ACTIVITIES OF THE JOHN BIRCH SOCIETY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 36
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 22, 2003
• Sequence Number: 7
• Publication Date: January 1, 1961
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
and for governing such part of them as may
be employed in the service of the United
States, reserving to the States respectively,
the appointment of the officers, and the
authority of training the militia according
to the discipline prescribed by Congress."
Article II, section 2, of the Constitution
further prescribes that "the President shall
be Commander in Chief of the Army and
'Navy of the United States, and of the militia
of the several States when called into the
actual service of the United States."
Still further, article VI of the Constitu-
tion prescribes that, "this Constitution, and
the laws of the United States which shall
be made in pursuance thereof; and all
treaties made, or which shall be made, under
the authority of the United States, shall be
the supreme law of the land;" The first act
of Congress under the Constitution relating
to the Army was the act of 1789 which con-
tinued in being the Army created by the
earlier Continental Congress. In 1792 the
Congress passed the Militia Act which re-
mained law until passage of the National
Defense Act 124 years later. The U.S.
Military Academy was established at
West Point, N.Y., on March 18, 1802, with a
class of 10 cadets and a faculty staff of 5
officers. Several wars later, in 1857, Secre-
tary of War John B. Floyd recognized the
need of an Army General Staff but neither he
nor his successors could gain acceptance of
the idea until Secretary of War Elihu Root
created the Army War College in 1900 and
paved the way for the General Staff measures
of 1903.
Passage of the National Defense Act of
1916 reduced the Army General Staff from
36 officers to 19, leaving only 9 staff officers
for coordinating work. At the outbreak
of World War I, the strength of the German
General Staff was 850; the French staff, 664;
the English staff, 232. The 1916 act also
standardized and converted the militia into
the National Guard and provided for a Re-
serve Corps. Also about this time another
important change in national policy began
to take form. This change, through the
succeeding decades, affected in major pro-
portions the Army's organization structure,
size, and disposition. On April 2, 1917,
President Wilson in a World War I message
to the Congress said in part, "The world
must be made safe for democracy. * * * civ-
ilization itself seeming to be in the balance."
This departure in concept from that of
George Washington who, in his farewell ad-
dress counseled against involvement in Euro-
pean affairs and permanent alliances, forced
a projection of the Army's organization on
the continent of Europe and laid the ground-
work for the next generation of politico-
military planners.
Based on World War I experience, a re-
organization of the War. Department and the
Army was effected by passage of the act of
June 4, 1920, amending the National De-
fense Act of 1916. This act divided the ter-
ritory of the United States into nine corps
areas and created three oversea departments
to which were allotted specific troops. The
staff at all levels was organized on identical
functional lines. The Air Corps became a
separate arm, chemical warfare a separate
service, the tank corps was absorbed by the
infantry. The Army school system was im-
proved and the Army Industrial College (now
Armed Forces Industrial College) was estab-
lished in 1924. The Officer Reserve Corps
and the Reserve officers training program
was firmly established. In addition, the act
provided the General Staff with the planning
function (to present plans for the mobiliza-
tion of the Nation and Its resources in an
emergency), and with responsibility for in-
vestigating and reporting on efficiency of the
Army of the United States and its state of
preparation for military operations and the
rendering of professional aid and assistance
to the Secretary of War and the Chief of
Staff. The General Staff was organized in
five major divisions; personnel, intelligence,
operations and training, supply (labeled Gl,
02, G3, and G4, respectively) and a War
Plans Division known as WPD, a mobild di-
vision designed to move into the field as the
nucleus of a headquarters staff of an expedi-
tionary force.
Unfortunately, the act of 1920 was not
clear on the division of responsibility. The
control exercised by the General Staff over
the supply arms and services was shared with
the Assistant Secretary of War (now Under
Secretary). The Assistant Secretary was
held responsible for the development of
plans for industrial mobilization as well as
the supervision of the procurement of all
military supplies. Chiefs of supply branches
reported to the Assistant Secretary on all
procurement matters. A tentative distinc-
tion was drawn between the military and
civilian aspects of the supply problem, with
04 handling the former and the Assistant
Secretary the later. However, by 1941 there
were more than 1,200 people in the office of
the Assistant Secretary and the ability to
coordinate successfully was increasingly im-
paired.
In addition to the 04 supply problem, an-
other general difficulty was created by the
large number of commands reporting to the
Chief of Staff. The rather extraordinarily
wide span of control of the Chief of Staff
was further complicated by congressional
acts that rapidly increased appropriations
and the size of the Army. In 1934-35 the
appropriation for the Army had dropped to
$277 million and the enlisted strength had
been reduced to 118,000 men. Seven years
later it bounced up to where 101/2 million
men and women would find service with the
Army and appropriations of billions of dol-
lars would be made.
Except for its civil functions-harbor
dredging, flood control, Civilian Consefva-
tion Camps, etc.-the' Army's work in the
mid-thirties was more theoretical than ap-
plied. At the outbreak of World War II
the Chief of Staff had to deal personally,
or through the General Staff, with 40 differ-
ent major commands and 350 smaller ones.
These difficulties, coupled with the in-
adequacy of the WPD which had been
designed for a "one front" operation and the
problem of the relation of the Air Force
to the existing structure which had been
constant since 1920, led to the reorganization
of February 28, 1942. By Executive order
of the President on that date, the Army of
the United States was divided into three
great commands under the Chief of Staff:
Army Ground Forces, Army Air Forces, and
Army Service of Supply Forces, later desig-
nated Army Service Forces.
Thus, after 40 years of wrangling over
the administrative functions of the General
Staff, the principle of coordination over a
large group of subordinates operating agen-
cies was abandoned in favor of the principle
of decentralizing to three major commands
the responsibility for supervision. It is also
important to note, because of subsequent
organizational impacts, that President
Roosevelt, in his 1941 message to Congress,
spelled out his famous "four freedoms" (of
speech, of worship, from want, from fear) as
American ideals in terms of responsibility
"everywhere in the world."
Later in 1945 the President also said, "We
have learned that we cannot live alone, at
peace; that our own well-being is dependent
upon the well-being of other nations far
away."
Thus the rupture, started by Wilson and
the League of Nations in the 140-year policy
of no "entangling alliances," was completed
on June 26, 1945, with the signing of the
Charter of the United Nations. Thus, also,
the signing of the various treaties and agree-
ments stemming from the covenants of the
Charter has created a "supreme law of the
A6665
land," and the commitments for which
place their own unique requirements on the
Army and the way the Army is organized.
The Army's proverbial seesawing between the
extremes of the famines of peace and, the
plenties of war have come to an end, at
least for the foreseeable future. A more or
less stable Army organizational require-
ment has evolved in order that American
principles may be maintained "everywhere
in the world" and that "the world may be
made safe for democracy."
Reduction of the Army to peacetime size,
such as occurred after every war prior to the
Korean war is a thing of the past. No longer
can the risks encouraged by military weak-
nesses be afforded by the United States, or
by its allies in the free world.
A strong active Army constantly reorganiz-
ing to meet the day-to-day advances of tech-
nological advancements, is now a permanent
fixture of our national policy. At the same
time, neither can an Army of extravagances,
such as historically evolved out of the emer-
gency wholesale recruitment, procurement
and an unlimited purse, be condoned. In
its stead every segment and entity of the
Army's organization must be constantly
weighed in light of its continuing contribu-
tion to combat effectiveness, Effective man-
agement must go hand in hand with combat
effectiveness.
Combat effectiveness must relate to the
nature of the war being fought.
Past conflicts have depended on physical
force to destroy men and render them hors
de combat.
Today the war is fought in the minds
of man, to destroy their wills and reduce
them to slavery.
In such a war the entire population must
be united in positive thought and action.
Americans are born or have by their own
free will become members of one organiza-
tion-the United States of America.
Americans affirm but one loyalty above
all-the sacred contract that made us
one, under God.
Americans pledge their loyalty to the
flag which stands for all that the Con-
stitution has brought into being.
The officials of our Federal Govern-
ment, in their oath of office, swear to
support and defend this Constitution
against all enemies, foreign and domestic.
The Constitution is the contract that
grants them office and, in the event of
infidelity to its terms, excludes them
from official status.
The Constitution is the essence of the
principle of civilian control.
The National Lottery of Yugoslavia
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PAUL A. FINO
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 24, 1961
Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, I should like
to acquaint the Members of this House
with the national lottery of Yugoslavia.
Yugoslavia is one of only three Com-
munist nations utilizing the lottery de-
vice. It is perhaps noteworthy that the
three Communist nations using lot-
teries, Yugoslavia, Poland, and Czech-
oslovakia, are the three nations in the
past most heavily subjected to Western
influences. The more stringent Com-
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 A6666
munist nations will have no part of lot-
teries.
The gross receipts of the Yugoslav
national lottery came to $20 million in
1960., The net income to the state in
that year was $5 million. The bulk of
the money is used to assist orphanages,
hospitals, and other institutions.
Of the nations of Europe and the
Americas, only the United States, Can-
ada, and most Communist countries do
not operate lotteries. The two great na-
tions of North America are in rare com-
pany.
/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
EISIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
stitutions and ideas accepted by most Ameri-
cans as the very fabric of our society, what
will they conclude? Will they not begin to
falter in whatever hopes for fulfillment of
their dreams our system may have aroused
Support of Foreign Aid
SPEECH
OF
HON. JACK WESTLAND
OF WASHINGTON
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Activities of the John Birch Society Friday, August 18, .1961
The House In Committee of the Whole
EXTENSION OF REMARKS House on the State of the Union had under
of consideration the bill (H.R. 8400) to pro-
mote: the foreign policy, security, and gen-
HON. FRANK CHURCH eral welfare of the United states by assist-
ing ;peoples of the world in their efforts to-
OF IDAHO ward. economic and social development and
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES internal and external security, and for other
Thursday, August 24, 1961 purposes.
Mr. CHURCH. Mr. President, the Mr. WESTLAND. Mr. Chairman, the
activities of the John Birch Society have Mutual Security Act of 1961 has been
come under considerable scrutiny of late, passed by this body 287 to 140. I was
or the
h t d
and certainly a more thorough under-
standing of its operations is a public
need.
It is encouraging to note that the
weekly "grassroots" press of the Nation
is giving attention to exposing the so-
ciety, and I am pleased that one of the
outstanding; newspapers of Idaho, the
Rexburg Standard, has commented on
the Birchers' recently publicized essay
contest.
I would 'like unanimous consent that
the editorial in the Standard of August
15 be printed in the Appendix of the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
BLOW AT INSTITUTIONS
The John Birch Society has by its "per-
sonal villification" of Chief Justice Warren,
aroused the wrath of the American Bar As-
sociation. That group's anger is wholly
justified, and should be echoed among the
general public. For the Birchers, in an-
nouncing that they will sponsor an under-
graduate essay contest on reasons for War-
ren's impeachment, have sought to besmirch
the Supreme Court.
Whitney North, president of the bar as-
sociation, delivered at its national conven-
tion a speech critical of the Birch Society's
action. His remarks were roundly applauded
by the convention delegates, who represent
lawyers in all parts of the United States.
The Birch Society's conduct, said Seymour,
is leading ignorant people into "disrespect
for our institutions which maintain liberty
under law."' Actually, the activities of the
John Birch group and other radicals of the
far right fringe go deeper than that. They
give aid and comfort to our enemies in the
world ideological struggle in which the
United States and our allies are engaged.
It takes no seer to understand what we
are witnessing-a global rebellion of the op-
pressed, the so-called "revolution of rising
expectations" Both we and the Communists
pose as their champtions. Millions are
wavering between two choices-our way of
life and that to which the Kremlin pays
a cynical lip service.
When these desperate people hear, from
within America, vicious rantings against in-
one of thoseMembers w o vo e
bill. Also, I was one of the Members
who voted for all amendments that called
for reductions which, I believe, would
have trimmed unnecessary fat from the
program.
These amendments included a out of
$50 million from the development grant
authorization, the reduction by $181
million of the authorization for the
President's supporting assistance fund,
a reduction of $50 million in the Presi-
dent's contingency fund, and the dele-
tion of the provision of $25 million for
loans to small farmers in friendly for-
eign nations. In each case the amend-
ments were rejected.
Mr. Chairman, the people of the dis-
trict I represent generally support the
mutual security program. This year 80
percent of those who answered my ques-
tionnaire said that they favor continu-
ation by the United States of its mutual
security program of economic and mili-
tary assistance to countries outside the
Soviet bloc. I have received a few let-
ters, however, that ask why it is neces-
sary to assist foreign nations when we
could use the money for other purposes
here at home. I believe that these are
people who do not understand that about
80 percent of the money we spend for
foreign aid is spent in this country, not
abroad.
This money is used to purchase Amer-
ican goods such as machinery, timber
products, cement, 106-millimeter recoil-
less rifle shells, fishery products, as well
as milk, Cheese, and other farm prod-
ucts. The Items I have cited as exam-
ples, Mr. Speaker, are all commodities
that are produced in my own district.
These are American-made products that
provide employment and wages for
Americans. When we send products to
other countries, we are not only helping
those nations, but are also helping our-
selves.
Another point concerns the benefits
of the program in terms of the military
Augu$$t 24
support we receive. Many of the na-
tions that receive aid from us maintain
military forces which make a vital con-
tribution. to our mutual defenses. If we
were forced to maintain an Army large
enough to replace the armies of our
friends, the costs would be much greater
than the costs of this program.
So, Mr. Chairman, I believe the mu-
tual security program works two ways.
It helps our friends and it helps us. This
is why I: have supported it in the past
and vote for it today.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. GEORGE M. RHODES
of PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Puesday, August 15, 1961
Mr. RHODES of :Pennsylvania. Mr.
Speaker, under leave to extend my re-
marks I include an interesting and timely
editorial which recently appeared in the
South Omaha Sun, of Omaha, Nebr.:
THE PATRIOTS
We hear patriotism is declining in this
country, and we don't believe it for a minute.
It seems to us that Americans are as patriotic
as they ever were. Certainly their response
to Khrushchev's contrived crisis over Berlin
leaves little to be desired. Except for a few
frenetic souls who apparently long to see
H-bombs bursting in air, most of the Ameri-
can people have been going about their busi-
ness soberly, determined to see this thing
through, as they have seen through other
crises, and ready to make whatever sacrifices
may be necessary for the national welfare.
If there are any "apostles of appeasement
among us, their number is scanty and their
voices have been conspicuously silent. We
have seen pointed suggestions that there are
sinister, unnamed individuals, in the White
House and the State Department, who are
eager to throw in the sponge to communism.
We think such charges are rubbish.
In recent days the American people have
been revealing their patriotism in manifold
ways. We think of the Freedom Riders, risk-
ing life and limb for the ideals of brother-
hood and equality. We think of the young
men and women responding to the Peace
Corpe; of business leaders-as in Omaha--
going out and doing things for the better-
ment of their communities; of union men--
as in Chicago-fearlessly tossing out the
thugs controlling their local. We talk to
people every day-teachers and preachers
and parents and politicians, Boy Scouts,
farmers, waitresses, social workers? soldiers,
postrien, diplomats, doctors, lawyers, mer-
chants, chlefs--and we haven't seer.L any sign
that their love of this country has diminished
one iota.
Pa~riotism is not--as some seem to think--
a matter of proclaiming one's own adoration
of -the flag while derogating that of one's
fellow citizens. The true patriot doesn't
wear his stars and stripes upon his sleeve; he
doesn't say-or think---what he and he alone,
or his group and his group alone, is the only
reliable keeper of the sacred flame. Patriot-
ism is of the deed, not merely the word;
of attitudes, not attitudinizing; of a
healthy discontent with things as they
are end a resolve to do better, not the smug
refusal to countenance criticism cr change,
not standing pat on dogma, not sitting tight
on the status quo.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 A6824
ApprovedCFMR"gWM3L1 Wii 6ii116-RDn$PPMIIR000200110007- 4ugust.29
national situation, will be made public to-
morrow, at least nobody is talking about
price controls.
If the need for a balanced budget in
prosperous times has been dismissed as a
Republican myth-the evidence on this
point Isn't conclusive yet-the need to keep
American products competitively priced in
world markets has been accepted by this
administration as it was by the last.
The regulated industries, filled with dread
of the unknown, facing strange commission-
ers and reorganized commissions, have nev-
ertheless found that the Government un-
derstands some of their problems.
The overall picture is almost indescribably
mixed.
The future is even more questionable than
the past. Uncounted study groups, inter-
agency committees and task forces are now
at work drafting plans for the solution of
nearly every imaginable problem facing the
world, the country, and business.
Deadlines have been set, mostly in the
neighborhood of next Septelpber and Octo-
ber, with the objective of permitting time
for White House study and formulation of
concrete proposals to be sent to Congress in
January. The real shape of the administra-
tion's attitude toward business will become
known then-but there are already a wealth
of clues-among the inconsistencies.
Journal of Commerce Examines Kennedy
Economic Programs-IV
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS
OF MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 29, 1961
Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr.
Speaker, the second article in Eileen
Shanahan's series on the economic pro-
grams of the New Frontier discussed
Kennedy and organized labor. This
article follows:
KENNEDY DISAPPOINTING LABOR
(By Eileen Shanahan)
WASHINGTON.-Organized labor is perhaps
even more disappointed in the Kennedy ad-
ministration than business is. It had such
high hopes.
The dissatisfaction rests on two grounds:
Many labor leaders feel the administration
has stopped with half measures to solve the
unemployment problem and shown too great
a disposition to compromise on minimum
wage, social security and other legislation.
UNION FEAR
Even closer to home, many union chiefs
increasingly fear that the administration
can't be relied on to show up in their corner
when collective bargaining breaks down.
Key administration officials will privately
agree-some of them with considerable
pride-that the latter complaint has merit.
No automatic assumption that the union is
right and the management wrong charac-
terizes Arthur J. Goldberg, Labor Depart-
ment, they say.
Stories are told to reinforce this point:
tales of Secretary Goldberg "chewing out"
Labor Leader Joe Curran in the course of
the maritime strike; of the Secretary's flat
refusal of a union plea to intervene before
Vie Civil Aeronautics Board to help striking
Southern Airways pilots get their jobs bacR,
with prestrike seniority.
CASE HISTORY
One interesting case history revolves
around the strike of workers at Hanford,
Wash., atomic installation, which is operated
for the Government by General Electric.
The Government's special atomic labor
panel investigated the dispute and proposed
a new contract which went against the
union on key issues, including union se-
curity provisions, but which also included
a wage package which GE felt broke the pat-
tern it had established in its settlements
elsewhere.
GE resisted but finally, in the face of
Government pressure not to prolong a strike
involving the national security, agreed to
sign.
The next word which came to the Labor
Department was from the union-which
asked for just one more little item in the
package. Secretary Goldberg reportedly hit
the roof; told the union he was not yielding
to any such pressures; that it could either
go back to work on the recommended terms
or read his public 1Yenunciation in the next
day's newspapers. It worked.
SIGNIFICANT SHIFT
The Goldberg lieutenants who tell this
story feel that the Secretary's firm drawing
of the line precisely where an "impartial"
board drew it represents a significant de-
parture from the labor practices of the
Roosevelt and Truman administrations,
when union pressure for just one more little
thing was frequently successful,
The story, however, also illustrates another
point-one which has business badly wor-
ried. When Government gets into labor dis-
putes, the settlement almost invariably gets
more expensive.
Just how extensively this administration
intends to inject itself into labor-manage-
ment troubles is not altogether clear. Even
some of Arthur Goldberg's firm friends and
admirers express a fear that the Secretary
simply enjoys dramatically boarding an air-
plane and flying off to a distant city to settle
a strike by sheer personal forcefulness.
The Goldberg "settlements" to date do not
reveal very much. Both the tugboat and
airlines workers merely agreed to go back to
work pending resolution of the complex
questions over work rules which had pre-
cipitated their strikes. If the proof of the
pudding is in the eating these puddings are
still being cooked.
SHOCKED THE UNIONS
The Government's resort to a Taft-Hartley
injunction in the maritime strike shocked
the unions as much as it dismayed the
management-aware, as they are, that by
the time the 80-day injunction runs out,
the pressure will be on for deliveries of fuel
oil for fall heating.
That Intervention was a matter of some
controversy within the administration, but
Mr. Goldberg was reportedly able to con-
vince the President with a statistical argu-
ment: All but a handful of the strikes which
have been halted over the years by Taft-
Hartley Act injunction have been settled be-
fore the end of the 80 days.
The great question ahead-which may set
the pattern for the future years of the Ken-
nedy administration-is whether there will
be Government intervention if the current
auto industry negotiations break down. Mr.
Goldberg's own. words on the subject are
contradictory.
On the one hand, he has said that "we
cannot * * * have a shutdown in the auto-
mobile Industry." On the other, that "I do
not believe * * * that the public interest
is served by issuing appeals to * * * an
industry and a union which have pursued a
constructive path of cooperation without a
work stoppage of consequence for more than
a decade."
A final major-and still open-question is
the future role of the Presidential Advisory
Committee on Labor-Management Relations.
There are widespread fears that this tri-
partite group will be thrust directly Into
labor disputes, the great prestige of its indi-
vidual industry, labor and public members
used to dictate specific contract settlements.
Officialdom on all sides denies this.
What the Committee is supposed to be
doing is work out answers to the most funda-
mental sort of labor-management problems.
How to handle automation, how to keep
American goods competitively priced, and so
on. If the Committee does stay together and
produce some reports, the union or manage-
ment which refuses to follow its guidelines
may be unable to escape public pillorying.
And every effort is being made to see that
the group does continue to function.
Most of its meetings are held right in the
White House; the President himself is
brought in to participate; briefings have been
given not only on international economic
problems but the world military and political
situation, too. Every effort is being made to
emphasize the Issues which should unite,
rather than divide American labor and
management.
Journal of Commerce Examines Kennedy
Economic Programs-V
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS
OF MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 29, 1961
Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Speak-
er, in the July 26 article, the third of
the Journal of Commerce series, the
approach of the Kennedy administration
to the question of antitrust enforcement.
This article is set out below :
KENNEDY STIFFENING TRUST POLICY
(By Eileen Shanahan)
WASHINGTON.-The Kennedy administra-
tion is obviously attempting to establish
even more rigorous standards of antitrust
enforcement than those which prevailed dur-
ing the Eisenhower years.
Yet there are conflicts among its per-
sonalities and Inconsistencies in its approach
which makes one wonder whether it will
achieve its own objectives.
SEEKS TO SPLIT UP FIRMS
Assistant Attorney General Lee Loevinger,
head of the Justice Department's Antitrust
Division, wants to stress major antitrust
cases of a structural nature-splitting up
big companies and diffusing their power in
the marketplace.
But Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy
and his Deputy, Byron White-Mr. Loevin-
ger's bosses-have privately let it be known
that they would like to concentrate on crim-
inal price-fixing cases, even small regional
ones, with the objective of putting some
more businessmen in jail.
The Justice Department and the Federal
Trade Commission are moving In precisely
opposite directions on the subject of consent
decrees.
The attempt by the Justice Department to
prohibit price cutting by major electrical
companies-to protect small firms in the
field from the dangers of competition-has
terrified classical antitrusters who feel their
objective should be to force more competi-
tion, not less.
PERSONNEL PROBLEM
In addition, a serious personnel problem
has developed In the Justice Department's
Antitrust Division, where 30 or 40 young
lawyers plus the Division's top career man
have resigned since Mr. Loevinger took over.
The reasons for the exodus are not al-
together clear-the former first assistant,
W. Wallace Kirkpatrick, is loyally saying
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 196;1 Approved For PeM(~~f1A0Y.: JIW4B%W "fR00110007-5
while, I urge all Americans to write Senator
THURMOND for information on the official
gagging of the military.
I urge all Americans to write their own
Representatives urging support of a resolu-
tion which Senator THuaMOND Introduced in
the Senate on August 4, 1961 (S. Res. 191).
Senate Resolution 191 asks for an investiga-
tion, by the Senate Armed Services Commit-
tee, "of the use of military personnel and
facilities to arouse the public to the menace
of the cold war."
I most particularly urge that all Americans
who care about their own country write
their elected representatives (in their State
capitals and in Washington), demanding
that they do something to reinstate and ex-
onerate Maj. Gen. Edwin A. Walker who was
crucified, for being a patriot, by the very
scurviest of scurvy leftwing forces.
WHO Is DAN SMOOT?
Dan Smoot was born in Missouri. Reared
in Texas, he attended SMU in Dallas, taking
B.A. and M.A. degrees from that university in
1938 and 1940.
In 1941, he joined the faculty at Harvard
as a teaching fellow in English, doing gradu-
ate work for the degree of doctor of philos-
ophy in the field of American civilization.
In 1942, he took leave of absence from
Harvard in order to join the FBI. At the
close of the war, he stayed in the FBI, rather
than return to Harvard.
He served a4 an FBI agent in all parts of
the Nation, handling all kinds of assign-
ments. But for 3% years, he worked exclu-
sively on Communist investigations in the
industrial Midwest. For 2 years following
that, he was on FBI headquarters staff in
Washington, as an administrative assistant
to J. Edgar Hoover.
After 911/a years in the FBI, Smoot resigned
to help start the Facts Forum movement in
Dallas. As the radio and television com-
mentator for "Facts Forum," Smoot, for al-
most 4 years spoke to a national audience
giving both sides of great controversial issues.
In July 1955, he resigned and started his
own independent program, in order to give
only one side--the side that uses funda-
mental American principles as a yardstick
for measuring all important issues.
If you believe that Dan Smoot is provid-
ing effective tools for those who want to
think and talk and write on the side of free-
dom, you can help immensely by subscribing
and encouraging others to subscribe, to thq-
Dan Smoot report.
Journal of Commerce Examines Kennedy
Economic Programs-I
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS
OF MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 29, 1961
Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Speak-
er, the New York Journal of Commerce
recently presented 10 feature reports
from Washington which examined the
economic proposals of the Kennedy
administration.. This publication per-
formed a useful public service by pub-
lishing this series which looked into
many aspects of the administration
programs which, when taken together,
present a much more meaningful pic-
ture than when these are viewed in-
dividually. I hope the New York Jour-
nal of Commerce will repeat this series
periodically-on a 90- or 180-day basis-
and will present new facts and figures
as they come to light. A real search
for facts about the Kennedy pro-
posals is much needed if sound think-
ing is to predominate and unwise pro-
posals are to be exposed and defeated.
The writer of this series, Miss Eileen
Shanahan, deserves much credit for
her hard work, initiative and follow-
through in preparing this series. She
did her work in a scholarly fashion,
and her careful research has again
earned her the respect of her readers.
In view of the often sloppy press re-
porting which goes on regarding so
many of the economic problems and
proposals facing us, Miss Shanahan was
fair and independent. Without doubt
she displeased readers on both the ex-
treme right and extreme left, but to
many of us she produced a meaningful
series and this deserves recognition.
This series will be presented in sep-
arate insertions throughout the RECORD
of today and tomorrow.
Journal of Commerce Examines Kennedy
Economic Programs--II
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS
OF MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 29, 1961
Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Speak-
er, the New York Journal of Commerce
series on the Kennedy economic pro-
grams was kicked off by an editorial in
which the editors of the Journal ex-
plained the basis of their interest and an
outline of what they hoped to do, It
appears below:
WHITHER NEW FRONTIER?
The Kennedy administration started out 6
months, ago in a manner which most busi-
nessmen found reassuring. The new Presi-
dent began his term with an absolute com-
mitment not to devaluate the dollar; the
widely anticipated break between the admin-
istration and the Federal Reserve System did
not occur; John Kenneth Galbraith went to
India, not Washington; Mr. Kennedy's first
mention of taxes was a promise to aid busi-
ness investment via tax relief. The hopes of
the business community were high.
They are not so high any longer.
The Federal budget is rising even beyond
the new administration's own estimates; the
old Democratic pattern of Government inter-
vention. in labor disputes seems to be on the
way back in; a group of America's most
prominent big businessmen find that they
just cannot get along with the new Secretary
of Commerce.
Has the administration really made a dra-
matic left turn? Eileen Shanahan of the
Journal of Commerce Washington staff finds
that the answer to this question is yes-
and no.
In a series of 10 articles which begin today,
she takes first, a general look at administra-
tion policies and then, In subsequent articles,
analyzes major areas of Government activity
of direct Interest to business, labor policy,
A6823
antitrust, taxes and the budget, direct regu-
lation of business, welfare programs and what
they coda, money management, land and
power programs, and International economic
policies.
Journal of Commerce Examines Kennedy
Economic Programs-III
EX:TEN'SION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. LAURENCE CURTIS
OF MISSOURI
IN TILL HC)USE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, August 29, 1961
Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Speaker,
on July 24. the New York Journal of
Commerce carried the first of Miss
Eileen Shanahan's articles in the series
on the economic programs of the new
administration. Entitled "Kennedy
Eludes Label," it appears as follows:
POLICY LINE ZIGZAGS--KENNEDY ELUDES
LABEL--SHAPE OF STAND ON BUSINESS IS
TAKIN(; FORM
(By Eileen Shanahan)
WASHINGTON.-"The administration has
avoided extreme economic views * '" * it
has in no way shown hostility to business
.enterprise '" *-* and the economic moves
actually taken by the administration have
been more prudent than some of its
rhetoric."
BURNS' WORDS
The words are those of Arthur F. Burns,
economic adviser to former President Eisen-
hower. 'rhe administration he was describ-
ing was, of course, the present one--John
F. Kennedy's New Frontier.
Dr. Burns calm summati.on--which came,
incidentally, as the filial paragraph of a
lengthy article criticizing administration
economic policies-would not stand uncon-
tested in any gathering of businessmen or
those who represent them in Washington.
It would, however, find rather widespread
acceptance.
The problem is one of comparisons. It
goes without saying, and without argument,
that the :Kennedy administration is to the
left of the, Eisenhower administration on vir-
tually every issue. What is not so clear is
that it may be to the right of the Truman
and Roosevelt administrations in some
significant and surprising areas--labor
policy, for one.
If the administration is more to the left
than most, businessmen would wish, it may
also be less to the left than they feared it
might be.
MUTED HOSTILITY
There is a muted undertone of hostility
to big bt-.sinesii to be found in Washington
today. But there is not a single Govern-
ment official anywhere in the Capital who
publicly describes profits as unnecessary or
evil.
It is tree that the administration has jast
pushed through Congress the most enor-
mous housing bill in history. But it is also
true that, it never even advocated a vast
public works spending program to cure the
late recession.
The banking community is deeply upset
over the administrations unprecedented
and poseibly unlawful blocking of bank
mergers 'ay administrative fiat. But it is
well satisfied with the administration's han-
dling, to date, of the problem of financing
the vast Government debt.
If Government spending is going r--
where but up-and the bad news on just
how much further up, in view of the inter-
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 A6822 Approves 'TR ?5SKC '0 1 (ORTA4:~ BDM 8000200110007-51ugust -29
the paper's managers resented General
Walker's emphasis on patriotism, decency,
and truth.
Every Issue of Overseas Weekly carries
large pictures of seminude (or completely
nude) girls in poses so suggestive as to be
pornographic. Captions accompanying the
pictures have the same flavor.
One Issue of Overseas Weekly carried a
full story on the publication of a "Ladies
Directory," listing (for American servicemen)
the names and addresses of prostitutes in the
Soho district of London. Another presented
a long and lurid review of the autobiography
of a European prostitute.
Confidential information from soldiers in
the 24th-who admire General Walker and
despite the scurvy little rag which they call
the Oversexed Weekly-indicates that the
old woman, who is president and executive
editor of Overseas Weekly, herself enjoys the
nude and seminude girlie pictures which
habitually adorn her paper, and that her
office staff is composed of odd-looking women
with similar tastes.
Bob Jones, formerly in the U.S. Air Force,
is now Munich correspondent for Overseas
Weekly. In August 1960, a claim was filed
against Jones by the 7th Army Support Com-
mand for taking unauthorized photographs
of the Rhine Army Ordnance Depot. Jones
is now allowed on U.S. military installations
only under escort.
There is some indication that Wince Mul-
hahey, sports editor of Overseas Weekly, is
an alcoholic.
Harold Melahn, secretary-treasurer of
Overseas Weekly, was a delegate to the Com-
munist world youth festival at Prague in
1947.
A 24th Division officer in Munich, who was
a public information officer in the 5th
Corps from 1955-58, says that Overseas
Weekly employees generally associate with
known Communists and habitually attend
parties where they can meet military per-
sonnel who handle classified information.
The Overseas Weekly characters had a
specific reason for hating General Walker,
too.
Shortly after General Walker took com-
mand of the 24th, he found out that Sieg-
fried Naujocks, ace reporter for Overseas
Weekly, was snooping around headquarters
trying to find a pipeline for obtaining mili-
tary secrets. Naujocks was also trying to
damage troop morale, by spreading gossip
among the troops that General Walker was
mentally ill.
Walker had Naujocks barred from all mili-
tary installations of the 24th Division. John
Dornberg, news editor of Overseas- Weekly,
threatened General Walker with retaliation.
Naujocks is a Pole, living in West Ger-
many on a German passport. During the
days of Hitler, Naujocks worked for the
Nazi's Ministry of Propaganda. Late in
World War II, he was shipped to the eastern
front to fight against the Communists. His
subsequent political views, as revealed in his
writings, do not indicate that he hated Com-
munists, however.
Naujocks and John Dornberg wrote the
Overseas Weekly article which ruined Gen-
eral Walker's career.
Shortly afterward, the Macmillan Co., 60,
Fifth Avenue, New York City, published a
book by Dornberg. The book is entitled
"Schizophrenic Germany". It is filled with
the "hate-Germans" propaganda which the
Communist conspiracy has been spewing out
all over the world-from the American press
coverage of the Eichmann trial in Israel, to
the disgusting spate of anti-German films
and commentaries saturating television in
the United States.
The Communists hate and fear Germany,
because they recognize it as the only nation
of Europe capable of resisting communism.
Hence, all Communist and pro-Communist
propaganda concerning Germany-including
Dornberg's Schizophrenic Germany-is de-
signed to keep Germany disarmed and di-
vided so that it can never again become a
bulwark against communism.
General Walker said:
"We have Communists and we have Over-
seas Weekly. Neither is one of God's bless-
ings to the American people or their soldier
sons overseas. Immoral, unscrupulous, cor-
rupt, and destructive. are terms which could
be applied to either. If the costs of the bad
effects of Overseas Weekly could be ac-
counted in dollars, it would be in terms of
hundreds of millions of dollars without in-
cluding all the benefits to the enemy."
An Army Times editorial, on the Walker
case, contains these comments:
"We don't think much of the Overseas
Weekly. Called the Oversexed Weekly by the
troops, it has been termed 'subversive to the
command * * * since it carries news cal-
culated to destroy unit loyalty, smear non-
commissioned leaders, and assist anti-
American forces * * * by portraying the
American soldier as rowdy, disorderly, dis-
honest, and immoral.' "
WHAT DO WE CARE?
A most disturbing aspect of the Walker
case is the general apathy of the American
people and of the Congress. A semiliterate,
leftwing rag called a newspaper can instigate
the public humiliation of a fine American
general; and the public seems not to care;
and only a handful of Congressmen and
Senators even raise their voices.
In the Senate of Texas-General Walker's
home State-a resolution was passed (May
23, 1961) expressing support of General
Walker and pleading with the Defense De-
partment to reinstate him as commander of
the 24th Division. One Texas senator
who voted against this resolution-Culp
Krueger-said :
"What business is it of ours?"
What business, indeed. What happened
to General Walker should be the burning
concern of every decent American who loves
liberty and justice.
In the National Congress, STROM THUR-
MOND in the Senate and DALE ALFORD in the
House have fought insistently in defense of
General Walker. They have been joined,
somewhat, by men like BRUCE ALGER, O.
CLARK FISHER, STYLES BRIDGES, CHARLES
GOODELL, KARL MUNDT. A few columnists
and commentators like Paul Harvey, Fulton
Lewis, Jr., and George Sokolsky have taken
up the cudgels for General Walker. But,
by and large, the American Congress, the
public, and the press, have indifferently per-
mitted the pro-Communist leftwing to hu-
miliate, and wreck the career of, one of our
finest soldiers-for being an effective patriot.
SINISTER CONNECTIONS
There is much more to the Walker case
and related events than meets the eye. For
example, the Overseas Weekly accusation
that General Walker's problue program was
a John Birch Society project 'a charge which
the Army investigation proved false) was
originally made on April 9-at precisely the
time when the leftwing attack on the John
Birch Society was at its peak. Oddly enough,
however, the news about the Overseas
Weekly's attack on Walker did not really
capture attention in the United States until
the week of April 17.
What else happened that week?
At dawn on Monday, April 17, 1961, an
assortment of eight old boats, some of them
barely seaworthy slipped into the Bay of
Pigs, which is surrounded by the Zapata
Swamp on the southwestern shore of Cuba.
Aboard the vessels were 1,300 Cubans who
wanted to liberate their homeland from
Communist dictatorship. Castro forces were
waiting for them, obviously well-informed
of all their plans. Shore guns raked the
ships, immediately destroying the old vessel
which was the invaders' communications
center. Castro tanks, expertly manned, oc-
cupied all the roads through the great
swamp. And Castro planes quickly destroyed
the air cover for the little force of invaders
and began strafing them on the beaches.
There was no geenral uprising of anti-
Castro patriots throughout Cuba as the in-
vaders had hoped, because the American
managers of the affair had refused to alert
the Cuban underground which exists in
every hamlet and city of Cuba. Without
the promised support of American air and
naval craft; without the promised guns,
tanks, and ammunition; without the ex-
pected support of their own people in Cuba,
the invaders were trapped on the beaches of
the Bay of Pigs, most of them murdered
there or taken captive to be paraded igno-
minously through Havana and later disposed
of.
The fatal blow to the Cuban patriots try-
ing to free their homeland was the failure
to alert the Cuban underground. Who de-
livered that blow, and what does that have
to do with the Overseas Weekly attacking
General Walker in Germany?
Gene Bernald, 126 Millard Avenue, Philipse
Manor, Tarryton, N.Y., is a director of the
International Media Co., which publishes
Overseas Weekly. Bernald is also a partici-
pating operator of Radio Swan-a powerful
transmitter, on Greater Swan Island, an
American possession in the western Carib-
bean Sea, just north of Honduras. Radio
Swan is licensed for commercial purposes
but devotes much of its time to political
broadcast beamed to populations throughout
Central America. Radio Swan is one of the
stations which saturated that area with anti-
Trujillo propaganda (Trujillo was an anti-
Communist ruler of the Dominican Repub-
lic, who was friendly to the United States,
but whom the Eisenhower administration
repudiated and ruined, at the instigation of
Betancourt, President of Venezuela, who is
widely believed to be a Communist).
Radio Swan justifies its political broad-
casts by saying it fights "isms" of all kinds in
Central'America, whether of the Castro or of
the Trujillo variety.
