FACTBOOK 1981

Document Type:

CREST

Collection:

General CIA Records

Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST):

CIA-RDP08-00534R000100160001-5

Release Decision:

RIFPUB

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Document Page Count:

251

Document Creation Date:

December 22, 2016

Document Release Date:

August 20, 2012

Sequence Number:

Case Number:

Publication Date:

April 1, 1981

Content Type:

REPORT

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CIA-RDP08-00534R000100160001-5.pdf	29.84 MB

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Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 tD O Produced by the National Foreign Assessment Center Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDPO8-005348000100160001-5 This publication is prepared for the use of US Government officials, and the format, coverage, and content are designed to meet their specific requirements. US Government officials may obtain additional copies of this document directly or through liaison channels from the Central Intelligence Agency. Requesters outside the US Government may obtain subscriptions to CIA publications similar to this one by addressing inquiries to: Document Expediting (DOCEX) Project Exchange and Gift Division Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 or: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 Requesters outside the US Government not interested in subscription service may purchase specific publications either in paper copy or microform from: Photoduplication Service Library of Congress Washington, D.C. 20540 or: National Technical Information Service 5285 Port Royal Road Springfield, VA 22161 (To expedite service call the NTIS Order Desk (703) 487-4650) This publication is also for sale by the Superintendent of Documents, US Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 (Stock No.041-015-00138-8). Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 National Foreign Assessment Center The World Factbook 1981 The World Factbook (formerly called the National Basic Intelligence Factbook) is .produced annually by the National Foreign Assessment Center of the Central Intelligence Agency. The, data are provided by various components of the Central Intelligence Agency, the Defense Intelligence Agency, the Bureau of the Census, and the US State Department. In general, information available as.of.October. 1980 was used in the preparation of this edition. Comments and queries are welcome and may be addressed to: Director of Public Affairs Central Intelligence Agency Washington, D.C. 20505 (703) 351-7676 For information on how to obtain additional copies; see the inside of the front cover. Supersedes the January 1980 edition of the GS WF 81-001 National Basic Intelligence Factbook. April 1981 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 - Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Explanatory Notes .................................................. x United Nations (U.N.): Structure and Associated Agencies ........................:........... xi Abbreviations for -Other Important International Organizations .............................. xii Metric Conversions ..........................:........................:................................................... xiv VIII Soviet Uniort, East and South Asia IX Southeast Asia X Oceania XI Polar Regions Maps (following text) I The World (Guide II North America III Middle America IV South America V Europe VI Middle East VII Africa Abu _ Dhabi (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) AFGHANISTAN ...............:............................................................................................ 1 ~Ajman (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ALBANIA ...................................................................................................................... 2 ALGERIA ....................................................................................................................... 3 ANDORRA ...........................................::......................................................:...:............ 4 ANGOLA .........................................................................................................:............ 5 Anguilla (see ST. CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS) ANTIGUA ...........................................:......................................................................... 6 ARGENTINA ................................................................................................................. 7 AUSTRALIA ..............................:..:................................................................................. 8 AUSTRIA ....................................................................................:.....................:............ 10 BA'HRAIN ..............................................:......:...........................:......:............................. 12 Balearic Islands- (see SPAIN) BANGLADESH .............................................................................:................................ 13 BARBADOS ...............:......:........................................................................................... 14 BELGIUM ...................................................................................................................... 15 BELIZE .....................................................................................................:.................... 17 Azores (see PORTUGAL) -B- BAHAMAS, THE ........................:...............M................................................................,. Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 BENIN ...................................:....................................................................................... 18 BERMUDA ....................................................:.............:.....................:........................... 19 BHUTAN .............:....................... ............................. 20 ...................................................... BOLIVIA ........................:...........................................................................:................... 21 Bophuthatswana (see SOUTH AFRICA) BOTSWANA ...........................................................................................::..................... 22 ,, .. BRAZIL ............................................................................................................................ 23 British Honduras (see BELIZE) British Solomon Islands (see SOLOMON ISLANDS) BRUNEI ......................................................................................................................... 25 BULGARIA .................................................................................................................... 26 BURMA ..................:...................................................................................................... 27 BURUNDI .......: .............................................................................................................. 28 Cabinda (see ANGOLA) Cambodia (see KAMPUCHEA) CAMEROON ................................................................................................................... 29 CANADA ...................................................................................................................... 30 Canary Islands (see SPAIN) CAPE VERDE ............................................................:................:......:.....:....................:: 32 CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC .................................................................................. ~ 33 Ceylon (see SRI LANKA) CHAD ..............................:...................................................:..:..................................... 34 CHILE ............................................................................................................................ 35 CHINA (Taiwan listed at end of table) ................................................................... 37 COLOMBIA ..............................................................................................................:.... 38 COMOROS ..............................................................................:.................................... 39 CONGO (Brazzaville) .................................................................................................. 40 Congo (Kinshasa) (see ZAIRE) COOK ISLANDS .......................................................................................................... 41 COSTA RICA .............................................................:..............:. ..........._ 42 CUBA .............................................................................................................................. 44 CYPRUS ........................................................................................................................ 45 CZECHOSLOVAKIA ...................................................................................................... 46 Dahomey (see BENIN) DENMARK ..:................................................................................................................. 48 DJIBOUTI (formerly French Territory of the Afars and Issas) ............................... 49 DOMINICA ................................................................................................................... 50 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC .............................................................................................. 51 Dubai (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) ECUADOR .................................................................................................................... 52 EGYPT ......................................................................................................................:.... 53 . Ellice Islands (see TUVALU) _ Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 EL SALVADOR .......................:.......::...................:......................................:...:............. 55 `EQUATORIAL GUINEA ...................:.....................:................................................:.... 56 ~THIOPIA :.................................:...............:....:......:...:.:::................................'.....:......... 57 .FALKLAND ISLANDS (MALVINAS) .............................:.........:..............:.....:...........'.... 59 FAROE" ISLANDS ................:..................:...........:......................:..................:....:..::...... 59 FIJI ...............................................................:.......`.......:................................................. 60 FINLAND .............:...............................:......................................................................... 62 FRANCE .............................:..................................:....................................................... 63 FRENCH GUIANA ..............................................:...................:.............:..................:... 65 FRENCH POLYNESIA ..................................:.....................................:..................:...... 66 French Territory of the Afars and Issas (see DJIBOUTI) Fujairah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) GABON ...........................................................................................................::....:...... 67 GAMBIA, THE .............................................................................................:.............:. 68 GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC .....................................................~.......::.........:. 69 GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF ......:.....:.:....:....:.....:.........:........:::......::...:...::... 70 . , :, GHANA ..........................................................................:..:..:.::...:.:'..............:..:.......:..:. 72 GIBRALTAR ................................................................:.....................:...........:.:....:......... 73 Gilbert Islands (see KIRIBATI) GREECE .....:.................................................................................................:.......:........ 74 GREENLAND ...........................:...............................................:.................................... 75 'GRENADA :.............:.....:................:......................................................................:....... 76 GUADELOUPE ..................................:.....:...................:.......................................:......... 77 ~, GUATEMALA .....:...........:.......:.........:.........:.............................................:..:............:..:. 78 GUINEA ................................................................................::..........:...:...........::.......... 80 GUINEA-BISSAU ...............................:..........................................................:............... 81 Guinea, Portuguese (see GUINEA-BISSAU). GUYANA ......:...................:..............................:.........................:..............:...:...............` 82 HAITI ............................................................................................................................. 83 HONDURAS ................................................................................................................. 84 HONG KONG ..................................................................................:...:.:.:.....:............ 85 HUNGARY ..................................:................................................................................. 87 -I- ICELAND ...........:......................:.:................................................:....................:........... 88 INDIA ........................................................................:...::...........:....:.....:..:.......:.......:.... 89 INDONESIA ............................:..................................................................................... 91 IRAN ..:.......................................................................................................................... 92 IRAQ ...:................................:..................................................................:.............,........ ? 93 IRELAND ..:....: ................:...........:...:.:.:....:...................................................................... 94 ISRAEL .......................................................................................:........::...:.................... 96 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 ITALY ............................................................................................................................ 97 IVORY COAST .................................................... ......................................................... 99 JAMAICA ................:......................:.............................................................:..........:....: 100 JAPAN ..................................................................................................................:....... 101 ._ . JORDAN ..........................:..................:.............:::.................:.....................................`.`?- 103 KAMPUCHEA (formerly Cambodia) .......................:.................................................:.. 104 KENYA ....................:..................................................................................................... 105 KIRIBATI (formerly Gilbert Islands) ........:................................................................... 106 KOREA, NORTH ...................................................:....................................................:. 107 KOREA, SOUTH ......................:.....................................:............................................. 108 KUWAIT ...........................................:............................................:............................... 110 LAOS .............................................................:.......................................................:...... 111 LEBANON ...................................................................................................:................. 112 LESOTHO ......................................................................................::.........:..:..:.....:..:.... 113 LIBERIA .......::............::..........:..............................:........................:.....................:......... 114 LIBYA .......:.............................................................................:........................:............: 115 LIECHTENSTEIN .....:...........................................:....:.................................................... 117 LUXEMBOURG ....................................................................:.......................................: 118 MACAU ...............:...............:...................................................................................:.... 119 MADAGASCAR ............................................................................................................ 120 Madeira Islands (see PORTUGAL) Malagasy Republic (see MADAGASCAR) MALAWI ....................................................................................................:.................. 121 MALAYSIA .................................................................................................................... 123 MALDIVES .....................................................:.....:........................................................ 125 MALI .......................:......:......................................................:....:..............................~.... 126 .MALTA ..................................................................................................:........:...:.......... 127 MARTINIQUE ................................................................:.............................................. 12$ MAURITANIA ............: ............:..................:.....................................................:.......:.... 129 MAURITIUS ...............................................................:................................................... 131 MEXICO ......................................:................................................................................ 132 MONACO ........:........................................................................................................... 133 MONGOLIA .................................................................::.............................:...:............ 134 MOROCCO .........................................................; ........................................................ 135 MOZAMBIQUE ......................................................::..:....:.:....::....::.:.:....:...........:.....:.... 137 -N- NAMIBIA (South-West Africa) ......................................:............................................. 138 NAURU ......................................................................................................................... 139 NEPAL ...............................................................................................:.......................... 140 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 NETHERLANDS ..........................................................:................................................. 141 NETHERLANDS ANTILLES ........................................................................................:: 143 NEW CALEDONIA ...:.................................................................................................. 144 New Hebrides (see VANUATU) NEW ZEALAND .......................................................................................................... 145 NICARAGUA ................................................................................................................ 146 NIGER ..................;........................................................................................................ 148 NIGERIA ........................................................................:.............................................. 149 Northern Rhodesia (see. ZAMBIA) NORWAY ..........:............................................................:..............................................150 -O- OMAN .......................................................................:..............................::........:......... 152 -P- PAKISTAN ..........................................................:......................................................... 152 PANAMA ...................................................................................................................... 154 PAPUA NEW GUINEA ............................................................................................... 155 PARAGUAY ...........:...................................................................................................... 156 Pemba (see TANZANIA) PERU ............:..........:....................................................................................................:.158 PHILIPPINES .......................................................:......................................................... 159 POLAND ............................................:........................................................:...............:. 160 .PORTUGAL ........:..........................................................................................:............... 162 Portuguese Guinea (see GUINEA-BISSAU) Portuguese Timor (see INDONESIA) QATAR ...........................:.................:........................................:....:....:.............:.......... 163 Ras al Khaimah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) REUNION ......................................................................................'.....:......................... 164 Rhodesia (see ZIMBABWE) Rio Muni (see EQUATORIAL GUINEA) ROMANIA ................................................................................................:.............:..... 165 RWANDA .:...........................:..........:................................................:.....................:..... 167 ST: CHRISTOPHER-NEVIS-ANGUILLA ..................................:..................................... 