A PROPOSAL TO CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY FOR THE SUPPORT OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AN ECONOMICAL MACHINE TRANSLATION SYSTEM PRESENTED BY MACHINE TRANSLATION INC

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP64-00046R000200030002-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 52
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: December 19, 2003
• Sequence Number: 2
• Content Type: REPORT

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A PROPOSAL TO
CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY
FOR THE SUPPORT OF THE DEVELOP! " C AN
ECONOMICAL MACHINE TRANSLATION SYSTEM
PRESENTED BY
SHINE. TRANSLATION INC
May 20, 1959
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TABLE OF COI4TE
troduction. . ? . . . . . '- ?
Objectives sad Anticipated Results 3
Development Program.. . . . . . 4
Development of System to Speed-up
the Translation Process. . . ? . 4
Development of Dictionaries in the
Form Required by the ttachine Trans-
lation system . . . . . . . , . . ? . 7
Development of Equipment to Speed
Translation Preparation of Material for
iranslat on . . e . a . . . ? . . . a
Study of Systems and Equipment. ? . 10
Staffing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Outside Consultatioa.. . . . . . a . . . . 12
Cost Proposal . . . s . . a ? . . a . 13
Financial Ability . . . . . . . . . a . . 18
Starting the pro ct . ? . . . . r a . . 16
Special Qualifications for the
Project . . . . . . . ? . . . . . . . ? . 16
Resumes, **Chloe Traaslatiom Jae. . . . . 17
Cooperation with C-E-I-R Inc. . . . . 23
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IN?ROOUCTI ON
This is a proposal to undertake an intensive program to
develop a machine translation system wh
will be econo-
ical and competitive with human translators. The new
system will be based on the principles of the experimental
Code Matching Technique.
Since 1954 extensive research on machine translation has
been carried out by a number of universities and private
organizations in this country, the Soviet Union and England.
Practically all of these endeavors have been supported by
goverment funds. At least in this country and in England,
the efforts have been exploratory in nature and may be
characterized as research as differentiated from development.
A breakthrough came last year when Ariadne Lukjanrw
announced her Code Matching Technique (CMf) and performed
a demonstration of the world's first practical system for
automatic translation of languages. The demonstration was
attended by representatives from the Central Intelligence
Agency, the Armed Forces, the Department of Defense, and
other interested government agencies.
The demonstration consisted of several articles of Russian
chemical literature which was translated into English using
an IBM 704 computer. Two of the articles had never been seen
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by the research staff. The National Science Foundation
reported, "The evaluation by chemists on the intelligibility
and completeness of the text was positive."
to a subsequent demonstration on November 20th, 1958, be-
fore the International Scientific Congress, articles from
other fields of knowledge were demonstrated using improved
programs.
These tests were not designed to produce perfect translations
but primarily to prove that machine translation is a
practical possibility.
The Caff system is experimental and possesses too many practical
limitations to render it useful except in a scientific sense.
The basic points and principles of the system, however,
represent the foundation on which a truly operational system
can be structured. The research is an accomplished fact;
the development is the next logical step.
Machine Translation Inc. proposes to develop this discovery
the point of practical application. This will entail:
the development of a refined and improved system for the
computer; the development of a faster and more efficient
method and equipment to prepare the source language for
introduction into the computer; the coding and up-dating
of dictionaries in the required form.
* s S
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0B VESAt ANTICIPATED REStI
The proposed one year program will bring us to the following
levels of achievement:
1. A system with operational capacity to translate
25,000 to 50.000 words per hour depending on the
computer used.
2.. The system will yield a useable and commercially
acceptable product.
The system will lead itself to the translation of
several languages, singly or simultaneously.
4. The dictionary of the system will permit the
translation of material in several (at least
seven) scientific disciplines as well as general
text (except poetry and literary works).
expected size of the dictionary is 400,000
Ge.-"e-ta4
to 500.000 words. to consist of a Gemmel Dictionary,
General Technical Dictionary, and seven dictionaries
to various specialized subject matters or scientific
disciplines. The dictionaries will be prepared
for translation of Russian Into English.