The anti-Communist Cubans who tried to
recapture their country from Communist
Castro in April 1961, gave Radio Swan a key
role to play. Radio Swan was supposed to
broadcast a signal in code to .alert the Cuban
underground so that an uprising in Cuba
could support the invasion attempt. The
signal was never broadcast.
It is generally believed throughout Central
America that Radio Swan, though managed
as a private business by such people as Gene
Bernald, is actually a CIA (Central Intelli-
gence Agency) operation and that it was
built with U.S. tax money.
A COMMUNIST CAMPAIGN
There is much more which is sinister and
profoundly dangerous to America. Senator
STROM THURMOND, Democrat, of South Caro-
lina, has been waging a gallant fight (with
practically no support in the Congress, little
in the press) against the gagging of all anti-
Communist patriots in the Armed Forces of
America.
The Walker case is merely one aspect of
this great issue. Indeed, Senator THURMOND
has shown that General Walker was used as
a whipping boy to scare other Armed Forces
patriots into silence.
The most startling revelation which Sena-
tor THURMOND has made is that the attack
on anti-Communist patriotism in the Amer-
ican Armed Forces was ordered and initi-
ated by the Communist Party and that Sen-
ator J. WILLIAM FULDRIGHT, Democrat, of
Arkansas, played the leading role in pro-
moting this particular campaign.
In a later issue of this report, we will look
more deeply into the Fulbright affair which
Senator THURMOND brought to light. Mean-
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 1916 Approved For RtMtIRiC- 4B0R0110007-5
is not yet 52. He is at the peak of his career
as a combat-hardened officer. And the little,
soft, spineless parasites of the liberal left
have got him. Thirty years as a first-class
fighting man. And what price glory?"
When General Walker arrived in Germany
in late 1969, he took steps immediately to
set up a program that would condition the
men of the 24th Division as American fight-
Ing men: a vigorous program to condition
the men physically; to educate them in the
political fundamentals which form the bed-
rock of their own society; to acquaint them
with the atheistic and barbarous philosophy
of communism-socialism; to discipline them
in proper behavior as men, so that their
presence in Europe would create good will
rather than hatred for America; and, above
all, to keep the troops constantly reminded
that they are creatures of God dependent
upon and answerable to Him, and, under
Him, responsible for themselves and for
their treatment of others.
Here are a few excerpts from the official
directives which established General Walk-
er's problue program for the 24th Infantry
Division :
"To educate military personnel and their
dependents in the technique of Communist
infiltration, subversion, and propaganda, in
influencing legal governments, seizing pow-
er, then ruling through brutality and fear.
"To instruct military personnel and their
dependents in the recognition of overt and
covert Communist methodology in their at-
tempt to subvert military morale, esprit,
prestige, and leadership.
"To appraise military personnel, and their
dependents, of their personal stake in Amer-
ican political philosophy, the American con-
cept of individual rights and freedoms, and
the demand for individual belief, sacrifice,
and honor.
"To motivate military personnel and their
dependents in adherence to American moral
forces and the precepts of individual dignity,
the preciousness- of every human soul, and
the obligations of the conscientious citizen
to his God, to his country, and to himself.
"Tb inform military personnel and their
dependents of the power of the American
citizen as a unique political force, to study
the structure of local, State, and national
political organizations, to review methods of
assessing issues and candidates, to examine
the techniques of Socialist-Communist ac-
tion, and to note how the American citizen
can exert his power in the fight for freedom.
"To indoctrinate military personnel in
those aspects of body, mind, and spirit which
have a material bearing on morale and mis-
sion in the 24th Infantry Division, to exam-
ine physiological and psychological factors
which affect individual, unit, and division
efficiency ? s ? to create military environ-
ment which will produce tough-fibered, ag-
gressive, disciplined, and spiritually moti-
vated fighters for freedom."
The problue program was remarkably effec-
tive. After it was initiated, chapel attend-
ance among men of the 24th Infantry Divi-
sion increased eightfold; morale conspicu-
ously improved; reenlistments exceeded the
record of any other American oversea mili-
tary organization; and the number of "inci-
dents" creating tensions between Americans
and the local population decreased until the
24th had the best record in the U.S. Army.
Even Europeans recognized that General
Walker had the only division of American
troops who were physically, morally, and
psychologically ready for combat with Soviet
troops, if the necessity arose.
General Walker's success was so spectacu-
lar that he should have been commended
and promoted In rank with a mission to in-
stitute the problue program in all units
and branches of all our armed services
throughout the world.
In fact, the Army high command had
already recognized the man's superior ac-
complishment, by arranging a promotion for
him. In April 1961, General Walker was
preparing to leave the 24th. He was return-
ing to his home State, Texas, with a promo-
tion in assignment, to command the 8th
Corps.
But on April 9, 1961, the Overseas Weekly
editorially complained that General Walker's
troop-information program was a John Birch
Society project and alleged that the general,
in a speech to a PTA group, had called Mrs.
Eleanor Roosevelt, Edward R. Murrow, and
two or three similar persons "pinkos." On
April 14, General Walker denied the news-
paper charges. On April 1B, President
Kennedy-ignoring the general's denial and
accepting Overseas Weekly's charges at face
value--fired General Walker from his com-
mand, canceled his scheduled promotion,
and assigned him to a minor role at U.S.
Army headquarters in Heidelberg, Germany,
pending "investigation of the charges against
him."
On May 31, 1961, the Army disbanded Gen-
eral Walker's problue program--12 days be-
fore announcing that the investigation of
the general had been completed. The Army
still denies that it killed the problue pro-
gram; but I have the story In the words of
Sp4 Ashland F. Burchwell, ex-research clerk
of the Special Warfare Section (problue
section) of the 24th Division. Private
Burchwell wrote an "Obituary to Problue,"
which he sent to me and several other pub-
lishers In the United States. In his cover
letter to me, Mr. Burchwell said::
"They got Walker; but, what is worse, they
got the problue program too. On May 31,
we were told to close up shop. Typewriters,
which, 8 short months ago, had joined you in
a campaign to free America once more, are
now silent. The Special Warfare Section
is now a memory.
"Use the enclosure as you see fit " ? ? use
my name, if you wish-or tag it with the
names of all Americans who believe in free-
dom and are appalled at the great amount
of Communist Influence in the United
States."
The! enclosure was Private Burchwell's
"Obituary to Problue." Here are abbrevi-
ated excerpts from it:
"Thursday, 31 May 1961, will go on the
calendars in Moscow as a victory for world
communism. To some people, it may seem
a minor victory, but to those who know, the
ramifications of this defeat for America may
be so far reaching, that in days to come, it
may be mourned by the slaves of a Commu-
nist world as 'the day freedom lost the war.'
"Ten o'clock in the morning, 31 May 1961,
the problue program of the 24th Division
was disbanded.
"What a pity! How frightening that a
publication such as the Overseas Weekly
should wield such influence over the actions
of free men as to force the downfall of a
program whose only vice was the teaching
of Americanism to Americans.
"How is it that a nation, and the army
of that nation, can comply so completely
with the wishes of their enemy?
"Problue: For God and Country. Pro-
blue: Dedicated to developing American-
ism. Problue: Voice of freemen speaking.
Problue, now In exile, outcast by the witch-
head of ignorance, and destroyed by the
death's-head of communism. Why?
"Sixteen thousand men, were not only
beginning to understand their obligations
as citizens of the greatest Republic in his-
tory, but were also beginning to act on
those obligations and appreciate their right
to believe and act on their ideals. Sixteen
thousand men were beginning to realize the
vastness of the battle they were fighting,
and the enormity of the war they were in.
"But now? An article by a paper of
doubtful, to say the least, quality and mor-
als, and all the truths taught by problue,
become lies. All that was real and sure,
A6821
only hours ago, is now false. All that was
black is miraculously now white. All that
was gocd, now had. For 16,000 disillusioned
men, these are the results of the destruction
-- of problue.
"We now see the outcome of what happens
when some men do good and are not sup-
ported by all good men.
"Where do we, the men who tried to up-
hold and teach the obligations of liberty, go
now? What will tomorrow bring for those
who were deeply engaged in the fight against
communism? One, you -already know of:
he was a general, with a fine war record, who
believed in the ideals he had fought in two
wars to preserve. He was relieved of com-
mand and publicly humiliated. As for my-
self, I will. probably go to a line unit, where
I can be watched and not be able to spread
my 'blasphemous lies' that communism is
evil. My boss will go back to his old job
as a first sergeant where he too may be
watched.. Two will be returned to their
units where they will serve, respectively, as
a clerk and a radio operator. The rest of the
office will be scattered throughout the di-
vision filling slots where they cannot con-
tinue with the fight against communism on
an organized basis.
"But what of 16,000 men who are still
wondering just exactly what did happen?
And what of 160 million Americans who are
left with the. impression that we were witch-
hunting and that there is no real threat after
all? Who will take the place of the pro-
blue program in teaching the men in uni-
form w'sat they are supposed to be doing?
"Me? As a private soldier in the service
of the United States and one time member of
the 'notorious' Special Warfare Section, as
an American who did not lay aside the role
of citizen when I assumed the role of sol-
dier, I must continue my search for a battle-
field where I can again join the fight against
communism.
"But what of you? One of the 160 million
free Americans who may,, or may not, un-
derstand what has happened?"
On June 12, 1961, the Secretary of the
Army announced that Maj. Gen. Edwin A.
Walker had been admonished for taking
injudicious actions and for making deroga-
tory public statements about prominent
Americans.
Being orally "admonished" rather than
formally court-martialed, General 'Walker
has no recourse or appeal.
THE OVERSEAS %EEKLY
The Overseas Weekly is a small, privately
owned, newspaper established May 14, 1950.
It is published abroad, for American service-
men in Europe, by the InternationalMedia
Co., 380 Lexington Avenue, New York City.
Overseas Weekly was incorporated at Wil-
mington, Del., on February 20, 1952. The
articles of incorporation list Marion von
Rospach as president; Anthony Biacone as
vice president; Harold Melahn as secretary
treasurer; and John Dornberg as news editor.
In 1953, Lt. Gen. Charles L. Bolte, then
commanding general of the Army in Europe,
banned Overseas Weekly as unfit for Ameri-
can servicemen. Later, the Army permitted
the paper on Army newsstands again.
. U.S. Congressmen DALE ALFORD Democrate
of Arkansas, calls Overseas Weekly at "sal-
cious, overseas pink sheet' which habitually
features "half-nude show girls-pictures of
a type most American newspapers would
decline to print."
That is a polite way of calling the thing
what it is: a filthy, pro-Communist rag
which peddles pornography to capture the
attention of soldiers, and which generally
(whether wittingly or not) promotes the
Communist line in all its serious editorial
efforts.
A glance at any issue of Overseas Weekly,
and a glimpse at the personal history of
people connected with it. will reveal why
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 1961 Approved F Wk 2MN111RE PBAP"fqJ00200110007-5
temporary illness; and persons in stranded Long and loud arguments have gone on for ployed are only lightly or temporarily in the
communities or occupations who have been years about the proper classification of cer- labor market as compared with those who
discouraged in their search for work because tain borderline groups, but the general struc- have been full-time, year-round workers for
of the unavailability of jobs. Note that this ture has proved to be useful. many years?
definition does not limit the unemployed to We recognize also that these concepts What is needed in connection with the
those who are disemployed"-that is, who alone do not meet every need for informs- unemployment problem is not to reject the
have been laid off from jobs. tion about how our working force is being statistics we now have but to provide for
The most clearly defined type of unem- utilized or how well the economy is func- more detail and more meaningful break-
ployed is the year-round, full-time worker tioning in providing the right kinds of em- downs, so that the data would be more use-
who lxas held a job in the past and who is ployment opportunities to the right people. ful for public policy decisions.
looking for one at present. This would most But they do provide a measure of the num-
likely be a male worker, perhaps a head of her of people who have at least some form of THE PURPOSE Or STATISTICS
a family, between 20 and 65 years of age; employment, and a measure of the number
but it could include a single woman, a mar- of jobseekers who have not been able to A man either has a jpl or . does not.
Pied woman, or a teenager. locate what is to them a suitable job as of a If not, has u a job to is employed. If he does
Some people think that teenagers should given period of time. not, he is unemployed.
be left out of the unemployed. In the month The unemployment rate. The doubts of ber If you merely want are compare the the
of June 1961, there were 2.5 million young- some people concerning our concepts and number bpeh who who ah working with the
sters under age 20 who came out of school definitions arise from their serious concern d who are not, this presents a a minimum
looking for work. Some were looking for per-' about the effect on public opinion of the un- and adequate definition with a mni mum of
manent jobs; others were interested only in employment rate, which is the ratio of the fuWiedges.
temporary summer jobs. Altogether, about unemployed to the labor force (employed Wth such a definition, you can then use
1.6 million found jobs and the remaining plus unemployed). standard sampling techniques which will
900,000 were still looking for work by the We publish two rates for total unemploy- atio you a pwhole oo the eon with ena r-
situ-
of the month. The sharp June rise in ment: One, the actual for the month; two, onable the whole population within a reas-
middle ea can
the total unemployment figure for the Na- the seasonally adjusted, which eliminates the see fro margin s error. This, as you can
tion as a whole was fully explained by this wide seasonal variations. In July 1981, they see this the article by basic approach of his
group. were almost the same-7.0 and 6.9-but they Bureau this page, is the bthe approach of m-
These
These teenagers, especially those who have can differ quite widely. Y Bureau to measuring the Nation's unem-
worked before, do raise a conceptual We in the Department of Labor have con- But ployment rwi ls also problem. In one European country no per- tinually Insisted that analysis of the unem- Labor you w Statistics does notice make the Bureau
son is considered as unemployed unless he ployment problem should not be confined to modification in one majo-
or she has previously held a job. However, the overall rates. We regularly publish cep- employment. in the simple person Is looking n un-
or believe that our method is the sounder one. arate figures and rates for men, for women, b, he is Unless a person n mploe for
We count as employed those who got jobs. for teenagers, by age groups, by marital a job, not counted statistical unemployed.
Why leave out those who didn't? status, etc. It is also possible to shift some Now in a purely A housewife ense this is
In my judgment these figures supply a groups and to calculate rates on different rather producing incol. wifwho
the co-
useful picture of the labor market. We combinations of employed and unemployed. nomic sense income is happy she is the seer
always tabulate these teenagers separately Unemployment policies. But all these estate-certainly as however hp much oas the with her house-
in every month of the year, so that those classifications and reclassifications, valuable wife in the same he work.
using the unemployment statistics as a guide as they are, do not quite get to the heart of wife in les saBureau ho wants distinc-
can can allow for this group. Also, we seasonally the controversy. A key issue has been raised Nonetheless, the Buramakes the istinc-
adjust the unemployment rates, so that this by people who question whether persons who tion for a very good reason.
summer bulge can be discounted in economic don't really need a job should be counted As Mr. Clague explains, de, "the were deter-
measure-
analysis. among the unemployed. mints which have been devised were deter-to be What should we do with elderly persons In statistical terms, this Is not a practical mined by tg public purpose l and pensions? There are at present al- suggestion. Statistical surveys cannot sup- that is, to gi ve us somthe e useful and relevant
most 12% million men and women drawing the country. county about would be tatic state
social security security benefits. Under the law, such would l ortake a social question
ac-
Investigation of cy. It would housewives-as statistically all curate persons are permitted to earn up to $1,200 the family to determine that. as chi ou to and count old happy people--as unempwell
per year without loss of benefits. Many of Even in concept this is not the way to state but its would patently ridiculous. Such
these are counted- among the 3 million men the issue. Need has no necessary connection ant u wbe patently re public Such
and women over age 65 who are employed, with unemployment, or with employment. a figure would that serve the public purpose
almost
almost 900,000 of them ii part-time jobs. At There are many millions of persons holding intended; for that purpose it would mis-
our figures show that the number in jobs in this country who don't really need inform.
this age group seeking work is about 150,000, them. And surely there must be hundreds of This been raised a directly a the pl econce that
but this amounts to less than 3 percent of thousands of unemployed who could get have been loym n many people They the total unemployed. However, we publish along without a job. But in a free economy the unemployment statistics. They have
the figures for this group every month, so jobs are not allocated on a basis of need. good otdist to do with They ask Me. er the is a
that they can be subtracted from the total Even in referring the unemployed to jobs, ghowever That ask whether etva the the
unemployment figures. the Employment Service puts its primary public, however accurate, are relevant to the
Questions are frequently raised about the emphasis on qualifications and ability. public purpose to our house ethod of counting women, particularly But people who raise the question of need The teenager at our houis unemployed;
married women. Should they be counted as in connection with unemployment are think- no question about it. The economy did not
unemployed if they are only secondary wage ing primarily of the social and economic provide a job that met the specifications,
work? earners or are looking for only part-time policies for dealing with unemployment. An which included acceptable hours, proximity
unemployed worker seeking a job constitutes Mr. home, and relationship If sob to training. found,
But married women make up about one- a labor market fact; but what the Nation employment Clague awould u If a job had been found,
fifth of all the unemployed persons in this should do about It if he doesn't find a job there is job fbr a have jobseeker, by one;
country, and more than half of all employed is an entirely different matter. y increased by o n't
should if
women. Almost three-fifths of our increase While statistical surveys cannot measure unemployment be increased by one?
in employment during the decade of the such factors as individual or family need, Still, the fact is that this unit of unem-
fifties was accounted for by married women. some additional and more detailed classifica- ployment Is not of the same order as the unit
We can no longer think of them as a sec- tions might be helpful as guides to public of unemployment created by an unemployed
ondary or unimportant part of our labor policy. For example, Congress has provided steelworker who must support not only him-
supply. funds to the Bureau of Employment Security self but a wife and family, although mathe-
According to our latest study, the vast to make intensive surveys of the workers matically a unit is a unit.
majority of unemployed married women- drawing temporary extended unemployment The unemployed steelworker, especially
over 80 percent-are looking for full-time compensation. These studies will throw light when his numbers are multiplied, is an eco-
jobs (we do not now collect these figures upon that particular group of long-term nomic fact to trouble all thoughtful people.
every month, but may do so in the future). unemployed.
Thus, of the approximately 900,000 married The Bureau uts to equate ated teenager may any ste father,
women who were unemployed in March 1961, ping some studies next winter sonsthis plan- e char- b bu u equate this unit w any dicu ous
only about 150,000 were looking for part-time acteristics of the unemployed to obtain more It measure with the steelworker is ridiculous.
can actually serve the public purpose ill
jobs. Omission of this group would have information in depth concerning the degree by misleading ding everybody as to the true state
e
little effect on the count of unemployed and of attachment of various classes of workers of our economic condition.
probably no effect on the trend. in the labor force. In
my
diffulty Is encountered in
In summary, we know that with these the limitations in our statistics jstc snIsnournlack areas. a Wee have, for example, more than 12
broad concepts we include many different of knowledge of the patterns of labor mar- million people who are retired and draw so-
kinds of persons with many different degrees ket participation by the unemployed over a cial security. Some of them also work; some
of job attachments or jobseeking aspirations, period of years. How many of the unem- would like to work but haven't found the
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 00Q715 ---August 29
Approved For,ReIpas& QMTIDf1 Q ?r0lA ?669+ QI?0200 tl+^4
kind of job that meets their particular cir-
cumstances. In the same way as the teen-
ager, they are statistical units to be counted.
Now we all think of unemployment as a
bad thing, which in the case of the steel-
worker it is. Yet actually one of our public
purposes is to create a society in which
some people don't work. A depressed or
backward society is one in which teenagers,
housewives, and old people must work to
survive. By counting as unemployed those
who are impelled to work not out of need
but for some other reason-and who can
afford to be selective in taking a job-we not
only distort our view of economic troubles
but we actually obscure one of the very
good things about our society.
Mr. Clague himself realizes this, for he
has lately begun segregating teenager and
retired unemployment. But they are still
included in the total figure, so that when
somebody says our unemployment rate is 7
percent, or whatever, the Irrelevant is
lumped with the relevant, the good with
the bad.
What, then, do we really want to meas-
ure? Certainly not just the number of peo-
ple who don't have jobs, nor even those
hit at the ' Ishameless" cynicism by which the
Soviet, posing as foe of colonialism, used
Tunisia's grievance against France as a ve-
hicle for anti-Western propaganda.
While France has freed many colonies t?6
become sovereign nations since World WAX
II, Stevenson reminded the U.N. Genal
Assembly the Soviet has not freed an inch
of captive territory, but instead has greedily
grabbed for more. Millions of peopl who
were free 16 years ago are Soviet 'slaves
today. ,Poland, Hungary, East Gernyany are
just a few examples.
Attacking the Soviet as the wc~st colo-
nialist power in the world is a line Jo be used
more consistently than only in an,pccasional
U.N. debate. This is the big truth which
Mr. K. can't bear to hear.
When the Soviet talks about ~alonialism,
let us not pussyfoot for fear pf offending
to carry the banner of self-
for the most downtrodden col
CoN,9 ES5IONAL RECORD, a fine, brief bi-
mond News-Leader. Here are excerptsfrom
it :
.He was born in Center Point, Tex., in
1909. He grew up tall and straight, a boy
6 feet 3, wlio' loved horses and soldiering.
He finished at West Point in 1931.
"He was at Schofield Barracks in Hawaii
when the Germans went into Poland.
Brought back to the States, he participated
in the swift transformation of the old horse-
drawn unit:; into sleek mechanized divisions.
But he had. qualities too vital to be squan-
dered in artillery logistics.
"Commando. That was his art. He be-
came commanding officer of an outfit de-
ceptively known as the First Special Service
Force, a crack team of Canadian and Amer-
ican soldiers unafraid of hand-to-hand
combat.
"He had to learn to use a parachute.
`How do you put this thing on'? he asked
a sergeant. And 5 minutes later, he jumped.
"He and his men fought their way up the
talian Peninsula. Anzio; the Aleutians;
ki fighting in Norway--and a string' of
What Price Glory?-Maj. den.
Walker
ecorati0n3 to show for it.
Edwin A. "Briefly, peacetime again. Then came
orea: command of an infantry regiment,
the exhausting, maddening business of fight-
ing an enemy but never quite defeating
without jobs who might like to have one
if the job suits them. The relevent question
is how many people whose livelihood de-
pends upon having jobs are unable to find i
them. This is the statistic that measures a
part of our economic health in a meaning-
ful way.
It begs the question to argue this statistic
can't be found because the bureau can't
judge whether the unemployed person is
needy. The bureau doesn't have to know
whether that unemployed steelworker is
needy in the sense of being without money
to buy groceries.. His earnings are the sup-
port of himself and others and this is what
makes his unemployment a meaningful fact.
But this is precisely the statistic for which
you will have to burrow deep to find amid
the present array of numbers. We are still
presented with an unemployment index as
if it meant what it plainly doesn't, because
the bureau persists in counting as the same
thing things that aren't the same thing at
all.
If this isn't the cause of all the misunder-
standing about the present unemployment
statistics it certainly abets it. And there-
fore, it seems to us, however accurate they
are, Mr. Clague:'s statistics do not yet best
serve the public purpose.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS him."
of Walker was on the ground and in com-
mand at the battle of Heartbreak Ridge in
HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS Korea. Like all good commanders, die; but hassuf-
oF SOUTH CAROLINA heartbreak which he brought away from
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Korea was the spectacle of American youth,
Tuesday, August 29, 1961 reared in the insipid environment of a flab-
by, materialistic liberalism-young Amer-
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr. icans who had not the slightest notion what
Speaker, under leave to extend my re- they were fighting for and who succumbed
marks, I would like to insert in the Ap- to enemy brainwashing, because they knew
pendix of the RECORD an article written nothing about the great ideals on which
by Dan Smoot entitled "What Price their owr. society was founded.
In the early fall of 1959, General Walker
Glory." was orde:'edl to Western Germany as com-
Mr. Speaker, I do not know Dan Smoot, mander of the 24th Infantry Division. Here,
nor do I necessarily concur in his writ- in the language of the Pichmond News-
ings or in the contents of his report. Leader, is what he found and what he did
However, when it comes to a report on there: he foun the same softness, the
Maj. Gen. Edwin A. Walker, of which elessne , that hundreds of other
I know to be factual and parts of which same "There h e professional soldiers have found in young-
I feel :in my heart must be factual, it is sters raised on the milktoast liberalism that
my duty and responsibility to place it in passes for education these clays.
the RECORD so that it will be available to "So, he began to talk tcugh about com-
the American people, that they may conceals and, whatin is, and how the enemy
ible,
come to their own conclusions, falsehood. He spoke to his 'mops of gullgauzy
safe at home in soft chairs,
Speaker, we cannot appeal an ad- delicate men
Mr
,
.
Keep at It monishment as this report states, and polishing their fingernails and coughing
d dmonish- t t lan uage
ron
g
a
t
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON.. CLYDE DOYLE to the American people. Since he has
_
OF VAL-11-11 an _ -.---, _
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES those who represent large segments of barrassing. His object was to give his troops
, August 29,1961 the American people who will take his a new rand vital approach toward antimm-
Tuesday, case to the people in spite of forces who munism--a positive approach toward the
Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Speaker, by rea- would obstruct such effort to bring these defeat of Communist subversion of the
son of unanimous consent heretofore facts to light. The American people have American way of life.
granted me so to do, I call your atten- reached the crossroads in their maturity "All this appeared in a paper known as the
Overseas; Weekly-with sxieers, and'. con-
as a Nation. The signposts stand before Overseas; little quotes out of context,. and a
in the Los Angeles Examiner on last us. We can go down the road to ruin, self -righteous editorial along with it.
Thursday, August 24, 1961: or we can go up the road to survival. "General Walker then was called on the
KEEP AT IT However, let the American people choose carpet by the commanding general of the
As Nikita Khrushchev demonstrated in which road' they prefer. They are old 7th Army. He was asked for a full explana-
tantrums directed against former President enough to accept good news or bad news. The New York Herald Tribune
also tion. Eisenhower and President Kennedy, his weak But--give America the news-to this him imign in a eeditions. Boit r al, ripublished b also in
and tender spot is the Soviet's colonial em- they are entitled. une: 'It is repugnant to both the American
pnd Any mention om the munism t nsm touches the ches te WHAT PRICE GLORY?-MAJ. GEN. EDwxx A. military and civil heritage to use Army
under the chains of co m - authority in an attempt to shape the politi-
quick. (By`Dan Smoot) cal thi-iking of enlisted :men:
U.S. Ambassador to the United Nations Gen. Edwin Anderson Walker, sol-
Hampshi e, has Rlinserted einto Republican, dier,Iwas suspended from his command. He
exposingethessoredspot nntheoRed sk nay He of New Senator
g
ly a s
gen
General Walker receive an
ment. it would have been far better for "He spoke bluntly of these influential
s
the Nation if he had been court-mar- pele, tile an -an
be beastly
le creed is that we must n ver
tialed and could have presented his case g_ +, a t-crl _ the shrill and- mocking men
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 16448
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30
ELIMINATION OF DISCRIMINATION
IN WAGE RATES BASED ON SEX
Mr. McNAMARA. Mr. President, on
behalf of myself and the Senator from
Oregon [Mr. MORSE], I introduce a bill
to eliminate discrimination-based on
sex-in wage rates where men and
women are performing comparable work
for the same employer.
Such discrimination has long been
recognized as detrimental to both the
American economy and the social life of
the country.
It goes without saying that an em-
ployer who engages in such practices
enjoys an unfair advantage over his
competitors who do not discriminate.
It is also obvious that lower wage rates
for women lower both the purchasing
power and living standards of the Amer-
ican worker.
Secretary of Labor Arthur Goldberg
has provided us with an explanatory
statement of the bill and a section-by-
section analysis.
I ask unanimous consent, that follow-
ing my remarks, there be printed in the
RECORD, the bill itself, Secretary Gold-
berg's letter to Vice President JOHNSON,
the explanatory statement, and the sec-
tion-by-section analysis.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
will be received and appropriately re-
ferred; and, without objection, the bill,
letter, explanatory statement, and sec-
tion-by-section analysis will be printed
in the RECORD.
The bill (S. 2494) to prohibit discrimi-
nation on account of sex in the payment
of wages by employers engaged in com-
merce or in the production of goods for
commerce and to provide for the restitu-
tion of wages lost by employees by reason
of any such discrimination, introduced
by Mr. McNAMARA (for himself and Mr.
MORSE), was received, read twice by its
title, referred to the Committee on Labor
and Public Welfare, and ordered to be
printed in the RECORD, as follows:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress, That this Act may be
cited as the "Equal Pay Act of 1961."
DECLARATION OF PURPOSE
SEC. 2. (a) The Congress hereby finds that
the existence in industries engaged in com-
merce or in the production of goods for com-
merce of wage differentials based on sex-
(1) depresses wages and living standards
for employees necessary for their health and
efficiency;
(2) prevents the maximum utilization of
the available labor resources;
(3) tends to cause labor disputes, thereby
brudening, affecting, and obstructing com-
merce;
(4) burdens commerce and the free flow
of goods in commerce; and
(5) constitutes an unfair method of com-
petition.
(b) It is hereby declared to be the policy
of this Act, through exercise by Congress of
its power to regulate commerce among the
several States and with foreign nations, to
correct the conditions above referred to in
such industries.
DEFINITIONS
SEC. 3. When used in this Act-
(a) "Person" means an individual, part-
nership, association, corporation, business
trust, legal representative, or any organized
group of persons.
(b) "Commerce" means trade, commerce,
transportation, transmission, or communica-
tion among the several States or between
any State and any place outside thereof.
(c) "Goods" means goods (including ships
and marine equipment), wares, products,
commodities, merchandise, or articles or
subjects of commerce of any character, or
any part or ingredient thereof, but does not
include goods after their delivery into the
actual physical possession of the ultimate
consumer thereof other than a producer,
manufacturer, or processor thereof.
(d) "Produced" means produced, manu-
factured, mined, handled, or in any other
manner worked on in any State; and for
the purposes of this Act an employer shall
be deemed to have been engaged in the
production of goods if such employee was
employed in producing, manufacturing,
mining, handling, transporting, or in any
other manner working on such goods, or in
any closely related process or occupation di-
rectly essential to the production thereof,
in any State.
(e) "Employ" includes to suffer or permit
to work.
(f) "Employer" includes any person acting
directly or indirectly in the interest of an
employer in relation to an employee but
shall not include the United States or any
State or political subdivision of a State, or
any labor organization (other than when
acting as an employer), or anyone acting
in the capacity of officer or agent of such
labor organization.
(g) "Employee" includes any individual
employed by an employer.
(h) "Wage" paid to any employee in-
cludes the reasonable cost, as determined
by the Secretary, to the employer of furn-
ishing such employee with board, lodging,
or other facilities, if such board, lodging, or
other facilities are customarily furnished
by such employer to his employees: Pro-
vided, That the Secretary is authorized to
determine the fair value of such board,
lodging, or other facilities for defined
classes of employees and in defined
areas, based on average cost to the em-
ployer or to groups of employers similarly
situated, or average value to groups of em-
ployees, or other appropriate measures of
fair value. Such evaluations, where ap-
plicable and pertinent, shall be used in lieu
of actual measure of cost in determining
the wage paid to any employee.
PROHIBITION OF WAGE RATE DIFFERENTIAL
BASED ON SEX
SEC. 4. No employer having employees
engaged in commerce or in the production
of goods for commerce shall discriminate,
in any place of employment in which his
employees are so engaged, between em-
ployees on the basis of sex by paying wages
to any employee at a rate less than the rate
at which he pays wages to any employee
of the opposite sex for work of comparable
character on jobs the performance of which
requires comparable skills, except where
such payment is made pursuant to a
seniority or merit increase system which
does not discriminate on the basis of sex.
ADMINISTRATION AND ENFORCEMENT
SEC. 5. (a) The Secretary of Labor-
(1) shall prescribe such regulations and
rules as he deems necessary and appropriate
for the administration of this Act, including
regulations to provide standards for deter-
mining work of a comparable character on
jobs the performance of which requires com-
parable skills;
(2) may investigate and gather data re-
garding the wages, hours, and other condi-
tions and practices of employment in any in-
dustry subject to this Act, and may enter
and inspect such places and such records
(and make such transcriptions thereof),
question such employees, and investigate
such facts, conditions, practices, and-mat-
ters as he may deem necessary or appro1
priate to determine whether any person has
violated any provision of this Act, or which
may aid in the enforcement of the provi-
sions of this Act;
(3) if a violation is found to exist, the Sec-
retary may, before taking further action
hereunder, by informal methods of confer-
ence, conciliation, and persuasion, endeavor
to eliminate discriminatory wage practices
and to secure restitution of wages which an
employee would have received had the em-
ployee been paid at the rate paid the oppo-
site sex as required by this Act;
(4) may enter and serve upon any em-
ployer found by the Secretary, after notice
and hearing in conformity with sections
5, 6, 7, and 8 of the Administrative, Pro-
cedure Act, to be engaged in or to have en-
gaged in any violation of section 4 of this
Act, an order requiring such employer (A)
to cease and desist from such violation, and
(B) to pay to each employee who has been
adversely affected a sum equal to the amount
of the wages due such employee at the rate
paid to an employee of the opposite sex, plus
an additional equal amount as liquidated
damages; and
(5) may enter and serve upon any em-
ployer found by the Secretary, after notice
and hearing as provided in paragraph (4)
hereof, to have discharged or otherwise dis-
criminated against any employee on account
of any action taken by such employee to in-
voke, enforce, or assist in any manner in the
enforcement of the provisions of section 4
of this Act, an order requiring such employer
to reinstate such employee, or to remove
such discrimination, and to pay to such
employee a sum equal to the amount of the
wages of which such employee has been
deprived by reason of such discharge or
other discrimination plus an additional
equal amount as liquidated damages.
(b) For the purposes of any investigation
conducted under paragraph (2) of section
5(a) of this Act, the provisions of section
307 (relating to the attendance of wit-
nesses and the production of books, papers,
and documents) of the Federal Power Act of
June 10, 1920 (16 U.S.C. 825f), shall be ap-
plicable to the jurisdiction, powers, and
duties of the Secretary of Labor or any offi-
cers designated by him.
(c) The Secretary shall have power to pe-
tition any United States District Court,
within the jurisdiction of which the viola-
tion of this Act occurred or such person re-
sides or transacts business, for the enforce-
ment of any order issued under this section
and for appropriate temporary relief or re-
straining order, and shall file in the court
the record in the proceedings. Upon filing
of such petition, the court shall cause notice
thereof to be served upon such person, and
thereupon shall have jurisdiction of the pro-
ceeding, and shall have power to grant such
temporary relief and restraining order as it
deems just and proper, and to make and
enter a decree enforcing, modifying, and en-
forcing as so modified, or setting aside in
whole or in part the order of the Secretary.
No objection that has not been urged before
the Secretary or hearing officer, shall be con-
sidered by the court, unless the failure or
neglect to urge such objection shall be ex-
cused because of extraordinary circum-
stances. The findings of the Secretary with
respect to questions of fact if supported by
substantial evidence on the record considered
as a whole shall be conclusive. If either
party shall apply to the court for leave to
adduce additional evidence and shall show
to the satisfaction of the court that such
additional evidence is material and that
there were reasonable grounds for the fail-
ure to adduce such evidence in the hearing
before the Secretary or hearing officer, the
court may order such additional evidence
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 16447
s eceeeded by outthinking the enemy, hitting
the foe where the defenses or beaches were
thought unsuitable for.P'.lied attack.
TWENTY MONTHS IN KOREA
He spent 20 months in the Korean con-
flict as regimental commander, deputy chief
of prisoner of war affairs, senior adviser to
the crack Republic of Korea 1st Corps.
One of his toughest assignments was being
commander of the 101st Airborne Division
in 1957 at Little Rock.
In 1959, when Walker took over command
in Germany of the 24th Infantry Division,
he electrified it with moral, patriotic, indi-
vidualistic leadership. I visited this division
in 1959, and covered Exercise Wintershield
last February when the entire NATO ground
force held war games under Gen. Bruce
Clark. who wrote the report on Walker for
President Kennedy.
Walker's speeches to his soldiers often de-
scribed the 24th as "Mari to man, man to
leader, man to God." Chapel attendance in-
creased eightfold since he took over the di-
vision, and this God-and-country officer
distributes hand cards listing 10 basic free-
doms and 10 basic responsibilities, with this
summation: "Freedom plus responsibilities
equals liberty."
Removal from command is a shattering
experience for a general officer, from which
all the pieces can never be reassembled.
General Eisenhower refused thus to humil-
iate George Patton in front of his men, even
after Patton slapped a hospitalized soldier.
When we remember that pink) generals,
during the McCarthy era, were promoted, the
torrent of criticism aimed at General Walker
suggests some frightening conclusions.
I have a file full of documentation on Gen-
eral Walker and I find nothing in that file to
indicate any but the most patriotic motives
and objectives.
I urge a prompt congressional probe of the
incident, in question and I urge Americans to
prod their Congressmen to the end that this
investigation will be full and fair.
And watch where the self-appointed cham-
pions of civil rights show up at this show-
down. Will they stand up for the rights of
a man whose only possible crime is too much
anxiety for the security of his country?
It will be interesting to see who will go to
bat for Ted Walker.
[From the New York Journal American, Aug.
15, 1961]
BEING A PATRIOT IS HIS. ONLY CRIME
(By George E. Sokolsky)
Contrived phrases often give false weights
to ideas. I recently came across the phase,
right-wing fundamentalism in "Commen-
tary." No matter how much one analyzes
the phrase, it means nothing. It is just
three words thrown together.
In the controversy between Senators F'uL-
BRIGHT and THURMOND over the case of Gen-
eral Walker, the argument runs that the
General is guilty of having taught right-
wing patriotism. Was it intended that he
should advocate left-wing doctrines? Or was
he not to give his troops any ideological
treatment?
I have before me a copy of the problue
program which is the matter in controversy.
The objectives of the program are clearly
stated. On the subject of communism, the
program provides:
"(1). To orient military personnel, depend-
ents and friends in the scope of world com-
munism by studying the philosophies, ob-
jectives, and imperialistic expansion of
communism.
"(2) To educate military personnel andl
+r.e;- Avv.nn Ann+c i? +hn naramiiitarv tanh-
the power of the American citizen as a
unique political force, to study the structure
of local, State and National political organi-
zations, to review methods of assessing issues
and candidates, to examine the techniques
of Socialist-Communist action, and recog-
nize how the American citizens can exert his
power in the fight for freedom.
"(4) Morale and mission: To indoctrinate
military personnel in those espects of body,
mind and spirit, which have a material bear-
ing on morale and mission in the 24th. In-
fantry Division: To examine physiological
and psycrological factors which effect [sic]
individual, unit, and division efficiency, i.e.,
morbidity; serious incidents, courts-martial,
and board, action rates; to create a military
environment which will produce tough, ag-
gressive, disciplined and spiritually moti-
vated fighters for.freedom."
