CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE

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14194 Approved For 6pp&j fflNjj: 8R 64BW 000200110008-4 August 15
for a population of 179,323,175 for a ican public, yet the Senate was increased ladies in tennis shoes. They are bound to-
House of the same 435 seats. and the House was not. gether by an obsessive fear of communism,
Although the House of Represents- It was never intended that the House a word which they define to include any
ideas differing from their own, even though
tives was consistently increased in the of Representatives, of all bodies, be re- these ideas may differ even more markedly
number of seats as the population in- moved from the people. The only oc- with the ideas of Marx, Engels, Lenin, and
creased and new States were admitted casion on which George Washington, Khrushchev. In response to this fear they
into the Union, now, with a smashing President of the Constitutional Conven- are willing to give up a large measure of the
increase in population and two addi- tion, entered into the discussions of the freedoms guaranteed them by the U.S. Con-
tional new States, the effect of allowing Convention was when he urged that the stitution in favor of accepting the dictates
the House to remain at 435 seats is tan- House be made accessible to more peo- of their "founder." They seek, by fair means
or foul, to force the rest of VS to follow their
tamount to a reduction in the size of pie rather than less. James Madison example. They are pathetic.
the House, contrary to precedent and reported in his Journal of the Federal AN APPROACH TO THE BIRCH SOCIETY--COMEDY?
contrary to the very increases, in fact, Convention that when it was proposed and spokesmen, dealing with
to 436 seats when Alaska was admitted that the constitutional requirement of Manthe ny writers have dismissed them with
to the Union, and a further increase to 1 Representative for every 40,000 be ridicule.
437 seats when Hawaii was admitted, amended to 1 for every 30,000, George Arthur Krock, in the New York Times of
and contrary to the fact that the House Washington spoke out on the pro- April 7, 1961, suggested that, "Ridicule is
as now constituted has 437 seats. posed amendment and urged its adop- becoming a lost art in American public con-
If Hawaii is to be allotted 2 seats and tion and asserted that it would give him troversies. For no citizens, however well-
Alaska 1 seat and the House still be much satisfaction to see the smaller meaning, have made their movement and its
limited to 435 seats, it follows that the ratio of representation be adopted in followers a more vulnerable target to de-
Louse eliminated 3 seats of its then mem- order to further secure the rights and struction through ridicule than have the
mem-
founder and some the prominent
bership when it voted for the admission interests of the people. As momentous bers of the e John n Birch meyn-
ch Society."
o? those 2 States into the Union. That and weighty as all the other provisions Krock Went on to point out that President
was never intended and such an unin- of the Constitution are and were when Franklin D. Roosevelt had caused the
tentional effect should not now be given. they were being considered in convention, emasculation of the old Liberty League by
It was never presented to the House, in only on this item and on this item alone, making the general public laugh at it. When
terms, that the House should reduce its did Washington express his direct con- the Liberty League's membership was pub-
size and it was not contemplated that tern. lished, with its glittering galaxy of multi-
any existing seats will be sacrificed to The foresight and penetrating wis- millionaires, President Roosevelt publicly
inquired with an innocent air, "just what
the new States, welcome as they are. dom of the founders of our Government liberties the DuPonts and General Motors
In deed and in fact, the Senate was not have been proved repeatedly. Their had lost."
reduced in size when new States were guidelines and admonitions have served Attorney General Robert Kennedy stated
added, to the contrary, it was increased us well. They wanted a government of that the Birch Society is "ridiculous, and I
in size from 92 seats in 1910 to 100 seats the people, by the people and for the don't think anybody should pay much at-
in 1960. Unless corrective measures are people, not a government by anybody tention to them," and William Mauldin, in
taken it will be the indoor sport of else. They did not envisage converting the St. Louis Post-Dispatch, lampooned the
statisticians and theoreticians to specu- Capitol Hill to Mount Olympus. Birch Society with a cartoon entitled "Malice
late over whose seats were displaced by I respectfully submit that with all this, in Wonderland.?"
Founder Robert Welch stated during his
the new admittees, and, was it worth it. and the very inherent nature of our Gov- recent California appearance that, "I do not
Since the size of the House was set ernment, favorable consideration for an like Chief Justice Earl Warren. He has
at 435 seats in 1910 this country has increase in the size of the Hou aken the lead in converting this country
seen our population virtually doubled Representatives is compelled. o democracy." Arthur Caylor, in the San
from what it was then; our legislation Francisco News-Call Bulletin, wrote that
less excitement over the Birch Society is in-
,
multipiied multifold; our blood poured JOHN BIRCH SOCIETY dicated ever since Birch has charged Chief
on distant battlefields in World War I, Justice Warren "with bringing this country
World War R, and Korea. Our Nation (Mr. ROOSEVELT (at the request of to the brink of democracy." He added that,
emerged as a world power and world I Mr. STRATTON) was given permission to "Anybody who starts out to fight commu-
leader: a League of Nations, a United extend his remarks at this point in the nism in America by calling democracy 'mob
Nations, at NATO, a SEATO. Never had RECORD and include extraneous matter.) rule' can assure himself of a future filled
the people of the United States, as in- Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, I am with futility."
dividuals, been -so intimately concerned in receipt of a report by the attorney Columnist Al Capp, in the Los Angeles
with the affairs of Government; never general of the State of California, the Mirror, suggests: "There must be some other
has the Government been so intimately Honorable Stanley Mosk, prepared by branch of the Federal Government, some
mental health setup,
with the affairs of the individ- his assistant, Howard H. Jewel, at the , which keeps its eye
on groups that start off being just ridicu-
ual, as since 1910; since income tax was request of the able Governor of that lous, like the Nazi Party, or the old Bol-
adopted; since social security legislation great State, the Honorable Edmund G. sheviks, but which in time become danger-
was adopted; since controls over greed (Pat) Brown, relative to the John Birch ously lunatic as they did. People like that
and avarice were adopted so that no Society. This report, written with an are ridiculous, it'? true, and good for a laugh
American shall again go hungry, or appropriate admixture of satire and ear- at a press conference. But once the nuts
mulcted out of his savings, or deprived nestness, analyzes the philosophy, struc- get organized, they can take over the
of a fair return for his labor, his farm, ture, membership, and methods of the asylum."
his risks, and be prey to foreign ideol- Birchers. Senator J. W. FULBRIGHT, of Arkansas, in-
serted in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, under
ogies which breed on the heartaches and Also, it contains numerous comments date of April 18, 1961., an article which indi-
resentments of distress, dismay, and dis- of a light, as well as a serious, quality cated similar fears, but it considers the
affection. that have been made with regard to this Birch Society "more a nuisance than a peril."
At no time prior to 1910 was there association. For the edification, illumi- The Fulbright article states that "these
a recession comparable to the depres- nation, and enjoyment of my colleagues, people don't need condemnation, they need
sion of 1929. No achievements prior to I present this report to the House: help. They need, each of them, a quick
1910, in the area of nuclear science, or STATE OF CALIFORNIA, OFFICE OF course in American history, a heart-to-heart
talk with
the supersonic speeds in the world of THE ATTORNEY IYENERAL, DEPART- a trustworthy friend, and then,
perhaps, a good long rest."
aerodynamics, or space flights in the MENT OF JUSTICE, The Fulbright piece suggests that the
art of communication, navigation, and Sacramento, Calif., July 7, 1961. members of the Birch Society have acquired
astronomy, compare in immediate im- Hon. EDMUND G. BROWN, some kind of a political" "virus, and have
pact on the Nation and its safety. Governor of California, State Capitol, simply gotten together to share its misery."
In all this, and with all this, a House DEAR GoVE&v Calif.
DEAR NO& BROWN: Pursuant to your TRAGEDY?
of 435 seats may be considered as having request of recent date, I am reporting here- Other Writers and spokesmen see in the
acted well and wisely, that is subject to with on the John Birch Society. Birchers a deadly menace.
debate, but it is for us to remember that The cadre of the John Birch Society seems Many segments of organized religion, for
it is not the Senate, it is the House that to be formed primarily of wealthy business- example, have been deeply disturbed over
is closest to the rank and file of the Amer- men, retired military officers, and little old Birch charges of Communist Infiltration.
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1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE
recommendations, the first of very few,
as I have said, over a very long period
represents a step in the right direction.
Here is how the editorial concludes:
It does indicate that the standards are
being tightened, and pleas for trade barriers
will be more carefully examined than per-
haps they have been. The letter is only a
straw In the wind. But the wind is blowing
in the proper direction.
My goodness, Mr. Speaker, what are
these people talking about-"blowing in
the proper direction"? So far we have
not been getting any real relief from the
escape clause at all, as I have demon-
strated. Does the Washington Post sug-
gest now that it is going to be even
tougher to get relief from the escape
clause in the future than it has been in
the past? Getting lower than 12 per-
cent would be pretty hard to do, after
all. And we are told that this is a step
in the right direction? What do these
people want, anyway? Do they want to
ignore completely the clearly expressed
intent of Congress? Well, Mr. Speaker,
if that is what is really projected-that
no relief at all should be granted to those
who are genuinely and demonstrably in
need of this relief, and for whom Con-
gress has determined relief should be
provided-then we will indeed, in my
judgment, be sailing into dark and dan-
gerous waters ahead for the whole con-
cept of reciprocal trade.
Fortunately, Mir. Speaker, there came
out of the Tariff Commission the other
day another favorable decision, and this
one was not by a split vote, as was the
case with the baseball gloves, but by a
unanimous decision. It was in behalf of
the carpet industry. That is the same
industry that went before the Commis-
sion 2 years ago, as I said, and got
turned down this year. They saw
things getting worse and they went back
to the Commission to show to the Com-
mission the increased gravity of the em-
ployment situation and presented other
pertinent economic data about the de-
cline in jobs and the tremendous rise
in imports. This time the Commission
reversed itself and rendered a unani-
mously favorable decision for the carpet
industry, specifically with regard to
wilton and velvet carpets, a decision
which is being hailed by the way, back
in my district, in Amsterdam, and else-
where as the first real ray of light and
hope that his shined on this seriously
depressed economic community in many
and many a year. I congratulate the
Tariff Commission on their courage in
reversing an earlier position. Today this
decision of theirs rests on the desk of the
President of the United States and I
certainly hope and pray that he will
speedily grant to the carpet industry the
relief recommended by the Tariff Com-
mission.
I hope so in the first place, because
the city of Amsterdam desperately
needs this relief. They tell me back
home that if, the President grants the
relief recommended almost 5D0 jobs will
be created overnight in Amsterdam.
What music to the ears of a local de-
pressed area, what a delicious tonic for
those back home who wonder some-
times whether we here in Government
really care any more.
And secondly, this relief should be ap-
proved. Mr. Speaker, because only by
the acceptance of this kind of unani-
mously favorable recommendation out
of the Tariff Commission can there be
any assurance that the escape clause is
actually working after all, and that the
wind really is blowing in the proper di-
rection, the direction Congress intended
it should blow.
Mr. Speaker, let us speak frankly.
The reciprocal trade program comes up
for extension next year. With this kind
of legislation before us, it will be most
important that every Member determine
whether the will of Congress has in fact
been carried out in the time since Con-
gress last acted.
Does reciprocal trade hurt domestic
industry? Has the escape clause pro-
cedure which Congress provided in order
to relieve these affected industries ac-
tually been administered to grant help?
Here, in the carpet case then, is a
golden opportunity, it seems to me, to
prove that this escape clause can and
does and will be allowed to work. I am
sure I speak for all of the people in my
district and for many other thousands
of people connected with the carpet in-
dustry and with the textile industry
around the Nation, when I say we earn-
estly hope the decision of the President
will be a favorable one, and that the
recommendation of the Tariff Commis-
sion granting relief to the carpet indus-
try will bey approved. In this way Amer-
ican working men and women can have
confidence that their Government in its
concern for people overseas has not for-
gotten or neglected those here at home
who also have proper and legitimate
needs.
SIZE OF THE HOUSE OF REPRE-
SENTATIVES
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Massachusetts [Mr. LANE] is
recognized for 15 minutes.
Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, through the
ages, from Plato to Locke, philosophers
have theorized as to the best form of
government wherein the innate best
qualities of the individual can be given
full and free expression.
Our forefathers crystallized and put
into serviceable form the philosophies
for a theoretical good government when
they devised the Constitution and the
Bill of Rights. By adopting a repre-
sentative form of government and by
asserting as basic principles of govern-
ment that man's inalienable right to
life, liberty, and the pursut of happi-
ness is a democratic institution, they
gave substance and meaning to western
civilization.
Through such means, and to that end,
democracy became synonymous with
man's highest attainment in and for
self-government, and since the adoption
of the Constitution in 1789, the world
has seen governments rise on the promise
of adopting those principles and has
seen governments topple for failure to
grasp or maintain them.
14793
Today there are governments who pro-
claim themselves to be democratic but
by their principles, organization, and
practices it is clear that they are the
same forms of tyranny against which
man has always fought to free himself.
The term "democracy" has been ex-
ploited by those who would enslave or
continue the enslavement of mankind
and under its, guise and through decep-
tive practices it was used to foist com-
munism, fascism, nazism, and every
form of dictatorship and oppression up-
on millions of people everywhere.
However other people and other na-
tions may be duped or betrayed, in other
countries, Band forced into a dictatorship,
it was the will and the wisdom of the
founding fathers that our txue concept
of a just government, of equal rights,
of majority rule and minority interests,
be preserved[. For that purpose they de-
termined that the House of Representa-
tives shall be the body of the Govern-
ment closest to the people so that the
people shall always have unhindered
access to their Government; so that the
people shall always have, in their Gov-
ernment, a:a: unstified voice; so that the
Government; can speedily and readily de-
termine the will of the people.
Consonant with those ideals and prin-
ciples, as trace country grew and as new
States were admitted to the Union, this
House was enlarged consistently through
every decennial census since the First
Congress in 1789 until the Thirteenth
Census in 1910, and those increases were
conformable to the thinking of the
framers of the Constitution and the
States that adopted it. There was one
exception, in 1840, when due to a
mathematical peculiarity, the House was
reduced in size although the population
increased grid the anomaly was immedi-
ately corrected.
When the census of 1910 showed the
then unprecedented increase in popu-
lation from Ili million in 1900 to 91 mil-
lion in 1910, an increase of 16 million
in a single decade, the apportionment
act of 1911 fixed the total membership
of the House at the then existing figure
of 435 seats. which included an allow-
ance for the contemplated admission of
Arizona and New Mexico into the Union
and that constituted a sizable increase
over the 391 seats under the :L900 census.
From 1910 to this very date, the size
of the House was fixed at 435 seats al-
though the population increased by 31
million between 1910 and 1930, an addi-
tional 28 million between 1930 and 1950,
and a further additional increase of 29
million between 1950 and 1960.
An increase of 16 million in popula-
tion plus the contemplated entrance of
2 States into the Union gave rise to
settling the size of the House from 393
seats to 435 seats, back in 1910. Noth-
ing, however:, was done during the inter-
vening years while the population in-
creased by 88 million and two more
States, Alaska, and Hawaii, were ad-
mitted into the Union. Whereas the
apportionment ratio per thousand in-
creased from 194 in 1900 for a popula-
tion of 75 million to 211 in 1910 for a
population of 91,972,266, the present
ratio is now 412, under the 1960 census,
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As a result, some organized religious groups
have taken unprecedented stands against
these irresponsible attacks.
