SERVICES OF COMMON CONCERN INTRODUCTION

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP61S00750A000700020006-5
• Release Decision: RIPPUB
• Original Classification: S
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 9, 2016
• Document Release Date: August 24, 1999
• Sequence Number: 6
• Content Type: REPORT

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Security InformatTon
SERVICES- OF COMMON CONCERN
INTRODUCTION
47'
Since this subject involves one of the five s
ponsibilities of the DCI. it is possibly of sufficient
ortance to be discussed here for that reason alone. It
however, a subject more suggestive of the round table
and the specialist than of the lecture platform and the
Inclusive audience.
interest
to each of you, particularly in that it can only be meanin-
fully discussed in terms of
in
resting
matters as personalities, organizati and ,
First. some history:
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1 Rarbor shocked the government into the realisation
that something was wrong with its orlaniaation-gee in
sue
a ea
e could be inflicted with stch surprise. Rememberin
Pearl Harbor and other
hue experiences, (including those of the
Office of Strategic Services) the arellitects of the National Security Act
of 1947 theoretically could have cured the government's deficient
organization for intelligence by a single intelligence agency to serve
all the needs of
This was not done, however, primarily because it was
in close eonjunetio
planning and operations, Giv
specialized intelligence units
y and political
y continued ezistrce
her of separate intelligence organizations, the primary reqnire.
intent was in provide a leadership which could relate and integrate
those organizations, be uniquely responsible to a single
and establish a framework within which there could gradually evolve a
rationalization of intelligence activities so as to achieve greater
efficiency and better in
it for national security needs
and purposes. That leadership was provided for in Title I of the Act
which, significantly,
dination for National
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The leadership provided by the laws best understood in terms of the
resulting responsibilities of the DCI and the departnental intelligence
chiefs,
As as already been pointed out in this conference, there are
vas
sibilities
of Centr
Intelligence: (I) to advise the NSt.., on intelligence activities; (2) to -nett
r c
or their coordi
(3) to produce national
intelligence; (4) "to perforni, for the benefit of the existing intelligence
anal ? vices of common concern as the National
Security Council determines can be more effici
complished
centrally." and (5) to perform other functions as directed.
The Lou
speaks of yang such
sibility (which is the only one I have quo
cern,
f*nctionsof
rd "additional- implies
C S
"additional is not found
statements
ector of Central IntelUtence. The use of the
es enumerated earlier are also
'ces of common concern, or at the very least that the duty stated
y prior is also a service of common concern. On inspectio ,
the duty to correlate and e elligence relattng
urity, i.e., production of national intelligence. The
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instrument whereby this service is performed in our syste
es and its Board of National
Wbile this function has to date not beengenerally recognized a a serce
of common concern, it is quite clear from the Statute that it
ecognized. for in fact it is such a ser
that, ever since the reorg
production
a
?
der G
live to note
the
ence estimates has been conducted in a
manner in keeping with. the co cern concept. For example, the
procedures which have been developed for the production of an esti
through the final s
C consideration and approval diasent, pay
due regard to one at the main concerns o early in the evolution of
the common concernconcept, namely: that such services should be
conduc
regard to maintaining suitable conditions of res
other departments. The struggle
ocedures and
to get CIA to recognize such conditions of responsibility occupied the
energies of the in
e agencies d ultimately of the Duties
oral Smith's
ation.
5. The second duty (namely, to rsconrnend to the NSC for the
is
coordination of intelligence activities) I believe, also a service of common
concern. Th DCI has the responsibility to take the initiative in examining
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agencies (and
or
5-
e benefit of the community) the relatin
ships of the system and in so doing to develop recommendations to the
NSC with the concurrence f the Intelligence Advisoiy Committee,or t)
secure agreement of the agencies concerned where the problems can be
disposed of on their own authority. Since its earlier days, the Agency
rging this
open and re
as well as from
Dir c 's
$
a
vir
titles, a Staff to assist the Director in
. Today it is known as
cc of In
ice or Staff can only do its job if it holds itself
le to deal. with problems from e other aencies
of CIA. Practically all of the NSC intelligence
been evolved with the advice and assistance of the
coordination, whatever its title at the time,
Staff has been responsible taking the lead in most ne o
the de
talents and agencies leading to coordination of ac
a
ong
t statutory duty advise the NSC in matter eoncering
government)
duty, and in carrying it out, the
guishabie in practice
enjoined by be
NSCID to indicate the concurrence or non-concurrenceof the IAC
cc d submitting recommendations.
