SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS 1956

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 51
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 17, 2006
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: July 14, 1955
• Content Type: OPEN

0Q611 1 SIA-RDP63T0 24-11 R000100180005-6
Ii,' pt" , 01A3
permitted to 'sit this afternoon during
general del)`ate.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Colo-
rado?
Mr.,tIOSMER. Mr. Speaker, I object.
OM MEMBERS OF ARMED
r. COOPER, from the Committee on
705, Rept. No. 1175) to extend for 3
y pars the existing privilege of free im-
SUPPLEMENTAL APPROPRIATIONS,
1956
Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, I move
that the House resolve itself into the
Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the Union for the consideration
of the bill (H. R. 7278) making supple-
mental appropriations for the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1956, and for other pur-
poses; and pending that motion, Mr.
Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that
general debate proceed not to exceed 4
hours.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Mis-
souri?
Mr. TABER. Mr. Speaker, reserving
the right to object, there is nothing in
the request about the control of the time.
The SPEAKER. The Chair is sure
that that is understood.
Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, I sup-
plement that with the request that the
time be equally divided, half to be con-
trolled by the gentleman from New York
[Mr. TABER] and half by myself.
Mr. TABER. Further reserving the
right to object, Mr, Speaker, is it expect-
ed that the bill will be concluded today?
The SPEAKER. It depends on how
fast the committee in charge of it works.
Mr. TABER. That is what I was try-
ing to do.
The SPEAKER. It is hoped that it
may be completed today.
Mr. TABER. It seems to me that 3
hours would be sufficient to cover what-
ever we would need on the bill. I won-
der if the gentleman could not reduce
that request to 3 hours.
Mr, CANNON. Mr. Speaker, I have a
number of requests for time. The re-
quest is not to exceed 4 hours. If we can
conclude it in 3 hours or 2 hours or 1
hour, I would be very happy. We shall
consume no more time than is absolutely
necessary.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Mis-
souri [Mr. CANNON]?
There was no objection.
The SPEAKER. The question is on
the motion.
The motion was agreed to.
Accordingly the House resolved itself
into the Committee of the Whole House
on the State of the Union for the con-
sideration of the bill (H. R. 7278) mak-
ing supplemental appropriations for the
SIO AL RECORD - HOUSE 9013
Afiscal year ending June 30, 1956, and for
other purposes, with Mr. MILLS in the
chair.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
By unanimous consent, the first read-
ing of the bill was dispensed with.
The CHAIRMAN. Under the unani-
mous-consent agreement, the gentleman
from Missouri [Mr. CANNON] will be rec-
ognized for 2 hours, and the gentleman
from New York [Mr. TABER] will be rec-
ognized for 2 hours.
The Chair recognizes the gentleman
from Missouri.
Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I
yield 15 minutes to the gentleman from
Michigan [Mr. RABAUT].
Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, with
malice toward nobody but with determi-
nation to do my duty as I see it, I want
to report to this House that yesterday I
appeared before the Committee on Rules,
as was the request of the full Committee
on Appropriations. I told the Committee
on Rules that this bill was filled with
paragraphs that were subject to points of
order; that the bill probably contained
very few pages where a ruling could be
denied against points of order, and the
bill would be bad. I said there were so
few pages that I limited it to about four
pages that would not be subject to a
point of order.
I read to the committee a prepared
statement and said the bill contained
many of the paragraphs that were in the
final supplemental bill as handled by the
Committee on Appropriations every year,
and that a rule is usually granted.
The gentleman from New York [Mr.
TABER], the gentleman from California
[Mr. PHILLIPS], and the gentleman from
Wisconsin [Mr. DAVIS] were present and
opposed a rule. Mr. DAVIS lent his moral
support.
Past history always allowed a rule. To
my surprise the committee failed to act,
and we find ourselves with a bill involv-
ing approximately $1,650,000. Twelve
subcommittees of the Committee on Ap-
propriations worked on this bill, prac-
tically the entire membership of 50; the
hearings comprise several volumes, yet
under the situation the House will not
be able to work its will as to accepting or
rejecting the many provisions and
amounts in this bill before us because a
point of order would lie in most instances.
Rather than to have a field day on
points of order I intend to ask unani-
mous consent to ask for deletion from
the bill of all the paragraphs subject to
a point of order so the House may work
its will on that part of the bill on which
the decision of the Rules Committee per-
mits us to function. This will represent
a big saving in time and much useless
talk.
I regret that under the circumstances
the normal procedure of originating an
appropriation bill in the House in this
instance, due to the denial of a rule,
passes over to the other body. We pass
over to them our prerogative of initiat-
ing appropriation bills. It will be en-
trusted in this instance to the Senate.
This, incidentally, is probably a new
inconvenience to the House as a result
of the Dixon-Yates fiasco. Previous to
the consideration of the public-works
appropriation bill on the floor, of the
House, Republican Members held two
caucuses, and there is no denial of the
fact that they were concerned over
Dixon-Yates. As a result, when the
public-works appropriation bill came to
the floor of the House, we had a demon-
stration of logrolling never equaled in
my long years of service in this body,
and there was pork on both sides of the
aisle. The committee completely lost
control under the policy of "You rub my
back and I'll scratch yours." As a re-
sult, we took the bill to the Senate with
little or no grounds on which to argue
with that body, inasmuch as, living in
a glass house, we were unable to throw
a stone. That there is a connection be-
tween Dixon-Yates and that which is
taking place here today there is no doubt.
Then, when the public-works bill
emerged from the Senate-House con-
ference we had the camel's nose under
the tent with new expenditures that
eventually will hit proportions of from
$10 billion to $20 billion. And to-
day with a bill up for consideration in
the sum of $1,650,000,000, approxi-
mately, we still hear the echo of the
Dixon-Yates controversy. I think they
are now talking about settlement of
the controversy with damages running
into a few million of dollars and the
word being spread around is to be liberal.
So there seems to be no need under the
circumstances for the House to waste
its time since we come without a rule on
a bill that could prove of no use to us
or to those who sought to embarrass the
50 members of the Appropriations Com-
mittee who worked long and hard, as is
evidenced by the testimony compiled in
several volumes before us. So this is
my notice that I intend to cite the para-
graphs that are subject to points of or-
der and ask for their deletion from this
bill.
Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield
myself 5 minutes.
Mr. Chairman, I opposed the rule be-
cause there was a paragraph in the bill
that I felt was not proper, and I do
not believe that the Members of the
House will feel it is proper if they read
it. When that point is reached I pro-
pose to offer a point of order against it.
On the other hand, there are in the
bill an enormous number of items, as
always appear in a supplemental bill
at the end of the session, that contain
language that makes them particularly
subject to a point of order. Those para-
graphs have been before the House time
after time and very seldom, if ever, have
points of order been raised against them.
Frankly, I do not see how we can
meet our responsibility in connection
with the Government without considera-
tion of a very large number of items that
are covered in this bill. I cannot under-
stand just why any Member of the House
would feel that he should want to make
a point of order against an item unless
that item was, in his opinion, against the
interests of the Government. That will
be my approach to the problem and I
will confine my points of order to what
I believe may not be in the interests of
the Government.
With that statement, I shall feel
obliged to object to an omnibus request
d,i
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For Reletfft 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
r4k
Vullk CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
July 14
to be made before the reading of the they could destroy at the first blow 53 We have fallen on evil days. We can-
individual paragraphs. of our major cities, including Washing- not defend our own nationals. We do
Mr. CANNON, Mr. Chairman, the ton. The only defense that has been not dare to assert our national integrity
United States-its Government-its in- suggested is evacuation.
stitutions-and its people are in dire Thunder t
dthe most insulting circumstanced down
Aerican danger. General President
Brownell this
to conduct a study of then they came In as if they had plane
knocked
They are confronted by the greatest, methods of invoking martial law, gov- us down on the street and said, "Well,
the most powerful, the most ruthless, the ernment by the Army, over the entire we'll pay half of your hospital bill."
most modern, military organization in country. Nothing could more vividly and They say, "We'll pay half of the loss of
the history of the world-ready to attack more emphatically delineate the situa- your plane." And they laugh behind
at the first sign of weakness. tion in which we find ourselves-the their hands, and all of the communistic
The Bolsheviks have announced, and danger of the country today than the world takes note that we dare not call
it has been their position from the be- study of this stark measure of last re- them to time. Here were international
ginning, that communism and democracy course. Only the most imminent Po- criminals of the worst order destroying
cannot live side by side and they they tential menace could have prevailed on our planes in time of peace, and we did
propose to take over by force and vio- the head of the government to resort to not dare resent it.
lence the rights and property of every such significant measures.
people in the free world, as they have al- Speaker. Mr. won the last war.
y And the President has moved none too We e did not not negotiate with the enemyy.
ready taken over the satellite nations soon. Russia today has military su- We called them in and said, "These are
which surround them. periority over all the combined powers of the terms of
It has not only been their open objec- the entire free world. They have more line." And heye signed.onBut today
tive, their philosophy, their program, but modern submarines by far.
bands lawless ands busb-
they have steadily and consistently or- Within the last fortnight we are told whackoAmeric nbcitizens rand rwe say,
ganized and drilled armies, and equipped it has just been discovered that Russia "Now, now, now, you ought not to do
them with modern armament, in order to has superiority In numbers and design that. Be nice. Let us have a truce."
be in a position to carry out that objec- of planes with which to deliver the But we have to wait for months even to
tive at the first opportunity, atomic bomb around the globe. They
get We are in danger not of defeat; not of have acres of modern tanks. They have Mr. Cha r1 man. that it was not the in-
a situation which can be retrieved in a manpower which the free world can- trepid valor of our troops that won that
case of disaster. We face extermina- not approach. Within 30 to 60 days war. It was not the superb generalship
tion. they could sweep every free nation from of the American command that won that
The Russian dictatorship still adheres the continent. war. to the Marxian philosophy of world rev- And this situation is deplorably lulls- the Americanrit the patriotic people that suwon that
pport of
olution and proletarian dictatorship. It trated by the supine attitude of the war-it was the-superiority of American
is arming and has continued to arm United States Government today. science that won the war and ended the
feverishly. Their factories running In Ah. you will remember, Mr. Speaker, war, It was the landing duck; it was
three 8-hour shifts per day, are prepar- under the administration of Theodore the proximity fuze; It was the all-seeing
Ing to take over America, to destroy our Roosevelt, a foreign power detained one radar; it was the atomic bomb that won
cities, to drive what is left of our popu- private American citizen and President that war against European nations
lation into concentration camps and Teddy Roosevelt sent one message. He which had always insisted, and which
slave-labor barracks. Do not say It can- said, "Pericardia alive or Raisouli dead." the world had always conceded, were
not be done. It has taken place before And in 6 hours that American citizen superior In research, and leaders in every
our eyes in Russia and every Russian was released, scientific field of development and in-
conquest. Mr. MCCORMACK, the majority leader, vention. American science coming from
And, they have driven a knife between placed in the RECORD this week a long behind created the scientific instruments
us and our allies. In every former war list of civilian and military personnel, and agencies that won the war.
we have had powerful allies who held including priests, rabbis, ministers, nuns. It was the TVA that made these sca-
the enemy in check until we could get now detained without any authority of entific achievements possible. We could
ready, until we could mobilize and pre- law whatever and in contravention of all not have developed them; we could not
pare. Today every potential ally is under international jurisprudence-American have developed the bomb or the alumi-
the guns of the Communist regime. citizens-and we do not dare to send num for the wings of the planes that
They could not survive 24 hours against the Roosevelt telegram.
the barrage of atomic weapons which You will remember that when they thcarried the hd it not been for
e TVA. A dins his moment of dire
Russia is prepared to launch within an sank the Maine President McKinley de- national peril, confronted by the most
hour or sooner. clared war. No one ever knew whether menacing situation in the history of
And therein lies our greatest danger. the Maine was sunk by accident or by American arms, there are those who are
War has developed so drastically that a military enemy, but on the mere sus- moving to shackle TVA so that they can
It is now largely matter of who gets in picion that a foreign power had sunk have more dividends, so they can prof-
the first blow. The battleship Is now as an American ship in neutral waters we steer on the American consumer.
obsolete as the bow and arrow. The declared war. Why are they opposed to TVA? Why
mighty Missouri is a museum piece. At You remember the Lusitanfa. She do they seek to destroy REA and AEC?
one time our first line of defense, the was not an American vessel. She sailed Oh, they say it would create a Govern-
battleship and heavy naval guns, devel- under the flag and the commission of ment monopoly. No; statements like
oped to a point where the ship that got another nation, but we had a few Amerl- that are as obviously false as any state-
in the first shot, that made the first hit, can citizens on board, and on the ment made by the Russian Government.
was practically in control of the situa- strength of that Insult to our national When our armies closed in on Japan,
tion. honor Congress declared war, when hundreds of thousands of Ameri-
To practically the same extent today Just the other day Russia deliberately can boys were poised for the drive in
a Nation with sufficient bombs and the shot down an American plane under which vast numbers of them would sure-
planes to deliver them can with one conditions about which there could be ly die, at that supreme moment one
stroke simultaneously attacking every no question whatever. They did not American plane with material supplied
center of communication, production, deny It. There was no excuse. What by TVA power-with one atomic bomb
transportation, and population, so para- did we say? We said, "Oh, don't pay which could not have been made without
lyze us that there could be no recupera- any attention to that. It was merely a TVA power-ended the war.
tion. The theory of retaliation upon local incident." What would Teddy TVA saved the. boys and sent them
which we have depended so strongly in Roosevelt have said to that? What home to their families; TVA saved bil-
recent years is no longer applicable. would McKinley have said? What lions of dollars to the American taxpay-
Our military authorities tell us that with would the American Congress, which ers; TVA ended the war. But they say
a simultaneous attack with weapons declared the last World War, say about TVA should never have been built. It
which Russia now has at her command that? is socialistic. The natural resources of
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T005R000100180005-6
9015
~kw 1P55 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
the Tennessee Valley rivers belong to the Russian TVA and its products devastate in uniform both at home and abroad.
people. But they should be paying divi- 53 American cities-and tells Attorney our committee has urged those carry-
dends to private enterprise-to men like General Brownell to try to figure out a ing out the programs to concentrate on
Samuel Insull and Dixon and Yates. place where Congressmen can assemble necessary operational facilities, and
How can they justify such piracy? when Washington is destroyed-if there quarters for the soldiers, sailors, and
Oh, they say, "We want freedom." is a quorum left after the dust settles. airmen; that first priority be given these
What freedom? Freedom to plunder I appeal to the Congress to stop these items wherever possible.
the American consumer. men who are scheming, who are main- It is not practical to be arbitrary about
And they invariably wind up with taining here in Washington such vast various categories, because where in one-
"The Government is trying to establish lobbies, who are intimidating Members location a post theater, for example,
a monopoly." No more barefaced effort back in their districts in a way that might be in the nature of a luxury and
to deceive was ever made. We are op- amounts practically to blackmail, as you it may be that there are facilities that
posed to a government monopoly. We have seen in the last 2 or 3 weeks. They can be used, in other areas, if the post
believe in private enterprise. We de- are trying to take over TVA. But they happens to be far away from civilization,
mand that the private utilities control cannot do it unless this Congress grants if it happens to be in a locality where
at least 85 to 91 percent or more of the them the power to do it. there are no amusements available, it
business of production and distribution Mr. Chairman, will we in time of dire might be almost a necessity. So it is
of electric energy in the Nation. But national peril give an irresponsible pri- that in a program as vast as this, with so
dly
the last 2%2 percent at least, TVA and vate monopoly control of the economic the many thousand
approach items say it v hardly
REA municipal ownership, should be re- welfare of the Nation? to we
tained-TVA by the Government, REA Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield 7 approve any type of building across the
by the private cooperatives, farmer co- minutes to the gentleman from Mary- board because it does not come within
operatives, and municipal plants by the land [Mr. MILLER]. a certain priority category, when at a
cities which have built and developed Mr. MILLER of Maryland. Mr. Chair- particular location it might be far more
them. We must have these small yard- man, the portion of this bill to which I important than would seem to be the
sticks; we must have a policeman on the will address my comments has to do with case in another locality.
corner. The American consumer must military construction, which forms the The services, I think, are to be com-
be protected from exploitation and principal item as far as the money in- mended in that there is a program going
profiteering by the giant nationwide volved in this measure is concerned. Of forward and beginning to bear fruit of
private monopolies. the over $1.6 million provided by the standard types of construction to be used
"Oh," they say, "private monopolies various chapters, there is some $1.4 mil- for the most part in permanent installa-
cannot overcharge the consumer. We lion that has to do with military con- tions. A new type of barracks has been
have Government regulation." The trou- struction throughout the world set forth developed for 2 units rather than for 1
ble is that Government regulation never in chapter III. with a capacity of 327, I think it is, troops
regulates. We have an example of that While this comes to you in a supple- in the Army, and a similar program for
in my State. mental bill, that huge sum for military the installations on land in the other
Some years ago when competition be- construction is really an integral part of services. Standard types of bakeries, or
tweed buses and passenger trains-and our military program and would nor- post-exchange buildings, theaters, and so
between trucks and freight cars-be- mally come in the Defense Department forth, have been worked out, and the
came heated, a cry went up for the State appropriation bill for the current fiscal program is going forward with the effort
of Missouri to establish a public utili- year had it not been for the fact that the made to make living conditions and the,
ties commission to regulate passenger thousands of items involved had to be so-called fringe benefits better for the
fares and freight rates. And, thinking processed. It was only in recent weeks men in the service. One of the very
it would keep down transportation that the details of the needs requested important elements in this program is
charges, we agreed to it. were presented to our committee. It the housing program for dependents, and
.The first thing they did was to call in required long, hard sessions, but even so, there are a good many million dollars
bus companies and order them to the time was too short to adequately authorized to provide better living quar-
the
the bus fares. "But," said the bus cover such a large program. ters in proper localities for dependents
getting a good return One thing that you will note about the of those stationed in the area.
ccoomopaaniieses, " "we investment. arare We nare g making good setup with respect to this chapter is that This chapter having to do with the
included are projects the cost of which Department of Defense has received the
money at the present rates." "That has totals roughly 25 percent more than the most careful study of the subcommittee
nothing to do with it," said the public money that has been allotted by appro- during the limited time available. Of
utilities commission-the government priation or transfer. That unusual sit- necessity, it was impossible to analyze
regulation agency-"your rates are un- uation comes about due to the fact that the thousands of line items in great de-
fair competition with the railroads. the services believe that inevitably in a tail. However, I am confident that we
Raise your rates on the consumer." And program of this magnitude, which re- have brought you a sound bill and I urge
the buses raised rates that were already quires construction all over the conti- its passage.
producing an adequate income. nental United States and in many for-
(Mr. MILLER of Maryland asked and
Government regulation does not regu- eign countries, there will be slippages, was given permission to revise and ex-
late. the only effective regulation is to They have requested that selected proj- tend his remarks.)
keep a yardstick and the TVA, REA, and ects that have been authorized be appro- Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I yield
municipal ownership must be retained to priated for, as they would like to get minutes to the gentleman from Texas
protect the standard of living of the them under way this year; but it is con- 15 5 m m Mutest].