The leader of the United Presbyterian
Church, Dr. Eugene Carson Blake, urged
T embers of his church to "get off the de-
nsive and in every church begin the attack
that our Nation needs to be protected from
those who in their fear of communism would
destroy American freedom."
In striking out at Welch and the Birchers,
Blake said, "The old lies are being actively
circulated by the same people who were Mc-
Carthy's stooges a few years ago but are now
organized into typical totalitarian cells. His
argument to trust him is that he (Welch)
has a 'nose for Communists.' I don't think
his nose is very accurate if he -calls Presi-
dent Eisenhower a Communist." Follow-
ing Blake's address to the sessions of the
Los Angeles Presbytery on May 8, the dele-
gates unanimously passed a resolution alert-
Ing their membership to slanderous accusa-
tions and charges of communism in the
church."
In a recent appearance in California,
Welch told an audience that 7,000 Protes-
tant ministers in the Nation "can fairly be
called Communists or Communist sympa-
thizers. Protestant ministers do not become
Communists, but Communists do become
Protestant ministers," he said.
Responding to that accusation, a group of
137 southern California ministers published
a statement assailing this blanket accusa-
tion. Said the leading ministers of southern
California:
"Our churches, schools and other tradi-
tional institutions in the United States, as
well as many of our beloved statesmen, edu-
cators and clergymen, have been subjected
to vicious attacks by blanket accusations and
by unsupported charges.
"In the present world situation it is all
too easy for persons of good will to be
'conned' into taking positions and supporting
methods which are actually destructive of
the valid ends they seek.
"Any group or individual, however well in-
tentioned, that promotes a program of ha-
tred, suspicion and distrust of our free Amer-
ican institutions, and that indulges in the
irresponsible labeling of people and institu-
tions, is unwittingly serving the cause of
those who would destroy these institutions."
ROBERT WELCH: "FOUNDER"
Robert Welch, an embittered candymaker
of Belmont, Mass., and a former member of
the board of directors of the National As-
sociation of Manufacturers, founded the
John Birch Society in December of 1958
with the publication of his "Blue Book of
the John Birch Society." This 179-page
document blueprints the purposes and
structure of the John Birch Society. All
references following, unless otherwise noted,
are to the Blue Book. The Blue Book is not
to be confused with "The Politician," which
was a "personal letter circulated to friends"
and is now withdrawn from circulation.
"The Politician" contains Welch's most
widely quoted statement: that President Ei-
senhower is a "dedicated, conscious agent
of the Communist conspiracy."
"The John Birch Society will operate
under completely authoritative control at
all levels" (p. 159). "Those members who
cease to feel the necessary degree of loyalty
can either resign or will be put out before
they build up any splintering following of
their own inside the society" (p. 161). "We
shall have shortcuts for eliminating (dif-
ferences of opinion) without going through
any congress of so-called democratic proc-
esses" (p. 162).
At the apex of this authoritarian heap is
the "Founder" (always with a capital F)
.
"I want no other title than that of its can wno believes In fluoridation or mental
Founder" (p. 158). "(I) offer myself as a health programs or the U.N. or Federal aid
personal leader in this fight and ask you to to education-or all four of these-on the
follow that leadership" (p. 170). other hand. Not so Mr. Welch. He and the
795
These quotations from the "blue book" Birchers angrily lump all these together
demonstrates the totalitarian character of under the blanket accusation of treason.
the John Birch Society. They also cause There are no grays for Mr. Welch, he offers
one to speculate about the recent attempts all of us the alternatives of agreement with
to some prominent Birchers to disassociate him or treason. He concludes accordingly
themselves from some of Welch's more ex- that the press, radio and television are dom-
otic statements. So far as can be ascer- inated by Communist influence (p. 35). "It
tained, none of these attempts have met is clear that treason-and a willingness to
with excommunication from the Birch So- close one's eyes to treason which is itself
ciety. One concludes therefore that either treasonous-were widespread in our high
Welch has authorized the deviation or that army circles" (p. 6). The Communists
he feels it is not material. presently control the Hawaiian Islands (p.
Since publishing this book, Welch has de- 20). "The trouble in our Southern States
voted his time primarily or exclusively to has been fomented almost entirely by the
recruiting for the John Birch Society. Ap- Communists" (p. 29). American foreign aid
parently, in his talks throughout the coun- was planned by Communists to advance
try he makes virtually the same speech communism (p. 32).
which he made in Los Angeles and Santa
in April indicate the identical line, and-In issues some Americans have adopted the
some instances the precise expressions and formula that, "if the Communists are for it
phrases used in California. The New Deal we ought to be against it and vice versa."
was "foreign, phony, and a failure." The Welch has ruined this formula by the addi-
Communists "engineered the defeat of tion of his principle of reversal. This Alice
Robert Taft in the contest for the 1952 Re- in Wonderland concept has it that many of
publican nomination for President, at which the things the Communists profess to be
time President Eisenhower was nominated for, they are really against. They only say
by the Republican Party." they are for it so that we will be against.
Welch also cascades down the tomb of the For example, Welch characterizes U.N.
late Joe McCarthy, defending not only Mc- one of Secretary the mGeneralost Dag contemptible Rabble arskjold as
Carthy's anticommunism, but, he says, "In- agents of
deed there was nothing wrong with Mc- the Kremlin ever supported by the Ameri-
Carthy's methods from the point of view of can taxpayers." When Khrushchev waxes
the patriotic American." frenetic about H sjoid, Welch ox-
In Houston, as in other communities, he plains that Khrushchev shchev only does so be-
declined a press conference and would not cause he wants us to defend Hammar-
submit to questioning by members of the skjold, thus keeping him at his post.
press or television corps. He particularly Welch tells us that many American or-
scorned representatives of newspapers that ganiuniss generally supposed to be anti-
have been critical of him. Communist are really Communist. "Some
Welch also sees himself in the role of a of them have no more harmful purpose than
martyr. "In this fight against vastly en- merely to drain off, into innocuous wasteful-
trenched evil," he says, "some grow tired, ness, money and effort which might other-
some grow old, and some like myself grow anti-Communist wise find its way invitiesreally Others are and
bold."
bold." His whole approach, states the news- activities. Others are pri-
the Texas Observer, suggests a "flight manly designed to offer protective Colora-
to amoralit tion to Communists who can thus get them-
he loses rather than gains popular support. A last and perhaps even more bizarre
Part of his difficulty stems from his refusal example of the principle of reversal:
to submit to the normal interrogation by Welch believes that the real reason the
newspaper reporters. Russians sent sputnik aloft was because
As a result of his recent tour through they wanted us to increase our defense
Texas, Troy Martin, publisher of the Canyon spending (pp. 33-34). "Although our dan-
(Tex.) News, a conservative newspaper cir- ger remains almost entirely internal, from
culated in a conservative area of Texas, Communist influences right in our midst
wrote the following editorial: and treason right in our Government, the
"Even some of the stanchest members of American people are being persuaded that
the John Birch Society have expressed doubt our danger is from the outside
is from
,
in the leadership of the Society since Bob Russian military superiority. And under
Welch, its top man, made an appearance at the excuse of preparing to match that mili-
Amarillo Saturday. We cannot approve of tary might, or defending ourselves from this
this man who believes that he is the only threat of outside force; in other words, un-
man alive ready, willing, and able to lead the der the guise of fighting communism, we
fight against communism, Welch sneers at are being stampeded into the biggest jump
democracy and in his blue book labels it a ever toward, and perhaps the final jump
perennial fraud. He says a Republican form right into socialism and then the Communist
of government has many attractions under camp" (p. 32).
certain favorable conditions. Welch looks This results in a "heads they win, tails
with suspicion upon labor, management, re- we lose" proposition of hideous proportion.
liglon, government, newspapers, and in fact If we increase American military might to
about everyone except Bob Welch. i do not resist Russia, we are playing into Russian
believe that the American people yet have to hands. If we reduce American military
choose between fascism and bolshevism. We might, we are playing into Russian hands.
must understand once and for all that there It is no wonder then that Welch and his
is little actual difference between fascism Birchers are so frantic in their self-induced
and bolshevism. Both are headed up by a terror. Thus, Welch concludes: "that, un-
type of latter-day nobility bent upon ex- less we can reverse forces which now seem
ploiting an enslaved people. We must fight inexorable in their movement, (we) have
communism, but we must also beware lest only a few more years before (the United
we nurture something as bad." States) will become four separate provinces
In assessing patriotism most Americans in a worldwide Communist domination
would feel the need for differentiating be- ruled by police-state methods from the
tween a paid agent of the Soviet espionage Kremlin" (p. 9).
The duck formula is another device which
has occasionally been used as a substitute
for thinking about the issues. This canard
(no pun intended) was effectively shot down
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14796 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE August 15
by the gentleman who rose to ask: "If it ing the word "Republic" whenever a speaker that Lenin's teachings and predictions were
walks like a doctor, talks like a doctor, and referred to "democracy." The visitors in- correct-"
looks like a doctor, would you let it operate terrupted and insulted the audience and Returning again to Alice in tWonderla[~nd
wonder
on you?" Nevertheless, the temptation to speakers. thinking, we
play Welch's game In reverse by pointing The following day, this performance by a say that Welch and the John Birch Society
out the similarities between the John Birch similar group of invaders, 72 in all, die- are proof that Lenin was correct because they
Society and the Communist Party is irre- rupted a peaceful meeting of a club in En- want us to oppose Birchism. If so, we should
sistible. Thus, one notes: Gino at the local community center. The support the Birchers and confound the Rus-
s. Standard Communist strategy for coun- Birch members were so vocal and abusive in scans. On the other hand, applying the
tries marked for takeover Is to sow in those their interruptions that it became necessary principle of reversal, perhaps they only say
countries seeds of doubt and suspicion to call police officers In order to prevent this to make us support the Birchers. If so,
against the Government and leaders. Here physical violence. we should oppose the Birchers and confound
the John Birch Society founder has accused Members of the Birch Society have indi- the Russians. We can only conclude with
a former President of the United States, a cated that they learn about these meetings Alice that "things are getting curlouser and
former Secretary of State, the Chief Justice by means of infiltration into legitimate po- curiouser." -
of the United States, the Chief of CIA, and litical organizations, and that the invasion BIRCHISM AND POLITICS
other top-ranking Government leaders with and disruption of peaceable assemblies of g,ithough the Birch Society leadership has
treason. Thus does the John Birch Society citizens is part of their program of action. be >n scathingly critical of all existing politi-
do the work of Communists. A particularly vicious piece of literature cal: parties, there is the constant danger that
2. The John Birch Society is implacably has been circulated by Birch Society mem- it will become affiliated with an attempt to
opposed to the most effective of the free hers in the Manhattan Beach area, attacking take over all or some part of one of the
world's defenses against communism. It is the minister of the local Methodist church. existing political parties.
opposed to the Marshall plan, the United Similar activities have been directed at The official Democratic Party, through its
Nations, the North Atlantic Treaty Organi- schoolteachers and board of education mem- State central committee, is on record pub-
zation, and to increased military spending Tiers in many other California areas. licit' repudiating the Birch Society. Most
for the United States. Their opposition Again, infiltration into legitimate organi- leading Republicans have taken a similar
against these defenses is matched only by zations and disruptive tactics have long been stand.
that of Khrushchev and Moa Tse-tung. Who standard Communist practice. Despite the repudiation by Republican
Is allied with whom? 6. The Birch Society is a monolithic au- leadership, some Republican groups do give
3. Domestically, the John Birch Society thoritarian organization with the policy dic- the society the encouragement of a forum.
opposes civil rights, collective bargaining, tated from above and no dissent permitted Two Republican Congressmen from southern
and the social gospel of religions. In the in its ranks. The Communist Party is a California, EDGAR HIE STAND and JOHN
nations which they rule, the Communists monolithic authoritarian organization with ROUSSE:LOT, have admitted membership in
oppose these also. 'policy dictated from above and no dissent ui-
vocal denial of his his limefter m an bership, original nal eq egss-
4. The Birch Society believes in the organ- permitted in its ranks. the
ization of "fronts." "We would organize Even the Russians apparently believe that man R denial OT has become a most ardent
fronts--little fronts, big fronts, temporary Welch and the Birch Society are actively advocate of the Birch Society and is ire-
fronts, permanent fronts, all kinds of fronts" serving the Communist cause. The Literary quoted in the press as making
Gazette of Moscow, under date of April 41 quently
(p. 86) . speeches in defense of it.
Some of these fronts have recently made 1961, carried the followling article in the The fact of their membership in the Birch
their appearance here in California. The Russian language: society was not publicly known. at the time
Freedom Club at the University of California "THE FUHRER WELCH AND HIS JOHN BIRCH these two Congressmen were elected.
at Santa Barbara is one prime- example. In SOCIETY Whether these men subscribe to the dogma
spite of the best efforts by the leadership of
"The predictions of Lenin are materializ- of the John Birch Society as laid down by
the John Birch Society to prevent any identi- ing in the course of history. Lenin pre- Robert Welch in the Blue Book; whether
ably enxposed with as the a front Freedom for Club, the it John was very Birch dicted that the capitalistic society will stran- dual. membership in the John Birch Society
ably exposed itself to death due to their economic and the Republican Party is intellectually
Society by the Santa Barbara News-Press and and social system. This is exactly the way compatible, are matters which their con-
by local law enforcement agencies in Santa Lenin's predictions are coming true in the stituents may want to ascertain should
Barbara. United States of America. either of these two Congressmen seek re-
After Columbia Broadcasting System Tale- "Lenin said that the most ardent foes of election.
vision Commentator Grant Holcomb was re- communism will eventually become fright- Welch says: "We shall have to use poli-
pulsed In his efforts to interview Welch on a ened and suspicious of anybody that does ticians, support politicians, create politicians
telecast from Santa Barbara, Holcomb was not agree with them. In this manner these and help the best ones we can find to get
roundly abused in correspondence from a extremely nationalistic capitalists will actu- elected. I am thoroughly convinced, how-
group which called itself the committee ally work for the cause of communism by ever, that we cannot count on politicians,
against nihilism. Letters berating Holcomb eliminating some of the largest obstacles on political leadership, or even political action
were sent to him and also to officials of CBS. the road toward a worldwide Communist except as a part of something much deeper
This despite the fact that any objective ob- way of life. and. broader, to save us" (p. 124). Else-
server of the attempt by Holcomb to inter- "This was true in the past and history is vr:here in the blue book Welch makes it clear
view Welch would concede that his perform- repeating itself again. Several years ago an that his distrust stems from the inability
ante was journalistically proper and polite. American Senator by the name of McCarthy of politicians to swallow the entire Birch
Another new organization, apparently a performed a great service to world commu- mystic since they must apply 'themselves to
Birch front is called realtors for American nism and actually supported our cause by `extraneous" matters, i.e., they must get
freedom, shortened to the initials RAF. throwing suspicion of Communist affiliation elected. -
Officers and leaders of this RAF group on some very important personalities of the To date, Welch and the Birchers have
boast oftheir use of the realtors association capitalist world. He was so involved in this flirted alternately with the idea of creating
to assert political strength in Sacramento, particular activity that instead of harming, E. third party and with attempts to infiltrate
and they relate to their membership that he actually strengthened the Communist the, Republican Party. These flirtations
through an ex-Army colonel, they have ac- party in the United States. have produced nothing more than a cold
cess to FBI information on suspected Com- "Now the Communist movement has shoulder,
munists. The RAF group is attended by gained unexpectedly a new supporter. His WHITHER BIRCHISM?
even greater secrecy than the Birch Society
itself.. name is Robert Welch. This former candy- As is apparent, the entire Birch pheno-
maker went one step further. He has pub- Inenon is redolent with strong overtones of
The use of "fronts" by the Communist lished a book which compares to Hitler's paranoia, with the "Communists" replacing
Party Is too well known to require documen- Mein Kampf, in which he outlines his pro- the more conventional paranoid "they."
tation here. gram. Mr. Welch calls his book 'The Poli- For the paranoid, life is a nightmare.