168 ST. LUCIA ............................................:............:................................................::........ 169 ST. VINCENT AND. THE GENADINES ....................................................:............... 169 SAN MARINO ............................................................................................................. 170 SAO TOME AND PRINCIPE ..................................................................................... 172 SAUDI ARABIA ............................................:..:..........................................:................. 173 SENEGAL ............................................................:................................:....................... 174 SEYCHELLES ...........................................:......................................:.:...:........................ 175 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Southern Rhodesia (see ZIMBABWE) South-West Africa (see NAMIBIA) Sharjah (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) SIERRA LEONE .........................................................:.................................................. 176 SINGAPORE ............................................::....:...................................:............:............. 177 SOLOMON ISLANDS- (formerly British Solomon Islands) :...: ............:....:.::... `.......... 179 SOMALIA ............................................................................................................:........ 179 SOUTH AFRICA .....................:..................................................................................... 180 SOVIET UNION ........................................................,...........................................:....:: 182 SPAIN .........................:....................................................................:............................ 183 Spanish Sahara (see WESTERN SAHARA) SRI LANKA (formerly Ceylon) .:...........:..........:........................:.................................. 185 SUDAN ....................................................................:.............................................::..... 187 SURINAME ..................:..................................:............................................................. 188 SWAZILAND ..........:...............................................................................................:.:... 189 SWEDEN ....................................................................:................................................. 190 SWITZERLAND ............................................................................................................. 192 SYRIA .................................................:..................................:....................................... 193 Tanganyika (see TANZANIA) TANZANIA ..................................................:................................................................ 194 Tasmania (see AUSTRALIA) THAILAND .................................................................................................................... 196 TOGO ......................................................................:..............................:..................... 197 TONGA .................:...................................................................................................... 198 Transkei (see SOUTH AFRICA) TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO ......................................................................................... 199 TUNISIA ........................................................................................................................ 200 TURKEY .......................................................................................:................................ 201 TUVALU (formerly Ellice Islands) .............:.................................................................. 203 UGANDA ...................................................................................................................... 203 Umm al Qaiwain (see UNITED ARAB EMIRATES) UNITED ARAB EMIRATES: Abu Dhabi, `Ajman, Dubai, Fujairah, Ras al Khaimah, Sharjah, Umm al Qaiwain ........................................................ 205 United Arab Republic (see .EGYPT) UNITED KINGDOM .......:.......................................:..................................................... 206 UNITED STATES ..............:........................:.................................................................. 207 UPPER VOLTA ..........................:..............................:................................................... 208 URUGUAY .................................................................................................................... 209 VANUATU (formerly New Hebrides) ......................................................................... 211 VATICAN CITY .........................:.................................................................................. 211 VENEZUELA ......................................................:...........................................:.............. 212 VI ~TNAM ...................................................................................................................... 214 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 WALLIS AND FUTUNA ....................................................................................:......... 215 Walvis Bay (see SOUTH AFRICA) WESTERN SAHARA (formerly Spanish Sahara) .::..................................................... 215 WESTERN SAMOA .......................................:.......:..........:.............,,........,.,..:....:........ 216 YEMEN (Aden) ............................................................................................................... 2l7 YEMEN (Sanaa) ..................................................................: ...............................:........ 21.8 YUGOSLAVIA ............................................................................................................... 219 ZAIRE .........: .........................................................:....................:................................... .221 ZAMBIA ............................................................................................................:............ 222 .Zanzibar (see TANZANIA) ZIMBABWE .......:............................................................................................:::............ .223 TAIWAN ................:.......::............:......................:.....................................:................... 224 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Definitions, Abbreviations, and Explanatory Notes: Dates of Information: ? Population estimates have been projected to 1 January 1981. ? Military-manpower estimates are as of 1 January 1980, except the numbers of males reaching military age, which are projected averages for the five-year period 1980-84. ? In addition, although research for this edition was generally completed in October . ,1980, major political developments through the end of 1980 have been included. ~_ Fiscal Year: The abbreviation FY stands for fiscal year; all years are calendar years un- less otherwise indicated. GDP and GNP: GDP is the total market value of all goods and services produced within the domestic borders of a country over a particular time period, normally a year. GNP equals GDP plus the income accruing to domestic residents arising from investment abroad less income earned in the domestic market accruing to foreigners abroad. Imports, Exports, and Aid: Standard abbreviations-. used in individual entries throughout this factbook are c.i.f. (cost,. insurance, and freight), f.o.b. (free on board), ODA (official development .assistance), and OOF (other official flows). Land Utilization: Most of the land utilization perceritages are rough estimates. Figures for ~~arable" land in .some cases reflect the area under cultivation rather than the total cultivable area. Maritime Zones: Fishing and economic zones claimed by coastal states are included only when they differ from territorial sea limits. Maritime claims do not necessarily rep- resent the position of the United States Government. Money: All- money figures are in contemporaneous U.S. dollars unless otherwise indicated. ' Oil Terms: Barrel (bbl) and barrels per day (b/d) are used to express volume of crude oil and refined products; a barrel equals 42.00 gallons, 158:99 liters, 5.61 cubic feet, or 0.16 cubic meters. Some of the countries and governments included in this publication are not fully indepen- dent and others are not officially recognized by the United States Government. Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 UNITED NATIONS (U.N.): STRUCTURE AND .ASSOCIATED AGENCIES Principal Organs: SC GA ECOSOC TC ICJ Operating Bodies: UNCTAD TDB UNDP UNICEF UNIDO Regional Economic ECA ECE , ECLA ECWA Security Council General Assembly Economic and Social Council Trusteeship Council International Court of Justice Secretariat U.N. Conference- on Trade and Development Trade and Development Board ~ ` U.N. Development Program U.N. Children's Fund U.N. Industrial Development Organization Commissions: Economic Economic Economic Economic Commission Commission Commission Commission for for for for Africa Europe Latin America Western Asia ESCAP Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Intergovernmental Agencies Associated with the U.N.: FAO Food and Agriculture Organization GATT IBRD ICAO IDA IFAD IFC ILO IMCO IMF (FUND) ITU UNESCO UPU WFC WHO WIPO WMO Autonomous IAEA General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade the Pacific International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) International Civil Aviation .Organization. International International International International Development Association .(IBRD Affiliate) Fund for Agricultural Development Finance Corporation (IBRD Affiliate) Labor Organization Inter-Governmental Maritime Consultative International Monetary Fund International Telecommunication Union United Nations Educational, Scientific, Universal Postal Union World Food Council World Health Organization and Cultural Organization World Intellectual Property Organization World Meteorological Organization ? Organization Under the U.N.: International Atomic Energy Agency Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 ?ABBREVIATtONS FOR OTHER IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS AAPSO Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Organization. ADB Asian Development Bank AFDB African Developmentv.:66nk ~ ~ ~ ? AIOEC Association of Iron Ore Exporting Countries ANRPC Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries ~: ANZUS ANZUS Council; treaty signed by Australia, New Zealand, and'ihe United States - APC African Peanut (Groundnut) Council ASEAN .Association of Southeast Asian Nations ASPAC Asian and Pacific Council; ASSIMER - -International Mercury Producers Association BENELUX Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg Economic Union BLEU Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union CALM ,Central American Common Market CARICOM Caribbean Common Market , CARIFTA Caribbean Free Trade Association CEAO West African Economic Community CEMA Council for Economic Mutual Assistance LENTO Central Treaty Organization CIPEC Intergovernmental Council of. CoppeF ~ Exporting Countries "-' . Colombo'- Plan ? . Council. of Europe - DAC Development Assistance .Committee (OECD) EAMA African States associated witk the EEC EC European Communities -(EEC, ECSC, EURATOM) ' ECOWAS Economic Community of West African States ECSC European Coal and Steel Community EEC European Economic Community (Common Market) EFTA European Free Trade Association EIB European Investment Bank ELDO European- Space Vehicle Launcher Development Organization EMA European Monetary Agreement ENTENTE Political-Economic Association of Ivory Coast, Dahomey, Niger, Upper Volta, and Togo ESRO European Space Research Organization EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community G-77 Group of 77 IADB Inter-American Defense Board IATP International Association of Tungsten Producers IBA International Bauxite Association ICAC International Cotton Advisory Committee ICCO International Cocoa Council ICES International Cooperation in Ocean Exploration ILO International Coffee Organization IDB Inter-American Development Bank IEA International Energy Agency (Associated with OECD) IHO International Hydrographic Organization . International Lead and Zinc Study Group IOOC International Olive Oil Council Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 ABBREVIATIONS FOR,OTHER IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (Cont.) IPU Inter-Parliamentary Union IRC International Red Cross ISO International Sugar,: -Organization.. , ; ~ ,~,~,~_ , ITC International Tin Council IWC International Whaling Commission IWC?-. ~ International Wheat Council LAFTA Latin American Free Trade. Association LICROSS League? of Red Cross Societies NAM Non-Aligned Movement NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization . OAPEC Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries OAS Organization- of American States OAU Organization of African Unity OCAM Afro-Malagasy and Mauritian Common Organization ODECA Organization of Central American. States OECD Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries SELA Latin American Economic System UDEAC Economic and Customs Union of Central Africa UEAC Union: of. Central African': States UPEB Union of Banana Exporting Countries . ~. WEU Western European Union WPC World Peace Council - WSG Interr-dtional Wool'Study Group WTO World Tourism Organization Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Approximate Metric Conversions* Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol LENGTH mm millimeters .0.039 inches cm centimeters 0.394 inches m meters 3.281 feet m .meters 1.094- yards , km kilometers 0.621 miles cm2 mz mz ha km2 Symbol When You Know Multiply by To Find Symbol LENGTH in. in inches 25.400 millimeters mm in; in inches .2.540 centimeters cm ft ft feet ~ 30.480 centimeters. cm yd yd, yards 0.914 meters m mi mi miles' 1.609 kilometers km square centimeters 0.155 square inches in2 square meters .10.764 square: feet ftz square meters 1.196 square yards yd2 hectares (10,000 m2) 2.471 acres _square".kilometers 0.386 square miles mil MASS (weight) g grams 0.035 ounces kg kilograms 2.204 pounds t metric tons (1000 kg) 1.1.02 short tons MASS (wei ht) inz square inches 6.452 sq. centimeters cmz ft2 square feet 0.093 square meters mz ydz square yards 0.836 square, meters m2 acres 0.405 hectares ha mil square miles 2.590 square kilometers kmz oz oz ounces 28.350 grams Ib Ib pounds 0.454 kilograms short tons (2000 Ib) _ 0.907 metric tons * Metric units of length, area, and weight are used in this publication. Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 AFGHANISTAN Branches: Revolutionary Council acts as legislature and final court of appeal; President of Council acts as chief of state; cabinet and judiciary responsible to council; Presidium chosen by council has full authority when council not in~ ses- ' Sion; Loya Jirga (Grand Assembly)' supposed to convene eventually and approve permanent constitution Government leaders: President of the Revolutionary Council, Prime, Minister, and .head of the PDPA, .Babrak Karmal Suffrage: universal from age 18 Political parties and leaders: The People's Democratic Party of Afghanistan is the .sole legal political party Communists: the PDPA reportedly claims 50,000 mem- bers; the Parcham faction of the PDPA was installed on 27 December 1979; the deposed Khalgi faction essentially has LAND 647,500 km?; 22% arable (12% cultivated, 10% pasture), 75% desert, waste, or urban, 3% forested Land boundaries: 5,510 km PEOPLE Population: 15,193,000 (January 1981), average growth rate 2.2% (current); this estimate does not take into account the demographic consequences of the Soviet intervention in Afghanistan Nationality: noun-Afghan(s); adjective-Afghan Ethnic divisions: 50% Pashtuns, 25% Tajiks, 9% Uzbeks, 9% Hazaras; minor ethnic groups include Chahar Aimaks, Turkmen, Baluchi, and others Religion: 87% Sunni Muslim, 12% Shia Muslim, 1% other Language: 50% Pashtu, 35% Afghan Persian (Dari), 11% Turkic languages (primarily Uzbek and Turkmen), 10% thirty minor languages (primarily Baluchi and Pashai); much bilingualism Literacy: 10% Labor force: 4.98 million (1980 est.); 67.8% agriculture, and animal husbandry, 10.2% industry, 6.3% construction, 5.0% commerce, 7.7% services and other Organized labor: Government-controlled being established GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic Republic of Afghanistan Type: Communist Soviet force Capital: Kabul Political subdivisions: 26 provinces with centrally ap- pointed governors Legal system: not established; legal education at Uni- versity of Kabul; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction been purged from the regime; the $holaye-Jaweid is a much smaller nra-Peking group Other political or pressure groups: the military and other branches of internal security are being rebuilt by the Soviets; insurgency continues throughout the country; widespread opposition on religious grounds and -anti-Soviet sentiment Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, ILO, 'IMF, ITU, NAM, U. N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $3.4 billion (1979 est.), $230 per capita (est.); real growth rate 4.5% (1976-79) , Agriculture: subsistence farming and animal husbandry; main crops-wheat, cotton, fruits , Major industries: soap, furniture, shoes, carpets, fertiliz- ers, textiles, cement, coal mining Electric power: 360,000 kW capacity (1979); 750 million kWh produced (1979), ,50 kWh per capita Exports: $321.7 million (f.o.b., 1979); mostly raisins, natural gas, other dried fruits and nuts, carpets, and cotton Imports: $419.9 million (commercial, c.i.f., 1979); mostly wheat, tea, petroleum products, textiles and yarns, tractors and motor vehicles -Major trade partners: exports-U.S.S.R., India, U.K., Pakistan, West Germany, Switzerland, U.S.; imports=Japan, U.S.S.R., India, West Germany, U. K., U.S. Budget: current expenditure Af19.2 billion, capital expenditure Af14.5 billion for 1980 (est.) Monetary conversion rate: 44.5 Afghanis=US$1 (official, mid-1980) Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 0.6 km (single track) 1.524-meter gage, government-owned spur of Soviet line Highways: 21,115 km total (1977); 2,960 km paved, 3,910 km gravel, 8,735 km improved earth, and 5,780 km unimproved earth Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Inland waterways: total navigability 1,200 km; steamers use Amu Darya Ports: 3 minor river ports; largest Shen Khan Civil air: 6 major transport aircraft Airfields: 37 total, 36 usable; 9 with :permanent-surface runways; 7 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 11 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: limited telephone, telegraph, and radiobroadcast services; television to be introduced by 1980; 35,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, no FM, no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, about 3.5 million; 1.9 million fit for military service; about 136,000 reach military age (22) annually Supply: dependent on foreign sources, almost exclusively `the U.S.S.R. Military budget: estimated expenditures for fiscal year ending 31 March 1979, about $63.8 million; approximately 12% of central government budget LAND 28,749 kmz; 19% arable, 24% other agricultural, 43% forested, 14% other Land boundaries: 716 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 15 nm Coastline: 418 km (including Sazan Island) PEOPLE Population: 2,705,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Albanian=s); adjective-Albanian Ethnic divisions: 96% Albanian, remaining 4% are Greeks, Vlachs, Gypsies, and Bulgarians Religion: 70% Muslim, 20% Albanian Orthodox, 10% Roman Catholic; observances prohibited; Albania claims to be the world's first atheist state Language: Albanian; Greek " Literacy: about 70%; no reliable current statistics avail- able, but probably greatly improved Labor force: 911,000 (1969); 60.5%"agriculture, 17.9% industry, 21.6% other nonagricultural GOVERNMENT Legal .name: People's Socialist Republic of Albania Type: Communist state Capital: Tirane Political subdivisions: 27 rethet (districts), including capital Legal system: based on constitution adopted in 1976; judicial review of legislative acts only in the Presidium of the People's Assembly, which is not a true court; legal education at State University of Tirane; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Liberation Day, 29 November Branches: People's Assembly, Council of Ministers, judiciary Government leaders: Premier and Chairman of Council of Ministers, Mehmet Shehu; Chairman, Presidium of the People's Assembly, Haxhi Lleshi (Chief of State) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: national elections theoretically held every 4 years; last elections 6 November 1978; 99.99% of~ electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Albanian Workers Party only; First Secretary, Enver Hoxha Communists: 101;500 .party members (November 1976) Member of: CEMA, IAEA, IPU, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WFTU, WHO, WIvIO; has not participated in CEMA since rift with U.S.S.R. in 1961; officially withdrew from Warsaw Pact 13 September 1968 ECONOMY GNP: $1.2 billion in 1972 (at 1970 prices), $520 per capita Agriculture: food deficit area; main crops-corn, wheat, tobacco, sugar beets, cotton; food shortages-wheat; caloric intake, 2,100 calories per day per capita (1961/62) , Major industries: agricultural processing, textiles and clothing, lumber, and extractive industries Shortages: spare parts, machinery and equipment, wheat Electric power: 1,080,000 kW capacity (1979); 2:8 billion kWh produced (1979), 1,050 kWh -per capita Exports: $150.5 million (1978 est.); 1964 trade-55% minerals, metals, fuels; 23% foodstuffs (including cigarettes); 17% agricultural materials (except foods); 5% consumer Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Imports: _$173.4 million. (1978); 1964 trade-50% machin- ery, equipment, and.spare parts; 16% minerals, metals, fuels, construction materials; 16% foodstuffs; 7% consumer goods; 7% fertilizers, other chemicals, rubber; 4% agricultural materials (except foodstuffs) Aid: Albania claims to have drawn $1.3 billion in Chinese economic aid since 1960 Monetary conversion rate: 5 leks=US$1 (commercial); 12.5 leks=US$1 (noncommercial) Fiscal years same as calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake, which is reported for consumption year 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 277 km standard gage .