American family. ceded it will not be possible to get them
Of course when Dixon and Yates start all under way during the fiscal year. Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, it would
their creeping monopoly there is danger They cannot, however, at this time deft- seem quite certain that this bill is to
of forgetting the real value of TVA. But nitely determine the ones that may or some degree controversial. However, I
Russia does not forget it. Our scientists may not be delayed. think probably the major items in the
have just learned that Russia built and Our committee in its wisdom, has re- bill, from the standpoint of money, are
has operated successfully since 1949 the duced the amount requested for the not very controversial. This bill pro-
largest synchro-cyclotron in the world. overall program even further because we vides $1.8 billion for military public
The largest we have ever built in felt that the slippage was sure to be works within the continental United
America has a maximum capacity of 450 even greater than for which the services States and outside the limits of the con-
million electron volts. But the Russian had made allowance. But, there is still tinental United States.
plant has a capacity of 680 million volts. nothing in the way of an austerity pro- This is not an austerity program. We
The Dixon-Yates backers are proposing gram as far as the military portion of have come to the acceptance of the phi-
to destroy even the small one we have. this bill is concerned. While it is true losophy that we are probably going to
But Russia is already outbuilding it. that there are only a limited number of be in a state of peril as a nation over a
Russia is looking ahead. And the Presi- permanent establishments provided for, considerable number of years. We have
dent is trying to make arrangements to the amount spent this year will greatly abandoned the idea of temporary con-
maintain military government when the improve the living conditions of the men struction, theater of operation type con-
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R00010.0180005-6
 9016
Approved For Reese 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R0100180005-6
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
July 14.
struction. We are building our military time between now and the reconvening
installations on a more or less permanent of Congress making on-the-spot studies
basis. They cost a little more that way, of these various projects. I for one
but I, for one, feel that the best interests think that such action is in the public
of national defense and economy are interest and will be very helpful to the
served by more substantial construction committee. It is impossible and I do
practices. not think it was ever intended that the
One of our troubles is the members of Congress should inspect the way every
the Committee on Appropriations are not nail is driven and every plan is laid out
adequately prepared fully to comprehend in every installation around the world.
and discuss all the features of the mili- It is our duty to Initiate policy, to make
tary portion of this bill. That is through policy, and our overall policy with re-
no fault of our own. The President, spect to this bill, as far as military con-
through the Bureau of the Budget, did struction is concerned, I think is good.
not send down the budget requesting The bill is a little misleading if you
$2.2 billion for military public works un- look at the table of figures. The Army
til about the first day of July. The au- portion of the military public works is
thorizing legislation upon which this not to be financed out of any new appro-
portion of the bill is predicated is, I be- priation to be made today. It is to be
lieve, to be signed perhaps this afternoon. financed out of funds already available
So we have not had the opportunity to the Army and unused and unrequired
which we desired and deserved In which at this time for production and procure-
to screen these requests for funds. ment, funds which the Army had but
It is true that in the overall picture which it does not require now by reason
we have been pretty adequately briefed. of the fact that we have slowed down
We are building in the Army toward a our military effort since the end of the
reduced structure but a structure that Korean war. So that generally is the
will take care of our people on a perma- situation.
nent basis within the framework of our This bill provides for 523 projects in
present regular forces, many nations including our own. We
In the Navy we have about 1,000 oper- struck from the bill 14 projects. Of
ating ships and with all the support re- course, some of the projects are small
quired on land and at sea we are building and some of them are very large indeed.
to meet that requirement. We struck from the bill certain proposed
The Congress has been urging the bases overseas. I for one have some very
Executive over a period of years to hasten serious concern about this farfiung pro-
the construction of a 143-wing Air Force gram of base construction by the United
program. That program in the last cou- States taxpayers in other sovereign coun-
ple of years had been reduced to the 137- tries of the world. I have no special
wing program. We are building the alternative to offer, but I shall not be
base, so to speak, for that sort of Air surprised if we wake up a number of
Force. And we have been told at great years hence and find that these bases
length and with some degree of clarity are no longer available to us. If those
by the officials of the Department of De- countries remain friendly, then perhaps
fense that these items in this bill are es- we will continue to draw considerable
sential toward the realization of our de- benefit from the construction of these
mand for a 137-wing program. bases. I think the construction of these
As I say, this is not an austerity pro- bases has meant a great deal in deter-
gram. It costs us about $5,000 every ring aggression, but I think it would be
time a serviceman does not reenlist; foolish if we should fail to overlook the
and there are millions who do not reen- perils and dangers which are inherent in
list. For good or ill, we are trying to this operation, which almost seems fan-
make military life, since apparently it is tastic when you sit and think of it
going to be with us for a long, long soberly,
time, more attractive to the young men Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the
of our country. In the desert we are gentleman yield?
building swimming pools. In other areas Mr. MAHON. I yield to the gentle-
we are building gymnasiums. We are man from Iowa.
seeking to provide adequate recreational Mr. GROSS. I commend the gentle-
facilities. We are building clubs for man on that statement and want to say
noncommissioned officers and for en- to him that I certainly share his fears.
listed men. We are building officers'
clubs. We are doing a lot of things that Mr. MAHON. I thank the gentleman
perhaps some people would like to be for his contribution.
critical of us for doing. But if we are Here is the picture in brief and in
going to undertake to have these Ameri- round figures. There are $2 billion
can men of the Armed Forces live some- worth of projects authorized. In the
what like the rest of us and if we are new bill, which I think the President
going to try to make military life more will sign today, there are $2 billion more
as a career, I think we have got to do
that sort of thing. At least, that is the
philosophy which we have accepted in
approving this bill. I am not ashamed
of the fact that we are building solidly
in military construction. I think that is
a step in the right direction.
Since we did not have an opportunity
to explore each Individual project as
thoroughly as we should like to we are
selecting some engineers to spend their
think the committee report is a very
excellent document. I believe that by
reading it you will get perhaps a better
picture than you will be able to get from
this sketchy discussion on the floor.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. Chair-
man, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. MAHON. I yield.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Your re-
port came somewhat as a surprise to us
in Colorado, particularly in view of the
fact on Monday we went out and dedi-
cated the Air Force Academy, and then
on Tuesday, on page 32 of your report,
you say that all new funds for the con-
struction of the Air Academy are with-
held, and it is the wish of the committee
that no construction whatsoever be
started until it has been approved by this
committee. Also, I want to direct your
attention to page 207 of the hearings of
your subcommittee wherein it was out-
lined that there was $15 million previ-
ously appropriated for the Air Force
Academy. The first question is: Is it
the intention of this committee that the
Secretary for Air should not stop all
plans that he has in connection with the
Air Force Academy until his plans have
been submitted and approved by your
committee?
Mr. MAHON. There is no disposition
whatever to insist that the plans for the
Air Force Academy be approved by the
committee because we are not engineers
or architects, but the Department of
Defense asked us to appropriate $79 mil-
lion for the Academy, which is to cost
over the long pull probably about $150
million. But, the Secretary did not
know what the plans would be. He was
not sure of the design. We were being
asked to approve $79 million of the tax-
payers' money to buy something that
even the Department of Defense did not
know what it was going to look like. I
think the gentleman from Colorado afid
I, myself. would hesitate personally to
give the money for a house to be built
or an edifice to be constructed when we
did not know what it was going to look
like. After the plans are drawn, and
after the matter is agreed upon by the
Secretary, then we hope that the Depart-
ment can come back and get the money.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Is that
due to the fact that the testimony on
page 206 of the hearings reflects that
the plans themselves will not be ready,
that is, the designs will not be finished
before September of this year; and is it
due to this fact that the committee hesi-
tated to approve the complete $79 mil-
lion for the going ahead of the construc-
tion at this time?
Mr. MAHON. I would say that the
plans, as we observed them, which are
not final and which have not been ac-
cepted by the Secretary, did not impress
us vary much TF mould a.,..
t
b
ear
o
e
f
Vde1n
ac-
the sum of $2.2 billion. We have re- tory or something of that kind, but there
duced that sum in this bill by $394 mil- was so much controversy about these
lion, and the bill includes money in the plans and so many reservations by mem-
amount of $1,800,000,000. So that brief- hers of the committee that we hesitated
ly and in rough figures is the picture. to put the money in the bill.
For those who want to know about Of course, we realize we take some
projects ? in their States and in their criticism for not putting the money in,
areas, let me refer you to the committee but the gentleman will recall the lines
report because the committee report has, of the Melancholy Dane who preferred
I think, a very excellent breakdown. I to bear the ills he had rather than to
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63TOO245R000100180005-6
* 9017
1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
fly to others that he knew not of. We are paying for this Academy, and they the Air Force requesting that he hold
did not know just what this leap was ought to get something that would please plp an in habeyance as thoroughly on this construction
going to be, and so in some degree of Americans generally. he the
caution we clamped down on the purse Mr. CHENOWETH. i appreciate the feasibility of renting facilities.
strings for a time. I would like to exhibit gentleman's attitude. I know he wants When we make these funds available
this artistic drawing of the chapel. This to see the Air Force Academy the finest it does not mean that officials have to
ther
seems to look like a tent of sorts, and school that can be constructed, and one sp umst noes and dhvelopmenfs other
when I saw it a very familiar line from of which we can all be proud. s an old hymn came to mind-tenting on Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Chair- can get along or without his want ct in
to it. That elsewhere
the old campground. I suggest that a man, will the gentleman yield? Fort o
the e a
re w of ant com-
little bit of caution in the closing days Mr. MAHON. I yield.
of the session might serve us well when Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I note that mittee. I think the gentleman is ren-
we return home. the committee has not seen fit to allo- dering a great public service in raising
The CHAIRMAN. The time of the cate moneys for the proposed Bucking- this issue.
gentleman from Texas has expired. ham Center in Fort Myers, Fla., in my Mr. ADAIR. I appreciate the state-
Mr. DEANE. Mr. Chairman, I yield district. I have studied the needs thor- ment of the chairman of. the subcom-
the gentleman from Texas 5 additional oughly, and have gone over the testi- mittee very much, as I am sure we both
minutes. mony and discussed it with the Air want proper defense facilities. Yet at
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, I yield Force. It is my understanding that this the same time to have the American tax-
further to the gentleman from Colorado. is a training center and the present fa- payer in mind.
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Certainly cilities that the Air Force have do not Unanimous consent having been
it does not subscribe to the testimony of allow them to properly train the Air granted, I wish to insert at this point a
Mr. Wright, the architect, that this Force for the defense of our country. I portion of the committee report:
chapel should be built up on the moun- wonder what comment the chairman DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE
may have on that. INTERSERVICE ACTIVITIES
pain about a thousand feet, and that they Mr. MAHON. There are rare excep- The budget estimate of $2,250,000 for ad-p from escalators to take them to and tions when military facilities are lo- vances to the Bureau of Public Roads for ac-
romrvi cated on a political basis. In all my cess roads is approved. These funds are used
Mr. t. MAHON. I will say that we did experience I do not think I could name for the construction of roads to military in-
ner undertake to pass on any eesign- very many. I know there are no politi- stallations and defense plants upon certifi-was molly ofly, I Mr. Wright, to hear the testi- al implications to this project in Flor- cation by the Secretary of Defense under au-
build- ery ida. We did not have time to go thor- thority of the Defense Highway Act of 1941,
few minutes, . W but looking except at pt for these a very
few as amended.
ings in the artist's drawing now before us, oughly into it. I have looked into this The bill includes the full amount of the
the Academy looks pretty flat. Maybe matter further since the hearings were budget estimate, $4,200,000 for the construc-
we ought to go a little higher up and concluded, and I am inclined to feel that tion of additional Loran stations by the Coast
see if we cannot get a little more glory the project is necessary if we are going Guard. The contemplated program will ex-
for our country out of this project. to train these air-defense squadrons that tend certain vital areas the present Loran
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. It is my guard our cities and would be available system.
MILITARY CONSTRUCTION
understanding that it was the intent of to us in the event of enemy attack. But
the committee that when the Secretary it is true they have another facility of Submission of budget estimates
has submitted definite plans, which may this general type in Yuma, Ariz. There The most important comment the com-
remove some of the objections, particu- are other areas over the ocean that mittee can make with respect to this chapter
larly that of glass, and substituting stone would be available for use of the Armed in the accompanying bill is to call to the at-
Forces. We were hoping that this in- tention of the Congress the apparent disre-
or marble, and making it fit more into stallation could be suspended and some gard on the part of responsible officials of the
the picture against the mountain side. executive branch of the statutory responsi-
Mr. MAHON. I am inclined to think of the other installations could be used. bilities of the Congress to fully evaluate and
it would. I thank the gentleman for But I think the Defense Department was pass upon the fiscal requirements of the
making a contribution. very probably correct, and I do not think executive branch. Why this committee and
Mr. CHENOWETH. Mr. Chairman, the gentleman should be concerned the Congress should be obliged to consider
will the gentleman yield? about this problem. It should work out. during the closing days of each session of the
It is one of those things about which Congress measures of this magnitude and im-
Mr. MAHON. I yield. there was a difference of opinion. I portance is difficult to understand. A valid
Mr. CHENOWETH. I would like to think we made several mistakes in the reason has not yet been advanced.
relieve the gentleman's mind of the con- bill, I will say to the gentleman; perhaps It was testified that the services originally
Bern and apprehension over this par- this is one. requested of the office of Secretary of De-
ticular design of the chapel. I was in fense approximately 10,500 items, totaling
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I thank the nearly $3 billion. While the number of items
Denver on Monday with other Members gentleman. and requested appropriation were somewhat
of the House and Senate to attend the Mr. ADAIR. Mr. Chairman, will the reduced by the office of the Secretary of
dedication ceremonies of the temporary gentleman yield? Defense, formulation of the final budget
Air Academy at Lowry Air Force Base. Mr. MAHON. I yield to the gentle- estimates, received July 1, did take approxi-
I was very pleased to note that the de- man from Indiana. mately 1 year. The Congress, having a
sign of the chapel has been changed, and Mr..ADAIR. Directing the attention responsibility for the efficient and economi-
in my opinion, greatly improved. of the chairman of the subcommittee to cal application of appropriated funds, was
Mr. MAHON. Yes. I think they were obliged to give only hurried consideration
page 29 of the report, I find there an to the budget estimates because the new
originally proposing to make the sides item of $285,000 for an air-reserve base fiscal year had already begun.
quite considerably out of glass. It would at Fort Wayne, Ind., my home town. In The committee is in position to appre-
have been quite expensive to hire work- communicating with people in that com- ciate the mass of detail encompassed by the
ers to keep this glass bright and shiny. munity I find some differences of opin- estimates for military public works, but
But I think we have been able to get ion. There are those there who feel that must, nonetheless, insist that this program
them to recommend less glass. If we adequate quarters might be had on a be submitted to the legislative committees
keep hammering away, we will have an rental basis rather than on a construe- during the month of January in order that
edifice of which we can be proud. pion basis. The question I am address- time may be available for full consideration
of the budget estimate. Mr. Franklin G.
Mr. CHENOWETH. I think the gen- ing to the chairman, therefore, is: If con- Floete, Assistant Secretary of Defense for
tleman will be pleased with the new de- tinuing study should develop that it Properties and Installations, has testified to
sign of the chapel. would be better, in the interest of econ- the effect that insofar as his office is con-ansm
will
itted Mr. MAHON. I am glad to hear that. only and in the interest of national de- cer ed,thorgy in
Januarybe each year.
I do not want to ridicule this project. I fense, to rent rather than build in that Congress
think we are trying to do a good job, community, is it the intent of the com- status of authorisations
but we do not want to get so far out in mittee that that might be done? The total amount of authorizations re-
the American t peblue ople.o The American people of direct ngO a letter tollthtake the e Secretary rof? approximately $2,0b 000 000.?nT tal 1965,
For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 9018
Approved For ReNMa e 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R0QQ100180005-6
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 14
Izations provided for In U. R. 6829, recently
enacted by the Congress, is $2,306,000,100,
or a total authorization availability in fiscal
year 1956 of $4,363,000,000, It should be
noted, however, that section 501 of H. It.
6829 provides for the repeal of certain prior
authorizations as of July 1, 1956. The iden-
tifiable total that will be so repealed is
$811 million, although it may reach a much
larger figure.
Committee recommendations
Against the total currently available au-
thorization of $4,383,000,000 the Department
of Defense has programed for construction
in fiscal year 1958 a total of $2,630,055,000,
Against this program a total adjusted ap-
propriation of $2,220,800,000 was requested,
the difference being considered as unneces-
sary because of general fluidity in a pro-
gram of this magnitude and because of nor-
mal and expected slippage generally accepted
by the construction industry. The original
budget estimate, transmitted to the Con-
gress prior to the enactment of H. R. 6829,
totaled $2,273,550,000, of which $800 million
was to be derived by transfer from the ap-
propriation "Procurement and production,
Army."
The committee recommends a decrease in
the program to a total of $2,471,745,000. To
implement this proposed program a total
appropriation of $1,679.491,000 is Included
in the bill, a reduction of $394,059,000 in
the budget estimates. Of the total recom-
mended, the amount of $483,612,000 is to
be derived by transfer and $1,395,879,000
represents new appropriations. It is fully
recognized that so long as we have an Army,
Navy, and Air Force we must have adequate
facilities and bases to maintain and house
these services, and the reduction effected
in the appropriation request should not be
interpreted as a reduction in the needed
program. Action is predicated solely on
the considered judgment of the committee
as to money requirements based on its
analysis of the program and the history
of military construction funding.
The difference between the contemplated
program and the appropriation recommended
is $592,254,000. The Department of Defense,
however, should not consider the entire list
of facilities Included in the report as per-
manently approved, and it is expected that
all projects In this or previous programs
not specifically financed from available funds
and for which financing Is requested In the
future, will again be presented in the detail
program supporting future fund requests,
During fiscal year 1955 the amount of
$1,964,000,000 is estimated to be obligated
out of a total availability of $2,903,000,000,
leaving an unobligated balance on June 30
of $939 million. While a reasonable unob-
ligated balance Is necessary in this type
program, 32 percent obviously Is excessive.
The recommended appropriation of $I,-
879,491,000, together with the unobligated
balance, provides an' availability for obliga-
tion in 1956 of $2,818,491,000. This com-
pares with a total availability of $2,903,
000,000 in fiscal year 1955. The elimina-
tion of specific projects in the amount of
approximately $150 million will, of course,
reduce the total estimated obligations in
1956, which is reported in the amount of
$2,235,000,000 for all three services. Thus,
even should the total obligations approach
$2,100,000,000, the remaining unobligated
balance of something over $700 million
should enable the services to continue with-
out interruption an orderly construction
program Into the first quarter of fiscal year
1957. While the fiscal situation is slightly
different in each of the three services it i
is
partment of Defense with respect to the
location of facilities and defense spending
generally. The committee has sought to
reduce the land-acquisition program to a
minimum. The Department now owns ap-
proximately 29,500,000 acres, representing a
total investment, Including facilities, of
about $21,400,000,000,
The committee is somewhat concerned
over the growing centralization of military
activities in the vicinity wherein Camp Car-
son and the Air Defense Command are now
located and the new Air Force Academy is
proposed. It Is suggested, therefore, that a
further study be made of this area with
especial reference to the water situation,
bearing in mind the potential growth in
population that the water and other re-
sources will serve in the foreseeable future.
Considerable discussion was had during
and subsequent to the hearings on the
matter of single bedroom family housing.
It is recommended that the programs of
each of the services for this type con-
struction be reviewed to insure that only
those single-bedroom dwellings will be con-
structed as definitely meet the long-term
demands of the services.
It Is trusted that the existing understand-
Ing with the committee calling for the allo-
cation of adequate funds required for the
construction of a usable facility will con-
tinue. Disruption of the construction proc-
esses. no matter bow short the duration, Is
costly and should be avoided,
DEPARTMENT Or THE ARMY
The Department of the Army has requested
$545.000.000 for the appropriation "Military
Construction, Army." to be derived by trans-
fer from the appropriation "Procurement
and Production, Army." The committee rec-
ommends an appropriation of $483,612,000,
to be derived by transfer as proposed in the
estimate, a reduction of $81,388.000. This Is
the first time since fiscal year 1963 that the
Army has requested funds for this appropri-
ation due to large unobligated balances that
were available and now have been reduced
through reprograming authorized by the
Congress. In addition, request has been
made for permission to reprogram $15,091,000
of prior authorizations and the committee
recommends that this authority be granted
In the manner justified to the committee,
as set out in the following table:
Aberdeen Proving Ground, Md__- $150, 000
Fort Dix. N. J------------------ 1,972,000
Fort Bragg. N. C---------- 339, 000
Fort Campbell. Ky______________ 4. 180, 000
U. 8. Military Academy---------- 8,450:000
Total -------------------- 15,091,000
The Item in the above tabulation for the
United States Military Academy is to be
specifically noted. In accordance with the
committee's report last year a survey was
made of the proposal to convert the riding
hall to classroom spaces and authority is
now given to proceed with this construction
as originally planned out of funds previously
authorized. Testimony indicates that the
rise In construction costs have increased the
current working estimate to $8,950,000. In
addition to approving the request to repro-
gram $8,450,000 permission is granted to use
additional available funds to cover the in-
crease in costs totaling $500,000.
The appropriation recommended, $483,-
612,000. Is to finance a program totaling
$553,880,000 as set forth in the following
tabulation. Those projects that have been
specifically denied are set out in the para-
graphs following the tabulation. These
amounts may be compared with a program
believed that, generally, each service will request of $568,533,000 and a funding ro-
be In position with the funds provided to
pursue its program as initially planned qu stoh 6845 .000 ? ., The committee recog-
program of this magnitude, and feels that it
Military considerations should be the psra- has provided such latitude in approving an
mount factor in decisions made by the De- amount only $70,268,000 below the estimated
cost of the recommended 1956 program. This
amount takes into considers tion a slippage
of approximately 13 percent. It was testified
a slippage of 10 to 15 percent is generally
accepted as normal.
The committee feels that as the program
is developed and as deletions are made due
to slippage in programing or construction,
first consideration should be given toward
providing quarters and necessary operational
facilities. If there are items which can or
must be deferred they should be In other
categories.
DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY
The program
For the Navy military public works pro-
gram, the committee had before it for con-
sideration a tentative program request for
1958 totaling $646,196,300. of which $596,-
140,900 Is new authorizations in the House
version of H. R. 6829 and $50,055,400 is pre-
viously approved but unfunded projects.