5. One of the least appealing of Welch's titian'. Only he can see the enemy. Only he under-
teachings is his open espousal of techniques "According to Welch, John Foster Dulles stand the nature of the peril. The more he
which he, himself, terms "mean and dirty" was a Communist agent, and his brother acts upon his systematized delusions, the
(p. 96). These tactics include the disruption Allen Dulles, the child of American intelli- ::Dore he is cast Out by his fellow man for
of peaceful public meetings. gence, is, after Eisenhower, the second ,ais oddness. This only serves to feed and
A particularly noteworthy series of such largest supporter of communism in Wash- ,onfrm his dark sraspicions and moves him
tactics has occurred in the San Fernando ington. Eisenhower's brother, Milton, is to every more bizarre beliefs. As these be-
Valley area of southern California. actually the boss of the American Commu- liefs become every more bizarre, he is ever
On Saturday, April 22, four local clubs nist Party." :pore the outcast, The circle goes round
sponsored a meeting at a public school, at (There follow description of "fronts and and round centripetally until swept into a
which a film and public discussion were cells" of the Birch Society. Then, in con- vortex of fanaticism and despair.
planned. Seventy to eighty John Birch So- elusion:) This, we predict, is the rock upon which
ciety members invaded the meeting and "This is the teaching of Robert Welch and the Birchers and their "founder" will
broke into cheers and boos on signal, shout- his John Birch Society. Here is more proof founder. Some examples:
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A few weeks ago, newspapers carried a of facts is rendered difficult. Temptation is
UPI story stating that a prominent Bircher, great to stop thinking, assign all evil to the
at a conservative convention in Chicago, had enemy, arrogate all virtue to ourselves, and
rejected BARRY GOLDWATER for his "social- comfort ourselves in righteous hatred. The
ism." Early in May, Senator GALE McGEE, Birchers have succumbed to this temptation.
of Wyoming, addressed the Senate of the From time to time I receive enquiries con-
United States and stated that the John cerning various groups and organizations.
Birch Society's White Book now accuses the
U.S. Chamber of Commerce of having been
"permeated with leftists" because its course
of practical politics indicates that "liberals
and internationalists" have the best chance
of winning elections.
When such examples as Senator GOLDWATER
and the U.S. Chamber of Commerce are cast
out of the conservative camp, what leader-
ship remains? Only Mr. Welch.
The Blue Book makes it clear that indi-
vidual members of the Birch Society are to
have no say in determining what commu-
nism is, nor in who is a Communist. This
will be done for them by Mr. Welch (e.g., pp.
160-162).
Each day piles up additional evidence of
Welch's belief that he is the only true mes-
siah to rescue America from her enemies.
It is a short step from this to the assertion
that anybody who opposes Welch opposes
America. Since these delusions are not the
result of reason but spring instead from
emotional needs, there is no rational stop-
ping point for them. With the passage of
time, we predict that the Birchers will be-
come more splintered and the internecine
warfare more intense as they interpret nor-
mal differences of opinion between them-
selves as treason and thence attack their
opponent as not only wrong but immoral
as well.
THE ATTORNEY GENERAL AND THE JOHN BIRCH
SOCIETY
Having thus divested myself of some per-
sonal observations on he John Birch So-
ciety, I must hasten to add that they are
just that-personal observations. As At-
torney General, I am the chief "law officer
of the State. It might therefore be assumed
by some that I am officially passing on the
merits or demerits of the John Birch So-
ciety; that I am permitting or proscribing
the propagation of their dogma; or that I am
"investigating" them to determine whether
they should be silenced or put in jail. Such
an assumption betokens an unfamiliarity
with the U.S. Constitution. The Birch
Society has an equal right with the
Prohibitionists, the Vegetarians, the Repub-
licans, the Democrats, or, for that matter,
with any American, acting singly or in a
group to an expression of its views; and no
official, no matter how highly placed, can
say them nay. In America, preposterous-
ness prevents the acceptance but not the
expression of ideas.
As attorney general, I have no greater
right, but no less a right, to an expression
of my personal opinion than any other Cali-
fornian. This is the right of which I avail
myself here. Accordingly, we have not con-
ducted an investigation of the. John Birch
Society, nor do we intend to-we are not
"Birch Watchers." All of the material in
this report has either been in the public
press or was voluntarily submitted by in-
terested citizens. One effort by Department
of Justice employees to interview Robert
Welch and obtain his version of Birch So-
ciety activities was met with a crude rebuff.
This is in strange, contrast to subsequent
demands by Congressman HIESTAND and
other Birchers for "an investigation."
Should there be violations of California
law, as for example the disruption of public
meetings, I am confident that local law en-
forcement will know how to handle the
situation.
These, too, are parlous times for America.
There is no minimizing the threat to our
free institutions. The cold war goes on and
a hot war, hot to the temperatures of fusion
and fission, menaces the future. Under such
circumstances a patient, day-by-day analysis
Some are concerned with the John Birch
Society, many are concerned with organiza-
tions generally thought to be closely allied
with the Communist Party. These writers
generally want to know whether the given
organization is "all right." They want the
imprimatur of the attorney general to cer-
tain themselves.
While it might seem flattering to be the
repository of such faith, it seems to me that
these writers have failed to come to grips
with their duty as citizens. That duty, as I
conceive it, is for those persons to make the
investigation for themselves, being more self-
reliant and leaning less upon the label that
somebody else affixes to a person or organ-
ization. Accordingly, I generally advise such
persons to look into the organization, listen
to the ideas espoused, see the people es-
pousing them, and ask questions. Then they
can decide whether to join or oppose the
organization or simply stay home and watch
television.
Such a course of action is, of course,
grounded in a firm belief in the superiority
of democracy. Understandably, neither
Welch nor the Communists brook dissention
or the discussion which its its progenitor.
Just as understandably, supporters of de-
mocracy welcome such discussion, for they
know that a discussion which pits the
philosophy of birchism or communism
against that of democracy can only serve
to strengthen democracy, and they know
that strengthening democracy is the best
weapon against communism. If the day
ever dawns when democracy fears to take
on all corners in the field of competing ideas,
then democracy will already have died.
Mr. Welch says: "Democracy is merely a
deceptive phrase, a weapon of demagoguery,
and a perennial fraud" (p 159). A century
ago, a giant of an American, Walt Whitman,
writing on the same subject, said:
"Democracy, while weapons were every-
where aim'd at your breast, I saw you
serenely give birth to immortal children,
saw in dreams your dilating form, saw you
with spreading mantle covering the world."
Respectfully yours,
STANLEY MOSK,
Attorney General.
By HOWARD H. JEWEL,
Assistant Attorney General.
CREATION OF U.S. DISARMAMENT
AGENCY FOR WORLD PEACE AND
SECURITY
(Mr. BOLAND (at the request of Mr.
STRATTON) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, today I
am joining with 52 of my House col-
leagues by filing a bill, recommended by
President Kennedy, to establish a U.S.
Disarmament Agency for World Peace
and Security. It am proud to be a co-
sponsor of this legislation which has bi-
partisan support in both the House and
Senate. Former President Eisenhower
has also endorsed the idea of an inde-
pendent Disarmament Agency with leg-
islative authorization. The Senate For-
eign Relations Committee today is hold-
Congress and should be enacted before
we adjourn. An ultimate goal of the
United States is a world which is free
from the scourge of war and the dangers
and burdens of armaments; in which
the use of force has been subordinated
to the rule of law; and in which inter-
national adjustments to a changing
world are achieved peacefully. It is the
purpose of this act, as outlined in section
2, to provide impetus toward this goal by
creating a new agency of peace to deal
with the problem of disarmament.
President Kennedy, in his message to
Congress proposing the creation of the
Disarmament Agency, went to the heart
of the issue in these words:
Peace cannot be brought about by con-
centrating solely on measures to control
and eliminate weapons. It must also en-
compass measures to sustain and strengthen
institutions and the rule of law. A disarm-
ament program must take into account the
national security, our foreign policy, the re-
lationships of this country to international
peace-keeping agencies, including the United
Nations, and our domestic, economic, and
other policies. It should drive toward the
creation of a peaceful world society in which
disarmament, except for the forces needed
to apply international sanctions, is the ac-
cepted condition of international life.
Mr. Speaker, I herewith submit an
editorial in today's Washington Post and
Times Herald entitled "Proclaiming Our
Hope," and columnist Roscoe Drum-
mond's article in yesterday's Washing-
ton Post and Times Herald entitled "Dis-
armament Agency Is Urgently Needed":
[From the Washington Post, Aug. 15, 1961]
PROCLAIMING OUR HOPE
Paradoxical as it may seem in view of Mr.
Khrushchev's bluster, now is precisely the
time when this country needs legislation
establishing a U.S. Disarmament Agency.
Fourteen Senators and 51 Representatives
have sponsored a bill to this end in response
to President Kennedy's request, and hearings
in the Senate began yesterday. The measure
ought to be approved promptly.
The reason for speed is partly tactical. It
is plain enough that this fall the Soviet
challenge to the United States in the United
Nations and elsewhere will be a total one,
using every element of pressure and propa-
ganda. One of the major efforts of Soviet
propaganda has been to advertise general
and complete disarmament-which has
never been more than a slogan-and to depict
the United States as a warmonger because
it insists upon looking at details. As part
of the plan to take the initiative, it is im-
portant for this country to have a regularized
agency to emphasize its own fond hope of
graduated and controlled disarmament.
More than this, as a matter of organiza-
tion, disarmament planning has been spread
thin over many agencies. Not until the last
year has there been an effort to centralize
policy responsibility and research studies.
On more than one occasion in the past, con-
tradictions and lack of coordination may
have persuaded the Soviet Union that this
country was not serious. A statutory agency
will have the authority and prestige to obtain
cooperation in determining what is feasible
and what is not-and that is the only basis
upon which disarmament can ever become
more than a slogan.
ing hearings on this legislation and I [From the Washington Post, Aug. 14, 1961]
hope that the House Foreign Affairs DISARMAMENT AGENCY Is URGENTLY NEEDED
Committee will schedule its hearings (By Roscoe Drummond)
soon. Can President Kennedy expect to mobilize
In my opinion this is one of the most congressional support for a vast, new, more
important measures to come before this armaments program, and at the same time
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14798 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
mobilize congressional support for a vast,
new, disarmament program?
if the present need is for an all-out effort
to build military strength, is this the time
for an all-out effort to get everybody to
agree to decrease military strength?
Since the Soviets have rejected any in-
spection they cannot veto and since we will
not accept disarmament we cannot inspect,
is this whole disarmament exercise so mean-
ingless that we might as well put it in
charge of an office boy?
in other words, should the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee lean back and yawn
as it takes testimony this week on the pro-
posed new U.S. Disarmament Agency for
World Peace and Security-or should it sit
bolt upright in the conviction that this is
urgent, imperative, and significant business?
I believe that creating the proposed Dis-
armament Agency is urgent, imperative, and
significant business.
My conviction is that the Congress will
be making; a grave mistake if it passes over
this present opportunity to make the cause
of world arms control-and disarmament-
a major American concern with an agency
operating at the highest level of Govern-
ment, manned by the most competent peo-
ple the President can command in order to
devise the soundest conceivable program.
There are solid reasons why, despite sur-
face appearances to the contrary, the Dis-
armament Agency is timely and needed:
1. pisarmament is a worldwide preoccupa-
tion. It is a deep and abiding concern
for millions and millions of people-and
rightly. The prospects of disarmament may
be more difficult and more remote than the
most wishful think and less difficult and less
remote than the most cynical think. It may
be as remote and difficult as getting to outer
space seemed a decade ago.
2. Discussion and debate on disarmament
are not going to be adjourned because there
is fighting in Laos, tension in Berlin, or con-
flict in the Conga. There have been almost
continuous disarmament negotiations with
the Soviets for the past 4 years. The United
States has not been well prepared for these
negotiations. It's time we were.
3. Sometime there has got to be a will and
a method to control the horrendous weapons.
A balance of military strength is safer than
an imbalance but an uncontrolled thermo-
nuclear arms race could explode any time
and something like 100 million casualties
would be part of the consequence.
4. Of course we won't get disarmament
until there is a change of attitude on the
part of the Soviets on inspection and control.
But regardless of the attitude of the Soviets-
even if they only talk about it on Sunday
and run away from it on Monday-the United
States ought to be ready with the most prac-
ticable, thoroughly considered, wisely de-
vised, and workable disarmament program
which our best brains can produce. Our
position on this matter before the whole
world ought to be positive, constructive, and
compelling.
John J. McCloy, the President's disarma-
ment adviser and aL : of the Nation's ablest
public servants, and William C. Foster, who
will probably succeed him, are convinced
that the proposed new Disarmament Agency
is the best means of achieving all these pur-
poses.
OUTER MONGOLIA
(Mr. KING of New York (at the re-
quest of Mr. LATTA) was given permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
Mr. KING of New York. Mr. Speak-
er, I have, since the first of this year,
supported any part of the administra-
tion's program whenever I sincerely felt
it would advance the cause of our in-
dividual freedom. On the other hand
I have opposed any policies, legislation
and actions which in my honest judg-
ment did not serve the best interests of
the American people.
In line with this policy, I wish to ap-
plaud the administration's recent an-
nouncement that it was suspending its
negotiations to establish diplomatic re-
lations with the central Asian Commu-
n'ist State of Outer Mongolia. I, too,
feel that in view of the present world
situation and because Mongolia is a
satellite of Soviet Russia, functioning-as
an independent Communist country un-
der the Soviet system, that it is definitely
within the best interest of the United
States to suspend any further consid-
eration of this matter at this time.
In support of the President's recent
announcement, I am today introducing
a concurrent resolution expressing the
sense of the Congress that diplomatic
recognition should not be extended to
the Mongolian People's Republic.
August 15
suaded both sides to continue discussions.
President Kennedy has directed Secre-
tary of Labor, Arthur Goldberg, to place
his persona] mediation services at the
disposal of the disputants. Negotiations
are continuing at this very moment.
SliOat progress had been made by the
weekend and there is a general feeling
that. an early settlement, albeit a tem-
porary one, is not outside the realm of
possibility.
1li:r. Speaker, both in 1948 and 1960 the
Met announced cancellation of its sea-
son and both times the seasons were
saved. at the last moment. It is my
earnest hope that once again reasonable
men will overcome their differences and
settle this dispute and that come 8 p.m.
October 23 the hall of the Metropolitan
Opera House will. be filled, the musicians
will be in their customary places in the
pit and that the 77th season of the Met
will be off to a glorious start.
FOREIGN AID PROGRAM
(Mr. DURNO (at the request of Mr.
METROPOLITAN OPERA
LNcTA) was given permission to extend
(Mr. LINDSAY (at the request of Mr., hi remarks at this point in the RECORD.)