6. Experimental dictionaries of approximately 500
words each will be prepared for testing purposes
to the following languages: Russian into German,
French, and Spanish; German Into English; French
Into English; English Into Chinese. and other
combinations of the languages mentioned.
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Equipment. will be developed and perfected to
facilitate the efficient and economical preparation
of input material for the computer.
The same equipment will be used to prepare the
dictionaries and semi-automatically poet-edit
the output.
For purposes of description, the proposed venture may be
presented in four separate work phases. To practice, those
stages will not be undertaken in numerical order. Rather.,
they overlap and may be carried out simultaneously.
11
D v S em' 'fo ` +eed- The IrAgAINURS P L
The present C system I s in experimental model. The decimal
coding employed Is/not the most advantageous number-system
to use on a comp,er. The se,enta individual operations;
long, fixed lep th records; complex linguistically oriented
and tofu extensive use of macroprogrM46 pad sabroutins
make It almcftt impossible as a production model. It bas served
its PurpO8e as an experimental model. It proved that a
system q this type operates. yields translation and that
the Pr'1nhiples of the approach are valid.
We, ropos.e to develop and perfect a new system. which will:
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(a) Take advantage of the machine's ability to
handle octal numbers.
(b) Utilise code patterns, which will:
(1) Simplify, speed up dictionary preparations,
allowing to assign automatically on the
machine code patterns to the words and
their equivalents, which will then be
checked manually,
(2) Produce much shorter records in the
dictionary. resulting in reduced machine
time during the translation processes.
(o) Further shorten records by the use of minimum
Is coding, resulting in as elimination of all
redundant material.
d) Further shorten records through the elimination
of repetitions in the target language equivalents,
based on the fact that many paradigms even of
different stems can yield the same target language
equivalent.
(ee) Further shorten records through the use of
variable length records in all stages of the.
system.
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M Operate on simplified logic based on new Ideas
(with respect to MT systems) of arithmetic
progression of codes; elimination of qualified
and partial matching, fragmentation of units,
and matching at two levels. In addition, new
Ideas oSantecejent storage will be Incorporated.
All matching operations will become relative, the
data remaining stationary within the machine.
Lo4gic will be more abstract, less linguistically
oriented, more suited for machine operations.
(g) Be streamlined and will flow as a single process,
out human intervention, from Input of source
language to final output of target language.
(h) Additional optional features which can be
considered are;
- production of output tapes which will allow
post editing and correlorr on an automatic.
basis if desired, and
- provision for upper and lower case.printouts
on final output, as well as syllabication
to provide a more presentable (armat, and
- provision for introduction of graphic materials.
(I) Add programs to achieve simultaneous translations
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into two or more languages, on an optional
basis, requiring only one pass of the entire
data.
The proposed system would still probably be uneconomical
on the IBM 704 and marginal on the IBM 709. However, the
planned compatibility of the TBM 709 with the IBM 7090 (which
will be available In January, 1960) coupled with the 5 to l
speed increase at only I5% increase in price, will render
the process economically desirable and competitive in
price with human translators.
D&Velopplal of DI-C
ci
,jlogAries i o R-equin
by the Mechine Transition Svstem.
The staff of the corporation will seek to produce dictionaries
of approximately 500,000 words in the form required by
the new translation process.
The dictionaries will be prepared for translation of
Russian Into English. Each word will be coded and recorded
on paper and on magnetic tape ready for the translation
process in the computer.
It is advisable to first produce a General Dictionary and a
General Technical Dictionary prior to the development of
Specialized Dictionaries to various fields of knowledge
and scientific disciplines. The exact number of words
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coded and recorded within the course of one year will
depend on which fields are selected for the Specialized
Dictionaries as well as on the availability of lexical data
in these fields.
Staff members have already formulated an approach for
eedy machine preparation of dictionaries and for the
up-dating of the dictionaries. This approach Is ready for
final development. The equipment required is identical
to that to be used in the preparation of the source
wage for insertion into the computer. This equipment
scribed In section 3. below.
?}v mntof t i erat to Seed L! Prej et. not
(sleri !Q, Translation.