Conference adjustments on H. R. 6829 had
the effectof reducing the total to $614,279,-
700 as shown in the table on page 15 of the
printed hearings. The committee has ap-
proved for funding projects totaling $606,-
479,700. a reduction of $7,800,000, represent-
ing reduction in one item and deletion of
two projects. These are commented upon
below. The approved total includes $64,-
987,700 for 3,650 family housing units.
The funding
The budget estimate for appropriation pur-
poses to fund the 1956 program is $528,550,-
000-somewhat less than the program pre-
sented for funding authority. The commit-
tee recommends appropriation of $439,950,-
000, a reduction of $88,600,000. The appro-
priation for 1955 was $98 million under
which, in combination with unobligated bal-
ances from prior years, the Department In-
dicates estimated obligations 'n 1955 of $248
million. Approximately $122 million un-
obligated will carry over into 1956, most of
which, however, is stated to be committed to
previously approved projects.
Basically, the reasons advanced for not
requesting appropriation to an amount equal
to the total of the projects on which the
Department seeks funding authority are un-
foreseeable delays on projects occasioned by
land acquisition problems, timing of grant-
ing of base rights, etc. The total list of
projects, however, is justified as urgent, and
11 delays occur on certain ones the Depart-
ment can proceed on others and thus ex-
pedite consummation of the total long range
construction requirements.
The reduction of $88,600,003 Is based on
several things. One is the final adjustment
in the conference on If. R. 6829 wherein sev-
eral projects in the original budgeted pro-
gram were dropped. Further, the commit.
tee has reduced or deleted three items as pre-
viously indicated. Still another reason-and
this is the foremost-is the fact that to get
this large program underway, the Depart-
ment does not need as much as requested.
The budget projects, as of the end of fiscal
year 1958. an unobligated balance of about
$242 million. A substantial portion of that
balance will be supported by detailed project
plans and specifications and thus required
to permit orderly flow of contract placement
in the ensuing few months pending availabil-
ity of 1957 funds to keep the program in mo-
tion. On the other hand, the evidence is
clear that a sizable part will not be sup-
ported by detailed plans. Contracts cannot
be advertised and construction obligations
Incurred without such plans.
The committee's action should in no way
slow down the orderly prosecution of the
approved program. The Department should
proceed, within the amount allowed, to have
detailed plans and specifications prepared
and ready on all approved projects as orig-
inally planned. Funding requirements for
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00*4 8000100180005-6
IL -
1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
actual contractual purposes can be further
determined in the 1957 bill.
DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR .FORCE
The Department presented a program In-
cluding several thousand individual projects
at over 250 Air Force bases totaling $1,449,-
242,000. The committee has deleted specific
projects from this total in the amount of
$137,857,000. For appropriation In the new
fiscal year the Department requested $1,200,-
000,000, of which $255,000,000 was to be de-
rived by the transfer of unobligated funds
available to the Army. The committee Is
recommending for direct appropriation
$955,929,000, a reduction of $244,071,000 in
the overall funding request. This amount
for appropriation together with the balances
carried into the new fiscal year should be
sufficient to keep essential Air Force con-
struction going throughout fiscal 1956 and
provide adequate balances to keep the pro-
gram going into fiscal 1957.
The difference between the amount pro-
gramed for specific projects and the amount
to be appropriated is $355,456,000. In other
words this is the amount in the Air Force
program for which funds are not provided.
However, the projects which might have
been covered by this amount are not iden-
tified, and no priority list has been estab-
lished. A program as diversified as the Air
Force program must of necessity have a cer-
tain amount of flexibility in order that full
advantage may be taken of continually
changing requirements. The committee is,
accordingly, approving as eligible for con-
struction air bases and facilities at the above
stated cost in excess of the funds provided.
The committee is certain that many of the
projects still remaining in the program
should be given further study. It Is ex-
pected that this will be done and that with
the funds appropriated only those projects
most vital to the Air Force program will be
undertaken.
Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield
13 minutes to the gentleman from Kan-
sas [Mr. SCRIVNERI.
(Mr. SCRIVNER asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. SCRIVNER. Mr. Chairman, I dis-
like very much to find myself in some
disagreement with our committee chair-
man, the genial gentleman from Mis-
souri [Mr. CANNON], but I do not share
his alarm as to the comparative situation
between the United States and Russia.
I do not concede that they are ahead of
us in any way except perhaps in the
number of jet planes. We are as smart
as they, and a little smarter. They pos-
sibly have a greater number of jet fighter
interceptors, that is logical, because the
jet fighter is used to intercept bombers,
and we have the largest number of
bombers that can carry death and devas-
tation to any corner of Russia today any
time we want to give the signal. We
not only have the machines, but also we
have the trained pilots who are superior
to any, and we proved our superiority in
Korea by a ratio of 15 to 1.
Furthermore, we have the adequate
bases, a circle of bases from which we
can attack, if necessary. We have su-
perior crews in every way, including navi-
gation, and we have the years of experi-
ence in long-range bombing which they
cannot possibly have and which they
cannot now get.
So I am not going to lose any sleep
at all tonight worrying about any state-
meat the gentleman has made. I am
going ahead and plan my life with a full
sense of security; I am going to urge my
daughter to educate her son, my grand-
son and not worry for- 1 single minute
about reports of Russian superiority or
threats to this country.
Much as we may dislike it, we have
got to face the facts with which we have
to live for the next 25 or 50 years. When
we came out of World War I we thought
we were in for perhaps a century of
peace. We did not have it. We came
out of World War II thinking perhaps
we might have a quarter of a century
or maybe half a century of peace. We
do not have it. The Korean war is end-
ed. With those three examples we
should finally realize we must face facts
which are simply these: We must expect
for the next 25, 30, to 50 years we are
to have a large military force. If we
are to have that force-they are situ-
ated in widely scattered areas in all parts
of the world-we must give them facili-
ties with which to work. We have to
give them adequate housing. As a mat-
ter of fact, there are quite a few mil-
lion dollars in this bill for family hous-
ing for the military services-the Army,
Navy, and Air Force.
In years past in connection with ap-
propriations we have heard about "self-
liquidating projects." We have seen
few, if any, of them., This public hous-
ing-and this is a very, very big public
housing program, make no mistake
about that-this military public housing
will be perhaps the nearest to a self-
liquidating project of anything we have
ever undertaken because we are required
by law to furnish our military men with
either housing or a rental allowance in
lieu of military housing. So that the
more military housing we have the less
money we pay out for rental allowances
which will then in turn pay for these
projects we are now building. Not only
that, but some of these bases are located
at some far away and out-of-the-way
places where there is no adequate hous-
ing for our men until we build them.
Even giving them the best housing we
can for the family, the duties they are
going to undertake will be pretty stren-
uous and arduous nQ matter how good
we make it.
I do not worry too much about some
of the situations we are told about.
Actually, however, I have visited some
of these military bases here and abroad.
I have seen some of the housing quar-
ters in which some of our military peo-
ple have been trying to live with their
families. I am quite frank in telling
you if someone told me that I had to
serve at a certain place and live in cer-
tain quarters which I have seen them
live in, I would find it difficult to refrain
from resigning.
So this is not just doing something
out of the goodness of our hearts. We
are doing it for the good of the service
and to fill a very necessary need.
We have been told by the gentleman
from Texas that we are building up to
the 137-wing base. That is quite true.
For every new squadron, for every new
wing, we must have adequate bases.
9019
You can put it down just as simply as
that. And according to the mission,
every new base is going to cost from 15
to 150 million dollars and in connection
with some of the bases it is going to cost
you considerably more than that. You
cannot operate 137 wings without bases.
You have to have everything that goes
with a base-you have to have, among
other items, runways, taxiways, han-
gars, shops, administration and opera-
tions buildings, fuel systems. All of
those things cost money. As we look at
this bill, it is merely a defense public
works bill. The big military part has
already gone through. Anyone can see
that our national defense is costly. It
takes men, it takes machines, it takes
money, not mere millions but billions of
dollars-thousands of millions of dol-
lars, which all comes out of the taxpay-
ers' pockets. The job we have to do,
working with the military, is to see that
we get a dollar's worth of defense for
every defense dollar we spend.
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. SCRIVNER. I yield to the gen-
tleman from Texas.
Mr. MAHON. Since the gentleman
has referred to the cost of the Depart-
ment of Defense, I think it would be well
to place in the RECORD at this point the
complete figures. We appropriated for
the Army, Navy, and Air Force-the De-
partment of Defense-$31.8 billion. In
this bill there are appropriations of $1.8
billion for military public works, which
would make $33.6 billion for the De-
partment of Defense for the current
fiscal year.
Mr. SCRIVNER. I thank the gentle-
man for making that observation.
What this public works bill is doing
in part is to build up our bases for this
long pull, whether it is 10, 20, 30, 75, or
100 years.
The buildings we are now seeking to
construct for the main part are what
we term permanent buildings. We found
that our investment in semipermanent
types of buildings and barracks just did
not pay off. They were comparatively
low cost in the first place, but in the
long run they were not cheap. They are
now becoming dilapidated. Their main-
tenance is expensive. But, we just must
face the realization that without bases
our Navy and the Air Force and the
Army cannot operate. We must have
them.
It is a big bill, yes, but we should
expect, as soon as the 137-wing base
structure is completed, that there will be
a gradual tapering off of requests for
new construction, of public works money.
Maybe from 3 to 5 years should see the
tapering. We have bases some of which
probably existed for 100 years. All of
the buildings are not that old, but I can
show you military buildings that are 100
years old. And we have to go through
our old established bases and begin re-
constructing some of our worn out, dilap-
idated structures to carry on in the fu-
ture if we are to do the job that we feel
we are called upon to do. It is a big
bill. It has got to be paid. It must be
faced. We must face the fact that we
are going to be presented with similar
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 9020
Approved For R'edse 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245100180005-6
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE July 14
requests to this for some time to come.
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. SCRIVNER. I yield to the gentle-
man from Iowa.
Mr. GROSS. Why is it that the De-
fense Department does not use perma-
nent installations such as the one we
have In Iowa constructed during the war
and has not been utilized since?
Mr. SCRIVNER. I do not recall at the
moment what permanent base the gen-
tleman is referring to.
Mr. GROSS. The Navy base at Ot-
tumwa, Iowa.
Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Chairman,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr.- SCRIVNER. I yield to the gen-
tleman from Kansas.
Mr. REES of Kansas. The gentleman
has called attention to the need for ad-
ditional bases because of the extension
and expansion of the Air Force, and per-
haps In line with what the gentleman
from Iowa has alluded to, I am wonder-
ing whether the committee In Its hear-
ings has discussed the question of the
number of bases that were closed after
World War II. I have in mind, for ex-
ample, the one at Herington, Kans.,
which was quite an important base.
Mr. SCRIVNER. Not only this year
but in years past we have discussed
many of those bases in detail. The one
the gentleman is referring to was a
training base, if I am not mistaken.
Mr. REES of Kansas. That is cor-
rect.
Mr. SCRIVNER. There were many
bases which were used for training In
World War II which are not usable now.
If they were to be used, you would have
to practically start from scratch be-
cause the type of planes that our filers
are training In now cannot take off and
land on those fields today.
Mr. REES of Kansas. I appreciate
the gentleman's statement, but still I
have the feeling that there is a tendency
on the part of those in the Air Force to
sort of overlook some of these bases that
we have.
Mr. SCRIVNER, If you will read the
hearings, you will see that the request
made by the Air Force for land is very,
very, very small. As far as I can recall
now, the only new land we are buying
is where it is absolutely necessary for
the extension of runways, because with
our B-47's and 8-52's you have to have
10,000- to 12,000-foot runways, and
many of our bases during World War II
were established with 6,000-, 7,000-, and
8,000-foot runways. That was all right
for the planes that we had then, but the
planes you have now just cannot operate
on those short runways.
Mr. REES of Kansas. I appreciate the
gentleman's statement.
Mr. SCRIVNER. If the Air Force
were to come up and say "We want to go
out and buy a block of ground right here
someplace for a new base," they would
not get very far, because we would point
out just what the gentleman from Kan-
sas and the gentleman from Iowa have
pointed out and say, "You have some
bases; you have land that you own, that
you bought in World War II. Use that.
Do not ask us to buy more land." Of
course, our Air Force activities were
larger then than they are now. Our
Navy activities were larger In World War
II than they are now. Our Army was
far larger in World War II than now.
While we are still large, we are not as
large as in World War IT, and as a result
we do not need as many bases as we did
then. Perhaps some day we will need
them. Who knows? Maybe we will
continue to expand. We may have to
go back to the bases in Kansas and other
States of the Union and make use of
them, as well as those we are presently
using. But that does not seem probable
In the foreseeable future.
Mr. REESS of Kansas. If the gentle-
man will permit, I am making the in-
quiry and the observation largely on the
basis of what the gentleman has said,
that we are going to have expansion and
extension in respect to planes and bases.
Mr. SCRIVNER. We have the 137-
wing base structure pretty well under
way right now.
The CHAIRMAN, The time of the
gentleman has again expired.
Mr. CANNON, Mr. Chairman, I yield
15 minutes to the gentleman from Cali-
fornia [Mr. SHLPPARD], vice chairman of
the Subcommittee on Armed Services.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. Chairman, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. SHEPPARD. I yield to the gen-
tleman from Tennessee.
Mr. BAKER. Will the vice chairman
of the committee inform me as to
whether or not there is any money in
this bill for the construction of hospi-
tals abroad, outside continental United
States?
Mr. SHEPPARD, Is the gentleman
referring to the Navy portion of the bill,
or the whole bill?
Mr. BAKER. Any place in the bill.
Mr. SHE:PPARD. I should like to
refer that question to my chairman, the
gentleman from Texas [Mr. MAHON], as
to how many hospitals there are outside
continental United States in the bill.
I do not have the answer at hand.
Mr. MAHON. I will say to the gen-
tleman that the budget request orig-
inally contained about 10,000 line items,
such as hospitals, dormitories, quarters,
and what not. Those were for the au-
thorization bill. There are some hos-
pitals outside of continental United
States to be sure. There are hospitals
in north Africa where we have many
men. There are hospitals available to
our Armed Forces in all important areas.
Upon checking our records, I find that
there are no new hospitals in this bill
for overseas areas. These have been
provided in past appropriations and un-
doubtedly there will be some future re-
quests. This bill specifically provides
for a few infirmaries and dispensaries.
These are, of course, set up to care for
patients on a temporary basis at each
major facility until the patients can be
transferred to a regular hospital.
Mr. BAKER. Mr. Chairman, will the
gentleman yield further?
Mr. SHEPPARD. I yield, certainly.
Mr. BAKER. Are there funds in this
bill for hospital purposes outside the
United States?
Mr. MAHON. I think so, but I would
have to take a little time to list the loca-
tions, and I shall undertake to supply
the information..
Mr. BAKER. I thank the gentleman.
Mr. SHEPPARD. Mr. Chairman, I
should like at this time to address myself
strictly and specifically to the presenta-
tions of the Navy. I was, of course,
privileged to sit in on the policy evidence
that was submitted by the Secretary of
Defense and the respective Secretaries
and their comptrollers.
I want to pay my compliments to my
colleagues on my committee, Messrs.
Norrell, Andrews, Wigglesworth, and Os-
tertag, also Mr. Wilson, of our staff, for
the manner in which we were able to
handle the problem in a, short period of
time and do the very best we could under
the circumstances that prevailed.
In order that the House may have my
views pertinent to the Navy aspect, I
will present to you these facts:
As in the case of the Army and Air
Force, the Navy presented for approval
a group of projects totaling more than
the request for actual appropriation.
Within the time available, the commit-
tee has reviewed the total list of projects
presented and with exception of those
I will mention in a moment, has given
the Navy the go-ahead on them. The
report contains the actual list by loca-
tion. Several hundred separate line-
item projects are involved.
The program is presented on this lag
or slippage basis, if I may use that termi-
nology, because experience shows they
always have difficulties and delays in
getting base rights, land acquisition, and
other unpredictable delays or changes of
one kind or another.
The program presented to the com-
mittee totaled $646,196,300 but the actual
request for appropriation is $528,550,000.
The presentation was made on the basis
of the House version of the authorization
bill and now that the conference has re-
solved the differences on that bill, we
have had to make some deletions from
and additions to the original program.
We have also disallowed 2 projects and
reduced 1 other. Then, on top of that,
we examined into the status of the
projected unobligated carryover, par-
ticularly as to availability of detailed
plans and specifications without which
they cannot advertise and award con-
tracts. We found that we could with-
hold some funds on account of this
factor.
All told, we have reduced the program
from $646,196,300 to $606,479,700, which
Is a cut of $39,716,600. As to the appro-
priation request, we have cut it from
$528,550,000 to $439,950,000, a cut of $88,-
600,000. I think under all the circum-
stances we have cut about as much of
their money as we should. The money
cut Is about 17 percent.
Now to recap the situation, and give
you the specifics on the projects deleted,
let me give you these figures:
The Navy originally presented proj-
ects for our approval totaling $646,-
196,300.
There were several projects which the
conferees on the authorization bill
dropped out and a couple which they
added, so we took them into account. A
list of them appears on page 15 of the
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 1955
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63TC5R000100180005-6
'Were
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Navy hearings. They make a net reduc-
tion of $31,916,600.
That left a total revised amount of
$614,279,700.
Then the committee cut out two proj-
ects and reduced another, totaling for all
three, $7,800,000, which we took out.
That leaves the total which is ap-
proved for funding listed in the report
and it totals $606,479,700.
The three projects we deleted or re-
duced are:
First. We took $2 million off the $6 mil-
lion request for replacement of facil-
ities destroyed or damaged by fire, hur-
ricane, and so forth. That gives them
the same as they had last year.
Second. We took out the $2 million put
in by the other body for plans for a new
drydock at the Puget Sound shipyard to
handle Forrestal carriers that may have
been battle damage. It was not budget-
ed, and we had no hearings on it, so we
did not feel we could include it at this
time.
Third. Then we deleted the item of
$3,800,000 for a new building at the naval
ordnance plant at Macon, Ga., for man-
tifacturing inert ammunition parts.
With the administration's present policy
prevailing having to do with getting the
Government out of competitive business,
it seemed to your committee rather
doubtful whether we should go ahead at
this time and expend $3,800,000 for a new
building and a business that would keep
the Navy in a fabricating category
wherein the field has a lot of competi-
tion from private business.
There is a difference of opinion about
this issue. In fact, there was a differ-
ence of opinion within our committee,
and an amendment was offered to correct
that situation. However, the commit-
tee as a whole sustained your Subcom-
mittee on Naval Appropriations in keep-
ing the deletion in the bill.
Mr. Chairman, in general, and rather
briefly, that covers the actions that have
been taken by the subcommittee han-
dling appropriations for the Navy. I have
been associated with this committee and
with this work, as you Members know, for
a good many years and so have my col-
leagues, the gentleman from Massachu-
setts [Mr. WIGGLESWORTH], and others
of my able associates. We feel that so
far as the Navy is concerned, we have
done the best job we could on the basis
of the evidence they presented and con-
sidering the availability of the properties
of the Navy, which the Navy is presently
using and which it is contemplating
using. Whether or not in the final
analysis what we are recommending will
be ultimately accepted by the House, of
course, remains to be seen. I assure each
and every one of you that in this instance
as in every other instance, I am per-
fectly willing to submit to the will of the
House as to the final conclusion.
Mr. Chairman, I yield back the re-
mainder of my time.
Mr. WIGGLESWORTH. Mr. Chair-
man, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman
from New York [Mr. OSTERTAG].
Mr. OSTERTAG. Mr. Chairman, as a
member of the Committee on Appropria-
tions' defense subcommittee and more
particularly on the Navy panel, I want to
pay tribute first of all to our distin-
guished chairman, the gentleman from
California [Mr. SHEPPARD], for his able
and considered guidance of the work
of our subcommittee, and also pay tribute
to my colleague, the gentleman from
Massachusetts [Mr. WIGGLESWORTHI,
who is the ranking minority member of
our subcommittee. Both of these gen-
tlemen have been courteous and fair and
I am grateful to them for their many
considerations and kindnesses. The gen-
tleman from California [Mr. SHEPPARD]
has ably described the general changes
and adjustments that have been, made in
this particular phase of the military con-
struction appropriation bill. I might
point out that in the Navy's presentation-
to us, there were some 632 projects in-
volved. It was pointed out that the
Navy plant, the construction plant, the
property itself, is valued at some $7 bil-
lion. And, too, it has been pointed out
that it will take approximately $12.5
billion more to bring the Navy's estab-
lishment up to modern standards and re-
quirements. I think it might be well
for us to pause a moment to reflect the
changes in the overall picture so far as
our Military Establishment is concerned.