(1.435 m), single track, government-owned (1975) Highways: 4,989 km total; 1,287 km paved, 1,609 km crushed stone and/or gravel, 2,093 km improved or unimproved earth (1975) Inland, waterways: 43 km plus Albanian sections of Lake Scutari, Lake Ohrid,. and Lake Prespa (1979) Freight carried: rail-2.8 million metric tons, 180 million metric ton/km (1971); highways-39 million metric tons, 900 million metric ton/km (1971) Ports: 1.-major (Durres), 3 minor (1979) Pipelines: crude oil, 117 km; refined products, 65 km; natural gas, 64 km Civil air: no civil airline DEFENSE FORCES Military budget announced: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1979, 835 million leks; 10.7% of total budget LAND 2,460,500 km2; 3% cultivated, 16% pasture and meadows, 1% forested, 80% desert, waste, or urban Land boundaries: 6,260 km . WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 1,183 km PEOPLE Population:-19,026,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 3.2% (current) Nationality: noun-Algerian(s); adjective-Algerian Ethnic divisions: 99% Arab-Berbers, less than 1% Europeans Religion: 99% Muslim, 1% Christian and Hebrew Language: Arabic (official), French, Berber dialects Literacy: 25% (5% Arabic, 9% French, 11% both) Labor force: 4.0 million; 50% agriculture, 20% industry, 30% other (military, police, civil service, transportation workers, teachers, merchants, construction workers); at least 20% of urban labor unemployed Organized labors 25% of labor force claimed; General Union of Algerian Workers (UGTA) is the only labor organization and is subordinate to the National Liberation Front GOVERNMENT Legal name: Democratic and Popular Republic of Algeria Type: republic Capital: Algiers Political subdivisions: 31 Wilayas (departments or provinces) Legal system: based on French and Islamic law, with socialist principles; new constitution adopted by referendum November 1976; judicial review of legislative acts in ad hoc Constitutional Council composed of various public officials, including several Supreme Court justices; Supreme Court divided into 4 chambers; legal .education at Universities of Algiers, Oran, and Constantine; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 1 November Branches: executive dominant; unicameral legislature reconvened in March 1977; judiciary Government leader: President, Col. Chadli Bendiedid, elected 7 February 1979 as successor to deceased President Boumediene Suffrage: universal over age 19 Elections (latest): presidential 7 February 1979; depart- mental assemblies 2 June 1974; local assemblies 30 March 1975; legislative elections held 25 February 1977 Political parties and leaders: National Liberation Front (FLN), Secretary General Chadli Bendiedid Communists: 400 (est.); Communist Party illegal (banned 1962) Member of: AFDB, AIOEC ,Arab League, ASSIMER, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ITU, NAM, .OAPEC, OAU, OPEC, U.N., UNESCO; UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 ECONOMY GDP: $31.3 billion (1979 est.), $1;720 per capita; 9.0% real growth in 1979 Agriculture: main crops-wheat, .barley, grapes, citrus fruits Major industries: petroleum, light industries,, natural gas, mining, petrochemical,, electrical, and automotive plants under construction Electric power: 1,882,000 kW capacity (1979); 6,120 million kWh. produced (1979), 330 'kWh per capita Exports: $8.2 billion (f:o.b., 1979) Imports: $8.2 billion (c.i.f., 1979); major items-capital goods 42.0%, semi-finished goods 23.4%, foodstuffs 14.8%; from France 23%, U.S. 9% Major trade partners: U.S., West Germany, France, Italy Monetary conversion rate: 1 DA=US$0.24 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS _ Railroads: 3,950 km total; 2,690 km standard gage (1.435 m), 1,140 km 1.055-meter gage, 120 km meter gage (1.000 m); 302 km electrified; 193 km double track Highways: 78,410 km total; 45,070 km concrete or bituminous, 33,340 km gravel, crushed stone, unimproved earth Ports: 9 maior, 8 minor Pipelines: crude oil, 3,983 km; refined products, 298 km; natural gas, 2,398 km Civil air: 35 maior transport aircraft, including 4 leased in Airfields: 187 total, 175 usable; 56 with permanent- surface runways; 22 with runways 2,440-3,659 m; 88 with runways 1,220-2,439 m DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,866,000; 2,310,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually 202,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, $705 million; 4% of central government budget ~Itfartt~c .Flce~n.:? (See rele~ence map VJ GOVERNMENT Legal name: Andorra; Valls d'Andorra (Catalan) Type: unique coprincipality under formal sovereignty of President of France and Spanish Bishop of Seo de Urgel, who are represented locally by officials called verguers Capital: Andorra ;Political subdivisions: 7 . districts Legal system: based on French and Spanish civil codes; Plan of Reform adopted 1866 serves as constitution; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction Branches: legislature (General Council) consisting of 28 members with one-half elected -every 2 years for 4-year term; executive-syndic (manager) and a deputy sub-syndic chosen by General Council for 3-year terms; judiciary chosen by coprinces who appoint 2 civil judges, a judge of appeals, and 2 Batles (court prosecutors); final appeal to the Supreme Court of Andorra at Perpignan, France, or to the Ecclesiastical Court of the Bishop of Seo de Urgel, Spain Suffrage: males of 21 or over who are third generation Andorrans vote for General Council members; same right granted to women in April 1970 Elections: half of General Council chosen every 2 years, LAND , 466 km2 Land boundaries: 105 km PEOPLE Population: 31,000 (official estimate for 1 July 1979) Nationality: noun-Andorran(s); adjective-Andorran Ethnic divisions: Catalan stock; 30% Andorrans, 61% Spanish, 6% French, 3% other Religion: virtually all Roman Catholic Language: Catalan, many also speak some French and Castilian Labor force: unorganized; largely shepherds and farmers last election December 1979 Political parties and leaders: political parties not yet legally recognized; traditionally no political parties but only partisans for particular independent candidates for the General Council, on the basis of competence, personality, and orientation toward Spain or France; various small pressure groups developed in 1972; first formal political party-Andorran Democratic Association-formed in November 1976; as of March 1980, newly formed Partit Demociata Andorra, which had applied for legal status, must await final approval of a new law covering associations Communists: negligible Member of: UNESCO Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 ECONOMY Agriculture: sheep raising; small quantities of tobacco, rye, wheat, barley, oats, and some vegetables (less than 4% of land is arable) Major industries: tourism, sheep, timber, tobacco, and smuggling Electric power:. 25,000 kW .capacity (1979); 100 million kWh produced (1979), 3,448 kWh per capita; power is mainly exported to Spain and France. Major trade partners: Spain, France COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: about 96 km Civil air: no maior transport aircraft Airfields: none Telecommunications: international landline circuits to Spain and France; 2 AM stations, 1 FM, 1 TV station; about 10,400 telephones (34.5 per 100 popl.) DEFENSE FORCES Andorra has no defense forces; Spain and France are responsible for protection as needed LAND 1,245,790 km2; 1% cultivated, 44% forested, 22% meadows and pastures, 33% other (including fallow) Land boundaries: 5,070 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 20 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 1,600 km PEOPLE Population: 6,781,000, including Cabinda (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current); Cabinda, 112,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 3.2% (12-60 to 12-70) Nationality: noun-Angolan(s); adiective-Angolan Ethnic divisions: 93% African, 5% European, 1% mestizo Religion: about 84% animist, 12% Roman Catholic, 4% Protestant Language: Portuguese (official), many native dialects Literacy: 10-15% Labor .force: 2.6 million economically active (1964); .531,000 wage workers (1967) Organized labor: approx. 65,000 (1967) GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Angola Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in November 1975; constitution promulgated 1975; govern- ment formed after civil war which ended in early 1976 Capital: Luanda Political subdivisions: 17 provinces including the coastal exclave of Cabinda Legal system: formerly based on Portuguese civil law system and customary law; being modified along "socialist" model National holiday: Independence Day, 11 November Branches: the official party is the supreme political institution Government leader: Jose Eduardo dos Santos, President Suffrage: to be determined Elections: none held to date Political parties and leaders: Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola-Labor Party (MPLA-Labor Party), led by dos Santos, only legal party; National Front for. the Liberation of Angola (FNLA) and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA), defeated in civil war, carrying out insurgencies. Member of: G-77, ILO, NAM, OAU, U. N., UNICEF, WHO ECONOMY GDP: $2.66 billion (1978 est.), $440 per capita, 6.1% real growth (1970-72); real GDP growth, has declined by at least 15% since independence; 5% drop in 1978 Agriculture: cash crops-coffee, sisal, corn, cotton, sugar, manioc, and tobacco; food crops-cassava, corn, vegetables, plantains, bananas, and other local foodstuffs; largely self-sufficient in food Fishing: catch 118,630 metric tons (1978) Major industries: mining (oil,.diamonds), fish processing, brewing, tobacco, sugar processing, textiles, cement, food processing plants, building construction Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Electric power: 525,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.3 billion kWh produced (1977), 210 kWh per capita Exports: est. $800 million (f.o:b., 1977); oil, coffee, diamonds, sisal, fish and fish products, iron ore, timber, corn, and cotton; exports down sharply 1975-77 Imports:- est. $720 million (f.o.b., 1977); capital equip- ment (machinery and electrical equipment), wines, bulk iron and ironwork, steel and metals, vehicles and spare parts, textiles and clothing, medicines; military deliveries partially offset drop in imports in 1975-77 Major trade partners: Cuba, U.S.S.R., Portugal, and U.S. Budget: (1975) balanced at about $740 million by former Portuguese administration; budget not yet published by new government Monetary conversion rate: 40.643 escudos=US$1 as of November 1977 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,189 km total; 2,879 km 1.067-meter gage, 310 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: 73,828 km total; 8,577 km bituminous-surface treatment, 28;723 km crushed stone, gravel, or improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 3,220 km navigable Ports: 3 maior (Luanda, Lobito, Mo~amedes) Pipelines: crude oil, 179 km . Civil air: 25 maior transport aircraft Airfields: 457 total, 452 usable; 27 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 96 with ruriways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of wire and radio-relay; troposcatter/radio relay system under construction; HF used extensively for military/Cuban links; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 32,000 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 14 AM, 5 FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,610,000; 807,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually, 62,000 ~, LAND 280 kmz; 54% arable, 5% pasture, 14% forested, 9% unused but potentially productive, 18% wasteland and built on; the islands of Redonda (less than 2.6 kmz and uninhabited), and Barbuda (161 kmz) are dependencies WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 153 km Atl8tttla t#Icean' PEOPLE Population: 76,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 1.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Antiguan(s); adiective-Antiguan Ethnic divisions: almost entirely African Negro. Religion: Church of England (predominant), ,,other Protestant sects, and some Roman Catholic Language: English 'Literacy: about 80% Organized labor: 18,000, 20% unemployment (est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Antigua Type: dependent territory with full internal autonomy as a British "Associated .State" Capital: St. Johns Political subdivisions: 6 parishes, 2 dependencies (Bar- buda, Redonda) Legal system: based on English law; British 'Caribbean Court of Appeal has exclusive original iurisdiction and an appellate iurisdiction, consists of Chief Justice and 5 iustices Branches: "legislative, 21-member popularly elected House of Representatives; executive, Prime Minister and Cabinet Government leaders: Premier Vere C. Bird, Sr.; Deputy Premier Lester Bird; Governor Sir Wilfred Ebenezer Jacobs Suffrage: universal suffrage age 18 and over Elections: every 5 years; last general election 24 April 1980 Political parties and leaders: Antigua Labor Party (ALP), Vere C. Bird, Sr., Lester Bird; Progressive Labor Movement (PLM), George Herbert Walter; Antigua People's Party (APP), J. Rowan Henry Voting strength: 1980 election-House of Representative seats-ALP 13, PLM 3, independent 1 Communists: negligible t1tlMINICAN ;; ~;y RERti8L1C Pi7ERT0 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Other political or pressure groups: Afro-Caribbean Liberation Movement (ACLM), a small black nationalist group led by Timothy Hector; Antigua Freedom Fighters (AFF); a small black radical group, leaders unknown Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: ~$73 million (1978 est.), $1,000 per capita; growth in 1979 Agriculture: main crop, cotton Major industry: tourism no real Electric power: 31,200 kW capacity (1977); 60 million kWh produced (1977), 780 kWh per capita Exports: $11 million (f.o.b.,.1979); clothing, rum, lobsters Imports: $60 million (c.i.f., 1979); fuel, food, machinery Major trade partners: 30% U.K., 2540 U.S.,' 18% Commonwealth Caribbean countries (1975) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, ODA and OOF (1970-78) from Western (non-U.S.) countries, $17 million; no military aid Budget: (current) revenues, $17 million; current expen- ditures, $23 million (1979/80) Monetary conversion rate: EC (East Caribbean) $2.70=US$1 (1980) Fiscal year: 1 April-30 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 78 km narrow gage (0.760 m), employed almost exclusively for handling cane Highways: 380 km total; 240 km main, 140 km secondary Ports: 1 major (St. Johns), 1 minor Civil air: 15 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 1. with asphalt runway 2,745 m .Telecommunications: automatic telephone system; 4,000 telephones (5.4 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter links with Tortola and St. Lucia; 3 AM stations, 2 FM stations, and 2 TV stations; 1 coaxial submarine cable LAND 2,771,300 kmE; 57% agricultural (11% crops, improved pasture and fallow, 4640 natural grazing land), 25% forested, 18% mountain, urban, or waste Land boundaries: 9,414 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (continen- tal shelf, including sovereignty over superiacent waters) Coastline: 4,989 km PEOPLE Population: 27,874,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 1.6% (current) (See reference map lV) Nationality: noun-Argentine(s); adjective-Argentine Ethnic divisions: approximately 85% white, 15% mestizo, Indian, or other nonwhite groups Religion: 90% nominally Roman Catholic (less than 20% practicing), 2% Protestant; 2% Jewish, 6% other Language: Spanish ' Literacy: 8590 (90% in Buenos Aires) Labor force: 10.8 million; 19% agriculture, 2590 manufac- turing, 20% services, 11% commerce, 6% transport and communications, 19% other; 2.2% estimated unemployment (1978 est.) Organized labor: 25% of labor force (est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Argentine Republic Type: republic; under military rule since 1976 Capital: Buenos Aires Political subdivisions: 22 provinces, 1 district (Federal Capital), and 1 territory Legal system: based on Spanish and French civil codes; constitution adopted 1853 partially superseded in 1966 by the Statute of the Revolution which takes precedence over the constitution when the two are in conflict, further changes may be made by new government; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at University of Buenos Aires and other public and private universities; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 25 May Branches: presidency; national judiciary Government leader:. President, Lt. Gen. (Ret.) Jorge Rafael Videla, chosen by the three-man Junta that took power on 24 March 1976 Government structure: The President and the Junta, composed of the chiefs of the three armed services, retain su- preme authority; active duty or retired officers fill all but Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 three cabinet posts and administer all provincial and many local governments; in addition, the military now oversee the nation's principal labor confederation and unions, .as well as other civilian pressure groups; Congress has been disbanded and all political activity suspended; afive-man Legislative Council, composed of senior officers, advises the iunta on lawmaking Political parties: a number of civilian political groupings remain potentially influential, despite the suspension of all partisan activity; these include Justicialist Party (Peronist coalition that formerly governed) and the Radical Civic Union, center-left party .providing the chief civilian opposition to the Peronists; the Moscow-oriented Communist Party remains legal, but extreme leftist splinter groups have been outlawed Communists: some 70,000 members in various party organizations, including a small nucleus of activists Other political or pressure groups: Peronist-dominated labor movement, General Economic Confederation (Peronist-leaning association of small businessmen), Ar- gentine Industrial Union (manufacturer's association), Ar- gentine Rural Society (large landowner's association), busi- ness organizations, students, and the Catholic Church Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Corimmis- sion, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, NAM, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO, W SG ECONOMY GNP: $62 billion (1979), $2,300 per capita; 69% consumption, 26% investment, 6% net foreign demand (1979); real GDP growth rate 1979, 8.5% (1976-79, 2.0%) Agriculture: main products-cereals, oilseeds, livestock products; Argentina is a maior world exporter of temperate zone foodstuffs Fishing: catch 537,323 metric tons (1978); exports $42 million (1976 est.) Major industries: .food processing (especially meatpacking), motor vehicles, consumer durables, textiles, chemicals, printing, and metallurgy Crude. steel: 3.2 million metric tons produced (1979), 120 kg per capita Electric power:' 9.16 million kW capacity (1977); 29 billion kWh produced (1978), 1,090 kWh per capita Exports: $7.8 billion (f.o.b., 1979); meat, corn, wheat, wool, hides, oilseeds Imports: $6.7 billion (c.i.f., 1979); machinery, fuel and lubricating oils, iron and steel; intermediate industrial products Major trade partners (1979): exports=ll% Brazil, 10% Netherlands, 8% Italy, 7% U.S., 6% FRG, 5% U.S.S.R., Japan, and Spain; imports-21% U.S., 10% Brazil, 9% FRG, 6% Italy, 5% Japan Budget: (1980) approximately $20 billion at exchange rate . of first quarter 1980 Monetary conversion rate: 1,930. pesos=US$1 (mid- September 1980) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 39,738 km total; 3,086 km-standard gage (1.435 m), 22,788 km broad gage (1.676 m), 13,461 km meter gage (1.000 m), 403 km 0.750-meter gage Highways: 207,300 km total, of which 43,900. km paved, 39,500 km gravel, 104,000 km improved earth, 19,900 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 11,000 km navigable Ports: 7 major, 21 minor Pipelines: 4,090 km crude oil; 2,200 km refined products; 8,172 km natural gas Civil air: 52 maior transport aircraft including 2 leased in Airfields: 2,433 total, 2,164 usable; 98 with permanent- surface runways; 21 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 315 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: extensive modern system; tele- phone network has 2.59 million sets (9.9 per 100 popl.), radio relay widely used; 1 satellite station with 2 Atlantic Ocean antennas; 160 AM, 12 FM, and 64 TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,698,000; 5,436,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 236,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, $3,380,000; bout 15.1 % of total ?central government budget LAND 7,692,300 km2; 6% arable, 58% pasture, 2% forested, 34% other t H ONESIA"e Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm; prawn and crayfish on continental shelf) Coastline: about 25,760 km PEOPLE Population: 14,676,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 1.2% (7-75 to 7-79) Nationality: noun-Australian(s); adjective-Australian Ethnic divisions: 99% Caucasian, 1% Asian and aborigine Religion: 98% Christian Language: English Literacy: 98.5% Labor force: 6.5 million; 14% agriculture, 32% industry, 37% services, 15% commerce, 2% other; 6% unemployment Organized labor: 44% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Commonwealth of Australia Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth II as sovereign or head of state Capital: Canberra Political subdivisions: 6 states and 2 territories (Aus- tralian Capital Territory (Canberra) and Northern Territory) Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted 1900; High Court has jurisdiction over cases involving interpretation of the constitution; accepts compul- sory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: 26 January Branches: Parliament (House of Representatives and Senate); Prime Minister and Cabinet responsible to House; independent judiciary Government leaders: Governor General Sir Zelman Cowen; Prime Minister J. Malcolm Fraser Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: held at 3-year intervals, or sooner if Parliament is dissolved by Prime Minister; last election October 1980 Political parties and leaders: Government-Liberal Party (Malcolm Fraser) and National .Country Party (Douglas Anthony); opposition-Labour Party (William J. Hayden) Voting strength (1980 Parliamentary election): lower house-Liberal-Country Coalition, '74 seats; Labour Party, 51 seats; Senate-Liberal Country Coalition, 31 seats; Labour, 27 seats; Australian Democrats, 5 seats; Indepen- dents, 1 seat Communists: 5,000 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Democratic Labour Party (anti-Communist Labour Party splinter group) Member of: ADB, AIOEC, ANZUS, CIPEC (associate), Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, DAC, ELDO, ESCAP, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IATP, IBA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO; ICO, IDA, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Whaling Commission, IWC-Interna- tional Wheat Council, OECD, U. N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY . GNP: $120.4 billion (1979), $8,360 per capita; 60% private .consumption, 16% government current expenditure, 24% investment (1975); 2.8% real average annual growth (1979) Agriculture: large areas devoted to livestock. grazing; 60% of area used for crops is planted in wheat; major products- wool, livestock, wheat, fruits, sugarcane; self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,300 calories per day per capita Fishing: catch 122,947 metric tons (1978); exports $94.5 million (FY75), imports $86.2 million (FY75) Major industries: mining, industrial and transportation equipment, food processing, chemicals Crude steel: 7.8 million metric tons produced.