Under the present system, the source language to be
translated is punched word for word on IBM cards. These
cards are then transferred to a magnetic tape, which Is
mounted on the computer tape units.
This method of input for machine translation is strictly
experimental. It is slow and costly. The card allows no
I checking of the typing, and even a minor typing
error results in serious disruption in the translation
process.. Furthermore, the IBM punch key board is too
limited to accept both the Rpmen and Cyrilic alphabets as
well as necessary punctuation marks, mathematical and
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scientific symbols, and initial capitalization.
We propose to develop and perfect a method and equipment
which will eliminate these shoftcomings. The following
approach appears most fruitful: The source language
is typed on a modified Flexowriter or other machine of
similar type; the source language appears simultaneously
on a punched paper tape and in its original form on a
sheet of paper. The text on the paper is then checked
against the original document and corrections are made.
The tape is corrected accordingly by a speedy and
completely mechanized process. The text on the paper
tape is then coverted to a magnetic tape, which is fed
directly into the computer.
This phase of the proposed program does not necessitate
the construction of special equipment but required merely
the adep.Uon o#'modification of existing Flexowriters
or similar machines. Some preparatory work has already
been carried out and the basic principles and changes
in equipment have been successfully tested.
The proposed method will assure the accuracy of the
materiel introduced into the computer, it will increase
the input speed, and the equipment used is less costly
than present machinery. Furthermore, the proposed
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method will greatly facilitate the preparation and up-
dating of the dictionaries.
Study of Systems end Equipment.
The Corporation proposes to study present standard
computers in order to select the computer best suited
for machine translation. Alterations and modifications
of existing computers to render them more efficient will
also be considered.
The corporation proposes to explore the possibility of
developing new and inexpensive 'auxiliary equipment to
handle some of the functions presently performed on the
more expensive computers. At present, for example, 40
minutes of every hour spent on the IBM 704 computer are
devoted to sorting of input data and conversion of
material, and only 20 minutes are used for the actual
translation process.
As possible later endeavors, the corporation may undertake
to study and assist to the development of other equipment
to achieve:
(a) automatic data preparation systems
(b) audio-translation systems
(c) information retrieval systems.
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ST,P 'FIN
The project will be staffed as folows:
Project Leader and Principal Investigator (I)
Duties: Direct and supervise all research and
and development activities.
Administrative Director (1)
Duties; Supervise and manage all business activities
concerning the project.
Project Secretary (1)
Duties: Technical secretarial services; preparation
of Handbook.
Assistant to Project Leader (2)
Duties: Assist in coding and editing of dictionaries.
Senior Programmer (1)
Duties: Systems engineering.
Programers (2)
Duties: Assist Sr, Programmer in preparing flow charts,
programming, supervision of contractors, etc.
Clerical Supervisor (1)
Duties: "Maintain all files; supervise Flexowriter
operators.
Flexowriter Operators (5)
Duties: Filing; typing of dictionaries and texts.
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Bookkeeper, Secretary (1)
Duties: maintain financial records, pay bills,
prepare vouchers, provide administrative
secretarial services.
OUTSIDE apishLTA'TI)I
A reasonable amount of outside consultation may be
required,
We are presently setting up an advisory board to consist
of specialists in the various scientific disciplines which
have a bearing on machine translation. The members of
this board will advise us on problems that fall within
their fields of specialization.
The interest in the scientific community for our proposed
endeavor has proven highly encouraging. We are presently
negotiating with -- and have already obtained the promise
of support from several -- technical men with outstanding
reputations from the following organizations: Institute
for Advanced Study, Princeton University; Georgetown
University; Massachusetts Institute of Technology;
the Applied Physics Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins
University; Curtis Publishing Company; Harvard University;
various government agencies.
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PR P,&t
The following budget is proposed to cover the work over
a 12 months period.
1. Personnel
Project Leader (1)
Project Secretary (1)
$15,000
4,200
Administrative Director (1)
15,000
Assistants to Project Leader (2)
IT,500
Senior Programmer (1)
13,000
Programmers (2)
16,500
Clerical Supervisor (1)
5,2?0
Fiexowriter Operators (5)
22,500
Bookkeeper, Secretary (1)
5,200
TOTAL SALARIES:
$114,100
2.