With the Navy being called upon to meet
tremendous responsibilities worldwide,
and with the increased importance of
naval aviation in our defense picture, it is
reasonable to understand why we must
begin to move toward modernizing the
facilities that are so essential to our se-
curity and to our defense. Another point
I would like to make, which perhaps
might be overlooked in a general discus-
sion, is that the Navy has within the
military construction appropriation bill
some $15 million allocated for the pur-
pose of pollution abatement within the
continental United States.
I am not sure at this point whether all
of the other services have followed the
directive of the Executive order calling
for plans, programs, and steps to elimi-
nate pollution caused by our Military
Establishment, but the Navy has in this
instance provided some $15 million to
eliminate pollution in the waters and
streams of the United States of America.
These particular projects and this $15
million does not complete the job, but it
is a logical step forward, and I hope that
all of the services and the Defense De-
partment will move in unison in this
task, which is so essential to the preser-
vation of our water resources and to pub-
lic health. To my mind it does not make
much sense for the Navy to spend mil-
lions of dollars to eliminate waste and
pollution and treat sewage with the
Army and the Air Force right alongside
of that very facility dumping waste .and
sewage into the same waters and
streams.
Mr. Chairman, there is much that
might be said about the many projects
that are approved and incorporated in
this bill. Among them, of course, are
the facilities for the shipyards, for the
fleet bases, aviation facilities, fleet sup-
port air stations, Marine Corps air sta-
tions, and many facilities overseas, in-
cluding places such as Hawaii, Okinawa,
the Philippines, French Morocco,
Alaska, Guam, Japan, Newfoundland,
9021
Italy, 'and other points of vital impor-
tance to our defense.
As has been previously pointed out, the
committee approves and recommends a
total of $439,950,000 in new money, which
is a reduction of $88,600,000 over the
budget estimate for funding during fiscal
1956. Bear in mind that $122 million in
unobligated funds will carry over into
this fiscal year but it is understood that
these moneys are committed to projects
previously approved.
In the Navy, as in all other services in
our Defense Establishment, a general
fluidity in the program applies because
of slippage and other construction fac-
tors.
The CHAIRMAN. The time of the
gentleman from New York [Mr. OSTER-
TAG] has expired.
(Mr. OSTERTAG asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield
15 minutes to the gentleman from Wis-
consin [Mr. DAvis].
(Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin asked and
was given permission to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. Mr. Chair-
man, I find myself in general agreement
with the statements which have been
previously made in connection with the
military construction program we have
before us today, and it is entirely to that
program that I wish to devote my allot-
ted time.
The chairman of the subcommittee,
the gentleman from Texas [Mr. MAHON],
mentioned the difficulties under which
we were required to work in conducting
the hearings on the military-construc-
tion program. That certainly was true.
It seems that in this program, as long as
I have known it, we have always been re-
quired to labor under extreme difficulties
in trying to bring to the floor of this
House an appropriation bill for military
construction. The major responsibility
for that, of course, must lie with the ex-
ecutive department, because the repre-
sentatives of the Department of Defense
have failed to bring legislation before
this Congress in a timely fashion. I
know that the Committee on Armed
Services has gone out of its way to bring
authorizing legislation to the floor of
this House promptly after it has been
submitted to it. There ought to be a
reasonable lapse of time after the au-
thorizing legislation has been before the
Congress, so that the staff of the Com-
mittee on Appropriations could go
through the justifications of the things
that have been authorized, so that the
committee would be prepared to conduct
hearings in an orderly and informative
manner after that legislation has been
passed. In my experience that has never
been the case.
I can recall that back in 1951, which
was the first year I served on the sub-
committee that handled this appropria-
tion, we were called back here in Septem-
ber, and a huge stack of justifications
was submitted to us; because at that
time we feared, with no little justifica-
tion, that the war going on in Korea
might well be the beginning of world war
III. So we attempted to get some grasp
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For Relea e 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R0100180005-6
9022 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
of what was submitted to us, and finally,
because the executive department itself
had not formulated a program for the
expansion of the physical facilities of the
Armed Forces commensurate with what
we thought might be ahead as a result of
Korea, we finally had to end up with a
lump sum without any pinpointing of the
appropriation whatsoever.
In 1952, it was substantially the same
story over again. Shortly before the
Congress had made up its mind to ad-
journ, hugestacks of justifications to the
extent of $1,800,000,000 were submitted
to the committee. Members of the com-
mittee, after some consideration of what
they might possibly do, finally ended up
again with a lump sum appropriation of
about $1,200,000,000.
We did a little better in 1952 than in
1951. At that time there was set up a
grid of so much for each command, and
so much for each purpose, broad cate-
gories such as pavements and utilities
within the amounts allotted by those
commands, and that grid plan was put
into operation for funding Air Force
construction, being known generally as
"the Davis grid." During that year,
1952, the executive branch and the Con-
gress were both pretty much at sea as
to what was going on in the field of
military construction. The Riley sub-
committee was established and an at-
tempt was made to go Into the standard-
izing of facilities and the charges of
waste and inefficiency in this program
that were reported to the committee, in-
cluding the much-publicized situation in
French Morocco. I think the work of
that subcommittee still stands as an ex-
ample of judicious, conscientious investi-
gation into this kind of program, and I
think this entire Congress is indebted to
the gentleman from South Carolina for
the work which he accomplished in that
session.
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, willthe
gentleman yield?
Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. I yield.
Mr. MAHON. I want to concur inthe
gentleman's statement in regard to the
work of this subcommittee upon which
the gentleman from Wisconsin served so
effectively.
Does not the gentleman think that the
sort of job that was done there has paid
dividends and been helpful to us with
respect to further developments in mili-
tary public works?
And does not the gentleman think that
the public works program as it has pro-
gressed through the years since Korea
has gradually improved and is improved
now over last year and the year before?
Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. I am sure
that is the case, and I think we can trace
the standardization of facilities both in
terms of physical structures and the
costing structures in the Military Estab-
lishment to the work which was done by
that subcommittee in 1952.
It was not until the late autumn of the
year 1952 that the executive department
finally began to attempt to get these
things under overall control, We had
the three branches of the service running
off in three different directions with dif-
ferent criteria of construction and no
attempt to standardize the structures or
costing. Late in 1952 Frank Creedon
was appointed as a Director of Installa-
tions within the Department of Defense,
by the Secretary of Defense, in an at-
tempt to coordinate the military public-
works program. There was a conscien-
tious man. He did as much as he was
permitted to do under the circumstances.
The trouble is that he was not given the
authority to do the job that needed to be
done.
Then came 1953, and in that year there
was an overall revision that took place,
because Defense Department officials
were attempting to get their feet on the
ground with respect not just to installa-
tions but to the whole operational con-
cepts of the armed services: and In that
year our subcommittee attempted to pin-
point each particular line item, and there
was a grant of funds to construct each
of the approved line items. The diffi-
culty was that the Armed Forces simply
were not equipped in terms of organiza-
tion and manpower to proceed in an
orderly fashion on the size of the con-
struction program that was contem-
plated. So there were slips and lapses
here and there. Therefore, we went into
the 1955 fiscal year with huge unobli-
gated balances.
Last year we adopted a new system.
We tried to work out something that rep-
resented a workable compromise between
the years of 1951 and 1952 when we had
to literally give them a lump sum and
say: "You put it wherever you think It
will do the most good," and what we
attempted to do in 1953, the pinpointing
of a certain amount of money for every
single line Item. That was the dual sys-
tem that was put into effect by the sub-
committee last year of setting up a pro-
gram and saying: This is the program
upon which you can build, but we know
you are not going to be able to build all
of those things. You are going to have
trouble acquiring land here, you are go-
ing to have difficulty with architecture
there, difficulty with planning some-
where else and difficulty with letting
contracts: so we will appropriate a less-
er amount and let you use that money
across the broad field of the specific
items of the program we have approved,
That permitted them a flexibility
which proved, in my opinion, to be very
effective. At the time of the hearings
this year it was clear that this huge un-
obligated balance had disappeared in
all three branches of the service. It is
true there is what may appear to be a
large amount of money carried over un-
obligated Into this 1955 fiscal year, but
in any construction program of this kind
and of the magnitude that it involves,
there has to be, in my opinion, an ob-
ligated carryover in the neighborhood of
about 20 percent in order that the pipe-
lines will be filled for the first quarter
of the new fiscal year before the new
money becomes available. That has
been accomplished substantially as of
this date and I would say under the
flexible program which this subcommit-
tee Instituted last year, we are in pretty
good shape as far as the unobligated
balances of this program are concerned.
.
prom-
The executive branch apparently ised improvement on that score in the
thought it was a good idea too, because next year by Assistant Secretary of De-
July 14
the program that was submitted to the
committee this year was geared to that
basis: a program on the one hand and
a smaller amount of requested money
on the other that could be obligated
across the field of the approved program
of construction items.
Our programs for military construc-
tion in past years, at least in recent
years, have been characterized by a
couple of things that I think should be
called to your attention, primarily be-
cause they do not apply to the program
that we have before us now. One of
them was what we used to call an
austerity program. We were dealing
with the bare essentials, we were doing
things plainly, without frills, at what
we thought was a minimum reasonable
cost.
The second characteristic of that pro-
gram as we knew it then was that we
were going to get it done in about the
1957 fiscal year. We anticipated that
requests for appropriations would taper
off in the next fiscal year after this one.
Neither of those things is applicable
to the program we have before us. It is
not proper to call this an austerity pro-
gram because instead of dealing mainly
in operational requirements without
frills, this program, for the first time,
is geared to a number of frills. In other
words, there is emphasis on welfare ac-
tivities, service activities, and recrea-
tional activities, and that is completely
consistent with what apparently is the
prevailing view and part of the prevail-
ing program to make life pleasant
enough In the armed services so that
enlistment rates will remain high and
we will not need to resort to selective
service to such a large extent.
The second thing is that we forgot any
thought of tapering off in the 1957 fiscal
year. I suppose the program submitted
to you next year will be just as large as
the one we have before us this year, and
I will be surprised if the one that is sub-
mitted for fiscal 1958 is much smaller
than the one we now have before us.
I do not know when we can reasonably
anticipate a tapering oil of the requests
for military construction.
The only major criticism that I would
have with respect to the bill as it is now
reported would be a failure to pinpoint
the limitations on the overall program.
I think the money that is involved-and
I suppose that is a major consideration-
is completely consistent with my own
personal point of view. But, I do feel
that we have failed to pinpoint limita-
tions on the overall program, and, of
course, where the commitments are
made. When you commit yourself to the
building of a program, it does not make
too much difference whether you are
going to put the money in this year or
next year It is going to cost just as much,
and If the cost of construction continues
to go up, it will cost more, perhaps, if the
money is put in in a subsequent year.
But there again I cannot place any im-
mediate responsibility on the part of the
members of the committee. It is part
of the failure of the executive branch to
submit this program to the Congress in
a timely fashion
We have been
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T002400b100180005-6
CONGRESSIONAL, RECORD - HOUSE
9023
fense Floete, because I think we on the construction of military bases. This throughout the years many of our
committee owe a` responsibility to the committee was originally set up by the greatest military leaders have studied at
Congress and the people of doing a better distinguished gentleman from Missouri this institution and I know of by own
job than it has been physically possible [Mr. CANNON] in an effort to coordinate personal knowledge that this new facility
for us to do in, presenting this year's the military construction program and is a necessity. Furthermore, to deny
program. work out a useful and at the same time this much-needed academic building is
So, with those weaknesses, which are an economical construction program in to detract from the dignity and prestige
not important weakness on the part of the services. Through the efforts of the of our country.
anyone in this room, or for which they staff and the members of the committee, Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I yield
must accept major responsibility, I sup- with the exception of the gentleman who 3 minutes to the gentleman from Cali-
port the bill as it stands before us, and is speaking, they did work out a program fornia [Mr. HOLXFIELDI.
I hope the majority of this House will and spotlighted it to the Army, Navy and (Mr. HOLIFIELD asked and was given
do likewise. Air Force. I think the program has permission to revise and extend his
Mr. REES of Kansas. Mr. Chairman, progressed and is still progressing. I remarks.)
will the gentleman yield? think it has become more realistic and Mr. HOLIFIELD. Mr. Chairman, in
Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. I yield to more practical and I believe will continue looking through the report of the sub-
the gentleman from Kansas. in that direction as a result of the study committee I note, on page 11, at the bot-
Mr. REES of Kansas. I just want to made by this committee and the spot- tom of the page, the committee reports
say that .this House and the Congress lighting of the weaknesses and the recog- that they eliminated $12,650,000 to pro-
and the country are indebted to the gen- nition on the part of the military defense vide for the design and construction of
tleman from Wisconsin who just ad- forces of the suggestions of this sub- a hull of a new atomic-powered mer-
dressed the House and the group to committee. chant ship. And, on page 51, at the
which he belongs for the splendid service I appreciate the gentleman from Wis- bottom of the page of the report, it says:
rendered this country in dealing with consin bringing this matter to the at- The merchant ship Reactor, for which $21
this most intricate. problem. tention of the House, and I am sure the million was programed, has not been au-
Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. I thank the House appreciates the very fine service thorized, and the funds have been disal-
gentleman. that he has given. He has given un- lowed.
Mr. SCRIVNER. Mr. Chairman, will stintingly of his time and efforts and I want to compliment the committee
the gentleman yield? talents to bring success to this program, on +,.,;~ . _ _ ___ ___._
?.. __ .. I __ .., w . ___ . _~ _ .. ......,..a.. - ergy since its inception, I believe that
Mr. SCRIVNER. concur in the re- man, I simply want to say when these I can state, without exaggeration, that
marks made by the gentleman from Wis- remarks are submitted to me for revi- I am one of those on the committee who
consin about the gentleman from South sion, I intend to take the liberty of strik- wants to see an atomic reactor of a type
Carolina [Mr. RILEY], but I believe he ing out the exception which the gentle- that would be available for a surface
has been unduly modest, because the man made with respect to himself. ship developed just as quickly as it can
gentleman from Wisconsin labored with Mr. CANNON. Mr. Chairman, I yield be developed. In fact, we put into the
the gentleman from South Carolina on such time as he may desire to the gen- authorization bill for construction sev-
that committee and helped bring about tleman from Missouri [Mr. HULL]. eral items along this line, one of which
that possible result. (Mr. HULL asked and was given per- for $25 million was to be used for re-
gentlemanMr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. I thank the mission to extend his remarks at this search and development in reactors,
. Point in the RECORD). I regret to say has been elimi-
I suppose it might be proper for me Mr. HULL. Mr. Chairman, this col- which noted by the committee. But I shall
to add here, if the gentleman from South lege, the Command and General staff speak at some length on that at a dif-
Carolina who has just risen will bear College, at Ft. Leavenworth, Kans., is ferent time.
with me, I think I took more than the the senior tactical school of the United But in regard to the $21 million re-
normal amount of disappointment when States Army and the only Army school actor fund that was disallowed for a
the subcommittee organization for of combined arms. Upon the proper ac- merchant ship, the committee followed
handling this program was changed in complishment of its mission depends the the general thinking of the majority of
this 84th Congress, because I felt there successful tactical implementation of the members of the Joint Committee on
was an unusual affection and under- our war plan. It is an extremely criti- Atomic Energy. There are several rea-
standing and conscientious cooperation cal component of our national defense. sons why we were against that $21 mil-
that existed among the members of the The course of instruction at this col- lion item. The main reason was that an
subcommittee that handled this pro- lege is being conducted in three build- attempt at this time to build a Nautilus-
gram during the 83d Congress, and that ings which were originally constructed type reactor which would have been
certainly includes a man who devoted and used respectively as a stable, riding merely an enlargement of the reactor
all his working hours to furnishing the hall, and World War II temporary gym- which is used in the submarine Nautilus
members of the subcommittee with the nasium. They are inadequate for the would have been very expensive. It
information they needed to attempt to accomplishment of the mission of the would have involved, for the ship, the
do an intelligent job with respect to this college and have been uneconomical to hull, and the reactor, anywhere from $34
program, and, of course, I refer to Frank maintain since they were converted to million to $47 million. It would have
Sanders, who served as the executive college classroom space and are becom- produced a ship which had an obsolete
clerk of this subcommittee during the ing progressively more expensive to keep atomic reactor in it, It could not have
83d Congress. in a a serviceable condition. They do carried a pound more of cargo. It would
geMr. RILEY. Mr. Chairman, will the not measure up to the facilities pro- have cost, according to our estimates,
leman yield? vided for similar level colleges operated approximately 10 times as much to run
Mr. DAVIS of Wisconsin. I yield to by the other services and are not in it as an ordinary merchant ship. In
the gentleman from South Carolina. keeping with the dignity of this college other words, for a quarter of the cost
Mr. RILEY. I wish to concur in the and United States world leadership in and for a tenth of the operating cost
remarks made by the gentleman from the eyes of the many foreign dignitaries you can have a merchant ship that will
Kansas in regard to the splendid con- who visit here each year and of the se- do all the functions which this ship
tribution of the gentleman from Wiscon- lect allied officers in the student body- would perform.
sin. I wish to express my appreciation 85 from 42 allied countries this year. In the authorization legislation from
to the gentleman from Wisconsin for Further, the Department of the Army the Atomic Energy Commission there
the very extravagant remarks he has program planning is aimed toward an was a $50 million item for the develop-
made about me. The study referred to . increase of over 25 percent in the student ment of what we commonly call a car-
was a cooperative movement on the part load of selected Regular Army, National rier-type ship reactor. This carrier-type
of the Committee on Appropriations in Guard, and Reserve officers by Septem- reactor would not be a single reactor, it
order to bring about a more realistic ber 1957, the date planned for the open- would be created in multiples of 2, 4, 6,
and a more practical program in the ing of this building. 8, something on that line. When those
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For eFle'ase 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T002450100180005-6
9024 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE July 14
reactors are developed any one of more laid aside for pressure of various kinds. way cure the present ills that face the
of those reactors can be placed in a I hope we can go Into these matters low-income farmers. I do feel, and our
merchant ship and used for ship pro- more fully next year and get some cor- committee felt, and we so expressed our-
pulsion, so, in effect, that type of re- rection. selves In our report that the farm situa-
search and development work is going For one I have tried to point out the tion is bad enough; and we felt we
on. It will go on under Admiral Rick- reasons In the hearings and have urged should give the Persident and the ad-
over, who is the best man I know of to Investigations to substantiate the case I ministration these requested funds to
get the job done, with the limited num- believe the hearings have made. try to relieve the situation. Again, may
ber of physicists, scientists, and engi- We have succeeded in our efforts to I say I cleared that with the gentleman
neers who are capable of doing that get these matters investigated. I am from North Carolina [Mr. COOLEY] and
high-class work. I am sure under the pleased to state at the present time we the gentleman from Texas [Mr. POAGE].
program already authorized this work of have in the Committee on Appropria- We acted after they said the thing to do
building a reactor which is appropriate tions investigations either cleared or was to go ahead, and if subsequently
for a merchant marine ship will be done. going on at the moment on procurement, any change was made in attitude, we
Therefore, I compliment the committee public works and on many, many other could raise it when it reached the floor
on recognizing these facts and deleting activities of the Department of National of the House. If the items go out, I do
these amounts from the appropriation Defense. This information will be made not think we will have lost a great deal.
bill. available to the committee next year, But, I will say to the committee that
Mr. HAYS of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, and at that time we will be able to sus- your subcommittee on agricultural ap-
will the gentleman yield? tain many of things, I think, which we propriations have put these items in the
Mr. HOLIFIELD. I yield. see should be corrected. bill because, certainly, we want to be in
Mr. HAYS of Ohio. There are a great Mr. Chairman, my prime purpose in a position of supporting the President
number of merchant ships moored up taking this time is to put into the RECORD in his efforts to relieve this low-income
and down the Hudson and In other bar- and to bring to your attention actions of farm situation. I cannot help but say,
bors that are available in ease of neces- the appropriations' subcommittee for however, in our report we also pointed
sity. As I understand, if this reactor is agriculture. I know it has been noised out that the suggested course of the ad-
developed, it will be of a type that can abroad in the last day or two that the ministration was missing the boat and
perhaps be placed in those ships to make Committee on Appropriations had put would not relieve the situation which
them fast and usable and bring them up various legislative provisions in the ap- they attempt to relieve.
to date. propriation bill. There are several of Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN. Mr.