For this, e. general of the Army is relieved
of his position? As a matter of fact, this is
precisely what every American should be
taught in the public schools., Actually, when
I went to school, there were courses in civics
which were similar to these.
Then the program deals with NATO:
"(1) Agreement of forces: To give mili-
tary personnel and their dependents a work-
ing knowledge of the purpose and objectives
of NATO, to review reciprocal legal obliga-
tions and areas of responsibility, to identify
NATO as a, disciplined force for freedom. and
to note the accomplishment of NATO mem-
bers in halting Communist aggression."
I cannot give the entire program in this
space allotted to me, but I have not found
a word or ;phrase in this problue program to
which anyone can object but an enemy of
the United States. So what is the fuss about?
Secretary of Defense McNamara has got
himself involved in a situation which he
really does not understand. It is suggested
[From Human Events, June 2, 1961 ]
WHO WILL GO TO BAT FOR GENERAL WALKER?
(By Paul Harvey)
It used to be that Communists were the
daring ones.
A Communist; had to be so dedicated that
he would risk the slings and arrows of out-
rageous fortune to espouse his convictions in
public.
Any Communist who ventured away from
Bughouse Square to proclaim his Red "ism"
in any respectable forum was castigated,
socially ostracized, disemployed or perhaps
stoned.
We have changed.
Time has stood still; we have changed.
The Communist has learned to use our own
Constitution as a bulletproof vest.
Today the Reds and Pinks are out in the
open proclaiming their godless religion and
waving a Red flag or a mongrel one from the
rooftops, and with such effectiveness and in
such high places, that American patriots are
now on the defensive.
Today the, loyal American is being de-
famed, demoted, discharged, destroyed if he
militantly defends the American "ism"
against all its enemies, foreign and domestic.
Maj. Gen. "Ted" Walker is such a man.
West Point 1931, much decorated since, he
.was CO of our 24th Infantry in Germany
when President Kennedy yanked that com-
mand out from under him last April.
Why?
Because General Walker had been criti-
cized by a slier.;emongering, girlie-stripping
scandal sheet called the Overseas Weekly.
(GI's call it the "Oversexed Weekly.")
One glance at this smutty, semiliterate,
left-wing tabloid would rot your socks. Yet
on the word of this publication, once banned
by our Army as unfit for American service-
men, General Walker was embarrassed, sus-
pended, and may be disgraced.
His "sin"? General Walker, an informed
authority on the Communist conspiracy, had
brought to the attention of his troops the
publications most competent to alert them
to the weapons and tactics of our enemy.
Any American. who gets his teeth in Khru-
shchev's trousers gets hurt. That Overseas
Weekly rag launched a tirade of abuse, alleg-
ing General Walker was "brainwashing" the
men of his command, consorting with "su-
perpatriots," and recommending publications
of the John Birch Society.
The sky fell down.
President Kennedy removed General Wal-
ker from command "pending investigation."
and propaganda in influencing legal govern-
ments, seizing power, then ruling through
brutality and fear.
"(3) To instruct military personnel and
their dependents in the recognition of overt
and covert Communist methodology in the
Communist attempt to subvert military
morals, esprit, prestige, and leadership."
If we are at war with communism, as
both President Kennedy and Nikita Khru-
shchev have made clear enough, what is
objectionable in telling our troops; what com-
munism is and how it works?
Now let us have a look at what the pro-
gram has to say about American citizenship:
"(1) Origins of American culture: To ap-
praise military personnel and their depend-
ents of their personal stake in American po-
litical philosophy and American concept of
individual rights and freedoms, the free en-
terprise system. and the necessity for indi-
vidual belief, sacrifice, and honor.
"(2) The American military moral herit-
age: To motivate military personnel and
their dependents in adherence to American
moral values and the precepts of individual
dignity, the preciousness of every human
soul, and the obligation of the conscientious
citizen to his God, to his country, to himself
and to others.
11(3) Politics, United States: To inform
military personnel and their dependents of
that the objection to this program came
from Senator FULBRIGHT, who does grasp the
essence cf communism. He knows what
Marxism Is and he is not a Marxist. If he is
responsible for the Defense Secretary's atti-
tude, the public is entitled to an explana-
tion. A general of the Army is, in effect,
cashiered for being a patriot. Secretary Mc-
Namara is 'too competent a man to be in-
volved in this sort of thing. Only a congres-
sional pu'alic hearing of General Walker and
the problue program will quiet the outrage /
which toe many citizens feel..
114L11\I.JI2V 11V1\ V1' L-1VL111t/j\I'~a
ROUTINE BUSINESS
By unanimous consent, the following
additional routine business was trans-
acted:
ADDITIONAL BILLS INTRODUCED
The following additional bills were
introduced, read the first time, and, by
unanimous consent, the second time,
and referred. as indicated:
By Mr. ELLENDER (for himself and
Mr. STENNIS) (by request) :
S. 2493. A. bill to facilitate the adenints-
trative operations of the Department of Agri-
culture; to the Committee on Agriculture
and Forestry.
By Mr. McNAMARA (for himself and
Mr. MORSE) :
S. 2494. A, bill to prohibit discrimination
on account of sex in the payment of wages
by employers engaged in commerce or in
the production of goods for commerce and
to provir:e for the restitutkon of wages lost
by employees by reason of any such discrim-
ination; to the Committee on Labor and
Public Welfare.
(See the remarks of Mr. MCNAMARA when
he introduced the above bill, which appear
under a separate heading.)
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B.00346R000200110007-5
 16446
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE August 30
[From the Indianapolis (Ind.) News, May
19, 1961]
WALKER SMEAR CONDUCTED DY LURID WEEKLY
(By Fulton Lewis Jr.)
Maj. Gen. Edwin A. Walker is a genuine
war hero, decorated many times for his bat-
tleline experience at Anzio, Cassino and
Heartbreak Hill.
As commander of the 24th Infantry Divi-
sion in Germany, he has proved a superb
administrator. All sources report that the
performance of his troops is excellent, their
morale high, their reenlistment percentage
the highest of any division in Europe.
And yet today Ted Walker stands removed
from his post, thanks to an article in a
sensationalist European publication called
the Overseas Weekly.
The American press has given the story
passing notice, picked up the Overseas Week-
ly charge that Walker indoctrinated his
troops with the teachings of the controver-
sial John Birch Society.
What the press did not report is that the
Overseas Weekly is no ordinary publication,
but a lurid rag that specializes in stories of
sex and crime. Notorious for its treatment
of the news, the publication has won the
nickname the "Oversexed Weekly."
Typical headlines will illustrate the type
of story the Overseas Weekly specializes in:
"Seven GI's Attacked Girl, 15"; "Wife Slay-
ing Not Murder"; "Bamberg Citizens Groan-
ing About New GI Incidents"; "Pvt. Off Hook
on Rape Rap."
Once removed by Army brass from service
newsstands for being almost lewd and porno-
graphic, the Overseas Weekly has changed
little.
The paper's charge that Gen. Walker was
a front for the John Birch Society resulted
in his immediate suspension, however. To
his defense sprang at least one unexpected
individual.
Congressman DALE ALFORD of Little Rock,
Ark., was a bitter critic of the "armed in-
vasion" of his city by U.S. troops enforcing
school integration 4 years ago. Those para-
troopers were under Walker's command. In
a speech on the House floor, however, Alford
attacked Walker's suspension as entirely un-
justified.
To date there has been no outside corro-
boration of the charges found in the Over-
seas Weekly. These charges centered on
General Walker's "Pro-Blue" educational
program, designed to teach the American
soldier the values of U.S. citizenship and the
evils inherent in the Communist threat.
Critics charge that the general called his
program "Pro-Blue" to link it with the so-
called Blue Book of the John Birch Society.
The allegation is patently ridiculous. The
name was selected as a positive alternative
to the negative concept of "anti-Red."
Recognized, responsible books on commu-
nism were recommended reading. Lectures
to troops on American history and problems
were scheduled. Carrying out the program
was an Army major who had never even
heard of the John Birch Society much less
the charges made in the Overseas Weekly.
[From the San Antonio (Tex.) Light, May
16,1961]
WAS THE GENERAL GUILTY OF LOYALTY?
(By George E. Sokolsky)
Having read of Gen. Edwin A. Walker's
troubles, I thought it might be well to have
a look at the Overseas Weekly which was re-
sponsible for the fracas. The newspaper
accused the general, in effect, of brainwash-
ing American troops with American doc-
trines.
I got two copies of this newspaper which
says that it is "a touch of home * * * away
from home." So, it is full of pictures of bos-
omy girls. On page 3, I came upon the Gen-
eral Walker story. The newspaper asserts
that the general is to be investigated because
the Overseas Weekly accused him of exposing
American troops "to the philosophy of the
controversial John Birch Society." The
weekly Itself reports, that General Walker
had referred to it as immoral, unscrupulous,
corrupt, and destructive.
Men may differ as to policies and ideas,
but no law forbids anyone from joining the
John Birch Society or from advocating its
policies. This organization does not propose
to overthrow the American Government by
force and violence. The Issue of the Over-
seas Weekly at which I am looking gives the
impression that membership in this society
is a crime of sorts.
THE EDITORIAL VIEWPOINT
In an editorial, the editor of the Overseas
Weekly says:
"The issue is not whether or not the John
Birch Society is dangerous, controversial or
even ridiculous. That is a decision for the
proper authorities-the Congress, the Attor-
ney General and the public-to make.
"The issue is whether or not the philosophy
of any political group should be disseminated
by a military commander."
The principle set forth by this newspaper
is embodied in this sentence:
"We don't pretend to know how to operate
militarily and we have never thought we had
a right to dictate the thought of others. No
man has a right to do harm to another hu-
man being."
This is utter nonsense. This country is
engaged in war with the Soviet Universal
State. This country is doctrinally opposed
to communism. Every Communist is an
enemy of the United States. It is the func-
tion of every official of the United States
to dig out those who advocate communism
and to drive them out of the Armed Forces.
The assumption therefore that a man has
a right to any opinion is nonsense. A man
may not advocate treason. He may not
advocate the overthrow of our Government
by force and violence or by any other means.
TONE OF THE NEWSPAPER
The theory that the editors of the Over-
seas Weekly may say what they please, but
not the general responsible for the physical,
mental, and moral being of the troops, is
nonsense.
The tone of the paper may best be de-
scribed by two pictures on page 28 of a Ger-
man girl hardly clothed. The caption reads:
"Angelika Gesemann, Miss Hesse of 1960,
is an aspiring 21-year-old actress whose
favorite pastimes are traveling and meeting
wealthy men. Sound coldblooded? Well
* ? ?" Is this news from home?
In another issue on page 1 is a photo-
graph, captioned: "She's lovely, young, and
single." In this issue, General Walker's
crimes seem to be that he is pro-American.
This is a quotation:
"General Walker said that communism
has infiltrated every institution in the
United States in an open attempt to over-
throw our way of life. Problue is designed to
acquaint every man in the command with
the Communist threat and the vital role
each man must play in its defeat ? ? ? the
Communists and fellow travelers ? ? ? are
all around us working for our destruction."
AN INVESTIGATION NEEDED
The Overseas Weekly states its purpose in
this instance:
"But it is the responsibility of this news-
paper to bring to public attention any Gov-
ernment official in uniform who uses his
power and authority, or Government means
of communication to influence or dictate the
beliefs of subordinates.
"It is furthermore our responsibility to
point out officials who propagate beliefs in
direct opposition to those upheld by the
duly elected leaders.
"These points, we believe, are important
in considering the situation at the 24th
Infantry Division."
Who has set this newspaper up as an
agency to monitor the thinking and the
expression of thought of officers in the
American army?. Surely this episode calls
for an investigation by a congressional com-
mittee to discover what really happened in
the Walker Incident. Was the general com-
mitting an offense or was he persecuted for
loyalty?
[From the San Antonio (Tex.) News,
June 14, 19611
WHAT'S TRUTH ABOUT WALKER BESMIRCHERS?
(By Holmes Alexander)
WASHINGTON.-It was on June 6, the 17th
anniversary of D-Day, that the Kennedy
administration made a smart aleck, uncalled-
for, but perhaps indicative, crack about Maj.
Gen. Edwin (Ted) Walker, who was banished
to the New Frontier doghouse for something
often called extreme nationalism.
In a Pentagon press conference on that
proud date, Deputy Defense Secretary Ros-
well L. Gilpatric was asked if General
Walker might be transferred to a post in
Texas.
Gilpatric: "Considering recent events in
Texas, maybe he would be very welcome."
Afterward, the Deputy Secretary con-
firmed the obvious by saying he referred to
the recent Texas Senate election won by a
Republican, JOHN TOWER of Wichita Falls.
Not only is TOWER a Republican, but a self-
styled conservative Republican, hence a
rightwinger, hence guilty by association of
some connection with the John Birch So-
ciety (JBS)-ergo, General Walker, a believer
in the pro-Americanism of JBS, would be
welcome in the torrid of benighted State of
Texas, Walker's birthplace in 1909.
(The Army this week rebuked General
Walker for labeling as pinks or Communists
former President Truman, other leading
Democrats, and segments of the U.S. press
and radio-TV industries. However, the Army
said the 24th Infantry Division's troop in-
formation program put into effect by Walker
"was not attributable to any program of the
John Birch Society." The general's assign-
ment to command the 8th Corps at Austin
was canceled.)
FAIR GAME IN WASHINGTON
A politician who trips over his tongue is
fair game in Washington, but I bet there
was more to Gilpatric's crack than that.
If the American people get a full report on
the Central Intelligence Agency, a lot of un-
expected things, including the truth about
the enemies who besmirched Walker, will
jump out. of the box.
There is this anecdote which will serve
as a signpost to Walker's "extreme nation-
alism." A staff officer was commenting on
a map which showed Communist countries
in red, neutralist countries in white, Amer-
ica and her allies in blue. The officer said
the map showed why the free world should
be anti-Red.
Walker responded: "That's defensive
thinking. We're problue."
During his entire career, Walker has been
the affirmative type. After West Point grad-
uation in 1931, he played polo as long as
the Field Artillery supplied the mounts. At
the outbreak of World War II, he volun-
teered for extrahazardous duty and trained
with a Canadian group for "special" action
in ski, mountain, amphibious and airborne
fighting. As a regimental commander in
this special force, he served in the Aleutians,
and later in Italy, France, Germany, and
N "way. One of his big days was when his
American-Canadian force broke the Nazis'
position at Majo Hump, preceding the fa-
mous battle of Cassino. Here in Italy, later
in the invasion of southern France, Walker
Approved For Release 2003/10/10: CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
It is our future that is at stake. Our
decisions and actions in 1960 will shape the
national destiny, and so, our personal lives,
for years to come-and, perhaps, for genera-
tions of Americans yet unborn.
These are high stakes indeed. And each
one of us is personally involved in the out-
come-win or lose.
The destiny of America is what you and I
make it.
Therefore, without presuming to "edu-
cate"-for you are all educated men, but
with the hope of exciting further and grow-
ing interest in these responsibilities, we have
touched on a number of subjects which
bear on this problem of morale and mission
in the 24th Infantry Division.
During the preceding five hours of
"Citizenship in Service,', we have exposed
to many ideas, and perhaps, to some new
thoughts. In this presentation was con-
tained much abbreviated material, ranging
from American origins to communism and
medicine; from national affairs to the per-
sonal factors or individual health.
You may recall that at the very beginning
of this instruction, a better word might
be 'orientation"-at the beginning, we lis-
tened to a review of comparative world
economics.
This record should not be a matter of self-
satisfaction to Americans. On the contrary,
our good fortune must become an incentive
to protect this rich, full life from the angers
which threaten it, both internal and
external.
Our strongest defense against internal at-
tack, it was pointed out, is our active sup-
port of Constitutional rights and privileges.
(stop)
Action. Traveling spot to wings and fol-
low action as mock-up of U.S. Declaration of
Independence Is marched on stage and placed
on tripod.
SPEAKER. We citizens in uniform, must be
capable of defending and explaining our
democratic principles. And we must seek a
revival of our strength in the foundations
which are the bed-rock of our republic.
Among these principles, and the common
denominator of our code of liberty and law
under God, is the conscientious individual.
You and I must be sensitive to our rights
and obligations, and to our responsibilities,
to make freedom work.
We then considered the ten freedoms guar-
anteed by our Bill of Rights and noted that
for every freedom, there is a corresponding
responsibility.
Action: Traveling spot to wings and follow
action on charts "freedoms"-"responsibili-
ties"-as curtain opens all the way.
SPEAKER. Of course, any people in the
world can legislate these freedoms. But, it
is impossible to legislate the responsibilities.
This we must demand of ourselves.
During this same period we learned more
about the external threat to our peace and
security-the imperialistic Rims of Commu-
nist Russia-and we saw how 20 million card-
carrying Red fanatics have enslaved over 800
million people.
Action: Traveling spot on wings and fol-
low action as chart "Soviet expansion since
1939" is marched on stage and placed in tri-
pod.
SPEAKER. This is the obvious reason, why
we must cultivate friendship and coopera-
tion among our fellow NATO allies, and the
civilian populations of these NATO coun-
tries.
We then examined, some of the techniques
and tactics of the Oommunists-not to direct
hate against the Russian people, certainly,
for they are paying the terrible price of Com-
munism as slaves of the Red dictators-but
rather to expose the Communist conspiracy
for what it is; a plan to take over the entire
world.
Action: Traveling spot to wings and fol-
low action as character in Soviet officer uni-
form walks to center stage, faces audience,
fires blank pistol, spits out: "We will bury
you!", walks off.
SPEAKER. It should be perfectly clear that
we are in a war. It is a total war. It is a
war for the minds and the souls of men. It
is a psychological war that sometimes breaks
out into a shooting war-but it, is still war.
In understanding this psychological war
we must keep in mind the brainwashing
techniques used by the Communists on
American prisoners in Korea-and how you
and I can fight this kind of attack, in peace
and war, by believing in our God, in our
country, and in ourselves.
Later in this 5-hour study, we tried to
gain a better perspective of America, and
what it means to be an American, by recall-
ing the causes for liberty in America, by
hearing again the words of the men who
breathed life into the infant nation.
Action: Traveling spot on wings and fol-
low action as character in period costume
walk to center stage, faces audience, enun-
ciates: "During the American Revolution
it was learned that the talent for great re-
sponsibility did not differ from that which
was necessary for the proper discharge of
ordinary business in civil society." Retires.
SPEAKER. Yes. We know that the Ameri-
can cause of Freedom is internal, that it is
based on Belief, Sacrifice, and Honor. We
cannot bargain for Freedom, or receive it as
a gift, or attain it by indelent security. Free-
dom can only be won. Sometimes with
anguish, often with blood, always with sacri-
fice.
And Freedom is never won eternally. The
warfare is continuous and each generation
must fight for it as though the battle had
just been joined.
Freedom costs something.
The spirit of Washington assures us that
you and I cannot escape such sacrifice.
Action: Traveling spot on wings. Follow
action as figure in period dress walks to
center stage, faces audience, and says: "Be
united. Be American." Walks off.
SPEAKER. But-the grave issues facing our
nation and the very serious civic responsi-
bilities you and I share, are not the only
problems facing us today. Many of our dif-
ficulties, and much of the anguish and
frustrations which divide our efforts, con-
plicate our lives, and dilute the strength of
Americans are much closer to our daily
activities.
We know now, or we should know, that
right here at home in the Twenty-fourth
Infantry Division, which is, of course, our
military home, that there are deep seeded
signs of moral laxity and character erosion.
We have learned that, during 1969, this
division recorded three thousand seven hun-
dred fifty-nine cases of maladjustment.
And, maladjustment you know, is the end re-
sult of moral laxity.
In other words, over one fourth of the
men in this command were involved in
serious incidents, were absent without leave,
were separated from the service as "unde-
sirable", became psychoneurotic, or were
court-martialed for crimes and violation of
Army regulations while in the service of
their country.
Action: Traveling spot on wings and fol-
low action as 12' figure "injured soldier
tagged with incidents" is marched on stage
by white jacketed medical technicians, and
placed in tripod.
SPEAKER. In addition, this division had
over fifty-five thousand men on sick call-
that's four times the strength of the entire
command-during the same twelve month
period.
All of these examples are vital indicators
of individual morale, unit morale, and com-
bat efficiency. And every commander ex-
16445
amines these rates in his own unit; with
serious concern. For the success of his mis-
sion, and the lives of the men under his
care, depend on the morals, and the effi-
ciency, of every member in his unit.
They literally do.
So, we've got to do something about our
morals in the service-and in the Twenty-
fourth Infantry Division.
One approach to this problem of morals,
as was shown in a preceding lecture, is a
better knowledge of the processes of intelli-
gence, the needs and goals of the individ-
ual-his :motivation, and t:he factors of stress
to whic'.a we are all exposed in the Army.
Most of all we must recognize that each of
us has a God-given intelligence, that we
possess the most highly developed intellect
of all creatures on earth, and that because
of this boon, we can control our instincts,
and guide our drives into socially acceptable,
constructive channels.
We are, in fact, masters of our fate in
service.
Our actions and our attitudes are impor-
tant to our career, in and out of the Army,
and vital to the survival of American
democracy.
Morality is a weapon!
And finally, we must be concerned with
our personal health. Arid why? Why is
the health of soldiers a point of concern to
us?
Because, again in 1959, it was found that
we had nearly thirty-five thousand medical
cases, and over eight thousand surgical
cases, listed for this command.
This is astonishing!
It also raises some doubt about our ability
to execute our NATO mission should the
balloon go up.
Now, a :reduction in these alarming mor-
bidity figures requires some knowledge of
the human body, and how it functions.
Therefore, during the final period of in-
struction, we were exposed to a short course
in anatomy.
Action: Traveling spot on wings and fol-
low action as 10 foot anatomical manikin
(organs) is rolled on stage by white jack-
eted medical technician.
SPEAKr:R. And, during this course, we
learned something about the causes of dis-
eases and infections in man and how you
and I can avoid these diseases.
We also learned something about the ef-
fects of venereal diseases, and drugs, and
alcohol, on the human system, and how and
why these ravaging social problems can and
must be controlled.
In short, we learned how we can live a
happier and longer life by avoiding the ma-
jor medical and surgical hazards incident
to military service.
Action.: Music, "Army Goes Rolling Along,"
up softly to background. Curtain closes.
Follow spot off.
SPEAI?:Ea,: Now, these are the things that
we are concerned about. And they are all
interrelated, for we cannot have a strong,
moral nation unless we have strong, moral
citizens.
This is perfectly obvious.
The American soldier therefore, has a
dynamic, a vital, and a significant role in
the defense of American liberty-as a war-
rior-and as a voting, responsible citizen.
We must not fail in our fundamental duty
of citizenship in service.
You must correct moral laxity In yours-
selves.
You must nurture a belief in America.
And you must understand your political
importance and act intelligently to :further
the cause of liberty.
For you are the seed of tomorrow.
Action: Music "Army Goes Rolling Along"
up to bridge. Instructor spot off. House
lights on. Speaker retires.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 16444
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30
fects on the digestive system. Mental de-
terioration, emaciation, and general rapid
decline of the processes results. The vic-
tim of drug addiction soon loses interest
in all activity ouside his drug-induced
dream world. His body becomes incapable
of normal functioning, including the male
sex drive; assimilation of food; and ability
to sleep. All on.
INSTRUCTOR. Once addiction is established
the victim is no longer his own master. If
the supply of drugs is interrupted, the ad-
dict becomes virtually insane and will sink
to crime to satisfy his craving.
Every dope addict is a potential criminal10
Disease, alcohol, and drugs account for
much misery in the service. However, these
are not the only hazards which affects mem-
bers of the 24th Infantry Division. Another
serious cause of broken bodies is accidents
(pause).
Action: As instructor says, "Another seri-
ous cause", onstage assistant exposes sub-
title: "Effect of accidents," and chart No.
9, Division surgical cases 1959; total surgical
cases 1959, 8,033; surgical cases due to in-
juries, 4,548; motor vehicle accidents, 1,285;
injuries due to automobile accidents, 561;
deaths due to automobile accidents, 14; total
deaths, all causes, l719 0. Travel spot on.
Instructor. Here are some interesting fig-
ures secured from the Office of the Division
Surgeon. During 1959 a total of 8,003 sur-
gical cases were recorded in the 24th Infan-
try Division. Of this total, 4,548 inen of the
division were injured in accidents. While
of course, most of these injuries were not
serious, all too many of them were major
injuries, and the vast majority of them could
have been prevented by following simple
rules of safety.
If this rate continues into 1960 your
chances of becoming a surgical case are
about one in two; and of being hurt in an
accident about one in three.
These are not very good odds.
The profession of soldiering has many oc-
cupational hazards. These dangers are com-
pounded by carelessness, horseplay, and crim-
inal negligence.
An example of this is the number of motor
vehicle accidents reported by the Division
Provost Marshal last year: 1,285 vehicular
accidents resulting in 561 injuries, and 14
deathsl0
Action: As instructors says, "-and 14
deaths", off-stage manager plays sound-
track automobile crash. Dummy fitted with
rubber moulage wounds, dripping blood,
swathed in bandages, is trundled on stage on
wheeled surgical litter by medical corpsman
dressed in whites. "Digger O'Dell" charac-
ter, clasping tombstone, head bowed, fol-
lows. Follow spot on action.
INSTRUCTOR: It is significant to note that
during investigation of these 1,410 vehicle ac-
cidents, private and military, it was revealed
that in 119 cases, liquor was a contributing
factor (pause).
Horseplay and criminal negligence added
to this alarming picture of agony, disfigure-
ment, and death. (stop)
Action: As instructor says, "-disfigure-
ment and death", off-stage manager fires
'shot', screams. Soldier 'victim' staggers on-
stage, wearing face wound moulage dripping
blood. Faces audience, exposes wounld,
staggers off. Second soldier, pistol hanging
at side, follows, faces audience, intones, "I
didn't know it was loaded", walks off. Fol-
low spot on action. Then off.
13 Textbook of Healthful Living, Howard S.
Diehl, p. 209, 213.
14 Morbidity Report, 1959, Surgeon, 24th
Inf. Div.
16 Accident Report, 1959, Provost Marshal,
24th Inf. Div.
10 Accident Report, 1959, Provost Marshal,
24th Inf. Div.
Curtain closes.
INSTRUCTOR. During the last hour we have
attempted to show you how you can live
longer and live a happier life in service by
avoiding the major medical and surgical
hazards incident to the military profession.
We have seen the tremendous strides made
in military medicine.
We have examined the human body and
so gained a better understanding of its care.
We have noted the diseases most common
in the 24th Infantry Division, and have dis-
cussed means by which we can protect our-
selves from these diseases. We have noted
the effects on the body of drugs and alcohol
so that the dangers associated with these
agents should be clear to all.
And we know the terrible price accidents
have exacted from our people.
Application of this knowledge toward
achieving a happier and a better life is now
up to each of us individually, to you and me.
Action: Instructor exits. House lights on.
Script: Concluding address, 25 minutes.
Stage setting: Curtain closed. Podium
and light, right stage. National and unit
colors, standards center stage. Three empty
tripods on stage. Two 15-inch charts, "Free-
dom," "Responsibilities," stand at each end
of stage.
Action: Curtain opens two-thirds. Trav-
eling spot on colors. Instructor enters. In-
structor spot on.
SPEAKER. Did you know that nearly 28
million living Americans have served in the
United States Military Forces since World
War II? (Pause.)
And, do you know that each year an addi-
tional 300,000 veterans return to civilian life
after service in uniform? (Pause.)
Now, when we consider the large number
of Americans currently in our Army, Navy,
and Air Force, we can see that nearly 17
percent of the total U.S. population are,
or have been, members of the military service.
Think of it. Seventeen percent of all
Americans. And this figure actually repre-
sents about 30 percent of American voters,
have had their attitudes and ideas influ-
enced and, perhaps, even molded, by their
military experience.
The critical point here, of course, is that
these associations, this discipline in the
ideas of honor, duty, country, or the rejec-
tion of these concepts, will continue to affect
our attitudes for the rest of our lives.
Let's put the record straight right at the
beginning.
You and I, as part of this military-
oriented group, have an important voice in
the social and political structure of the
United States of America.
Whether that voice contributes to a con-
structive, growing American culture, or
whether we become a negative or destructive
influence in American affairs, will depend on
our maturity and good judgment. If we do
elect to become positive members of this
Republic-and this fact applies in service,
too, we can be a part of America's promis-
ing future and ultimately exert a great
effect' on the course of world history.
This is a pretty big responsibility, you may
say. Well, of course it is, and that's why
we're talking about these things today.
But why this sudden Interest in the citi-
zenship status of the American GI? Well-
this is a fair question. And to answer it
we must recall recent American history.
We all know that not too long ago the
demand for intelligent and informed soldier-
citizen was considered, if it was considered
at all, with little urgency. And these re-
sponsibilities were often given secondary
importance by the veteran.
We know, for example, that during the
period prior to World War II the numerical
strength, and therefore, the political im-
portance of the soldier and the former
soldier, was relatively minor In comparison
to total national population-and in relation
to so-called political blocks, such as farmer,
labor, and government worker blocks.
This Is not true today.
Two wars, World War II and Korea, and
the large peace-time military forces which
followed, has produced an important soldier-
citizen body within the American electorate.
Today the soldier, and the veteran, hold
greater political prestige than at any time
in American history-except for the years
immediately after the Civil War.
Our modern soldier-citizens are vital, vig-
orous, and vocal. And we claim Increasing
interest in local, regional, and national af-
fairs.
This, then, is why there is a sudden in-
terest in the American GI. And, this is why
you and I must continue to develop civic
maturity, moral responsibility, and political
competency while in service-so that these
values may serve our Nation, and ourselves,
during the critical years ahead. And, if
you don't think that we are in for a hard
fight during the next few years, just re-
member the Communist boast, "We will
bury you," said Mr. K.
So, if we are to analyze and act on today's
pressing issues-if we are going to avoid the
"grave" being prepared for us by the dicta-
tors of this world, then we've got to know
our goal, and point our efforts toward this
goal.
We must know the origins of our moral
and political heritage, and identify our-
selves with these principles. We must rec-
ognize the enemy forces, internal and ex-
ternal, which would destroy this legacy, and
understand how we can apply our total
strength to defend and preserve these rights
so dearly won.
And we've got to do it now.
It's perfectly obvious that training sol-
diers for responsible citizenship is no less
important than training citizens in the art
of combat. Each of these qualities is vital
for the survival of our republic. And, be-
cause training is a primary function of the
Army-in peace and war-our leaders are
alert to the train requirement in civic train-
ing, in fact, is a part of all Army training.
Military training, itself, is an important
civic duty.
Information talks, character guidance lec-
tures, commander's hours-and special pro-
grams like this "Citizenship in Service Pro-
gram"-all are designed to broaden the civic
interest and moral precepts of the man in
uniform. And, to inform him of his rights
and obligations in our free society. This
type of instruction is intended to provide a
continuing background of Information so
that we may better discharge our military
duties by understanding our mission, our
country, and ourselves.
These are very realistic and purposeful
aims. They are based on the sound prin-
ciple that the American soldier fights well
when convinced that his cause is right.
And poorly when his motivation Is weak or
ill defined.
We know that unit, clan and Individual
morale are very important to success in
battle-any kind of battle. And, we also
know that morale is built on belief and con-
viction.
In other words, we must know why we
fight. Why? Because, given the situation
in the world today we are not entitled to
concentrate our energies on our private af-
fairs confident that our national interests
are secure. Tranquil devotion to individual
liberty, to our own narrow self-interests,
will not assure our victory over the chal-
lenge of Russian aggression. We cannot
afford to devote our energies to transient
values, or "go fishing", expecting someone
else to keep store for us in our absence.
This attitude, this goal of private interest,
is an unworthy one for a people who have a
major role in human affairs.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
we can see that the danger of infection can,
be reduced by controlling ventilation, by
personal hygiene, and by proper care in food
handling.
Action: As Instructor says, "all respiratory
infections", on-stage assistant exposes chart
No. 6: "Control of Respiratory Diseases." (a)
Controlled ventilation. (b) Personal hy-
giene. (c) Care in food handling. Travel
spot on.
INSTRUCTOR. Eye, ear, nose and throat in-
fections like upper respiratory Infections,
can also, in large measure be prevented by
cleanliness and good personal hygiene.
Mild infections of the eye, called con-
junctivitis, and which may accompany
colds, usually clear up with simple treat-
ment. The more severe infections require
prompt medical attention. All infections of
the eye can be spread by means of hands,
towels, and other physical means .8
Digestive tract infections, in many in-
stances can be traced to the social environ-
ment. The possibility of contaminated
water and food is always present in European
communities. Meat and meat products may
contain the germs which will cause disease.
Flies, dogs, cats, mice, rats and human car-
ries may serve as sources of such contamin-
ation (pause).
Action: As instructor says, "Digestive tract
infection," on-stage assistant exposes chart
#7: CONTROL OF DIGESTIVE TRACT IN-
FECTIONS: a. Avoid indigenous food, b. ob-
serve personal hygiene. Travel spot on.
INsTRucTos. As a rule food infections oc-
cur only when enormous quantities of the
germs are consumed. Thorough cooking and
boiling destroys these germs. Consequently,
the foods most likely to cause trouble are
those in which the germs have had a chance
to multiply and which have not been thor-
oughly cooked just before serving. Hashes,
meat salads, custards and dairy products
which have been handled or prepared some
hours before use are the foods most fre-
quently involved. The more serious infec-
tions contracted through food and drink
include typhoid fever, dysentery, streptococ-
etc infections and various parasitic diseases
such as tapeworm.
The European practices of using night soil,
or untreated human feces as a fertilizer, mul-
tiplies the possibility of intestinal tract in-
fections when eating indigenous or locally
produced products. This Is particularly true
of uncooked vegetables, as In salads.
There are no uniform milk pasteurization
laws in Germany or in most other European
countries. Likewise there are no standard
water purification regulations in Germany,
or again in most other European countries.
You may ask, if all this is true why aren't
all Germans and. other Europeans sick much
of the time. The answer is that our bodies
become adapted to those things we are used
to and Europeans, brought up from child-
hood with these foods are relatively immune
to the diseases they may carry. We, however,
coming from a country where strict pure food
laws are used, we are not used to the germs
in these foods and are very liable to become
ill.
All milk, water and uncooked, or only
partly cooked, vegetables and meats on the
economy should be avoided insofar as pos-
sible. This of course includes dishes made
with milk or cream Including ice cream, pas-
try fillings, whipped cream, etc. (Pause.)
The most important points in maintaining
the health of the skin are those same factors
which are important for maintaining the
health of the rest of the body. Adequate
rest, exercise, proper diet, and cleanliness.
And now a word about venereal diseases.
The tragedy of the venereal disease vic-
tim Is that venereal disease is preventable.
8 Textbook of Healthful Living, Howard
S. Diehl, p. 309.
Yet, many soldiers contract the diseases as-
sociated with sex. Modern medicine provides
the means to eradicate these diseases from
human society. Military medicine also pro-
vides the means to cure venereal disease if
the illness is noted promptly, and treat-
ment initiated early (stop).
Action: As instructor says, "--treatment
initiated early," soldier patient, In hospital
gown, holding gown up to reveal bare rear,
runs from left wings across stage, yelling,
"NOI NO!" followed by a medic in white
laboratory gown, holding 3 foot hypodermic
syringe, saying, "Now, this won't hurt a hit!"
Follow spot on action.
INSTRUCTOR. As we can see, treatment for
venereal disease may not always be pleasant,
but, it is a cure.
Prevention of venereal disease is a more
desirable course than cure. And prevention
of venereal disease may be enhanced by a
knowledge of its causes.
Syphilis and gonorrhea are the two prin-
cipal diseases included under the term vene-
real disease.
Syphilis is caused by a living organism
called the treponima pallidum, or the spiro-
chete of syphilis. Infection is usually
acquired through sexual intercourse or, con-
genitally, from one's parents. At certain
stages it is transmissible through kissing or
by contact with objects recently contami-
nated with discharges from an infected
person.
The first stage of syphilis, called a "chan-
cre," is a local sore, relatively painless, at
the point of infection. This sore usually
appears 12 to 40 days after exposure. The
disappearance of the chancre, which occurs
in a short time with or without treatment
is frequently mistaken by the patient for
the end of the disease. Unless . adequate
treatment has been given, however, the dis-
appearance of this sore signifies only that
the disease has now progressed to its second,
and more serious stage.
Though there is no vaccine which will
confer 'immunity to syphilis this is one of
the diseases over which we could have com-
plete control. We know its cause and how
it is transmitted. We have a simple test
to aid in Its diagnosis. We have an effective
cure. And, we have the means to prevent
its spread. Yet this disease will continue to
be a major cause of illness and disability
until you and I make intelligent application
of the control measures which science has
made available to us.
Gonorrhea is another venereal disease
caused by a specific germ. Like syphilis,
gonorrhea is usually contracted through
sexual Intercourse with a person who has
the disease, although it, too, may be trans-
mitted by towels or toilet articles used by
the infected person.
The gonorrhea germ, called the gonococ-
cus, sets up an Infection of the mucous
membrane of the genital tract. This causes
a yellowish discharge from the genital or-
gans of both the male and the female.
After several weeks-the discharge tends to
stop even without treatment but, as with
syphilis, this does not mean that the dis-
ease is cured, but rather that the disease
has burrowed deeper into the body and
bacteria. continue to live in the deeper parts
of the reproductive tract. In the male an
abscess may develop later in the prostate
gland and the germs may be discharged
during sexual intercourse, even though no
symptoms have been present for weeks, or
months or even years. This disease never
"cures itself." It must be properly and
adequately treated. Gonorrhea responds
well to treatment with certain antibiotics.
But such treatment must be administered
under competent medical supervision.
Self-treatment or the ministrations of the
quack and faker who promises quick and
cheap cures lead almost invariably to seri-
ous complications .9
Venereal Infections can :lead to sterility,
Insanity, and deformity in the offspring of
the infected, parents.
There is no question but that sex will be
with us for a long time. However, there is
no need to expose your body to the scars
of venereal disease. You and I can live-
a little more intelligently and protect our-
selves, our families, and any children we
expect to have in the future, from the
ravages and the curse of venereal infection.
Now, let's speak about other agents that
affect the body. Many of us abuse our
bodies by knowingly subjecting it to harm-
ful substances. Two of these harmful sub-
stances are alcohol and drugs. (stop)
Action: As instructor says, "alcohol and
drugs," on-stage assistant exposes subtitle
"Effect of Alcohol and Drugs." Soldier "MP"
enters stage from left wings drags `happy
warrior,' waving bottle and singing "Aid
Lang Syne" in cracked voice, across stage
and into opposite wings. Follow spot on ac=
tion.