Equipment lead Contracted Services
(a)
Data preparation machines (5).
Including prototype
$20,000
(b)
Computer time, coding services
58,000
$76,000
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3. Expendable Technical Supplies
Paper tape, dictionary cards, forms, etc.
$10,000
4. Social Security, Insurance
$3,500
Outside Consultants
$2,000
6. Travel Allowances
To attend technical meetings and
to investigate equipment
$2,500
7, Office Pen
$4.304
0. Incidentals
Telephone, heat, electricity, stationary,
ary supplies. office equipment
maintenance, subscriptions to technical
publications, cleaning services, etc,
$5,500
TOTAL: * $219,900
* This total does not allow for a reasonable profit
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1'INAtIA , ABrLTTY
Machine Translation Inc, was established on may 4, 1959,
The capitalization of the corporation is $110,000.
A tentative agreement has been reached with the Bank
of Commerce, Washington, D.C. According to this bank a
contract between a government agency and our corporation
for the proposed venture,: is a bankable instrument. The
corporation presents the Voucher to the bank, which
Immediately pays the corporation the stated amount. The
bank then submits the voucher to the appropriate govern-
ment agency, which reimburses the bank. This method is
standard operating procedure for practically all research
and development organizations doing business under
government contract in this area.
Considering the bank support available, the corporation
should encounter no financial difficulty in carrying out
the proposed program. However, should the Central
Intelligence Agency prefer that the capitalization of
the corporation be increased, we will immediately secure
the additional capital. It is available to the corporation
on 24 hours notice,
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STARTING E PRO., CT
It is highly desirable to the corporation to begin
operations on the proposed project as soon as possible
after July first of this year. We would very much
appreciate if the Central Intelligence Agency would
render a decision at an early date, since the time
necessary to prepare a' detailed presentation is
considerable,
SPECIAL QUALIFTCATio FOP THE PROJECT
The objectives of Machine Translation Inc, are to develop
a machine translation system, to engage in the production
of translations for the benefit of government agencies
and private organizations, and to undertake research in
the information retrieval field,
The technical staff of this corporation is unique. It
is composed of the only people in the world who have
developed a feasible machine translation system, Every
merit r of the technical staff has devoted the past
several years to intensive study, research, and
experimentation in this field.
The following resumes are submitted to enable you to
judge the caliber of our staff,
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ARIAONF __W)KJA
Technical Director, President
Simferopel Jr. College, Mathematics and Physics. University
of Crimes. Department of Russian Philology, equiv. U.S,
Breslau University, equiv. R.L.S. Rosary College, Chicago,
ill. Institute of Languages and Linguistics. Georgetown
University, Washington, D.C.
actor of Library, Crimean Historical Museum. Librarian
Osteuropa-institute, De Paul University. and institute
of Languages and Linguistics, Georgetown University.
Department head of the u. S. Army':A. G. Civilian Personnel
Office for Bremen-Bremerhaven area, Personnel Acinistrator
of 18,000 employees at over 40 military installations.
Researcher, machine translation. Head of the Code Matching
Technique Group, Georgetown university. Inventor of C
system.
Author of "Statement on Proposed Method for Machine
Translation". "Outline of Linguistic Considerations to
Machine Translation", "C r rode Matching", as well as a
great number of technical papers, reports, studies, said
articles..
Lenguegesi Russian, English +Ge nt~ g 11~ - es.
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_lp_
Ph. U. Economics, University of Berlin.
Independent research, professorial and teaching positions
at Yenchinq University, Peiping; Cornell University;
Institute of Languages and Linguistics, Georgetown
University.
Ford Foundation special grant. ssigned as Director of
Studies with the Division of Modern Languages at Cornell
University.
Science Research Center grant for research project in
European libraries.
Bibliographer, U. S. Information Agency.
eorcher, Machine Translation Project, Georgetown
ersity. Edited dictionaries in preparation of tests?