Mr. HOLIFIELD. I think there is a those in the agricultural subcommittee's Chairman, will the gentleman yield?
possibility of that being done, all right, Mr. WHITTEN. I yield to my col-
although of this bill. In every instance, league from Minnesota.
although the hull that may be needed these are at the request of President Mr. H. CARL ANDERSEN? Mr.
may be of a special type. Eisenhower in connection with aid to the Chairman, leman
hedITT gentl has
Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield low-income farmer. I have been serving from Mississippi the the pi i distinguished
10 minutes to the gentleman from Mis- on this appropriations'subcommittee for stated position exactly as E exists.
sissippi [Mr. WHITTEN]. some 10 years. for 5 years I have been the
placed these items is the il s. bi at
(Mr. WHITTEN asked and was given chairman of it. During that period of W We the have request ve el placa the administration the and
Lmr.
permission to revise and extend his re- time i have never written legislation in the the gentleman from Mississippi and both
marks.) that bill nor has our subcommittee, WHITTENI and I hope that in spite of the
Mr. WRIT EN. Mr. Chairman, I where we did not first go to the leaders fact that points of order would lie
shall not belabor the committee by going of legislative committee on agriculture against them, that they will remain in
Into the various phases of our military and asked if they did not wish us to do the bill.
program and the system of handling the it. This is no exception. I went to the Mr. WRITTEN I thank the gentle-
military programs in our appropriation gentleman from North Carolina [Mr. man May I say there has been one ex-
clearly legislative process. The hearings COOLEY] and to the gentleman of Texas
clearly point this out. [Mr. POAGEI pointing out that this was ception insofar as legislation we have
I have served on the Armed Services the last appropriation and that the had in this bill in former years is con-
Appropriations Committee, being back President had asked for certain rela- cerned.
One exception where we have asked
on it this year after being off for a num- tively minor and small amounts of
ber of years. You could not be on a money to carry out his program, and for a rule was-at the request of the legis-
committee where the members are more asked If they did not think it wise to put lative committee on agriculture. Two
able or one where they work harder or it in this bill. The said it would be or three years ago the committee had
where it is more of a pleasure to serve to go ahead; then the amounts failed to pass a new authorization bill
with them. My complaints have been It n were put into this bill. The only excep- for the ACP program, and at their re-
directed of - manent t re aai estate esate thebas ees ans and n on t th hes sizze e tion to that is we have in the bill pro- quest we included funds and asked for
anent l s and sided a grade 17 for a salesmanager of a rule. Except for that, may I again say
of the whole military operations contin- the Commodity Credit Corporation. the legislative provisions have always
uing at present levels for 20 or 30 years. That is a $7 billion corporation. It has been cleared with the leaders of that
sales policy o no atmanager. committee. The ones we have today are
I have also raised the question if per- bad That
haps by appropriating the full amount of at the request of the President. I do not
money that completed contracts might In our recent report on our regular think it will do a great deal, but I am
cost in advance, we were not inviting the appropriation bill, we pointed out those willing for him to have his chance to
actual expenditure of those funds. In facts and I am pleased to note that sub- bring about some relief for the low-in-
our efforts to restrict or to contain the sequent to that the Department of Agri- come farmers.
public works expansion of the military, culture has appointed a sales manager I have asked permission to revise and
I wonder if sometimes we have not fol- for the Commodity Credit Corporation. extend my remarks, and I will include
lowed a program which tends to make He was appointed July 1. - In other a copy of our report and such other in-
the Armed Services Committee and the words, while that item appears in the bill, formation which we have, which more
Appropriations Committee really the it is only a question of whether you pay clearly shows this picture.
or picture.
Public Works Committee. It is to them him at the same rate as others in the clearly shows this
RURAL
that chambers of commerce, cities and Department who do similar work. We do DEPARTMENT of AeR PROGRAM
towns look for spending military money not have to pass any authorization for On A26DEVELOPMENT . 1955, tPresident submitted
by locating military establishments the creation of the position. The right, n April sid attention to
there. I say that without any criticisms already existed with the Department. Congress il the need for a message the
further re calling at the more
n farm families which
of any individuals involved, but it has We just found fault because they did not than 1,500,000 Americaassistance to
come to our attention In these hearings see fit to exercise It. Personally, I do now have an income of less than $1,000 per
in several Instances where selections not know whether objections will be year. In the words of the President:
were made, expenditures were made, made to the items in this bill or not. "In this wealthiest Nation where per capita
where certain
w and costs to the Government seem to be we have in our bill tarsee e going toe in Items income i the any than one-fourthiofe the f mill so that more
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-R DP63T05R000100180005-6
1955
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
9025
on the farms still have cash income of less
than $1,000 a year. They neither share fully
in our economic and social progress; nor
contribute as much as they would like and
can contribute to the Nation's production
of goods and services."
In an effort to meet this problem, the Bu-
reau of the Budget on May 26, 1955, sub-
mitted to the Congress supplemental budget
estimates (H. Doc. No. 171) to enlarge the
programs of the Department of Agriculture
in the following amounts:
Direct appropriations
Agricultural Research Service___- $380,000
Extension. Service_______________ 1,285,000
Soil Conservation Service --------
150, 000
-Agricultural Marketing Service___
250, 000
Farmers' Home Administration---
850, 000
Office of General Counsel ---------
36, 000
Office of Secretary------------- -
19,000
Office of Information ------------
30, 000
3,000,000
Loan authorizations
Farmers' Home Administration:
Production
loans _
and subsistence
- 15, 000,
000
Small - farm
development
loans--------------------- 15,000
000
30, 000,
000
The program for which these funds are
requested, as outlined to the committee by
the Under Secretary of Agriculture, proposes
to find solutions to the problems of these
farmers through improving production and
marketing practices, by shifting from full-
time to part-time farming, by encouraging
off-farm employment wherever possible, and
by appealing to local States and communities
to help at the local level. The additional
funds provide for increased research, exten-
sion, and soil-conservation work by the De-
partment and an expansion of the loan pro-
gram of the Farmers' Home Administration.
With some misgivings, the committee is
approving the full amount requested, since
the serious plight of the farmers throughout
the country is such as to require the en-
couragement of every action which may help,
even if only in a small way. The committee
believes that the Department of Agriculture,
State, and local agencies, and the people
themselves should be given every opportunity
to foster and promote those measures which
the Secretary feels will contribute to solving
the unfortunate plight of these 1,500,000
low-income farmers. According to the De-
partment's own survey, 130,000 additional
low-income farmers were added by cotton-
acreage reductions this year and 58,000 farm-
ers were forced off of farms entirely by such
action. The committee is going along with
the President's proposal in the hope that it
will enable him and the Secretary of Agri-
culture to recognize that reductions in the
level of price support, without proper pro-
vision for meeting increased farm costs, and
reduced acreage made necessary by failure
of the Department to sell in world markets
at competitive prices, are the factors which
are creating the very conditions which they
hope to correct.
At the same time, the majority of the
members of the committee do not consider
the Secretary's proposal as a real farm pro-
gram, nor do they feel that it reaches the
basic causes of the problem. They are of
the opinion that it can in no way substitute
for a farm program which would meet pres-
ent rising costs, decreased volume, and re-
duced prices; and they are certain that it will
not provide sufficiently adequate income to
the farmer, in the immediate future, to en-
able him to stay on the farm.
While the committee recognizes that off-
farm employment has been helpful to rural
families in maintaining a reasonable stand-
ard of living in some areas, the majority the only country which follows such a short-
of its members have little confidence in a sighted policy.
program designed to encourage them to look By refusing to sell, the CCC has built its
to city employment in preference to con- stocks up by billions of dollars, paying huge
sidering agriculture as a worthwhile occupa- amounts of storage. Such storage expense
tion and a wholesome way of life. They can will soon reach the staggering total of $1
see some real dangers to the American way million per day, largely on commodities
of life if the present trend away from the which are not offered in world trade at com-
farm is allowed to continue and actually petitive prices.
encouraged by the Secretary. Further, since Then further, such commodities, under the
the present problem in many areas of the formula in the law, are counted to reduce the
country Is one of creating additional em- farmer's acreage and marketing quotas.
ployment for people now living in the cities Thus, the farmer's trouble and his reduced
and towns, they cannot accept this feature income under 90-percent supports have come
of the administration's proposal as a long- about largely because of his constant price-
range solution to agricultural problems. now a reduced price under the parity formula
Mr. Morse, Under Secretary of Agriculture, of the administration-multiplied by a con-
speaking for the Department, told the com- stantly reduced volume, less ever-increasing
mittee that the increased costs incident to costs.
the President's requested increase in mini- It is the belief of the majority of the
mum wages for labor would not appreciably members of the committee that to solve pres-
hurt the low-income farmers. Mr. Morse ent difficulties Congress and the Secretary
further stated that reducing price supports of Agriculture must correct two weaknesses
had not and would not appreciably hurt the in present programs. The first is to adopt
farmer. He also attempted to defend the a plan which will maintain reasonable prices
Department in its refusal to sell in world for agricultural commodities. Nearly every
markets at truly competitive prices, which segment of this country's economy is sup-
thereby cuts the farmer's acreage, produc- ported by one means or another, and it ap-
tion, and income. pears entirely reasonable to provide some
Now, with the small farmer in bad finan- comparable protection to the agricultural
cial shape, as recognized by the President, producer. If this fact were fully understood
the United States Department of AgricUl- by all the people of the country, there is no
tune is asking the committee to believe that doubt in the minds of the majority of the
to lower his price, increase his cost, and cur- committee that there would be little objec-
tail his production will not appreciably hurt tion to such a program.
him. Perhaps the only thing left for the The second solution which must be fully
Department of Agriculture to recommend is recognized and vigorously pursued is to make
that the low-income farmer get a job in certain that agricultural commodities ac-
town. And that is largely what the Presi- quired by the Commodity Credit Corpora-
dent, his Bureau of the Budget, and his De- tion as a part of a price-support program
partment of Agriculture have recommended are sold on a truly competitive basis as au-
to the committee in support of funds pro- thorized by law. The majority of the com-
vided in the accompanying bill. mittee would point out that the Commodity
The farmers of this Nation received 12 Credit Corporation has full authority in its
percent of the national income in 1946, 11.6 basic charter to sell agricultural commod-
percent in 1948. 9.4 percent in 1951; and in ities abroad at competitive prices, which will
1954 the farmer's share of the national in- move them into world trade channels.
come dropped to 7.2 percent. This year the Committee hearings disclose that, while
indications are that this percentage will go the Department holds a convenient price
down still further, with a drop of $1 billion umbrella over world production, American
in farm income in sight. It is expected that financial interests have increased their pro-
the national income will increase another duction in foreign countries as fast as the
$20 billion at the same time. American farmers have been reduced at
Supporters of flexible supports frequently home. A recent study by the investigative
contend that a 75 percent of parity support staff of this committee shows that in Mexico,
program will not hurt the farmer, because cotton production has increased from a pre-
he is already hurt under 90-percent support. war average of 324,000 bales to a postwar
It is true that he has been in very bad finan- 5-year average of 577,000 bales and to 1,780,-
cial shape, but in the absence of price sup- 000 bales in the crop year 1954-55; at the
ports his situation would have been much same time, cotton exports have increased
worse. from 105,000 to 1,150,000 bales. This study
The farmer's income is dependent upon also shows the following with reference to
the volume he produces, multiplied by the cotton production increases in other areas
price he receives, less his cost. In recent of the world:
years the farmer's prices have been reduced, in the Middle Eastern countries of Turkey,
and his cost has gone up greatly, more than Syria, Iran, and Iraq, cotton production de-
12 percent in the last few years. The Presi. creased from a prewar 5-year average of 459,-
dent has requested an increase in the mini- 000 bales to a postwar 5-yeas average of. 390,-
mum wage for labor and has supported in- 000 bales and then increased to 1,260,000
creases in income for other groups. As a bales in the crop year 1954-55. Cotton ex-
result, farm costs are bound to continue ports for the same-periods decreased from
to go up. With his income dependent upon 157,000 to 85,000 and then increased to 684,
price times volume, reducing the price can 000 bales. It is believed that there will be
only make the farmer's situation worse. A continued increases in cotton production in
majority of the committee believes that what the Middle East.
is needed is to at least maintain the price Cotton production in Nicaragua, EI Sal-
the farmer has been receiving, and to in- vador, and Guatemala has increased steadily
crease his volume of production by selling from approximately 50,000 bales 4 years ago
competitively in world markets what he to an estimated 300,000 bales in 1954-55. A
produces. further increase of about 100,000 bales is
In the opinion of a majority of the com- expected in 1955-56, and potential annual
mittee, what has really hurt the farmer is production estimates after several more
that his production has not been sold in years of development range from 700,000
world markets-because the Department of to 900,000 bales.
Agriculture has not offered such commod- In Peru, cotton production has increased
sties for sale at truly competitive prices. 25 percent during the past 5 years to 505,000
According to the Department's own testi- bales in 1954-55. During the same period
mony, almost $4 billion worth of farm com- exports, which are a large proportion of
modities are in the hands of the Government, production, Increased 25 percent. However,
and are not being offered in world trade at it is reported the Peruvian Government holds
competitive prices. The United States is cotton and sugar production (the most
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R0001-00180005-6
 Approved For Relea e 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R0100180005-6
OW4
9026 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
profitable crops) under strict control in order
to Insure the production of adequate food
crops.
This same situation also exists for other
crops. For example, this same committee
report reveals the following with reference
to wheat:
Sharp increases in wheat acreage and pro-
duction have been recorded in a number of
the European and Middle Eastern countries
which have received substantial foreign aid
grants in recent years.
France, although reducing slightly the
acreage devoted to wheat in 1954 as com-
pared with the 1935-39 average, produced
over a third or 100 million bushels more
wheat in 1954 than In the prewar years.
Turkey has almost doubled her wheat acre-
age since the 1935-36 to 1939-40 average and
more than doubled her total production in
1953-54. Unfavorable yields in 1954-55 re-
sulted in a sharp drop in wheat production
as compared with a year earlier, yet It re-
mained a third higher than in the prewar
years.
Greece although on a net import basis has
Increased her wheat acreage 20 percent and
production by 50 percent as compared with
prewar years.
Most Latin American countries, as a part
of their programs to increase home food pro-
duction, have expanded their wheat acreage
and production. The acreage in wheat in
Mexico has Increased 50 percent while pro-
duction has more than doubled since the
period 1935-36 to 1939-40. Although wheat
is a minor crop In Peru, the acreage has In-
creased 50 percent and production has almost
doubled as compared with prewar years,
TOadCCO
World tobacco production Increased from
an annual average of 6.5 billion pounds in the
1935-39 period to 7.8 billion pounds in 1954
or an increase of 20 percent. During this
same period the world acreage devoted to
tobacco production Increased from 7.5 mil-
lion acres to 8.6 million acres or an increase
of 15 percent.
United States production of tobacco in-
creased from 1.5 billion pounds in the period
1935-39 to 2.2 billion pounds in 1954. an
increase of 47 percent, in spite of the fact
that the acreage devoted to tobacco in 1954
was slightly smaller than the 1935 to 1939
acreage.
Canada and southern Rhodesia are among
the more important countries from the
standpoint of tobacco production increases.
In both of these countries the expansion
has been encouraged by long-term contracts
offered by British tobacco companies.
Increases in acreage and production from
1935-39 to 1954 are as follows:
Percent
increase in
acreage
Canada-----------------------
Southern Rhodesia------------
Percent
Increase in
production
Japan has increased her tobacco acreage
from 92,000 acres in 1935-39 to 172,000 acres
in 1954 and from a production of 149 million
ponds In the prewar years of 258 million
pounds in 1954.
Turkey has increased her production of
tobacco sharply from 128 million pounds in
the prewar years to 206 million pounds in
1954 and acreage from 194,000 acres to 323,000
acres during the same period.
Italy also has increased both acreage and
production of tobacco over 50 percent during
the same period.
Brazil, by far the largest tobacco producer
in Latin America, has increased her tobacco
acreage from 250,000 acres in 1935-39 to 433,-
000 acres in 1954. Tobacco production in
Brazil Increased from 203 million pounds a
year in the 193&39 period to 296 million
pounds in 1954, an Increase of 46 percent.
Colombia almost doubled both tobacco
acreage and production in the same period,
and Mexico more than doubled her produc-
tion with about 50 percent Increase in
acreage.
Tobacco production has declined In India,
Pakistan, and Iran.
Flue-cured tobacco usually accounts for
about 80 percent of all United States exports.
World production of this type of leaf has
shown striking increases. The acreage of
flue-cured tobacco In the major present and
potential competing countries Increased from
384.000 acres to 1,045 million acres, 172 per-
cent, between 1935-39 and 1954 and produc-
tion Increased from 370.8 million pounds to
986.1 million pounds, 168 percent, during the
same period.
Tobacco production Is expected to Increase
further in the sterling area countries where
British interests are stimulating increased
-production. Further increases in acre yields
also are expected in most countries, especially
In Latin America.
The committee study also developed the
following with respect to American financial
Interests behind these Increases in produc-
tion abroad:
The survey made to date on this phase of
the directive Indicates that the major portion
of private United States capital Investments,
financing and management, has been concen-
trated to a large extent on one of the basic
commodities, cotton, and that this activity
has been substantially limited to Mexico,
Central and South America, generally re-
ferred to as Latin America.
Here the Increased agricultural production,
extensive in cotton but also to a lesser degree
in other basic commodities, has been gen-
erated to an important extent by United
States private interests. Although it is not
now indicated that much actual farming or
production has been undertaken by Ameri-
cans. in many Instances the establishment of
markets. cotton gins, elevators, processing
plantsand the financing of production has
provided the incentive and Impetus for an
Important part of the increased output.
In Mexico, Anderson, Clayton & Co. has in-
creased its net capital Investment account in
plants and equipment by $8,911,709 to a total
of $12,653,316 during the period July 31. 1947,
to July 31, 1954; and in Brazil by $7.140,303 to
a total of $15,354,158 for the same period.
This company has Increased total net capital
Investment in plants and equipment in all
Latin American operations, by approximately
$18,791,214 to a total of $33,073,037 for the
same period. As of March 1955 Anderson.
Clayton's foreign plants consisted of 15 com-
press and warehouse units, 22 oil mills, 112
cotton gins, 10 oil refineries, 5 finished prod-
uct plants. and 5 soap plants. The company
operates through a number of subsidiaries In
Mexico, Argentina, Brazil, Peru, and Para-
guay. allof which are mostly wholly owned.
Operations were started In Mexico about 1924
and In Peru, Brazil. Argentina, and Paraguay
during 1933-35. Crop loans in all foreign op-
erations as of July 31, 1954, were $14,955,477.
(Source: SEC records and company reports.)
The Corn Products Co. has plants, and
grain operations at Guadalajara. Mexico, in
Argentina, and in Brazil. It manufactures
and distributes products using corn or milo-
maize as the raw materials. As of December
31. 1054, investment of this company in for-
eign subsidiaries built up over some period of
time is listed at $14,749,000. During 1954.
foreign sales of corn products by the com-
pany's domestic plants total $11,888,041 or
approximately 5 percent of total sales. Latest
figures for sales of its foreign subsidiaries
show that in 1953 these amounted to $95.313.-
550. (Source, SEC records and company
reports.)
July 14
The W. R. Grace Co. has one of its principal
foreign operations in Peru. Peruvian subsid-
iaries of the Grace Co., jointly owned with
leading local industrialists, operate 4 inte-
grated cotton mills, the largest in Peru, 2
sugar estates of approximately 10,000 acres
each, and numerous other merchandising,
exporting, and importing activities. These
subsidiaries buy large quantities of cotton,
mostly for their own mills, although some is
exported. The Grace Co. has other cotton
mills in Colombia and Chile. In the latter
country it produces 20 percent of Chile's cot-
ton and rayon blend cloth and, in addition,
some woolen goods. Overall, Grace's Latin
American affiliates produced in 1954, 97,600,-
000 yards of cotton, rayon and woolen fabrics.
W. R. Grace & Co. owns a large percentage of
the stock in the Grace National Bank of
New York City. The foreign branch of this
bank is closely connected with banking insti-
tutions in Latin America.
The Hohenberg Bros. Co. of Memphis is
one of the largest companies in the cotton
business. It finances and gins cotton in
Mexico with its subsidiaries Algodonera Ho-
henberg S. A. de C. V. In Mexico City, and
Empresas Hohenberg of Torreon. It also owns
Hohenberg, S. A. In Sao Paulo, Brazil, and
has a substantial amount of business in Eu-
rope, Africa, and Asia.
POINT 3
The extent to which such United States
financial interests receive special tax con-
cessions from the United States Government
on income from production in other
countries.
Federal Income tax treatment of United
States interests on Income from without
'the United States corporations
1. Introduction: The Internal Revenue
Code of 1954 provides certain credits or tax
advantages for United States corporations
doing business in 'United States possessions
or in foreign countries. In some instances
the credits are allowed to avert double taxa-
tion; in others special treatment is permitted
to encourage United States trade and invest-
ment abroad, particularly in this hemisphere.