INSTRUCTOR. Alcohol is a poison to living
tissue. In concentrated solutions it will de-
story plant, bacterial, and animal life. Even
small amounts of alcohol produce definite
and measurable effects upon the body. The
chief of these is the depression upon the
nervous system. Larger quantities of alco-
hol paralyzes one nerve center after another
and eventually lead to unconsciousness and
even death..
The latter stages are identical with those
seen in ether anesthesia; this can well be
understood if one realizes that ether is a
very volatile and active derivative of alcohol.
Nervous control and motor coordination are
definitely reduced by alcohol. Grim evi-
dence of this is the large number of auto-
mobile accidents which occur to drivers who
have been drinking.la
In fact, of some eleven hundred privately
owned vehicle accidents occurring in the
Division last year ten per cent or one hun-
dred fourteen Involved alcoho1?1
Action: Med Tech enters, on-stage as-
sistant exposes actuary chart No. 8: "Death
Rates versus Alcohol." Moderate drinkers,
18 per cent higher; intemperate drinkers, 150
per cent iLigher; steady drinkers, 86 per cent
higher. Travel spot on chart, then Med Tech
(both).
MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. Alcohol also has a
material bearing on the length of life. The
combined experience of forty-three American
life insurance companies over a period of
twenty-five years shows that the death rate
among "very moderate" drinkers is eighteen
per cent higher, than the rate among insured
lives generally. Fifty per cent higher
among those who had a history of past
intemperance, And eighty-six per cent
higher among steady but so-called "mod-
erate drinkers".
There is frequently a relationship between
alcoholism and drug addiction. The first
step is the use of barbiturates to alleviate
the "hangover" from alcohol. The next step
is an increase in dosage and dependence up-
on the barbiturates. Add lotion may stop
here or It may be transferred to stronger
narcotics, such as veronal, opium, or mor-
phine.
Literally narcotics are drugs which prcduce
sleep. All of them are habit forming. All
of them attack the nervous system of the
body producing hallucinations with side ef-
U Textbook of. Healthful Living, Howard S.
Diehl, pp. 9:16-419.
11 Textbook of Healthful Living, Howard S.
Diehl, pp. 199-200.
"Accident Reports, Provost Marshal, 24th
Inf Div, 1959.
13 Textbook of Healthful Living, Howard S.
Diehl.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
16442 . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30
is epithelial or covering tissue and serves to Bones also contribute to the body in other exposes chart No. 4, "Aids to Control or Cure
protect the underlying structure of the body. ways. For example, red cells, which carry Disease: Vaccines Toxolds Chemicals Anti-
Action: As medical technician says, "un- oxygen in the blood, are manufactured in Biotics." Follow spot on.
derlying structure of the body", on-stage the bone marrow. MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. Also, the toxin, or
assistant walks to manikin, removes top ply- This skeletal system is very rugged but poison or a disease may be rendered non-
wood sheet exposing second plywood body bones will break and splinter (pause) if care- toxic by chemical treatment. Immunizing
outline with major body organs shown. lessness or accident places too great a weight agents prepared in this way are called tox-
Technician points as presentation continues. or pressure on the system (stop). olds.
MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. Next in the line of Action: As medical technician says, "Break Another treatment of disease Is by the
the body building processes we find organs. and splinter," offstage manager breaks bass- administration of a chemical compound, such
Organs are composed of tissues working to- wood splint into microphone, screams. On- as sulfa drug. This kind of treatment is
gether for a specific purpose. For example, stage assistant moves manikin offstage. called chemotherapy.
the stomach is an organ comprising muscle Medical technician retires. Onstage assist A new medical weapon are the antibiotics.
tissue, epithelial tissue, and nervous tissue. ant returns to charts. Instructor returns to, These substances are obtained from other liv-
These tissues all work together to aid in the podium. Follow spot off, instructor spot, and ing organisms especially fungi, molds and
digestion of food. Next are body systems. podium light on. bacteria 6 (stop).
Body systems are a number of organs bound INSTRUCTOR. This, then, is the splendid, Action: Spot off. Med tech 'exists. In-
together to carry out a process necessary to rugged sensitive mechanism which you and I structor spot on.
the body. For example, the digestive sys- inhabit and which must be protected against INSTRUCTOR. The natural protective meas-
tem, which includes the stomach, the small damage, by disease or injury, if we are to en- ures of the body, assisted by the adminis-
and large intestine, the liver, the gall blad- joy our life to the fullest and discharge our tration of vaccines, toxoids, chemicals, and
der, and the pancreas, among others, all duties in service. It would seem to be little antibiotics, have given us excellent defense
work together so that nutrient material can short of insanity to permit this body to take against most of the killer-diseases. Why,
be broken down, modified, and distributed in chemical poisons and disease agents, or then did we have 35,000 medical cases in the
throughout the body. to invite damage through careless acts. Yet, Division last year?
Other systems of the body carry out you and I permit these things to happen to The "why" of these 35,000 medical cases
equally vital roles. The circulatory system, our bodies daily. Fortunately, there are a may be revealed by noting three contribut-
comprising the heart, veins, and arteries, number of defensive measures which the ing factors (pause).
carries blood to all parts of the body and body can take against these dangers. Action: As instructor says, "Why these
delivers food and oxygen to the individual These defense mechanisms in our bodies 35,000 medical cases", on-stage assistant ex-
cells. Without food and oxygen the cells work silently and we are normally not aware poses chart No. 6: "Some causes of Disease in
would die. of their actions. But in order that these Soldiers." (a) No immunity to all diseases.
The heart is perhaps the major organ of nature safeguards shall serve their purposes (b) Social environment. (c) Ignorance of
the circulatory system. The heart is a pump most effectively all body processes must be health safeguards. Follow spot on.
which begins its action the moment you are maintained at prime efficiency. When the INSTRUCTOR. First, medical science does not
born and does not cease until death. No general health is undermined a way is opened confer immunity to every type of disease
machine built by man will run so long with- for invasion by disease .4 (pause).
out a breakdown. In the circulatory system, Since the body does work actively against Second, the military organization does not
in addition to the heart, are three different disease, why is it that our morbidity records control the social environment to which the
types of blood vessels to carry the blood. reflect such a high incidence of sickness in soldier is exposed, what he does, where he
Upon absorbing oxygen in Its travels through men of the 24th Infantry Division? goes and who he associates with on his off-
the lungs, the blood is next pumped by the Before we explore the "why" let's identify duty time (pause).
heart into the arteries which distribute the the "what." What causes disease in man And, third, the soldier does not observe
blood to all organs, extremities, and tissues (pause). all the safeguards to health which are avail-
of the body. Next, very small division of Action: As instructor says, "What causes able to him (pause).
the circulatory system, called capillaries, disease in man." on-stage assistant exposes Now, social environment and health safe-
bring the life fluid to the individual cells and chart No. 3: "Disease-Causing Agents: Bac- guards are two matters that the individual
tissues. As the blood follows this course teria Fungi Protozoa Viruses." Follow spot can control. Attention to these two points
through the body it also absorbs the liquid on. will reduce the importance of the first rea-
wastes from the cells. When the blood INSTRUCTOR. Man is constantly liable to at- son. Therefore, by living more intelligently
passes through the kidneys, this waste is tack by many lower forms of life such as you and I can avoid becoming a medical
bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. The statistic this year.
the body filtered yra as from the urineblood and eliminated from body itself, as we have pointed out, is capable A primary y
When of putting up a defense against most of the requirement in the defense
When the blood upstes through the small against disease 1s, of course, a healthy body.
intestines, it picks the digested food ma- disease-causing agents. Proper diet, sufficient rest, adequate ever-
terial, which the intestines has absorbed, and These defenses of the body against various case and moderation in all things, will help
distributes this food throughout the body. disease-producing organisms depend upon the body achieve a normal balance of the
the activity of the living cells which act in
Another system which are concerned body processes.
is the nervous system. The e nervous system various ways to protect the body against Now let's check 5 of these 6 types of medi-
enables us to be aware of our environment disease. Some body cells protect the body by
eating or ingesting bacteria (stop). cal cases which caused the highest number
and to react to it. This section is accom- Action: As Instructor says, "-ingesting of illnesses namely; URI, BENT, Digestive
pushed through the five senses, commanded bacteria," a cartoon drawing of a fleeing bac- tract, infections, skin infections, and V.D.,
by the brain and the spinal cord. The brain teria and pursuing cell on a 5 by 5 placard, and see what we can do to avoid these
interprets what is going on around us and is walked across stage. Medical technician diseases.
decides how we will react to a given situa- enters. Instructors spot off. Instructor Acute upper respiratory infections are now
tion. Two types of nerves, the sensory nerves stand by, follow spot on action, then switch partly controlled by vaccines. "Flu shots",
and the motor nerves, act in this system. to technician. which are required annually for all mili-
the sensory nerves carry impulses to the MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. Other cells of the tary personnel, provide good protection.
brain and spinal cord; the motor nerves body produce and liberate chemical sub- There is, however, as yet no good immuni-
carry impulses from the brain to activate the stances which neutralize or destroy disease zation against the common cold. Colds
muscles of the body. agents. These substances are called anti- themselves are never fatal. Their great
Action: On-stage assistant removes second bodies and are made to order by the body danger lies in the complications which may
manikin layer exposing body outlines and cells. Each antibody protects against only arise from them, such as pneumonia, ear,
skeletal system. one disease. Thus the antibody which pro- and sinus infections.
.MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. This is the frame- vides immunity against smallpox has no ef- Colds are caused by a filterable virus and
work of the body-the skeletal system. Two fect on any other disease agent. Medical may be minimized by the practice of sim-
hundred and six bones comprise the skeletal science has found many aids which control ple hygienic measures. Such measures in-
system. They support the body, protect the or cure infections in man. Some of these clude thorough washing of the hands be-
soft parts, give the mucles leverage so that aids are natural, others are synthetic. For fore meals and after contact with objects
the body can move, and provide form for example, immunity to a disease may be con- likely to contain Infection material; by keep-
the body. Without bones the body would be ferred artificially, as Is done in the Army. ing the hands away from the nose and
a shapeless mass. The soldier can be injected or inoculated mouth; by avoiding direct contact or expos-
Certain of these bones protect vital parts with bacteria which have been killed by heat ure to persons with colds?
of the body. The cranium protects the brain or chemical means. Such preparations of All respiratory infections are transmitted
from damage and the vertebral column sim- dead bacteria are called vaccines 6 (pause). from one person to another by circulating
ilarly protects the spinal cord. In the chest Action: As Instructor says, "-dead bac- air and by direct or indirect contact. Thus
area the heart and lungs are afforded pro- teria are called vaccines" on-stage assistant
tection by the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs.
Body movement is accomplished by mus- 6 "The Living Body," Best & Taylor, pp.
cle tissue acting on the long bones such as 4 "The Living Body," Best & Taylor. 240-242.
the humerus, the radius, the ulna, the G "The Living Body," Best & Taylor, p. 233- 7 Textbook of Healthful Living, Howard S
femur, the tibia, and the fibula. 234. Diehl, p
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
1961
Lesson plan: third 2-ho urblock.
'Stage property
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
1. Hospital laboratory gowns (2).
2. Three foot hypodermic syringe.
3. MP uniform.
4. Record--automobile crash sound effect.
6. Wheeled surgical litter.
6. Auto crash casualty--dummy.
7. Tombstone.
8. Moulage--gunshot wound, face.
9. Simulated shotgun.
10. Blank pistol.
Costumes:
1. Toy soldier: Shako, red coat, striped
pants.
2. Hospital gown (1).
3. Hospital laboratory gown (1).
4. Stovepipe hat and cloak.
(B) True and false test forms. PA system,
podium light.
(C) Podium, podium light, instructor spot-
light, follow spotlight, public address system,
unit and national colors.
Charts:
1. U.S. Declaration of Independence.
2. Freedom & Responsibilities.
3. Soviet Expansion Since 1939.
4. Injured soldier-incidents.
5. Anatomical manikin.
Costumes :
1. Russian officer uniform.
2. Revolutionary War period dress-(2).
8. Hospital laboratory gown (1).
Stage property:
1. Blank pistol.
2. Record-"Army Goes Rolling Along
Personnel: (A) Instructor, on-stage as-
sistant, medical technicians, back stage man-
ager, two spotlight operators.
Actors:
1. Toy soldier.
2. Hospital patient.
3. Inebriated soldier and MP.
4. "Digger O'Dell."
6. Gun shot soldier and "friend."
(B) Instructor, four Assistant Instructors.
(C) Instructor, back-stage manager, 2
assistant instructors, 2 spotlight operators.
Script: "Care and Maintenance of the Hu-
man Machine." Copy, 4,500 words, 43 min-
utes. Six - skits, 1- minute each, 6 minutes.
One manikin action, 1 minute, Total time,
50 minutes.
Stage setting: Assistant and charts cen-
ter stage.
Action: Curtain opens. Instructor to po-
dium. Instructor spot on.
INSTRUCTOR. During this period we are go-
ing to discuss health-specifically, your
health.
And the reason we are going to discuss
your health is that illness destroys the ef-
fectiveness of the Armed Forces, undermines
morale and places an enormous burden on
medical facilities.
Now, you may ask, does health and na-
tional welfare have anything to do with me?
It certainly does 1 Each one of us is sworn
to protect America's interests overseas. To
do this you and I must be prepared at all
times for possible physical action in a com-
bat-type situation.
At the present time each one of you is
presumed to be healthy. The purpose of
the instruction to follow is to help keep you
that way-so we have called this period,
"Care and Maintenance of the Human Ma-
chine" (stop).
Action: As instructor says, "Care and
maintenance," onstage assistant exposes
subject title. Follow spot on action. Skit
actor wearing "toy soldier" uniform marches
stiffly on stage from wings as offstage
manager provides "mechanical" sound effects
with ratchet noisemaker. "Toy soldier" faces
toward audience, salutes with jerky move-
ment, marches back to wings.
INSTRUCTOR. Now, soldiers aren't machines.
Not can the human body be accurately com-
pared to a machine. However, this thought
is a convenient one for illustration. Now,
what about our Army health record?
(pause).
Action: As instructor says "What about-".
onstage assistant exposes subtitle "The
Army Health Record." Follow spot on.
INSTRUCTOR. Among our own Armed Forces
reports show a remarkably low incidence of
illness during the Second War World and the
war in Korea. For the first time in history no
serious epidemics of disease occurred in mili-
tary training camps.
The result of improved health programs is
less illness among our military forces than
ever before. In the care of combat casualties,
too, the Army record is very good. Only 4.5
percent of the wounded men who received
medical care died during the Second World
War as compared to 8 percent during the
First World War. During the war in Korea
this mortality was further reduced to 2.3
percent.
As you see, the health record of the Army
is excellent and getting better all the time.
But let's just look at the 24th Division
health record for 1959 (pause).
Action: As instructor says, "-health rec-
ord for 1.959," on-stage assistant exposes sub-
title. "The Division Health Record" and bar
graph chart No. 2: "Total Medical Cases, 1959,
24th Infantry Division: 34,811." Follow spot
on.
INSTRUCTOR. This chart reveals that dur-
ing 1959 there were 34,811 medical cases re-
corded in this division. This figure repre-
sents members of this command who were
sick and required care by division medical
personnel. Statistically this means that,
based on an average division population of
about 14,000 people there were two and a
half times as many medical cases as there
were men in the division.
This is astonishing.
It also means that your chance of becom-
ing a medical statistic during the coming
year are pretty good-unless we can do
something to change the causes (pause).
While it is true that today's soldier is un-
likely to fall before the killer diseases of
years past, this fact does not imply that you
and I will remain- free of all disease.
You may wonder, at this point "What type
of casualty am I likely to become in this
game of medical roulette?" Maybe we can
identify the factors of highest probability
(pause).
Action: When instructor says "factors of
highest probability," on-stage assistant un-
masks seven medical case categories shown
by bar-graph (chart No. 2) "Total Division
Cases." Follow spot on.
Upper respiratory---------------.._- 6,494
Eye, ear, nose, throat ---------------- 4,827
Skin infections- --------------------- 3,507
Venereal disease -------------------- 1,440
Diarrhea and digestive tract infec-
tions-?-------------.------------.-- 1.440
Neuropsychiatric---------------- ..__ 970
Other medical cases----------------- 16,133
INSTRUCTOR. Here are the types of disease
which struck down division men last year.
Take a look at them; would you care to se-
lect your disease now?
As you can see, the medical cases which
caused the greatest loss in manpower and
money in the division in 1959 were respira-
tory infections; diseases of the eye, ear, nose,
and throat; intestinal diseases; diseases of
the skin; venereal disease; and neuropsy-
chiatric or mental diseases.
Of the six diseases listed here, upper res-
piratory disease accounted for the greatest
number of cases. Over 6,000 acute respira-
tory cases required medical care.
Next most common classification was eye,
ear, nose and throat diseases: nearly 5,000
cases treated. Skin conditions, over 3,500
cases were third most serious cause for time
lost.
16441
tions, over 11,400 cases; and neuropsychiatric
diseases, :about 1,000 cases.
It's important to note that 85 other
diseases, or types of diseases, too numerous
to list on this chart, accounted for about
18,000 additional medical cases in the divi-
sion during the period.
Put another way, the 6 diseases listed on
the bar-graph accounted for over 19,000
cases, or 86 per cent of all medical cases in
the division last year, while: 85 other types
totaled only 16,000, or 44 per Cent.
Can you see anything else on this chart?
It's certaanly significant that six types of
diseases accounted for over half of the medi-
cal cases in the 24th Infantry Division. But
what else is revealed by this list?
It is this--rnost of the diseases listed un-
der these six categories, with possible excep-
tion of neuropsychiatric diseases, could
have been avoided by more intelligent hving
on the part of personnel in the Division.
A closer attention to the "Care and Main-
tenance of the Human Machine", might have
effectively reduced these somewhat gloomy
statistics.
That's something to think: about, isn't it?
The Army has made great progress in
eliminating or controlling the diseases which
formerly scourged military :forces. Yet we
are confronted with these morbidity figures
which indicate that the health of this com-
mand is ;:rot too good, or at least, not as
good as we would like it to be.
Now, let's add this up and see what it
means to us personally-to You and me..
Since health is a personal matter perhaps
there is a course of action that you and I
can take to reduce the risk of contracting
these disease.
Of first Interest should be a better knowl-
edge of oiur bodies--and how they function.
Let's examine homo sapiens, that's the
scientific name for man, remembering that
we're talking about you, and you and you
(pointing to members of the audience).
(Pause.)
Action: As instructor says, "-you and
you", medical technician, dressed in labora-
tory whites, enters from left wings, rolling
caster-mounted? 10-foot plywood manikin.
Halts midway to center stage, fixes lapel
microphone to jacket and faces audience.
Follow spot on manikin and technician. On-
stage assistant exposes subtitle: "Structure
of the Body."
INsTRucvoR. This Is "Joe"--bigger than. life
and twice as ugly. Joe, assisted by Special-
ist -- its going to illustrate some of the
vital functions of the human body.
Now, Joe is made of wood and paint. But
even so, he is several times more costly than
the body you. are wearing today.
In fact, t:he chemicals comprising your
body can be purchased in any good pharma-
ceutical hcu e for about 98 cents.
Action: Medical technician slaps sign,
"For Sale-=98 cents" on manikin.
INSTRUCToR.:However, each of you probably
values his body at a higher figure. And
because you dc--and because the Army does,
too, let's learn more about protecting this
valuable mechanism.
Specialist ----, if you please (stop).
Action: Instructor retires. Instructor spot
and podium light off.
MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. The body is basically
composed of cells which are sometimes
called 'body building blocks'. These Cells
are the basic structural units for many
types of body parts. The cells themselves are
composed of protoplasm, a soft, jelly-like
substance which has been called the basic
of life. There are four different types of
cells: epithelial or covering cells; connective
cells; muscle cells and nerve cells. When
large numiners of the same type of cells join
together they form tissues. Therefore there
are four different types of tissues which bear
Then came venereal disease, over 1,400 the same names as the four types-of cells
cases; diarrhea and digestive tract infec- which forr,a them. For example, the skin
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30
But, there are other effects, perhaps more
far-reaching and lasting than a stretch in
the guard house.
These might be called the social aspects of
misbehavior.
We know that some soldiers believe that
escape from responsibility in service can be
achieved through premeditated acts designed
to secure an "undesirable" discharge by 208
or 209 board action.
Others are mislead into certain acts prej-
udicial to the service in the belief that an
"undesirable" discharge is a quick and rela-
tively painless solution to a temporary in-
convenience in military service.
Let's look at some of these incidents of
discharge and then judge whether this is
a wise course of action (pause).
Action: Follow spot on chart. On-stage
assistant exposes chart No. 9: Incidents of
Discharge:
Benefit
Undosir-
able
Bad
conduct
Dis-
honor-
able
ARMY
Death gratuity -----------
Yes (?)__
No ------
No.
Muster-out pay -----------
No ------
No______
No.
Accrued leave pay--------
ld
h
h
No ------
N
No______
N
No.
N
o
----_
ouse
Transfer of
Burial in national ceme-
o______
No ------
o______
No______
o.
No.
tery.
VETERANS,
ADMINISTRATION
Dependents compensa-
tion--------------------
Yes (?)
No------
No.
Pension--------- ____
Yes (?)__
No______
No.
Vocational rehabilitation-
Yes(1)__
No-. ----
No.
Educational training-----
Yes(?)__
No______
No.
Loans--------------------
Yes (?)--
No------
No.
Unemployment compen-
Yes (7)_.
No______
No.
sation. -
Special housing -----------
-
Yes (?)__
No______
No.
Hospitalization___________
Yes (?)__
No______
No.
Out-patient care__________
Yes (?)__
No______
No.
Death compensation------
Yes (7)__
No______
No.
Burial expenses___________
Yes (?)__
No ------
No.
Burial flag________________
Yes(?)__
No______
No.
Farm loans_______________
Yes (?)__
Yes (?)__
No.
Housing preference-------
Yes (?)__
Yes (?)__
No.
Homestead_______________
No ......
No______
No.
Civil service______________
No______
No______
No.
Reemployment benefits--
No______
No______
No.
Unemployment compen-
Yes (?)__
No______
No.
sation.
Naturalization___
No
No______
No.
Social security____________
Yes (?)__
No____
IVo.
INSTRUCTOR. There are more than 40 ben-
efits accruing to the individual by a suc-
cessful completion of military service.
These are direct advantages gained by service
in uniform.
We have listed 25 representative cate-
gories of these benefits on this chart to
show some of the positive advantages of re-
entering civilian life with an unblemished
Army record.
These listed benefits include only Army,
Veterans' Administration and Federal agency
benefits directed by public law.
Numerous State benefits and other, less
well-defined benefits, such as social prestige
and self-satisfaction, are not considered
here.
As you see, most of these benefits are
lost or compromised by an undesirable, bad
conduct, or dishonorable discharge. Most
of these benefits are real, out of the pocket
considerations, or have a material bearing
on future civilian success, and apply whether
a man has 2 or 20 years service when he is
discharged.
A person discharged as "undesirable" may
retain some of these benefits but, as indi-
cated by the question mark, this eligibility
is dependent upon a review of the facts
surrounding the discharge.
It does not take much "power of reason"
to see that such a provision effectively limits
the individual in many critical areas of
health, business, and housing opportunities.
A further material loss to the military
lawbreaker is embodied in the 68th statute
of the Congressional Record.
This amendment to the United States Code
is known as the Hiss Act. It directs that U.S.
military personnel who have been convicted
of a felony shall forfeit all retirement
benefits.
An example of the effect of the Hiss Act
is the soldier who is court-martialed for an
illegal dependent travel claim. That soldier,
if convicted, will have surrendered all rights
to retirement pay (pause).
It is pertinent that we understand Ger-
man Law, as well as Military law, for here in
Germany we are subject to both. On 5 May,
1955 the Occupation of Western Germany
was terminated. On this date the Federal
Republic of Germany regained its full
sovereignty and the Bonn Convention en-
tered into full force. Among the provisions
of the Convention is the following: (pause)
Action: Instr spot off. Follow spot to
stage left. Asst enters, reads proclamation.
ASSISTANT. The members of the Forces
shall observe German Law, and the. author-
ities of the Forces shall undertake and be
responsible for the enforcement of German
Law against them, except as otherwise pro-
vided in the present or in another applicable
convention or agreement.
Action: Follow spot off. Inst light on
podium.
INSTRUCTOR. This document is known as
the "Agreement on the Statutes of Forces in
Germany."
Subject to the provisions of the agreement
German courts and authorities jurisdiction
over members of the United States Army
in noncriminal proceedings.
Although we are not subject to the juris-
diction of German criminal courts, members
of the U.S. Forces may be sued in German
civil courts by fellow members of the U.S.
Forces, by German Nationals, and by citizens
of other countries.
Futher, service of process is effected by
and through military channels.
The type of cases so handled include
paternity cases, automobile accidents, and
alleged breech of contract (pause).
Action: Follow spot to stage left. Pick
up 4 x 4 walk across cartoon, fraulein carry-
ing `baby' chasing soldier, cross to stage
right.
INSTRUCTOR. Soldier may be sued in Ger-
man courts in paternity cases and the
process, including judgment, will be served
on them through their commander. Action
may be taken by German authorities to en-
force paternity judgments in the same man-
ner as they would enforce judgment in other
types of cases.
III the same manner, U.S. soldiers are
liable for damage incurred in automobile
accidents and may be brought to German
courts for suits arising out of such accidents.
The large majority of suits brought by
German firms and individuals against mem-
bers of the U.S. forces are result of an
alleged failure to honor contracts. These
oral or written contracts usually involve
financing obligations, installment purchases,
automobile rentals, apartment leases and
other credit arrangements. Because of the
ease by which German Nationals can begin
suit in these matters members of the U.S.
forces who default on contracts are fre-
quently sued immediately upon such default,
even where the amount is small (pause).
These are some of the considerations
effecting our social activities.
There is also the military aspect of mis-
behavior. Military aspects of misbehavior
are prescribed under the Military Code of
Justice.
The procedures, authority, responsibilities,
and actions taken under the code are spelled
out in some 140 articles. The articles gov-
ern the legal aspects of Army service and
comprise the basic law for soldiers.
The subject is too voluminous to discuss
here. Sufficient to state that fact is pre-
ferred over fiction when making decisions
involving our personal careers.
The facts are available in the U.S. Manual
for Courts-Martial (stop).
Action: Instructor spot off. Follow spot on
prisoner carrying placard-"Don't Be a
Chump." Guard with shotgun follows.
Cross to stage right.
INSTRUCTOR. During the last 50 minutes we
have discussed and learned three things
(pause).
Action: Follow spot on chart "Power of
Reason, Master of Fate, Successful Career."
INSTRUCTOR. We know that each of us has
a God-given intelligence by which we can
make considered decisions. We know that
many factors influence our decisionmaking
faculties.
By understanding these factors we can
better control them.
We also know that our future in service is
mot a matter of blind chance. We, alone, are
the master of our fate. What we make of
our lives in the 24th Infantry Division, and
in Europe, depends on our sound judgment
and our mental attitudes.
And, third, we know that a successful
career in service and in civilian life can be
ours by recognizing certain rules of behavior,
and by avoiding paths which lead to dead-
ends (pause).
Action: Assistant returns 12-foot figure of
injured soldier. Spot on figure to end.
INSTRUCTOR. Whether you and I become
dead-end statistics like this figure or develop
a fuller, richer life through our experience
in service will be pretty, much up to us indi-
vidually.
Action: Curtain closes, instructor and fol-
low spots off. Instructor retires. House
lights on.
Lesson plan:
Third 2-hour block of instruction.
Subject and duration:
(A) "Care and Maintenance of the Human
Machine" (script attached), 50 minutes.
(B) End-of-course Test (form attached),
25 minutes.
(C) Concluding address (script attached),
25 minutes.
Place: Theater.
References:
(A) "Textbook of Healthful Living," How-
ard S. Diehl; "The Living Body," Best and
Taylor; "Morbidity Reports," 24th Inf. Div.,
1959, Surg.; "Traffic Accident Reports," 24th
Inf. Div., 1959 P.M.
(B) Preceding instruction.
(C) Preceding references and instruction.
Type of instruction:
(A) Lecture, skits, visual illustrations.
(B) Audience participation.
(C) Lecture, visual illustrations.
Instructional aids:
(A) Podium, podium light, instructor
spotlight, follow spotlight, public address
system (2 mikes).
Charts :
1. Care and Maintenance and subtitles,
5 by 6.
2. Division Medical Cases, 1959, 5 by 6.
3. For sale, 98 cents, 1 by 2.
4. Disease Causing Agents, 5 by 6.
5. Cartoon, fleeing bacteria and cell, 5 by 6.
6. Aids to Control Disease, 5 by 6.
7. Causes of Disease in Soldiers, 5 by 6.
8. Control of Respiratory Disease, 5 by 6.
9. Control of Digestive Tract Infections,
5 by 6.
10. Death Rates v. Alcohol, 5 by 6.
11. Division Surgical Cases, 1959, 5 by 6.
Illustrations: 1. Human, male figure, three
layers of plywood-(a) body; (b) organs; (c)
skeletal system in color; 10 feet high.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
(3) Rank and Promotion. (4) Discipline.
3(5) Ideology. (6) Fear. (7) Group Influ-
ence. Follow spot to chart.
INSTRUCTOR. There are certain know areas
which present serious disrupting influences
on individual motivation in service. These
points might be called "Factors of Stress in
the Army".
First, on joining the Army, a man loses
his most important emotional anchors, his
home and family, his friends, his job. He is
given little choice in his disposition. This
strange, uncomfortable, new environment re-
quires adjustment on the part of the
individual.
Job assignment is the commonest cause
of dissatisfaction, and consequently, of mal-
adjustment in the Army. The individual,
and his superior, must be aware of this
factor and take positive action to achieve
a compatible job assignment. Such job as-
signment must be made with a realistic un-
derstanding of the Army and unit mission.
Rank and promotion indicate training and
special qualifications. As such they are im-
portant in recognition for experience and
ability. Inequalities are bound to occur in
the Army but knowledge of promotion cri-
teria, availability of promotions and an un-
derstanding bf what is required to achieve
promotional status, will help to set a stable,
mental pattern.
Military discipline, the Army way of work-
ing together, may be onerous to some, but
the necessity of discipline and how discipline
creates a combat team, is a basic require-
ment.
Inculcation of discipline leads to success
in battle and Is a driving force which en-
ables the individual soldier to assume un-
comfortable, and sometimes, dangerous re-
sponsibilities. The morale stiffner of dis-
cipline provides this response.
Most persons entering the service will be
confronted with a conflict in ideology. All
of our previous teaching at home, at school,
and in church, conditioned us to respect life.
Now, suddenly, we must learn to kill. In
fact, we ourselves may be killed.
Justification for these new concepts are
best arrived at by identifying our love for
home, respect for our leaders, and concern
for our "buddies", with our military mission.
The emotional stimulus for fighting rests also
in an understanding of "why we fight".
Fear, a normal response during periods of
danger, is not a sign of cowardice. It is an
automatic mechanism of the mind acting to
protect the body. Controlled fear is useful,
for we all would soon be dead without a sense
of fear. But, we must develop an internal
force that is stronger than our fear; pride
in our unit, patriotism, loyalty to friends,
and conviction in our mission, contribute to
our successful fight against fear. Action
dispells.fear, -as does the realization that we
must face ourselves, our family, and our
country if we succumb to fear.
The final factor of stress in service that
we shall consider is the group influence.
Since we train as a team, and in relatively
large numbers working together, it may hap-
pen, that under stress, the group may re-
spond like sheep. Mass hysteria in combat,
or blind following of bad examples in our
daily lives, are typical examples of the ef-
fects of group influence.
On the other hand, group influence can
be beneficial by directing the individual
toward more effective results. This, of
course, depends on intelligence and guid-
ance (pause).
Are there any signs, which we can observe
in the individual, and in the unit, that show
when motivation is not in adjustment with
the stresses of military service? You bet
there are (pause).
Action: An examination of this chart No.
7, "Signs of Maladjustment":
(1) Early signs, (a) Lack of interest, (b)
response through Fear, (c) poor inspection
records, (d) attitudes; (2) late signs, (a)
AWOL rate, (b) sick report, (c) company
punishment, (d) guard house cases.
INSTRUCTOR. An examination of this chart,
shows a remarkable relation to the list of
24th Infantry "incidents" that we saw at the
beginning of this talk, doesn't it?
There is no use in belaboring this point
for it is quite obvious that, matching the
indicators noted on this chart with the sta-
tistical figures shown by the injured soldier
seen earlier in our discussion, we have a
problem.
And it is for this very reason that we are
studying cases of human behavior today
(pause).
Action: Follow spot off. Soldier chart re-
moved.
INSTRUCTOR. As we noted in our study of
the brain, man can channel basic instincts
into constructive and socially desirable ac-
tions. Therefore anti-social behavior, as il-
lustrated in rates of Incidents, is the volun-
tary relinquishing this control.
The maladjusted individual is one who has
permitted his intelligence to be superseded
by emotion and has placed himself at the
mercy of his animal instinct and the less
developed centers of the mind.
Now, what should we do to avoid falling
into the classification of maladjusted?
Frankly, there is no single "cure-all" for
stresses in the service any more than there
is a "cure-all" for personal problems in civil-
ian life. Life itself is a series of continuing
problems, and our ability to meet these prob-
lems, and surmount them, is the mark of
maturity.
However, there are some guides which we
may consider as particularly important dur-
ing our service in the Army, and in this Di-
vision. (stop)
Action: Follow spot on Med Tech, stage
left. Inst spot off.
TECHNICIAN. In a nut-shell-Morale. Mo-
rale may be positive or negative. High mo-
rale is a composite attitude comprising de-
termination, fight, confidence, ideological
conviction, and beliefs. High morale is
marked by individual and unit resistance to
threats, to conquering of handicaps, and by
surmounting obstacles. How wall the Indi-
vidual and his unit achieve these objectives
will depend on how well informed are the
members of the unit and the degree of in-
dividual job proficiency.
Confidence, achieved through training, in
the use of weapons and equipment. Confi-
dence in taking care of ones self, and con-
fidence in success are prerequisites to sound
morale. Equally important is sound confi-
dence in the Army and in leadership.
Each man on. the team must have satis-
faction in his job and mission and must know
that the unit is backing him, and that his
contribution to the unit is known and ap-
preciated.
Therefore, some guides to maintaining
good morale, In the individual and in the
unit, are understanding of unit mission and
the job of the individual. The soldier must
keep himself informed. He must fight rum-
ors and avoid "time killing." Activity, both
physical and mental, is an excellent antidote
for sagging morale. Be active in recreation
and physical, intellectual, cultural, and
spiritual pursuits. And, when the mental
stress of personal problems are beyond the
capacity or means of the individual, these
problems should be taken to persons in au-
thority who can help resolve them. Seek
guidance, morally and spiritually, and air
complaints with superiors. Remember that
your problems are not unique in human ex-
perience. And because they are not, the
Army has anticipated them and has provided
agencies through which the individual can
seek guidance. These agencies include the
Chaplain, Medical Officer, Special Service Of-
ficer, Classification Officer, Red Cross, and
Legal Assistance Officer.
The military chain of command, from
squad leader to commanding general, share
the responsibility of creating and maintain-
ing sound morale, and, therefore, have a
vested interest in resolving problems which
are detrimental to morale.
(stop)
Action: Follow spot off. Instructor spot
on podium.
INSTRUCTOR. Now, in the last several min-
utes we h.ave established two general pre-
cepts.
First we have identified the brain as the
central control of all mental and physical
activity. We have seen, to some degree, how
the brain functions and that man possesses
the most highly developed central nervous
system of all the creatures on earth. We
can agree that you and I have intelligence
and the power of reason and, so, can mate-
rially influence our own destinies by con-
scious acts. We are, in fact, masters of our
fate.
Second:y, we have explored human be-
havior and ?individual personality. We know
there are basic drives which motivate the
individual personality. And we know that
there are factors of stress in service which
influence these basic drives.
Having now become amateur psychologists
we are new ready to apply this knowledge to
our military careers and our personal lives
(stop) .
Action: Soldier in cap and gown runs
down aisle to instructor, yelling and waving
his hande.' Follow spot picks up action and
follows to stage where diploma (Graduate
Amateur Psychologist) is presented. Grad-
uate walks. off, follow spot off.
INSTRUCTOR. Knowing that we have the
power of reason, we can now understand. that
adjustment to military life is closely associ-
ated with morale.
And morale, to a great degree, is based on
information (pause).
Action: Follow spot picks up chart No. 8
entitled "Information, Information, Infor-
mation, Information, Information."
INSTRUCTOR. Do you suppose that we might
combine this power of reason, and knowledge
of - human behavior, with information so as
to improve morale? Can we change the
mental hazards of military service so that
such problems as NP cases, courts-maxtial,
board actioris, AWOL's, serious incidents, and
deaths will be eliminated from this Division?
Can you and I erase the sorry spector of
the sick and injured 24th Infantry Division
figure we saw at the beginnring of this talk?
No. Of course not.
We know that the pattern of human be-
havior will produce future personal catas-
trophy, and that many soldiers in this Divi-
sion will, within the next twelve months, be-
come statistics in one or more areas of morale
disentegration.
However--you and I can prevent our per-
sonal in?rolvement in a dead-end career.
We can control our own destiny in the serv-
ice. And, by so doing, we will have reduced
the over-all Division statistical rates for
1960.
This is certainly a desired aim, isn't it?
Well, let's try it. Let's see if information
and mature judgement can have a-bearing on
our present and future service. Let's try in-
formatiorl as a, guide to success (pause).
There are. of course, many, obvious results
of poor personal decision in the Army (stop).
Action: Follow spot to stage left. Pick
up action of wild soldier, running across
stage shooting gun. Two ",medics" capture
soldier and hustle him off stage. Put on
helmet.
INSTauc;roR. This is one end to malad-
justment in. military service.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 16438
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30
cialist , assisted by Specialist
will explain the various parts of the brain,
and describe a few of the functions of these
parts. Specialist , if you please
(stop)
Action: Remove model of soldier and in-
structor light and podium light off. In-
structor retires.
TECHNICIAN. The outstanding fact about
our knowledge of the human brain is that
we, know quite a bit about it.
We know, for example, that the processes
of the brain can be compared to an electrical
system. In fact, the Impulses of the central
nervous system, whether these impluses be
conscious or unconscious, or physical or
mental, are the result of tiny but measurable
electric charges. Since mental activity gen-
erates electric energy, it is certain that, like
an electric generator and wiring system, the
better the system the better the results.
Action: Assistant technician points out
and indicates areas of the brain with pointer
as discourse continues.