(FY76), 560 kg per capita Electric power: 24,163,140 kW capacity (1979); 90.37 billion kWh produced (1979), 6,242 kWh per capita Exports: $18.7 billion (f.o.b., 1979); principal products (1979)-44% agricultural products, 14% metalliferous ores, 10% wool, 10% coal Imports: $18.3 billion (c.i.f., 1979); principal products (1977)-41% manufactured raw materials, 28% capital equipment, 25% consumer -goods Major trade partners: (1979) exports-28% Japan, 12% U.S., 5% New Zealand, 4% U. K.; imports-23% U.S., 11% U.K., 18% Japan Aid: economic-Australian aid abroad $3.6 billion (FY65-79); $455 million (FY.79), 51% for Papua New Guinea; A$498 million (FY80), A$547 million (FY81) Budget: expenditures, A$31.70 billion; receipts A$36.04 billion ?(FY80) Monetary conversion rate: 1.0 Australian dollar=US$1.13 (June 1980) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 41,700 km total (1980); 9,187 km 1:60-meter gage, 14,200 km standard gage (1.435 m), 17,625 km 1.067-meter gage; 800 km electrified (June 1962); government-owned (except for few hundred kilometers of privately owned track) Highways: 837,872 km total (1979); 207,650 km paved, 205,454 km gravel, crushed stone, or stabilized soil surface, 424,768 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 8,368_ km; mainly by small, shallow- draft craft Ports: 12 major, numerous minor Pipelines: crude oil, 740 km; refined products, 340 km; natural gas, 6,947 km Civil air: around 150 major transport aircraft Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 AUSTRALIA/AUSTRIA Airfields: 1,614 total, 1,554 usable; 202 with permanent- surface runways, 2 with runways over 3,660 m; 17 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 614 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: very good international and domestic service; 5.9 million telephones (41.5. per 100 popl.); 223 AM stations, 5 FM stations, 111 TV stations; 3 earth sat- ellite stations; submarine cables to New Zealand, New Guinea, Singapore, Malaysia, Hong Kong, and Guam DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 3,682,000; 3,261,000 fit for military service; 126,000 reach military age (17) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1981, $4.0 billion; about 9.8% of total central government budget ? `i?i= LAND 83,916 kmz; 20% cultivated, 26% meadows and pastures, 15% waste or urban, 38% forested, 1% inland water Land boundaries: 2,582 km PEOPLE Population: 7,506,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 0.0% (6-79 to 6-80) Nationality: noun-Austrian(s); adjective-Austrian Ethnic divisions: 98.1% German, 0.7% Croatian, 0.3% Slovene, 0.9% other Religion: 85% Roman Catholic, 7% Protestant, 8% none or other Language: German Literacy: 98% Labor force: 2,875,000 (September 1980); 18% agriculture and forestry, 49% industry grid crafts, 18% trade and communications, 7% professions, 6% public service, 2% other; 1.2% unemployed; an estimated 200;000 Austrians are employed in other European countries; foreign laborers in Austria number 184,100 (September 1980) Organized labor: 60% of wage and salary workers (1979) "'~'""' AUSTRIA GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Austria Type: federal republic Capital: Vienna Political subdivisions: 9 states (Laender) including 'the capital Legal system: civil law system with Roman law origin; constitution adopted 1920, repromulgated in 1945; judicial review of legislative acts by a Constitutional Court; separate administrative and civil/penal supreme courts; legal educa- tion at Universities of Vienna, Graz, Innsbruck, Salzburg, and Linz; has not accepted compulsory ICJ iurisdiction National holiday: 26 October Branches: bicameral parliament, directly elected Presi- dent whose functions are largely representational, independ- ent federal judiciary Government leaders: President Rudolf Kirchschlaeger, Chancellor Bruno Kreisky leads a one-party Socialist government Suffrage: universal over age 19; compulsory for presiden- tial elections Elections: presidential, every 6 years . (next 1986); parliamentary, every 4 years (next 1983) Political parties and leaders: Socialist Party of Austria (SPOe), Bruno Kreisky, Chairman; Austrian People's Party (OeVP), Alois Mock, Chairman; Liberal Party (FPOe), Norbert Steger, Chairman; Communist Party, Franz Muhri, Chairman Voting strength (1-979 election): 51.0% SPOe, 41.9% OeVP, 6.1% FPOe, 1.0% Communist Communists: membership 25,000 est.; activists 7,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: Federal Chamber of Commerce and Industry; Austrian Trade Union Federation (primarily Socialist); three composite leagues of the Austrian People's Party (OeVP) representing business, labor, and farmers; the OeVI'-oriented League of Austrian Industri- alists; Roman Catholic Church, including its chief lay organization, Catholic Action Member of: ADB, Council of Europe, DAC, ECE, EFTA, EMA, ESRO (observer), FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMF, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Coun- cil, OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $68.6 billion (1979), $9,150 per capita; 55 4% private consumption, 17.5% public consumption, 26.y " investment; 1979 real GNP growth rate, 5.2% Agriculture: livestock, forest products, cereals; potatoes, sugar beets; 84% self-sufficient; caloric intake 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Major industries: foods, iron and steel, machinery, textiles, chemicals, electrical, paper and pulp Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Crude steel: 4.9 million metric tons produced (1979), 650 kg per capita (1979) Electric power: 12,200,000 kW capacity (1979); 40.4 billion kWh produced (1979), 5,393 kWh per capita Exports: $15.4 billion (f.o.b.,. 1979); ? iron and .steel products, machinery and equipment, lumber, textiles, paper products, chemicals Imports: $20.2 billion (c.i.f., 1979); machinery and equipment, chemicals, textiles and clothing, petroleum, foodstuffs Major trade partners: (1979)-37.1% West Germany, 9.5% Italy, 6.2% Switzerland, 3.5% U.K., 2.8% U.S.; 59.8% EC; 11.3% Communist countries Aid: (1970-78) bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $633 million Budget: expenditures, $21.6 billion; revenues, $17.8 billion; deficit, $3.8 billion (1979) Monetary conversion rate: 13.37 shillings=US$1, 1979 average Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,517 km total; 5.877 km government=owned; 5,397 km standard gage (1.435 m) of which 2,730 km electrified and 1,333 km double tracked; 480 km narrow gage (0.760 m) of which 91 km electrified; 640 km privately owned (1.435- and 1.000-meter gage) Highways: approximately 33,600 km total national classified network, including 10,400 km federal and 23,200 km provincial roads; about 20,800 km' paved (bituminous, concrete, stone block) and 12,800 km unpaved (gravel, crushed stone, stabilized soil); additional 60,800 km com- munal roads (mostly gravel, crushed stone, earth) and 1,012 km autobahn Inland waterways: 427 km Ports: 2 major river (Vienna, Linz) Pipelines: 554 km crude oil; 2,611 km natural gas; 171 km refined products Civil air: 23 major transport aircraft, including 2 leased out Airfields: 50 total, 49 usable; 15 with permanent-surface runways; .4 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 6 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: highly developed and efficient; extensive TV and radiobroadcast systems with 160 AM, 190 FM, and 350 TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station; 2.44 million telephones (32 per 100 popl.) DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 1.5-49, 1,788,000; 1,516,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about 61,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, $997 million; about 4.1% of the federal budget jN[CAN R~#?119uC_' LAND 11,396 kmz; 1% cultivated, 29% forested, 70% built on, wasteland, and other WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 3,542 km (New Providence Is. 76 km) PEOPLE Population: 249,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 3.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Bahamian (sing., pl. ); adiective- Bahamian . Ethnic divisions: 80% Negro, 10% white, 10% mixed Religion: Baptists 29%, Church of England 23%, Roman Catholic 23%, smaller groups of other Protestant, Greek Orthodox, and Jews Language: English Labor force: 101,000 (1979), 25% organized; 19% unemployment (1979) GOVERNMENT r Legal name: The Commonwealth of The Bahamas Type: independent commonwealth since July 1973, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Nassau (New Providence Island) Legal system: based on English law National holiday: Independence Day, 10 July Branches: bicameral legislature (appointed Senate, elected House); executive (Prime Minister and cabinet); judiciary Government leaders: Prime .Minister Lynden O. Pindling; Governor General Gerald C. Cash Suffrage: universal over age 18; registered voters (July 1977)73,309 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 THE BAHAMAS/BAHRAIN Elections: House of Assembly (19 July 1977); next election due constitutionally in 5 years Political parties and leaders: Progressive Liberal Party (PLP), predominantly black, Lynden O. Pindling; Bahamian Democratic Party (BDP), Henry Bostwick; Free National Movement (FNM), Cecil Wallace-Whitfield Voting strength (1977 election): PLP (55%) 30 seats, BDP (27%) 6 seats, FNM (15%)~ 2 seats, others (3%) 0 seats Communists: none known Member of: CDB, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, U. N., WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY . GNP: $1,083 million (1979), $4,650 per capita; real growth rate 1979 est., 8% Agriculture: food importer, main crops-fish, fruits, vegetables Major industries: tourism, cement, oil refining, lumber, salt production, rum, aragonite, pharmaceuticals, spiral weld, and steel pipe Electric power: 250,000 kW capacity (1977); 680 million kWh produced (1977), 3,150 kWh per capita Exports (non-oil): $194 million (f.o.b., 1979); phar- maceuticals, cement, rum Imports (non-oil): $364 million (f.o:b., 1979); foodstuffs, manufactured goods Major trade partners: non-oil exports-U.S. 41%, U.K. 12%, Canada 3%; non-oil imports-U.S. 73%, U.K. 13%, Canada 2% (1973) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including Ex-Im (1970-79) from U.S., $34.3 million; from other Western countries (1970-78), $137.4 million; no military aid Budget: (1979 actual) revenues, $208 million; expen- ditures, $216 million Monetary conversion rate: ~ 1 Bahamian dollar (B$1)=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year ' COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 3,350 km total; 1,350 km paved, 2,000 km gravel Ports: 2 major (Freeport, Nassau), 9 minor Civil air: 14 major transport aircraft, including 1 leased in Airfields: 55 total, 52 usable; 24 with permanent-surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 22 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: telecom facilities highly developed, including 62,000 telephones (28 per 100 popl.) in totally automatic system; tropospheric scatter link with Florida; 3 AM, 2 FM stations and 1 TV station; 3 coaxial submarine cables LAND 596 kmp plus group of 32 smaller islands; 5% cultivated, negligible forested area, remainder desert, waste, or urban WATER. Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 161 km PEOPLE Population: 392,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 4.0% (current) Nationality: noun-Bahraini(s); adjective-Bahraini Ethnic divisions: 63% Bahraini, 10% other Arab, 13% Asian, 8% Iranian, 6% other Religion: Muslim, slightly more Shias than Sunnis Language: Arabic, English also widely spoken Literacy: about 40% Labor force: 140,000 (1980 est.); 27% of labor force is Bahraini GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Bahrain Type: traditional monarchy; independence declared in 1971 Capital: Manama Legal system: based on Islamic law and English common law; constitution went into effect December 1973 National holiday: 16 December Branches: Amir rules with help of a cabinet led by Prime Minister; a National Assembly, made up of cabinet and 30 directly elected members, was formed in early 1974; Amir dissolved assembly in August 1975 and suspended the constitutional provision for election of the assembly; independent judiciary Government leader: Amir `Isa ibn Salman Al Khalifa Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Political parties and, .pressure groups: political parties prohibited; several small, clandestine leftist and Shia Fundamentalist groups aie active Communists: negligible Member of: Arab League, FAO; G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, ICAO, IMF, NAM, OAPEC, U.N., UNESCO, WHO ECONOMY GDP: $1.7 billion (1979 est.), $4,660 per capita; annual real growth rate (1973-77) 11%, dominated by oil industry; 1979 average daily crude oil production, 51,000 b/d (oil expected to last 15 years if rio new discoveries are made); 1979 natural gas production, 143 billion ft3; government oil revenues for 1978 are estimated at $495 million Agriculture: produces dates, alfalfa, vegetables; dairy and poultry farming; fishing; not self-sufficient in food Major industries: petroleum refining, aluminum smelt- ing, ship repairing, shrimp fishing, pearls and sailmaking on a small scale; major development projects include flourmill, and ISA town; OAPEC dry dock opened in 1977 Electric power: 870,000 kW capacity (1979); 4.0 billion kWh produced (1979), 10,725 kWh per capita Exports: $1.9 billion (f.o.b., 1978); non-oil exports (including reexports), $396.8 million (1978); oil exports, $1.5 billion (1978) Imports: $2.0 billion (c.i.f., 1978); non-oil imports $1.1 billion (1978); oil imports $882.3 million (1978) Major trade partners: Saudi Arabia, U.K., IJ.S., Japan, EC Budget: (1977) $291 million current expenditure, $357 million capital Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bahrain dinar=US$2.58 (1978) , Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Highways: 93 km bituminous surfaced; undetermined mileage of natural surface tracks Ports: 1 major (Bahrain) Pipelines: crude oil, .56 km; refined products, 16 km; natural gas, 32 km Civil , air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 2 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 1 with runway 1,220- 2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent international tele- communications; limited domestic services; 38,300 tele- phones (14.2_per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 1 FM, and 1 TV station, 1 Indian Ocean satellite station; tropospheric scatter and microwave to Qatar and United Arab Emirates DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 85,000; fit for military service, 49,000 Supply: from several West European countries, especially France and U. K. Military. budget: for fiscal year ending .31 December 1979, $87.8 million; 11% of central government budget LAND 142,500 km4; 66% arable , (including cultivated and fallow), 18% not available for cultivation, 16% forested Land boundaries: 2,535 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm; economic including fishing 200 nm Coastline: 580 km PEOPLE Population: 91,700,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.7% (current) Nationality: noun-Bangladeshi(s); adjective-Bangla- desh Ethnic divisions: predominantly Bengali; fewer than 1 million "Biharis" and fewer than 1 million tribals Religion: about 83% Muslim, 16% Hindu; less than 1% Buddhist and other Language: Bengali Literacy: 22% (1976) Labor force: 30.7 million; extensive export of labor to Saudi Arabia, U.A.E., Oman, and Kuwait; 74% of labor force is in agriculture, 15% services, 11.% industry (FY79) GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Bangladesh Type: independent republic since December 1971; Gov- ernment of President Sheikh Muiibur Rahman overthrown in August 1975; two other coups followed; following 4 years of martial law rule presidential elections were held in June 1978 and a new parliament was elected in February 1979 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Capital: Dacca Political subdivisions: 19 districts, 413 thanas (counties), 4,053 unions (village groupings)' Legal system: based on English common law; constitution adopted December 1972; amended January 1975 to more authoritarian presidential system, changed by proclamation in April 1977 to reflect Islamic character of nation; further change, by proclamation in December 1978, to provide for the appointments of the Prime Minister and the Deputy Prime- Minister, as well as other ministers of Cabinet rank, and to further define the powers of the President National holiday: Independence Day, 26 March Branches: constitution provides for unicameral legisla- ture, strong president; independent judiciary; President has substantial control over the judiciary Government leader: President, Lt. Gen. Ziaur .Rahman Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: Second Parliament (House of the Nation) elected in February 1979; elections every 5 years; President elected June 3, 1978 Major political parties and leaders: Bangladesh National Party (formed September 1978), Zaur Rahman; Awami League (leftist faction), Abdul Malik Ukil; Awami League (moderate faction), Mizanur Rahman Choudhury; United People's Party, Kazi Zafar Ahmed; Jatiyo Samaitantrik Dal (National Socialist Party), M. A. Awal; Bangladesh Communist Party (pro=Soviet), Manindra Moni Singh Communists: 2,500 members (est.) Member of: ADB, Afro-Asian People's Solidarity Orga- nization, Colombo Plan, Commonwealth, ESCAP, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IMF, ILO, NAM, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WTO COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 2,909 km total (1979); 1,910 km meter gage (1.000 m), 964 km broad gage (1.676 m); 35 km narrow gage (0.762 m), 300 km double track; government-owned Highways: 45,633 km total; 4,076 km paved, 2,693 km gravel, 38,864 km earth Inland waterways: 7,000 km; river steamers 'navigate main waterways Ports: 1 major, Chittagong; 5 minor Pipelines: 150 km natural gas Civil air: 9 major transport aircraft Airfields: 23 total, 16 usable; 18 with permanent surface runways; 3 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 9 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: adequate international ?radio- communications and landline service;-fair domestic wire and microwave service; fair broadcast service; 100,000 (est.) telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 9 AM, 6 FM, 7 TV stations, and 1 ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 20,197,805; 11,989,000 fit for military service ona~irtcan ae~~ieitc P1ii:RTt1 ?. R4CD ECONOMY GNP: $9.1 billion est. (FY79, current prices), $100 per capita; real growth, 4.4% (FY79) Agriculture: large subsistence farming, heavily dependent on monsoon rainfall; main crops are lute and rice; shortages-grain, cotton, and oilseeds Fishing: catch 835,000 metric tons (FY78) Major industries: lute manufactures, food processing and cotton textiles Electric power: 1,031,000 kW capacity (1979); 1.52 billion kWh produced (1979), 17 kWh per capita Exports: $632 million (FY79); raw and manufactured jute, leather, tea Imports: $1,427 million (FY79); foodgrains, fuels, raw cotton, fertilizer, manufactured products Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 14%, U.S.S.R. 8%; imports-U.S. 19%, Japan 12% (FY79) Budget: (FY79) domestic revenues, $1,244 million; expen- ditures, $2,440 millior_ Monetary conversion rate: 15.3 taka=US$1 (August 1980) Fiscal year: 1 July-30 June A#tsnti`t Ocean ; LAND 430 km2; 60% cropped, 10% Permanent meadows, 30% unused, built on, or wasteland WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 97 km _ PEOPLE Population: 256,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 0.4% (1-77 to 1-80) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Nationality: noun-Barbadian(s); adjective-Barbadian Ethnic divisions: 80% African, 17% mixed, 4% European Religion: Anglican (70%), Roman Catholic, Methodist, and Moravian .Language: English Literacy: over 90% Labor forcer 106,000 (1979 est.) wage and salary earners; unemployment 11% (1979) Organized labor: 32% . GOVERNMENT Legal name: Barbados Type:. independent sovereign state within the Common- wealth since November 1966, recognizing Elizabeth II as Chief of State Capital: Bridgetown Political subdivisions: 11 parishes and city of Bridgetown Legal system: English common law; constitution came into effect upon independence in 1966; no judicial review of legislative acts; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 November Branches: legislature consisting of a 21-member ap- pointed Senate and a 24-member elected House of Assembly; cabinet headed by Prime Minister Government leader: Prime Minister J. M. G. "Tom" Adams; Governor General Sir Deighton