The following is an outline of Federal in-
come-tax treatment accorded Income of do-
mestic corporations from without the United
States. The section references are to the In-
ternal Revenue Code of 1954, Public Law 591,
83d Congress, approved August 16, 1954.
2. Foreign Tax Credit (secs. 901-905) : A
domestic corporation may elect to take credit
against Its total income tax for any income,
war profits, or excess-profits taxes paid or ac-
crued during the taxable year to any foreign
country or to any possession of the United
States. The term "Income, war profits, and
excess-profits taxes" includes taxes paid In
lieu thereof, such as taxes based upon gross
sales or unit of production. The credit is
not allowed against the following United
States taxes: The tax on accumulated earn-
ings, the additional tax on war-loss recov-
eries or the personal-holding-company tax.
The amount of credit for foreign taxes is lim-
ited to the proportion of United States tax
applicable to that particular foreign income.
A credit Is also permitted a domestic cor-
poration for the proportionate part of foreign
taxes paid on Income by a foreign corpora-
tion which results In dividends to the do-
mestic corporation. At least 10 percent of
the voting stock of the foreign corporation
must be held. A further proportionate credit
Is allowed if such foreign corporation owns
50 percent or more of the voting stock of an-
other foreign corporation and receives divi-
dends therefrom, and such dividend becomes
part of the dividend paid to the domestic
corporation.
An example of the latter situation would
be: The A corporation, a domestic corpora-
tion. receives $100,000 in dividends from B
corporation, aforeign corporation in which
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T05R000100180005-6
1955 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE #
9027
A corporation holds more than the requisite 5. China Trade Act Corporations (sees. 941- States taxation only as gains subject to the
10 percent of the voting stock. B corporation 943) : Corporations organized under the limitation on taxation of capital gains.
in turn holds all of the stock of C corpora- China Trade Act, 1922 (15 U. S. C., ch. 4, Such corporations would fall essentially
tion, another foreign corporation. The ac- sec. 141 et seq.) are allowed a special-deduc- into two categories:
cumulated profits of B corporation amount tion derived from a proration of taxable (1) Those incorporated in the country in
to $400,000 (including a $50,000 dividend income from sources within Formosa and wh 2 h operations
incorporate co ducted ountries in
from C corporation). The foreign income Hong Kong, such deduction being limited (2) Those taxes paid by B corporation with respect to to the amount of the special dividend which which operations are not conducted but
such accumulated profits amounts to must be certified by the Secretary of Com- which favorable Instance, imposes tocorporations.
ncome tax
$120,000. C corporation has accumulated merce to the Secretary of the Treasury. Panama, an except for bmposes no iPanama.
profits of $300,000 with respect to which for- China Trade Act Corporation benefits are , business erme Bahama, and Liberia cor
eign taxes of $90,000 have been paid. believed to have an inconsequential effect Panama, Berm been frequently used.
Under these circumstances there would be on the agricultural situation under study. porations
foreign corpora are not under
added to the $120,000 tax with respect to 6. Dividends received from certain foreign Such
United States core ira and information er
the accumulated profits of B corporation: corporations (sec. 245) : Foreign corporation V U the eof their authority and is not now
$50,000 dividends (other than from a foreign per- to t the extent x Evon though such foreign cow
x $90,000, or $15,000 representing the sonal holding company) received by a do- available.
are fen though of domestic cor
300,000 mestic corporation are subject to a deduc- por
rations, United States taxation is avoided
foreign income tax paid upon that portion tion if- unless dividends are paid to the parent com-
`of the accumulated profits of C corporation (a) the foreign corporation is subject to ponies.
used in the payment of $50,000 dividend to United States income tax; and Individuals
B corporation. The total tax paid or deemed (b) if it has derived 50 percent or more
to have been paid by B corporation with of its gross income from sources within the 9. Introduction: The tax benefits to indi-
respect to its $400,000 accumulated profits united States for an uninterrupted period viduals from residence abroad, or from fin-
is $120,000 plus $15,000, or $135,000. of not less than 36 months, ending with the come from United States possessions or for-
The amount of tax deemed to have been close of such foreign corporations' taxable sign countries, are important in encouraging
paid by the domestic corporation with re- year in which such dividends are paid (or, United States citizens to accept employment
spect to the $100,000 dividend received from if the corporation has not been in existence or to invest abroad. The following sections
B corporation would then be: for 36 months at the close of such taxable outline these benefits.
$100,000 year), for the periods the foreign corpora- 10. Foreign tax credit (sees. 901, 903-5):
corporations credit described be also under
X$135,000, or $33,750, which may be tions have been in existence as of the close of The 2 foreign above tax
deplsee-
400,000 such taxable year. tion claimed as a foreign tax credit. The dividends received credit is 85 percent ble to individuals. All features enumerated
3. Western Hemisphere Trade Corp. (sees. but is limited to the percentage which the therein apply except for the credit allowed a
921-922) : A Western Hemisphere trade cor- gross income of such foreign corporation domestic corporation for a proportionate
poration is a domestic corporation all of from sources within the United States bears part of taxes paid by a foreign corporation.
whose business (other than incidental pur- to its gross income from all sources. 11. Earned income from sources without
.chases) is done in any country or countries 7. Tax treaties (sec. 894) : The code in the United States (sec. 911) : An individual
in North, Central, or South America, or in- section 894 provides: "Income of any kind, to citizen of the United States, who has been
the West Indies, and which satisfies the fol- the extent required by any treaty obligation a bona fide resident of a foreign country or
lowing conditions: of the United States, shall not be included countries for an uninterrupted period which
(1) if 95 percent or more of the gross in- in gross income and shall be exempt under includes an entire taxable year, is exempt
come for the 3-year period immediately pre- this subtitle." from tax on amounts received from sources
ceding the close of the taxable year (or for The development of United States busi- without the United States (except amounts
the part of such period the corporation was ness abroad and the increasing business done paid by the United States or any agency
in existence) was derived from sources with- in the United States by aliens throughout thereof) if such amounts constitute earned
out the United States; and the years have created complex tax prob. Income attributable to such period. The
(2) if 90 percent or more of its gross in- lems. To solve these problems equitably for individual is not entitled to any deductions
come for such period was derived from active taxpayers and to protect United States reve- related to such exempt Income, but. is al-
conduct of a trade or business. nues a number of tax treaties have been con- lowed personal exemptions.
A deduction in computing taxable income eluded, or are in negotiation. Exactly the same treatment is accorded
is allowed Western Hemisphere trade corpo- Basically, these treaties are designed to individual citizens who are present in a
rations as follows: eliminate international double taxation and foreign country or countries at least 510
(A) First determine the taxable income to assist in mutual tax enforcement. An full days during any period of 18 consecu-
'of the corporation. essential of such treaties is, therefore, the tive months. Under this provision, if the
(B) Multiply the amount determined in establishment of bases for determining 18-month period includes the entire taxable
(A) by the fraction- sources of income. year the amount excluded shall not exceed
(a) the numerator of which is 14 percent; Tax treaties have been concluded with the $20,000. If the 18-month period does not
and include the entire taxable year the amount
(b) the denominator of which is that per- following countries: Australia, Belgium, excluded from tax is the ratable portion.
centage which equals the sum of the normal Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, "Earned income," under these provisions,
tax rate and the surtax rate for the taxable Greece, Ireland, Japan, Netherlands, New means amounts received as compensation
year. Zealand, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Union for personal services actually rendered, but
The effect of this computation is to al- of South Africa, United Kingdom. does not include any payment which repre-
low a deduction which results in a 14-per- Negotiations are underway with: Austria, sents- a distribution of earnings or profits.
cent reduction in tax rate. It is understood Colombia, Cuba, Honduras, Israel, Italy If the taxpayer is engaged in a trade or
that Western Hemisphere trade corporations (awaiting exchange of ratification), Mexico, business in which both personal services and
are being rather widely used for United Philippines. capital are material income-producing fac-
States trade and investment in Canada, An idea is being explored to consider in tors, a reasonable allowance, not to exceed
Central, and South America. future treaty discussions an item of taxes 30 percent of his share of the net profits,
4. Income From Sources Within Posses- spared. The principle involved is that when is considered to be earned income.
sions of the United States (sec. 931) : Do- a foreign country offers the inducement of 12. Income from sources within possessions
mestic corporations engaged in the active waiving taxes for an Initial limited period of the United States (sees. 931 and 933) :
conduct of a trade or business within a of years to encourage new Industry to enter The provisions relating to Income from
possession of the United States are exempt the country, the treaty could provide that within United States possessions described
-- r he a11lwcd a. credit for the under section 4 on corporations are also ap-
:cro Unit tux on
r period end- taxes which would have been paid but for placable to individual taxpayers.
s, if for the United States, if for the 3-year
Ing with the close of the taxable year (or the tax sparing. The purpose would be to In addition, section 933 of the code con-
the applicable part of that period) - encourage the investment of United States tains a special provision for individuals on
(a) at least 50 percent of gross income is capital in enterprises In friendly nations. "Income from sources within Puerto Rico."
from that trade or business; and 8. Foreign corporations not subject to This section provides that in the case of an
(b) at least 80 percent of gross income is United States taxes: Foreign corporations individual who is a bona fide resident of
from any source within the possession. owned by United States interests and not Puerto Rico during the entire taxable year
The Virgin Islands of the United States are subject to United States taxes are naturally income derived from sources within Puerto
expressly excluded by statute from "posses- not covered by the Internal Revenue Code, Rico (except amounts received tfor he services
sions of the United States." but may be an Important vehicle for employ- performed as an employee
The credit for taxes paid to foreign coun- ment of United States capital abroad. Such States or any agency thereof) shall not be
tries and possessions, discussed in section corporations can be utilized to accumulate included in gross income. No deductions
2 above, is not allowed to corporations re- earnings, with such earnings being ulti- assignable to such excluded income (other
ceiving the benefit of this section of the Code. mately liquidated and brought under United than personal, exemptions) are allowed.
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R0001001,80005-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R0100180005-6
PON-
9028 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Also, if an Individual citizen of the United
States has been a bona fide resident of
Puerto Rico for at least 2 years before the
date on which be changes his residence
therefrom, income derived from sources
therein (except amounts received for serv-
ices performed as an employee of the United
States or any agency thereof) which Is at-
tributable to the-Puerto Rican residence Is
excluded. Deductions relating thereto (ex-
cept personal exemptions) are not allowable,
13. Tax treaties (see. 894): The tax trea-
ties mentioned In section 7 under "Corpora-
tions" also cover individual taxpayers..
14. Partnerships (secs. 701-771 and sec.
1361): Since partnership returns are infor-
mational only and the distribution to part-
ners is taxable on individual returns, the
preceding sections dealing with individuals
cover the tax benefits arising from partner-
ship operations In possessions and foreign
countries.
Section 1361 of the code, added In 1964,
provides that partnerships In certain cir-
cumstances may elect to be taxed as domestic
corporations. This provision is not con-
sidered significant to the present study.
POINT 4
The extent to which such financial In-
terests are tied into the Department of Agri-
culture and national farm organizations,
through representation on advisory com-'
mittees and similar groups.
The Department of Agriculture has fur-
nished the committee staff a listing which
purports to Include every advisory commit-
tee of the Department as well as all Its con-
sultants. These advisory committee lists
have been reviewed to segregate those which
are germane to the survey and those which
are not, such as Farmer Cooperative Serv-
ice, Rural Electrification Administration,
etc.
The staff Is presently engaged in studying
the composition of relevant committees to
determine the extent of representation of
private United States Interests which are
engaged In agricultural activities In foreign
countries. To date It has been found that
the following officials of companies either
believed or known to be engaged in such
activities are currently serving on the indi-
cated committees:
Advisory Committee on Foreign Trade and
Technical Assistance: W. C. Schilthuls, Con-
tinental Grain Co., alternate; Lamar Flem-
ing, Jr., Anderson, Clayton & Co., alter-
nate.
Cotton Export Adlvisory Committee: La-
mar Fleming, Jr., chairman, board of di-
rectors. Anderson, Clayton & Co.
Cotton Price Support Advisory Committee:
A. M. Crawford, Well Bros.
Grain Export Advisory Committee: Andre
Hlnschler, Bunge Corp.; Harold E. Sanford,
Continental Grain Co.; W. C. Schilthuis,
Continental Grain Co.
Wheat Advisory Committee: H. E. Sanford,
vice president, Continental Grain Co.
Corn Advisory Committee: William F.
Brady, Corn Products Refining Co.; Robert
C. Woodworth, vice president, Cargill, Inc.
Dairy Export Advisory Committee: George
M. McCoy, Borden Food Products Co.; A. W.
Sigmund, Kraft Foods, Inc.; Leslie J. Lindell,
General Milk Co.
Dairy Industry Task Committee: Arthur
W. Sigmund, Kraft Foods, Inc.; D, M. Dent,
Borden Food Products Co.
CCC Storage Committee: Loren Johnson,
Continental Grain Co.
National Agriculture Advisory Commission:
Jesse W. Tapp, Bank of America.'
I This name is included as the Mexican
press has reported that the Bank of Amer-
ica has issued credit of $10 million for fi-
nancing cottongrowers In Mexico. Several
other banks have representatives on com-
mittees but it has not yet been determined
whether they finance foreign production.
In connection with the Cotton Export Ad-
visory Committee listed above It should be
noted that a temporary committee of the
same name was appointed by the Secretary
of Agriculture on February 13, 1953, and was
comprised of the following Individuals:
D. W. Brooks, general manager, Georgia
Cotton Producers Association, Atlanta, Ga.
C. R. Sayre, president, Delta Pine & Land
Co., Scott, Miss.
Everett a Cook, Cook & Co., Memphis,
Tenn.
Lamar Fleming, Jr.. president, Anderson.
Clayton & Co., Houston. Tex.
William A. McGregor, vice president,
Guaranty Trust Co., New York, N. Y.
Charles H. Cannon, president, Cannon
Mills, Kannapolis, N. C.
Waiter L. Randolph, president, Alabama
Farm Bureau Federation, Montgomery, Ala.
This is the conunittee referred to on Feb-
ruary 28, 1955, by Senator EASTLAND, page
49, part I. of hearings before the Subcom-
mittee on Disposal of Agriculture Surpluses
of the Senate Committee on Agriculture.
The committee staff has been Informed that
It held several meetings during the calendar
year 1953, submitted a report to the Secre-
tary of Agriculture, and that the Secretary
considered it dlrsolved.
The present Cotton Export Advisory Com-
mittee was appointed by the Secretary of
Agriculture on May 24, 1968. to serve for the
coming year. and is comprised of the fol-
lowing Individuals:
Walter L. Randolph, vice president. Amer-
ican Farm Bureau, Montgomery. Ala.
Alan 0. Patteson, producer. Jonesboro,
Ark.
J. B. Hubbard, president. J_ B. Hubbard
Co., Cotton Exchange Building, Dallas,
Tex.
Allison Pell. president, Pell Cotton Co.,
Charlotte. N. C.
Lamar Fleming, Jr., chairman, board of
directors, Anderson. Clayton & Co., Houston,
Tex.
E. F. Creekmore. president, Creekmore &
Co., Cotton Exchange Building, New Orleans,
La.
B. Y. West, president, S. Y. West & Co..
Memphis. Tenn.
D. W. Brooks, general manager, the Cot-
ton Producers Association, Atlanta, Ga.
The committee staff Is continuing its study
to determine the extent of representation
MY 14
of private United States interests. engaged
in agricultural activities In foreign countries.
POINT 5
The amount of foreign-aid funds which
have been used to encourage Increased agri-
cultural production In foreign countries.
As of March 31, 1955. cumulative obliga-
tions of the Foreign Operations Administra-
tion and Its predecessor agencies aggregated
approximately $19.1 billion. Around 63
percent or $12.1 billion represented obliga-
tions for assistance activities :n 20 selected
countries where agriculture relatively is most
Important. (See table I.) In these 20 coun-
tries slightly less than $1 billion has been
obligated for agricultural assistance includ-
ing health and industrial assistance activ-
ities having a direct bearing on agricultural
production and processing. In addition, ap-
proximately $710.8 million in local counter-
part funds created by assistance activities
in these 20 countries have been programed
for the furtherance of agricultural produc-
tion and processing.
Because of the outstanding Importance of
agriculture and substantial increases In agri-
cultural production, partteula'ly cotton in
recent years in Iran, India. Pakistan, and
Turkey as compared with the other coun-
tries receiving assistance the activities In
these countries are being analyzed in detail.
Thus far detailed data are available only
for Iran. (See table 2.) As of March 31,
1955, approximately $201.2 million United
States foreign assistance funds have been
obligated for the Iranian program, of which
amount $47.3 million has been incurred for
agricultural assistance, Including those
health and industrial activities bearing di-
rectly on agricultural production. The
breakdown on these funds by field of activity
and between projects and technical assist-
ance Is as follows:
Agriculture-. .................
health----------------------
Industry, transportation, and
community development---
'Total ..................
rrol-
eels
$17.?
9.9
Tech.
nicians
and
train-
ees
$5.6
2.5
$23.3
12. 4
11.6
47.3
TAHI.x I.-Promotion of agriculture abroad-Funds obligated by Foreign Operations
Administration and predecessor agencies, Apr. 3, 1948, through Afar. 81, 1955-20
selected countries
AppproVol
withdraw-
Country
Trojecta 1
Technicians
and
Commodl-
Total for pro-
m
ti
f
Total by
FUA amtaid
als from
counter-
trainees -
ties z
o
on
or
agriculture
dreew,
r
ag
part funds
for pro-
ent es
motion of
agricul-
ture'
Latin Merrier:
Brazil-----------------
$2,058,489
$3,233,006
--------------
$5,291,495
$10,03,.171
-
Colombia -------------
0.70.588
1,87:,538
_
808,124
3.109,870
-----------
_-
MesaMexlm_. ?-__----___.__
7664,501
1,010,00
10
..............
1,74,669
3,77#:'0
---..___-.
_
agna-_____-____
44,560
1,0
.
--------------
1,528544
2,413,211
_..____----
_._..._.
_
1'eru_____________
2.615,341
$&51,383
._.._._------_
5,566,724
7,696.x90
.
..
_--___---_--
ToW ................
6,849.488
10.119,983
______________
6,969,451
28,037,687
------------
Europe:
Italy.-.?.?-------------I
N%.est.-rn0rrmnny-----
'
..............
__---------?-?
--------------
458,000
286,000
351,000
$179,910,434
30,140,821
180,646,397
180368,434
30,426,821
180,999,397
3204,153185
1,613,7311,68
1,494,547,839
5253.000.000
259,t1W,0 9
10,400,000
t
nltkdliiusdum------ ;
-_.__..___..._
24$000
103.2% G20
103,508,620
3,812513,528
7W, 000
Total ................
... _..........I
.. 1, 387, 000
493, 968, 272
495, 303, 272
10,124, 9.51, .'22
619, 1 W, O00
Near and Middle East:
'i'ttrkey________________
_____.......__
3,030,687
63,845,967
66,878,604
369,01ti,t62
18,600. ON)
Qrecw .................
4.A 964 I
1, 764, 000
43,177, 971
46,368, 888
835, W8,160
64,800, 000
Syria ..................
Iran ...................
...... ....
lD,246 650
.----------
$01 .979
'
--....--??--
_..._~......_
??---------`
97,339.122
8& 140
201,229.759
..----------
----
India ____.....?-...-..
167.030.500
6,638,367
......... ._._
17#46&867
261.562.195
--------
------------
Footnotes at end of table.
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved ForZje ease 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T0024 00100180005-6
1955
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
TABLE l.-Promotion of agriculture abroad-Funds obligated by Foreign Operations
Administration and, predecessor agencies, Apr. 3, 1948, through Mar. 31, 1955-20
selected countries-Continued
Approved
withdraw-
Country
Projects'
Technicians
and
Commodl
Total for pro-
Total aid b als from
FOA andy counter-
trainees I
ties s
motion for
agriculture 4
predecessor part funds
for
a
pro-
gencies 4
motion of
agricul-
ture
Near and Middle East-Con.
Pakistan_--------------
Iraq-------
-
-
$42,621,235
612
207
$1,554,772
2
25
25
$5,576,495
$49,752,502
$118,531,205 $2,100, 000
-
-
--------
,
,
0,
9
___________
2,862,466
6,557,732
Total----------------
Africa: Egypt-------------
250, 735, 556
32,022
064
23, 327, 507
1
478
261
112, 600, 386
386, 663, 449
1, 792, 496, 803 85,500, 000
,
,
,
______________
33,501,225
39,244,551
Far East:
Burma-----------------
'Japan-
-
6,079,003
450
11402,00B
7,572,359
21,181, 588 800,000
----------------
-Thailand______________
--------------
34,271,100
---
377,654
7,000,0()0
2,500,926
7,000,000
37149680
10, 140, 145
51,329,453 5,400,000
Total----------------
40, 350,103
378, 104
10, 993, 832
51, 722, 039
82, 651,186 6, 200, ,000
Grand total ----------
329, 956, 091
36, 640, 855
617, 560, 490
984,159, 436
12, 067, 381, 449 710, 800, 000
9029
Ben Boatwright, chairman, agricultural
soil-conservation Committee. South Caro-
lina.