LATTA) was given permission to extend Mr. DURNO. Mr. Speaker, 15 years
his remarks at this point in the RECORD.) ago at the close of mankind's most dev-
Mr. LINDSAY. Mr. Speaker, I am astating war, in an unprecedented ges-
certain that many of my colleagues are ture of national generosity and maturity,
aware that the Metropolitan Opera Co. this country embarked upon a vast
has announced the cancellation of its financial program tohelp both allies and
coming season. former enemies regain a soundeconomic
Although the Met is located in the city status and, in some cases, improve upon
of New York, and in my congressional their prewar economy.
district, the effects of the announced initially, foreign aid was presented to
cancellation will be felt in all parts of the Congress as a temporary program,
the country. For, in addition to the can- one which would end as each country re-
cellation of its regular season, the Met gained its footing. Over these years,
will have to forgo its 7-week spring American aid has been extended to vir-
tour of 1962 scheduled to bring the com- tu:ally every nation--new, old, and re-
pany to Boston, Cleveland, Atlanta, organized at a cost of nearly $90 billion-
Dallas, St. Louis, Minneapolis, Detroit, and no end to the program is in sight.
and Toronto. And, of course, the opera TO a large extent. the foreign aid pro-
broadcasts which have been a source of grans is inextricably interwoven with our
pleasure and enchantment for so many global strategy for defense of the free
years would-also be affected by a cancel- world and our own survival. It is not
].ation of the coming season. now possible to abruptly end our heavy
Many of the most distinguished artists financial burdens in this area. I hope,
of our time consider it a, privilege to ap- however, that we can set our sights on a
pear with the company. Through its logical and gradual withdrawal from this
frequent appearances and numerous re- type of support as the countries aided
cordings it has won friends for the are put in a position to carry :more of the
'United States in all parts of the world. cost of their own development.
Hence, it is one of our Nation's greatest We have before us an issue which
cultural assets. overshadows the arguments pro and con
What is involved here is much more on foreign aid which have developed over
than a labor-management dispute over, the years. This year the President has
a wage increase between the officials of proposed a 5-year program for aid to
the Metropolitan Opera Co. and local 802 underdeveloped countries. He has re-
of the American Federation of Musi- quested authority to borrow $8.8 billion
cians. There are larger issues at stake. from the Treasury to finance the pro-
For the Met is faced with rising costs grain, This is a departure from the
and heavily mounting deficits-now normal procedure which has very serious
close to $1 million a year-an amount implications.
which its patrons are finding extremely The validity of the argument for au-
difficult to meet. The Met is also faced thority to proceed with the development
with an increasing inability to provide assistance program for a period beyond
its musicians with a wage commensurate annual authorizations is recognized. The
with their artistic standing in the com- lonf;-range character of plans for the
munity. The upshot is that the cost of dlvelopment of the economic resources
attending the opera is all but prohibitive and productive capacities of underde-
for the general public who are always veloped countries requires assurance of
the losers in the end. continuity of effort over a reasonable pe-
In the meantime, steps have been riod of time. There is need for a method
taken in an attempt to bring the oppos- that will provide this assurance. At the
ing sides in thedispute to some sort of same time, the Members of Congress
agreement. Mayor Wagner has per- must discharge their constitutional ob-
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"Shun Birch Society Like Plague,"
Doctors Advised
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HENRY S. REUSS
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 13, 1961
Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, it is en-
couraging to see the rising tide of pub-
lic opinion against the John Birch So-
ciety. Recently the Wisconsin State
Medical Society has added its voice to
those warning against this extremist or-
ganization. In an editorial in the June
issue of the Wisconsin Medical Journal
they urge doctors to diagnose political
evil with the same care used for physical
ills.
The full text of the editorial follows:
The crackpot, the crank and the common,
garden-variety screwball have always been
characteristic of our democracy. Viewed as
a fragment of the lunatic fringe, the John
Birch Society may seem more ridiculous than
worthy of concern. But what this group and
its wealthy leader and founder, Robert
Welch, stand for will produce a sick sensa-
tion in the stomach of every patriotic Ameri-
can. '
The information that prominent medical
men in several communities have associated
themselves with the John Birch Society
causes dismay and consternation among doc-
tors of sense and perception.
The John Birch Society purports to fight
communism. To do this it organizes se-
cret and semi-secret groups who look around
their own communities for Communists to
expose. The society's Blue Book urges mean
and dirty techniques, underground infiltra-
tion, front organizations, and, in fact, all the
methods the Communists themselves use.
Among the Americans whom Robert Welch,
B. retired candy manufacturer, thinks might
1;e members of the Communist underground
were President Eisenhower, Dr. Milton Eisen-
hower, the late Secretary of State John Foster
Dulles and his brother, Allen Dulles, now
head of the Central Intelligence Agency.
The John Birch Society is, in its structure,
'frankly authoritarian. It insists that there
be no accounting of the funds contributed
to it "for reasons you will understand."
It regards democracy as a weapon of demo-
goguery and a perennial fraud.
Naturally, this kind of a setup has at-
tracted such characters as J. B. Matthews,
one-time supersleuth for the late Senator
Jpseph B. McCarthy, who got fired from his
job for picking on American clergymen as
supporters of the Communist apparatus.
It gathers the perennial paranoiac who sees
Society, or its affiliates, is a disgrace to the to reach a crisis beginning June 20 when
entire profession. House leaders plan to call up the public
There is room in our democracy for dif- school bill for floor action In the U,S. Con-
ference of opinion, and, as a Nation, we gress.
exercise our right to dissent almost to the Representative ADAM CLAYTON POWELL, the
point of license. But there is no room for controversial Negro Baptist minister from
the betrayal of our ideals, and the John New York City, who serves as chairman of
Birch Society is an avowed opponent of the the House Education and Labor Committee,
democratic ideal expressed In a' republican has promised to do all that he can to see that
form of government. private and parochial schools receive Fed-
It says It is anti-Communist; it is really eral aid.
antidemocratic. Robert Welch and his At the beginning of what I have to say this
minions call themselves ultraconservative. morning, let me state quite clearly that there
They take as their heroes the late Senator are two separate issues involved in the whole
Robert Taft and Gen. Douglas MacArthur. matter of Federal aid to education. The one
Senator Taft can't defend himself and Gen- involves Federal encroachment upon what
eral MacArthur has not yet commented. has been up to the present moment a State
But there is no question, after what has or local responsibility. The other issue in-
happened in communities like Glenview, volves church-state relationships. While I
Ill., and Santa Barbara, Calif.: the John have some real. convictions about the first is-
Birch Society is antidemocratic. Its theme sue, I shall limit what I have to say this
is hate, its method disruption. Like the morning to the second.
Nazi Party in Germany, it uses a:nticom- This is not the first time the church-state
munism as a tool to establish a t
t
ls
t
l
o
a
ar
an
America.
Hunting traitors, Communists or any
other kind, is the business of the Depart.
ment of Justice and the Federal Bureau of
Investigation. Over the years, these or-
ganizations have done their job well-far
better than local loud-mouths who looked
for Communist propaganda in Girl Scout
handbooks and found enemy agents where
none existed.
This country does not need private vigi-
lante groups to protect our institutions. We
don't need the John Birch Society and its
conspiratorial methods. Our country is
strong in its faith, firm in its ideals, and
steadfast in its devotion to the principles
which the John Birch Society abhors.
It is to be hoped that the doctors who
have allowed their names to Ape used by the
John Birch Society are Innocent victims of
misinformation. , Let them serve as ex-
amples for the rest of us who love our coun-
try and cherish democracy. Let us beware
of being deceived by high-sounding, super-
patriotic organizations whose ultimate aim
is the destruction of our Nation.
Let us use the same perception in the
diagnosis of political evil that we would use
in the diagnosis of physical maladies.
Let us shun the John Birch Society and
its front organizations like the plague.
been raised repeatedly. This time, however,
it has been raised with more vehemence than
ever before. For example, it was a very live
issue in last year's presidential campaign, and
the stand President Kennedy took probably
did more for his election than any other one
issue upon which he took a stand.
Often I am asked: Why all the fuss about
this issue? Shouldn't everybody receive
their fair share of the tax dollars? Often
the issue has been presented as one of in-
justice. Cardinal Spellman has done a good
job of this through the 'picture that he
persists in painting of the poor little Cath-
olic boy, standing in the rain getting wet,
while the public school bus passes him by,
refusing to pick him up and drop him off
at the corner near his church's school. This
illustration may thump heartstrings, but
it evades the basic issue involved. The issue
is basically and fundamentally a church-
state one.
You see, one of the main reasons why
many of our forefathers came to this coun-
try in the first place is because they lived
under oppression by the church. Massachu-
setts, for example, was colonized by sepa-
ratists who had broken away from the
Church of England and suffered persecution
at the hands of King James I. The Puritans
were another group that left England for
the same reason and settled in various parts
of New England. Roger Williams, the great
colonial Baptist leader, founded Rhode Is-
A Minister Looks at Federal Aid to
Education
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GEORGE A. GOODLING
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
a conspiracy against him in every healthy, Thursday, June 22, 1961
happy development of our Nation. Mr. GOODLING. Mr. Speaker, the
It is readymade for that slimy corruption sermon which follows would of the body politic that would disgrace the -appear to
underside of a rock. It is the apotheosis of be a calm, deliberate, and thoughtful ap-
the Silver Shirts, the American Vigilantes, praisal of one of the most vital and far-
the Crusaders for Economic Liberty and reaching decisions this Congress will be
other demented hate groups of the 1930's and called. upon to make during this session.
early 1940's, and it draws together the sur- I commend it to all as required
vivors of these unfortunate, but happily de-
reading:
funct organizations.
Cloaked with a phony respectability and THE PUBLIC SCHOOL QUESTION
supported by big money, the organizers of (Galatians 5: 1. Sermon preached June 11,
the John Birch Society would make such 1961, at First Christian Church by Paul A.
fellow operators as Gerald L. K. Smith, Wil- Remick)
liam D. Pedley and Gerald Winrod turn For some months now a controversial
green with envy. church-state issue has been boiling. It has
That a few medical men, who, of all peo- centered around the question of whether or
ple, should have a sense of balance and be not Federal aid should be given to private
perceptive to social disruption for ulterior and parochial schools. According to a news
motives, are members of the John Birch release this past week the issue is scheduled
land because of religious persecution.
George Calvert founded Maryland because,
following his embracement of the Roman
Catholic faith, he was cut off from all
chances of political preferment at home.
Religious freedom for the Quakers figured
in the founding of our own State of Penn-
sylvania by William Penn. The founding
of Georgia by James Oglethorpe is another
example of a colony brought into being for
religious freedom. Either directly or indi-
rectly religion played an important part in
the colonizing of virtually every part of the
New World.
Because many of our forefathers experi-
enced religious persecution in England and
on the Continent from the state churches
the very first amendment to the Constitution
of the newly formed Thirteen Colonies was
made to read: "Congress shall make no law
respecting an establishment of religion, or
prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or
abridging the freedom of speech, or of the
press; or the right of the people peaceably
to assemble, and to petition the Government
for a redress of grievances."
It is the very first sentence of the amend-
ment to the Constitution that bears on the
issue'being considered this morning. "Con-
gress shall make no law respecting an estab-
lishment of religion * * ?."
Any church has a perfect right to pro-
mote marriage between church and state.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -'APPENDIX. June 22
The Roman Catholic Church is not alone in
this belief. All of the Eastern Orthodox
Churches have practiced this for centuries.
In fact, the Eastern Orthodox Churches are
not particularly known separate and apart
from their state relationships. They are
known as the Greek Orthodox Church, the
Russian Orthodox Church, the Serbian
Orthodox Church, the Bulgarian Orthodox
Church, and so on.
In the. Scandinavian countries the same
thing is true of Lutheranism. For example,
the Lutheran Church is the state church in
Norway, in. Sweden, in Denmark, and in
Finland. In England, the Church of Eng-
land has held a close tie with gpvernment,
being the state church.
While various Christian groups have em-
braced the idea of marriage between
church and state, the Roman Catholic
Church has been the most vigorous expon-
ent of the Idea down throughout the cen-
turies. In almost every country where the
majority of the population are members of
the Roman Catholic Church, that church
holds the position of being the state church.
This is Roman Catholic doctrine. Since
the time of St. Augustine in the fifth cen-
tury, and his "City of God," a writing which
pictures Christian society synonymous with
the organized church, Roman Catholic doc-
trine has maintained that "The Earthly
City" has no right to exist unless it is
definitely subordinate to the "City of God."
Regardless of what many of our Roman
Catholic brethren may say about it never
happening in the United States, history has
proven over and over again that whenever
the majority of the population becomes
Roman Catholic that church becomes the
state church.
Whenever this issue is raised in this coun-
try we are. always accused by the Roman
Catholic hierarchy as being either intolerant
or bigoted. Harold Bosley tells the story
of two brothers who would fight among
themselves from time to time. One day they
were fighting underneath the kitchen win-
dow. Hearing the conflict, the mother called
to the older boy, "Tommy, what's the mat-
ter?" Tommy replied, "Make Johnny stop
fighting." Tearfully Johnny replied, "I'm
not fighting, Mommy, I'm just fighting
back."
In the present conflict we are just fighting
back. We are trying to preserve a basic
principle upon which our country was es-
tablished and upon which we believe has
made our country great, and it is this prin-
ciple of separation between church and
state.
Please do not misunderstand me, the
Roman Catholic Church has a perfect right
to believe that the state should be the arm
of the church. Furthermore, it is that
church's privilege to do all within its power
through nonviolent persuasion to accom-
plish that end. But by the same right we
have the privilege to work for the mainte-
nance of separation between church and
state. To this end many of us within the
Protestant Church intend to work toward
and try to preserve.
was primarily for religious instruction-in
other words, to propagate the faith.
During the Dark Ages, the only formal
education given ` any serious attention was
that designed for the priesthood. As the
enlightenment dawned in the 16th and 17th
centuries, however, there developed a real
need for more formal education. The New
World, with it's courage and desire to ven-
ture forth into the unknown, took seriously
the great dreams of Jean Rousseau and
Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi and established
free, public and compulsory education for
all.
Our forefathers had experienced the pri-
vate and parochial approach to education
in the countries from which they came, and
at the outset they committed themselves
not to allow this approach to education to
take charge here. With great courage, and
with much opposition, they established the
system of education we presently enjoy in
this country. My friends,, to allow any
other system of education to have equal
status is to destroy that system of education
which has made our country great.
In the June Issue of Church and State a
report is given as to what has happened in
a number of countries where tax money has
gone for the support of both public and
private schools. In the Netherlands, for
example, it is reported that "public support
for sectarian and private schools has re-
duced the public schools to a minority level.
Public funds pay all the costs (for all the
various school systems). * * In primary
grades, Catholics enroll 43 percent of the
pupils, Protestants 27 percent, and public
schools have 28 percent. The remaining 2
percent are in nonsectarian private schools."
You see, the American way of life has
never been a sectarian approach. There has
nearly always seen freedom for the individ-
ual to worship God as he sees fit in the
church or synagogue of his choice, to be-
lieve what he likes, and through the demo-
cratic way to integrate the best of all the
various cultures, points of view, ways of
doing things, into the American way of life.
One leading Protestant church leader de-
clares, "Once Federal funds go to parochial
schools, the face of America will be quickly
changed. There will soon be sectarian candi-
dates and parties at State and local levels.
Within a century the American people will
be more divided than by the present con-
fl9.ct over the race issue."
There are many Protestant educators who
are warning that if Federal aid to private
may prefer private playgrounds to the com-
munity's recreation facilities but I: am not
discriminated against if community tax
funds are not available to my club. I may
prefer private schools for my children but
neither they nor I am discriminated against.
because these schools are not supported from.
public funds. By no legitimate stretch of
meaning can discrimination be charged."