MEDICAL TECHNICIAN. The brain is that
part of the nervous system enclosed by the
skull. It consists of the cerebrum, the mid-
brain, pons, medulla oblongata, and the
cerebellum.
It is believed that the medulla oblongata,
the cerebellum, pons, midbrain and the
cerebrum represent progressive evolution of
the central nervous system over millions of
years.
The first four areas of the brain are more
rudimentary in structure and are organs of
crude consciousness and centers of primitive
emotions. In successively higher levels of
animals development these centers exert less
and less direct influence on the animal. In
mammals, which include dogs, apes, and
man, these rudimentary organs are far ex-
ceeded in prominence by the cerebrum, al-
though they still retain important functions.
In the brain of man the cerebrum has
achieved its highest development which we
perceive as intellect and the power of reason.
The cerebru, with which we are most con-
cerned, is divided incompletely into two
halves so that in appearance it might be
compared to a walnut. The most highly
developed function of the nervous system,
memory, intelligence, moral sense, and the
centers for sight, hearing, smell, taste, and
general body sensations, are seated in the
cerebral hemispheres.
For convenience of description each half
of the cerebrum is divided into four parts
called lobes. The frontal lobe is situated in
front of the deep cleft called the fissure
of Rolando. The parietal lobe lies behind
the fissure of Rolando. The occipital lobe
forms the posterior section of the cerebrum.
The temporal lobe forms the lower portion
of the right and left sides of the brain.
A complicated layer of brain cells, called
cortex, covers both cerebral hemispheres.
This layer of cells is about one fourth of
an inch thick in the human brain and is
the seat of intelligence and higher mental
functions. In lower animals this specialized
layer of cells is rudimentary, microscopically
thin, or entirely absent.
A band of cortex in front of the fissure of
Rolando controls the voluntary movements
of the body. Therefore this area is called
the motor area. The muscles of one side
of the body are controlled by the motor area
of the opposite side of the brain. This area
has been mapped out during brain opera-
tions so that many. of the points in the motor
area have been identified with certain mus-
cles of the body.
Situated in front of the motor area is the
so-called premotor area. This part of the
brain exerts influence over the motor area,
combining localized movement into more
complicated acts; for example, coordinating
thought and speech.
The parietal lobe, behind the fissure of
Rolando, is sensory in function. There
sensations of touch, warmth, and coolness,
and of muscular movements, are preceived
and interpreted. Like the motor area this
part of the brain has been mapped out point
by point by electrical stimulation through
openings in the brain skull. The patients
were conscious and able to describe the
sensations aroused.
The temporal lobe is the region for the
perception of sound. This acoustic area on
each side of the brain receives impulses from
both ears so that the destruction of one side
will not destroy hearing in either ear, al-
though it might impair hearing in both ears.
The occipital lobe is the area for vision.
This part of the brain receives impulses
from the two retinas of the eyes and inter-
pret these visual impressions, integrating
the signals with other sensations.
The function of the remaining, and
greater part of the frontal cortex is not well
known. It was once thought that the
frontal lobe was the seat of intelligence.
It is now believed.that no special region or
center for intelligence exists. Intelligence,
it is now believed, depends upon the cortex
as a whole. That Is, upon the degree of the
various sensory areas and the richness of
the association paths through which these
areas are interconnected (stop).
Action: Medical technician and assistant
wheel training aid off stage. Instructor re-
turns to podium. Follow spot off and
instructor spot on. Podium light on.
INSTRUCTOR. The brain is a most remark-
able instrument. In man the cerebral cortex
is highly developed enabling you and I to
control, regulate, and channelize the basic
instincts of animal origin. In lower animal
forms this refinement is rudimentary or lack-
ing entirely so that the animal is controlled
by the lower centers of emotion and crude
consciousness.
You and I can sublimate these basic
drives and instincts, and an animal cannot.
All living things have a brain, or a brain
like organ. The frog brain, for example, has
all the parts that are associated with the
human brain, although it is somewhat dis-
similar in form. But if a frog brain were to
be increased to human size and somehow
fitted into a human skull that unfortunate
man would be an utter moron, an intellec-
tual and social idiot.
Action: On-stage assistant exposes frog-
man chart. Follow spot on chart.
INSTRUCTOR. NOW, you and I are not hu-
man-like frogs. Quite the contrary. We
possess a superb instrument of preception
and reason.
But, with some of us-at some time-
some function or influence disrupts or mis-
directs this power of reason and we are con-
fronted with a self-destructive situation of
our own making-a courts-martial for
instance.
What are these factors which cloud our
power of reason?
To answer this question we should know
something about human behavior, emotional
reactions, and attitudes (pause).
To understand human behavior me must
assume that there exists two parts of the
human personality. One, a conscious mind
which controls voluntary activity of brain
and body, and two, an unconscious or sub-
conscious mind, of powerful impulses and
drives, and which is difficult to control. The
conscious mind may be compared to the
cerebrum, or most highly developed portion
of the brain. And the unconscious mind
may be identified with the more rudimentary
parts of the brain, as was shown in our illus-
tration of the human brain (stop).
Action: Instructor spot off. Follow spot
on medical technician at stage left.
TECHNICIAN. You and I link these two
parts, conscious and unconscious, many
times each day. The process of linking these
two minds is called a technique of the per-
sonality. For example, we rationalize exces-
sive drinking, or justify our failures by
other mental gymnastics. We explain our
loves and our hates through rationalization.
We also transfer emotion from one person
to another by a technique called displace-
ment. A soldier, for example may unknow-
ingly identify his officer with his father and
act accordingly.
Another way the brain links these two
minds is by conversion. We convert strong
emotional feelings into physical symptoms,
such as going on sick call with a severe belly
ache just prior to a field exercise.
We also project our own defects or im-
pulses to others as in accusing a fellow sol-
dier of cowardice or blaming others for our
own mistakes.
Another unconscious method used to link
the two minds is identification. We un-
knowingly copy the mannerisms of another
by process of self-identification, as in men-
tally comparing ourselves with the hero of a
movie, or in borrowing strength from a leader
in battle (stop).
Action: Follow spot off. Instructor spot
on right stage.
INSTRUCTOR. There are the mental mecha-
nisms by which the individual personality
connects the two minds. These techniques
are used quite unknowingly and without
conscious effort on the part of the individual.
In the well adjusted individual his con-
scious personality keeps his unconscious per-
sonality under control.
This control is guided by certain human
controls or needs called motivation. (pause)
Action: On-stage assistant exposes Chart
No. 5: Motivation (1) Security, (2) Grati-
fication, (3) Conviction, (4) Recognization,
(5) Confidence-in skill and equipment, (6)
Physical Conditioning. Follow spot on chart.
INSTRUCTOR. These needs, or motivation
precepts, are major factors in determining
human behavior.
An individual must feel secure to be well
adjusted. He must feel secure in his job, in
his relation with associates, and in the
sources of his affections. When these are
threatened by such things as trouble at
home, ridicule by "buddies," or by uncer-
tainty In a new assignment, the individual
begins to develop symptoms of maladjust-
ment.
To be mentally well, to be a whole man, a
soldier must find gratification in his job and
in his environment. Without such satisfac-
tion he does his work poorly and is bored
with his associates dyad with his environ-
ment.
The individual must be convinced of the
purpose and importance of his job. He must
believe that what he is doing has significance
and that his mission is worthwhile.
Every man needs recognition by co-work-
ers and by superiors. He requires evidence
that his worth and contribution to the com-
mon effort is understood and appreciated.
Confidence is skill and equipment are
major stabilizing factors in personal adjust-
ment. The soldier must be confident in his
capacity to do his work. In the Army this
confidence is arrived at by training so that
the man feels "superior" in the use of
weapons and instruments.
And Physical Conditioning. In some cases
physical condition is secondary to the mental
state, but, in the Army, physical condition-
ing is of essential importance for good men-
tal health. Every man must observe the
rules of personal hygiene. This includes
conditioning, rest, food, and clothing. Poor
physical condition seriously effects the men-
tal state (pause).
Having identified Personality Structure,
Mental Mechanisms, and Motivation, let us
now relate these factors to conditions of
stress peculiar to the Army.
Action: On-stage assistant exposes Chart
No. 6: "Factors of Stress in the Army": (1)
Situation on Joining. (2) Job Assignment.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
The American cause of freedom is based
upon a belief in the sovereignty of God
and the preciousness of the individual soul.
And next to belief comes sacrifice. What
are we willing to give today for the preserva-
tion of our freedom? We cannot buy it, you
know. There is no shop which has It on sale.
We cannot bargain for it at any trade mart in
the world, or receive it as a gift, or attain it
by indolent security.
Freedom can only be won. Sometimes
with anguish, often with blood, always with
sacrifice. Nor Is it ever won eternally. The
warfare is continuous and each generation
comes to the front to fight for it as though
the battle had just been joined.
Freedom costs something.
The spirit of Washington assures us that
we cannot escape such sacrifice.
Now, finally, there Is honor. Do we really
understand its place in the American
dream? Do we really recognize that the
preservation of our freedom is dependent
upon the. stout morality of each genera-
tion? The very success of our democracy
is founded upon the integrity of those of us
who enjoy it. Remove morality and you re-
move freedom, for freedom is subject to
morality as a seed is dependent upon the soil
in which it is planted.
Honor is a shield to character, a spur to
courage, and a whip to justice.
That is why we must be concerned with
whatever weakens our national morality.
That is why we must defend our liberties
on the battleground of integrity.
Never forget that nations die when moral
laxity becomes the seed of death in their
national character.
Just so, our national liberty rests upon
our national honor. And our national hon-
or will rest upon the honor of our individual
citizens.
True patriotism Is inborn. And true free-
dom depends upon belief, and sacrifice, and
honor as its bulwarks.'
Our first President cautioned Americans
to live by these principles. On the eve of
his departure from public office President
Washington addressed his fellow citizens in
a farewell letter published in September
1796. In it he explained the course he had
taken as President, set forth some political
precepts which he believed the country
should follow, and insisted upon the duty of
patriotism. "Be united," he said, "Be Amer-
ican."
Action: Backstage voice enunciates lines
over public address system: "The unity of
government which constitutes you one peo-
ple Is also now dear to you. it is justly
so, for It Is a main pillar in the edifice of
your real independence, the support of your
tranquillity at home, your peace abroad,
of your safety, of your prosperity, of that
very liberty which you so highly prize. But
as it is easy to foresee that from different
causes and from different quarters much
pains will be taken, many artifices employed,
to weaken in your minds the conviction of
this truth, as this is the point in your
political fortress against which the batter-
ies of internal and external enemies will be
most constantly and actively (though often
covertly and insidiously) directed, it is of
infinite moment that you should properly
estimate the immense value of your national
union to your collective and individual
happiness; that you should cherish a cor-
dial, habitual, and immovable attachment
to it; accustoming yourselves to think and
speak of it as of the palladium of your
political safety and prosperity; watching for
its preservation with jealous anxiety; dis-
countenancing whatever may suggest even
a suspicion that it can in any event be
abandoned, and indignantly frowning upon
the first dawning of every attempt to alien-
a "The Bulwarks of Freedom," Bishop R.A.
Brown, 1959.
ate any portion of our country from the rest
or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now
link the various parts.
"It is substantially true that virtue or
morality is a necessary spring of popular
government. The rule indeed extends with
more or less force to every species of free
government. Who that is a sincere friend
to it can look with indifference upon at-
tempts to shake the foundation of the fab-
ric? Promote, then, as an object of pri-
mary importance, institutions for general
diffusion of knowledge. In proportion as
the structure of a government gives force
to public opinion, it is essential that public
opinion should be enlightened." 10
Action: Travel spot off. Curtain closes.
INSTRUCTOR. At the beginning of this
presentation it was stated that we would
examine the origins of American faith in
freedom and the cause for patriotism. We
asked whether patriotism and personal mo-
rality have anything in common.
In the succeeding period we traced the
formative stages of our heritage, and more
important, examined the character of the
individual men, the collective spirit which
made this heritage possible.
We have found that the freedoms and
liberties which we enjoy today were founded
by men not unlike ourselves. But, we have
learned that these men were patriotically
motivated. The patriots of yesterday were
men of social conscience. They were men
whose sense of belief, sacrifice, and honor
transcended personal ambition, personal
gain, or personal glory. The founders 'of
our Republic were men of vision; they were
patriots of personal morality.
You, too, must be motivated by these
same virtues, for you are the seed of to-
morrow.
Freedom In America, with liberty for all,
will stand or crumble by your acts and at-
titudes.
Action: Instructor spot off. Instructor
retires.. House lights on.
Script: "Adjustment to Military Service."
Copy, 4,000 words, 35 minutes. Six skits,
action, 1 minute each, 6 minutes. Eight
charts, action 1 minute each, 8 minutes.
Training aid, action, 1 minute. Total in-
struction time, 50 minutes.
Stage setting: Mounted "Soldier" and "In-
cidents of Discharge" Illustrations on 12-foot
easel, and mounted charts on 13-foot easel,
center stage, left and right, rear. On-stage
assistant with pointer standing by. Lighted
podium with microphone right of center
stage forward. All training aids masked.
Curtain closed. Instructor spot. and follow
spot standing by.
Action: Curtain opens, stage dark. In-
structor enters from right wings, walks to
podium, being picked up by instructor spot
(flesh).
INSTRUCTOR. During this period we are
going to talk about the Army, and this divi-
sion too.
Now, this should come as no surprise.
But, most important we are going to talk
about you. We will talk about you and the
Army, and the effect the Army and this divi-
sion, may have on you.
The title of this talk Is "Adjustment to
Military Service" and during this period we
are going to discuss three things: first, the
psychological aspects of the Army; second,
social aspects of mishavior; andthird,mili-
tary aspects of misbehavior (pause).
Action: Follow spot on. On-stage assist-
ant exposes soldier chart, 12 foot figure of
combat-ready Infantryman.
INSTRUCTOR. Here we have a figure of a
sharp, combat-ready soldier representing
14,000 men of the 24th Infantry Division.
10 Heritage of America, Commage & Nevins,
p. 211.
16437
Splenc.i.d chap. Well groomed, in full pos-
session cf his faculties, and firm of purpose.
This representative figure might be you at
the beginning of any 12-month ;period
(pause).
Action: On-stage assistant exposes illus-
tration t2, same figure reversed now wrecked
by sickness and injury. Tags indicate dam-
age: 970 NP cases, 234 serious incidents,
1,908 courts-martial, 360 board actions, 287
AWOL's, 17 deaths, 65,000 sick calls.
INSTarcrroa. And here, again representing
you, is this same 24th Infantry Division figure
twelve months later. Now wrecked by 970
NP cases. Reputation blackened by 234 Se-
rious Incidents. Limbs broken by 1,908
Courts-Martial. Crippled by 360 Board Ac-
tions. Damaged by 287 AWOL's. Heart-sick
through 17 deaths, and combat-health in-
jured by 515,000 sick calls,
These figures you see on the tags are actual
cases Involving men of the 24th Infantry
Division during the year 1959, a twelve month
period.
Yes. But these things happen to other
people you say. Don't be too sure. Here
are the adds of these things happening to
you. (pause)
Action: Traveling spot to chart #3: Odds
against the individual: Neuropsychiatric
Odds: 1 to 14, Serious Incident Odds: 1 to
60, Courts-Martial Odds: 1 to 7, Board Ac-
tion Odds: 1 to 39, AWOL Odds: 1 to 50,
Death Odds: 1 to 875, Sick Call Odds: 4 to 1.
INSTRUCTOR. If we extend these same rates
into 1960 these could be your chances of
becoming involved in an unpleasant, pain-
ful, or perhaps fatal experience.
Your chances of becoming a psychiatric
case are about one to fourteen.
Of being a party to a Serious Incident, one
in which both you and the government are
compromised, about one in sixty-one.
That you will be a defendant in some kind
of a courts-martial Is higher: one to ten.
That you will end your military career
through separation from the service by 208
or 209 board action: one to thirty-nine.
Your odd.s of going AWOL are about one to
seventy-two.
And of being killed during the next twelve
months, probably in an automobile acci-
dent, are a remote, but possible, one to eight
hundred seventy-five.
Your chances of going on sick-call how-
ever, are so high that It is almost certain
you will see your unit medical officer at
least once during the next twelve months.
The odd;;: four to one.
Action: Follow spot off.
INSTRUCTOR. In a most personal way, these
figures are not statistics a,t all. Each. inci-
dent represents a man in uniform who has
suffered some kind. of harm or damage while
in this command.
One of the listed incidents could represent
you in 10130, unless we can modify the causes
for these incidents.
Now, in nearly every case of AWOL, courts-
martial, board action, serious incident, psy-
choneurosis, Yes! and even sick call, some
mental aberation, some fault in the individ-
ual mental process, brought that person to
grief and sometimes, to a forced and painful
readjustment.
Since we can correlate many of our statis-
tics to mental attitudes perhaps we should
know more about the center of mental proc-
ess, the human brain, for the brain is the
controlling organ of the mind and body
(pause).
Action: Medical technician and assistant,
in whites, enter from wings, left, rolling
eight-foot mock-up of the human brain.
Two views, top and side: cerebrum, mid-
brain, pons, medulla oblongata, cerebellum.
Indicated: frontal lobe, fissue of Rolando,
parietal lobe, occipital lobe, temporal lobe.
Follow spot on brain (flesh).
INSTRUCTOR. This is a mock-up of the
human brain, the center of Intellect. Spe-
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 16436
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30
of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty tume enters center stage. Blue spot on.
God. I know not what course others may Speaks lines with French accent:
take, but as for me, give me liberty or give "Soon I came in sight of the camp. My
me death." 4 Blackout. imagination had pictured an army with uni-
Figure retires. Instructor spot on. forms, the glitter of arms and standards, in
Travel spot on, short, military pomp of all sorts. Instead
INSTRUCTOR. Even as Patrick Henry spoke of the imposing spectacle I expected, I saw,
in Virginia a few militiamen at Cambridge, grouped together or standing alone, a few
soldiers destined to become the core of the militiamen, poorly clad, and for the most
Continental Army, were facing British fire part without shoes many of them badly
with steel bayonets. armed.
And so the die was cast for liberty and "In passing through the camp I also no-
Washington became its executor (pause). ticed soldiers wearing cotton nightcaps
Just 22 years after his fatefil meeting under their hats, and some having for cloaks
with the French commander, George Wash- or greatcoats coarse woolen blankets, exactly
ington was nominated to command the like those provided for the patients in our
fledgling army of independence then fighting French hospitals.
in New England territory. "I learned afterwards that these men were
In the words of John Adams, member of the officers and generals."
the Continental Congress who made the Action: Blackout. Figure exists. In-
nomination, this is how Colonel Washington structor and travel spot on.
became the "Father of His Country", in June, INSTRUCTOR. That this band of ragged men
1775. This is John Adams speaking (stop). should perservere and win is the incredible
Action: Instructor spot, travel spot off, triumph of spirit over adversity-the success
figure in period costume enters center stage. of courage in the cause of freedom.
Blue spot on. Speaks lines: "Full of anxie- And win they did (pause).
ties concerning the confusion, and appre- There is a deep-seeded instinct in all of us
hending daily that we should hear very dis- which revolts against slavery of every sort
tressing news from Boston, I walked with Mr. and searches for liberty. In many instances
Samuel Adams in the State House yard for this dream has remained a dream. It has
a little exercise and fresh air, before the been viewed as unattainable, a utopia at
hour of Congress, and there represented to the end of the rainbow, because those who
him the various dangers that surrounded dreamed it did not possess the necessary
us. "I am determined this morning," I said, qualifications to transform their dream into
"to make a direct motion that Congress reality. In a few instances It has been made
should adopt the Army before Boston, and a fact, but thereafter liberty has been tar-
appoint Colonel Washington commander of nished by misuse and lost again because the
it." Accordingly, when Congress had assem- people did not perservere. Yet, whenever
bled, I rose in my place and in as short a people have coupled their dream of freedom
speech as the subject would permit, repre- with belief, and sacrifice, and honor, democ-
sented the state of the Colonies, the un- racy has been born and brought to ripe
certainty in the minds of the people, their maturity.
great expectation and anxiety, the distress Such an enterprise has, of course, required
of the Army, the danger of its dissolution, a special people. Not just any people, you
the difficulty of collecting another, and the understand, but a peculiar people who were
probability that the British Army would take willing to risk everything in order to create
advantage of our delays, march out of Bos- and maintain their vision of freedom.
ton, and spread desolation as far as they In our case it took Cavaliers who could
could go. I concluded with a motion that sacrifice their private fortunes in England
Congress would adopt the Army at Cambridge for the privilege of independence in a strange
and appoint a general. I had no hesitation land. It took individual heroes who would
to declare that I had but one gentleman in boldly ask, "Is life so dear, or peace so sweet,
mind for that important command, and that as to be purchased at the price of chains
was a gentleman from Virginia who was and liberty?" 4
among us and very well known to all of us, By this Instinct for liberty, and the will
a gentleman whose skill and experience as to make the dream a reality, the continental
an officer, whose independent fortune and patriots carried the war and achieved vic-
great talents, and excellent universal char- tory. (Pause.)
acter, would command the approbation of When Cornwallis, in the summer of 1781,
all America, and unite the cordial exertions placed his army at the end of the Virginia
of all the Colonies better than any other Peninsula, Washington saw the opportunity.
person in the Union, Mr. Washington." s By rapid movements the French and Amer-
Action: Blackout. Figure retires. In- ican land forces were united before Yorktown,
structor and travel spot on. while the French Navy closed the Chesa-
INSTRUCTOR. The appointment of Washing- peake.
ton as Commander in Chief of the Conti- The capitulation of Cornwallis meant the
nental Army, and the succeeding declaration downfall of the British Ministry and the end
of the 13 States for independence on July 4, of the war.
1776, was but the prelude to a 5 year struggle Following the defeat of the British Ameri-
of freedom, can pride and patriotism in the first flush of
Americans were a mass of husbandmen, mer-
chants, mechanics, and fishermen, but the
necessities of the country gave a spring to
the active powers of the inhabitants, and
set them thinking, speaking, and acting in
a line far beyond that to which they had
been accustomed.
This displayed itself in a variety of ways.
It was found that the talents for great sta-
tions did not differ in kind, but only in
degree, from those which were necessary
for the proper discharge of the ordinary
business of civil society. The great bulk
of those who were the active instruments
of carrying on the revolution were self-
made, industrious men. These, who by
their own exertions had established, or laid
a foundation for establishing, personal in-
dependence, were most generally trusted,
and most successfully employed in estab-
lishing that of their country. In these
times of action, classical education was
found of less service than good natural
parts, guided by commonsense and sound
judgment?
Action: Blackout. Figure retires. In-
structor spot and travel spot on.
INSTRUCTOR. And here we have arrived at
the crux of our subject. Liberty and free-
dom are achieved and maintained by in-
dividuals of personal independence guided
by commonsense and sound judgment. The
patriots of historical America, then, were
men of moral sensibilities who employed
these virtues for their country.
Yes, It took a special class of men; men
who transformed themselves from a mass
of farmers, merchants, mechanics, and fish-
ermen Into a disciplined army of patriots.
It took a special class of men to establish
as a fact what less sturdy people would hold
only as a dream.
It still does.
David Ramsay, speaking in 1789, pointed
up the force of patriotism In words that
are just as meaningful today. A patriot is
a man of social conscience who springs to
the service of his country in time of need.
A patriot is a man motivated by the ideals
of freedom and liberty. A patriot is a man
of ardor who experiences a vast expansion
of the mind in service to his fellow citizens.
Our forefathers, in short, were men of
personal morality who carved a great nation
out of the wilderness by the strength of
their personal will. They dedicated their
lives, their fortunes, and their sacred honor,
to transform their dream into reality.
Not all of them, of course. There were
some who, with selfishness and indifference,
thwarted the others at every turn. But there
were enough men of good faith, enough men
of personal morality, to build firmly, and
to protect the infant Nation against attacks
from without and within.
These virtues are no less vital today.
This is why we remind ourselves that the
security and defense of our inherited liber-
ties depend on our willingness to believe in
them now, to sacrifice for them today, and
Five years of bitter war lay ahead. Five secure independence rose to a high pitch. to protect them with our own sacred honor.
years of privation, suffering, and death. David Ramsay, a South Carolina physician, Subtract a modern belief, a modern sacri-
And 5 years of defeat, too, before the hope who had performed patriotic service in the fice, a modern virtue and the Constitution
was to become a reality. Revolution and had been exiled during the becomes a useless scrap of yellow paper. Sub-
What do you suppose these American period of British conquest, had this to say tract them and the American dream be-
patriots looked like? Were these soldiers about the war. (Stop.) comes a nightmare.
supermen to fight so long and so fiercely for Action: Instructor spot and travel spot True patriotism is a condition of the soul,
an ideal? off. Figure in period costume enters, center and heart and mind.
We have a vivid description of Washing- stage. Blue spot on. The bulwarks of freedom are internal.
ton's army written by one of them, a French "The American Revolution, on the one Freedom is not the right to do what we
volunteer named Chevalier de Pontgibaud. hand, brought forth great vices; but on the want, it is the power to do what we ought.
Pontgibaud joined Washington's fragmen- other hand, it called forth many virtues, and Freedom Is not personal license, it is social
tary army at Valley Forge in November 1777. gave occasion for the display of abilities responsibility.
This was his impression (stop). which, but for that event, would have been Causes are built on belief; on belief in
Action: Instructor and travel spot off. lost to the world. When the war began, the something higher than ourselves and beyond
Figure wearing "Continental uniform" cos- ourselves; in belief which is boldly pro-
""Heritage of America," Commager & claimed and realistically lived.
4 William Wirt, "Life of Patrick Henry." Nevins, p. 169.
5 Heritage of America, Commager & Nevins, T The Bulwarks of Freedom, Bishop R. A. Heritage of America, Commage & Nevins,
p. 144. Brown, 1959. p. 186.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
6. Factors of Stress in the Army, 5 by 6.
7. Signs of Maladjustment, 5 by 6.
8. Information, 5 by 6.
9. Incidents of Discharge, 5 by 10.
10. Graduate Amateur Psychologist, 5 by 2.
11. Cartoon, Fraulein and baby.
12. Don't be a Chump, 5 by 2.
13. Power of Reason, 5 by 6.
Stage property:
1. Blank pistol.
2. Hospital technician. gowns (2).
3. "Graduate" cap and gown.
4. Guardhouse prisoner uniform.
5. "MP" guard uniform, armband.
6. Simulated shotgun.
Personnel :
(A) Instructor, backstage manager, two
spotlight operators.
Actors: (1) George Washington, (2) Pat-
rick Henry, (3) John Adams, (4) Chevalier
de Pontgibaud, (5) David Ramsey.
(B) Instructor, onstage assistant, medi-
cal Technician assistant instructor, back-
stage manager? two spotlight operators.
Actors: (1) Psychology graduate, (2) Hell-
raising soldier and two medical technicians,
(3) Guardhouse prisoner and guard.
Script: "Patriotism and Personal Moral-
ity": Copy, 4,1500 words, 36 minutes. Two
skits, 7 minutes each, 14 minutes. Total
time, 50 minutes.
Stage setting: Podium, light, microphone,
right stage, front. Subject title, front of
podium: "Patriotism and Personal Moral-
ity." Easel, reproduction of U.S. Constitu-
tion. U.S. colors, division colors, center
stage.
Action: Curtain opens, travel spot on col-
ors. Instructor enters, salutes colors, ex-
poses subject title. Instructor spot on.
INSTRUCTOR. During this period we shall
discuss national unity. We will examine
the cause for love of country and the ori-
gins of American faith in freedom. In
brief-we will talk about patriotism and
personal morality.
But, we are not going to talk about the
"fife and drum;," or of a flag inscribed, "Don't
Tread on Me," or even about the Alamo.
These historical footnotes are a part of the
American heritage, it is true. However, let
us instead determine if patriotism and per-
sonal morality have anyting in common
and if these appeals have more substance
than a Fourth of July speech or a reenlist-
ment talk.
A patriot, it is said, is one who loves and
supports his government. or country.
Now, when we speak of love we are talk-
ing about an attitude of mind. Love can
only be a condition of a moral being. Love,
in the masculine sense, is an expression of
intelligence, of conscientious morality, and
of social responsibility. Patriotism, there-
fore, transcends personal gain, or glory, or
ambition. Patriotism is a term for the high-
est order of the mind.
Patriotism is a quality of emotion, too.
For a patriot 1:; motivated by conviction, by
faith in a cause. And, because patriotism
comprises both emotional and mental as-
pects, we employ symbols to stimulate or to
express patriotism.
In America we think of patriotic symbols
such as the flag or the Constitution. These
symbols are, of course, material aspects of
our love of country. But symbols detached
from their spiritual and historical context
have little significance.
Let us recall, instead the origins of Ameri-
can patriotism and view our heritage through
the men who created the symbols that we
cherish today.
Our principles of faith and conviction are
not casual standards. American patriotism
is a living force generated by men of high
moral character; patriots who committed
their lives, their fortunes, and their sacred
honor that you and I might perpetuate a
legacy of freedom. These patriots were men
who had a sense of duty beyond self. And,
the paramount symbol of this legacy is the
U.S. Constitution.
It should be remembered that the Con-
stitution was not formulated in a few days.
After the Declaration of Independence the
13 States framed constitutions of their own
from which many important provisions were
borrowed by the Constitutional Convention
and made a part of our fundamental law?
So it was in this background of historical
precedent that, 173 years ago, 55 dedicated
men met in Philadelphia and contrived a
statement of principle which became the
bedrock of our Republic.
These patriots chose to declare and estab-
lish an institution of free men in the New
World. The resulting document, the Con-
stitution of the United States, adopted July
2, 1788, prescribed the American system
of supreme law in a 52-word preamble and
7 articles.
The spirit of the Constitution is illustrated
by the wording of the preamble: (stop).
Action: Backstage voice enunciates pre-
amble over public address system: "We the
people of the United States, in order to
form a more perfect Union, establish justice,
insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the
common defense, promote the general wel-
fare, and secure the blessings of liberty to
ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and
establish this Constitution for the United
States of America."
INsTRucros. A further definition of rights
and freedoms was adopted in 1.790 through
the addition of the first 10 amendments.
But, the adoption of the Constitution did
not mark the origin of America's heritage,
or the beginning of American patriotism.
Rather, the Constitution was an assertion
of accomplished fact. Americans had won
the War of Independence some 7 years before
the Constitution was adopted.
The opening of the North American con-
tinent, the planting of new colonies in the
New World, and the struggle of European
countries for control over this new territory
had long preceded the document of perfect
union. Upon the emergence of the English
as the supreme power in what is now the
eastern portion of North America, colonists
of European stock could look back on a his-
tory of human endeavor that was 169 years
old.
All of these factors shaped the American
temper and political philosophy and ulti-
mately, the Constitution.
What, then, were the events that precipi-
tated a revolution against the English
crown? And what kind of men were the
idealists, the people of towering will, who
created a new nation in the wilderness?
First, we must remember, the history of
the Nation was created by her citizens. And
much of the color, drama, and adventure of
this history was recorded by actual partici-
pants and observers. Thousands of vivid
narratives have been written by the soldiers,
the statesmen, the merchants, and the edu-
cators who were the builders of our Nation.
Perhaps we can begin to grasp the stature
of these pioneers, Presidents, and politicians
by listening to their hopes, and despairs, the
joys and sorrows they experienced. Per-
haps their words will convey an indication
of the moral character which shaped a na-
tion (pause).
Our search for the origins of American
faith In freedom must begin prior to the
Declaration of Independence. We must note
the early cause for love of country.
George Washington must be our first
choice in the procession of American giants.
Not the George Washington who forced a
British surrender at Yorktown in 1781. No,
our Washington is a young English-commis-
sioned major who, in the winter of 1753-
I The Constitution of the United States,
Thomas J. Norton.
54, was dgstlned to mark the beginning
of the Seven Years' War in America; the war
which decided that an English and not a
French civilization would dominate the con-
tinent. And what does Major Washington
say of this event? Here are his words (stop).
Action: Instructor spot and travel spot
off. Figure in period British military dress
moves to center stage. Blue travel spot
on. Delivers Washington's lines, "I was
commise,io:ned and appointed by the Hon-
orable Robert Dinwiddle, :Esquire, Governor
of Virginia, to visit and deliver a letter to
the commandant of the French forces on the
Ohio River. We arrived at Venago on the
fourth of December where we found the
the French colors hoisted. at a house from
which they had driven Mr.. John Frazier, an
English subject. I immediately repaired to
it to know where the commander resided.
There were three officers there, one of whom
informed me that he had the command of
the Ohio but that there was a general officer
at the near fort where he advised me to ap-
ply for an answer.
They told me that it was their absolute
design to take possession of the Ohio, and
by God, they would do it. On the evening
of the 15ah. I was inquiring of the commander
by what authority he had made prisoners
of several of our English subjects. He told
me that the country belonged to them; that
no Englishman had a right to trade upon
these waters; and that he had orders to make
every person prisoner who attempted it on
the Ohio, or the waters of it." 2
INSTRUCroa. Leaving Fort Le Boeuf the
young major of Virginia militia brought
back valuable information about the French
intentions and strength.
A little later Washington, promoted to
lieutenant colonel, was enlisting and drilling
men for service against these French tres-
passers. One of the greatest American
careers had fully opened (pause).
Washington served in the British forces
throughout the war with France. Tem-
pered, hardened, and experienced in military
art, he retired as a colonel.
As the war years receded relations between
the cor..tinentals and George the Third
rapidly worsened culminating with the de-
struction of the King's taxed tea in Boston
Harbor on December 17, 1773.
The punitive acts of British Parliament
against the Province of Massachusetts fol-
lowing the Boston Tea Party resulted in the
adoption of a plan for a General Congress
of the Colonies which met in Philadelphia in
September 17 74.
And in Virginia, Patrick Henry uttered
the clan.>ic phrase, "Give Mme liberty or give
me deato;" (stop).
Action: Instructor spot, travel spot off.
Figure in period costume enters center.
Blue spot on. Speaks Patrick Henry lines:
"If we wish to be free; if we mean to pre-
serve inviolate these inestimable privileges
for which we have been so long contending;
if we mean not basely to abandon the noble
struggle in which we have been so long
engaged, and which we have pledged our-
selves never to abandon until the glorious
subject of our contest shall be obtained-
we must fight. I repeat it, sir, we must
fight. An appeal to arms, and to the God
of hosts, in all that is left to us * * * It
is vain, air, to extenuate the matter, The
gentlemen may cry, "Peace, peace." But
there is no peace. The war has actually be-
gun. The next gale that sweeps from the
north will bring to our ears the clash of
resounding arms. Our brethren are al-
ready in the field. Why stand we here idle?
What is It thatthe gentlemen wish? What
would they have? Is life so dear or peace
so sweet; as to be purchased at the price
2 The Heritage of America, Commager &
Nevins, p. 113.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 16434
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30
whether that was why he undertook to colla-
borate with the enemy.
But I do know that it didn't work. It
didn't work for anybody. And it never has.
And you know American history. If you
go back and read about Benedict Arnold,
it's one of the best examples of just how it
never works.
He died in disgrace in England among the
very people he helped.
This is the inevitable end of the guy who
wants to make a deal.
Well, the next point in the Code of Con-
duct is equally an ethical one. It says you'll
keep faith with fellow Americans. You won't
do anything or say anything to hurt them.
And why? Why do we say this? Everybody
knows you can't hurt other Americans. You
get court-martialed for it, or arrested.
Well, there were incidents, a number of
them in Korea, in which somebody would kill
somebody else, another prisoner.
There was a case in New York last year,
tried and convicted of murder, a man who
had thrown two other men out of a hut.
Now, the facts were that the hut was in the
mountains of North Korea. They were pris-
oners. The two men had diarrhea, a severe
dysentery. And they were smelling up the
hut. So the fellow threw them out. Now
the fact is that it was 30? below zero outside
the hut, so the two men died almost imme-
diately.
Well, we didn't put this point in the Code
of Conduct to try and correct the behavior
of that inhuman character who threw the
two sick men out of a hut. We know no
words are going to change him at all. Any
large enough group of people contains some
characters like that.
What we're worried about is, the 40 other
American soldiers who were in the hut at
the time.
Because when we asked them about the
incident we would say, "Soldier, did you see
that man throw those two sick men out of
your hut?" "Oh, yes, sir," they would say.
"Well, what were you doing at the time?"
"Well, I was huddling together there with
the rest of the guys, trying to keep warm.
It was the only way you could keep warm."
"Oh, then you knew it would destroy these
men to throw them out?" "Well sure."
"Well, what were you doing about it?" "I
wasn't doing anything except trying to keep
warm" "Well, why-didn't you do something
about it soldier?" "Because," the answer
would come, "it wasn't any of my business."
Keep faith with your fellow Americans.
That's why it is in the code.
This sort of thing happened more than
one time.
Another point in the code of conduct says
something about what we are doing with
leadership. And it's the most blistering com-
ment upon the quality of leadership among
us. And I mean leadership at the foreman
level, at the squad leader level, at the gun
crew level. at the supermarket level. Be-
cause now the code of conduct finds it neces-
sary to say to Americans, "Soldier, if you
are captured by the enemy, and if you're the
senior man, take command. And if you're
not the senior man, support and back up
the man who is." "Because," we tell them,
"your life depends upon it."
And it literally does. In combat or cap-
tivity, under any kinds of stress.
And yet, authority seems to be in disre-
pute and leadership is undertaken on the
basis of popularity contests now, and where-
as you might run a unit all right in a State-
side camp-by being popular, by getting peo-
ple to do what you want because you treat
them right, if they treat you right, we find
it doesn't work when that same nice guy,
that everybody calls by his first name, tells
the rest of his men that they are going to
charge up a hill and take a machine gun
nest. Because all the other fellows in his
unit look at him and figure "Well, he's an
awfully nice guy, but this is strictly his prob-
lem."
He is not a leader.
And this happened in Korea.
We saw kids die-literally become ill and
die-because specifically they abandoned
the principles of leadership or did not follow
adequate leadership. Or did not give leader-
ship their support. Not in some blind ultra-
militaristic fashion, but intelligent support.
Some kids did assert their individuality
sometimes. Like the kid who was drinking
rice paddy water. Do you know what they
fertilize rice paddles with? Well, he was
drinking the water. And the senior person
came up to him and I don't remember if it
was a colonel or a sergeant, but some equally
high rank, and said to him, "Soldier, don't
drink that water. You have been told that
ever since you left the States. It has got
human waste in it. You'll catch disease.
It'll make you sick, and you'll die"
The soldier, who had been told this pos-
sibly a hundred times, and who could smell
the water for himself, simply finished drink-
ing the water, and looked up at the sergeant
or colonel, or whatever he was, and said:
"Buster, you just run along. You are
nothing but a damn prisoner like me. You
can't tell me what to do."
And, gentlemen, this is a terrible mistake.