Cecil Collerette, member, agricultural soil-
conservation committee, Arizona.
Charles A. Sheffield, Federal Extension
Service.
E. L. Langford, Agricultural Research
Service.
R. B. Bridgeforth, Commodity Stabiliza-
tion Service.
C. M. Ferguson, Federal Extension Service.
M. H. Holliday, Farmers' Home Adminis-
tration.
J. C. Wheeler, Office of Budget and Finance.
Milan D. Smith, Office of the Secretary.
J. A. McConnell, Office of the Secretary.
E. C. Betts, Jr., Office of the Secretary.
Number of counties with 1,000 or more acres
of cotton and number of countries re-
porting
Number of
counties
having
1,000 or
more acres
of cotton
I Project obligations primarily represent total equipment and supply costs which will be borne by the United
States in conducting specific activities, e. g. locust control, dam construction, etc., under signed project (activity)
agreements with the respective countries.
Technician and trainee obligations represent salary, per diem, transportation, and other costs incidental to for. Alabama- ---------------
Dishing United States technicians to the respective countries and the training of local nationals in the United States. Arizona
2 Commodity obligations primarily represent the cost of agricultural products, machinery and supplies, textile- _________________________
mill machinery, and food-processing equipment furnished. Local currency counterpart funds are created by the Crkansas________________________
California______________________
local sales of these and other commodities the recipient countries. Florida ______________ ______
Includes the dependent overseas territories of the E
uropean countries, nonrogional, and other program obliga- ____
bons of FOA and its predecessor agencies. Georgia---------------------
Illinois ' Counterpart fund withdrawals for the promotion of agriculture are primarily directed toward land reclamation __________________________
and irrigation, research and extension, and farm credit. Louisiana ana-----------------------
General technical assistance is being pro- STATE CONSERVATIONISTS, SAS. MississiMissonrppi ---------------------
vided to Iran*
ran in the field of agriculture, CHAIRMAN OF STATE ASC COMMITTEE. New Mexico___________________
health, and industry. Inasmuch as cotton STATE DIRECTORS, FHA. North Carolina_________________
and wheat are grown throughout the coun- Please Oklahomaol_____________________
try, all technical assistance rendered to Iran county on- give your best estimates for your Te nes seelina------------------,
to the
Y beneficial production of
is indirectly beneficial to the production of 1
these two commodities. a. How many renter families (tenants and Virginia_________________________ recropp As of March 31, 1955, approximately $3.4 off ff farms s d duue e to have 1955 been reduction will in n cotton Texas
co
off Total ---------- __________
million in obligations have been recorded for
projects related specifically to cotton, wheat, allotments? The question is concerned only
with the number and general agricultural production and the above) forced off ff fa arms due renters to o the 11955
55
introduction of new seed strains. The rin allotments and
and
amount devoted specifically to cotton and not reduction educ for other cotton-such a mechanization,
wheat is not available, r causes such as mechanization,
drought, etc.
Now let us see what the effect is on Answer --------------------------------
American agriculture this year alone: 2. How many small cotton farmers (1. e,,
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, those with 5 acres or less of cotton allotted
Washington, D. C., February 3, 1955. in 1954) will have net income for the farm
To Extension Directors in Cotton States: reduced by $100 or more due to the 1955
Congressman JAMIE L. WHITTEN, chairman cotton acreage reduction? Do not include
of -the House Subcommittee on Agricultural income in this estimate
reduced d the due to number not who plantin have may
Appropriations, has requested that a survey allotmens. tng full
be made Immediately to secure the best pos- acres diverted The value
on
from tot cotton crops should be produced
co n-
Bible answers to the two questions on the sidered ltr arriving at the net income loss.
ede in the loss.
attached sheets, a supply of which we are
sending you. Answer ___________
State representatives from the cotton States
and the Department met and recommended
the following procedure to obtain this infor-
State ----------------------
Date - -- - -- -- -
oration. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE-
Will you please proceed immediately along ATTENDANCE AT CONFERENCE ON SURVEY ON
the following lines: COTTON ACREAGE REDUCTION, ROOM 218-A,
A. Contact other agency heads in your FEBRUARY 2, 1955
State and work out any mechanics necessary C. A. Vines, State extension service, Ar-
to get the information for each cotton kansas.
county. Clay Lyle, director, State extension service,
B. We suggest that the county agent call Mississippi.
together appropriate USDA personnel oper- G. G. Gibson, director, State extension
ating within the county to discuss the ques- service, Texas.
tions and to answer them to the best of their C. B. Ratchford, State extension service,
ability. North Carolina.
C. Send to the Federal Extension Service, Shawnee Brown, director, State extension
Washington, D. C., your county replies to service
Oklahoma
,
.
arrive not later than February 16. Due to James T. Lunsford, State director, Farm- "How many small cotton farmers (i. e.,
time limitations we suggest counties send ers' Home Administration, Alabama. those with 5 acres or less of cotton allotted
report di
tl
rec
y to the Federal Extension R. L. VanSant, State director, Farmers' in 1954) will have net income for the farm
Service with copies to you .for your infer- Home Administration, Georgia. cotton- cotton-acre be age r $100 or meduction?or? du D o o to not i n ton 1955
oration, clude
Sincerely yours, to alnsoil-conservation committee, Tines- income reduced due to not planting full al-
E. T. BENSON, Secretary. see. lotments. The value of crops produced on
67
67
7
7
63
54
8
9
11
27
138
139
0
3
2
2
46
29
8
8
77
80
11
10
55
64
59
74
46
44
35
44
205
212
6
14
Number
of coun-
ties
reporting
Summary of answers from 887 counties to
the following question:
"How many renter families (tenants and
sharecroppers) have been or will be forced
off farms due to 1955 reduction in cotton
allotments?" The question is concerned
only with the number of renters (as de-
fined above) forced off farms due to the 1955
reduction in cotton-acreage allotments and
not for other causes such as mechanization,
drought, etc."
Renter
families
Alabama------------------------- - 7,554
Arizona----------------------------- 127
Arkansas--------------------------- 4,426
California-------------------------- 0
Florida----------------------------- 279
Georgia----------------------------- 8,157
Illinois----------------------------- 40
Kentucky--------------------------- 60
Louisiana --------------------------- 3,395
Missouri---------------------------- 2,202
Mississippi -------------------------- 11, 981
New Mexico___________________ 137
North Carolina ---------------------- 2,783
Oklahoma----------------------- - 1,477
South Carolina ---------------------- 4,147
Tennessee_______________ -------------------------- 3,075
Texas------------------------------ 5,580
Virginia---------------------------- 108
Total------------------------- 55,348
Summary of answers from 887 counties to
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For'le ease 2006/11/09: CIA-R DP63T0024',SR000100180005-6
9030
CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD -HOUSE July 14
acres diverted from cotton should be con- The amount loaned per acre has about Surpluses accumulated, and while the
sidered in arriving at the net income loss." doubled-up from around b30 average debt stock market boomed, farm prices sank
17,595 per acre after the war to about $60 an acre lower and lower and the whole shaky
Alabama----------- -------- -
Arizona___________________________ S8 now. size of new mortgages also has structure collapsed Into the big epi'es-
Crkaorns-------------------------- 1.490 Average jumped-from approximately $3,500 at close Sion of the early thirties.
Florida ---------------------- o of the war to around $0.000 now. However, Mr. Chairman, it is almost frightening
Florida -_-_-_-_- ___--------------------- 4, 348 good land is not considered too high now. to contemplate the similarities between
3eoroia___________________________ 14, 103 47 In fact, it's sought after. Mortgage debt the situation in the early twenties and
Il ________________________ 1 is not too high yet in relation to total invest- that of today.
Ke ntuckyuany ------------ .------------- 249 ment. The income position of agriculture is
Loui -- Missouri -siana------------------------------------------------- 1,881 - 8Are we heading for another big debt, farm almost identical. Prices have gone
Miss foreclosure period like the late 1920's? Of- down, down, and down. Costs have
New Mexico ________.------------- 34.414 ficials don't think so. But there are similarl-
ew ____-___.------------- 97 stayed consistently high. Income is thus
The farm mortgage debt climbed 7 percent pinched, squeezed, and diluted. While
North h Carolina 17,397 ties.
South Carol) ______________________ 478 last year. Its now 72 percent above the low the rest of the country is enjoying a fair-
Tennessee Fe----- ______._____________ 14.944 of 1946. Omclais are not concerned over ly high degree of prosperity, the farmer
_____________________ 14.944 132 size of the debt. so far. Present total of $8.2 is losing ground.
T Viirgg iniainia - ____________-____________-._______-_-_-_-_-_-_ 11..1832 billion. though large, is smaller than the Veterans who were forced to purchase
V peak of $10.8 billion in 1923. This year's their livestock at prices prevailing at the
debt represents only 8.9 percent of the value time Of their return, have seen their
Total ----------------------- 130,603 of farm real estate, against 21 percent in
Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman. I yield 1923. livestock Inventory reduced in value from
such time as he may desire to the gen- Mortgage debt is concentrated on fewer a third to a half.
tleman from Minnesota [Mr. MARSHALL). farms now. About 29 percent of all farms These farmers eventually may be
are mortgaged now-the lowest percentage faced with debt adjustment, possible
(dir. MARSHALL asked and was given r;lnce 1890. foreclosure and forced departure from
permission to revise and extend his re- The reason is: We've Just passed through the land.
marks.) the most prosperous period for agriculture In our free economy we do not expect
Mr. MARSHALL. Mr. Chairman, not in this century-the period of the 1940's.
long ago I was able to spend a few days This is shown in many ways. Including the persons to be in business only for their
in my home district. While there I had number of years it takes for net farm in- health, yet many farmers are literally.
the opportunity of talking with a num- come. or earnings' to equal capital invest- This shows up in nearly all major
went-capital turnover. products, especialy in the livestock prod-
ber of people concerning the financial This is a measure of ability to pay off debt. ucts. Farmers have been giving the con-
position of farmers. During the 7 years 1942-48 it took 5yz to sumer more than he has ever had, and
I found there are two groups of farm- 614 years for net income to equal the value for less and less money-so far as the
ers these days. One Is the group of of all physical assets-the most favorable farmer's income is concerned. Let me
farmers that was fortunate enough to period in this century.
be able to pay off debts during and after The ratio has been on the rise since. Now give you a few concrete examples:
the war, and before the present farm it takes about 10 years for net Income to In 1948 farmers produced a little more
recession started. These farmers are equal total investment. This is roughly than 21 billion pounds of the red meats
for consumers, receiving over nine and a
comparable with the last half of the 1920's
established. While they are not getting and with the late thirties. third billion dollars. But last year
anywhere under present conditions of barrow's Farmietter also comments on farmers produced a little over 25 and a
income, thth lower are able prices reduced the greater concentration of farms in half billion pounds of the red meats, re-
acreages with f the on as and reduced fewer hands. It says: ceiving only $8.8 billion.
acreages e group Benson farmers Is less less Net migration from farms to cities ever- In other words, Mr. Chairman, last
The other armers s the ages over 1 million yearly. There's been a year farmers received 6 percent less
fortunate group p that t has been forced net movement away front farina every year money for 20 percent more production
accumulate debt at the tail end of a pros- - since 1920, except in 1945 and 1946-years than just 6 years before. Putting it
perous period In agriculture. This group when veterans were returning, in terms of the value of 1948 dollars,
is now caught In the nutcracker of de- For every 5 people on farms in 1947. there farmers last year received 14 percent
clining prices, low income, and the ur- were only 4 in 1954. Farm population de- less money for supplying each consumer
gency to maintain earnings high enough creased 8 percent from 1947 to 1950-12 per- with 10 percent more red meat. The
to provide a decent living and meet debt cent from 1951 to 1934. Net migration away
payments at the same time. This group from farms (excess above movement back to year we are in now is the third straight
is in a tough position and is having a farms) averaged 4.6 percent of the total year of producing more than 150 pounds
difficult time. Unfortunately, many of farm population yearly during 1947-53. of the red meats for each man, woman,
the members in this group are the Census reports so far show fewer farms and child in the United States. And all
than in 1950-but no reduction in farm the production above 150 pounds a per"
younger farmers, and the GI's who have acreage. The trend is unmistakably toward son has, in effect, been given away by
returned to the land after serving their fewer but bigger farms. Commercial farm- farmers.
country. ing is becoming more pronounced. Here is another example: In 1954 per
Mr. Chairman, anyone who went Mr. Chairman, it is not my intent to capita consumption of poultry meats was
through the difficult period of the twen- dwell unduly on the unhappy experi- 6 pounds a person higher than in 1948.
ties which eventually led to the deep de- ences of the twenties. However, a few Total production was a fourth higher
pression of the thirties cannot help but reminders may be in order. than in the earlier year. Yet, in dollars
find culture to day In the of 30iye rs ago.- Today's situation makes me think of of the same buying power for both years,
cuOnee today with that years ago- the previous time our boys marched off farmers received practically the same for
Washington better letters to save the world. When the war ended their poultry In the 2 years. In other good ar- tide on this Washinhas a of July y 99 the farm boys came back to their homes words, the extra 6 pounds of meat pro-
published in of the
iale on this speaking subject Wayne its arro 's Wash- only to find high mortgage debts, prices vlded each consumer was given free, so
I gt speaking t Wayne Dart Wadi- Inflated for the things they had to buy. far as farm income was concerned.
quote from m it: leter, and would like but prices down for the things they had Mr. Chairman, we would expect this
qu to sell. It was the kind of situation kind of thing during a serious depres-
More nrehit will beheaded for is our- calculated to place young farmers in an sion, but we do not expect; it in a time
now. chases in USDA the studiperiod es ies Indicate. cathan is Recent trends required impassible debt situation. And the ad- which we are told is the most prosperous
in history. What might apply to the
point to this already. The trend will pick up ministration then in power was un- rest of tcountry does not
p apply to
when the social security program for farmers happily the kind that had no real un- rest of the h live n the land.
gets into full swing. derstanding of the problems of farmers.
A higher percent of farm purchases re-any of the young farmers of the day Actually, the farm-deb- situation is
Ware credit now than a5 ff ar boug close ght need t need were unable to provide their families better now than in the twenties. Those II.
3 credit now against w 2 out of out of 5 forms 5farms at close with a decent standard of living. Debts forced into debt just prior to the pres-
of f the last big war. mounted. Health needs were neglected. ent farm depression are having a hard
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63TO0 8000100180005-6
-owl
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
time of it. But the prosperity of farmers
in recent years has enabled many of
them to pay off debts. And while the
mortgage debt is growing, it is concen-
trated on fewer farms. It is a situa-
tion that needs careful watching, but it
is not yet critical.
There is one other important differ-
ence between the fifties and the twenties.
Today we have established farm pro-
grams that can be used to protect agri-
culture in this period of obvious in-
equity-if we have the will to use them,
that is.
What is the difficulty?
I am afraid the real trouble lies with
the administration, Mr. Chairman. It is
in the unconcern of the Eisenhower-
Benson direction of agricultural pro-
grams that we have a situation fright-
eningly close to that of the twenties.
It is a statement of simple fact that
the Department of Agriculture, under
Secretary Benson, has not faced up to
its responsibility. Secretary Benson. has
engaged in the easy sport of buck pass-
ing. He has tried to fasten blame for
his own indecision and inaction on the
preceding administration.
He has taken liberties with laws placed
on the statute books by this body.
He has shown himself to be more in-
terested in the welfare of processors than
in the welfare of the producers.
He has failed to meet situations
squarely-as witness his still lack of ail
adequate program for the dairy indus-
try and his "too little and too late" pro-
posals for wheat.
He has sat around hoping that some-
thing favorable would happen, and not
doing anything to make it happen.
He has sought excuses for inaction
when he should have been seeking
answers on which to base action.
He has used per capita income as a
cover up for the severe decline in na-
tional farm income-as though it were
his policy 'to increase per capita income
of farmers by cutting down the number
of farmers. Mr. Chairman, this is a
bloody way of bringing about prosperity
in agriculture. It is based on the as-
sumption that to bring prosperity to a
few you must liquidate the others,
I do not believe that such a policy
can be continued, or should be condoned
in the name of our free-enterprise
system.
One of the high purposes of the De-
partment of Agriculture should be to use
its brain, its brawn, and its ample bank
account in helping farm people achieve
an ever-rising standard of living along
with the rest of the economy, and to
give aid in bringing to those in agricul-
ture an equality with all groups.
Having had a good deal of experience
with the Department of Agriculture,
Mr. Chairman, having sat through a
good many hearings with its top offi-
cials; having had some part in the legis-
lation enacted for agriculture by this
body, and having observed the function-
ing of those in the Benson administra-
tion, I am forced to the conclusion that
the Secretary is a failure. He may not
yet realize the extent of his inadequacies.
I am also forced to conclude that the
President has a blind spot which pre-
vents him from knowing any of the real
problems of farmers, let alone under-
standing them, or desiring to understand
them. What else can be concluded from
one who not only condones the inade-
quacies of Secretary Benson, but praises
them?
Mr. Chairman, if anything is to be
done to check the present system of
drift, decline, and eventual disaster; if
we are to lay away the ghost of Hoover-
ism, it must be done by the farmers
themselves and by the Congress. Or,
we will all go bust with Benson.
Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield
10 minutes to the gentleman from Flor-
ida [Mr. SIKES].
(Mr. SIKES asked and was given per-
mission to revise and extend his re.-
marks.)
F, Mr. SIKES addressed the Committee.
His remarks will appear hereafter in the
Appendix.]
Mr. METCALF. Mr. Chairman, when
further investigation is made of the
Wichita Wildlife Refuge and the need
for the perpetuation of the refuge is bal-
anced against the national defense needs
continuing the operation of Fort Sill and
its magnificent artillery school, I am sure
the committee will come to the conclu-
sion there are alternative methods for
continuing long-range artillery instruc-
tion at Fort Sill.
The Wichita Mountain area is the last
primitive area in Oklahoma. It is like-
wise Oklahoma's greatest scenic and
recreational area. This year close to
1 million people have already used its
invigorating mountains and scenic val-
leys for relaxation, picnicking, fishing-'
1,200 fishermen a week-camping, hik-
ing, mountain climbing, and viewing the
big-game herds of buffalo, elk, deer, and
lesser species, such as wild turkey, quail,
squirrels, and other small game. The
most important preservation herd of the
original Texas long-horned steer is
maintained here by the Fish and Wild-
life Service. The area wanted by the
Army is the most important watershed
in the refuge, supplying the water for the
many swimming and fishing lakes and
for the luxuriant stand of prairie short-
grass on which the herds wax fat.
The proposed firing of the atomic can-
non and the 722 millimeter corporal
rocket here will aggravate the existing
fire hazard, which is a serious threat
from July 1 of each year. The above
firing on the refuge area will speedily
burn over the mountain area of 10,700
acres being taken over by the Army.
The Service, on the basis of its past ex-
perience, feels that the fires cannot be
controlled in the mountain and that
they will sweep through both the recre-
ational grounds and the big-game pas-
ture. It should be noted that approxi-
mately half of the refuge's recreational
area will be involved in this transfer.
Many species of plant life and. several
species of birds are found in Oklahoma
only on the refuge lands.
The proposal of the Army is totally
unnecessary. The service has suggested
a compromise plan whereby they would
close the lower two tiers of sections across
9031
buffer area when the Army is firing its
big cannons. The public would be kept
out of the area during that period, but
allowed to use this most fascinating por-
tion of the refuge when no firing was
taking place.
During World War II and since, the
Army had under permit from the serv-
ice 35,000 acres from the refuge for
maneuvers. They complied with the
terms of the permit thoroughly, and the
best of cooperation existed between the
Fort Sill authorities and the refuge
manager. Except for some damage to
roads by heavy equipment, the Army ex-
ercised its permit without damage to the
refuge. This permit could be continued
indefinitely and, with the addition of
the buffer area that the service is pre-
pared to close when the guns are fired,
would in the service's opinion meet the
immediate needs of the Army at this
point. This is especially true if the Army
buys the private land as announced.
However, to our knowledge the Army
made no effort to investigate the alter-
nate plan offered by the service.
. During the past 15 years the Service
has had to permit Fort Sill to emplace
some of its biggest guns on the refuge so
that they could be fired and the shells
land on Fort Sill's impact areas. This
was necessary all during World War II.
