Member of: ADB, ANZUS, CENTO, Colombo Plan, DAC, FAO, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $1,516 billion (1975); 64% private consumption, 12% private investment, 24% govern- ment; $7,100 per capita; 1975 growth rate -1.8% (constant 1972 dollars) Fishing: catch 2.2 million metric tons (1974), valued at $898 million; imports $1,478 million, edible products (1974); exports $195 million, edible products (1974) Crude steel: 106 million metric tons produced (1975), 500 kg per capita Electric power: 504,969,265 kW capacity (1975); 1,912 billion kWh produced (1975), 8,912 kWh per capita est. Exports: $107.6 billion (f.o.b., 1975); machinery and transport equipment, chemicals, cereals, mineral fuels Imports: $103.4 billion (c.i.f., 1975); transport equipment, machinery, mineral fuels, steel, nonfer- rous metals, metal ores Major trade partners: 21% Canada, 10% Japan, 5% West Germany, 4% U.K. (1975) Official development assistance (aid): obligations and loan authorizations (FY75), economic $7.7 billion, military $2.3 billion Budget: National Accounts Basis, expenditures $323.7 billion, revenues $287.6 billion Fiscal year: 1 October - 30 September COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 277,686 km (1973) Highways: 6,059,200 km (1972) Inland waterways: 40,416 km of navigable inland channels, exclusive of the Great Lakes; freight carried 951 million short tons (1970) Pipelines: petroleum, 279,966 km (1972) Ports: 25 major Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Merchant marine: 600 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 9,982,730 GRT, 14,722,666 DWT; includes 3 passenger, 5 short-sea passenger, 163 cargo, 119 container, 14 roll-on/roll-off cargo, 234 tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 17 bulk, 2 combination ore/oil, 23 LASH Seebee and barge carriers, 19 specialized carriers; in addition there are 178 ships in reserve fleet Civil air: 5,214 major transport aircraft (1973) Airfields: 15,257 (1976) Telecommunications: 4,398 AM, 3,151 FM, 940 TV broadcast stations (1974); 147,000,000 telephones (1975), 65 telephones per 100 population (1975); 360 million radio and 110 million TV receivers DEFENSE FORCES Personnel: army 1,148,000, navy and marines 1,065,000, air force 942,000 (1973) .Military budget: $80.6 billion (1974 est.) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Alberta % `` I a n Edmonton rrrauuuua i Saskatchewan . Salt Lake City Yukon Territory Whitehorse N. 1 ` A r c t i c O c e a n ,Yellowknife Slave Lake Prince Rupert BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE I Canada 500 Miles 500 Kilometers Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21: CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 II Middle America Washingto 502848 1-77 .Dallas United States P a c i f i c O c. e a n BOUNDARY REPRESENTATION IS NOT NECESSARILY AUTHORITATIVE Gulf of Mexico GuatemaIa Guat mala* San Salvaa7br *j El Salvador 'Galapagos Is. 11 l\ (Ecuodorl Bermuda (U.K.) n rh Miami 1 W d*A A t. I a n t i c 0 c e a n Puerto Rico-virgin Is. (U.S.. U.K.) (U.S.) ,Anguilla(U.K.) ?, OFF St. Christopher (U.K.) !y Antigua (U.K.) ' Domingo '9,Q Nevis (U.K.) ,~ Guadeloupe (Fr.) Caribbean Sea S gDominica(u.K.) N %Martinique (Fr.) O IS). Lucia(U.K.) C I tt.K)ivent Barbados 'Grenada "Trinidad Port?of-Spain 3ond Tobago Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 I--- Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/21 : CIA-RDP08-00534R000100130001-8 III South America JaMaica