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pretation? the purpose of the
y.
baes of experience.
system by creating additional services of
common concern s needed. (Those who wish to find in this phrase
' services of common concern which frequently infuse a
legal term will be disa
no tradition in cmxxo
is not a phrase of art having
tory law pr
r to the Act of
47.)
In fact, the subtleties of the phrase arise less from the legalaspects
than In the administrative sense, t is, its meaning in terms of the
developing functional responsibilities of the departments and of the CIA.
E
944 and at wart were clearly pointed toward
device which would meet the practical problems then lam
the intelligence agencies. In 1946, in imple
'r
establishing as an'initial principal office of the Central Intelligence
Group" a Central Intelligence Servises" unit which was to include such
operating agencies as might thereafter be established by the Authority.
Intelligence Authority issued its directive
r in the year,
the DCI shonid undertake
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arch and analysis in order to define what functions were not
rformed, on the basis
might cern production activities as were
ed d be best done centrally.
. That these es in the Act are closely interrelated
m a study of the NSCIDs. These directives, of
16, supplement and implement the Act. In the
d1ectiv
of the NSC, the DCI is directed
surveyscb and inspections of departmental in
materials as he may deem necessary in connection
NSC ad
primarily strength
4 that primary dep
ratio
as
ce
t duty
second one (to make recommendation
rdination). The implication is that this shall be done cooperatiicly
To induce, and as an aid tosuch cooperatior
created a mechanism,the Intelligence Advisory Committee. The
e purpose of such coordination should be
e over-all gover
once structure
should be rev)
of the Central Intelligence Agency'.
9. These comments are basic to an understanding of the
attitude which it was ezwcted the DCI should take as he apiroached
his fourth responsib
it
-providing services of common conce
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community. In a sense. these NSC injunctions are Ii
ti
restrictions on the possibility that amight approach the problem
by rationalising t tall governmentalintelligence activitie
to be done cen
10. Bel
and those which seem to be emerging,it is clear that their establishment
has not been a matter of the unilateral judgment of the DCI but in the
first instance, has been a matter for agreement reached among those
h them ore efficiently.
ar existing services of common c
COT71 e
affected. It might be
S ill aid to focus sing on our analysis
rvices of common concern to state in advance
a.
generaliza
Ilia such analysis may suggest. These are:
ajar efforts of the DCPs recommendations
the coordination of activities have resulted in the establish
meat of services of comm.?
ern (which now constitute the
ninittrative responsibilities).
aboul so conduct and manage other
responsibilities as to permit their possible evolution into
icr vices of common concern.
c.
common concern there is
to perform services of
companion responsib
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to coordinate activities within defined areas. (this responsi
bility being distinct * nsibility to recommend
the SC with respect to coordination),
4. That thcse es which have been specifically
assigned by the NSC as services of common concern have to
ence information colJectio
e on the one hand and inteliiszence prod
on the other.
That assi
ants te the Agency to perforia3
of common concern have corns about because:
1) The services were marginal, but net dispense-
ntelligence steeds of individual departments
and yet were recognised to be of value to the comprehensive
intelligence system.
Leing marginal to individual departments,
services were adversely affected by departmental
rt or danger of security breech
erforming the service
centrally.
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Those services of common concern wMcb
primary departmental responsibilities the least have boon the
oasis,* for CIA to admfMter. insofar as r ations with the
other depsatments are concerned.
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ittfonnatIoN
11.
ri of the way in which each of the
se cos of common concern in turn evolved will partially ill
going generalizations. Thus it pill be noted that the
STXTSP EC
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emir ty in ormatiON
STATSPEC
STATSPEC
13. Wherea t the beginning there were doubts among cc
of the agencies
service welltoday it is highly regarded for the efficientay in hich
MC had the competence to
14. In contrast to the non-competitive environment in which
N5CID6 was evolved, the development of the exploitation o lc
sources of foreign
igence inter ion as a service GI: con rizzon
concern was a protracted and often acrimonious negotiation.:ere he
desirability for centralisation lay in the dangers to the security and
prestige of the government through multiple agency contacts with thk.
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same US citissns or business firms having foreign positive intelligence
25X1 C
15.