H. L. Ward Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: House of Assembly members have. terms no longer than 5 years; last general election held 2 September 1976 Political parties. and leaders: Barbados Labor Party (BLP), J. M. G. "Tom" Adams; Democratic Labor Party (DLP), Errol Barrow Voting strength (1976 election): Barbados Labor Party (BLP), 53%; ,Democratic Labor Party, 46%; Independent, negligible; House of Assembly seats-BLP 17, DLP 7 Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: People's Progressive Movement (PPM), a small black-nationalist group led by Calvin Alleyne Member of: CARICOM, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IBRD, ICAO, IDB, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ' ECONOMY GDP: $644 million (1979), $2,360 per capita; real growth rate 1979, 7.3% Agriculture: main products-sugarcane, subsistence -foods Major industries: tourism, sugar milling, light manu- facturing Electric power: 107,000 kW capacity (1977); 220 million kWh produced (1977), -920 kWh per capita . Exports: $147 million (f.o.b., 1979); sugar and sugarcane byproducts, electrical parts, clothing Imports: $424 million (c.i.f., 1979); foodstuffs, consumer durables, machinery, fuels Major trade partners: exports-34% U.S., 27% CARICOM, 10% U.K., 29% other; imports-25% U.S., 19% U.K., 16%. CARICOM, 7% Canada, 33% other (1977) :Aid: economic-bilateral commitments including. Ex-Im (FY70-79) from U.S., $9.1 million; (1970-78) ODA and OOF commitments from other Western countries, $46.6 million; no military aid . Budget: (1979/80) revenues, $174 million; expenditures, $197 million Monetary conversion rate: 2 Barbados dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 1,450 km total; 1,350 km paved, and 100 km gravel, and earth Ports: 1 major (Bridgetown), 2 minor Civil air: 5 major transport aircraft (including 3 leased in) Airfields: 1 with permanent-surface runway 2,440-3,659 m Tel~communicationsp islandwide automatic telephone system with 47,000. telephones (17.2 per 100 popl.); tropospheric scatter link to Trinidad; UHF/VHF links to St. Vincent and St. Lucia; 2 AM stations, 1 FM station, 1 TV sta- tion; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 67,000; 48,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (18) annually, 3,100; no conscription GIUM LAND 30,562 kmz; 28% cultivated, 24% meadow and pasture, 28% waste, urban, or other; 20% forested Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 12 nm) Coastline: 64 km PEOPLE Population: 9,861,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 0.1% (7-78 to 7-79) Nationality: noun-Belgian(s); adjective-Belgian Ethnic divisions: 55% Flemings, 33% Walloons, 12% mixed or other Religion: 97% Roman Catholic, 3% none or other Language: French, Flemish (Dutch), German, in small area of eastern Belgium; divided along ethnic .lines Literacy: 97% Labor force: 4.09 million (July 1978); in June 1976, 46.7% in services, 28.0% in mining and manufacturing, 7.4% in construction, 6.6% in transportation, 3.2% in agriculture, 1.0% commuting foreign workers, 0.4% in public works; 8.1% unemployed (October 1980) Organized labor: 70% of labor force Francophone Liberals, Jean Gol, president; .Francophone Democratic Front, Antoinette Spaak, president; Volksunie (Flemish Nationalist), Vic Anciaux, president; Communist, Louis Van Geyt, president; Walloon Rally, Henri Mordant Voting strength (1978 election): 82 seats Social Christian, 58 seats Socialist, 37 seats Liberal, 14 seats Volksunie; 11 seats Francophone Democratic Front, 4 seats Walloon Rally, 4 seats Communist, 2 seats independent Communists: 9,000 members (est.) Other political or pressure groups: Christian and Socialist Trade Unions; the Federation of Belgium Industries; numerous other associations representing bankers, manufac- turers, middle-class artisans, and the legal and medical professions; various organizations represent -the .cultural interests of Flanders and Wallonia Member of: ADB, Benelux, BLEU, Council of Europe, DAC, EC, ECE, ECOSOC, ECSC, EEC, EIB, ELDO, EMA, ESRO, EURATOM, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, ICES, IDA, IEA, IFC, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IOOC, IPU, ITC, ITU, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WEU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Belgium Type: constitutional monarchy Capital: Brussels Political subdivisions:.9 provinces; as of 1 October 1980, Wallonia and Flanders will have regional "sub-govern- ments" with legislatures and ministers-this will be followed by full governments with separately elected officials (no later than 1982)-the regional authorities will have limited powers over revenues and certain areas of economic, urban, environmental, and housing policy; the share of revenues for the two regions will grow over a 5-year period Legal system: civil law system influenced by English constitutional theory; constitution adopted 1831, since amended; judicial review of legislative acts; legal education at 4 law schools; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: National Day, 21 July Branches: executive branch consists of King and cabinet; cabinet responsible to bicameral parliament; independent judiciary; coalition governments are usual Government leader: Head of State, King Baudouin I; Prime Minister Wilfried Martens Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: held. 17 December 1978 (held at least once every 4 years) Political parties .and leaders:. Flemish Social Christian, Leo Tindemans, president; Francophone Social Christian, Paul Vanden Boeynants, president; Flemish Socialist, Karel Van Miert, president; Francophone Socialist, Andre Cools, president; Flemish Liberal, Willy De Clercq, president; ECONOMY ~ . GNP: $112.3 billion (1979), $11,370 per capita; 61.9% consumption, 21.1% investment, 17.9% government consumption, 0.01% stock building, -0.91% net foreign balance (1978); 3.3% real growth rate in 1979 Agriculture: livestock production predominates; main crops-grains, beets, potatoes; 80% self-sufficient in food; caloric intake, 3,230 calories per day per capita (1969-70) Fishing: catch 33,178 metric tons (1978); exports $60 million (1978), imports $327 million (1978) Major industries: engineering and metal products, processed food and beverages, chemicals, basic metals, textiles, and petroleum Crude steel: 13.4 million metric tons produced; 1,360 kg per capita (1978) Electric power: 12,000,000 kW capacity (1979); 52,252 million kWh produced (1979), 5,300. kWh .per capita Exports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $56.2 billion (f.o.b., 1979); iron and steel products, finished or semifinished precious stones, textile products Imports: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union) $60.4 billion (c.i.f., 1979); nonelectrical machinery, motor vehicles, textiles, chemicals, fuels Major trade partners: (Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union, 1979) 70% EC (22% West Germany, 17% France, 16% Netherlands, 8% U.K., 5% Italy), 5% U.S. Aid: (1970-78) bilateral economic aid authorized (ODA and OOF), $2,660 million Budget: (1979) revenues, $32.56 billion; expenditures, $39.78 billion; deficit, $7.22 billion Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Monetary conversion rate: (1979 average) Belgian. Franc 29.32 = US$1 Fiscal year: .calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,219 km total; 4,003 km .standard gage (1.435 m) and government-owned, 2,536 km double .track, 1,302 km electrified; 216 km government-owned, electrified meter gage (1.000 m) Highways: _104,663 km total; 1,102 km paved, limited access, divided autoroute; 51,780 km other paved; 51,781 km unpaved Inland waterways: 2,043 km, of which 1,528 km are in regular use by commercial transport Ports: 5 major, 1 minor Pipelines: refined products, 1,115 km; crude, 161 km; Civil air: 54 major transport aircraft, including 6 leased in and 3 leased 'out Airfields: 46 total, 45 usable; 23 with permanent-surface runways; 14 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 4. with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent domestic and interns- tional telephone and telegraph facilities; .3.10 million telephones (31.4 per 100 popl.); 14 AM, 21 FM, and 30 TV stations; 5 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,385,000; 2,016,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military 'age (19) annually 76,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 Lecember 1980, $3.9 billion; 9% of central government budget BELIZE (formerly British Honduras) LAND 22,973 km2; 38% agricultural (5% cultivated), 46% exploitable forest, 16% urban, waste, water, offshore islands or other Land boundaries: 515 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 386 km PEOPLE Population: 146,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 1.9% (4-70 to 5-80) Nationality: noun-Belizean(s); adjective-Belizean Ethnic divisions: 51% Negro, 22% mestizo, 19% Amerin- dian, 8% other. Religion: 50% Roman Catholic; Anglicari, Seventh-day Adventist, Methodist, Baptist, Jehovah's Witnesses, Men- nonite Language: English, Spanish, Maya, and Carib Literacy: 70%-80% ' Labor force: 34,500; 39% agriculture, 14% manufactur- ing, 8% commerce, 12% construction and transport, 20% services, 7% other; shortage of skilled labor and all types of technical personnel; over 15% are unemployed Organized labor: 8% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Belize Type: internal self-governing British colony Capital: Belmopan Legal system: English law; constitution came intoforce in 1964, although country remains a British colony Branches: 18-member elected National Assembly and 8-member Senate (either house may choose its speaker or president, respectively, from outside its elected member- ship); cabinet; judiciary Government leaders: Premier George C. Price; Governor Peter Donovan McEntee Suffrage: universal adult (probably 21) Elections: Parliamentary elections held November 1979 Political parties and leaders: People's United Party (PUP), George Price; United Democratic Party (UDP), a coalition comprised of the National Independence Party (NIP) led by Philip Goldson, th'e People's Democratic Union (PDM) led by Dean Lindo, and the Liberal Party (LP) led by Harry Lawrence; Corozal United Front (CUF), San- tiago. Ricalde; United Black Association for Development (UBAD), Evan X. Hyde Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Voting strength (National Assembly): PUP 12 seats, UDP 6 seats Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: United Workers Union, which is connected with PUP Member of: CARICOM, ISO ECONOMY GDP: $120 million (1978), $790 per capita; real growth rate 1978, 6% (est.) Agriculture: main products-sugarcane, citrus fruits; corn, molasses, rice, beans, bananas, livestock products; net importer of food; caloric intake, 2,500 calories per day per capita Major industries: sugar refining, garments, timber and forest products, furniture,. rum, soap Electric power: 16,000 kW capacity (1977); 32 million kWh produced (1977), 220 kWh per capita Exports: $80 million (f.o.b., 1978 est.); sugar, garments, fish, molasses, citrus fruits Imports: $106 million (c.i.f., 1978 est.); machinery and transportation equipment, food, manufactured goods, fuels Major trade partners: exports-U.S. 30%, U.K. 24%, Mexico 22%, Canada 13%; imports-U.S. 34%, U.K. 25%, Jamaica 7% (1970) Aid: economic-authorized from US:, .including Ex-Im.. (FY70-79), 4.5 million; bilateral ODA and OOF commit- ments from Western (non-U.S.) countries (1970-78), $78.6 million Budget: revenues, $33 million; expenditures, $28 million (1979 est. ) Monetary conversion rate: 2 Belize dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 2,550 km total; 300 km paved, 1,150 km gravel, 950 km improved earth and 300 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 800 km river network used by shallow-draft craft Ports: 4 maior (Belize), 4 minor Civil air: no maior transport aircraft Airfields: 37 total, 36 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: 5,800 telephones in automatic and manual network (2.7.per 100 popl.); radio-relay system; 6 AM stations, 1 FM station; 1 Atlantic, Ocean INTELSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 36,000; 21,000 fit for military service; 1,800 reach military age (18) annually BENIN (formerly Dahomey) LAND 115,773 kmz; southern third of country is most fertile; arable land 80% (actually cultivated 11%), forests and game preserves 19%, non-arable 1 Land boundaries: 1,963 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (100 nm mineral exploitation limit) Coastline: 121 km PEOPLE Population: 3,522,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.8% (current) Nationality: noun-Beninese (sing. & pl.); adiective- Beninese Ethnic divisions: 99% Africans .(42 ethnic groups, most important being Fon, Adia, Yoruba, Bariba), 5,500 Europeans Religion: 12% Muslim, 8% Christian, 80% animist Language: French official; Fon and Yoruba most common vernaculars in south, at least 6 maior tribal languages in north Literacy: about 20% Labor force: 85%~of labor force engaged in agriculture; 15% civil service, artisans, and industry Organized labor: approximately 75% of wage earners, divided among two maior and several minor unions GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Benin Type: party state, under military rule since 26 October 1972; the military plans to relinquish power to a 336-mem- ber National Assembly Capital: Porto-Novo (official), Cotonou (de facto) Political subdivisions: 6 provinces, 46 districts Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Legal system: based on French civil law and customary law; legal education generally obtained in France; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30 November Branches: National Revolutionary Council, Council of Ministers, Central Committee of Party Government leader: Col. Mathieu Kerekou, President, and .Chief of State Charged with National Defense Suffrage: universal adult Elections: National Assembly elections were held late 1979 Political parties: People's Revolutionary Party of Benin established in 1975 Communists: sole party espouses Marxism-Leninism Member of: AFDB, CEAO, EAMA, ECA, ECOWAS, Entente, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, OCAM, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $1,139.5 million (1980), $340 per capita; 1.5% real growth during 1970-1977 Agriculture: major cash crop is oil palms; peanuts, cotton, coffee, sheanuts, and tobacco also produced commercially; main food crops-corn, cassava, yams, rice, sorghum and millet; livestock, .fish Fishing: catch 23,715 metric tons (1979); exports 600 metric tons, imports 7,365 metric tons (1979) Major industries: palm oil and palm kernel oil processing Electric power: 11,000 kVV capacity (1977); 55 million kWh produced (1977), 20 kWh per capita Exports: $230 million (f.o.b., 1980 est.); palm products (34%); other agricultural products Imports: $435 million (c.i.f., 1980 est.); clothing and other consumer goods, cement, lumber, fuels, foodstuffs, machin- ery, and transport equipment Major trade partners: France, EC, franc zone; preferen- tial tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Budget: (1979) revenues $235.6 million, current expen- ditures $172.2 million, development expenditures $147.3 million Monetary conversion rate: 212.72 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (1979) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 579 km, .all meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 3,303 km total; 705 km paved, 2,598 km improved earth Inland waterways: small sections, only important locally Ports: 1 major (Cotonou), 1 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 10 total, 10 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: system of open wire and radio relay; 10,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 2 AM, 1 FM, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: eligible 15-49;'756,000; 381,000 fit for military service; about 34,000 males and 35,000 females reach military, age (18) annually;' both sexes liable for military service Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $10.9 million; about 9.7% of central government budget BERMUDA BERMO.DA LAND 54.4 kmz; 8% arable, 60% forested, 21% built on, wasteland, and other, 11% leased for air and naval bases WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 103 km PEOPLE Population: 64,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 1.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Bermudian(s); adjective-Bermudian Ethnic divisions: approximately 59% black, 41% white Religion: 47.5% Church of England, 38.2% other Prot- estant, 10.2% Catholic, 4.1% other Language: English Literacy: virtually 100% Atlantic Clean: '. Labor force: 28,200 employed (September 1978) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Bermuda Type: British colony Capital: Hamilton Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Political subdivisions: 9 parishes Legal system: English law . Branches: Executive Council (cabinet) appointed by governor, led by government leader; bicameral legislature with an appointed Legislative Council, and a 40-member directly elected House of Assembly; Supreme Court Government leaders: Governor, Sir Peter Ramsbotham; Premier, J. David Gibbons Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: at least once every 5 years; last general election, May 1976 Political parties and leaders: United Bermuda Party (UBP), J. David Gibbons; Progressive Labor Party (PLP), Lois Browne Evans Voting strength (1976 elections): UBP.55.5%, PLP 44.4%; House of Assembly seats-UBP 26%, PLP 14% Communists: negligible Other political or pressure groups: Bermuda Industrial Union (BIU) . ECONOMY GDP: $505 million (1979 est.), $8,280 per capita; real growth rate 1978/79, est. 2.0% Agriculture: main products-bananas, vegetables, Easter lilies, dairy products, citrus fruits Major industries: tourism, finance Electric power: 86,200 kW capacity (1977); 300 million kWh produced (1977), 5,170 kWh per capita Exports: $46 million (f.o.b., 1977); mostly reexports of drugs and bunker fuel Imports: $186 million (f.o.b., 1977); fuel, foodstuffs, machinery Major trade partners: 45% U.S., 22% U.K., 9% Canada (1976) Aid: economic-bilateral commitments, including Ex-Im (1970-79), from U.S. $34 million; from Western (non-U.S.) countries, ODA and OOF (FY70-78), $109 million; no military aid Budget: revenues, $95 million; expenditures $95 million; (FY79/80) Monetary conversion rate: 1 Bermuda dollar=US$1 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS . Railroads: none Highways: 190 km, all paved Ports: 3 major (Hamilton, St. George Freeport, Ireland Island) Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1 with asphalt runway 2,945 m Telecommunications: modern telecom system, includes fully automatic telephone system with 39,500 sets (63.7 per 100 popl.); 3 AM, 1 FM, and 2 TV stations; 3 coaxial submarine cables; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station LAND 46,600 kmE; 15% agricultural, 15% desert, waste, urban, 70% forested Land boundaries: about 870 km PEOPLE ' Population: 1,318,000 (January 1981), average annual growth.? rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Bhutanese (sing., pl. ); adiective- Bhutanese . Ethnic divisions: 60% Bhotias, 25% ethnic Nepalese, 15% indigenous or migrant tribes Religion: 75% Lamaistic Buddhism, 25% Buddhist- influenced Hinduism Language: Bhotias speak various Tibetan dialects, most widely spoken dialect is Dzongkha, the official language; Nepalese speak various Nepalese dialects Literacy: insignificant Labor force: 300,000; 99% agriculture, 1% industry; massive lack of skilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name: Kingdom of Bhutan Type: monarchy; special treaty relationship with India Capital: Thimphu Political subdivisions: 4 regions (east, central, west, south), further divided into 15-18 subdivisions Legal system: based on Indian law and English common law; in 1964 the monarch assumed full power-no constitution existed beforehand; a Supreme Court hears appeals from district administrators; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 17 December Branches: appointed Minister and indirectly elected Assembly consisting of village elders, monastic representa- tives, and all district and senior government administrators Government leader: King Jigme Singye Wangchuk Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 BHUTAN/BOLIVI A Suffrage: each family has one vote Elections: popular elections on village level held every 3 years Political parties: all parties illegal Communists: no overt Communist presence Other political or pressure groups: Buddhist clergy Member of:. Colombo Plan, G-77, NAM, UPU, U.N. ECONOMY GNP: $90 million (1976); $70 per capita Agriculture: rice, barley, wheat, potatoes, fruit Major industries: handicrafts (particularly textiles) Electric power: 3,000 kW capacity (1979); 8 million kWh produced (1979), 6. kWh per capita Exports: about $1 million annually; rice, dolomite, and handicrafts Imports: about $1.4 million annually Major trade partner: India Aid: economic-India (FY61-72), $180 million Monetary conversion rate: both ngultrums and Indian rupees are legal tender; 8.77 ngultrums=8.77 Indian rupees=US$1 as of October 1975 Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS ' ~- Highways: 1,304 km total; 418 km surfaced; 515 km improved, 371 km unimproved earth Freight carried: not available, very light traffic Civil air: no major transport aircraft Airfields: 2 total, 1 asphalt runway 1,372 m, and 1 with. concrete runway 899 m Telecommunications: facilities inadequate; 1,300 tele- phones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 6,000 est. radio sets; no TV sets; 1 AM station and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 314,000; 168,000 fit for military service; about 14,000 reach military age (18) annually Supply: dependent on India LAND 1,098,160 kmY; 2% cultivated and fallow, 11% pasture and meadow, 45% urban, desert, waste, or other, 40% forest, 2% inland water Land boundaries: 6,083 km PEOPLE Population: 5,420,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) ' Nationality:.noun-Bolivian(s); adjective-Bolivian Ethnic divisions: 50%-75% Indian, 20%-35% mestizo, 5%-15% white ? (See reference map lVJ Religion: predominantly Roman Catholic; active Prot- estant minority, especially Methodist Language: Spanish, AymaYa, Quechua Literacy: 35%-40% Labor force: 2.8 . million (1977); 