The Service in the present controversy
has offered to provide Fort Sill authori-
ties with a larger gun emplacement any-
where on this 10,700 acres on which they
can fire the big guns and rockets con-
templated and land the shells on Fort
Sill proper. The Army did not investi-
gate this plan at all. Apparently the
invasion of the Wichita Refuge is part
of a general plan on the part of the Army
to move in on the national wildlife re-
fuge program. It would appear that the
large areas of wildlife land which the
Service has set aside for preserving dis-
appearing big-game herds are particu-
larly attractive to the Army authorities
for their testing and training purposes.
The Air Force has recently informed the
Service that instead of their present
firing permit on the Desert Game Range
in Nevada, they want to take over pri-
mary jurisdiction. This would close the
door on the wildlife interests of the area.
Likewise, the Army has asked for three-
fourths of the Kofa Game Range in
southwestern Arizona, the home of the
remnant Galliard mountain sheep, for
use in testing poisonous gas on a battle-
front scale. It takes little or no imagi-
nation to perceive what will happen to
the resident Galliard sheep, mule deer,
white-winged doves, and pygmy antelope
and many other interesting species if
this comes about.
Mr. TABER. Mr. Chairman, I yield
such time as he may desire to the gen-
tleman from New Jersey LMr. FRELING-
HUYSEN ] .
(Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN asked and
was given permission to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Chair-
man, I should like to call attention to
the serious cut in funds for the White
House Conference on Education being
the south portion of the refuge as a proposed by the committee. Only $50,-
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-R DP63T00245R0100180005-6
000 has been recommended out of $238,-
C00 requested for this purpose.
I should like to point out to the House
that the committee decision on the funds
for the White House Conference was ap-
parently based on a misconstruction of
facts. Let me quote the committee state-
ment:
Salaries and expenses, White House Con-
ference on Education: The committee has
allowed $50,000 of the request for $238,000.
The request included $170.000 to provide
travel funds for 1.700 of the 2.000 delegates
expected to attend the White House Con-
ference on Education. The additional $68.-
OOD was for Federal staff costs In connection
with the Conference. The committee was in-
formed that the lec ]station which authorized
the White House Conference on Education
does not authorize the use of Federal funds
for the travel expenses of delegates to the
conference. Therefore. no funds for travel
expenses of the delegates are Included in
the bill.
I have, and I should like to read. the
opinion of counsel that there does exist
adequate authority to spend funds for
the transportation of delegates from the
States. Mr. Parke Banta. General
Counsel for the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare, describes the
situation as follows:
Public Law 530 authorizes appropriations
to enable the President to hold in Washine-
ton, D. C.. "a conference broadly representa-
tive of educators and other Interested citi-
zens from all parts of the Nation, to be called
the White House Conference on Education,
to consider and report to the President on
significant and pressing problems In the field
of education."
Section 2 of the act authorizes grants to
States for the purpose of bringing together
"prior to the White House Conference on
Education, educators and other interested
citizens to discuss educational problems in
the State and make recommendations for
appropriate action to be taken at local. State,
and Federal levels."
Section 3 rounds out the picture by au-
thorizing "to be appropriated to the Commis-
sioner of Education for the fiscal years end-
Ing June 30. 1955, and June 30. 1956, such
sums as Congress determines to be necessary
for the administration of this act. Includ-
ing the expenses of the Office of Education in
making available to the public the findings
and recommendations of the Conference."
There Is, of course, no specific reference to
payment of travel costs contained In Public
Law 530. There is. however, specific author-
ity to hold a conference In Washington. D. C.,
to be attended by Individuals "from all parts
of the Nation," coupled with a specific au-
thorization for appropriations "necessary for
the administration of this act." As was
pointed out In the testimony before the Sub-
committee of the Committee on Appropria-
tions of the House of Representatives, hear-
Ings before subcommittees of the Com-
mittee on Appropriations, House of Rep-
resentatives, 84th Congress, 1st session,
page 608 et seq., It Is essential to the
achievement of the broad representation
contemplated by the act that funds for trans-
portation costs be available. Certainly. the
Congress must have intended that such ex-
penses be paid, since it would not be rea-
sonable to expect those Individuals chosen to
advise the President to attend at their own
expense: indeed, many. even though willing
to do so, could not afford it.
In view of the foregoing It Is our opinion
that Public Law 530. 83d Congress. when read
as a whole and in the context of Its general
purpose to bring together In Washington,
D. C., a "broadly representative" group of
individuals "to consider and report to the
President on significant and pressing prob-
lems In the field of education," can and
should be construed as authorizing appropri-
ations to pay the travel costs of persons offi-
cially invited to attend the conference.
I am sure it is not the intent of this
Congress to torpedo the biggest and most
important pro,- ram on education in his-
tory.
We in this Ifouse, by Public Law 530,
83d Congress, authorized the State and
White House Conferences. We cannot
scuttle the pro::ram at this point. Even
if no action is taken here today to
rescue this pro;ram, perhaps action can
be taken by the other body.
The 83d Congress required that the
White House Conference be "broadly rep-
resentative of educators and other in-
terested citizens from all parts of the
Nation." Without funds to pay travel
expenses of the participants. the intent
of Congress will not be achieved.
Without such funds, those who reside
in the Washington area may be expected
to attend. So. too, will those who have
the funds and the time. Finally we may
expect representatives of various organi-
zations which are well financed and deep-
ly committed to preconceived points of
view. To di'a': only from these three
groups, I think we can agree, will mean
that the White House Conference will
not be broadly representative, contrary
to the expressed intent of Congress.
In establishing the State and White
House Conferences on Education, the
Congress set in motion a citizen study of
education in all 53 States and Territories.
Literally tens of thousands of people are
taking part in this program. By deny-
ing the funds with which these States
may send their designated representa-
tives to Washington to take part in the
White House Conference, we would be,
in effect, scuttling the program which
Congress inaugurated by passing this
law.
There are no other funds which can
be used to bring to the White House
Conference the people who would con-
stitute a broad national representation
from all parts of the country. We need
that kind of representation.
The chairman of the White House
Conference on Education committee,
Neil H. McElroy, has stated in a recent
letter to Mrs. hobby the committee's po-
sition as follows:
The committee does not want to hold a
conference which, because of lack of funds
to pay travel expenses of participants, is
attended primarily by persons residing near
Washington, by representatives of organi-
zations who may wish to use the conference
as a national sounding board. and others who
for personal reasons alone desire to be part
of the White House Conference. We con-
sider that partl.,ipation of this kind would
represent failure of the requirement placed
upon us that the Conference be broadly rep-
resentative of educators and other interested
citizens from all parts of the Nation.
The President's committee has reviewed
this matter very carefully and believes unani-
mously that ba:anced representation Is an
essential element of the White House Con-
ference. The administration strongly sup-
ports these recommendations of the Presi-
dent's committee for the White House Con-
ference.
Some might say that expenses of par-
ticipants to the White House Conference
July 14
should be paid by the States. Let me
make two points:
First, the White House Conference
is not a State meeting. but a national
meeting which we in this Congress au-
thorized and to which we wanted citi-
zens to come. Second, a poll of 45
States indicates that only 1 State has
both the State funds and authority
within State law to pay the travel costs
of representatives to the White House
Conference. For the first time we have
the opportunity here to find out what the
American public wishes to be done. If
we deny this conference, we have denied
the voices of those whose only interest
is the public interest. This is not a
partisan program. State conferences
have been called by the governors, 27 of
whom are Democrats and 21 Republi-
cans.
Let me give you some examples of
where these funds will go. They are
not to send Federal employees to the
States, they are to bring representative
citizens from the States to Washington.
For example, California would be asked
to send 98 persons chosen in California.
The travel expense is more than $23,000.
New York would have 123 participants
whose travel cost is al-nost $6,000.
Texas would have 67 representatives;
Ohio, 68; Illinois, 73; Washington State,
20. etc.
Is it reasonable to assume that in or-
der to advise on solutions tc the Nation's
school problems that California, Florida,
Montana, and the other States distant
from Washington should be required to
spend more money to give this infor-
mation to the Federal Government than
those States immediately surrounding
the District of Columbia?
The money requested is $170,000. It
is for the payment of trivel expense
only. It does not include funds for
hotel rooms, meals, and other expenses
of participants. The participants at
the White House Conference are willing
to pay these expenses, but they should
not be expected to pay also the cost of
travel to and from a meeting which was
authorized by the Congress of the United
States.
What are we to tell our people at
home if we say to them, "we are not
sufficiently interested in your opinion on
school problems that we would vote to
share with you your exppense in taking
part in this national conference?"
Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield
5 minutes to the gentleman from North
Carolina, [Mr. DEANEJ.
(Mr. DEANE asked and was given per-
mission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. DEANE. Mr. Chairman, as a
member of the Air Force Panel of the
Department of Defense appropriation
bill I am impressed with the total dollars
appropriated by the Department of -the
Air Force. I point out that the Army
is receiivng $483,612,000; th.~ Navy $439,-
950,000, a total of $923,56:1,000. While
the Air Force is receiving under this ap-
propriation bill $955,929,000. Thus you
see Mr. Chairman a heavy responsibility
rests upon the Air Force to consider a
wise use of the dollars herein recom-
mended.
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T002R000100180005-6
mv,
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 9033
Mr. Chairman, the Air Force panel is
chairmanned by the distinguished gen-
tleman from Texas [Mr. MAHON] ; other
members include the gentleman from
Mississippi [Mr. WRITTEN], the gentle-
man from Kansas [Mr. SCRIVNER], and
the gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr.
DAVIS]. Your panel was faced with a
serious problem in the amount of time
needed to consider an appropriation bill
of this size.
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. DEANE. I yield to the gentleman
from Texas.
Mr. MAHON. The gentleman is
pointing out the very significant fact
that in view of the fact that the budget
estimate came down so late we were not
able to do the thorough job we want to
do. For a number of years we have had
this problem, but I am persuaded to be-
lieve that the Assistant Secretary of De-
fense for Installations is correct in assur-
ing us that they will come much earlier
next year.
I would like to say that the gentleman
from North Carolina [Mr. DEANE] who
is now addressing the committee made a
very substantial contribution to this bill.
He presided most of the time over the
Air Force panel and he did a good job.
I think the House would want to know
of the conscientious effort he made in
that regard. Other Members working
on the full subcommittee and on other
panels, of course, also made a contribu-
tion, but I did want to refer to the par-
ticular contribution of the gentleman
from North Carolina.
Mr. DEANE. Mr. Chairman, I thank
the gentleman. I feel the House owes a
great debt of gratitude to the gentle-
man from Kansas [Mr. SCRIVNER] who
served as chairman of this committee
in the last Congress. The gentleman
from Mississippi [Mr. WHITTEN] and the
gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. DAVIS]
each made a significant contribution.
Each member of the committee holds
certain convictions about the committee
work. We urgently need an enlarged
staff. Our executive secretary, Sam
Crosby, has served with distinction. The
chairman of the Appropriations Com-
mittee, the gentleman from Missouri
[Mr. CANNON] has indicated that any
time we feel there is need for additional
staff, if we will make the request, it will
be granted. I trust that next year we
will have the staff that is necessary to
adequately go into the many ramifica-
tions of this military construction
program.
Mr. Chairman, the military construc-
tion program of the Air Force was pre-
sented chiefly by Maj. Gen. L. B. Wash-
bourne, Assistant Chief of Staff for In-
stallations, and Brig. Gen. J. F. Roden-
hauser, Director of Real Property for the
Department of the Air Force.
The overall public-works program of
the Air Force was outlined to the com-
mittee by General Washbourne and the
detailed justification, base by base, was
the duty and responsibility of General
Rodenhauser and specialized witnesses
associated with General Rodenhauser. I
was impressed with the sincerity of all
of these witnesses. In most all instances
they were conversant with the problems
facing the Air Force panel. There were
a few glaring examples where witnesses
were asked to testify who had only re-
cently been brought into administrative
jobs and who were sadly lacking in the
information needed by the committee.
NEED OF CONTINUED LIAISON
Mr. Chairman, my service on the Air
Force panel reveals the urgent need of
keeping operational officers in a spot
long enough that they can give intelli-
gent answers which must be a part of
the record if the program is to have the
proper support by your committee.
This gives me real concern. Several
witnesses appeared before our commit-
tee who had only recently been brought
from the field and placed in administra-
tive positions to justify a budget that
they knew very little about.
It was not the fault of the officers.
The responsibility must rest upon in-
dividuals in the Penatgon for requiring
an officer to be placed in such a position.
BRIG. GEN. J. F. RODENHAUSER, DIRECTOR OF REAL
PROPERTY FOR THE DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR
FORCE
Mr. Chairman, I want to particularly
express my appreciation to General
Rodenhauser, Director of Real Property,
the principal witness before our Air
Force panel on the base-by-base justifi-
cation.
General Rodenhauser has served in
headquarters, Army Service Forces, and
headquarters, United States Air Force,
since June 1944, with appropriate breaks
for service outside the Washington area.
On his current tour beginning in 1951,
he has served as Director of Real Prop-
erty, and in similar capacities, in the
Assistant Chief of Staff, Installations,
Headquarters, United States Air Force.
In this capacity he has been responsible
for the procurement, development, and
issuance of military construction pro-
gram guidance; for the assembly, vali-
dation, and defense of military construc-
tion programs; for the selection and
planning of installations world wide; for
validation of qualitative and quantitative
requirements for installations facilities;
for inventory of real property; for real
estate acquisition and disposal actions;
and for management of real property
utilization.
General Rodenhauser made his initial
presentations of military-construction
programs to the congressional commit-
tees beginning with the fiscal year 1954
military construction program. Since
that time he has presented each subse-
quent program, including the fiscal year
1956 military construction program.
General Rodenhauser has completed
his present tour in the Washington area
and is being assigned for overseas duty,
to the North Atlantic Treaty Organiza-
tion.
I feel I speak for our Air Force panel
in expressing our appreciation for the
faithful and constructive service of Gen-
eral Rodenhauser and wish for him a
successful tour of duty in his new assign-
ment.
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Chairman, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. DEANE. I yield.
Mr. GROSS. A report is being cir-
culated that there may be in this bill
funds for construction of two hotels in
Germany for service personnel. Does
the gentleman have any knowledge of
any such appropriation?
Mr. DEANE. I would suggest to the
gentleman that so far as the Air Force
is concerned, if he will look at pages 27,
28, 29, 30, and 31, of the committee re-
port he will see the items that are ap-
propriated for the Air Force.
The CHAIRMAN. The time of the
gentleman from North Carolina has ex-
pired.
Mr. RABAUT. Mr. Chairman, I yield
3 additional minutes to the gentleman
from North Carolina [Mr. DEANE].
THE OVERALL AIR FORCE CONSTRUCTION REQUIRE-
MENTS FOR FISCAL YEAR 1959
Mr. DEANE. As a part of my remarks,
Mr. Chairman, I would like to place in
the record the overall Air Force con-
struction requirements for fiscal year
1956 which were given to the committee
by General Washbourne.
Mr. Chairman, we must keep in mind
that the objective of the base construc-
tion program of the Department of the
Air Force is to support 137-wing force
level.
As I quote below from the statement
by General Washbourne, you will keep
in mind, Mr. Chairman, that the dollar
amounts for the various programs, as
indicated, are not the amounts finally
approved by the Air Force panel. It was
the feeling of the committee that by a
careful analysis of all construction con-
tracts that the amounts indicated by
General Washbourne could be consider-
ably reduced. The committee could be
in error. On the other hand, we felt that
the Department of the Air Force should
attempt to shape the figures as indicated
below to conform to the overall final
appropriated dollars.
Your Air Force panel received the
following information concerning the
number of bases, construction objectives,
program summary, and command distri-
bution:
NUMBER OF BASES
The Air Force will, by the end of 1957,
have a base structure consisting of 346
principal operational, training, logistic, and
research installations which are required to
operate and support the 137-wing force; 186
of these installations are in continental
United States and 160 are in overseas loca-
tions. Excluded from these totals are over
2,000 ancillary installations such as com-
munications sites, navigational aids, radar
stations, and classified locations. This bill
includes construction at 255 of the principal
bases, 152 of which are in continental United
States, and 103 are overseas. In addition, it
provides funds for construction of Reserve
Forces facilities at 18 flying training bases
and at 25 nonflying training centers; the
construction of offbase navigation aids; area
POL systems; aircraft control and warning
system sites; and facilities at classified loca-
tions, all details of which will be provided
during discussion of the appropriation re-
quest.
CONSTRUCTION OBSECTIVES
The construction objective of the Air Force
is to have the facilities for sustained opera-
tions of the 137-wing force in place by end
of fiscal year 1957. This involves, first of
all, the provision of bases to "bed down" the
force in locations at which it can train
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-RDP63T00245R000100180005-6
 9034
Approved For Release 2006/11/09: CIA-R DP63T00245FZ'C00100180005-6
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
and attain full operational capability and
from which it could launch defensive and
offensive operations. To accomplish this
goal the principal remaining requirements
are:
(a) Operational, staging, and training re-
quirements for the new long-range heavy
bomber, the 5-52, being phased into the SAC
striking forces.
(b) Development and expansion of the
air-defense net, including warning sites in
the United States and Canada and fighter-
Interceptor bases.
(c) Family housing.
(d) Aircraft-fuel storage.
(e) Guided missile and pilotless aircraft
facilities.
(f) Research and development projects.
Including development of nuclear-powered
aircraft.
(g) Phased development of the base com-
plex in Spain.
(h) Air Force Academy.
(1) Facilities for bases deferred from pre-
vious programs due to lack of base rights.
(j) Reserve forces facilities.
(k) Replacement of deteriorated, obsolete,
and substandard temporary structures with
initial emphasis on medical facilities, dor-
mitories, and dining halls.
(1) Personnel and recreational facilities.
In meeting our objective to provide a per-
manent home for the 137-wing force, we
have been, and are, constantly striving to
improve standards of living and operational
facilities within the limits of prudent ex-
penditures. We plan to construct under this
program facilities of durable, long-life usage
comparable to good, commercial practice.
The projects are priced accordingly. We
believe this to be necessary to achieve mini-
mum cost of maintenance for the extended
period of time it is now anticipated we will
need a 137-wing base structure.
PROGRAM SUMMARY
The Air Force fiscal year 1958 appropria-
tion request is summarized on the first chart.
CHART No. 1-Summary of Air Force fiscal year
1956 military construction appropriation
request
In thousands
Continental United States_______ $929.113
Outside continental United
States________________________ 453.212
Minor construction______________ 20.000
Planning ----------------------- 32.331
Total program ------------ 1,434.656
Less:
Peseta counterpart
funds_____________ $2.000
Unforeseeable delays_ 232, 656
Total appropiration request. 1.200. 000
As explained earlier, the Air Force is re-
questing approval of a program totaling ap-
proximately $1,434.000,000. Of this amount
65 percent, or $929.113.000? are for protecta
in continental United States. Thirty-two
percent of the total, or $453.212.000, is f(r
overseas locations. The $20 million for minor
construction provides for the construction of
facilities which fall within the statutory
limitations of section 707. Public Law 458.
83d Congress, and which have not been pro-
vided by specific authorizing legislation.
The $32,331.000 for planning will provide
those funds which will be needed in focal
year 1956 for base master planning, inves-
tigational engineering, advanced planning of
projects not yet authorized by law, and for
project planning of authorized projects
which have not been funded. The appro-
priations being requested to finance the
program of $1.4 billion amount to $1.2 bil-
lion, or $234.656.000 less than the program.
This reduction has been made by considera-
tion of the anticipated availability of $2
million of peseta counterpart funds for base
construction in Spain and by allowing for
possible unforesctn delays in the overall
construction program In the amount of
5232,650,000.
COMMAND DISTRIBUTION
The next chart Indicates the distribution
(I the program by Air Force commands:
CHART No. 2_-Command distribution of Air
Force, fiscal year 1956 military construc-
tion appropriation program
!i)ullr.rs in thnli. Ind.I
Amount r,ra?nt
of fora
('oil t inrn tai I'nilerl FA's-
I,: t 'ht, Vic Air Command A:r,r.ilt Cuutrol and %%arnin
WI. 140
19.2
5..3
7.11
hy. trm.. - ... 122.192
Air Iu-S-nsr I 'onlm.ual -. 113 4u,
i'uenmail.....- -------- i at. -:i1
Air SL,n?rirl Gormand --------- 1 x_,.n7tt
Air Four A (ii lrm... ._.... 7,:.479
'l art -al Air I'nnuln,nd ........ . N,. !.1,
A:r'1 rrinine ('oannan,l-_ 5..72(1
C unt air-n t:al Air ( 'onlman it t lie-
Aiili(rry AirTrau I?1rt r,rv.-u
A,r I ravine Iirnund ('o"1:111
r'lint,nenLil Air ('o1,, nand i
lit,enlnn
Air I rmvr