It was certainly refreshing to see the
Supreme Court refuse to review a decision
handed down by the Vermont State Supreme
Court, holding that it is unconstitutional
for a school district to pay tuition for stu-
dents to attend private religious schools
even when the school district does not main-
tain a high school of its own and pays tui-
tion for other students to attend nearby
ipublic high schools. This decision, how-
ever, does not settle the matter. 'While the
Supreme Court's refusal to review the case
suggests that it believes public funds given
to parochial schools unconstitutional, the
Court has not said so in, a clear-cut decision.
And until such time as the Supreme Court
hands down such a derision the battle will
contilnre. Furthermore, there is always the
possibility that the first amendment to the
Constitution may be changed as was true in
1933 when the 18th amendment was re-
pealed.
Urtfortunately this fight over the separa-
tion of church and state is going to go on;
and it is going to go an just as long as any
religious group, whether it be Roman Catho-
lic cr Protestant, insists that its group re-
ceive public funds to support its, program.
You who know me well know that I am
not anti-Catholic. I certainly trust that
wha-3 1: have been saying this morning will
not be interpreted as such. As you know
I am ;lust; as outspoken in my criticism of
policies related to my own brotherhood as
I ant toward those of others. My reasoning
may be right, or it may be wrong, but God
is my judge. And so long as I feel that I
am being, led by God's spirit to speak on
certain basic issues confronting His Church
and His world, I intend to speak. On this
issue of separation of church and state, I
believe the Bible as some clear-cut things to
say. To this point I intend to speak in
Sep;ernber.
I urge you to give serious thought to this
matter of Federal aid. to private and paro-
chie,l schools. Your church board did last
month and communicated its action to Sen-
atOl'S JOSEPH CLARK and HUGH SCOTT and
Representative GEORGE: GOODLING. You can
do the same, especially to GEORGE; GOODLING,
who is the Representative for Cumberland
and York Counties, and JOHN C. KUNKEL,
who is the Representative for Dauphin
and. Perry Counties, as this issue will reach
a crisis beginning ,rune 20, when House
leaders call up the public school bill for
floor action.
To the Galatians, and this is my text for
today, the Aspostle Paul wrote:
"For freedom Christ has set us free;
stand fast therefore, and do not submit again
to a yoke of slavery."
and parochial schools becomes a reality on a
large scale, virtually every Protestant build-
ing of any size in the United States will
become the nucleus of a Protestant Christian
Day School. Instead of uniting our country
this will further divide it. All of us know
we are divided enough at the present time.
As I have reiterated throughout the ser-
mon this morning, the Roman Catholic
Church has a perfect right to maintain it's
parochial school system, but let it be main-
tained at it's own expense, not at the ex-
pense of the American people.
In his answer to the editorial which ap-
peered in Life magazine several weeks ago--
an editorial charging that Roman Catholics
are being discriminated against with the
present financial structure in -education-
Henry P. Van Dusen, president of Union
Theological Seminary, New York City, wrote:
"Discrimination occurs only where equal
opportunities are not offered to all on equal
terms, as in racial segregation in a school
system. Equal opportunity for all on equal
terms is precisely what public schools pro-
vide and what Federal aid. to public educa-
tion would strengthen.
I may prefer private medical attendance
and service to the city's hospitals but I am
not discriminated against. If tax funds are
. not available to my doctor or hospital. I
You may be asking at this point, "How
does all of this that I have said apply to
the- public school question?" Few people
realize that the public school system is
uniquely American. Our country was the
first to provide equal opportunity for edu-
cation to all, regardless of race, color, or
creed. Granted, this has not been fully
realized, 'but we were the first to at least
make the big step in that direction.
You see, prior to the development of the
public school system, education was 'con-
sidered a luxury and provided for only a
few. If you read back into the pages of
history, you will discover that religious
groups were the first to initiate education.
The education that they initiated, however,
Hon. George Bender
SPEECH
or
HON. MICHAEL J. KIRWAN
Or OHIO
1N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, June 19, 1961
Mr. ISIRWAN. :Mr. Speaker, it was
with profound regret that we learned of
the passing of our former colleague
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 13
consideration of Calendar No. 337, H.R.
3572.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
will be stated by title for the informa-
tion of the Senate.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERx. A bill (H.R.-
3572) to place in trust status certain
lands on the Crow Creek Indian Reser-
vation in South Dakota.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the motion.
The motion was agreed to; and'the
Senate proceeded to consider the bill,
which had been reported from the Com-
mitteess on Interior and Insular Affairs
with an amendment on page 2, after line
5, to insert a new section, as follows:
SEC. 2. It is the policy of Congress that
the value of all Federal property heretofore
or hereafter given to an Indian tribe, band,
or group, including the property granted by
this Act, shall be considered by the Indian
Claims Commission for setoff purposes in
accordance with the provisions of section 2
of the Indian Claims Commission Act of
August 13, 1946 (60 Stat. 1050). In order
to incorporate that policy in the Indian
Claims Commission Act, the third paragraph
of section 2 of said Act is amended by de-
leting the words "the Commission may also
inquire into and consider all money or prop-
erty given to our funds expended gratui-
tously for the benefit of the claimant" and
by inserting in lieu thereof the words "the
Commission shall also inquire into and con-
sider all money or property given to or funds
expended gratuitously for the benefit of the
claimant prior to the Commission's award".
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the amend-
ment.
The amendment was agreed to.
The amendment was ordered to be
engrossed and the bill to be read a third
time.
The bill wash read the third time and
passed.
The title was amended, so as to read:
"An Act to place in trust status certain
lands on the Crow Creek Indian Reser-
vation in South Dakota, and for other
purposes."
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
ask that a portion of the report on the
bill be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the excerpt
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
PURPOSE
The purpose of H.R. 3572 is to place in
trust status 1,276.25 acres of federally owned
lands on the Crow Creek Indian Reservation
in South Dakota. The committee amend-
ment, set forth in section 2, provides that
the Indian Claims Commission shall deter-
mine whether the value of these lands, and
other lands donated to other tribes, should
be an offset against any claim against the
United States allowed by the Commission
in favor of the tribe that has been the bene-
ficiary of such a gift.
NEED
The land was purchased in 1944 for $5,760
with Federal funds from an account called
"Indian money, proceeds of labor." The
money was accumulated from the cattle-
raising activities at the Crow Creek Indian
school which closed in 1954. The General
Services Administration will dispose of the
acreage if it Is not donated to the tribe.
GSA has received a firm bid which is being
held in abeyance pending early congressional
approval of this bill. The tribe plans to
lease the land for grazing purposes. This
will produce an income of about $1,200 a
year for the tribe. The tribe will lose much
of its present land in connection with the
construction of Big Bend Dam on the Mis-
souri River, and the lands donated by this
act will provide some homesites for dislo-
cated Indians.
COST
Enactment of the bill will require no ap-
propriations, but will result in the loss of
the amount of the bid ($29,363) which has
been received by the General Services Ad=
ministration.
AMENDMENTS
As passed by the House, H.R. 3572 did not
specify how this gift of land would be treated
in connection with the claim of the Crow
Tribe now before the Indian Claims Commis-
sion.
A number of the bills donating surplus
Federal lands to Indian tribes which have
come before the committee contain language
specifying how gifts of lands shall be con-
sidered in relation to such tribal claims. In
some cases the lands are simply eliminated
from the suits. In other instances there is
a provision for a setoff against any claim
recovered by the tribe of the present market
value of the land. In other instances no
mention is made of Whether a setoff shall
apply. Also, there is uncertainty whether
gifts of land made subsequent to the cutoff
date for filing claims (August 13, 1951)
should be considered as offsets.
In an effort to arrive at uniformity in this
regard the committee has reported several
such bills, amended, to provide for setoffs.
However, in order to preclude the need for
such. amendments, and to establish a policy
that all gifts of land are considered, the
committee recommends general language
directing the Indian Claims Commission to
determine, in accordance with the provisions
of section 2 of the 1946 Indian Claims Com-
mission Act, the extent to which the value of
the property given to the Indians should or
should not be set off against any claim
against the United States determined by the
Commission.
This directive applies not only to the
land involved in H.R. 3572 but to all gifts
of Federal property to an Indian tribe. It
is the committee's belief that the Indian
Claims Commission is In the best position
to examine all of the factors surrounding
the claims of the tribes and to decide on
the merits whether any setoff' should be
made against any judgment awarded the
tribes. Moreover, the Claims Commission
Act gives the ? Commission authority to de-
termine setoffs generally, after examining all
of the equities involved, and it seems ap-
propriate to leave that function with the
Commission, with the clarifying language of
the committee amendment, rather than for
Congress to attempt to determine the equi-
ties.
DEPARTMENTAL REPORT
The favorable report from the Secretary
of the Interior dated March 10, 1961, follows:
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR,
OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY,
Washington, D.C. March 10, 1961.
Hon. WAYNE N. ASPINALL,
Chairman, Committee on Interior and In-
sular Affairs, house o/ Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. ASPXNALL: Your committee has
requested a report on H.R. 3572, a bill to
place in trust status certain lands on the
Crow Creek Indian Reservation in South
Dakota.
We recommend that the bill be enacted.
The bill donates to the Crow Tribe and
places in a trust status approximately
1,276.25 acres of federally owned land.
The land was purchased by the Federal
Government with funds from an account
called "Indian money, proceeds of labor."
These are Federal funds (not Indian) de-
rived from Federal operations on Indian res-
ervations which are not required to be dis-
posed of in some other manner. The money
in this account may be expended by the
Secretary under an indefinite and continu-
ing appropriation for the benefit of the In-
dians, the agency, or the Indian school on
whose behalf the money is collected (25
U.S.C. 155). The money is accumulated
from such activities as the operation of a
beef or dairy herd in connection with an
Indian school.
The purchase was made in 1944 and the
purchase price was $5,760. There are no
improvements on the land.
The land was purchased for use in con-
nection with the Crow Creek school, which
was an agricultural high school specializing
in beef cattle production. The school was
closed in 1954, and in 1957 the land was
declared to the General Services Adminis-
tration as Excess to the needs of the Bureau
of Indian Affairs.
The South Dakota Department of Game,
Fish, and Parks applied to the General
Services Administration on June 16, 1958,
for a transfer of the land to it under the act
of May 19, 1948 (62 Stat. 240). That act
authorizes the transfer if the property is
found to be chiefly valuable for wildlife
conservation purposes (other than conser-
vation of migratory birds). The State's
application was denied by the General Serv-
ices Administration on the ground that the
land is not chiefly valuable for wildlife con-
servation purposes.
The General Services Administration later
offered the land for sale on the open market
as surplus property, and we are informed
that it has received a bid of $29,363 which is
limited to 60 days from January 24, 1961.
The land is located near Fort Thompson,
Buffalo County; S. Dak., within the exterior
boundaries of the Crow Creek Reservation.
The tracts are contiguous to each other (but
not in a solid block) and are, surrounded by
allotted land. The tribe wants the land to
lease for grazing purposes. Anticipated
rentals are estimated to be about $1,200 per
year. The land may also provide a limited
number of homesites for some of the Indians
who have been forced to move from the
taking area of the Big Bend Dam.
We believe that, the land should be given
to the Indian tribe for grazing and homesite
use, rather than sold as surplus property.
The Bureau of the Budget has advised
that there is no objection to the presenta-
tion of this report from the standpoint of
the administration's program.
Sincerely yours,
JOHN A. CARVER, Jr.,
Assistant Secretary pf tk Interior.
JOHN BIRCH VOCIL-IY
Mr. McGEE. Madam President, I
ould like to call to the attention of
the Senate an interesting book review
which appeared in the May 20, 1961, issue
of the New Yorker magazine. The title
of the review is "The Candy Kid." It
attempts to evaluate the so-called blue
book of the John Birch Society.
Because of the candidness of the re-
view, because of the broad perspective
in which the blue book is assessed, I ask
unanimous consent that the review be
included in its entirety in the RECORD at
this point.
There being no objection, the book re-
view was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
THE CANDY Km
(By A. J. Liebling)
In 1922, when I was 18 and it was new, I
read James Elroy Flecker's play about Has-
san, the confectioner of Baghdad, and It be-
came one of my clandestine addictions, like
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
creased production 31 percent above pre-
war. This increase was stimulated by high
support prices and a multitude of subsidies
as well as by technological progress. Im-
port restrictions originally imposed for bal-
ance-of-payment reasons have been con-
tinued for protective purposes. State trad-
ing practices, mixing regulations, skim-
mings, and a variety of other devices have
also been used to protect European farm pro-
duction and oilseed processors.
Compared With the present agricultural
and trade policies of the major European
Economic Community countries, the Com-
mission proposals for a common agricul-
tural policy have certain good features.
On the other hand, the proposals would,
as a means of supplementing Internal price
support programs, continue certain protec-
tive devices now employed by European Eco-
nomic Community countries and in some
cases extend their use to all six countries.
Is it not time that U.S. soybean oil, cotton-
seed oil, and other oils and fats enter West-
ern European markets under freely competi-
tive conditions? We ask no special favors
for oilseed products except that they enter
under the same conditions as the raw mate-
rial. We are willing to compete on equal
terms. As you know we are not subsidized.
We in the United States prefer processing
be determined by economics and not by Gov-
ernment intervention. European crushers
have completely free access'to our raw mate-
rials-we should have no duties on our oil
to Europe. Economics of freight alone are
sufficient to favor raw material so long as
the destination market exists for both oil
and meal.
What we would like is true reciprocity
with the Western European nations.
Failure to provide equal opportunity for
these oil imports will fan the flames of
protectionism In the United States, already
concerned with balance-of-payment prob-
lems. This is not helpful. Special ad-
vantage does not sow the seeds of brother-
hood.
You can help by urging your governments
to move in the direction of greater liberali-
zation for mutually beneficial trade. In ad-
dition, the special export programs help to
support this effort of using food for
peace. A small percentage of the foreign
currencies being generated under our Public
Law 480, title 1 sales are being used in
market promotion projects in many of the
economically developed countries. All sellers
benefit from these market promotion proj-
ects.
In our field, the Soybean Council of Amer-
ica, jointly financed by the American Soy-
bean Processors and counterpart Public Law
480 funds, carries on promotional activities
in many parts of the world. Promotional
activities, I repeat, benefit all producers and
processors of oil seeds.
Special Government export activities in-
clude Public Law 480 sales for foreign cur-
rencies, donations, and barter, as well as Mu-
tual Security Act economic aid and sales for
foreign currencies. About 30 percent of total
U.S. agricultural exports are moved under
the special programs. These constitute the
foundation of the food-for-peace program.
Public Law 4.80 sales for foreign currencies
constitute the largest single segment of the
special programs. By authorizing such sales
of U.S. farm products to countries
lacking foreign currencies, Public Law 480
has widened farm market outlets and has
increased availability of food and fiber to
our friends abroad.
The Mutual Security Act, like Public Law
480, also authorizes sales for foreign cur-
rencies. From 1954 through 1959 the United
States sold about $1.7 billion worth of food,
feed, and Aber at market value under the
Mutual Security Act.
These sales generate hard currency mar-
kets, too. Witness Spain, now a really large
buyer of soybean oil for dollars.
Donations of emergency relief supplies are
made to help friends abroad when disaster
strikes. In the fiscal year 1960 food was pro-
vided for victims of natural disasters in
11 countries. For example, we fed refu-
gees in. Hong Kong and the Middle East. We
helped twphoon victims in the Ryukyu Is-
lands and Japan, and earthquake victims in
Chile and Morocco. We supplied food for
charitable institutions and school lunch pro-
grams.