Publisher of "Central Asian Collectanea". Associate editor
of "Monumenta Serica", Nanzan University, Japan, Author
of a great number of technical papers, research reports,
studies, and articles published in the daily press and
s in the United States, England, China, Japan,
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Germany and Holland.
Languages: English, German, French, T'usslan, Chinese,
Swedish, Turkish.
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MOLT
Director of Systems Engineering
orge Washington University, School of Engineering.
U.S. Department of Agriculture. Graduate School, Executive
Training Program, IBM Corp. Specialized and advanced
educational programs in computer operations at IBM Corp.,
Sperry Rand Corp., Underwood Corp., Electro Data Corp,
National. Cash Register Corp., and Burroughs Corp
Systems consultant, Extensive programing experience
while associated with U. S. Navy Bureau of Yards and Docks,
Office of the Chief Signal Officer, Chief of Navel
tons Office, and Western Union Tele arspa Corp.
Sr. Programmer, Machine Translation Research Project,
Georgetown University. Prepared flow charts and system
definitions. Supervised contractor in preparation of
machine coded programs for test of C*T system. Participated
programming and debugging of operations on the IBM
704 computer. Conducted demonstrations o ;the develope
system,
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Programmer
A.A. George Washington University. Extensive progrmoing
education in c uter operations at IBM Corp. and Electra
Date Corp.
operator, Department of Defense. Translator.
7. S. Joint Publications Research Service, Systems
consultant.
Associate programer, Machine Translation Research Project
Georgetown University.
Languages; English, German, French.
Vice President, Treasurer
U.S. in Rosiness and Economics, American University. Royal
Economics, Sweden, Graduate study at the School
of Advanced international Studies, the Johns Hopkins
University,
riligence Officer, U.S. Air force,
Liaison executive, Scoville ufacturing Company. Business
Beret. Advisor on technical and scientific advertising
and public relations to several U.S. Government agencies
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s privet* research and development orgaaiaations.
President, M. Belmont 'der Stendig, Inc.
Languages: English,, Swedish, German.
Linguistic Consultant.
A.B Hamilton Collage. Ph. D. (linguistics), Yale ITt:ih
Research Analyst, War Department. Chef, Near East Section
ry of Congress. Chief, bear East Division, Voice of
America.
t. Doss Canittee on Information, American
Institute of Biological Sciences, Georgetown Cnlvers
ecturer, Middle Bast Institute.
Author of over 40 books. articles, book reviews.
7.
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C CRATIgE 1tIT i C-E-1 Its
Ylr+~w.YS~.ti6
We are, fortunate to have secured the cooperation an
assistant* of C-E I-R- Inc, In the propasod venture,.
C-E-I-it Is equipped with both IBM 704 and 709 computers
( an IBM 7090 will be installed In February of next year)
and is the largest independent commercial computer center
in the United States. They have offered to supply us with
all the machine time and technical assistance required for
the project under the some terms and conditions offers
government agencies.
C-E-I-R is the only organisation to the nation with
erience in computer operations as related
to machine translation. This experience was acquired
when C-9-1.>R furnished the equipment and technical
once on the programming for the CUT system,
rations of this system mentioned earlier were
performed an C-E-I-R equipment.
The following information accompanies this proposals
A detailed floor plan of the C-E-I?R Research Center,
ug equipment available.
A brochure describing the activities of the C?E-
tuteer Services Division, This brochure includes
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esumes of a number of C-E-I-R analysts and programmers.
Resumes of additional C-E-I- R staff qualified to work
on the proposed project..
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01
OFF-LINE DATA CONVERTING
SYSTEMS
CUSTOMER
READY
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MANAGER
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Approved For Release 2004/01/15 : CIA-RDP64-00046R000200030002-4
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C-E-I-R's ELECTRONIC
DATA PROCESSING FACILITY
Central Processing Unit. Controls system operations
and performs required calculations. On both 704 and
709, these units can add 40,000 ten-digit numbers
per second and can perform logical operations at the
same speed.