As that kid found out.
So something has to be done about lead-
ership, in the shops, in school, in the Boy
Scouts-that's where it starts.
Then we have the point about name, rank,
and service number. Let's have a word
about that.
In Korea it was demonstrated, as it has
been in every war in our history, that for
the overwhelming majority of prisoners, the
best defense the soldier has is to behave
like a soldier, and give only his name, rank,
and service number. It is the man who
talks that is singled out for interminable
abuse. The man who talked the least got
along the best.
Now, if they're going to single out an indi-
vidual and torture him, we don't expect him
to stand up to name, rank, and service num-
ber. That's ridiculous. But in this initial
sorting, in the initial picking out of who
you are going to use, every intelligence
agency on earth picks out the man who is
anxious. And they pick him out because
his anxiety shows. Because he talks. So
this is what we are trying to teach.
And finally we say to the soldier, "Don't do
anything or say anything to hurt the United
States of America." Why? We know that
people don't go around and spout off against
the United States of America. But how
about the kid who wrote the big lie about
Pittsburgh? And how about the kids who
recorded tape recordings so that their moth-
ers could hear their voices and know they
were still all right, when the price for this
was belittling something about the Korean
war, and the slaughter of innocent civilians,
something about the Chinese Peoples Volun-
teers, and how well they were being treated?
That's quite a price to let your mommy
hear your voice.
It was a price fully used by the Commu-
nists. Those things have been reproduced
all over the world.
So we have to say it in the code of con-
duct.
Now these are our problems. We are try-
ing to overcome them within the service,
using the code of conduct as a point of
departure in other kinds of training. But
we need a tremendous amount of help. And
we need the help a long time before a man
gets into the military service.
Action: Instructor spot off. Assistant in-
structor retires. Instructor returns, in-
structor light on.
INspauc roR We have seen and heard about
this ever-present conspiracy and evil weapon
from men who know it exists, and ho0v it is
being used against us. They have given us
much food for thought. They have told
us in their different ways and varied fields,
that we must first believe in a superior being,
then in ourselves, and in our history and
heritage.
We must constantly be on the alert for
these devises used by our enemies that are
pitfalls that will lead us down the road to
our own destruction, which will make us
slaves to the Communists who will then gov-
ern our world.
We have a lot to think about, and to be
on the lookout for and to act upon. There
are many areas that need rebuilding, but
lest we forget, our first realization must be
it will take all of us to defeat this enemy
who is at our front as well as our back doors.
Any psychological attack can be defeated
by spotting it, isolating it, and then by
crushing it in public indignation.
I believe like all true Americans, lovers of
liberty, that in this mental war we have
far less to fear from the fallout, and much
more to fear from the danger of the ever-
present sellout.
We must never lose our will to resist,
whether this resistence be physical or men-
tal. We must diligently keep the watch over
our inhereted freedoms, that were so dearly
paid for by our forefathers.
In conclusion let me leave you with this
thought. A great American, Daniel Webster,
said, "Eternal vigilence is the price of lib-
erty." Your liberty demands your vigilence.
Action: Instructor light off. Instructor
retires. House lights one senior instructor
enters. Instructor light on. Dismisses class.
Lesson plan: Second 2-hour block of in-
struction.
Subject and duration:
(A) "Patriotism" and "Personal Morality"
(script attached), 50 minutes.
(B) "Adjustment to Military Service"
(script attached), 50 minutes,
Place: Theater.
References:
(A) "The Heritage of America," Heath &
Co.; "Our Flag," DD pamphlet No. 5-8; "The
Bulwarks of Freedom," Bishop RA Brown.
(B) "Lecture Outlines for Enlisted Men on
Personal Adjustment Problems," WD Tech
Bul, TB Med 21; "Lecture Outlines for Of-
ficers on Personnel Adjustment Problems,"
WD Dept Tech Bul TB Med 12; "The Living
Body," Best & Taylor; "Adjustment to Mili-
tary Life," Basic Tug Talk No. 1; Chart,
"Incidents of Discharge, Army," Fort Belvoir;
Hiss Act, 68th Stat. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD,
September 1, 1959; Status of Forces in Ger-
many, Bonn Convention; Convention of
Rights & Obligations, Germany; Discussion
of German Jurisdiction, SJA 24th Div.; Uni-
form Code of Military Justice, Col. F. B.
Wiener; Manual for Courts Martial, United
States, 1951.
Type of instruction:
(A) Lecture, skits, visual and audio illus-
trations.
(B) Lecture, skits, visual illustrations.
Instructional aids:
(A) Podium, podium light, instructor
spotlight, follow spotlight, public address
system, 2 mikes, national and unit colors,
chart, U.S. Declaration. Costumes: (1)
British Army uniform (one); (2) Period
dress, U.S. Revolution (three); (3) U.S. Rev-
olution Army uniform (one).
(B) Podium, podium light, instructor
spotlight, follow spotlight, public address
system.
Charts:
1. Combat-ready soldier & reverse side
(soldier injured by "incidents"), 5 by 12.
2. Odds Against the Individual, 5 by 6.
3. Mockup of human brain, 6 by 8 (board
mounted).
4. Cartoon, frogman, 5 by 6.
5. Motivation, 5 by 6.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
ments alone can be considered brainwashing,
,any more than an apple can be called an
apple pie. Other ingredients have to be
added, and a cooking process gone through.
So it is brainwashing, with indoctrination or
atrocities, or any other single ingredient."
INSTRUCTOR. We have seen how these
various ingredients of dialectical materialism
mixed with summit talks, plus the constant
threat of war, plus coexistence, have been
carefully put together by the conspirators of
communism to prepare the dish for our eat-
ing, when it is not really good for our exist-
ence, but food for our destruction.
We have reacted to this mental stimuli
of the Communists as the dogs in Professor
Pavlov's experiments reacted to the stimuli
of lights and electricity. The entire concept
of brainwashing is based upon the experi-
ments of Professor Pavlov. Instead of lights
and food, which are physical, the Commies
have substituted words, ideas, hopes, and de-
sires which are mental, as stimuli to make
us react to their strategy and tactics. It is
our minds that the monsters of the Commu-
nist conspiracy are after. If they have our
minds they can make our bodies do their
work for them. This is the real idea be-
hind world communism.
I believe that before we can understand
this subtle war for our minds we will have
to look at the proving grounds for this con-
cept. These proving grounds were the pris-
oner-of-war camps in North Korea, from 1950
to who knows when, for there are still 500
Americans behind the Iron and Bamboo Cur-
tains who are still being involuntarily brain-
washed.
Another expert is needed here to clarify
this subject for us. I will call on Major
Mayer, who was the Army psychiatrist on
the Korean prisoner study project. Major
Mayer has interviewed and examined the
completed records of more than 1,000 Amer-
ican soldiers released from PW camps in
North Korea. After careful study of both
the men and their records, let us ask him
what he had learned.
Major Mayer, sir, can you tell us what you
found out that can help us fight this evil
conspiracy, both as civilians and soldiers.
These are the words of Major Mayer.
Action: Instructor spot off. Instructor
retires, assistant. instructor enters and stands
before podium. Instructor spot on.
ASSISTANT INSTRUCTOR. A group of men was
called together by the President, and they
drew up a thing called the Code of Conduct.
A very remarkable document.
It consists of 247 common, familiar English
words set into a series of half a dozen
articles, each of which contains principles
which are so obvious that everybody knows
them, and it seems a little ridiculous that
there seems to be a need to put them down
into some kind of a code.
But be not deceived.
The principles In the Declaration of Inde-
pendence, and I mean no irrevant com-
parison, are also very obvious and truthful
ones.
And these principles in the Code of Con-
duct, which we have always before assumed
successfully and correctly assumed, that
Americans knew and used as a basis for be-
havior, were demonstrated point by point in
Korea-and this is the reason for the Code
of Conduct--to be deficient, to be inade-
quately understood or acted upon-to the
very serious detriment of our own people.
Now, when the President announced this
Code, and it's a rare military document that
is announced by the Commander In Chief,
you know-when he announced this Code,
he said, "This is not a plan for how to be a
good prisoner, you know. We are not teach-
ing people to be prisoners of war. This is
not our mission,", he said. "It is a code of
standards of behavior for any fighting man,
fighting any kind of a battle."
And then he went on to say:
"Furthermore, it is a Code.of Conduct for
every American. It sets standards we must
live by, or we are not going to live."
So, let's examine these points In the code
which reflect the specific failures in Korea.
The first one says, "I will never surrender."
What do we mean? Give up? Yes. But
not in the simple military sense. We don't
just teach men that it's against the law to
surrender your troops-that's perfectly ob-
vious.
No, we saw another kind of surrender in
Korea. We saw a kind of phychological sur-
render that was fatal. There was a disease
there that killed hundreds of troops, which
the medical service had no name for, so the
prisoners named it. They called it "Give-
up-itis." This doesn't sound like much.
But it was a disease of the passive, the de-
pendent, the rater inadequate, the kid who
was awfully insecure. The fellow, who
couldn't tolerate this being isolated from
other soldiers, or the rest of his unit. The.
kid who cried himself to sleep at night, who
talked about his mother a lot. Who brooded.
Who threw down the dirty old food, because,
even though it would keep you alive, it was
dirty, and he didn't like it.
Then he would crawl into a corner by him-
self and pull a blanket over his head, and
in 48 hours he was dead. Dead. Not
starved to death, no physical disease present,
just dead.
Hundreds of Americans died in this fash-
ion. They were not psychotic, they were not
insane. They knew what they were doing.
They made the most profound of all human
surrenders. And any physician has seen this.
Among patients we see it sometimes among
abandoned infants. We have never before
seen it among 18- to 22-year-old adult males.
Not on any scale like this. Never surrender.
Well, aren't we trying to teach persever-
ance? Aren't we trying to teach fighting
against odds and obstacles? And is the
Army or the Navy really the place to teach
this? Isn't this an old-fashioned American
characteristic?
It's in the Code of Conduct because not
enough people practiced it.
And the next point in the code says, "If I
am captured, I will continue to resist." It
doesn't mean that we want people to knock
out the teeth of the nearest guard-because
you can get a hole in the head if you do that.
We want them to resist this way. We want
them to be active, contriving methods of re-
sistance, however small, all the time. From
the standpoint of their mental health alone
this is absolutely essential. But, also, here
is a picture of two men, in a conspiracy
against the enemy, two men who come back
closer buddies.
This is what they were lacking. This is
what we are trying to teach. It takes two
or more. You can't be an individual here.
And it's the same with escape. We tell them
you must try to escape, and you must help
others to escape. -
Why? Because when escape came up for
discussion in POW camps-we are very dem-
ocratic In the military now, so everything
gets discussed and voted upon, including
surrender sometimes-and when escape came
up for discussion, people said, "Oh, don't
mess around with that, they'll take it out
on the rest of us."
And yet, escape is the primary mission
of a soldier who is captured, any kind of a
soldier, any branch of soldiering. And we
found that this didn't succeed because men
couldn't get together for the purpose of or-
ganizing escape committees. They couldn't
trust one another well enough, don't you
see?
There was quite at lot of informing, and
It compromised the plans. There wasn't the
internal organization you must have to
escape.
In fact, of some 4,000 Americans who sur-
vived 3 years of captivity in 12 separate
camps, guarded by as few as I armed guard
per 100 prisoners, never, not once in the
course of the entire Korean war, did a single
American successfully, permanently, escape
from any established POW camp.
Some evaded near the time of capture,
some were recovered from initial collecting
points. But, never did a man succeed In an
engineered or planned escape-and stay away.
That's never before happened in our his-
tory.
We found camps--camps holding as many
as 500 or 600 Americans--guarded by as few
as 6 armed guards.
This was astonishing.
No maehinegun towers, no guard dogs, no
electric fences or searchlights. And yet, no-
body got out.
And where were the other 594 Chinese
who should have been guarding these Ameri-
cans? A-?: least 594? Why, they were down
on the 38 h parallel shooting Americans.. It's
a much more efficient way to run a war.
In contrast to this on Kobe-Do and C:hede-
Do where we had a great number of Chinese,
I admit, but still, where we had them on
islands, from which there 'was no place to
swim really, surrounded by magnificent
barbed wire complexes and all kinds of de-
vices for controlling people, we committed
an airborne regimental combat command,
now that's 5,000 armed to the teeth, auto-
matic weapons, crack infantrymen, and then
another regiment, and then. another-just to
control the Chinese, whom we had already
defeated.
And where should those 15,000 or 18,000
troops have been? Why, they should have
been down on the 38th parallel shooting
those 594 Chinese.
Now you multiply that nasty little busi-
ness in Korea, which everybody knows was
just a police action--you multiply that by
a 100 or 154) division general war and you've
got yourself quite a problem.
So we tell them-try to escape. But, we
tell them., you have got to do it with other
people, Individualism doesn't mean that,
as an individual MGM production type hero
you get out all by yourself. Escape is a mili-
tary operation. You're a soldier.
The next point in the Code of Conduct
gets completely away from military things.
It doesn't even pretend to be military. It's
spoken In the language of the military,
however. It says, "If I am captured by the
enemy, I will accept no favors and I will
not give him my parole," which means of
course, "my promise to be a good boy, if he
makes me a trustee." But, you know this
is a principle you have tried to teach your
children. It's a principle in every basic
religion on earth. It's a very simple moral,
but also a. very practical principle.
Put into other terms, it reduces itself to-
you cannot compromise with evil. You can't
make a dean with your enemy, you just can't
do it, any deal he makes with you, when he
is in the driver's seat is going to be for his
benefit-and not for yours. And if you have
principle, or a value system, you cannot
compromise with what you believe to be
wrong.
But enough people thought they could
make a deal, so that this principle now has
to be in the Code of Conduct.
Now t:aey give all kind of excuses. I
know a colonel who said to me, "I ingrati-
ated myself with the enemy, and did what
they wanted, because I felt that by doing so,
I could get on their good side and exercise
a beneficial influence in behalf of the other
prisoners."
Well, I have no way of knowing. Psychia-
trists have no special access to the ultimate
truth. I don't know whether this is just .an
excuse, or whether he now believes it. Or
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 16432
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30
advances the Communist conquest, is a
peaceful act (pause) if they take a gun, they
take a peaceful gun (pause), containing
a peaceful bullet (pause) and kill you peace-
fully (pause) and put you in a peaceful
grave."
Communist guard and prisoner enter stage
from left, red spot on the action. Prisoner
kneels, and shot is fired at "Kill you," pris-
oner falls over "dead". Spot off, and in-
structor spot returns on.
INSTRUCTOR. This is what the Communist
conspirators mean by dialectical materialism.
Can anyone in his right mind believe or con-
done such actions or not believe that it could
happen to us and to our country? If they
do, they better start acting like the ostrichs
that they are. Because the arch criminals of
the Kremlin have been using these tactics
successfully against us for more than 20
years.
This little skit and the story presented by
Dr. Schwarz are the peaceful methods of the
Communists when they control a country
and want it to remain "peaceful." This is
how they work in a conquered country. How
do they capture a country, say like ours?
The Communist leaders cannot afford to use
bullets in taking over a country. It's not
the cost of the bullets that stops them, this
Is not the way the Communist mind works.
The arch conspirators are afraid of the dam-
age that bullets cause to both man and
machinery.
In the psychological battle for the control
of a nation the Commies use bullets shaped
like words and ideas. Another code word
of the Commies today is war. It has a defi-
nite meaning to us, but to the criminals of
the Kremlin it means something else again.
Today's Communist leaders have realized
that for them the methods of warfare have
changed. The form of war has changed in
accordance with their long-range plans for
controlling the earth. Another expert, who
has written three books on brainwashing, the
psychological warfare weapon of the Com-
munists, is Edward Hunter. Mr. Hunter also
stated to the same committee as Dr. Schwarz,
the following concept that is behind the
meaning of the word "war" to the Communist
masters. Mr. Hunter, if you please.
Action: Voice over public address system
offstage: "The Communists have discovered
that a man killed by a bullet is useless. He
can produce no coal. They have discovered
that a demolished city is useless, Its mills
can produce no cloth. The objective of
Communist warfare is to capture intact the
minds of the people and their possessions,
so that they can be put to use. This is the
modern conception of slavery that puts all
others in the kindergarten age."
INSTRUCTOR. When we think of war, we
visualize death, carnage, ruin and all the
other brutal aspects of physical violence.
Not so the Commies. They see and use war
as a psychological technique. In the field
of psychological warfare there has come a
new concept, the brainchild of the evil Com-
munists. It is psychopolitical warfare. One
of this concept's best weapons is psychologi-
cal dislocation, which is simply the breaking
down of the enemy's will to resist. In order
to break down our will they have infiltrated
and penetrated the leadership circle of all
spheres of influence by softening up and
creating a defeatist state of mind. Included
in this is the penetration of our educational
system, to first control the so-called objec-
tiveness of our teachers and through them,
the minds of their pupils.
What is Communist "objectiveness"? This
is the readiness to believe Communist prop-
aganda and promises. Their first target, in
this area, was to liquidate our attitudes on
what we recognized as right from wrong and
what we use to accept as absolute moral
standards. Through this use of educational
objectiveness the conspirators have sown
doubt and confusion. This has allowed
them to substitute the so-called sophistica-
tion of dialectical materialism for the unso-
phisticated attitude of believing in the
standards of morality. This method of op-
eration has been successful to the extent
that it is unsophisticated and even corny
to be a patriot or even to believe in God.
If you believe in the rights of man granted
In our Constitution, and that they are in-
alienable in the eyes of both man and his
God, then you belong to the stone age, so
say the Communists. If we do not believe
in the rights of man we are ripe and ready
for the Communists because here is what
the father of communism (if you can call
him that) Karl Marx, said about our indi-
viduality and our belief in God.
Action: Voice over offstage mike: "The
democratic concept of man is false, because
it is Christian. The democratic concept
holds that each man has a value as a sov-
ereign being. This is the illusion, dream
and postulate of Christianity."
INSTRUCTOR. Here yet, is another voice
shouting down the concepts of man and his
beliefs in a Christian-Judeal doctrine, where
man guided by God is supreme. This is
Adolph Hitler.
Action. Voice over offstage mike: "To the
Christian doctrine of the infinite signifi-
cance of the individual human soul, I op-
pose with icy clarity the saving doctrine of
the nothingness and insignificance of the
individual human being."
INSTRUCTOR. These two architects of evil,
Hitler and Stalin's predecessor, are very
clear in their denunciation of the Christian
rights of man. Today's Communist leaders
believe the very same things.
History is very clear and concise in letting
the facts talk for themselves when it comes
to the motivations of such men who follow
In the footsteps of Hitler, Marx, Lenin and
Stalin. Once the Commies have us bending
backwards, in being objective, they slip in
the next step in their propaganda technique.
Using their twisted logic again, they say,
isn't it true that everything changes? Then,
if this is true, what used to be right can now
be wrong, and what once was wrong can now
be right. The Communist minds steeped in
conspiracy, and duped by their own weapons
of dialectical materialism, have to believe
this as a natural outcome of this diabolitical
logic.
To clear-thinking people, who have access
to historic truths, clear time-tested moral
precepts of right will always be right and
wrong will always be wrong will always
stand. It has been like this since the begin-
ning of time and it will remain that way
when time runs out.
One of the clearest` thoughts in history
that logically refutes the entire concept of
dialetical materialism is the quotation by
Aristotle, "If the means are evil, the ends
are evil."
Of course, the Commies had to twist this
one around to justify their existence and say
that "the ends justify the means." This
statement alone is proof that the Communist
mind is designed and aimed at destroying
history and creating a new history that glor-
ifies and justifies their conspiracy.
Another key tactic of this conspiratorial
strategy is the use of propaganda techniques
whereby they can subvert the ideologies of
American character and principle.
They have exploited the principles of our
Constitution (freedom of speech, press, ex-
pression, etc.) by exposing our best sides
as weaknesses of our national character.
Here is a for instance:
A few years ago all the personnel depart-
ments of industry looked for the qualities
of leadership as a key to employment, espe-
cially with the idea in mind for advance-
ment, through creativeness, within the
organization. But not so today. Most or-
ganizations in this day and age have taken
the cue from sociology in changing the key
a
from individuality to conformity. We no
longer ask if a man is a go-getter, but.-
whether or not he gets along in order to live
"the good" life. So it was made easy for
the Chinese when these Americans be-
came prisoners for they had already been
conditioned to the psychology of getting
along. These Americans only reacted in the
way they had been taught. Never mind any-
one else, just try to get along. They had
completely forgotton that they were prison-
ers of their enemies. They had been so con-
ditioned that the only thing they could do,
with and under very little pressure, was to
conform, even if it meant further indoctri-
nation or edubation in the form of commu-
nism government.
So, it was evident that the young soldier
who broadcast for the Communists was just
getting along.
The latest code word that has been given
the free world by the master conspirators is
the term "coexistence." Through infiltra-
tion, penetration, subversion and indoctri-
nation they have succeeded in making us
think and talk "coexistence" as if it were
the end itself, while in the other parts of the
world, like India, the Commies frankly ex-
plained that this coexistence is merely in-
tended to give us an easy way to choose our
road to communism.
Another little gimmick that the Commies
use in their plan to destroy our will to re-
sist Is by causing doubt, confusion, and
apathy in the making of treaties and agree-
ments. It is very easy to sit down at the
conference table with the Communists and
negotiate anything that you wish, so long as
it does not require actual concessions by the
Communist world, but requires only such
concessions by ourselves.
Let's let the record speak for itself. Here
is the record of summit talks with Russia.
Action: Offstage voice over public address
system: "Twenty-four major agreements
were reached. Twenty-three out of the 24
have been violated by the Communists.
During the same time our Secretaries of
State have conducted six conferences with
the Soviet Foreign Ministers. At these con-
ferences 16 major agreements were made.
Of this number, Russia violated 14."
INSTRUCTOR. Yet we are willing to once
again sit down with these people and make
agreements that we know they will break
in the hopes that the arch criminals of the
Kremlin will change into good men. This
is like having, "Typhoid Mary" as your baby
sitter and hoping the children won't catch
typhoid fever, or having "Mack the Knife"
turn in his switchblade.
Everything that we have discussed here
today falls within the area of brainwashing
or, in military terminology, mind attack,
because phases of the Communist strategy
are aimed at the minds of men.
Once again we shall call In an expert to
tell us about this subject. This expert was
the man who first introduced the term brain,
washing into the English vocabulary. This
man Is Edward Hunter, who spoke to us
earlier. Let us ask Mr, Hunter this question
and get his answer.
Mr. Hunter, what exactly is the term brain-
washing?
Action: Voice of offstage public address
system: "A more exact term in the military
lexicon would be mind attack. We are ac-
customed to such terms as infantry attack,
air attack, and naval attack. Mind attack
simply recognizes a new dimension to the
kinds of war used against armies on the field
or against peaceful populations.
"Brainwashing consists of two processes,
a softening up and an indoctrination proc-
ess. Each of these is formed out of a set
of different elements: These elements are:
hunger, fatigue, tenseness, threats, violence,
and in more intense cases where the Reds
have specialists available on their panels;
drugs and hypnotism. No one of these ele-
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
You see, the American soldier in Germany
1s the American Government in the eyes of
the German public. Our attitude, yours and
mine, and our action as representatives of
America, must reflect a conscientious respon-
sibility and an understanding of American-
ism.
Equally important, we must maintain the
good will and the good name of America
overseas. You and I must be active citizens
in service.
In conclusion I want to leave this thought
with you. Nineteen hundred and fifty-nine
marked the closing of an epoch-the end of
free security for Americans.
The challenge to freedom in the 1960's
must and will be met, by American citizens
in uniform who replace optimistic fatalism
with a fighting will to preserve our great
heritage-yours and mine.
Script: "Communism and the Soldier's
Code." Flynn copy, 4,200 words, 32 minutes.
Mayer speech, 18 minutes. Total, 50 min-
utes.
Action: House lights and instructor spot
on senior instructor as he introduces the
period. Instructor leaves stage all lights
out. Curtain opens one-third to expose
table and two chairs, with prisoner of war
and interrogator seated. Follow spot red.
Interrogator speaking in rough voice.
INTERROGATOR. Stupid American. All you
can say is Burton, David, Ra, blah, blab, born
November 12, 1932. Don't you know that
it pays to tell us all that you know? Not
from the viewpoint that you will be giving us
military information. We already have all
this. Where you were trained in the States,
how long you have been over here. We
know your unit.
Action: Interrogator pauses, rises in front
of prisoner of war who continues to stare
ahead. Interrogator makes angry gestures
and says:
INTERROGATOR. Pig. Can't you understand
that we have liberated you? You are freer
here than you have ever been in your whole
life. We want to be your friends. We want
to help you along the wonderful road to true
freedom (pause).
If you won't answer friendly questions
perhaps you'll answer to my fist.
Action: Prisoner of war continues to stare
ahead, remaining silent. Interrogator strikes
prisoner of war. Well dressed senior officer
enters from stage right observing action in
shocked silence, then speaks.
SENIOR OFFICER. Fool What are you
doing?
Action: Interrogator comes to attention,
facing senior officer. Senior officer walks in
front of him, slapping him in face. Inter-
rogator looks astonished.
SENIOR OFFICER. Imbecile. What are you
trying to do to this prisoner? Intimidate
him? Hurt him? Don't you know this type
of treatment is against the Geneva Con-
vention?
Get out. I will deal with your stupidity
later. Now I must try and console this
man for the miserable way in which you
have treated him.
Action: At this the first interrogator
leaves room. Senior officer looks at prisoner
who now has a look of confusion about
him.
SENIOR OFFICER. I am truly sorry that you
had to be subjected to that horrible man's
tactics.
Action: Senior officer pulls pack of cig-
arettes from pocket, offering one to the
prisoner.
SENIOR OFFICER. Here, have a cigarette. It
will settle your nerves and help you forget
that pig's actions. You and I are intelli-
gent men, not animals, therefore we can
talk and act like human beings (pause).
Go ahead, take one.
. Prisoner reaches for cigarette, finally
takes one and looks at senior officer who
takes out lighter and lights the cigarette.
Prisoner takes drag and relaxes slightly.
Senior officer takes seat behind desk.
SENIOR OFFICER. I have just taken over
this camp and my observations of the con-
ditions and treatment of you men is hor-
rible. l: want to change' all of that. And,
I need your help. You, as an intelligent
man, can tell me some of the things that
are wrong, and what I can do to make your
life more decent and human.
Action: Prisoner shows signs of reacting
to new treatment and then blurts out: "We
are all sick from the starvation diet. There
is no medical treatment for our sick and
wounded. Your guards treat us like dogs."
Action: Prisoner realizes what he has done
and site, down with head between hands ex-
pecting punitive action or sudden outburst.
Instead he is shocked as the officer says:
"Can this be true? If it is I will see that
it is changed immediately. How can we
hope to win you to the true freedom if we
treat prisoners like that."
Action: At this the prisoner looks at the
officer with hope in his eyes. Officer changes
his voice and speaks in conversational voice.
OFFICER. You know, I have been in your
country. I like the people I met there very
much. As a matter of fact I was educated
in Chicago. What part of the States do you
come from?
PRISONER OF WAR (haltingly). I'm from
the Middle West.
Action: Curtain closes immediately and
lights go out. Instructor comes to podium
right stage and instructor light comes on.
INSTRUCTOR, You have just witnessed a
scene very familiar to many Americans who
fought In the Korean War.
The technique used here, called "threat
and rescue" by psychologists, places the pris-
oner at the mercy of a bully, the bad guy.
Then, when the staged violence reaches the
point of physical attack, a second Commu-
nist actor, the good guy, rescues the pris-
oner.
Having established himself as the prison-
er's protector the second Communuist in-
itiates a friendly conversation. This, of
course, 'leads to revealing matters of military
intelligence.
The technique used here is clever. Yes,
but even more, it is diabolical. Before we
can come to understand this technique, we
must first understand the type of a mind
that developed such a technique and why.
It took a conspiratorial mind, not a cre-
ative mind, to devise such a devilish tech-
nique.
Let's get one thing straight in the begin-
ning. We are in a war. It is a total war. It
it is a war for the minds and the souls of
men, It is a psychological war that some-
times breaks out into a shooting war like
Korea and Vietnam, but it is still. war.
When you have an enemy he must be bad.
He cannot be a little bad, and a little good.
I repeat, the enemy must be all bad. In
war there is only black or white. No shades
of gray can be 'tolerated,
With whom are we at war? We are at
war with the Communists. Communism is
our natural enemy. Let's first look at the
reasons why we are at war with commu-
nism in the words of a great, able, and
loyal American, J. Edgar Hoover, the Direc-
tor of our Federal Bureau of Investigation.
Many years ago, Mr. Hoover gave us his
warning gained through his knowledge of
the inner workings of the Communist con-
spiracy that we were in a life or death strug-
gle with the forces of evil represented by
communism. Let us ask Mr. Hoover. Mr.
Hoover, can you tell us your definition of
communism?
Action: Voice over public address sys-
tem offstage: "Communism is not a politi-
cal ideology but an international conspiracy
designed to undermine all other legally con-
stituted ?;overnments."
INSTRUCTOR. This is a marvelous piece of
deduction. It strips the cloak of respecta-
bility from those who say communism is a
political idea and should be treated as such.
It shows eeoanm.unism for what it is-a con-
spiracy to take over the minds, bodies and
governments of all mankind. It puts the
conspiracy of communism right where it
belongs, an the field of crime. It thereby
makes ccin:munism, Communists, and all
those other misguided fellow travelers crim-
inals of the highest order, not' only because
they commit crimes against each other but
because they commit the most cowardly
crime of all: "Treason", upon all freedom-
loving peoples of the world.
We have started with this fact. Now let's
go on and explore the strategy and tactics
of this ccuspir.acy. In order for us to fully
understand the problem facing us, it might
be wise to have Mr. Webster, of dictionary
fame, give us his definition of the terms
"strategy" and "tactics." Mr. Webster, sir,
what is the definition of strategy?
Action: 'Public address system backstage
on: "Strategy is the science and art of :mili-
tary command employed with the objective
of meeting the enemy under conditions ad-
vantageous to one's own force."
INSTRUCTOR. And now "tactics," please, Mr.
Webster.
Action: Backstage public address system:
"Tactics La the art of arranging and ma-
neuvering troops or ships in action or in
the presence of the enemy, or any skillful
or clever device for gaining one's ends."
INsTRuCToR. The Communist strategy is
aimed at our minds. It is not concerned
with the movement or employment of our
troops. It is designed to condition our
minds and mold our individual and na-
tional character so they can lead us down
the road to communism without firing a
shot.
The strategy of conspiracy is further
aided by the Communist tactics of skill-
fully using devices of infiltration, subver-
sion, and indoctrination as weapons to gain
their objective of eventually taking over
the entire world, and if allowed, the uni-
verse. These Communist tactics are aimed
like bullets at the heart of our free society,
our constitutional government. They are
aimed at changing our minds and destroy-
ing the principles upon which we live.
Let us take a look at how they can do
this and how they disguise this strategy.
The very :first thing these conspirators did
was to steal and interpret Hegel's philos-
ophy of dialetical materialism. It is a
fancy title and hides the real forces of the
conspiracy.
In good old English, this is nothing more
than the using of code words that have a
separate and distinct meaning to the com-
mies. These words are not new. They have
been used by civilization for a long time.
It is the new meaning that is important In
understanding their tactics and overall
strategy. The question now is: How do
they use these code words against us to lead
us to our own destruction?
It is very simple.
For instance, here is the word "peace."
It means a great deal to us. What does it
mean to Communist leaders as witnessed by
their own words and actions? Let's bring
in another expert to tell us about this.
Dr. Fredrick Schwarz, an expert on the
Communist mind, was consulted by the
Committee on Un-American Activities. Dr.
Schwarz, please tell us what you told this
committee.
Action: Instant spot off. Curtain opens
one-third Voice over offstage public ad-
dress system: "'Any act, however brutal, and
no matter how many people are killed, that
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30
Without this essential element, free enter-
prise will not work. It is reduced to groups
of businessmen outsharping one another in
the shady practice of animal survival.
Without the sensitive individual con-
science, even the dignity of man is a myth,
for without a conscience man is not digni-
fied. He is reduced to the level of an animal,
as the theory of Communist dialectical ma-
terialism attempts to prove-and as the
death camps of another dictator, Adolf Hit-
ler, so clearly shows.
So, we've got to start With the individual.
The very fact that men believe that they
can govern themselves assumes that there is
an acceptable standard of conduct to which
each of us, can, and must conform, in our
relations with one another. If we do not
conduct ourselves in this conscientious man-
ner, it is inevitable that we will be forced
to conform to a standard imposed by others.,
Today, you and I must be the conscien-
tious man. You and I must dedicate our-
selves to the causes which support liberty
(stop)
Action: Instructor exits. Podium light
off. Assistant exposes chart No. 6 (10 by
15) "Freedom and Responsibilities."
FREEDOM
1. Religion, speech, press and assembly.
2. Choose leaders by secret ballot=peti-
tion for grievances.
3. Movement at home and abroad.
4. Educational, social, political, economic
opportunity-equal protection under law.
5. Own property and contract in personal
affairs.
6. Choose own occupation, bargain with
employers and employees.
7. Compete in production-bargain for
goods and services in free market.
8. From arbitrary government regulation
and control.
9. From arbitrary search, seizure, deten-
tion of person or property-speedy public
trial by impartial jury.
10. From torture, cruel, unusual, or de-
grading punishment-treatment.
RESPONSIBILITIES
1. Tolerance of the beliefs of others.
2. Vote conscientiously-maintain active
interest in civil government.
3. Respect rights and customs of others.
4. Assure equal opportunities-further
individual and national well-being.
5. Employ and conserve resources-con-
duct personal affairs legitimately.
6. Contribute useful production-resolve
differences justly and fairly.
7. Fair-ethical business practices.
8. Guard against granting arbitrary pow-
ers to government.
9. Assist, uphold, and insure justice, law,
and order.
10. Maintain vigilance against illegal, un-
fair, or injurious practices.
Traveling spot on chart and assistant.
Instructor spot on.
ASSISTANT. The Honorable Charles E. Wil-
son, then Secretary of Defense, published in
1955 a booklet called "Militant Liberty." In
it he said: "Liberty is like a coin. One
side offers rights and privileges to the In-
dividual. The other side requires the ac-
ceptance of corresponding responsibilities."
First, let us consider the freedoms guar-
anteed by our Constitution.
Now, these freedoms are basic to a free
people. People almost anywhere in the
world believe that they should have these
ten freedoms. However, these freedoms did
not originate in America, although they are
Included in our Bill of Rights. These free-
doms have been inherent in people for cen-
turies. As a matter of fact, in the Golden
Age of Greece some of these freedoms were
believed and practiced. The whole Judeo-
9 "Militant Liberty," Secretary of Defense,
Nov. 2, 1955.
Christian heritage has indicated that these
freedoms are God-given and born in the
spirit of man.
We know that some of these freedoms were
stated in the Magna Charts of the British,
that they appeared in the liberty, equality,
fraternity concept of the French, and that
more and more people all over the world are
becoming aware of them, and demand them
for their own. These beliefs are a part of
people everywhere. They may not be in
practice but they are believed. These free-
doms are not easily achieved or lightly re-
tained. For every freedom there Is a cor-
responding responsibility. If the individual
desires freedom, No. 1, he must accept the
corresponding responsibility No. 1.
If any group of people refuse any single
responsibility, they run the risk of losing
all of the freedoms.
Of course, it's comparatively easy to legis-
late these freedoms--to make a law stating
that these freedoms are available to all. But,
and this is the difficulty, it is impossible to
legislate individual responsibility. Personal
responsibility which supports these free-
doms, for you and me, is "Citizenship in
Service."
Liberty, then consists of two parts: The
freedoms and the responsibilites.
Let's note briefly the freedoms in our Bill
of Rights and compare them with the un-
spoken, but implied, responsibilities.
The first one says something about free-
dom of religion, speech, press, and assembly.
Now, if we cherish these freedoms for our-
selves, then we must fight for the tolerance
of the beliefs of others.
The next freedom states that Americans
have the freedom to choose their leaders by
personal secret ballot-and the right to pe-
tition for grievances. Well, isn't it obvious
that, if we want these for ourselves, that we
must defend the right to vote conscien-
tiously-and to maintain active interest in
civil government? The third one gives us
the freedom to move freely at home and
abroad. Of course, this freedom demands
that we respect the rights and the customs
of others In the areas in which we travel.
Next, if we believe in freedom for edu-
cation, social, political, and economic oppor-
tunity for ourselves-with equal protection
under law, then we are equally bound to as-
sure equal opportunity, and further indi-
vidual opportunity for all, and to further
national well-being.
The fifth point guarantees our freedom to
own property and to contract in personal
affairs-very vital to our incentive system, of
course. Well, aren't we then responsible to
conserve resources and to conduct our per-
sonal affairs for legitimate and productive
purposes?
And, what about our freedom to pick our
own occupation? And the right to bargain
with employers and employees? Doesn't
this freedom imply that we are equally re-
sponsible to contribute useful production
and to resolve our differences, both in labor
and in management, on a fair and just basis?
Closely allied to this is our freedom to com-
pete in production and to bargain for goods
and services in a free market. These free-
doms underlie our entire private business
practice. It is pretty obvious, therefore,
that to protect this freedom we are obligated
to accept responsibility for fair and ethical
business practices.
The next area covered in the Bill of Rights
is Government control. If we demand free-
dom from arbitrary Govrnment regulation
and control, then we must guard against the
granting of arbitrary powers to Government;
and we do this by the power of our vote, and
by knowing the issues we vote upon. Free-
dom number nine says that Americans shall
be free from arbitrary search, seizure, or
detention of person or property, which
means, of course that Americans need fear no
midnight knock on the door by a Gestapo
police force. But, we will retain this security
1
of home and person only by accepting the
responsibility to assist, uphold and insure
justice, law and order for all other Americans.
And, finally, if we believe in freedom from
torture, cruel, unusual, or degrading punish-
ment or treatmet for ourselves, then we must
be responsible to maintain vigilance against
illegal, unfar, or unjurious practices against
others (stop).
Action: Traveling spot off. Instructor re-
turns to podium. Instructor spot on.
INSTRUCTOR. Make no mistake, The Intent
of the Communist conspiracy is to deprive
you and me, and all other free people in the
world, of these freedoms. It is the avowed
aim of communism to destroy human rights
and to reduce all men to the servants of the
State-the Communist State.
A new privileged class, a new royalty, has
arisen from the ashes of Czarist Russia.
These privileged few are the card-carrying
Communist Party members. It is this small,
organized, ruthless, power-seeking group,
comprising less than 20 million fanatics
in the world, who threaten all free men with
a return to world slavery-to the dark ages
of serf and master.
We can judge the success of these evil men
by taking a look at Soviet territorial expan-
sion since 1939 (pause).