The U.S. Government also works voluntary
organizations in developing people-to-people
food donation programs. These include such
agencies as CARE, Catholic Relief Services,
Church World Service, Lutheran World Re-
lief, and the American Jewish Joint Distribu-
tion Committee. Also participating are the
international organizations UNRWA (United
Nations Relief and Works Administration)
and UNICEF (United Nations International
Children's Emergency Fund). Seventy-five
million American people support this pro-
gram through their gifts, their work, and
their membership in the voluntary agencies.
In the meantime, other free world nations
are rendering vital aid to foreign people In
distress. Some of this -aid is extended on a
country-to-country basis, some through and
in consultation with international organi-
zations.
In the latter category is the Wheat Utiliza-
tion Committee, on which are represented
the major wheat-exporting countries-
Argentina, Australia, Canada, France, and
the United States. This Committee, with
the United Nations Food and Agricultural
Organization as an adviser-observer, is in-
vestigating the possibility of increasing and
making more effective coordinated use of
wheat to promote economic development,
improve nutritional standards, and expand
world commercial trade in wheat.
With the food-for-peace program we are
associating the need for food abroad with
our tremendous agricultural technological
capability.
In terms of feeding hungry people, results
have been highly gratifying.
1. Nutritional levels in the underde-
veloped parts of the world have gone up.
2. Agriculture generally has kept abreast
of or ahead of population increase in the
underdeveloped areas.
But we must keep In mind that even with
the sharp advances In agricultural tech-
nology, its growth must continue at, an in-
creasing rate because of the treendous
increase expected in population in the years
ahead and the growing pressures to raise
living standards.
The food-for-peace program is promoting
economic growth in the newly developing
countries. This, too, eventually will mean
enlarged, permanent markets. Economic
development stimulates sales. Many coun-
tries, graduated from sales for foreign cur-
rencies to sales for dollars after their war-
disrupted economies had been rebuilt.
Today, Public Law 480 foreign currencies
are contributing to economic development in
Asia, the Middle East, southern Europe, and
Latin America. Here are a few samples:
India: Power projects, Irrigation facilities,
schools.
Indonesia: Rehabilitation of railways,
highways, harbors, airports.
Israel: Agricultural development, electric
power facilities, transportation.
Greece: Roads and bridges, electric power,
agricultural development, vocational educa-
tion.
Brazil: Grain elevators, transportation,
electric power.
Economic development, in addition to cre-
ating permanent markets is furthering the
9513
general foreign policy aims of the United
States a:a.d the free world. One of the key-
stones cif foreign policy is a strong free
world-strong enough to stand against ag-
gression and subversion. Increased economic
well-being will go far in achievin@; that
strength.
Following negotiation of the United
States-Indian wheat-rice agreement, which
was signed on March 4, 1960, the Indian
Express editorialized, "The Elsenhower-Patil
food agreement stands out as an act Of good
faith in human relations. It is of high ma-
terial value enhanced by the terms and the
timing. It is of far greater import in terms
of the spirit: of faith in human idea'.s and
in the striving to retain them."
The image that the United States is build-
ing among the hungry peoples of the world
is tangible. It cannot be blotted out with
propaganda. By using food as a major in-
strument of foreign policy we are doing; what
the Communists would like to do but can't.
In the rivalry between. East and West,
agriculture is one area of many in which
we have clearly and without- question dem-
onstrated superiority. The food-for-peace
program is expanding the opportunity to
make that agricultural superiority felt.
The food-for-peace program is not with-
out its hazards.
1. We must not hurt the economies of
other agricultural exporting countries by
usurping their markets.
2. We must beware of making the develop-
ing countries dependent upon us, indefi-
nitely, with their growing populations, for
our continuing help.
3. We must avoid flooding the recipient
countries with our food, depressing their
farm prices and hurting their agriculture.
4. We must not give away, barter, or sell
for foreign currency, food, and fiber, that we
could otherwise sell for dollars.
However? just because there are hazards,
we cannot forego the use of our capability
in the agricultural field. We must not bury
our talent.
Accomplishments of the program have
been demonstrated; the hazards have been
avoided in the past. We are confident they
will be 1:0 the future.
At the same time, overall performance can
be improved. Part of this can come from
greater understanding of the program's ob-
jectives and. accomplishments. Above all,
better performance will come if allconcerned
are alert;, not only for problems, but for op-
portunitfes. Is it not good sense-yes, good
business--for you as hard-headed business-
men to study and suggest means of imple-
menting similar programs In your countries?
Can we businessmen accept the challenge
and make proposals to our Government and
other groups to expand food consumption
among the less fortunate? Mankind is your
business. In the largest sense you are your
brother's keeper.
Arnold Toynbee has said[: "Our age will be
well remembered, not for its horrifying
crimes nor its astonishing inventions, but
because it is the first generation since the
dawn of history in which mankind dared to
believe it practical to make the benefits of
civilization available to the whole human
race."
I am neither a politician nor a scientist,
but my guess is that the next major war is
the last war for us.
Aren't; we our brother's keeper?
TRUST STATUS OF CERTAIN LANDS
ON THE CROW CREEK INDIAN
RESERVATION IN SOUTH DAKOTA
Mr. MANSFIELD. Madam President,
I move that the Senate proceed to the
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1961 Approved F jJM*? 5BR(J0/At C8 DP
RENA0T3E 9515
my taste for Atkinson's Doncaster Toffee. It civilization;" and the Roman Empire of the nations. It saved diem from fit l col-
has a sucrose, glucose, dextrose quality, like West "started dying from the cancer of col- lapse." What good it would dohe he R Russian
warm spun sugar twining itself around the lectivism from. the time Diocletian imposed government, if broke, to increase its credit
aorta. Hassan, its protagonist, through a on it his New Deal"
chance encounter with the Caliph Haroun- The notion of conventional historians like mat home, In. oney, is one of i"The Blue Book's" minor
al-Rachid, is removed from the humble but Rostovtzeff and Burckhardt has been that enigmas,
cozy purlieus of his shop to the world of the Roman economy hit the skids a century In Asia, where we are also out of luck,
affairs of state. At first, the transposition and a half earlier, and that Diocletian, poor our Government prevented Chiang Kai-
pleases him. "For all these years I have been man, was merely trying to pick up the pieces. shek's troops from getting even ammuni-
a humble man, of soft and kindly disposi- One of his measures was a system of price tion, while the Russians gave the Reds tre-
tion-such a man as the world and a woman controls, and this probably has caused Mr. mendous stockpiles of Japanese arms, (The
hate," says he. "But now I shall never again Welch to confuse him with Franklin D. primary cause of the defeat of the Chinese
be the fool of my fellows." Afterward, Roosevelt. The theory that Greece con- Nationalist Army was the military aggres-
though, failing to soften the Caliph's line on quered Rome has not-yet become dogma, siveness of the Chinese Communist forces,
capital punishment, he is glad to retire, and either, but it may; it is In line with the dis- and sound tactics, which were based on the
withdraws from public life as a pilgrim, covery that the South won the Civil War capabilities and limitations of the Red mili-
marching off stage singing, in chorus with after Sherman's Flight to the Sea. tary. Communist victory was achieved with-
the rest of the caravan, "We take the Golden "Basically, when you dig through the chaff out the extensive use of modern-, large-
Road to Samarkand." and the dressing in Spengler enough to
air-
For Hassan's sake, I was predisposed in at his thought, he held that a societal de- craft, but by sound, aggressive tactics on the
favor of Robert H. W, Welch, Jr., founder of velopment which we ordinarily class as a ground.-Lt. Col. Robert B. Rigg, a U.S.
the John Birch Society and author of its civilization is an organic culture, which goes military observer, in Red China's Fighting
Koran, "The Blue Book" (copyright Robert through a life cycle just the same as any of Hordes.)
Welch; 1959). Mr. Welch had an early life the Individual organisms which we see whole The chief weapon of the Communists in
much like that of my older friend. He was, and with which we are more familiar." thus maggoting the world outside our borders
before he became an author, a candymaker Western Europe reached its high point in has been treachery, not science. They have
in Cambridge, Mass. The only other Ameri- the second half of the 19th century, Mr. never, for example, built an atomic bomb:
can public man I can think of with an Welch holds, and is now dying of a "collet- Their agents had simply walked off from our
equally mellifluent background is Adolf A. tivist cancer" that has invaded us. We must plants with the necessary separate parts,
Berle, Jr., who was chairman of the board of excise it-a herculean task. His prose which had then been assembled in Russia,
the America Molasses Co. But where- abounds in figures of speech based on cancer and exploded whenever it best suited the
as Hassan, squatting among his sugar kettles, and cardiac afflictions, which should be im- Soviets' pretenses. In the light of this fact,
used to write poetry, Mr. Welch, by his own pressive to a public of predominantly elderly all the pother about disarmament confer-
account, read world history. And while the executives. (Welch himself is 61.) ences is superfluous. All we have to do to
peppermint popped and the popsicles purred, Theories, however, are less his concern disarm the Russians is to install a proper
he became so impressed by the analogies he than facts--his eye deciphers surface appear- security system in our own plants. (When
discovered in his reading that, like Moham- ances as easily as it does the creme fondant they walked off with the parts of our heavy-
med, he heard a voice saying to him, "Re- within the walnut imperial, For example, rocket booster, they might at. least have
cite." Accordingly, he summoned a number he says of one nation not commonly de- left us the plans.)
of disciples to meet him at a hotel in Indi- tected: "And gentlemen, any idea that Nor- And now that they are working up on us-
anapolis, where there are always rooms (ex- way is not, for all practical purposes, now they've got Hawaii already, remember, with
cept during auto-race week), on December in Communist hands * * . is in 8, 1958, "The Blue Book" is, its author ex- ion as unrealistic as the thought that my ame have three possible courses. One would be,
plains, a record of what he said at the en- Nkrumah of Ghana is a Democrat." (The through a sufficient amount of infiltration
suing meeting, as fraught with consequences Norwegian Storting, or Parliament, has one and propaganda, to disguise communism as
as a chocolate bar with peanuts. Only 11 Communist among its 150 members.
disciples attended, leaving him one short of "Syria, Lebanon, E ) thispanother political party. When I reached
the conventional complement, but they re
p gYPt, whLibya, ere the Tunisia, this was I peeked ahead to see which
which
r8 States. ' Algeria, Morocco" are places where the C party was to be the Trojan donkey. But
It resented .inspiring to think of that seminal munists "either already have control, how- Mr. Welch had written, "We do not antici-
In banquet
meeting, s a hot think o suite, pemi s ever disguised, or are rapidly acquiring con- pate that development." Another route to
named for one of the characters of Jtrol." Nehru, Nasser, and Sukarno are Corn- the consummation of conquest would be by
Whitcomb one the Hoosier hara errs ofJames laureate-the munists, like General Eisenhower. fomenting internal civil war in this coun-
Whlt bRi Annh Room. The Wite Men "The Communists are now in complete try, and aiding the Communist side in that
Little from afar ht one knee over the other around control of Bolivia and Venezuela." The only war with all necessary military might, as
the ro manger s of the new truth, and other Welch Latin-American governments Welch en- an outside power may do in say, Cuba. But
tells them: dorsed in 1958 were Paraguay, Nicaragua, the he didn't anticipate that, either, although
The Gobble-uns'll it Dominican Republic, and Batista's Cuba, all he said, "One never could tell."
watch Go g it of you don't dictatorships. Batista has now, of course, The third method, "which is far more in
"With. thort breaks for coffee, for lunch- gone down the drain-an Incalculable loss accordance with Lenin's long-range strat-
eons,
eons, and for brief discussions in between rto Western evealed, civilization. sCommunstwthroughWand lying on most heavily
sections of the presentation, it required 2 egy," is the "one which they are clearly re-
Since its admission as 'a State, the h?" This, t
a which
already -
whole days to set forth the background, poison has, presumably, reached our vitals. fearfulrr sults, islto take ovverhthe Govern
methods, and purposes of the John Birch "The whole slogan of civil rights, as used anent by a process so gradual and insidious
Society. The pages that follow are simply a to make trouble in the South today, is an that they will have us in the bag before we
transcript practically verbatim, of that exact parallel to the slogan of agrarian re- know it. One step is to lure us deeper and
presentation," Mr. Welch reports. "i per- form which they (you are expected to know deeper into the United Nations, which is a
sonally have been studying the problem (of by this time who "they" always are) used in thinly disguised branch of the Soviet Gov-
communism) increasingly for about 9 years," China." Discovering the points at which the ernment itself, "until one day we shall grad-
he told the original 11, "and practically John Birch line makes fast to those of other ually realise that we are already just a part
full time for the past 3 years. And entirely kindred revelations is a continual beguile- of a worldwide government ruled by the
without pride, but in simple thankfulness, ment as the reader of "The Blue Book" goes Kremlin, with the police-state features of
let me point out that a lifetime of business along. Here it hitches with the White Su- that government rapidly closing in on our-
experience should have made it easier for premacists. A bit farther on, declaring the selves. But another part of the plan is the
me to see the falsity of the economic theories Algerian war a Communist creation, it ties conversion of the United States into a so-
on which communism is supposedly based, on to the colons.
more readily, than might some scholar com- Our troubles, however, are of our own in its econom Band similar to Russia itself
.ing into that study from the academic making. "The first y political outlook. The cloisters; while a lifetime of interest in great break for the Co m- beat way to explain the aim here is simply
things academic, especially world history, munist conspiracy came in 1933, with our to to quote the directive under which some of
things have given pe an a world a oveformal recognition of Stalin's regime. At the very largest American foundations have
many bhavesiven in more rapidly seeing ing alive financially from week to week by This directive is so to change the economic
the sophistries in dialectric materialism." methods which, in the case of individuals, and political structure of the United States
His world history is Neo-Spenglerian, al- would be called check-kiting." (At the mo- that it can be comfortably merged with
though, he concedes, "there is certainly more ment, as I recall, we were pretty broke our- Soviet Russia."