There was also
the posreportssibility secured kr
enact would be inadequately disseminated
ould be duilicadon of effort and waste of funds. These
an initial r?and-half period of coordination of the
collection efforts and the establishment of a co mon
IA was able to demonstrate that not only could tis
d more efficiently con
could satisfy the consumer needs *deg
FBI
t also that it
it 'as aiso
di close collaboration, the risk of
their sources could be reduced to a
concern. Ls te
y of e agencies estahl
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service. It sets forth in dets.il the conditions of responsibility to th
rved. it is also fle3dble in that. while placing the excinsiv
responsibility on CIA for dom.sUc espial n. it provides Lor CIA to
17. Who
mentioned I
of perfornsi
scientIfic *1
een
agency repressntaUvei aud
p s servicesof common concern
vs been preclusiye, & variation occ
I.
maintaining
d technolegic per,
$ reference to the c
sphical data
es. in NSC
it oaraaraol
ave
p
dole.
The directive goes on to say that the departmental agencies abut continue
to collect, analyse and abstract such data for their own needs. CIA on
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all so
a &WO* of
'dn is directed to codLfy and index suchdata received from
d make them readily available to
? ForP
?
a cies. Here there Is a rev) 'on
Ulgence system could be strengthened by
be harmed by co
15. The effect of this directive has been to provide greater
budgetary support for this unction within * Agency previously.
And as the function has produced systematically such compilations
Ce and ed its current rn
Ca
agencies have tended to depend more and more on this service, thereby
reducing
cos devoted to this subject. It would probably
net new be necessary.t might well one day be appropriate
the word "primary."
19. lncoonect
little can
NSCID-5, which
vs
-by-case description of services
presentation, r.garding
clandestine service o
r, can and might well be said: fi
less preclusive
Two
ctive is
st titre, as it recognizes the needs af Theatre
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clandestine services in th.e circumstances has been a knotty and a:
yet unresolved problem, Second. the "suitable conditions" of respou
btlity to the departments and s served have been in large part
vet
C..
an 1 C subcommittee
d ar ela
also ?vith some
TIC* to the Cl
20. Reference shodd be mad, at this point to the fact that
rectives relating to de c s.( SC/D's 13 and 14.) at first
terms
a.te se*vices of common concern, because of the
of the instructions
rums of eer subject,ad that thee. directLve
would be
t is b
propriately considerdd as extensions or
clandestine services as enanci
council intelligence threctives
The de c
f the contact division and the
ir respective national security
7 and 5, previously mentioned.
o new res
21. Under the system created
define
as amplified ir
NSCID4, economic intelligence is produced by each as
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true of scientific and technical in
its need. This is
National
resulting
zp
a*)
ea ? of the disparate
s in economic intelligence. the
C.
este the Agency to prodnc., as a
erAign economic intelligence as 18
a Of
the LAC. In addition. CIA is
the &eve
view
economic knowl
brought to bear on inipor
to Adfill requests o
nts for such econoiidc
evalop regular pro
oes involving national
y gaps in foreign economic data.
core of the functions of CIA thus are seen to be
defined in the Act or those defined
common comer*
centrally.
23. One can ask hews ex, what aboul other functions now per
by CIA, specificaily the reference function for intelligence maderiale, the
org
r in
oils.. the establishment
car they can be more efficiently accoreplis
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and c
s,
M. As for foreign decumbent*, r iiISCID-16 which does not
rr*ace in its prnxrkbi. to the service of common concern
raph of the Act, and effort has been made to strengthen the
iecing function and the eitatlon of foreign language publications
a primary (bet not ?
Or
e process
that the DCI shall c
I CO
t be c
those activities.
45. Under NSCID.S, sack agencyis permitted to produce
ilogical intelligence in accordance wit
strengthen scisnttflc intelligence as a
0 resulted In the establishment of CL
The DCPs
An anent
to
CIA by.
Vt
diffic %tit e
This document places primary
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tk111.ity infrirrahcfd
e *ries of scientific intelligence on CL.-A
vices with an injunction to cooperate in the marginal or
ci
. It would a
ibis to establish
cause of the
a prevision somewhat along the lines of N'
ZS. Cerrent biteiligence ii performed by the Agency to assist
ging his responsibiUty to the Preaident under
, to correlate and evaluate. However, under
IkISCID-3. each Agency is permitted to have current
, its own
unwise.
federal intelligence tys
applied with respect to
Toes
e to meet
actical and
in time current intelligence in the
UI be rmAlaseable in ways not unlike those
telligenc es
solved the gove
I's intelligence problem
le intelligence agency to meet all the needs of the
tthey did t is clearfrom the Act and whthey
e been saying.
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Z7. The
?
er0 create a new agency. and they gave it
T AL. Intelligence Agency." I say this is
Ageneytis central only in that it is the
stem of interdependent intelligence agencisi.
It is also "central' in one other sense. namely: insofar as it perfe 1113
&heat which I trust we now Vnow little
re. A wider understanding of this limited character of this
? do too nauc .
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