Action: Assistant exposes chart No. 7-
"Soviet Territorial Expansion Since 1939."
Follow spot on.
INSTRUCTOR. The important thing about
this chart is its illustration that less than 20
million Communists have enslaved more
than 822 million people. This represents
nearly 29 percent of the world population.
This is a huge conquest for a government
that professes to oppose colonialism and im-
perialism.
It is also important to note that the terri-
torial conquests of communism halted with
the formation of the North Atlantic Treaty
Organization-otherwise known as NATO
(pause).
Action: Assistant fixes slap on sign to East
Europe-"Halt. NATO."
INSTRUCTOR: The 15 member nations of
NATO, of which we are 1, have said to the
Communist aggressors, "This far and no far-
ther-or we will fight." And the Commu-
nists have halted in their imperialistic sei-
zure of weak nations and have backed away.
Strength, in other words, is the only thing
that the Communists will respect.
Now, it is fairly obvious that America
alone, with a population of 180 million, could
not long resist the Communist-directed effort
of 822 million people working to destroy us.
Our freedoms could not long endure if, with-
out allies, we were to face the industrial pro-
duction, and superior manpower, of these
Communist-driven people.
But, the free people of the world can and
have, successfully halted the march of the
power-hungry, totalitarian conspiracy by
joining forces in disciplined ranks for free-
dom.
This is why the American in uniform fills
a vital and significant role in Europe. You
and I with the other freemen of NATO, have
stopped Communist aggression in Europe.
This fact materially effects the security of
our families and domes in America.
And, let's get one thing straight. These
agreements between allies, these written for-
malities, are put on paper, certainly. But-
their ultimate authority and effect rest with
the people, on the individuals, of the coun-
tries involved.
Put another way-our NATO pact is based
on the honor, good will, and cooperation of
the Americans and Europeans who make up
the charter. This is why the American sol-
dier must be an ambassador in uniform.
First, we must be enthusiastic and con-
vincing In stating our principles of freedom.
And, second, we must respect our host
country so that this shield of freedom will
remain firm and strong.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
1961
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Butter (1 kilogram) : United States, 49 min-
utes; Italy, 403 minutes; Japan, 327 minutes;
U.S.S.R., 425 minutes. (d) Sugar (1 kilo-
gram) : United States, 7 minutes; Italy, 83
minutes; Japan, 27 minutes; U.S.S.R., 144
minutes. Traveling spot on.
INSTRUCTOR. And, here is another stand-
ard of comparison take-home pay, expressed
in average income.
The average per capita income in Russia,
and this means yearly salary divided by the
number of people in the household, the
average per capita income for each Russian
is $308 per year, when rubles are expressed
in dollars at the international exchange rate.
The U.S. average per captia anual in-
come Is $1,733, or more than five and a half
times that in the U.S.S.R 6
But this revealing comparison tells only
part of the economic story. Even the wide
difference in income, shown by these two
figures, does not accurately reflect the dif-
ferences in the individual standard of living.
A better index is the labor index-how much
time, in labor, does a worker pay for the
necessities and comforts of life.
Let's take just four common food Items as
typical indicators of the national economies,
and match the work price, In minutes of
working time, required to buy these items in
four different countries.
Here we have listed bread, beef, butter, and
sugar, all common food items-with the work
price in minutes each of these things cost
In the United States, in Italy, in Japan, and
in Russia.
An American, as we see, works 12 minutes
to earn 1 kilogram of bread (about 2
pounds), a Russian, 17 minutes. An Ameri-
can, again, pays 34 minutes in work for 1
kilogram of beef; a Russian, 200 minutes.
An American pays 49 minutes for 1 kilogram
of butter; a Russian, 425 minutes. And,
lastly, an American pays 7 minutes for 1
kilogram of sugar; a Russian, 144-and he
may have to pay even more now in order to
subsidize Cuban sugar which his Govern-
ment has agreed to purchase from Castro.
Recent figures show, in fact, that the Rus-
sian has to work longer today to buy the
same items than he did 32 years ago (News-
week magazine).
The wage prices for these same commodi-
ties in Italy and Japan are also shown for
illustration. In 'these two countries the dif-
ferences are even more astonishing.
In the commori coin of human labor, which
is the only real exchange any of us have, it
is apparent that the American democratic
process, and American free enterprise, offer
material awards far exceeding those provided
by any other society in the world. A free
economy creates more real wealth for all to
share, than any other economic system de-
vised by man.
Think about this.
And, freemen, in the American democratic
climate, live longer to enjoy these benefits
(pause).
Action: Assistant exposes chart No. 4 (5 by
6)-"Male Life Expectancy: 6 United States,
67.3 years; U.S.S.R., 61 years; Mexico, 37.9
years; India, 32.5 years.
Follow spot on.
INSTRUCTOR. American longevity, due to
better medical facilities, higher level of hy-
giene, balanced diet, better housing, and
safer working conditions, is about the high-
est In the world. In fact, by way of com-
parison, the average American can look
forward to twice the years on earth than
can his counterpart in India.
American male life expectancy is 67.3
years; in India it is 32.5 years.
This is quite it difference. And, remem-
ber, we're talking about the length of your
life.
6 Economic Almanac, 1956.
s Statistical Abstracts of United States.
These brief comparisons show the results
of incentive and energy of a free people.
The better things of life, and the measure
of our stature as a Nation, are everywhere
about us in educational opportunities,
limitless economic horizons, and increasing
time for the pursuit of happiness.
It is a self-evident fact that Americans,
endowed with an enduring and practical
government, have achieved a greater pros-
perity than any other people in the world.
These advantages, these material bless-
ings, are not "pie in the sky."
This is reality.
These are real ham and eggs for break-
fast. They are decent homes for our fam-
ilies. And they are health and long life
for ourselves and our children.
But, this-after all, Is only a small part
of the dream.
Of greater significance than our progress
from material poverty, at the time of the
American Revolution, to our present full,
and promising life, is the richness of our
cultural and spiritual heritage. For it is
from the strength of our national morals
that all other benefits accrue. It is to the
concept of, "The Rights of Man," and the
respect for legal process, that Americans
owe the advantages of this fruitful land.
Embodied in our Constitution and Bill
of Rights are spiritual freedoms never be-
fore achieved by the human race. And it
is upon these spiritual precepts that our
moral courage and convictions are, and must
be, anchored.
You and I agree, I am sure, that indi-
vidual dignity, and equality in Justice for
all, are cherished "rights": that religious
freedom, freedom of speech and assembly,
and security of person and property are
characteristic of our society.
These foundations are the bedrock of
America's strength. These are the articles
by which our forefathers established "jus-
tice and domestic tranquillity in the land."
Under these articles, Americans have thrived
for 173 years.
Are these concepts worth transmitting to
future generations of Americans? Are free-
dom and liberty worth preserving?
The alternative to freedom is subservience,
regimentation, and peonage. The require-
ment for survival is citizenship. To us this
means citizenship in service-for the real
strength of America lies in the collective
strength of our will to remain free.
Action: Assistant flashes sign, "Citizenship
in Service."
INSTRUCTOR. What is "citizenship in serv-
ice"? What can you and I do to strengthen
America? First, let's keep in mind that
citizenship in service means a basic under-
standing of the principles of a free society.
We must understand, and be able to explain,
the philosophy of liberty and freedom. The
challenge of our foe, the dictatorship of
world communism, must be met through the
dynamic: action of Informed citizens.
By political doubletalk Communists at-
tempt to make plausible the aims of com-
munism; its inevitable triumph as the wave
of the future; and the wisdom of joining the
winning team.
This is part of their design for our destruc-
tion.
It is important to remember that Com-
munists are well educated in the develop-
ment of our democracy. We citizens in uni-
form must be equally motivated, enthusias-
tic, and educated so that we may be capable
of defending, and explaining, our democratic
principles. Menaced as we are by commu-
nistic tactics of aggression, we must seek re-
vival of our strength in the spiritual founda-
tions which are the bedrock of our republic.
American democracy, and in fact, any
democracy, is the outgrowth of the religious
conviction of the sacredness of every human
life. On the religious side its highest em-
bodiment is the Bible; on the American
political side, the Constitution.
16429
As has been said so well, "The U.S. Con-
stitution Is the civil bible of Americans."
We must learn more about it (pause).
Action: Assistant exposes chart No. 4: (5
by 7)-"Mockup of U.S. Constitution."
Travel spot on..
INSTRUCTOR. If you read closely the full
text of the Constitution you will discover
that each clause and word in it was care-
fully designed to protect you-your life, your
liberty, and Your property. 'The Constitution
is a coat of mail which man himself fash-
ioned for his own protection, and which lie
has changed. from time to time so that this
protection might be more complete. Each
American, including you and me, is pro-
tected against the abuse of power by his
representatives in Congress. We may dis-
miss these public servants at election time,
or by impeachment. And we can appeal to
the courts. We can dismiss our President
by impeachment or by ballot. And, we can
remove our judges for lack of good behavior.
Our Government, therefore, is not our
master, as the kings and the dictators have
always been, but our servant.
Now, it's perfectly obvious that the prin-
ciples of our Constitution were not formu-
lated in a day. This document is the result
of hundreds of years of trial and error, In
the management of human affairs.
Even as our forefathers declared their in-
dependence in 1778, some Americans had
lived under written charter from the English
Crown for 169 years. During that long pe-
riod many of the English Colonies were
practically self-governed. In fact, many of
the principles now in our Constitution were
adaptations of what the colonists had
worked out in experience while they were
subjects of the English Government. We
can trace many other provisions of our Con-
stitution to ancient principles of English
law which, in turn, had evolved from Roman
law. We can see, then, that the principles
which serve American freedom today have
served the cause of freedom for generations,
yes, for many hundreds of years.
We know that these principles of liberty
and freedom, human dignity and human
rights, did not appear in our Constitution
by chance. The formulation of this docu-
ment required the courage and conviction
of intelligent, dedicated rnen-men who
possessed the vision to avoid the pitfalls of
partisan politics and personal ambition.
America bad such men in 1786, the year
the U.S. Constitution was written.
The Constitutional Convention, which laid
the foundation for our Constitution, includ-
ed men o? extraordinary ability. Of the 65
members of this group, 31 were experienced
in law. The Convention of L786, which had
been called to remodel the Articles of Con-
federation, under which we governed our-
selves after the Declaration of Independence,
cast these Inadequate articles aside and
drafted an entirely new instrument of gov-
ernment. This document, our Constitution,
created the most successful government free
men have ever known .7
The U.S. Constitution is it code of liberty
and law under God, and the common denom-
inator of its philosophy is the sensitive, con-
scientious actions of the individual.
This is the hard fact of democracy.
No democratic practice or process can work
without the presence of one essential ele-
ment: the sensitive individual conscience.
Man, or at least enough men, must be re-
sponsive to their rights, their obligations,
and their responsibilities in a democracy to
make it work. Without the is essential ele-
ment, democracy will not work. It becomes
a ruthless struggle for power. Without this
essential element, capitalism will not work.
It becomes economic imperialism, the ex-
ploitation of one group by another.
7 "The Constitution of the United States,"
Thomas J. Norton, 1956.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 16428
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30
tions to be answered in about 15 minutes.
These test sheets will be turned in to Colo-
nel Bert, Deputy Brigade Commander, chair-
man of the curriculum committee. Results
of the test will be forwarded to senior unit
commanders concerned.
"Citizenship in Service" will be terminated
by a 30-minute critique.
The remainder of this hour will be con-
cerned with the first two subjects, "Citizen-
ship in Service," and "Getting Along in Ger-
many." There will then be a 10-minute
break, followed by the presentation of sub-
jects three and four.
Your first instructor is
Action: Music, "Army Goes Rolling Along,"
in and up. Travel spot off. Assistant re-
moves chart. Music out as senior instruc-
tor exits immediately followed by first in-
structor.
Script: "Citizenship in Service" and "Get-
Copy: 2,500------------------------- 24
Charts:
1-1 at 8 minutes each-------------- 10
6 at 1 minute each---------------- 6
Total-------------------------- 40
Stage setting: Immediately following in-
troduction. senior instructor, curtain
opens, instructor enters. On-stage assistant
and charts center stage. Instructor spot on.
INSTRUCTOR. The American dream, the goal
of abundance and freedom for all citizens, is
challenged by a new peril as Americans enter
the decade of the sixties. Violent and tu-
multuous world affairs mark this new age.
For the first time since the victorious con-
clusion of the American Revolution, Ameri-
can security is seriously challenged by an
alien, hostile force.
Our foe is not a remote and distant enemy.
Today, right now, our enemy treads arro-
gantly on the very threshold of the American
home, yours and mine.
This new aggression has shocked and con-
fused the American citizen. Our character
and personality is unwilling to admit that
our home is subject to Invasion, that democ-
racy Is under attack, and that our way of
life is in jeopardy. Yet, our very national
existence, the future of America as a world
nation, depends an an understanding that
an era has ended and that continued op-
timistic fatalism could spell the collapse of
our Republic.
If democracy should be destroyed with it
would vanish, also, our great national abun-
dance, and the American concept of individ-
ual freedom.
This is the reason why you and I must
clearly understand the stakes in interna-
tional affairs. We must take a hard look
at the future of America in the light of
developing foreign threats to our security.
We must see clearly the personal and na-
tional advantages of American free enter-
prise, American liberty, and American jus-
tice. We must be convinced that the attack
on our system of government is a direct at-
tack on each and every one of us.
We are in a war. It is a total war. The
prize for the loser of this war Is national
oblivion.
New, let's be honest about our interest in
world affairs. Let's admit that we are, in
fact, political illiterates when it comes to
understanding, really understanding the im-
plications of diplomatic maneuver, or
political coercion, and of "fabricated" in-
cidents. These matters occur every day. You
and I read about them in our papers, hear
about them on radio, and know that they
are discussed as International politics. But,
what do they mean to you and me?
Very simply, these actions are the strategy
and tactics employed by a powerful enemy
determined to destroy us. These are the
tools used by the dictators to dismay, divide,
and, eventually, destroy America. Despite
this evidence we are reluctant to admit that
a foreign Ideology, and the danger of an alien
dictatorship can affect us personally.
This "optimistic fatalism" has its origins
in the protective geographic character of the
American Nation. Americans have devel-
oped an attitude of aloofness from world af-
fairs because, for 180 years, we enjoyed a free
security.
As the American historian C. Vann Wood-
ward remarked, "U.S. geographical good
fortune shaped the American character." 1
Two oceans and a polar ice cap were
nature's gift enabling the United States to
maintain national security inexpensively
(pause).
Action: Assistant exposes chart No. 1.
Polar projection of North America, Russian
Asia, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Traveling
spot on. Assistant points to natural obstacles
protecting America (5 by 10).
INSrR.uc'roR. This boon permitted Ameri-
cans to exempt their youth from the long
training in military discipline that was
routine in other nations. It insulated us
from the reality of totalitarian ambition.
For nearly 200 years Americans, protected
against aggression by the natural barriers of
oceans and land masses, developed a society
of freemen and free Institutions. A broad
frontier, free land, and inexhaustible natural
resources permitted the development and
growth of the American Standard of living,
and incidentally, of our system of Govern-
ment.
This isolated, complacent, cheerfully op-
timistic position ended with abrupt finality
with the launching of the Russian sputnik
on October 2, 1957 (pause).
Action: Assistant fixes following slap-on
illustrations to chart No. 1. (a) Aerial ar-
row, originating in Russian Siberia, crossing
polar region and striking Chicago area with
nuclear explosion. (b) Aerial arrow, origi-
nating in Atlantic, crossing east coast and
striking Pittsburgh area with nuclear explo-
sion. (c) Aerial arrow, originating In Pa-
cific, and striking San Francisco area with
nuclear explosion.
INSTRUCTOR. Free security is gone forever.
Now we must create the militant discipline
which, alone, can save our Nation. Now we
must fight for our freedom, for our homes,
and for our lives. No longer can we conduct
"business as usual" behind the moat of
oceans and breastwork of land masses to the
north and south. Americans are now ex-
posed to attack on all fronts, and from all
quarters. We have arrived suddenly and
unexpectedly, at a critical moment in world
history. Americans, in 1960, face the pain-
ful necessity of ridding their national char-
acter of complacency. We must steel our-
selves for a long, expensive, and risky battle
for survival. If we cannot meet this chal-
lenge, we face the inevitable decline of na-
tional sovereignty, the destruction of democ-
racy, and the loss of freedom.
The defeat of the dictators, and their de-
sign for world conquest, demands an alert
and determined American public.
Why? Because the destiny of the Nation
and the will of the individual are indivisible.
The spiritual strength of our Republic lies
in its people, you and me.
This fact is the legal foundation of our
national power.
The preamble to the American Constitu-
tion is very clear on this point. The Con-
stitution says, "We, the people." The Con-
stitution does not speak of, "We, the Gov-
ernment," or "We, the Federal States."
No. The supreme document of American
democracy states, "We, the people." There-
fore, if you and I are to enjoy the heritage
of American freedom, and if we desire to
transmit this heritage to our children, then,
"we, the people" must strengthen our na-
tional character, and steel the national will,
so as to preserve this institution of freemen,
Now, we've talked of character, and free-
dom and democracy in America. But what
do these concepts mean to you and me?
What do we mean by the "American heri-
tage"? Is this a good social order? Are we
convinced that it is worth fighting and per-
haps dying for? Is this something about
"pie in the sky"? Or, is freedom something
worth preserving for ourselves and for fu-
ture generations?
Let's bring these ideals, these words about
freedom and democracy, and the American
heritage-let's bring these thoughts down to
the level of ham and eggs, of take-home pay,
and down to the level of family security.
Here are some thoughts for our considera-
tion.
Action: Assistant exposes chart No. 2: (5
by 6) "Food and Housing," (a) Left half of
chart: bar graph of 2.8 billion world popula-
tion equals 1 billion adequate diet and 1.8
billion inadequate diet. Caricature of hun-
gry face, empty bowl. (b) Right half: rec-
tangular rooms equal 80 percent U.S.S.R. in
one-fourth room per person; or one Russian
family per room; 80 percent United States
of America in 1.5 rooms per person, or six
rooms per family. Travel spot on.
INSTRUCTOR. As 1960 began, the world pop-
ulation stood at 2,800 million people.
Now, the fact is that two-thirds of the
world's people, or about 1,800 million men,
women, and children, don't get enough to
eat. India, for example, imports 3 to 4 mil-
lion tons of grain annually. Even with these
food imports the average Indian lives a short
life on a substandard diet, a starvation diet.2
But, in America, due to natural resources
and the intelligent development and use of
agriculture, our problem is not hunger, but
overabundance. Our granaries, our farms,
and our food stores burst with the produc-
tion of a generous land. In fact, we have
taken 22 million acres of farmland out of
production so as to reduce the American
food supply?
Or, consider another basic human need-
shelter. We must remember that the vast
majority of the world's people live in primi-
tive, vermin-infested homes which are little
better than huts. Few of these homes have
such refinements as running water, sewage
disposal, or other comforts which you and I
take for granted. Most of the people of the
world live in an environment little changed
by the industrial revolution-the social
change that replaced animal and human
muscle with the strength of machinery.
This is the technology which has given
Americans a "nylon" civilization-and which
is the envy of people everywhere in the
world.
In most countries even privacy is beyond
price. Russia is a good example of this
point. Although the U.S.S.R. Is thought to
be one of the more highly developed nations
of the world, her citizens have little share
in this economic development, or in living
space. It, is estimated that 80 percent of
the Russian population live in no more than
one-fourth of a room per person. Or about
one room for each Russian family.
This is crowded living (pause).
In America the same percentage of the
population have 11/2 rooms per person, or
about six rooms per average American
family.,
Action: Assistant exposes chart No. 3
(5 by 6) -Work versus food. (a) Bread (1
kilogram) : United States, 12 minutes; Italy,
44 minutes; Japan, 350 minutes; U.S.S.R., 17
minutes. (b) Beef (1 kilogram) : United
States, 34 minutes; Italy, 329 minutes; Japan,
350 minutes; U.S.S.R., 200 minutes. (c)
2 Time magazine, Jan. 11, 1960.
3 Time magazine, Jan. 11, 1960.
* Economic Almanac, 1956.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 1961
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 16427
Instruction schedule: "Citizenship in service program." Period covered: Apr. 26-Jury 29 (11 instruction weeks)--Continued
MUNICH AREA-Continued
Week
Time
Subjects
Location
Umts concerned
Allot-
Mont
July 4-82.............
............................................
......................................
--------..........--?----------.-._.....-----------
-
-
July 18-22:
-
3 1st Transportation -----------------------------
100
34th Artillery -----------------------------------
200
Monday (18)--.-.
1430-1630
1st 2-hour block as in Monday above ......
Warner Theater, Warner Kaserne
92d Artillery -------------------------------------
200
(capacity, 940).
11th Artillery --------------------...,---_--_-_._
200
Total --------------------_...----------
700
Wednesday (20) ---
1430-1630
2d 2-hour block as in Wednesday above___
Same--------------------------------
Same ...... -,-._-.___..__-_-__--______...-_____-_--__
_.__.__
Friday (22)_______
1430-1630
3d 2-bour block as in Friday above-------.
Same -----------------------------
Same __------------------------------------------
--------
Maximum Mu
-----------
---------------------------------------------
---------------------------------------
----------- ---------- -------
-----------------------------------------------------
...-----------
31000
nich total for
nich
period.
-
Maximum total
-
-
----------------
------------------??------- ---------...-----------
6,810
Munich-
Au gsburg
area for
period.
Type of instruction: (A) Address, (B) ad-
dress, (C) lecture, skits, visual illustrations;
(D) lecture, skits, audio visual illustrations.
Instructional aids: (A) Podium, podium
light, instructor spotlight, follow spotlight,
public address system, national and unit
colors, record-martial music.
(B) Podium, podium light, instructor
spotlight, follow spotlight, public address
system, record, "The Army Goes Rolling
Along," chart, curriculum "Citizenship in
Service."
(C) Podium, podium light, instructor
spotlight, follow spotlight, public address
system. Charts: (1) Polar projection, North
America-U.S.S.R., 5 by 10 frame; (2) food
and housing, 5 by 6 frame; (3) work versus
food, 5 by 6 frame; (4) male life expectancy,
5 by 6 frame; (5) citizenship in service, 2 by
5 frame; (6) Declaration of Independence,
5 by 6 frame; (7) freedoms and responsibili-
ties, two 5 by 13 frames; (8) Soviet territorial
expansion, 5 by 7 frame.
(D) Podium, podium light, instructor
spotlight, follow spotlight, public address
system with two microphones (1 podium, 1
backstage). Costumes: (1) Chinese Com-
munist officer uniforms (two); (2) U.S.
prisoners of war (Korea) (one). Stage
property: (1) U.S.S.R. rifle (one); (2) blank
pistol (one); (3) field table (one); (4) field
chairs (two); (5) national and unit colors;
(8) charts, US. Declaration of Independence.
Personnel: (A) Senior commander, back-
stage manager, 2 spotlight operators; (B)
senior instructor, back-stage managers, 2
spotlight operators, 1 stage assistant; (C)
instructor, back-stage manager, 2 spotlight
operators, 1 on-stage assistant instructor;
(D) instructor, back-stage manager, 2 spot-
light operators, 1 assistant instructor. Ac-
tors: (1) Communist interrogator; (2) U.S.
prisoners of war (Korea); (3) Communist
prisoners of war camp commander. Voices
(on back-stage nnicrophone) : (1) Mr. Hoov-
er; (2) Mr. Webster; (3) Dr. Schwarz; (4)
Mr. Hunter; (5) Karl Marx; (6) Adolf Hit-
ler; (7) Commentator on summit talks.
Script: Address by senior commander (5
minutes); comments by senior instructor (5
minutes).
Note: Martial music played over public
address system as troops enter theater and
out at curtain time.
Stage setting: Podium, light, microphone,
right stage, front. National and unit colors
center stage in stands. Charts and aids for
first instruction period in wings ready to
place on stage at. conclusion of introduction.
Curtain closed.
Action: Music out. Troops called to at-
tention. Curtain opens. Traveling spot on
7 Skip week.
colors. Commander enters, center stage,
walks to podium, commands: "Be seated,"
instructor light on speaker.
COMMANDER. You and I, as members of the
U.S. military forces in Europe, sometimes
become so involved in our Army jobs that we
lose sight of the Army mission. We, in
fact, forget the primary purpose of our being
in uniform. We lose touch with the origins
of our social and cultural heritage. And
we fail to associate our individual interests
with the high aims of our Republic.
Therefore, it is pertinent that we pause
in our daily pursuits from time to time and
thoughtfully examine our position as sol-
diers in. relation to the ideals of Western
civilization to which we are heir.
Action: Curtain closes. Travel spot off.
Charts and aids for first instruction period
in place.
COMMANDER. Gen. Edwin A. Walker, com-
manding general of the 24th Infantry Di-
vision, :has directed a reappraisal of body,
mind, and spirit by all members of his com-
mand so that we may more clearly preceive
the pattern of our personal lives; and under-
stand the direction of our Nation in world
affairs.
In representing General Walker here to-
day I feel a great responsibility in. conveying
his purpose and design to you, so that every
man and officer seated in this audience will
grasp the gravity and importance of the
course of instruction which lies ahead.
The succeeding presentation will be a
study of personal and public subject matter.
The range of interests embrace standards of
conduct, mental and moral principles, polit-
fcal concepts, and medical science.
But, more important than the separate
subjects is the broad intent of the program.
It is hoped that the instruction will :help
officers and men of this command to think
for themselves and by so doing, assist each
one of us to gain a richer personal life and
increase our value to the Nation as members
of the Army team.
Therefore, the course is named, "Citizen-
ship in Service." It's aim is to inculcate
moral and legal responsibility in service, and
to teach the fundamental principles of citi-
zenship and patriotism.
It is hoped that the course will motivate
members of this command so as to reduce
sociological stresses in the service, and gen-
erate a desire for the awards of self-dicipline
and public service.
Let us remember that the armed services
are the crucible of our culture. And that
the product of a crucible is either slag or
steel.
General Walker demands that the24th In-
fantry Division be a steel "shield of free-
dom."
We can achieve the spirit of steel in our
mental, our moral, and our physical atti-
tudes only by determined effort-by a will to
learn and seek truth.
I commend your full participation in the
succeedin "Citizenship in Service" program.
Your gain. will be the Army gain, also.
Action: Troops called to attention. Com-
mander exits. Troops resealed. Senior in-
structor walks to podium Immediately fol-
lowing address by commander.
SENIOR I:asTRuc'ro , I will outline the
course of instruction which comprises the
"Citizenship in Service" program, so that
you may know the subject matter, and the
duration of the classes in the week ahead.
First, the instruction, or curriculum, will
be covered in a 6-hour block, of study, This
6-hour block is divided into three instruc-
tion periods, each of which is 2 hours long.
A 2-hour session will be conducted once
a day for 3 days, on Monday, Wednesday,
and Friday, so that the entire course will be
completed in 1 week.
These instructional periods are being ro-
tated throughout the command so that,
eventually, all personnel in the 24th In-
fantry Division will receive this orientation
in, "Citizenship in Service."
Action: Assistant enters from wings, left,
carrying tripod displaying chart: Curri-
culum (a.) "Citizenship in Service," (b)
"Getting Along in Germany," (c) "Commu-
nism," (d) "The Soldier's Code," (e) "Per-
sonal Morality," (f) "Patrotism," (g) "Psy-
chological Aspects of Military Service," (h)
"Social Aspects of Misbehavior," (I) ":Mili-
tary Aspects of Misbehavior & UCMJ," (j)
"Care and Maintenance of the Human Ma-
chine," (k) "End of Course Test" (5 by 6
frame). Chart is placed to left of podium.
Travel spot on.
INSTRUCTOR. "Citizenship in Service" will
cover 10 major subjects; namely, "Citizen-
ship in Service," "Getting Along in Ger-
many," "Communism," "The Soldier's Code,"
"Patriotism, "Personal Morality," "Psy-
chological Aspects of Military Service," "So-
cial Aspects of Misbehavior," ""Care and
Maintenance of the Human. Machine."
Subjects one through four will be pre-
sented today. Subjects five through nine
will be covered in the second 2-hour period
on Wednesday., And subject 10, and the
end-of-co-.arse test, will be given during; the
last 2 hours of the course on Friday. All
instruction periods begin at 1430 hours.
The end-of-course test, incidentally, will
comprise a series of true or false clues-
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 16426
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE August 30
Instruction schedule: "Citizenship in service program." Period covered: Apr. 25-July 29 (11 instruction weeks)
AUGSBURG AREA
Week
Time
Subjects
Location
Units concerned
Allot-
ment
Apr. 25-29:
Monday (25) ......
1430-1630
"Introduction to Six Hour Course,"
(19th Infantry__________________________________
500
"Citizenship in Service and Germany," '
Garrett Theater, Reese Kaserne
)
724th Ordnance----------------------------
-
100
"Communism and the Soldier's Code."
(capacity
751)
1
--
-
,
.
1
Total-----------------------------------
600
Wednesday (27)__
1430-1630
"Patriotism and Personal Morality,"
Same--------------------------------
Same -------------------------------------
-
"Adjustment to Military Service."
-
---
--------
Friday (29)------.
1430-1630
"Care and Maintenance of the Himan
Same--------------------------------
Same _______-___-.------___---....
Machine," end of course test and con-
............
........
elusion.
May 2-6:
24th Signal Battalion__________________________
100
M
d
2
1430
1630
1
t 2
h
bl
k
i
M
d
b
k Th
Fl
t
Fl
24th Administration Company________________
100
on
ay (
)___.__.
-
-
our
as
n
on
ay a
s
oc
ove ------
a
ea
er,
ak Kaserne (ca-
pacity, 300).
24th Headquarters and Headquarters Com-
pany.
100
Total-----------------------------------
300
Wednesday (4) ---
1430-1630
2d 2-hour block as in Wednesday above---
Same________________________________
Same__________------_-__-_-__--__-___---__
___
-
-
-
-
-
Friday (6) --------
1430-1630
3d 2-hour block as in Friday above --------
Same________________________________
_
Same ---------------------------
-
-
_
May
9 13:
-
-------
-
-
-
-
-
-
(24th Medical Battalion________________________
--------
iso
M
onday (9)_ ....
1430-1630
1st 2-hour block as in Monday above------
Infantry Theater, Infantry Kaserne
(capacity
289)
24th Aviation Company____________________
150
,
.
Total-----------------------------------
250
Wednesday (11)__
F
id
(13
1430-1630
1430-1630
2d 2-hour block as in Wednesday above---
F
3d 2
bl
k
i
id
h
b
Same--------------------------------
S
Same ------------------------------------------
S
--------
r
ay
) -------
May 16-20:
our
n
r
-
oc
as
ay a
ove --------
ame--------------------------------
ame ------------------------------------------
_______-
Monday (16)
1430-1630
1st 2-hour block as in Monday above
Gablingen Theater
Gablingen Ka-
(2d Infantry-----------------------------------
4QO
______
------
,
serve (capacity, 438).
Total-----------------------------------
400
Wednesday (18)__
Friday (20)-______
1430-1630
1430-1630
2d 2-hour block as in Wednesday above ___
3d 2-hour block as in Friday above --------
Same________________________________
Same________________________________
Same ------------------- ::---__-_--_-_-__-_-_-_
Same ------------------------------------------
________
---_-_--
Tuly 11-15;
9th Cavalry-----------------------------------
200
13th Artillery---------------------------------
200
Monday (11).____
1430-1630
1st 2-hour block as in Monday above------
Sheridan Theater, Sheridan Kaserne
7th Artillery__________________________________
200
(capacity, 657),
Transportation companies____________________
115
Total-----------------------------------
660
Wednesday (13)
1430-1630
2d 2-hour block as In Wednesday above---
Same-------------------------------
Same -----------------------------------------
--------
Friday (15) -------
1430-1630
3d 2-hour block as in Friday above --------
Samo_______________________________
Same -----------------------------------------
--_----
Tuly 26-29:
34th Infantry
600
Monday (25) ------
1430-1630
1st 2-hour block as in Monday above ------
Sheridan Theater, Sheridan Ka-
acit
some (ca
657)
ITra nsportation trucking companies -------
15
p
y,
.
Tota l-----------------------------------
660
Wednesday (27)__.
Friday (29)------_
1430-1630
1430-1630
2d 2-hour block as In Wednesday above ---
3d 2-hour block as in Friday above ........
Same --------------------------------
Same________________________________
Same ------------------------------------------
Samo______________-_-___--___----------__-_._
--------
Maximum--?--
----------
--------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------
----------------------------------------------?
2,870
Augsburg
total for
period.
May 30-June 3:
Monday (30)-----
1430-1630
"Introduction to Six Hour Course,""Citi-
in Service and German
zenshi
"
Warner Theater, Warner Kaserne
(ca
, 940)
acit
21st Infantry__________________________________
600
p
y,
"Communism and the Soldier's Code."
p
y
.
Total___________________________________
600
Wednesday (1)___
1430-1630
"Patriotism and Personal Morality,"
Same -------------------------------
same -----------------------------------------
--------
"Adjustment to Military Service."
Friday (3) --------
1430-1630
"Care and Maintenance of the Human
Same_______________________________
Same ------- ____--------------- --------------
--------
Machine," end of course test and con-
clusion.
Juno 6-10:
46th ARB-------------------------------------
150
34th Armored -------------- _------------------
150
Monday (6) ------
1430-1630
1st 2-hour block as in Monday above------
Henry Theater, Henry Kaserne
3d Engineer__________________________________
100
(capacity, 490).
--
Total-----------------------------------
400
Wednesday (8)___
1430-1630
2d2-hour block as in Wednesday above ___
Same_______________________________
Same__
Friday (10) -------
1430-1630
3d 2-hour block as in Friday above ........
Same -------------------------------
Same -----------------------------------------
________
June 13-17:
(28th Infantry_________________________________
600
Monday (13) _ _-._
1430-1630
1st 2-hour block as in Monday above ------
Warner Theater, Warner Kaserne
{
(capacity, 940).
l Total -----------------------------------
600
Wednesday (15)__
1430-1630
2d 2-hour block as In Wednesday above---
Same-------------------------------
Same -----------------------------------------
--------
Friday (17) -------
1430-1630
3d 2-hour block as in Friday above --------
Same_______________________________
Same -----------------------------------------
--------
June 20-24 2 -----------
-----------
--------------------------------------------
June 27-July 1;
31st Transportation Battalion_________________
100
34th ~tillery---------------------------------
200
200
Monday (27) ------
1430-1630
1st 2-hour block as in Monday above-.-..-
Warner Theater, Warner Kaserne
92d Artillery----------------------------------
200
(capacity, 940).
11th Artillery_________________________________
200
Total------------------------------------
700
Wednesday (29)
1430-1630
2d 2-hour block as in Wednesday above___
Same------------------------------
Same -------------?-?--?-------------------
--------
Friday (1)________
1430-1630
3d 2-hour block as in Friday above --------
Same..-.--??--------------------
--------
Footnotes at end of table.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 16425
(b) Tfre instruction will be repetitive and
will comprise a 6-hour curriculum, in 2-
four increments, scheduled three times a
week, for personnel stationed in Augsburg
and Munich areas.
(c) The program is conceived as a cap-
sulated, dramatized presentation of body,
mind and spirit objectives, adjunctive to
existing character guidance, troop informa-
tion, and commander's programs.
3. Objectives :
(a) Stimulation of citizen-soldiers who
may readily respond to, or materially in-
fluence, sociological and military factors in
service, is the prime objective of the pro-
gram. Specific aims include:
(1) For newly arrived division person-
nel-
(A) Command interest in the welfare of
men, officers, and soldiering.
(B) Illustrate the individual and group re-
sponsibilities of Americans overseas.
(C) Emphasize national and international
factors effecting: the American military
posture in Europe.
(D) Explain the importance of moral forti-
tude and the direct relation of spiritual fiber
to theocratic doctrine.
(E) Review military jurisprudence and its
application to the military overseas.
(F) Note the vital relation between the
Army mission and the physical readiness of
the individual to respond to emergencies.
(0) Describe the social factors which stalk
the individual, compromise military pre-
paredness, and weaken the national struc-
ture by wasting manpower and money; i.e.,
drugs, alcohol, venereal disease, and acci-
dents.
(2) For other selected personnel-
(A) Reflect command necessity for har-
mony and teamwork within the command.
(B) Show the military and civilian ad-
vantages gained by moderation, maturity,
and deliberate action.
(C) Present the enduring physical and
social effects of Incontinence, moral bank-
ruptcy, and irresponsibility.
(D) Stress the spiritual strength available
to all who seek guidance.
(E) Expose the mental, physical, and moral
drives which can serve to enhance or de-
grade life, depending on the control exer-
cised by the individual.
(F) Summarize the pitfalls, military and
civilian, which await the ill-guided soldier.
(G) Exhibit the physical ravages of alco-
hol, drugs, disease, and the, physical damage
caused by accidents.
(3) For commissioned and noncommis-
sioned officer personnel-
(A) Create a common frame of reference
which will provide direction in influencing
members of the command.
4. Responsibilities:
(a) Development, planning, implementa-
tion, and supervision of the program will be
executed by a curriculum committee, headed
by the deputy brigade commander, and will
include: ACofS 0.1, ACofS 0.3, Chaplain,
Staff Judge Advocate, Surgeon, Inspector
General, Information Officer, Provost Mar-
shal.
(b) Scheduling, funding of expenses in-
cident to procurement of training aids, and
normal staff implementation procedures, Is a
responsibility of the ACofS, G.3.
5. Procedures: (a) Curriculum committee
will organize and train one instructor team,
and will provide lesson plans and training
aids required, for implementation of the
program on a rotation plan; i.e., succeeding
kaserne theaters in Augsburg and Munich
areas, on a schedule to be announced.
6. Curriculum. (See annex A.)
For the commander:
JAMES H. SKELDON,
Colonel, GS,
Chief of Staff.
MEl,VIN L. PECHACEK,
Major, AGC,
Assistant Adjutant General.
FIRST DAY
1. First 2-hour block.
Introduction: Guest speaker establish pur-
pose and objectives; instructor establish con-
tent and. sequence.
Subject No. 1, "Citizenship in Service":
Freedom and responsibility, citizenship, the
Constitution, heritage of America. and bul-
warks of freedom.
Subject No. 2, "Getting Along in Ger-
many": Germany and Western defense, prob-
lems and policies, Status of Forces Agree-
ment.
Break.
Subject No. 3, "The Soldier's Code": Code
of conduct, brainwashing, Communist propa-
ganda, Communist interrogation.
Subject No. 4, "Communism": Democracy
versus Communism, international commu-
nism, Communist tactics, communism in
action.
Total instruction time first 2-hour block,
100 minutes.