70% agriculture, 3% mining, 10% services and utilities, 7% manufacturing, 10% other Organized labor: 150,000-200,000, concentrated in min- ing, industry, construction, and transportation GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Bolivia Type: republic; military dictatorship since 17 July 1980 Capital: La Paz (seat of government); Sucre (legal capital and seat of judiciary) Political subdivisions: 9 departments with limited autonomy Legal system: based on Spanish la~v and Code Napoleon; constitution adopted 1967; constitution in force ~ except where contrary to dispositions dictated by governments since 1969; legal education at University of San Andres and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 6 August Branches: executive; congress of two chambers-Senate and Chamber of Deputies-has not met since the coup, 17 July 1980; judiciary Government leaders: General Luis Garcia Meza (since July 1980 military coup) Suffrage: universal and compulsory at age 18 if married, 21 if single Elections: presidential and congressional elections held on 1 July 1979; since no presidential candidate won required simple majority, the contest was decided in the Congress where a compromise candidate; Senate President Walter Guevara Arce, was elected interim president; Guevara was overthrown on 1 November 1979 by a military coup led by Colonel Alberto Natusch Busch; popular repudiation of Natusch forced. his resignation after 16 days in power and Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Congress chose Chamber of Deputies President Lidia Gueiler Teiada interim president; Gueiler presided over new elections on 29 June 1980, which were won by the UDP coalition candidate Hernan Siles Zuazo; however, -prior to the planned August inauguration, the government was overthrown when a military coup led by General Luis Garcia Meza occurred on 17 July 1980; Garcia Meza currently rules the country Political parties and leaders: ban on political parties was lifted in December 1977; however, all political party activity greatly restricted since the 17 July 1980 coup; the two traditional political parties in Bolivia are the Nationalist Revolutionary Movement (MNR) and the Bolivian Socialist Phalange (FSB), both are seriously factionalized; Bolivian Socialist Falange (Mario Gutierrez); Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of the People (Jaime 'Arellano); Nationalist Revolutionary Movement of Left (Hernan Siles Zuazo); Authentic Revolutionary Party (Walter Guevara Arce); Christian Democratic Party (Benjamin Miguel); Nationalist Revolutionary Party of Left (Juan Lachin Oquendo); Paz Estenssorista MNR (Leonidas Sanchez); Nationalist Democratic Action Party (ADN; Hugo Banzer) Voting strength (1980 elections): UDP-Democratic Popular Unity Front, a coalition of the MNR1, MIR and Sev- eral smaller groups 38.5%; MNR 20.5%; ADN 16.8% Communists:-three parties; PCB/Soviet led by Jorge Kolle Cueto, about 300 members; PCB/Chinese led by Oscar Zamora, 150 (including 100 in exile); POR (Trotskyist), about 50 members divided between three factions led by Hugo Gonzalez Moscoso, Guillermo Lora Escobar, and Amadeo Arze Member of: FAO, G-77, IAEA, IADB, IATP, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, ILO, IMF, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA and Andean Sub=Regional Group (created in May 1969 within LAFTA), NAM, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $4.1 billion (1979), $800 per capita; 70%. private consumption, 12% public consumption, 20% gross domestic investment, -2.0% net foreign balance (1979); 1979 growth, 2.0% Agriculture: main crops-potatoes, corn, rice, sugarcane, yucca, bananas; imports significant quantities of wheat; caloric intake, 83% of requirements (1978) Major industries: mining, smelting, petroleum refining, food processing, textiles, and clothing Electric power: 367,000 kW capacity (1977); 1.1 billion kWh produced (1977), 230 kWh per capita Exports: $780 million (f.o.b., 1979 est.); tin, petroleum, lead, zinc, silver, tungsten, antimony, bismuth, gold, coffee, sugar, cotton, natural gas Imports: $930 million (f.o.b., 1979);: foodstuffs, chemicals, capital goods, pharmaceuticals, transportation Major trade partners: exports-Western Europe, 19% (of which UK is largest market); Latin America, 38%; U.S., 30%; Japan, 3.9%; imports-U.S., 24%; Western Europe, 15.4% (of which West Germany is largest supplier); Japan, 15.7%; Latin America, 33.6% (1975) Budget: $400 million revenues, $594 million expenditures (1979) Monetary conversion rate: 24.5 pesos=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,572 km total, goverment owned, single track; 3,540 km meter gage (1.000 m), 32 km 0.760-meter gage; in addition, 96 km meter .gage (1.000 m) privately .owned Highways: 37,300 km total;. 1,150 km paved, 6,550 km gravel, 5,950 km improved earth, 23,650 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: officially estimated to be 10,000 km of commercially navigable waterways. Pipelines: crude oil, 1,670 km; refined products, 1,495 km; natural gas, 580 km Ports: none (Bolivian cargo moved through Arica. and Antofagasta, Chile, and Matarani, Peru) Civil air: 53 major transport aircraft Airfields: 588 total, 546 usable; 6'with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m, 6 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 128 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: radio-relay system from La Paz to Santa Cruz; improved international services; 101;000 tele- phones (2.0 per 100 popl.); 122 AM, 18 FM, and 8 TV sta- tions; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,245,000; 787,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military. age (19) annually about 55,000 LAND 569,800 km2; about 6% arable, less than 1% under cultivation, mostly desert Land boundaries: 3,774 km PEOPLE Population: 795,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Motswana (sing.), Batswana; (pl.); adjective-Botswana Ethnic divisions: 94% Tswana, 5% Bushmen, 1% Euro- pean . Religion: 85% animist, 15% Christian Language: Africans speak Tswana vernacular Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Atlantic ,,:ocean:::: (See reference map VIIJ Literacy: about 22% in English; about 32% in Tswana; less than 1% secondary school graduates Labor force: 78,000 formal sector employees; most others are engaged in cattle raising and subsistence agriculture; 40,000 or over one-half of formal sector employees spend at least 6 to 9 months per year as wage earners in South Africa (1978) Organized labor: eight trade unions organized with a.total membership of approximately 9,000 (1972 est.) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Botswana Type: parliamentary republic; independent member of Commonwealth since 1966 Capital: Gaborone Political subdivisions: 12 administrative districts Legal system: based on Roman-Dutch law and local customary law; constitution came into effect 1966; judicial review limited to matters of interpretation; legal education at University of Botswana and Swaziland (2'/z years) and University of Edinburgh (2 years); has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 30. September Branches: executive-President appoints and presides over the cabinet which is responsible to Legislative Assembly; legislative-Legislative Assembly with 32 popu- larly elected members and 4 members elected by the 32 rep- resentatives, House of Chiefs with deliberative powers only; judicial-local courts administer customary law, High Court and subordinate courts have criminal jurisdiction over all residents, Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction Government leaders: President, Dr. Quett .K. J. Masire; Vice President, Lenyeletse M. Seretse Suffrage: universal, age 21 and over Elections: general elections held 20 October 1979 Political parties and leaders: Botswana Democratic Party (BDP), Quett Masire; Botswana National Front .(BNF), Kenneth Koma; Botswana People's Party (BPP); Botswana Independence Party (BIP), Motsamai Mpho Voting strength: (October 1979 election) BDP (29 seats); BPP (1 seat); BNF (2 seats);, BIP (no seats) Communists: no known Communist organization; Koma of BNF has long history of Communist contacts Member of: AFDB, Commonwealth, FAO, G-77, GATT (de facto), IBRD, IDA, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U. N., UPU, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $434.6 million; growth in constant prices, less than 5% in 1977 Agriculture: principal crops are corn and sorghum; livestock raised and exported Major industries: livestock processing, mining of dia- monds, copper, nickel, and coal Electric power: 75,000 kW capacity (1977); 85 million kWh produced ('1977), 120 kWh per capita Exports: $383.1 million (1979 est.); cattle, animal prod- ucts, copper, nickel Imports: $380.5 million (1979 est.); foodstuffs, vehicles, textiles, petroleum products Major trade partners: South Africa and U.K. Budget: (1979) revenues $167.0 million, current expen- ditures $120.8 million, development expenditures $74.6 million Monetary conversion rate: l Pula=about US$1.22 (1979) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 726'km 1.067-meter gage Highways: 10,784 km total; 800 km paved; 1,540 km crushed stone or gravel; 5,407 km improved earth and 3,037 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: native craft only; of local importance Civil air: 7 major transport aircraft, including 3 leased in Airfields: 78 total, 64 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 14 with runways 1,220-2;439 m Telecommunications: the system is a minimal combina- tion of open-wire lines, radio-relay links, and a few radiocommunication stations; Gaborone is the center; 8,000 telephones (1.0 per 100 popl.); 5 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 155,000; 82,000 fit for military service; 9,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1980, $13.0 million; 3% of central government budget .BRAZIL LAND 8,521,100 km2; 4% cultivated, 13% pasture, 23% built-on area, waste, acid other, 60% forested Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 BRAZI L (See reference map IV) Land boundaries: 13,076 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm Coastline:' 7,491 km PEOPLE Population: 123,388,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current) Nationality: noun-Brazilian(s); adjective-Brazilian Ethnic divisions: 60% white, 30% mixed, 8% Negro, and 2% Indian (1960 est.) Religion: 93% Roman Catholic (nominal) Language: Portuguese . Literacy: 83% of the population 15 years or older (1978) Labor force: about 40 million in 1976-36.3% agriculture, livestock, forestry, and fishing; 23.2% industry; 18.9% services, transportation, and communication; 9.2% com- merce; 6.1% social activities; 3.5% public administration; 2.8% other Organized labor: about 50% of labor-force; only about 1.5 million pay dues GOVERNMENT Legal name: Federative Republic of Brazil Type: federal republic; military-backed presidential re- gime since April 1964 Capital: Brasilia Political subdivisions: 22 states, 3 territories, federal district (Brasilia) Legal system: based on Latin codes; dual system of courts, state and federal; constitution adopted 1967 and extensively amended in .1969; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 7 September Branches: strong executive with very broad powers; bicameral legislature (powers of the two bodies have been sharply reduced); 11-man Supreme Court Government leader: President, Joao Figueiredo Suffrage: compulsory over ,age 18,~ except illiterates; approximately 30 million registered voters in October 1970 Elections: Figueiredo, who took office on 15 March 1979, was chosen by an electoral college, composed of the members of Congress and delegates selected fiom the state legislatures on 15 October 1978; next presidential election 1984 Voting strength: (November-1974 congressional elections) 33.6% ARENA, 31.9% MDB, 35:5% :blank and void Political parties and leaders:.Social Democratic Party (PDS), pro-government, Jose Sarney, president;, Brazilian Democratic Movement Party (PMDB), .Ulysses Guimaraes, president; Popular Party (PP), Tancredo Neves and Magalhaes Pinto, leaders .Communists: 6,000, less than. 1,000 militants, Other political or pressure groups: the Catholic Church, over the years, has been a consistent critic of the regime; la- bor unions, at least as far as wage demands, -have become highly active Member of: FAO, G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO ,-ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: $215 billion (1980 est.), $1,800 per capita; 23% gross investment, 79% consumption, -2% net foreign balance (1980 est.); real growth rate 6.6% (1980 est.) Agriculture: main products-coffee, rice, beef, corn, milk, sugarcane, .soybeans; nearly self-sufficient; caloric intake, 2,400 calories per day per capita (1975) Fishing: catch 857,971 metric tons (1978); exports; $125 million (f.o.b., 1979); imports, $90 million (f.o.b., 1979) Major industries: textiles and other consumer goods, chemicals, cement, lumber, steel, motor vehicles, other metalworking industries, capital goods Crude steel: 12.5 million metric tons capacity (1978); 13.5 million metric tons produced (1979) Electric power: 24,500,000 kW capacity (1977); 88.2 billion kWh produced ,(1978), 765 kWh per capita Exports:. $15,244 million (f.o.b., 1979); coffee,. manufac- tures, iron ore, cotton; soybeans, sugar, wood, cocoa, beef, shoes Imports: $17,961 million (f.o.b., 1979); machinery, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, petroleum, wheat, copper, aluminum Major trade partners: exports-18.5% U.S., 6.8% West Germany, 7.1% Netherlands, 6.0% Japan, 4.3% Italy, 4.1% Argentina, 3.9% France (1978); imports-37.6% oil export- ers, 16.2% U.S., 7.3% West Germany, 5.8% Japan, 4.7% Argentina, 3.5% Spain (1978) Budget: (1979) revenues $20.2 billion, expenditures"$19.3 billion Monetary conversion rate: 58 cruzeiros=US$1 (October 1980, changes frequently) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Fiscal year:,. calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 30,300 km total; 26,543 km meter gage (1.000 m), 3,361 km 1.60-meter gage, 194 km standard gage (1.435 m), 202 km 0.76-meter gage; 2,249 km electrified Highways: 1,510,900 km total; 75,900 km paved, 1,435,000 km gravel or earth Inland waterways: 50;000. km navigable Ports:.8 maior, 23 significant minor Pipelines: crude oil, 2,000 km; refined products, 465 km; natural gas, 257 km Civil air: 156 maior transport aircraft, including 6 leased in Airfields: 4,419 total, 3,831 usable; 185 with permanent- surface runways; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 15 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 429 with runways 1,220-2,439 m 'Telecommunications: fair telecom system; good radio relay facilities; 1 Atlantic Ocean INTELSAT station with 2 antennas; 6 domestic satellite stations; 4.71 million tele- phones (4.0 per 100 popl.); 1,100 AM stations, 150 FM, and 120 TV stations (with many relay transmitters); 2 coaxial submarine cables DEFENSE FORCES ? Military manpower: males 15-49, 28,698,000; 18,679,000 fit for military service; 1,321,000 reach military age (18) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, $1,542.6 million; 6.8% of central government budget LAND 5,776 km2; 3% cultivated; 22% industry, waste, urban or other; 75% forested Land boundaries: 381 km WATER_ Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm Coastline: 161 km PEOPLE Population: 232,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 5.8% (7-78 to 7-79) Nationality: noun-Bruneian(s); adiective-Bruneian Ethnic divisions: 65% Malays, 24% Chinese, 11% other Religion: 60% Muslim (Islam official religion); 8% Christian; 32% other (Buddhist and animist) Language: Malay and English official, Chinese Literacy: 45% Labor force: 32,155; 30.5% agriculture; 32.8% industry, manufacturing, and construction; 33.8% trade, transport, services; 2.9% other Organized labor: 8.4% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: State of Brunei Type: British protectorate; constitutional sultanate Capital: Bandar Seri Begawan Political subdivisions: 4 administrative districts Legal system: based on Islamic law; constitution promul- gated by the Sultan in 1959 Branches: Chief of State is Sultan (advised by appointed Privy Council) who appoints Executive Council and Legislative Council Government leader: Sultan Hassanal Bolkiah Suffrage: universal age 21 and over; 3-tiered system of indirect elections; popular .vote cast for lowest level (district councilors) Elections: last elections-March 1965; further elections postponed indefinitely Political parties and leaders: antigovernment, exiled Brunei People's Party, Chairman A. M. N. Azahari Communists: information not available ,< ECONOMY GNP: $460 million (1975 est.), $2,970 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rubber, rice, pepper, must import most food Major industry: crude petroleum, liquefied natural gas Electric power: 81,000 kW capacity (1979); 240 million kWh produced (1979), 1,150 kWh per capita Exports: $1,900 million (f.o.b., 1978); 95% crude petro- leum and liquefied natural gas Imports: $261 million (c.i.f., 1978); 25% machinery and transport equipment, 46% manufactured goods, 16% food . Major trade partners: exports of crude petroleum and liquefied natural gas to Japan; imports from Japan 30%, U.S. 24%, U. K. 15%, Singapore 9% , Budget: (1979) revenues $1 billion, expenditures $507 million, surplus $493 million; 70% defense Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 BRUNEI/BULGARIA Monetary conversion rate: 2.2 Brunei dollars=US$1 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 9.6 km narrow gage (0.610 m) Highways: 1,206 km total; 376 km paved (bituminous treated), 402 km gravel or stone, 428 km .unimproved Inland waterways: 209 km; navigable by craft drawing less than. 1.2 meters Ports: 2 minor (Bandar Seri Begawan, formerly Brunei, and Kuala Belait) Pipelines: crude oil, 135 km; refined products, 56 km; natural gas, 56 km; crude oil and natural gas, 241 km under construction Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 3 total, 3 usable; 2 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway over 3,660 m; 2 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: service throughout country is ade- quate for present needs; international service good to adjacent Sabah and Sarawak; radiobroadcast coverage good; 12,388 telephones (6.1 per 100 popl.); Radio Brunei broadcasts from 6 AM/FM stations and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 46,000; 27,000 fit for military service; about 2,300 reach military age (18) annually LAND 111,852 km2; 41% arable, 11% other agricultural, 33% forested, 15% other Land boundaries: 1,883 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 354 km PEOPLE Population: 8,885,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 0.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Bulgarian(s); adjective-Bulgarian Ethnic divisions: 85.3% Bulgarians, 8.5% Turks, 2.6% Gypsies, 2.5% Macedonians, 0.3% Armenians, 0.2% Russians, 0.6% other Religion: regime promotes atheism; religious background of population is 85% Bulgarian Orthodox, 13% Muslim, 0.8% Jewish, 0.7% Roman Catholic, 0.5% Protestant, Gregorian- Armenian and other Language: Bulgarian; secondary languages closely cor- respond to ethnic breakdown Literacy:.95% (est.) Labor force: 4.7 million (1980); 26% agriculture, 26% industry, 48% other GOVERNMENT Legal name: People's Republic of Bulgaria Type: Communist state Capital: Sofia Political subdivisions: 28 okrugs (districts), including capital city of Sofia Legal system: based on civil law system, with Soviet law influence; new constitution adopted in 1971; judicial review of legislative acts in the State Council; legal education at University of Sofia; has accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: National Liberation Day, 9 September Branches: legislative, National Assembly; judiciary, Su- preme Court Government leaders: Todor Zhivkov, Chairman, State Council (President and Chief of State); Stanko Todorov, Chairman, Council of Ministers (Premier) Suffrage: universal and compulsory over age 18 Elections: theoretically held every 5 years for National Assembly; last elections held on 20 May 1976; 99.85% of the electorate voted Political parties and leaders: Bulgarian Communist Party, Todor Zhivkov, First Secretary; Bulgarian National Agrarian Union, a puppet party, Petur Tanchev, secretary of Permanent Board Communists: 817,000 party members (January 1978) Mass organizations and front groups: Fatherland Front, Dimitrov Communist Youth League, Central Council of Trade Unions, National Committee for Defense of Peace, Union of Fighters Against Fascism' and Capitalism, Com- mittee of Bulgarian Women, All-National Committee for Bulgarian-Soviet Friendship . Member of: CEMA, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ILO, Interna- tional Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IPU, ITC, ITU, IWC-International Wheat Council, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO; Warsaw Pact, International Organization of Journalists, International Medical Associ- ation, International Radio and Television Organization Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 ECONOMY GNP: $26.8 billion, 1979 (1979 dollars), $3,020 per capita; 1979 real growth rate, 2:6% Agriculture: mainly self-sufficient; main crops-grain, vegetables; caloric intake, 3,000 calories per day per capita (1969/70) Fishing: catch 150,000 metric tons (1978) Major industries: agricultural processing, machinery, textiles and clothing, mining, ore processing, timber Shortages: some raw materials, metal products, meat and dairy products; fodder Crude steel: 2.5 million metric tons produced (1979), 281 kg per capita Electric power: 8,343,000 kW capacity (1979); 34,475 million kWh produced (1979), -3,670 kWh per capita Exports: $9.0 billion (f.o.b., 1979); 45% machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment; 19% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, and other industrial material; 2% agricultural raw materials; 24% foodstuffs, raw materials for food industry, and animals; 9% industrial consumer goods (1979) Imports: $8.6 billion (f.o.b., 1979); 37% machinery, equipment, and transportation equipment; 48% fuels, minerals, raw materials, metals, other materials; 5% agricul- tural raw materials; 5% foodstuffs, raw materials for food industry, and animals; 5% industrial consumer goods (1979) Major trade partners: $17,554 million in 