Welch than there is Spengler" in it, and he selves. The banks stayed closed until Roose- Here Mr. Welch, like Mohammed in most
has contributed not a few new details. It velt got them open again, and Al Smith and of the Koran, omits the source of his quota-
was Darius and not Cyrus who, according to the Daily News advocated recognition of the tion. In the prophet's case, it is always
Mr. Welch, overthrew the "Neo-Babylonian U.S.S.R. as a method of reviving us.) "Our understood to be God, At this point, with
civilization;" Greek colonists conquered recognition tremendously increased their Asia gone under altogether, Europe gone
Italy, founded Rome, and "developed Roman prestige and credit, at home and with other under (all but Spain and Portugal), South
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9516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENT ,,
America gone under (all but Paraguay) , Its letters for worthy causes like with- share se it and those believe that seen it niy
Africa gone under (all but the Union) us drawal of recognition from Russia and the who may
RECORD. I there-
going (all but Arizona), the reader might repeal. of the Income tax. Above all, there in the he : C'with with those I there-
well well expect, as I did, a call to a preventive should be "exposure" of Communists, by unanimous consent
war, or at least the setting up of a force, en- publication. be ine.uded in the REGORD at this, point.
tirely commanded by admirals called back "Let's make what we are talking about Tnc' being no objection, the article
from retirement, that would put the skulk- clearer by an illustration. There is the head
ing devils in their place. This could be done of one of the great educational institutions was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
in three steps. One, we stop them from in the East (not Harvard, incidentally) as fol:.ows:
snitching any more bomb parts. Two, we whom at least some of us believe to be a THE FOLLY oF' DESPAIR
blockade them and starve them Out. Three, Communist. Even with a hundred thousand (By Walter Lippmann)
we send them only stale surplus chocolate dollars to hire sleuths to keep him and his have had a run. of bad news and the
bars to eat until they say "uncle" present contacts under constant surveillance We
time has eome when we must makeu our
("dyadya"). I can imagine the 11 dis- for a while, and to retrace every detail of his time as come w face e; and learn ,from our s C
-
ciples laypool, hardly d on their hold chairs the him. history, Wih just $5000 could o opa it fo or to rhrinlc from it into a nervous break-
wn as, haable th hlog themselves cry "Out j research y down with suicidal tendencies. There are
down as they awaited ited the slogan cry "Out the proper amount get careful aaltogether too many of us who In dismay
But, and boar I believe we could all l the and disappointment are ready to admit that
cutlasses and
Buut, Welch warns, this is the trap they In for quite a shook. We would would Khrushchev is right in predicting that com-
planned for us. "Although our danger re- run run m the magazine e an n article consisting munlsna L3 sweeping the world and that,
mains almost entirely internal, from Com- entirely of questions to this man, which short of war, we have no means of stopping
munist influences right in our midst and would be devastating in their implications. It.
treason right in our Government, the Amer- The question technique, when skillfully used They are like tman was an ex-
once put who, ho mex-
Scan people are being persuaded that our in this way, is mean and dirty. But the TheTheec:e are like the
r
fall off the
danger is from the outside, is from Russian Communists we are after are meaner and ago, nc d diplomat worried that he will t many
e
military superiority." What we have to do, dirtier, and too slippery for you to put your fl'; s of the Empire hState e Building that
then, is not spend money on defense, not fingers on in the ordinary way-no matter top out of the
pay taxes, but balance the budget at zero, how much they look and act like prosperous he stops the elevator and jumps
members of the local Rotary Club." ninth floor window. I believe this defeatism
rig t s, central government, defend ( States to be profoundly mistaken and unwarranted.
tights, stop Federal aid pay attention leads
to The devil discovered vbetween the magnitude It is based on a misreading and a misunder-to thought control), pay no attn the n evil everywhere and the standing , of what has happened since the
talk about the horrors of war, since we won't insignificance of the remedies proposed Second World War and. what is happening
have any arms anyway, and, above all, derec- males Birchism a demoniac religion. The now. The root of the what is enin ognize Russia and it will blow away. To Birc:hist, like man before the invention of insteew3 differentiate between, the equate,
make the juju stronger, we are to abandon fire, wanders helpless among malignant inste td o of to
movement whcb owes allegiance:
foreign aid, abolish the income tax, and forces, his only consolation inner knowledge m Moscow and Peiping and the worldwide
"win that battle, against communism, pre- of how terrible things are, his only protec-
sumably, by alertness, by determination, by tion an amulet in the form of a "blue book," movements of social reform and social revo-?
courage, an energizing his only weapon a postage stamp. His chief- lution, which almost everywhere seek na.-
danger, if by we can; ; but t let's win realization it, even en of the with eat satisfaction Is his conviction that his tional independence and nonalinement with
danger, win it, the great powers.
our lives, if the time comes when we must." neighbor will perish, and that he will prob- the
g. at powers. hope and belief is that
(Without spending money.) It sounds like ably deserve to. "Communist" for the
a program for eating your jelly beans and Birchist, the reader gathers after the first he will lead and direct all the reforming and movem
ts. We having them, or ruling the skies with obso- page or so of the book, means anybody who into lution ands when ewe identify o y ririgh
lete airplanes. It also sounds like the pro- approves of paying taxes, national defense,
gram of turning a back on the world devised public education, civil rights, the United with the opponents of change rather than
for 17-century Japan by the Tokugawa Sho- Nations, labor unions, or poetry since Tenny- with the leaders of change. hose
south-
and gun Iyemitsu. "Don't look and it will go son Pere is no politician in whom Welch east th are gho and that liLas the dominoes
away" was the Tokugawa's prescription, but sees hope; even BARRY GOLOWATES is a soft-
the outside world didn't, and when Japan hearted sap. And so it is true, for him, that all the Asian nations and the Pacific will go
looked again, humiliating later, she found her- there are "Communists" everywhere. Socia- too, I should like to call attentiory,to Egypt.
the lists, in the penumbra of the weird world It vas not so many years ago-in fact it
self in n a most humiliating position. . (In the
interim, SO percent of her people had lived Welch inhabits, are Communists; Roosevelt was in 1955--when we were told that Egypt
in fairly continuous hunger, which forced and, save the mark, Woodrow Wilson and Syria and Iraq, and all the oil of the Per-
e
them to the regular practice of infanticide strengthened central government, so were sia.n'Culf, and ethehaftSuez g Caen ,ernes gone
to keep the population down.) The Birch Socialists, so Communists. It is an ugly or g- Egypt
creed should, I would think, tickle the pants doctrine, which inhibits every effort to out- Czechoslovakia, it got Soviet help in building
off any Russian official in his right mind, perform our rivals, because implicit in it is the Aswan Dam, it nationalized the Suez
for its essence is unilateral disarmament the assurance that the effort will end in be- Canal, and all was lost,
through permitted obsolescence, a breakup trayal. Taken seriously, it could be more Yet lock at it now. Syria and Iraq and
of Federal authority, and a withdrawal from destructive than the nerve gas that all up- the Persian if states are not um n Em
the international field. to-date chemical-warfare branches are now Egypt continues
One of the entrancing episodes of the supposed to possess, which paralyzes the will jail. Mr Khrushchev has attacked Egypt
John Birch epopee, for me, was the be- to resist. Only this gas, instead of being publicly. President Nasser is calling a con-
havior of Maj. Gen. Edwin A. Walker, sup- carried over borders by ICB missiles, is a greys of the neutrals who do not otf take their
r a
tse from r in oscow.in Egypt of Soviea
posedly a fire-eater, who had John Birch native product, for home consumption, like direction
tracts, which are essentially pacifist, passed coconut bars. darmy to the rebels ve the Congo flow l in .
out to his men. I wondered whether he had After Egypt and the Middle East, look at
read them. The obession of ubiquitous ica, Egdine, Middle 6 months a at
treachery, moreover, is exactly what will THE FOLLY OF DESPAIR Afrw~i wrlook at off !a, w ht L not ago
make a soldier soonest take off. r A division the several hundred Soviet techni-
the of the prevalence of treason all Mr. McGEE. Madam President, I despite
the way hack to base will scatter at the first should like to include in the RECORD clans who are there. Probably it is not gene
shot. at this point a column which appears in part at least because the Soviet techni-
evenma the chances themselves
When the modern Hassan reaches the in this morning's Washington Post, from oanho ae herany e have
chapter of his revelation in which he dis- the pen of our distinguished political SO unpopular. that Gin the end vs are
as a
cusses positive measures against the "world- pundit, Walter Lippmann, entitled "The good th rest Guinea independent ,9ll lin
wide Communist conspiracy" ("And so, let's Folly of Despair." In the article Mr, neutral state.
act"), he is less impressive than when n he is Lippmann attempts to recast the trod- There Is now a great likelihood that the
evoking the dangers that hedge around.
As an initial move toward breaking Marx's bled times of the moment in the context whole of North Africa., all the way from Mo-
"somewhat similar eto the Christian Science of din the enarrowerecon Ines of the sea srocco pective be dominated by Moscow orito take
reading rooms," where the writings of Rob- backs and discouragements which arise direction from Paris or Washington.
occasionally from day Moreover, I do not believe that Cuba is
Welch would era publications "sh be available. The society's to day. gone, and I have a very strong impression ould from rom which " we obtained e ah beput firm In
written prom- , Because of the insight it provides and that Mr. Khrushchev does not begin to think
from the reconstitution of faith in our post- Cttba is as gone as, let us say, Senator
ices to welcome then publications and keep tion in the world which it espouses, I SneAl'tIERS thinks it is. For Cuba is as far ashington.
them society the reading tables." Members broadcasts sure
as In~t time, not necessarily in a vinery long time,
the of Fulton Lewis, should Jr. And t everybodyshould read the article with great interest have
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 `^A408 Approved FCOWWM fg/i1L0/I&DP~4qqC 00200110008-4 June 6
dustrial know-how to give us the material
strength necessary to defend our country
and the free world. Each must ask himself
what he can contribute to help make this
Nation strong, secure, and victorious.
This brings me to the question of where
we stand today. What kind of forces do we
have to defend us in this continuing strug-
gle? The answer is clear, We have forces
and equipment designed to deter war and
to insure peace in the world. We have de-
voted, skilled, and purposeful people in our
Armed Forces, whose first thought is the
security of this country. And we have the
hardware and the equipment to enable our
people to do the job of protecting the peace.
Let me briefly review for you our military
position. The Department of Defense along
with other agencies of the Government has
the responsibility for opposing Communist
efforts at expansion. All the military serv-
ices, Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Air
Force are trained, equipped, and organized
to meet any threat to the security of ous
country or to that of our allies with whom
we are joined In collective security agree-
ments.
Our national policy is to deter the out,
break of general war. However, should de-
terrence fail, we must be able to win any
war thrust upon us. For this purpose, we
need an Air Force big enough, powerful
enough and so deployed that it, together
with the forces of the Army and the Navy
can defeat any aggressor who might attack
us. In addition, this force must be able to
survive even a massive nuclear attack in
sufficient strength to strike a decisive
counterblow.
It is also most important to let potential
aggressors know that we have such a ready
force and that we will use it if necessary.
We do have that kind of force. It is a
force in being capable of instant response
at any moment. We have B-52 bombers
that can reach anywhere in the world In a
matter of hours. They can carry conven-
tional and nuclear weapons and air-launched
missiles. We also have B-47 bombers which
can reach any assigned target with refuel-
ing. And we have the aerial refueling tank-
ers that give our bombers their long-range
capability. Finally, we have an increasing
number of intercontinental ballistic missiles
(ICBM's) for strength and versatility in
our armament.
Our ICBM inventory includes the Atlas,
Titan, and Minuteman. The Atlas liquid-
fueled missile is already operational and in
position on three of our Strategic Air Com-
mand bases-Vandenberg AFB, Calif., War-
ren AFB, Wyo., and Offutt AFB, Nebr. The
Atlas has an accurate range of 5,500 nautical
miles and travels at a speed of over 15,000
miles an hour.
The Titan is another- liquid fueled mis-
sile now being tested. It promises to be
highly successful, and SAC Titan crews are
already in training to take over the missiles
as soon as they become operational. Titan
will be launched from underground protected
sites. In a recent test, a Titan was launched
from a 146-foot-deep pit. It passed this test
with flying colors.
The Minuteman ballistic missile is lighter,
smaller, simpler and less expensive than the
two preceding missiles. It is a three-stage
solid propellent missile which will be stored
in widely dispersed underground hardened
sites, or silos, ready for firing on short notice.
We also have Thor and Jupiter intermedi-
ate range missiles which have a range of
about 1,500 miles and are highly accurate.
The first Thor - missiles were delivered to
England in the fall of 1958 and turned over
to the British Royal Air Force. The Jupiter
missiles have been delivered to the Italian
and Turkish Air Forces.
You may have seen the name Thor in con-
nection with our nonmilitary space re-
search. Thor has been a workhorse as the
booster propulsion system for much of this
research, including the lunar probe, the
Discoverer launches, and the Explorer satel-
lites. You all know the great contribution
made by Redstone produced at Huntsville,
Ala., through the years and that it was the
booster in Commander Shepard's epic flight.
We also have air-launched missiles to give
further strength to our manned bombers.
In this category, we have Hound Dog and
Skybolt. Hound Dog is an air-to-ground
guided missile powered by a large jet engine.
It can be carried beneath the wing of a B-52
bomber, thus making it unnecessary for the
bomber to penetrate enemy defenses since
Hound Dog can be launched against targets
500 miles away.
The Skybolt is an advanced air-launched
ballistic missile with a range of about 1,000
miles. It can be carried by a B-52 and
launched from points beyond the defense
capability of an enemy. It thus degrades
the enemy defenses and enables our B-52
bombers to remain out of range of enemy
defenses while launching the Skybolt against
them.
Incidentally, as I mention the manned
bomber, you might wonder why we need
manned aircraft when missiles are available.
The Air Force doesn't foresee any end to the
need for manned bombers in the immediate
future. We can achieve the best operational
effectiveness by combining manned and un-
manned systems. We thereby acquire greater
flexibility and compound the problems of
the enemy.
We can put manned aircraft on airborne
alert, we can direct them to search out new
targets, and most significant, we can call
them back.
Another vital part of our ability to deter
war is in the response time of our alert
forces. Many Strategic Air Command bomb-
er crews are constantly on the alert and are
so well trained that within 3 minutes of an
alarm both bombers and refueling tankers
can be rolling down the runway.
To further strengthen our deterrent policy,
we must be sure that our SAC alert forces
could survive a surprise ballistic missile at-
tack. We can do this by keeping part of
the force airborne at all times. We are now
training our SAC forces for the airborne
alert. and are ready to put a significant por-
tion of the B-02 bomber force on opera-
tional airborne alert any time the President
directs.
So long as a potential aggressor knows that
he cannot destroy all of our deterrent forces
by surprise attack nor prevent them from
striking back decisively he will be less likely
to risk an attack against us. Thus, the air-
borne alert is another highly important ele-
ment of our deterrent posture.
The Air Force also has forces ready to re-
spond to small war situations, It provides
troop and cargo airlift for all defense forces,
and It makes a significant contribution to
the aerospace defense of North America.
The other military services have their roles
in assuring the security of our Nation.
The Army provides forces and equipment
for continental defense through Its Nike bat-
teries. Army units, equipped with modern
weapons systems serve overseas in positions
close to the Iron and Bamboo Curtains, im-
mediately ready for limited war.
The Navy stands -ready to assure control
of the seas. It has nuclear powered sub-
marines equipped with the advanced Polaris
weapon system. These Craft are capable of
remaining submerged for long periods and
of launching their missiles without sur-
facing.
Navy striking forces and Marines are mo-
bile and available for cold war and limited
war situations. The Sixth Fleet is ready for
action in the Mediterranean. The Seventh
Fleet stands ready in the Far East. The
First and Second Fleets are available to re-
inforce the others in the Pacific and Atlantic
areas.
Thus, we have well rounded and careful-
ly deployed military capability to protect
Ourselves and, the free world and to main-
tain peace.
Our strength is no reason for smugness.
We cannot rest upon our oars and hope to
maintain our leadership. We must continue
to press forward on all fronts on research, de-
velopment, and production of weapon sys-
tems. At the same time, we must recall that
the struggle now going on in the world is
not wholly military. We must therefore keep
our eyes on the larger goals of freedom, jus-
tice, and plenty for all the people of the
world. This is .the mission of democracy.
With this belief in the freedom of man as
the cornerstone of our efforts, I am sure we
c,~nnot fil.
John yBirch Society as a Church
Leader Sees It
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 6, 1961
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, Rev.
George S. Stoddard, pastor of the Wes-
leyan Methodist Church in El Monte,
Calif., has thoughtfully commented on
the work of the John Birch Society.
Reverend Stoddard's comments are re-
ported in an article by Ray Bernard
which was printed in the May 18, 1961,
issue of the El Monte Herald newspaper.