SECOND DAY
2. Second 2-hour block.
Subject No. 5, "Personal Morality": Repu-
tation and honesty, origins of freedom.
Subject No. 6, "Patriotism": Patriotism,
our moral defense, heritage of America.
Break..
Subject No. 7, "Psychological Aspects of
Military Service": Personal adjustment to
service, adjustment to military life, the
soldier's mission and responsibilities.
Subject No. 8, "Social Aspects of Misbe-
havior": Incidents of discharge, Hiss Act,
German jurisdiction.
Subject No. 9, "Military Aspects of Mis-
behavior and the Uniform Code of Military
Justice": Rights and obligations of foreign
forces in Germany, Uniform Code of Mili-
tary Justice.
Total instruction time second 2-hour
block, 100 minutes.
THIRD DAY
3. Third 2-hour block.
Subject No. 10, "Care and Maintenance
of the Human Machine": Effects of venereal
disease, effects of drugs and alcohol, effects
of accidents, the division health record,
structure of the body.
Break.
Subject No. 11, "End of Course Test":
All previous instruction references.
Concluding address: Guest speaker.
Total instruction time third 2-hour block,
100 minutes.
HEADQUARTERS,
24TH INFANTRY DIVISION,
APO 112, U.S. Forces, April 21, 1960.
Subject: "Citizenship in Service Program."
To: (See distribution).
1. Reference : "Citizenship in Service Pro-
gram" instruction schedule, attached as en-
closure 1 (II-week schedule, April 25-July
29, 1960).
2. This is a corrected copy of letter
AETGPA 265/54, this headquarters, subject
as above, April 18, 1960, and will be substi-
tuted therefor,
3. Commanders will assure that the same
personnel attending the first 2-hour block of
instruction on Monday will continue to at-
tend the succeeding 2-how: blocks of in-
struction on Wednesday and Friday.
4. Priority of personnel space allotment
will be:
(a) New arrivals.
(b) Selected personnel.
(c) Cornpany grade officers and non-
commissio-a.ed officers in command positions.
For the commander:
EDWARD AVIN,
Chief Warrant Officer,
Assistant Adjutant General.
Lesson plan, first 2-hour block of instruc-
tion:
Subject and duration:
(A) Senior Commander (script attached).
Establish purpose and objectives-5 minutes.
(B) Senior instructor (Script attached).
Note content and sequence--S minutes.
(C) "Citizenship in Service," and "Getting
Along in Germany" (script attached) 40
minutes.
(D) "Ccanmunism" and "The Soldier's
Code" (script attached)-50 minutes.
Place: Theater.
References:
(A) Training directive No. 3, "Citizenship
in Service."
(B) Instruction schedule, "Citizenship in
Service."
(C) "The Constitution of the Urdted
States," Norton committee; "Militant Lib-
erty," Secretary of Defense, 1955; Time mag-
azine, January 11, 1960; "The Bulwarks of
Freedom," Bishop R. A. Brown, 1959: U.S.
Economic Almanac, 1956; Statistical Abstracts
of the United States, Germany, and Western
defense, USAREUR Information Bulletin 14-
6; "Problems and Policies," USAREUR fact
sheet No. 36; agreements on status of forces,
Germany, Bonn convention, May 1956.
(D) "Communism's Invisible Weapon,"
national education program; "Communist
Party; U::S.A.," Facts Forum; "Christianity
Today," Carl Henry; "U.S. Soldiers in Com-
munist Prisoners of War Camps, " Korea, Maj.
William 'I;. Mayer; "Communist Interroga-
tion, Indoctrination, and Exploitation of
Prisoners of War," DA pamphlet No. 30-401;
"Democracy versus Communism," pamphlet,
House Committee on Un-American Activi-
ties; "Black Book on Red China," Edward
Hunter; -rfte U.S. Fighting Man's Code,"
DOD pamphlet 1-16; staff consultation with
Dr. Schwarz, House Committee on Un-Amer-
ican Activities; consultation with Mr. Edward
Hunter, House Committee on Un-American
Activities.
. Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 16424
Approved For ONGRESSIONALIRECORDDP6S4 QOA 4 8000200110007-5 August 30
iUnited States-the inveterate anti-Soviet
and reactionary Senator GOLDWATER-con-
siderable monetary reserves, drawn from the
tills of monopolies and banks, and its own
publishing house.
The reactionary military clique of the Pen-
tagon has occupied the most important
(translators note: possibly a most impor-
tant) position in the activities of the so-
ciety. The following retired personnel have
already been exposed as members of the
society and Its leaders: the former Deputy
Chief of Staff of the Army, General Wiede-
meyer (Vedemeyer); the commander of an
air army, Lieutenant General Stone (Stoun) ;
a military attache to the U.S.S.R., Lieutenant
General O'Daniel (O'Daniel); Lt. Gen. del
Wallen (del' Vallen) of the Marine Corps;
Rear Admiral Cope (Koup); Major General
Willowghby (Uillobi); and Colonel Banker
(Banker); and also many other generals and
officers. (Translator's note; ranks and posi-
tions here are translated verbatim. Due to
my unfamiliarity with some of the names,
a direct transliteration of each of them as
it appears in the Russian text Is in paren-
theses following my guess as to the proper
English spelling). There is information that
the Chief of Naval Operations, Admiral
Burke, and other highly placed individuals
now on active duty in the Armed Forces or
in American military intelligence have direct
contact with the society.
One American newspaper writes that, the
workers of the Pentagon have "gathered
around (themselves?) so many Fascist pub-
lications and groups that they are able to
form their own general staff with no diffi-
culty." It would appear that the fact that
so many generals and admirals are listed as
retired not only does not create difficulties,
but, on the contrary, makes the Fascist ac-
tivity of the "ultra" easier when applied di-
rectly to the Armed Forces. The American
press states that retired [officers] "maintain
direct contact with their colleagues still in
uniform, often appearing as the mouthpiece
of those whom the Government has ordered
to remain silent." -
According to the foreign press, the primary
mission of the military leaders of the Birch
society is to implant Fascist ideology, anti-
communist, and propaganda on the inevita-
bility of atomic war among the personnel of
the Armed Forces of the United States of
America. General Walker was one of the
direct executors of this program. He issued
Circular 350-20, in which it was ordered that
Nazi propaganda be distributed In the 24th
Division, utilizing reactionary literature re-
ceived from the Birch society. Hoping to
turn the division into a band of headhunters
and bandits, in October of last year he or-
ganized in it a "service of special troops"
[sic] which occupied itself with spreading
the Nazi ravings of Welch among the troops.
The division was literally flooded with the
publications of the society. Issues of the di-
vision newspaper were full of openly Fas-
cist articles. It can be said directly that
Walker had experienced teachers in the
carrying out of similar propaganda in the
person of the leaders of the society. In-
cluded in that number, for example, is Gen-
eral Wiedemeyer, a graduate of a German
military academy and former chief of staff
of the troops of Chiang Kai-shek.
Why was the 24th Division, specifically,
chosen as the objective of this fascist propa-
ganda? Because it was one of the best pre-
pared units of the American Army, armed
to the teeth. It had participated more than
once in the aggressive adventures of the im-
perialists of the United States of America,
including Korea. More actively than in oth-
er units, its personnel are educated in the
traditions of banditry and, in the opinion of
the "fuehrers" (sic) of the society, were
more prepared to receive the fascist propa-
ganda.
In summarizing all that Is known about
the influence of the Birch Society on the
Armed Forces, the American press reaches
some uncomfortable conclusions. In part, it
states that, under the cover of this society,
the more reactionary circles in the United
States of America have dreamed and are
dreaming of the preparation of a military-
fascist revolution, "A group of military
people," write Brown and D. Ril (translator's
note: Brown is obviously intended the first
initials and other last name are translitera-
tions from the Russian) in their book, "can,
of course, take the political power over the
American Armed Forces as soon as signs of
weakness on the part of the United States of
America with respect to other countries be-
gin to appear."
The American society Is deeply disturbed
by this information of such widespread
activity by fascist organizations in the coun-
try. It is especially disturbed by the fact
that officials are not taking active steps to-
ward the liquidation of this filth and are
actually conniving with the conspirators. It
is becoming obvious that the action taken
by the Secretary of the Army with respect to
General Walker is intended only to disorient
public action and give the appearance of de-
cisive government action toward the con-
spirators. There is no other way to explain
the statement of the newspaper New York
Times that, as a result of the completed in-
vestigation, Walker "got off with a talking-
to" (translator's quote).
No matter what happens, this scandalous
story of the business of General Walker and
the Birch Society clearly shows that the
Pentagon is teaming with generals and ad-
mirals who openly profess fascism and who
are attempting to drag the country down the
road to unleashing the third world war.
[From Red Star, July 18, 1961, page 4]
SOVIET "RED STAR" CITES GENERAL WALKER
AND PaEVIOVS COMMAND, 24TH INFANTRY
DIVISION
Moscow paper reports Secretary of the
Army relief of General Walker and Commis-
sion to investigate his connections with
semi-secret fascist organization kr}own as
the John Birch Society. It further states
political programs of the Society to raise
fascist terror and racism to the rank of
Government Policy continuing with a com-
ment from the publication Nation (United
States)--capable of causing panic. Accord-
ing to RED STAR, Birch was an American
military spy who was executed in China for
underground work against the Peoples Army
of Liberation.
Walker, through the issuance of Circular
No. 850-20, is reported as ordering Nazi
propaganda distributed in the 24th Division,
flooding it with publications and the Divi-
sion newspaper with openly fascist articles.
"Why was the 24th Division, specifically,
chosen as the objective of this fascist propa-
ganda? Because it was one of the best pre-
pared units of the American Army, armed
to the teeth. It had participated more than
once in the aggressive adventures of the
Imperialists of the USA, including Korea.
More actively than in other units, its per-
sonnel are educated in the traditions of
banditry and, in the opinion of the 'fueh-
rers' of the society, were more prepared to
receive the fascist propaganda." -
General Walker's position today was re-
flected in his extension of his files and In-
formation, personally acquired through civil
legal assistance in the United States on cer-
tain Overseas Weekly staff members and
their connections to German publishers.
The book "Schizophrenic Germany" written
by Mr. Dornberg received criticism in the
German press. The book had been adver-
tised in the United States by Macmillan
Publishers which included an ad in the New
York Times that was reprinted in Visieor, a
German Army magazine published in Co-
logne, 15 July. At least one article in the.
German press referred to the author as a
schizophrenic and another as helping the
Communist. The author's charges, citations
against at least three German publications
for untrue or discrediting publicity, are get-
ting little sympathy from the Germans. The
General has said that he is informed that
certain material in the book is recognized
by the Germans and that its original source
is identified and was considered to be of
questionable intent. He also said the trial of
Mr. Naujocks, the reporter on the Overseas
Weekly, was due in early September. As pre-
viously purported, the general's complaint
was accepted by the German prosecutor in
Augsburg as a criminal action against the
German State, to be prosecuted by the State.
The charge was served 8 August under the
German Penal Code 185 and 186, each car-
rying 1, 2, or 3 years' imprisonment.
The German court's State trials are often
accepted on the basis of the public's interest
and concern. The Overseas Weekly moved
its reporter from the Augsburg area, that
of the 24th Infantry Division, after he was
barred in December 1960 to the Frankfurt
main office. He, with the editor, Dornberg
and a reporter-Jones, shared credit at least
in one article of their 16 April issue attack-
ing the Division pro-Blue program. The
publicity of the book "Schizophrenic Ger-
many" and the Augsburg case seem to have
some conflicting interest with respect to
publicity.
Mr. TOWER. Mr. President, I thank
the distinguished Senator from South
Carolina for his very important, signif-
icant, and appropriate remarks. I wish
to note that the Overseas Weekly to
which he referred, which contained the
charges against General Walker and
which were the basis for his relief from
command, is the sort of newspaper which
ought not to be circulated among Ameri-
can troops. It is full of sexy pictures,
crime stories, and liquor ads. It is typi-
cal of newspapers which are circulated
among our troops in West Germany un-
der the auspices of Stars and Stripes.
It is very important that the Senate
have available to it the program which
provided the basis for the charges
against General Walker; namely, the cit-
izenship-in-service program, sometimes
referred to as the pro-blue program, of
the 24th Infantry Division. I therefore
ask unanimous consent that it be printed
in the RECORD at the conclusion of my
remarks, along with five editorials on
the subject.
There being no objection, the material
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
CITIZENSHIP-IN-SERVICE PROGRAM OF THE
24TH INFANTRY DIVISION
TRAINING DIRECTIVE NO. 3, APRIL 18, 1960
Morale and welfare
1. Purpose: The purpose of this program
is to inculcate moral and legal responsibility,
to teach fundamental principles of citizen-
ship and patriotism, and to motivate mem-
bers of this command so as to reduce so-
ciological stress in the service and generate
a desire for the awards of self-discipline and
public service.
2. General:
(a) Implementation of this program will
be progressive. Personnel who may be in-
itially considered most eligible include:
Newly arrived division personnel, commis-
sioned and noncommissioned officer person.
nel and other selected personnel.
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
wanted ro stay in the Army and in the divi-
pion "so I can go to school and get paid."
Both men said they like the division but
were not particularly swayed by Walker one
way or the other.
Sp4c. McNeal Scow, of Waynesville,
N.C., said he was looking for secu-
rity and decided to remain in the Army.
Scow said he believed with many of his
friends that Walker was mishandled in being
relieved before an Investigation got under
way.
Pvt. Arthur Jackson, of Pawtucket, R.I.,
said he was "fed up with the Army" and
wanted to get out.
"The Army stifles the initiative and it's
an alien way of life," he said. Jackson said
he had no gripes against Walker.
Sp4c. George Smith, of Broomville, Colo.,
said "Walker had many good ideas but they
were not followed through." Smith is re-
turning to civilian life, and college soon.
One officer, who cannot be named, worked
with some of the officers and enlisted men
who ran Walker"s special projects section.
He said he opposed Walker's program as
treading dangerously near off-limits policy.
He said when it was over Walker called him
and gave him credit "for sticking to my
guns."
"You've got to admire a man like that,"
he said,
[From the New York Journal American, Aug.
18, 1961]
REDS MAKE HAY OUT OF REBUKE TO GENERAL
WALKER-PROPAGANDA MILL ROLLING OVER-
TIME
The rebuke administered Maj. Gen. Edwin
A. Walker for his lecturing of American
troops in Germany on the Communist men-
ace has provided the Soviet Union with a
large quantity of grist for its propaganda
mill.
This was disclosed through a survey of
Iron Curtain publications and broadcasts
which linked General Walker to the ultra-
rightwing John Birch Society, described by
the Reds as a semisecret Fascist organization.
Lt. Col. O. Aleksandrovsky, writing in the
July 18 editions of the Soviet Army news-
paper, Red Star, seized upon the Walker
incident to cry:
"No matter what happens, this scandalous
story of the business of General Walker and
the Birch Society clearly shows that the Pen-
tagon is teaming with generals and admirals,
who openly profess fascism and are attemept-
ing to drag the country down the road to
unleasing the third world war."
What General Walker did, in effect, was to
accuse some prominent citizens, segments of
the American press and TV industry, and
certain news commentators of serving the
cause of communism by their actions and
attitudes.
PROPAGANDA TARGET
For this he received an official admonish-
ment, was relieved of his divisional com-
mand, and transferred to Army headquarters
at Heidelberg, Germany.
Until his 'transfer, General Walker had
commanded the 24th Infantry Division in
West Germany. It evidently is one of the
most respected of American fighting forces,
for Colonel Aleksandrovsky notes:
"Exactly why was it that the 24th Division
became a target for Fascist propaganda? Be-
cause this was a rather well-trained and
heavily armed unit of the U.S. Army. It had
often participated in aggressive adventures
of the United States, for instance in Korea.
"Members of its military personnel are
more active than in other units and are be-
ing educated along the lines of robber tra-
ditions. Moreover, the fuehrers of the
(Birch) society believe the unit to be sus-
ceptible to Fascist propaganda."
CAUTIONS UNHEEDED
The admonishment of General Walker fol-
lowed an Army investigation which found
he had failed to heed cautions of superiors
against "controversial activities which were
contrary to longstanding customs of the
military service and beyond the prerogatives
of a senior military commander."
The probe Itself grew out of a charge in
the Overseas Weekly, a newspaper published
in Europe, that General Walker in a speech
had termed definitely pink such figures as
former President Truman, former Secretary
of State Dean Acheson, and Mrs. Eleanor
Roosevelt.
Connected with at least one article on
General Walker, according to the general
himself, was John Dornberg, author of the
book, "Schizophrenic Germany."
COMMUNISTS HELPED
General Walker has pointed out that the
West German press charged that the book
has helped the Communists. One publica-
tion termed Mr. Dornberg "schizophrenic,"
and another stated that the material used
was "considered to be of questi.onable in-
tent."
And Visier, a German Army magazine
published in Cologne, declared:
"Everybody in the Bundesrepublik can
see that. hatred, if not the hand of Moscow,
has guided his hand in writing ? " ? Mr.
Dornberg took it upon himself * ? ? to de-
fame the Federal Republic of Germany in a
full bock of lies."
Last May, General Walker filed a suit charg-
ing libel and slander against Siegfried. W.
Nanjocks, a German reporter of the Over-
seas Weekly who also was connected with at
least one of the Walker articles.
In his suit the general charges that Nan-
jocks, in the presence of American soldiers,
called him a sick man.
The general's complaint has been accepted
by the German prosecutor in Augsburg as a
criminal action against the German State,
to be prosecuted by the State. The charge
was served under two German penal codes,
each carrying 1, 2 or 3 years' imprisonment.
Friends of the general pointed out that
the State often accepts trials on the basis
of its interest in and concern for the public.
GROWING INFLUENCE
That the Soviet Union is playing the
rebuke of General. Walker for all its worth
is evidenced in a follow-up dispatch to
Colonel Aleksandrovsky's remarks, which also
were broadcast to Soviet troops on July 20.
On July 22, Moscow's domestic service re-
lated, apparently through its Washington
correspondent, that the Senate Foreign Re-
lations Committee had prepared a document
expressing alarm at the "growing influence
of the military on national policy."
The dispatch further noted that the com-
mittee nlembers' report held that the activi-
ties of the American officer class were evil
and drew an analogy to the revolt of the
French generals in Algeria.
"The authors of the document note that
this revolt was an example of what might
come of similar activity by the military," the
Moscow dispatch stated.
DEFENDED BY THURMOND
Coming to the defense of General Walker
was Senator STRoM THURMOND, Democrat, of
South Carolina, who on July 26 took the
floor of the Senate to state:
"Possibly the beginnings of the attack (on
General. Walker) other than in Pravda itself,
was with a slander sheet called the Over-
seas Weekly, which apparently has as its
primary purpose the general discrediting of
U.S. servicemen and their leadership in
Europe, particularly those of the 24th In-
fantry Division.
"As a particular target, the Overseas
Weekly undertook a campaign against the
anti-Com,nunisi; indoctrination course of the
24th Division and its commander at that
time, General Walker.
"It is significant that although the Over-
seas Weekly has been charged with being
subversive by many persons, the only in-
vestigatio:a. has been directed at General
Walker and not the vicious slander sheet
which dances to the tune of leftwing causes
and givee: its most prominent display to
'girlie cheesecake' pictures and sensational
GI crimes in its publication area, so near the
Iron Curtain.'"
[Extracted from the Soviet newspaper, Red
Star, July 18, 19(311
ULTRA IN THE PENTAGON
Recently, by decision of the Secretary of
the Army of the United States of America,
the commander of the 24th Infantry Di-
vision, located in Germany, Maj. Gen.
Walker, was relieved of his duties. Simul-
taneously. under the chairmanship of the
commander of the V Corps, Lieutenant Gen-
eral Brown, a commission was appointed to
investigate the connection between Walker
and the semisecret Fasc:bt organization
known as the John Birch Society.
This society is named for an American
military spy who was executed in China for
underground work against the "Peoples'
Army of Liberation" (translator's quote).
Fascist propaganda has canonized Birch as
a sacrifice of the "Third World War."
The political program of the organization
is contained. in a "Blue Book," edited by R.
Welch. In substance, the contents of this
book are no different from those of Hitler's
bible, "My War" (sic) (translator's note:
probably "Mein Kampf"), and amount to
the following: unleash war against the
U.S.S.R.; reestablish the :lost position of
colonialism; raise Fascist terror and racism
to the rank of government policy.
Infuriated: with the foreign policy fail-
ures of t:b.e United States, the founders of'
.the society have even called such figures as
Eisenhower and Eleanor Roosevelt "Red."
They demand that the U.N., which they
characterize as a "nest of saboteurs and
spies," be "sunk in the Atlantic Ocean," and
with all their powers they fan the flames of
anti-Soviet hytseria and miattary (war) psy-
chosis.
"The atlierents of Birch," writes the maga-
zine Nation, "are capable of causing panic
and creating an atmosphere of suspicion.
They can attach the label of 'Communist'
to any man., and their semisecret meetings
lay the groundwork for fear and hatred."
The fact that the meetings of the society
are semisecret and all of its activities carry
a conspirlttorial character has its own mean-
ing. It was recently revealed that behind
the curtain of the Birch society hides an
organization of the powerful bosses of
merican business and well-known political
American"
and military figures. Among them are the
"ringleaders" (translator's quote) of the Na-
tional Association of Manufacturers, which
is all powerful. in the United States, Con-
gressmen, generals, and admirals, publishers
of newspapers and journalists. The ballot
for leadership of the organization even in-
cluded the name of the ex-Vice President of
the United States of America, Nixon.
This rrob of American "ultra" [sir,] is
supported by several offic:lal Government
organs, such as the Senate Internal Security
Subcommittee, headed by Senator EASTLAND.
This subeo3mnittee, in order to hide the
true character of the organization from the
masses of the population, has invariably an-
swered the alarmed questions of Americans
thusly; "We are happy to inform you that,
according to our information, this is a pa-
triotic organization." The society has its
own candidate. for the presidency of the
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 16422
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 30
military men to speak up because they know
the nature of the enemy and are better pre-
pared than anyone else to discuss the evils
of communism. We have had too much soft
speaking on communism by pinks and near
Communists."
WORDS WORTH HEARING
About 150 veterans were present for their
annual reunion. After General Walker had
spoken and applause had subsided, one of
the leaders commented:
"It's too bad his speech was not heard
by 30,000 people. They would have marched
on the Pentagon."
The 1st Special Service Force consisted
of 3,200 men chosen for hazardous commando
operations from among 7,000 volunteers, after
preliminary training. General Walker said
he sought to instill the same spirit in the
2d Division artillery in Korea, which fired
22,000 rounds a day for 14 days, an unheard-
of feat; in the 7th Infantry Regiment, also
in Korea, and the 21st Battle Group (Gim-
lets) of the 24th Division in Germany, which
last Friday won the highest marksmanship
award of the North Atlantic Treaty Organi-
zation.
NO TURNCOATS THEN
Each man in the special service force, he
said, was "experienced and alert and, know-
ing the enemy, psychologically prepared.
There was certainly no fear-can you imag-
ine it-that as a prisoner of war a man
would betray his trust-Canadian or
American."
The implication was unmistakable-but
he could not say in so many words-that the
anti-Communist orientation program which
got him in trouble in Germany was intended
to give the same psychological preparation
to men of the 24th Division.
The Overseas Weekly, a scandal sheet cir-
culated to the troops in Germany, attacked
General Walker's orientation program, charg-
ing that he was using material supplied by
the John Birch Society.
The same publication charged that Gen-
eral Walker had said Eleanor Roosevelt,
Harry S. Truman, and Dean Acheson were
"definitely pink" and that Edward R. Mur-
row, Walter Cronkite, and Eric Sevareid,
radio-television commentators, were pro-
Communist.
GIVEN SECONDARY JOB
General Walker was summarily relieved of
command and assigned to a subordinate
post at Army headquarters in Heidelberg,
instead of a previously scheduled assignment
to command the 8th Corps in Texas.
After an investigation by Gen. Bruce C.
Clark, commander in chief of the American
Army in Europe, General Walker was for-
mally admonished by Secretary of the Army
Elvis J. Stahr, Jr.
Replying to a letter from Senator GoLD-
WATER, who demanded an explanation, Stahr
said:
"No substantial evidence was revealed that
General Walker had referred to former Presi-
dent Harry S. Truman, Dean Acheson, and
Eleanor Roosevelt as 'definitely pink,' as al-
leged by Overseas Weekly, but it was estab-
lished that he had staged or inferred that
these prominent persons are leftist influ-
enced or affiliated."
PRESS, TV INFLUENCED
"It was also established that General
Walker had mentioned Edward R. Murrow,
Walter Cronkite, and Eric Sevareid as being
leftist or Communist-influenced commenta-
tors, and that he had stated that 60 percent
of the American press and the radio-tele-
vision industry were Communist influenced,
not Communist controlled.
"The investigation also revealed that Gen-
eral Walker's strong anti-Communist feeling
frequently led his talks to become heated
and intense, with the use of excessively
strong language. He had previously been
cautioned on at least three occasions to re-
frain from language of this nature."
The Army also reported that Walker's pro-
gram had nothing to do with the John Birch
Society.
REDS RUSH INTO BREACH
General Walker, a 1931 graduate of the
U.S. Military Academy, obtained a 2-week
leave from his post in Germany to attend the
reunion here and visit his mother, who met
him in New York. She lives with another
son, George Pinckney Walker, Jr., on a ranch
at Center Point, Tex. The 51-year-old gen-
eral is not married.
After the sacking of General Walker, sus-
tained attacks on anti-Communist activity
by military leaders emanated from four prin-
cipal sources: Gus Hall, boss of the American
Communist Party; Marquis Childs, syndi-
cated newspaper columnist; the New York
Times, and Senator WILLIAM FULBRIGHT,
chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee.
SEE DANGER ON THE RIGHT
In the July 16 issue of the Worker, official
organ of the Communist Party, Hall said:
"In the opinion of the Communist Party
there can be no question that the threat from
the extreme right is serious. A pronounced
characteristic of the movement," said Hall, is
"Its spreading influence among the higher
military personnel."
The New York Times has published a series
of reports on anti-Communist seminars and
orientation programs at military establish-
ments, charging that they are "preoccupied
with radically rightwing political philoso-
phies." These programs were conducted pur-
suant to an official cold war strategy policy,
adopted by the National Security Council
3 years ago.
RADICALISM A VIRUS
In a memorandum addressed to the Presi-
dent and referred by him to Defense Secre-
tary Robert S. McNamara, Senator FULBRIGHT
charged that in at least 11 instances "pro-
grams closely identified with military per-
sonnel made use of extremely radical right-
wing speakers and/or materials, with the
probable result of condemning foreign and
domestic policies of the administration in
the public mind."
It would be extremely dangerous, FUL-
BRIGHT said, "if the military Is infected with
the virus of rightwing radicalism." "In the
long run," he added, "it is quite possible that
the principal problem of leadership will be,
If it is not already, to restrain the desire of
the people to hit the Communists with every-
thing we've got, particularly if there are
more Cubas and Laoses."
A new directive governing speeches and
statements by military personnel was issued
by the Pentagon on July 10. Roswell Gil-
patric, Deputy Secretary of Defense, ex-
plained at a press conference that it would
require military spokesmen to confine them-
selves to defense matters and not talk about
communism.
"We are not suggesting by this move that
we are going to be soft on communism or
that we don't want the military to have their
own views on the subject of what our na-
tional defense policy should be," Gilpatric
said. "But there are other organs and agen-
cies of the Government that speak for these
other areas."
[From the Charleston (S.C.) News and
Courier, Aug. 9, 19611
WALKER STILL HOLDS RESPECT OF MEN IN 24TH
DIVISION
AUGSBURG, GERMANY.--Maj. Gen. Edwin A.
Walker is still a soldier's soldier to many
of his former troops despite his suspension
from command of the 24th Infantry Divi-
sion for mixing his political beliefs with
Army policy.
Lt. Col. William D. Taylor, division'enllst-
ment officer, said the 24th is still getting
heavy reenlistments.
According to official division figures, dur-
ing the 1960 fiscal year 2,590 troops were
eligible to reenlist, and 849 did, to make
a percentage of 32.8 for the highest in the
7th Army.
Taylor compared this figure with 26.8 for
the 3d Armored Division, 13.2 for the 34th
Infantry Division, 11.8 for the 8th In-
fantry Division, and 7.5 percent for the 4th
Armored Division.
Taylor said Walker's suspension "went
in one ear and out the other" as far as the
average enlisted man was concerned. He
added that a "man doesn't reenlist in an out-
fit that has poor morale."
Maj. Gen. Charles Bonesteel III, who left
the Pentagon to replace Walker, said "the
morale is fine and all indications are that
reenlistments will increase."
A survey among officers and enlisted men
of the division bears out Bonesteel.
"There is no feeling of any carry-over be-
cause of the Walker incident," the tall, lean
general said.
Some officers and enlisted men of the di-
vision, including those who were for and
against the general's alleged personal re-
marks, said they and many others felt the
51-year-old Texan had been drummed out of
his command before given a chance to prove
his case.
From some of the highest ranking officers
to the lowest grades, it was noted that Walk-
er was relieved of his command and assigned
to Heidelberg headquarters before the in-
vestigation into his special projects began.
Walker of Centerpoint, Tex., was relieved
of his command in April after a private
American paper in Europe-the Overseas
Weekly-carried a story alleging that Walker
had exposed his men to propaganda based on
the philosophy of the John Birch Society.
A 1931 graduate of West Point, Walker was
admonished and suspended from command
on June 12. Walker issued only one state-
ment which came before he was relieved in
which he compared the newspaper to com-
munism. Since then he has refused to com-
ment.
One of Walker's biggest boosters in the
division is 1st Sgt. Richard T. Flynn of
Passaic, N.J., who was the senior enlisted
man on the general's special projects staff.
"We all need to boost our moral values
and that's what Walker was trying to do."
Flynn. said. "He didn't push Birch stuff on
his troops. He put the information on the
barrelhead and let them choose."
"We tried to interest the troops in the
flag, in patriotism, in parades, even in bugle
calls. These things belong to the Army.
We wanted obedience based on understand-
ing." Flynn said.
Flynn said he was responsible for order-
ing copies of "American Opinion" which
contained the life of Birch, written by Rob-
ert W. Welch, founder of the John Birch
Society.
"That was the only so-called Birch mate-
rial we put out in the dayrooms," he said..
"I tried to get the book but was told it was
out of print. So I got 'American Opinion'
because the story was there," he said.
The book by Welch also contains much of
the author's thinking on how to protect the
world from communism.
"Birch was the first casualty of the cold
war. Everybody should know about him,"
Flynn said.
Interviews with men in the division who
were about to reenlist or go back to civilian
life, brought out that few had concerned
themselves with the Walker case or that it
did not affect their leaving or staying.
Sp4c. Percy Craig of Piedmont, Ala.,
said he was staying in because the
Army offered more security. Sgt. John
Forbes, of Coral Gables, Fla., said he
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5
 Approved For Release 2003/10/10: CIA-RDP64B00346R0002,
1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
reiating to its resumption of nuclear acts by Mr. Khrushchev only fortify and
tests. I did not wish to respond at that strengthen us. Sometimes in the ar-
point, because the Senate was in the rogance and the false pride of the
process of completing its work on the Soviet leaders we find new strength, new
appropriation. bill for the Departments determination, and new cooperation on
of State and Justice and for the Judici- the part of the allies in the free world.,
first, to commend the Senator from THE ANTI-ANTI-COMMUNIST CAM-
Tennessee [M:r. GORE] for his statement. PAIGN AND MAJ. GEN. EDWIN
If any Member of the Senate is informed WALKER
on these matters, it is he. He is very Mr. THURMOND, Mr. President, on
experienced. He attended the negotia-
tions at Geneva, as one of the advisers
of the U.S. Senate.
I wish to add that I find myself in
full agreement with the statement he
made, and I desire to associate myself
with it clearly and without qualifica-
tion.
I also wish to say that I hope Presi-
dent Kennedy will immediately request
the return of Arthur Dean, our chief
negotiator, from Geneva, as a demon-
stration of our, I might say, disgust
about the manner in which the Soviet
Union has treated this vital issue which
relates to the welfare of humanity.
I also hope the President will direct
our Ambassador to the United Nations,
Mr. Stevenson, to lay before the United
Nations the efforts of this country over
3 years to arrive at some form of agree-
ment, with reasonable and effective con-
trols, to suspend further nuclear tests.
Mr. President, this Nation has walked
the extra mile; it has done all that
could be expected of any great power,
and it has done it and has proceeded
in the name of decency, freedom, peace,
and compassion to attempt to arrive at
an agreement. In fact, only recently
Mr. Dean returned to Geneva with new
concessions, in hopes of being able to
arrive at some kind of workable agree-
ment with the Soviet Union.
So I hope President Kennedy, either
himself, in a personal appearance be-
fore the 'United Nations General As-
sembly, or by direction to our Ambas-
sador to it, Mr. Stevenson, will lay be-
fore the nations of the world the draft
treaties we presented at Geneva in the
most recent negotiations, and their full
history, and how we have sought to pre-
serve the peace and to protect man-
kind, and how we have sought to slow
down the arms race and prevent the
spread and proliferation of nuclear
weapons throughout the world. I feel
that if this is done, our case will stand
the test of careful scrutiny and we shall
be all the better because of it.
I wish to add that I am confident our
Nation is prepared, through its scien-
tists and its great facilities in the field
of atomic energy, to undertake quickly
whatever experimentation and testing
may be required.
Let no one be in doubt. The Soviet
Union is attempting to accelerate the
war of nerves, as the Senator from Ten-
nessee [Mr. GORE] stated tonight.
The main objective is, and has been
for years, to separate us from our al-
lies and to intimidate. Its act is the
act of a bully. But the United States
is not frightened; and I am confident
that our country and our allies, stand-
ing alongside of us and assured of our
purpose, will not be frightened, These
several occasions lately there have been
discussions on the Senate floor with ref-
erence to the anti-anti-Communist cam-
paign which is focused on our Military
Establishment with a view toward dis-
crediting and rendering ineffective our
military personnel and particularly our
military leaders. Early in the campaign,
a smear campaign was commenced
against Maj. Gen. Edwin Walker, former
Commander of the 24th Division in Eu-
rope, by a slander sheet called the Over-
seas Weekly. The smear campaign
against General Walker reached such a
height that General Walker was relieved
of his command and, although the spe-
cific charges made by the Overseas
Weekly were found to be untrue accord-
ing to the Department of Army, General
Walker was officially admonished and his
command was not restored. For some
time, General Walker has been awaiting
assignment. It is clear from the circum-
stances and public statements by high-
placed civilians within the Defense Es-
tablishment, that General Walker's case
was conducted in such a manner as to
constitute an example of what would
happen to any officer who candidly
taught his troops the facts about the
total nature of the insidious cancer of
comunism.
In the past few months it has become
increasingly obvious that this smear
campaign has resulted in the sidetrack-
ing of the career of a brililant officer
and fine commander. Our own country
is allowing this man to be crucified for
his patriotism and devotion to the best
interest of his country and the troops
he commanded.
There has been much guessing as to
General Walker's next assignment.
Only a few short months ago, he was
spoken of favorably as a future corps
commander. It is now apparent that
General Walker not only will not be a
corps commander, but he will not com-
mand. He has been pigeonholed. His
new assignment is Assistant Deputy for
Operations in U.S. Army Headquarters
in Heidelberg, Germany. The Deputy
for Operations, General Walker's imme-
diate supervisor, is also a major general,
an officer with a splendid record who is
perfectly competent to carry out the
functions of his post without another
major general as his assistant. General
Walker's job could not be a more obvious
pigeonhole.
I recall that almost every year the
Army has expressed to the Armed Serv-
ices Committee its need for more gen-
eral officers. The assignment, there-
fore, of a general officer who is
recognized for his command abilities to
such a job as that to which General
Walker has been assigned could not be
more con.spicuods. General Walker is
to be a continuing example of what can
happen to an officer's career who takes
his patriotism, his oath. of office to de-
fend his country against all enemies,
foreign and domestic, and his command
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
ent that articles concerning the Walker
une of August 20, the Charleston, S.C.,
News amid. Courier of August 9, and the
New York Journal-American of August
15, as well as translations of articles
from the Soviet newspaper, Red Star, of
July 18 and July 22, be printed in the
RECORD at the conclusion of my re-
marks:
There being no objection, the material
was ordered.to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From .;he Chicago Sunday Tribune, Aug.
20, 1961]
GENERAL WALKER URGES: INSTILL VALOR IN
U.S. C c,OLDIERS--ASSERTS TRAINING Is AN-
SWER 'CO MENTAL WAR
(By Chesly Manly)
CLEVmAND, August 19.---Veterans of the
1st Special Service Force today gave Maj.
Gen. Edwin A. Walker, their World War II
commander, a moving demonstration of
trust and affection after lie expressed con-
fidence that American a:nd Canadian sol-
diers, if properly prepared, can withstand
the enemy's new dimension of warfare-
brainwaeh:ing and mental warfare.
Not once In General Walker's 20-minute
speech did. he identify the enemy or men-
tion communism, for that would have vio-
lated the Kennedy administration's ban on
anti-ColrmLunist talks by military leaders.
General Walker's address to the men he
commanded In Italy, when they spearheaded
a drive that cracked the German line, was
his first public appearance since he was re-
lieved o:' command of the 24th Division in
Germany last April, and subsequently ad-
monished for using excessively strong lan-
guage in attacking communism.
RECALLS OLD VALOR
Tears :filled the eyes of the much deco-
rated Texas general, and his voice was af-
fected by emotion as he recalled the valor
and the spirit that distinguished American
soldiers of the 1st Special Service Force.
He sad he has tried to instill that same
spirit in all men under his command since
World War II'. "And it is a spirit," he said,
"that caaa make soldiers of men and men of
soldiers, inspired by God, country, and com-
radeship,"
Senator FRANK J. LAUSCHE, Democrat, of
Ohio, who was In Cleveland for another event,
read about General Walker's presence in a
newspaper and immediately called on him
at the Pick-Carter Hotel. Invited to speak
to the veterans, he said he was greatly in-
spired by their respect for General Walker,
whom he praised and welcomed and im-
plicitly defended against the charge of ex-
cessive seal In fighting communism.
JOINS FIGHT AGAINST GAG
Senator BARRY GOLDWATER, Republican, of
Arizona, and Senator STROM THURMOND,
Democrat, of South Carolina, have repeatedly
denounced the gagging of our military lead-
ers by the White House and civilian officials
of the Pentagon, but Senator LAUScH[E had
not previously spoken out on the contro-
versy.
"If our military leaders, in speaking to
their men, make a mistake, t want the mis-
take to be too much and not too little about
the virtues of our country and the evils of
communism." LAVscHE said, "I want our
Approved For Release 2003/10/10 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200110007-5