1979; 23% with non=Communist countries, 56% with U.S:S.R., 21% with ,other Communist countries Monetary conversion rate: 0.86 Ieva=US$1 (1979) Fiscal year: calendar year; economic data reported for calendar years except for caloric intake; which is reported for consumption year 1 July-30 June NOTE: Foreign trade figures were converted at the 1979 rate of 0.86 Ieva=US$1 COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 4,341 km total; about 4,096 km standard gage (1.435 m), 245 km narrow gage; 347 km double track; 1,554 km electrified; government-owned (1978) Highways: 31,949 km total; 80 km superhighway, 6,679 km concrete, asphalt, stone block; 6,084 km asphalt treated, gravel, crushed stone; 19,106 km .earth (1978) Inland waterways: 471 km (1979) Freight carried: rail-75.0 million metric tons, 17.1 billion metric ton/km (1978); highway-837 million metric tons, 16.1 billion metric ton/km (1978); waterway-4.9 million metric tons, 2.6 billion metric ton/km (excl. intl. transit traffic; 1979); approximately 295 waterway craft with 285,000 metric ton capacity (1978) Ports: 3 major (Varna, Varna West, Burgas), 3 minor (1979); principal river ports are Ruse and Lom (1979) DEFENSE FORCES Military budget: for fiscal year ending .31 December 1979, est. 725 million Ieva; 6.7% of total budget LAND 678,600 km2; 28% arable, of which 12% is cultivated, 62% forest, 10% urban and other (1969) Land boundaries: 5,850 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 200 nm (200 nm exclusive economic zone) Coastline: 3,060 'km PEOPLE Population: 34,842,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Burman(s); adjective-Burmese Ethnic divisions: 72% Burman', 7% Karen, 6% Shan, 2% Kachin, 2% Chin, 2% Chinese, 3% Indian, 6% other Religion: 85% Buddhist, 15% animist and other Language: Burmese; minority ethnic groups have their own languages Literacy: 70% (official claim) Labor force: 12.2 million (1976); 67% agriculture, 9% industry, 20% services, commerce, and transportation Organized labor: no figure available; old labor or- ganizations have been disbanded, and government is forming one central labor organization GOVERNMENT Legal name: Socialist Republic of the Union of Burma Type: republic under 1974 constitution Capital: Rangoon Political subdivisions: seven divisions and seven constitu- ent states; subdivided into townships, villages, and wards Legal system: People's Justice system and People's Courts instituted under 1974 constitution; legal education at Universities of Rangoon and Mandalay; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 4 January Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Branches: State Council rules through .a Council of Ministers; People's Assembly has legislative power Government leader: Chairman of State Council and President, Gen. U. Ne Win Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: People's Assembly, and local People's Councils elected in 1978 J Political parties and leaders: government-sponsored Burma Socialist Program Party only legal party Communists: estimated 5,000-8,000 Other political or pressure groups: Kachin Independence Army; Karen I~Tationalist Union, several Shan factions Member of: ADB, Colombo Plan, FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $5.0 billion (1979/80, in current prices), $150 per capita; real growth rate 5.9% (1979/80) Agriculture: accounts for nearly 70% of-total employment and about 27% of GDP; main crops-paddy, sugarcane, corn, peanuts; almost 100% self-sufficient; most rice grown in deltaic land Fishing: catch 518,700 metric tons (1977) Major industries: agricultural pfocessing; textiles and footwear; wood and wood products; petroleum refining Electric power: 460,000 kW capacity (1979); 968 million kWh produced (1979), 28 kWh per capita Exports: $325 million (f.o.b., 1979); rice, teak Imports: $650 million (c.i.f., 1979); machinery and transportation equipment, textiles, .other manufactured goods Major trade partners: exports-Singapore, Western Eu- rope, China, LI.K., Japan; imports-Japan, Western Europe, Singapore, U.K. Budget: (1979/80) $3.4, billion est. revenues, $4.0 billion. expenditures, $600 million deficit Monetary conversion rate: 6.65 kyat=US$1 (1979) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 3,285 km total; 3,172 km meter gage (1.00 m), 113 km narrow-gage industrial lines; 328 km double track; government-owned highways: 27,000 km total; 3,200 km bituminous, 17,700 km improved earth, gravel, 6,100 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: 12,800 km; 3,200 km navigable by large commercial vessels Ports: 4 maior, 6 minor Civil air: about 20 maior transport aircraft Airfields: 81 total, 79 usable; 24 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 39 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: provide minimum requirements for local and intercity service; international service is good; radiobroadcast coverage is limited to the most populous areas; 33,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 1 AM and d FM radio stations; first TV station being tested; one ground satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: eligible 15-49, .7,801,000; .4,165,000 fit for military service; about 338,000 males and 333,000 females reach military age (18) annually,;,both are liable for military service , Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 March 1981; $311.8 .million, 32% of central government budget LAND 28,490 kmQ; about 37% arable (about 66% cultivated), 23% pasture, 10% scrub and forest, 30% other Land boundaries: 974 km PEOPLE Population: 4,353,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Burundian(s); adjective-Burundi Ethnic divisions: Africans-85% Hutu (Bantu), 14% Tutsi (Hamitic), 1% Twa (Pigmy); other Africans-include perhaps 10,000 Zairians (approximately 40,000 were recently repatri- ated), and 40,000 Rwandans; non-Africans include about 3,000 Europeans and 1,000 South Asians Religion: about 60% Christian (53% Catholic, 7% Protestant); rest, mostly animist plus perhaps 2% Muslims Language: Kirundi and French (official); Swahili- (along Lake Tanganyika and' in the Bujumbura .area) Literacy: about 15% in Kirundi, 3% in French, no serviceable estimate for Kiswahili Labor force: about 2 million (1976 est.) Organized labor: sole group is the Union of Burundi Workers (UTB); by charter, membership is extended to all Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Burundi workers (informally); figures denoting "active membership" have been unobtainable GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Burundi Type: republic; military government overthrown by military coup, November 1976; constitution abolished Capital:. Buiumbura Political subdivisions: 8 provinces, subdivided into 18 arrondissements and 78 communes; Buiumbura city (popula- tion est. 175,000) has status equal to a province Legal system: based on German and French civil codes and customary law; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 1 July Branches: Supreme Revolutionary Council is governing body Government leader: Col. Jean-Baptiste Bagaza, Chairman of Supreme Revolutionary Council, established November 1976 Suffrage: universal Elections: last legislative election May 1965; legislature dissolved in 1966 ' Political parties and leaders: National Party of Unity and Progress (UPRONA), a ,Tutsi -led party, declared sole legitimate party in 1966 Communists: no Communist party; resumed diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China in October 1971 following asix-year suspension; U.S.S.R., North Korea, and Romania also have diplomatic missions in Burundi Member of: AFDB, EAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, U. N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, WTO ECONOMY GNP: about $614.0 million (1978), $140 per capita; 2.0% real growth (1970-74); real GDP growth in 1976, 7.8% Agriculture: major cash crops-coffee, cotton; -tea; main food crops-manioc, yams, corn, sorghums, bananas, haricot beans; marginally self-sufficient Industries: light consumer goods such as beverages, blankets, shoes, soap, assembly of imports Electric power: 7,500 kW capacity (diesel generator 1977); 25 million kWh produced (1977), 6 kWh per capita Exports: $90 million (f.o.b., 1979); coffee (90%), tea, cotton, hides, skins Imports: $102 million (c.i.f., 1979); textiles, .foodstuffs, transport equipment, petroleum products Major trade partners: U.S., EEC countries Budget: (1979) revenue $113.3 million, current expen- diture $38.0 million, development expenditure $38.0 million Monetary conversion rate: 90 Burundi francs=US$1 (official) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 7,800 km total; 300 km bituminous, 2,500 km crushed stone, gravel, or laterite, and 3,000 km improved earth, and 2;000 km unimproved earth Inland waterways: Lake Tanganyika navigable for lake steamers and barges, 1 lake port Civil air: 4 maior transport aircraft Airfields: 12 total, 12 usable; 1 with permanent-surface runway; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m Telecommunications: sparse system of wire and low- capacity radio-relay links; telegraph primary means of communication; about 6,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 2 AIv1, 1 FM, and no TV .stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 986,000; 510,000 fit for military service;, 47,000 reach military age (16) annually Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980, $35.5 million; about 21.8% of central government budget CAI~YEROON LAND 475,400 km2; 4% cultivated, 18% grazing, 13% fallow, 50% forest, 15% other Land boundaries: 4,554 km WATER Limits- of territorial waters (claimed): 50 nm Coastline: 402 km PEOPLE Population: 8,660,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current); this estimate does not take into account refugee movement from Chad to Cameroon during recent yea"rs Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Nationality: noun-Cameroonian(s); adjective-Came- roonian Ethnic divisions: about 200 tribes of widely differing background; 31% Cameroon Highlanders, 19% Equatorial Bantu, 8% Northwestern Bantu, 10% Fulani, 7% Eastern Nigritic, 11% Kirdi, 13% other African, less than 1% non-African Religion: about one-half animist, one-third Christian; one- sixth Muslim Language: English and French official, 24 maior African language groups Literacy: South 40%, North 10% Labor force: most of population engaged in subsistence agriculture and herding; 200,000 wage earners (maximum) including 22,000 government employees, 63,000 paid agricultural workers, 49,000 in manufacturing Organized labor: under 45% of wage. labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: United Republic of Cameroon Type: unitary republic; one-party presidential regime Capital: Yaounde Political subdivisions: 7 provinces divided into 40 departments, 153 arrondissements, 31 districts Legal system: based on French civil law system, with common law influence; new unitary constitution adopted 1972; judicial review in Supreme Court, when a question of constitutionality is referred to it by the President of the Republic; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: National Day, 20 May -Branches: executive (President), legislative (National Assembly), and judicial (Supreme Court) Government leader: President Ahmadou Ahidio Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: parliamentary elections held 28 May 1978; presidential elections held April 1980 Political parties and leaders: single party, Cameroonian National Union (UNC), instituted in 1966, President Ahmadou Ahidio Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: Cameroon Peoples Union (UPC), an illegal terrorist group now reduced to scattered acts of banditry with its factional leaders in exile Member of: AFBD, EAMA, ECA, EIB (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAC, ICAO, ICO, IDA, IFC, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, NAM, Niger River Commission, OAU, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, W TO ECONOMY GDP: $4.9 billion (1980 est.), about $600 per capita; real growth rate,. 3.2% (1970-77) Agriculture: commercial and food crops-cocoa, coffee, timber, cotton, rubber, bananas, peanuts, palm-oil and palm kernels; root starches, livestock, millet, sorghum, and rice Fishing: imports 7,024 metric tons, $2.2 million; exports 909 metric tons (largely shrimp), $3.5 million (1975) Major industries: small aluminum plant, food processing and light consumer goods industries, sawmills Electric power: 358,000 kW capacity (1978); 1,276 million kWh produced (1978), 160 kWh per capita Exports: $1,113 million (f.o.b., 1979); cocoa and coffee about 60%; other exports include timber, aluminum, cotton, natural rubber, bananas, peanuts, tobacco, and tea Imports: $1,110 million (f.o.b., 1979); consumer goods, machinery, transport equipment, alumina for ,refining, petroleum products, food and -beverages Major trade partners: about 70% of total trade with France and other EC countries; about 5% of total trade with U. S. Budget: (1980) revenues $877.3 million, current expen- ditures $608.6 million, development expenditures $268.7 million Monetary conversion -rate: 212.7 Communaute Financiere Africaine francs=US$1 (1979) Fiscal year: 1July-30 June COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 1,173 km total; 858 km meter gage (1.00 m), 145 km 0.600-meter gage Highways: approximately 28,940 km total; including 2,127 km bituminous, 26,813 km gravel and earth Inland waterways: 2,090 km; of decreasing importance Ports: 1 maior (Douala), 3 minor Civil air: 4 maior transport aircraft Airfields:- 63 total, 59 usable; 7 with permanent-surface runways; 2 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 19 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of open wire and radio relay; 26,000 telephones (0.3 per 100 popl.); 7 AM, 1 FM, and no TV stations; 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,836,000; 926,000 fit for military service; average number. reaching military age (18) annually about 83,000 Military budget: for fiscal year ending 30 June 1981, $91.6 million; 7.8% of central government budget CANADA LAND 9,971,500 kmz; 4% cultivated, 2% meadows and pastures, 44% forested, 42% waste or urban, 8% inland water Land boundaries: 9,010 km Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 (See reference map ll) WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 90,908 km PEOPLE Population: 24,033,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 0.9% (1-79 to 1-80) Nationality: noun-Canadian(s); adjective-Canadian Ethnic divisions: 44% British Isles origin, 30% French origin, 26% other Religion: 48% Protestant, 47% Catholic, 5% other ' Language: English and French official Labor force: 11.5 rnillion (July 1980); 42% service, 20% manufacturing, 17% trade, 9% transportation and utilities, 6% construction, 4% agriculture, 2% other; 7.5% unemploy- ment . (1979 average); 7.6% unemployment (August 1980) Organized labor: 30% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Canada , Type: federal state recognizing Elizabeth.II as sovereign Capital: Ottawa Political subdivisions: 10 provinces. and 2 territories Legal system: based on English common law, except in Quebec, where civil law system based on French law prevails; constitution is British North America Act. of 1867 and various amendments; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdic- tion, with reservations National holiday: Dominion Day, .1 July Branches: federal executive power vested in cabinet collectively responsible to House of Commons, and headed by Prime Minister; federal legislative authority resides in Parliament consisting of Queen represented by Governor- General, Senate, and Commons; judges appointed by Governor-General on the advice of the government; Supreme Court is highest tribunal Government leaders: Prime Minister Pierre E. Trudeau; Governor General Edward Schreyer Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: legal -limit of 5 years but in practice usually held within 4 years, last election February 1980; voter turnout, 72% Political parties and leaders: Liberal, Pierre Trudeau; Progressive-Conservatives, Joe Clark; New Democratic, Edward Broadbent Voting strength (1980 election): (numbers in parens indicate current party strengths in Parliament) Liberal, 44% (146 seats); Progressive Conservative, 33% (102 seats); New Democratic Party, 20% (32 seats); 2 vacant seats; total seats in Parliament 282 Communists: 2,000 approx.. Member ofc ADB, Colombo Plan, Commomwealth, DAC, FAO, GATT, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICES, ICO, ICRC, IDA, IDB, IEA, IFC, IHO, ILO, International Lead and Zinc Study Group, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ISO, ITC, ITU, IWC- International Whaling Commission, IWC-International Wheat Council, NATO, OAS (observer), OECD, U.N., UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG ECONOMY GNP: $222.2 billion (1979. in 1979 prices), $9,350 per capita (1979); 58% consumption, 23% government, 20% investment, -2% net foreign trade; real growth rate 5.3% (1970-74), 3.0% (1975-79) Agriculture: main products-livestock, grains (principally wheat), dairy products; food shortages-fresh fruits and vegetables; caloric intake, 3,180 calories per day per capita (1966-67) Fishing: catch 892 million metric tons; exports 784.7 million metric tons (1978) Major industries: mining, metals, food products, wood and paper products, transportation equipment, chemicals Shortages: rubber, rolled steel, fruits, precision instru- ments Crude steel: 16.1 million metric tons produced (1979) Electric power: 75,768,000 kW.capacity (1979); 352,308 million kWh produced (1979), 14,770 kWh per capita Exports: $55,634 million (f.o.b., 1979); Principal items= transportation equipment, wood and wood products includ- ing paper, ferrous and nonferrous ores, crude petroleum, wheat;- Canada is a major food exporter Imports: $52,243 million (f.o.b., 1979); principal items- transportation equipment, machinery, crude petroleum, communication equipment, textiles, steel, fabricated metals, office machines, fruits -and vegetables Major trade partners: 70.1% U.S., 10.0% EC, 4.9% Japan (1979) Aid: economic-(received U.S., $412.8 million Ex-Im Bank, FY70-79); Canada commitments to LDCs (1970-78), bilateral ODA and OOF, $10.7 billion Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Budget: total revenues $36,564 million; current expen- ditures $44,052 million; gross: capital expenditure .$894 million; budget deficit $7,795 million (1979; National Accounts Basis) Monetary conversion rate: there is no designated par value for the Canadian dollar, which was allowed to float freely on the exchanges beginning 1 June 1970; since then the Canadian dollar has moved between US$0.84-1.04 in value, 1C$=US$0.8537 (official rate, 1979 average) Fiscal year: 1 April-31 March COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 68,978 km total; 67,616 km standard gage (1.435 m) (43 km electrified); 1,183 km 1.067-meter gage (in Newfoundland); 179 km 0.914-meter gage Highways: 829,325 km total; 640,850 ~ km surfaced (189,800 km paved), 188,475 km earth Inland waterways: 3,000 km Pipelines: oil, 23,564 km total crude and refined; riatural gas, 74,980 km Ports: 19 major, 300 minor Civil air: 556 major transport aircraft Airfields: 1,837 total, 1,485 usable; 325 with permanent- surface runways; 4 with runways over ?3,659 m, 29 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 291 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: excellent service provided by mod- ern telecom media; 14.5 million telephones (61.0 per 100 popl.); countrywide AM, FM, and TV coverage including 630 AM, 80 FM, and 500 TV stations; 8 coaxial submarine cables; 2 satellite stations with 3 Atlantic Ocean antennas and 1 Pacific Ocean antenna and .70 domestic satellite stations DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 6,330,000; 5,441,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (1'7) annually 212,000 Military budget: proposed for fiscal year ending 31 March 1981, $4.66 billion; about 9% of proposed central CAPE VERDE LAND 4,040 km~, divided among 10 islands and several islets WATER Limits of territorial waters: 12 nm (fishing 200 nm, economic 200 nm) Coastline: 965 km PEOPLE. Population: 338,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.1% (current) A9Alt{{Rl jsiN..lA ~fJt.