Data Synchronizer Unit. Controls all input-output de-
vices for the 709 and makes possible concurrent oper-
ation of calculation, input and output; this feature can
increase effective speed up to nearly 3 times that of
704. (IBM 766)
INPUT UNITS
Card Reader. Reads instruction and data cards into
system at 250 per minute. (IBM 711)
Magnetic Tape Units. Hold up to 900,000 words, or
up to 27,000 IBM card "images". Read into or out of
memory units at 2500 words per second. (704 system
tapes are IBM 727; 709 tapes are IBM 729-Model 1)
OUTPUT UNITS
Magnetic Tape Units. (See 4 above)
Card Punch. Punches results directly during calcu-
lations at 100 cards per minute. Used primarily for
restart or ancillary information. (IBM 721)
Printer. Prints results directly during calculations at
150 lines per minute. Used primarily for monitoring
or operator instructions. (IBM 716)
Magnetic Drum Storage. Provides 8192 words of
auxiliary storage, for 704 only. (IBM 733)
Magnetic Core Storage. Provides 4096 words of "pri-
mary" memory each, or a total of 8192 words, for
704 only. (IBM 737)
Magnetic Core Storage. Provides 32,768 words of
storage. Special switching device makes this capacity
available to either 709 or 704. (IBM 738)
CONTROL UNITS
Tape Control Unit. Controls up to 10 tape units. (IBM
753)
Power Regulation and Distribution Units. Provide re-
quired AC and DC voltages to 704 and 709 systems.
(IBM 736, 741, 746)
OFF-LINE DATA CONVERTING EQUIPMENT
Card-to-Tape Conversion System. Converts data from
IBM cards to magnetic tape at 250 cards per minute.
(IBM 714, 727, 758)
Tape-to-Printer System. Transfers data from magnetic
tape to printed form at 150 lines per minute.
Tape-Data Selector System. Selects desired data from
magnetic tape and converts to cards at 100 cards per
minute or to printed format at 150 lines per minute.
(IBM 774, 747, 407, 519)
 Approved For Release 2004/01/15 : CIA-RDP64-00046R000200030002-4
your
data
0 By mail, or air express
0 Or send it in person
It takes us only a few minutes to place the results
of your computations on a plane, on their way back to you.
Use CEIR for all your 704 and 709 work
Approved For Release 2004/01/15 : CIA-RDP64-00046R000200030002-4
 lease 2004/09/15 : CIA RDP
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IBM 704 computer, basic rate $390 per hour
IBM 704 computer, quantity* rate 350 per hour
'Applicable when your total monthly usage equals
five or more hours. Quantity rates are subject also to
Zone Allowances described on preceding page.
We shall be glad to negotiate special rates for large
or long-term requirements.
Hourly computing rates are based on "good" comput-
ing time from magnetic tape to magnetic tape. No
charge is made for off-line conversion from cards to
tape (for input) or from tape to printer (for output) so
long as the time used is not in excess of 704 time used.
Our charge for a 704 Operator is $7.50 per hour. This
charge is made even when the client furnishes an operator.
Peripheral equipment (except when supplied free of charge
with 704, as noted above):
Card-to-tape Converter ------------------------ $40.00 per hour
Tape Data Selector: To Printer ---------- 55.00 per hour
To Punch ---------- 45.00 per hour
Conventional IBM Equipment
Hourly Rates*
407
Acounting Machine -__---------------------------------------- $16.00
077
Collator -----------------------------------------------------------
5.00
082
Sorter
6.00
522
Interpreter --
5.00
026
Key Punching
4.50
519
Reproducer (per thousand cards) ---- _-------------- -
2.50
*Rates for conventional equipment include operator.
No charge is made for casual use of conventional
equipment incidental to 704 usage.
Daily rates for Consultants, Analysts, and Programmers vary,
but fall into these ranges: (Specific rates for described re-
quirements will be furnished on request.)
Programmers
$ 80.00 to $120.00
Analysts, Mathematicians __-----------
120.00 to 150.00
Senior Analysts, Consultants ----------
150.00 to 200.00
Hourly Rates for the IBM 709 will be about 50 percent higher than for the 704
Approved For Release 2004/01/15 : CIA-RDP64-00046R000200030002-4
 Approved For Release 2004/01/15 : CIA-RDP64-00046R~'30002-4
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