-..IrMFn e (See re/erence map Vll) Nationality: noun-Cape Verdean(s); adjective-Cape Verdian Ethnic divisions: about 28% African; 70% mulatto; 2% European Religion: Catholicism, fused with local superstitions Language: Portuguese and crioula, a blend of Portuguese and West African words Literacy: 14% Labor force: bulk of population engaged in subsistence agriculture GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Cape Verde National holiday: 12 September . Type: republic; achieved independence from Portugal in Julv 1975 Capital: Praia Political subdivisions: 10 islands Legal system: to be determined National holiday: 12 September Branches: National Assembly, 56 members; the official party is the supreme political institution Government leaders: President, Aristides Pereira; Prime Minister, Pedro Pires; Minister of Foreign Affairs, Abilio Duarte . Suffrage: universal over age 18 Elections: to be determined Political parties. and leaders: only legal party, Partido Africano da Independencia da Guinee e Cabo Verde (PAIGC), -led by Aristides Pereira, Secretary-General Communists: a few Communists, some sympathizers Member of: G-77, NAM, OAU, U. N. ECONOMY GDP: $40.7 million (1978 est.); $136 per capita income; 0.0% growth rate Agriculture: main crops-corn, beans, manioc, sweet potatoes; barely self-sufficient in food Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Fishing: catch 8,331 metric tons (1977); largely undeveloped but provides major source of export earnings Major industries: salt mining Electric power: 6,000 kW capacity (1977); 7 million kWh produced (1977); 20 kWh per capita Exports: $11.9 million (f.o.b., 1979); fish, bananas, salt, flour Imports: $58.8 million (c.i.f., 1979); petroleum products, corn, rice, machinery, textiles Major trade partners: Portugal, U.K., Japan, African neighbors Budget: $29.7 million public revenue, $29.8 million current expenditures Monetary conversion rate: 53.6 escudos=US$1 (1978) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Ports: 1 major (Mindelo), 3 minor Civil air: 2 major transport aircraft Airfields: 6 total, 6 usable; 4permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 4 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: interisland radio-relay system, HF radio to mainland Portugal, about 1,700 telephones (0.5 per 100 popl.); 1 FM and 5 AM stations; 2 coaxial submarine DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 82,000; 46,000 fit for military service Military budget: for fiscal year including 31 December 1980, $15 million; about 5% of central government budget CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC LAND 626,780 km2; 10%-15% cultivated, 5% dense forests, 80%-85% grazing, fallow, vacant arable land, urban, waste Land boundaries: 4,981 km PEOPLE Population: 2,376,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.6% (current) Nationality: noun-Central African(s); adiective- Central African Ethnic divisions: approximately 80 ethnic groups, the majority of which have related ethnic and linguistic characteristics; Banda (32%) and Baya-Mandiia (29%) are largest single groups; 6,500 Europeans, of whom 6,000 are French and majority of the rest Portuguese Religion: 40% Protestant, 28% Catholic, 24% animist, 8% Muslim; animistic beliefs and practices strongly influence the Christian majority Language: French official; Sangho, lingua franca and national language Literacy: estimated at 5%-10% Labor _ force: about half the population economically active, 80% of whom are in agriculture; approximately 64,000 salaried workers Organized labor: 1% of labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Central African Republic Type: democratic republic with a single party Capital: Bangui Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures, 47 subprefectures Legal system: based on French law; in September 1979 the present Chief of State, with French military support, overthrew Emperor Bokassa and proclaimed a provisional constitution; new constitution has been drafted and referen- dum .promised by 1981, but no date specified National holiday: 4 December Branches: President David Dacko is Chief of State; government is headed by a .Prime Minister assisted by the Council of Ministers; judiciary, Supreme Court, court of appeals, criminal court, and numerous lower courts; constitution calls fora National Assembly Government leader: President David Dacko Suffrage: universal over age 21 Elections: tentatively planned by 1982 Political parties and leaders: Central African Demo- cratic Union (UDC), sole political party, formed March 1980 by Dacko Communists: no Communist Party or significant number of sympathizers Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, FAO, G-77, GATT, IBRD, ICAO, ICO, IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UDEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $535.5 million (1978 est.), $280 per capita Agriculture: commercial-cotton, coffee, peanuts; ses- ame, wood; main food crops-manioc, corn, peanuts, rice, Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 potatoes, beef; requires wheat; flour, rice, -beef, and sugar imports Major industries: sawmills, cotton textile mills, brewery, diamond mining and splitting Electric power: 44,000 kW capacity (1977); 106 million kWh produced (1977), 60 kWh per capita Exports: $129.7 million (f.o.b., 1979 est.); cotton, coffee, diamonds, timber Imports: $101.6 million (f.o.b,~1979 est.); textiles, petro- leum products, machinery and electrical equipment, motor vehicles and equipment, chemicals and pharmaceuticals Major trade partners: France, Yugoslavia, Japan, U.S. Budget: (1979) revenues $96.8 million (est.), current expenditures $107.7 million (est.), development expenditures $4.2 million (est.) Monetary conversion rate: 212.7 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA) francs=US$1 (1979) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 21,950 km total; 290 km bituminous, 7,500 km gravel and/or crushed stone, .14,160 km improved earth, remainder unimproved earth Inland waterways: 7,080 km; traditional trade carried on by means of shallow-draft dugouts on the extensive system of rivers and streams Ports: Bangui (river port) Civil air: 5 maior transport aircraft, including 1 leased in Airfields: 56 total, 47 usable; 3 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 18 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: facilities are meager; network is composed of low-capacity, how-powered radio-communication stations and radio-relay links; 6,000 telephones (0.2 per 100 popl.); 3 AM stations, 1 FM station, and 1 TV station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 552,000; 286,000 fit for military service Supply: mainly dependent on France, but has received equipment from Israel, Italy, U.S.S.R., FRG, South Korea, and PRC Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1980; $12.8 million (current budget only); about 12.7% of central government current budget . CHAD LAND 1,284,640 km2; 17% arable, 35% pastureland, 2% forest and scrub, 46% other uses and waste (See reference map Vll) Land boundaries: 5,987 km PEOPLE Population: 4,687,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.3% (current); this estimate does not take into account refugee movement from Chad to Cameroon during recent years .Nationality: noun-Chadian(s); adjective-Chadian Ethnic divisions: over 240 tribes representing 12 maior ethnic groups-Muslims (Arabs, Toubou, Fulani, Kotoko, Hausa, Kanembou, Baguirmi, Boulala, and Wadai) in the north and center and non-Muslims (Sara, Mayo-Kebbi, and Chari) in the south; some 150,000 nonindigenous, 5,000 of them French Religion: about half Muslim, 5% Christian, remainder animist Language: French official; Chadian Arabic is lingua franca in north, Sara and Sangho in south Literacy: estimated 5%-10% Labor force: -only 55% of population in economically. active group, of which 90% are engaged in unpaid subsistence farming, herding, and fishing; 47,000 wage earners in industry and civil service Organized labor: about 20% of wage labor force GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Chad Type: republic; New National Union Transition Govern- ment formed 6 November 1979 Capital: N'Djamena Political subdivisions: 14 prefectures Legal system: based on French civil law system and Chadian customary law; constitution adopted 1962; constitu- tion suspended and national assembly dissolved April 1975; judicial review of legislative acts in theory a power of the Su- preme Court; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: 13 April Branches: Presidency; Council of Ministers Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 .Government leaders: President Weddeye Goukouni; Vice President Lt. Col. Wadal Kamougue; Minister of Defense Hissein Habre Suffrage: universal . Elections: national elections are expected to take place in 18 months Political parties and leaders: political parties banned Communists: no front organizations or underground party; probably a few Communists and some sympathizers Other political or pressure groups: the development of a stable government will probably be hampered by prolonged tribal and regional antagonisms of the dissident factions now ruling Chad Member of: AFDB, Conference of East and Central African States, EAMA, ECA, EEC (associate), FAO, G-77, GATT, ICAC, ICAO, IBRD, ? IDA, ILO, IMF, ITU, Lake Chad Basin Commission, NAM, OAU, OCAM, UEAC, U.N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO ECONOMY GDP: $924.6 million (1978), $220 per capita; estimated real annual growth rate 16% Agriculture: commercial-cotton, gum arabic, livestock, fish; food crops'-peanuts, millet, sorghum, rice, sweet potatoes, yams, cassava, dates; imports food Fishing: catch 70,000 metric tons (1978 est.) Major industries: agricultural and livestock processing plants (cotton textile mill, slaughterhouses, brewery), natron Electric power: 22,000 kW capacity (1977); 60 million kWh .produced (1977), 15 kWh per capita Exports: $90.5 million (f.o.b., 1978 est.); cotton 80%, livestock and animal products Imports: $179.6 million (f.o.b., 1978 est.); cement, petroleum, foodstuffs, machinery, textiles, and motor vehicles Major trade partners: France (about 40% in 1973) and UDEAC countries; preferential tariffs to EC and franc zone countries Budget: (1978 ,est.) public revenue $67.4 million,. current revenue $89.0 million Monetary conversion rate: 212.72 Communaute Financiere Africaine (CFA') francs=US$1 (1979) Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: none Highways: 27,505 km total; 242 km bituminous, 4,385 km gravel and laterite, and remainder unimproved Inland waterways: approximately 2,000 km navigable Civil air: 4 major transport aircraft Airfields: 63 total, 55 usable; 4 with permanent-surface runways; 1 with runway 2,440-3,659 m, 24 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: fair system of radiocommunication stations for intercity links; principal center N'Diamena, secondary center Sarh; satellite ground station; 5,000 telephones (0.1 per 100 popl.); 1 AM station, no FM station DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 1,074,000; 556,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (20) annually about 44,000 Supply: dependent on France primarily Military budget: for fiscal year ending 31 December 1977, $22.2 million; about 33% of total budget LAND (See reference map lV) 756,626 kmQ; . 2% cultivated, 7% other arable, 15% permanent pasture, grazing, 29% forest, 47% barren mountains, deserts, and cities Land boundaries: 6,325 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 3 nm (fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 6,435 km PEOPLE Population: 11,091,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 1.5% (current) Nationality: noun-Chilean(s); adjective-Chilean Ethnic divisions: 95% European stock and mixed European with some Indian admixture, 3% Indian, 2% other Religion: 89% Roman Catholic, 11% Protestant Language: Spanish Literacy: 90% (1977) Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Labor force: 3.0 million total employment (1979); 20% agricultural, 22% industry and construction, 22% services, 15% commerce, 3% mining, 6% transportation, 12% other (1979) Organized labor: 25% of labor force (1973) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Chile Type: republic Capital: Santiago Political subdivisions: 12 regions plus one metropolitan district, 41 provincial subdivisions Legal system: based on Code 1857 derived from Spanish law and subsequent .codes influenced by French and Austrian law; new constitution approved September 1980, plebiscite goes into effect in 1981; the constitution provides for continued direct rule until 1989, then a phased return to full civilian rule by 1997; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; legal education at University of Chile, Catholic University, and several others; has not accepted compulsory ICJ jurisdiction National holiday: Independence Day, 18 September Branches: four-man Military-Police Junta, which ex- executive powers to President of Junta; the President has .announced a plan for transition from military to civilian rule by 1989; Congress dissolved; civilian judiciary remains .Government leader: President, Maj? Gen. Augusto PINOCHET Ugarte; other Junta members, Adm. Jose Toribio MERINO Castro, Brig. Gen. Fernando MATTHEI Aubel, Gen. Cesar MENDOZA Duran Suffrage: none Elections: prohibited by decree; all electoral registers were destroyed in 1974 Political parties and leaders: Christian Democratic Party (PDC), Andres Zaldivar and Eduardo Frei; National Party (PN), Sergio Onofre Jarpa; PDC and (PN) are officially recessed; Popular Unity coalition parties (outlawed)- Party (PS), Clodomiro Almeyda and Carlos Altamirano (both in exile); Radical Party (PR); Christian Left (IC); United Popular Action Movement (MAPU); Independent Popular Action (API) Voting strength (1970 presidential election): 36.6% Popular Unity coalition, 35.3% conservative independent, 28.1% Christian Democrat; (1973 Congressional election) 44% Popular Unity coalition, 56% Democratic Confed- eration (PDC and PN) Communists: 248,000 when PCCh was legal in 1973; active militants now estimated at about 20,000 Other political or pressure groups: organized labor; business organizations; landowners' associations (SNA- Sociedad National de Agricultural); Catholic church; ex- treme leftist, Movc ~~nt of Revolutionary Left (MIR), outlawed; rightist, Patri.. y Libertad (PyL), outlawed Member of: CIPEC, ECOSOC, FAO,- G-77, GATT, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IDB, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, IPU, ITU, LAFTA, OAS, SELA, U. N., UNESCO; UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WSG, WTO ECONOMY GDP: $18.9 billion (1979), $1,740 per capita; 81% private consumption, 12% government consumption; 11% gross investment, -4% net imports and factor payments abroad; real growth rate (1979), 6.8% Agriculture: main crops-wheat, potatoes, corn, rice, sugar beet, onions, beans, fruits; about 90% self-sufficient; 2,650 calories per day per capita (1971 .est.) Fishing: catch 2.3 million metric tons (1979); exports $250 million (1979) Major industries: copper, other minerals, foodstuffs, fish processing, transportation equipment, iron and steel, pulp, paper, and forestry products Crude steel: 0.7 million metric tons capacity (1979); 641,600 metric tons produced (1979) Electric power: 2,775,000 kW capacity (1977); 10.5 billion kWh produced (1978), 980 kWh per capita Exports: $3.8 billion (f.o.b., 1979); copper, iron ore, paper products, fishmeal, fruits, basic metal products, wood products Imports: $4.2 billion (c.i.f., 1979); petroleum, wheat, sugar, cotton, textiles, plastics, capital goods, chemicals, vehicles Major -trade partners: exports-38% EC, 25% LAFTA, 11% U.S., 11% Japan; imports-25% LAFTA, 23% U.S., 18% EC, 8% Japan (1979) Budget: $4.8 billion revenues, $4.4 billion expenditures (1979) Monetary conversion rate: 39 pesos=US$1, fixed since 30 June 1979 Fiscal year: calendar year COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: 6,361 km total; 3,111 km 1.676-meter gage, 135 km standard gage (1.435 m), 3,115 km meter gage (1.00 m) Highways: 75,200 km total; 9,000 km paved, 38,200 km gravel, 28,000 km improved and unimproved earth Inland waterways: 725 km Pipelines: crude oil, 755 km; refined products, 785 km; natural gas, 320 km Ports: 10 major, 20 minor Civil air: 24 major transport aircraft Airfields: 351 total, 340 usable; 46 with permanent- surface runways; 8 with runways 2,440-3,659 m, 53 with runways 1,220-2,439 m Telecommunications: modern telephone system based on extensive radio-relay facilities; 483,000 telephones (4.5 per 100 popl.); 1 Atlantic Ocean satellite station; 2 domestic satellite stations; 180 AM, 30 Flvt, and 72 TV stations Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 DEFENSE FORCES ? Military manpower: males 15-49, 2,797,000; 2,109,000 fit for military service; average number reaching military age (19) annually about. 114,000 CHINA LAND 9.6 million km2; 11% cultivated, sown area extended by multicropping, 78% desert, waste, or urban (32% of this area consists largely of denuded wasteland, plains, rolling hills, and basins from which about 3% could be reclaimed), 8% forested; 2%-3% inland water Land boundaries: 24,000 km WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm Coastline: 14,500 km PEOPLE Population: 1,034,364,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 1.4% (current) Nationality: noun-Chinese (sing., pl. ); adiective- Chinese Ethnic divisions: 94% Han Chinese; 6% Chuang, Uighur, Hui, Yi, Tibetan, Miao, Manchu; Mongol, Pu-I, Korean,- and numerous lesser nationalities Religion: most people, even before 1949, have been pragmatic and eclectic, not seriously religious; most impor- tant elements of religion are Confucianism, Taoism; Buddhism, ancestor worship; about- 2%-3% Muslim; 1% Christian Language: Chinese (Mandarin mainly; .also .Cantonese, Wu, Fukienese, Amoy, Hsiang, Kan, Hakka dialects), and minority languages (see ethnic divisions above) Literacy: at least 25% Labor force: est. 400 million (mid-1979); 75% agriculture, 25% other; shortage of skilled labor (managerial, technical, mechanics, etc.); surplus of unskilled labor GOVERNMENT Legal name:',People's Republic of China Type: Communist state; real authority lies with Communist party's political bureau; the National People's Congress, in theory the highest organ of government, in reality merely rubber stamps the party's programs; the State Council is the actual governing organism Capital: Beijing (Peking) Political subdivisions: 21 provinces, 3 centrally governed municipalities, and 5 autonomous regions Legal system: before 1966, a complex amalgam of custom and statute, largely criminal; little ostensible development of uniform code of administrative and civil law; highest iudicial organ is Supreme People's Court, which reviews local court decisions; laws and legal procedure clearly subordinated to priorities of party policy; whole system largely suspended during Cultural Revolution, but has been revived; new. legal codes in -effect 1 January 1980 National holiday: National Day, 1 October Branches: prior to 1966 control was exercised by Chinese Communist Party, through State Council, which supervised more than 50 ministries, commissions, bureaus, etc., all technically under the standing committee of the National People's Congress; this system broke down under "Cultural Revolution" pressures but has been largely restored Government ,leader: Premier of State Council, Zhao Ziyang; government subordinate to central committee of CCP Suffrage: universal over age 18, though this is academic Elections: elections held for People's Congress representa- tives at county level Political parties and leaders: Chinese Communist Party (CCP), headed by Hua Guofeng; Hua is .Chairman of Central Committee; a new central committee was formed at . the 11th Party Congress .held in August 1977 Voting strength:.100% Communist for practical purposes; no political nonconformity permitted Communists: about 37 million party members in 1977 Other political or,pressure groups: army (PLA) remains a maior, force, although many soldiers who acquired a wide range . of -civil political-administrative duties during the Cultural Revolution have been removed; many veteran civilian .officials, in eclipse since the Cultural Revolution, have been reinstated; mass organizations, such as the trade unions and the youth league, have been rebuilt Member of: FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IHO, ILO, IMCO, IMF, ITU, Red Cross, U. N., UNESCO, UPU, WHO, WMO, other international bodies ECONOMY GNP: $517 billion (1979), $510 per capita Agriculture: main crops-rice, corn, wheat, miscellaneous grains, cotton;' caloric intake, 2,000 calories per day per capita (1978); agriculture mainly subsistence; grain imports 10.9 million metric tons in 1979 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Declassified and Approved For Release 2012/08/20 :CIA-RDP08-005348000100160001-5 Major industries: iron and steel, coal; machine building, armaments, textiles, petroleum Shortages: complex machinery .and equipment, highly skilled scientists and technicians, electricity Crude steel:. 34.48 million. metric tons produced, 30 kg per capita (1979) Electric power: 57 million kW capacity (1979); 280 billion kWh produced (1979), 275 kWh per capita Exports: $13.8 billion (f.o.b., 1979); agricultural products, oil, minerals and metals, manufactured goods Imports: $14.5 billion (c.i.f., 1979); grain, chemical fertilizer, steel, industrial raw materials, machinery and equipment Major trade partners: Japan, Hong Kong, U.S:, West Germany, Romania, Australia, Canada; U.K., France, U.S.S.R. (1979) Monetary conversion rate:. as of 9 September 1980, about 1.46 Yuan=US$1 (arbitrarily established) Fiscal year: calendar year.. COMMUNICATIONS Railroads: networks total about 50,000 route km common-carrier lines; about 600 km meter gage (1.00 m); rest standard gage (1.435 m); all single track except 9,200 km double track on standard gage lines; approximately 1,100 km electrified; about 10,000 km industrial. lines (gages range from 0.762 to 1.435 m) Highways: about 890,000 km all types roads; almost lialf (about 350,000 km) unimproved natural earth roads and tracks; about 280,000 km improved earth roads about .2- to 5-meters wide and in poor to fair condition; remainder (about 260,000.km) includes majority of principal roads Ports: 10 major, approximately 180 minor Airfields: 373 total; 255 with permanent surface runways; 11 with runways 3,500 m and over; 63 with runways 2,500 to 3,499 m; 229 with runways 1,200 to 2,499 m; 62 with runways less than 1,200 m; 2 seaplane stations; 6 airfields un- der construction DEFENSE FORCES Military manpower: males 15-49, 262,686,000, about 146,821,000 fit for military service; about 10,995,000 reach military age (18) annually COLOMBIA LAND 1,139,600 kmz; settled area 28% consisting of cropland and fallow 5%, pastures 14%, woodland, swamps, and water 6%, urban and other 3%; unsettled area 72%-mostly forest and savannah Land boundaries: 6,035- km . Farif Ocean:'. WATER Limits of territorial waters (claimed): 12 nm (economic including fishing 200 nm) Coastline: 2,414 km PEOPLE Population: 27,025,000 (January 1981), average annual growth rate 2.1% (current) Nationality: noun-Colombian(s); adjective-Colombian Ethnic divisions: 58% mestizo, 20% Caucasian, 14% mulatto, 4% Negro, 3% mixed Negro-Indian, 1% Indian Religion: 95% Roman Catholic Language: Spanish Literacy: 72-75% of population over 15 years old. Labor force: 5.9 million (1973); 30% agriculture, 15% industry, 19% services, 13% commerce/hotels, 18% other (1973); 18.5% unemployment (1979) Organized labor: 13% of labor force (1968) GOVERNMENT Legal name: Republic of Colombia Type: republic; executive branch dominates government structure Capital: Bogota - Political subdivisions: 22 departments, 3 Intendants, 5 Commissariats, Bogota Special District ~ Legal system: based on Spanish law; religious courts regulate marriage and divorce; constitution decreed in 1886, amendments codified in 1946 and 1968; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; .accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations National holiday: Independence Day, 30 July Branches: President, bicameral legislature, judiciary.. Government leader: President Julio -Cesar TURBAY Ayala Suffrage: age 18 .and over Elections: every fourth year; last presidential .and congressional elections June 1978; municipal and depart- mental elections every 2 years, last held February 1978 - ,::: - ~; i * Bogota :

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FACTBOOK 1981