I wish to have this article inserted in
the Appendix of the RECORD:
WESLEYAN LEADER BACKS UP BIRCHERS
(By Ray Bernard)
"The Communist danger and the en-
croaching grip of communism on this coun-
try and all remaining free nations must be
fought without regard for ethics, because an
ethical approach is construed only as weak-
ness by the Red regime," a local minister
told the Herald yesterday.
The Reverend George S. Stoddard, pastor
of the Wesleyan Methodist Church and
chaplain of the American Legion Post 261,
of El Monte, offered a rebuttal of remarks
critical of the John Birch Society made re-
cently by Rev. J. Max Chamberlin, pastor of
the First Methodist Church, 629 North Tyler.
"So far our struggle against the Reds has
been weak and spineless, and has been con-
strued by them as weakness. They have
gained by the cold war and by our unwilling-
ness to meet them with their own weapons,"
said Reverend Stoddard.
The clergyman said he felt that comment
by Reverend Chamberlin on the San Fran-
cisco riots was a mere slap on the wrist and
a glossing over of a serious and dangerous
event.
A veteran of World War I, he was in the
27th Division and served In France around
Verdun. He entered Casanova University in
New York shortly after discharge to begin
studies for the ministry. He finished studies
in 1924, entered the ministry that fall, and
took up his first pastorate at Delmar, a small
town in Pennsylvania, on which he looks
back as his happiest year.
At that time Reverend Stoddard belonged
to Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1926 he
entered the Christian Missionary Alliance
and served 6 years as a missionary in Africa,
in what is now the Republic of Guinea.
He'has been with the Wesleyan Methodist
Church about 21 years.
Reverend Stoddard holds that the John
Birch Society, to which he does not belong, is
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1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --APPENDIX ?EA407W
he received an appointment to West
Point in 1917.
Twining graduated from the advanced
flying school at Kelly Field, Tex., in
1924, and has been associated with avia-
tion ever since, first in the Army Air
Corps and then in the Air Force.
During World War II General Twining
had tactical command of all forces in
the South Pacific, then commanded the
15th Air Force in strategic bombardment
from bases in Italy until the end of the
war in Europe. He then commanded
the 20th Air Force operating from the
Marianas Islands against Japan until
the close of the war in the Pacific.
He became Air Force Chief of Staff in
1953, and assumed the chairmanship of
the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the Nation's
top military post, on August 15, 1957.
General Twining retired from active
duty September 30, 1960, ending 44 years
of military service.
His Armed Forces Day speech follows:
ARMED FORCES DAY ADDRESS BY GEN. NATHAN
F. TWINING, U.S. AIR FoacE (RETIRED)
Congressman BoyxiN, General Callahan,
distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen,
thank you Mr. BOYKIN for your kind words
of introduction. It is a distinct pleasure for
me to be here in Mobile because all my
memories of your city are happy ones. And
also the many years of association with
Congressman BOYKIN have been most help-
ful to me personally in my job as Chairman
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He is truly it
great American--always alert to the needs
of his country.
As a retired Air Force officer, I have oc-
casion to think of Mobile as the location
of one of our outstanding Air Force bases.
Brookley Air Force Base is not a fine air
materiel depot by chance or accident. The
people of Mobile who work there and those
who have made our Air Force personnel wel-
come to your city have contributed greatly
to the reputation and the efficiency of this
depot. We are proud of it and I think the
citizens of Mobile should be proud of what
they have done to make it what it is. The
Air Force people have always been made to
feel at home, and they appreciate that I
can assure you.
The invitation. to speak here on Armed
Forces Day is a great honor to me.
And first I would like to go behind the
scenes a little and explore the reasons for
our observance of this day in this particular
way.
There is no question that the American
people are peace loving and have no ag-
gressive designs against anyone else. Indeed
our history proves that it takes extreme pro-
vocation to make us take up arms. So, we
may ask why such a peaceful country as
ours celebrates Armed Forces Day.
We do not have to seek far for the answer
to this question. A review of recent history
explains why we honor the military services
of our country. Since the beginning of this
century, the United States has been involved
in two major wars-World War I and World
War II-as well as the Korean war. We
went into these conflicts not to profit our-
selves or to gain territory from anyone but
to protect and defend freedom in the world.
It was through the skill, strength, and de-
votion of our Armed Forces that we were
able to succeed. Consequently, since 1950
we have honored the military services for
their role in upholding our way of life by
observing Arined Forces Day throughout our
land.
So you see, this is a far from warlike cele-
bration. On the contrary, it is an occasion
to honor the forces which make it possible
for us to be at peace.
During the last decade, another force has
arisen in the world. This force is aggressive,
provocative and dedicated to a single end-
the domination of the world. This fact has
brought into our Armed Forces Day celebra-
tions another meaning. We now must keep
our people aware of this danger to them.
We must remind ourselves annually that it
is only through our strong military power
backed up by our industrial strength that we
do have power for peace.
Thus, Armed Forces Day continues to be
observed. throughout the Nation in a double
sense. We look back to the successes of our
Armed Forces and honor them for helping
us preserve our way of life. We also look at
the present and future need for Armed
Forces to assure the continuance of our way
of life.
It is therefore, most appropriate for us to
assemble here to reaffirm our determination
not to permit any aggressive totalitarian
force to overcome us. At the same time, it
is also important to remind ourselves of the
urgent necessity of maintaining our strength
for this purpose.
What I would like to do today is talk to
you as a military man about this threat to
our security, our responsibilities as a result
of it, and what we have in the Armed Forces
to assure us that the threat will never be
any more than a threat.
First of all, I think it is correct to say that
today we are faced by the most serious chal-
lenge to our way of life that has ever been
directed at us.
The seriousness of this threat :rests in its
all inclusive nature. I think most Americans
recognize that communism is a menace to us.
But I am not yet convinced that all Ameri-
cans realize how grave this menace is nor
how thorough its plans are to achieve its
objective.
If we were faced only with a military force
we could surely develop our own might to
counter it. But communism embraces all
aspects of life. It is an economic, political,
psychological, ideological, and moral as well
as a military threat to us. Further, it is one
that operates continuously without rest or
surcease from its efforts. Each propaganda
statement is part of a long range plan for
taking over all the nations of the world.
Each scientific achievement fits into this
plan. Every space shot plays a role in the
continuing campaign to draw into the Com-
munist sphere of influence the uncom-
mitted or wavering nations of the world.
Each maneuver in the cold war is another
bit of pressure upon us. Each trade agree-
ment or economic treaty is one of the steps
in the drive to push us back into our own
continent and to isolate us from our allies
and outer resources.
The free nations of the world have never
faced such a highly organized opponent
with such single-minded devotion to one
objective. Our tendency is to react as free
people and to deal with each situation as
it arises.. We can no longer afford to do
this fox no single situation that we en-
counter today is isolated from the others.
They are all joined in this overall, long-
range plan of world domination.
The immediacy of the threat has been
brought home to us by recent events. I
refer, oi course, to Cuba. Here we have a
state only 90 miles from our Florida coast
which our State Department has charac-
terized as a full-fledged member of the
Communist bloc. This puts your own city
of Mobile within a few minutes striking
distance of intermediate range ballistic
missiles or even of the tactical missile. And
it is not out of range of land-based aircraft.
The possibility of a military threat of
Communist forces in nearby Cuba is not the
only thing we must be concerned about.
The fact that communism has a base of
operations in the New World from which
it may spread out into Central and South
American countries is of great concern to
your officials in Washington. And every
American should view this phenomenon
with equel seriousness.
If we have any question of the intentions
of world communism, we can easily find out
what the, are. On January 6, 1961, Mr.
Khrushchev delivered it long address
summing up the results of it meeting of 81
worldwide Communist Party organizations
that had just met in Moscow. He laid out
the guidelines for the world campaign of
the Communist movement an this remark-
able speech. The plan is there just as
clearly as was Hitler's program in his book,
"Mein Karnpf." We but have to read and
know whsa; faces us. We paid little atten-
tion to ">'feiin Kampf" and E am afraid. are
paying less to Khrushchev's speech.
As Presdent Kennedy has said:
"We face a relentless struggle in every
corner of the globe that goes far beyond
the clash of armies or even nuclear
armaments.
"The armies are there and. in large num-
bers. The nuclear armaments are there. But
they serve :primarily as the shield behind
which subversion, infiltration and a host of
other tactics steadily advance picking off
vulnerable areas, one by one, in situations
which do not permit our own armed inter-
vention."
The President also pointed out that: "We
will have to face the fact that we cannot
postpone any longer the real issue of sur-
vival of freedom in this Hemisphere itself.
On that issue, unlike perhaps some others,
there can be no middle ground" (address to
American Society of Newspaper Editors,
April 20, 1961) .
That puts the problem squarely before us
and poses the issue for us. It is up to us to
do something about it. It is true we are
faced by a hard struggle and in certain re-
spects the Communists have outpaced us. I
am think'.ng; particularly of their successes
in launching heavy vehicles into space. Such
successes are certainly material for world-
wide propaganda efforts. They may make it
seem to some nations that the democracies
are hopelessly outclassed. But we know
that this is not true. Our space effort is
coming along very well. We all took im-
mense pride in Commander Shephard's great
recent performance. And this was done be-
fore the eyes and the ears of the world--the
truly democratic way. We have put a very
large number of devices into orbit. They have
returned scientific information of untold
value to ourselves and to the world. In this
respect we are certainly ahead. And it must
be remembered that all our achievements
have not deprived the civilian economy of a
single thing. While it may be unfortunate
that we have not launched massive vehicles
into a space orbit yet, we now can look for-
ward to this achievement within a reason-
able time.
As far as our defense needs are concerned,
we have military missiles with all the neces-
sary power to reach any target on earth
which we want to reach. That is all a
weapon system has to do.
I firmly believe that the fate of our
democratic system of government rests in
the hands of its citizens. This means that
it is up to you and me to see to it that our
nation has the proper determination, the
correct moral atmosphere and the willing-
ness to sacrifice whatever we must to enable
us to overcome all obstacles to our survival.
Now-people living under totalitarian
forms of government make sacrifices because
their leaders force them to do so. We
Americans must match and surpass the dis-
cipline of the dictator with the self-dis-
cipline of free peoples. We have done this
in the pact, and I am sure we can do it to
any degrea necessary in the future.
With this kind of determination, we cer-
tainly can use our ingenuity and our in-
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 1961 ApprovC4 j gp 03 jg1A-PA[ Q 6R000200110008-4 A4081
K?
forthright in exposing to public scrutiny in "Anyone who doubts this should consider be known that we are at all times ready for
its Blue Book the exact reason for its exist- the bloody streets of Budapest, the slaugh- war."
ence-"namely to destroy the grip of com- ter pits of Poland, the prisons of Russia and In other words, weakness, lack of prepared-
munism in this country, using all methods her satellites, the concentration camps of ness, invite aggression.
short of rapine and murder employed by Siberia, the communes of Red China, or visit That is why the theme of Armed Forces
the men from Moscow. Fighting fire with the new Cuba of the 'golden age.' Day is "Power for Peace."
fire is an old and effective method. Force Mr. Stoddard said he felt that while the Before we can assess our preparedness, we
by force is the only language they under- "Operation" film was graphic and shocking, must assess the threat. The threat to the
stand," he insisted. it does indicate the diabolical design of com- peace of the world and our freedom today
"The Birch Society is willing to stand, munism. is international communism and its un-
congressional investigation without employ- swerving aim of world domination. All of us
ing the fifth amendment dodge. They wel- know that this threat is massive, global, and
come an opportunity to tell the country Remarks of the Commanding General of versatile.
the unvarnished story of their origin, pur-
pose and plan of action against commu- Fort Sill, Okla., on Armed Forces Day, claim their the Communists loudly pro-
nism." ' heir desire for peace and dlsarma-
The clergyman pointed out that Commu- May 20, 1961 ment-until it comes time for agreement on
nists and Socialists alike invariably refuse concrete, workable arrangements.
to take the loyalty oath, and cloister behind The conclusions which must be drawn
EXTENSION OF REMARKS from tti air
he predicted, "will quash the Investigation. OF ONTASOMA jective Is world domination, and nothing
Such an investigation would give the John IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES less.
Birch Society a million or more new mom- This is clear from their record all the
bers." Tuesday, June 6, 1961 way back to 1917. In the past 20 years
Waxing eloquent, the Methodist leader Mr. WICKERSHAM. Mr. Speaker, alone, we have seen them attempt to domi-
said the caliber of the Birch group is guar- under leave to extend my remarks in watt and necessary-over Finland, n E-by force, whn Lat-
antee of its sanity and solid worth. "The the RECORD, I include the following re- via, Lithuania, Rumania, Hungary, nPoland,
aem e rabble Is screened. riffraff or marks of Maj. Gen. L. S. Griffing, com- East Germany, Yugoslavia, Czechoslovakia,
cganizaa le ion is made rousers are of dthemifine The manding general of Fort Sill, Okla., on Manchuria, and North Korea.
organize segment d up can society, Armed Forces Day, May 20, 1961: We have also seen the effort to annex
of on Greece, -
"They have the will, the brains, and the COMMANaTNO GENERAL'S REMARKS. ARMED Azerbaijan, the attack rape of rea c he
means to implement a complete exposure FORCES DAY, MAY 20, 1961 comma z China, the rape of Korea, the
of Communist infiltration of all segments of One day not long ago, the President of the penetrate communization
the i lerE Vietnam, ca, td
American society, and to do something United States signed a proclamation the annexation of Tibet.
East and Africa, and
drastic about it." a which the annexation of Tibet.
began with several Indisputable "whereas's."
"It is common knowledge," the religious "Whereas," the document stated, "Whereas Communist pressure continues today in
leader continued, "that all professions and the survival of our cherished freedoms is de- To Cuba and achieve Laos.
crafts have been infiltrated to some degree- pendent in large measure upon the ca abil- e their objective are world maintaining
our colleges, teaching staffs, unions, factory ities of our Armed Forces * * p nation, the Communists are maintaining
personnel, segments of news media, govern- "Whereas the Armed Forces serve as a massive military sbrenyth. This strength
meat both state and national, and even the unified team in pursuit of a durable peace; opera them the capability to conduct military
church, have fellow travelers strategically and * ? *. pe all-out t any of the varying intensities
d
placed." "Whereas the strength of our Armed from alp-out nuclear war to the so-called
Yet, he pointed out, in recent talks the Forces rests (in major "limited war."
part)
Reverend Dr. Eugene Carson Blake of the derstanding and support upon the ued Further, the existence t e of these gical capabilities of an informed is a major eacol w the psychological pres-
Presbyterian General Assembly has vehem- American people ? ? ?
ently denied any infiltration of the crafts, "I hereby proclaim the third Saturday of surfs of the cold th.
professions, and the church. 'He infers no May in 1961 as Armed Forces Day." Ia capabilities, face of this threat and its numerous
Red threat exists, and with equal vehemence Today, this third Saturday in May, up- with jutice our ou shective out is to achieve peace
has attacked the John Birch Society as a dan- ward of 25 , million Americans y y' expected What with at do do ehroveout the counter t
gerously conservative society to be closely tosit net bym litary installations in re- h have vite efens thi
s threat?
watched. The public, now stirred and in- sponse to the President's proclamation. As a have the triservice serr of this team.
formed, repudiates both of these bromides, Armed Forces Day was first established Army As a dedicated t full sup of this team, do-port to even though they are cloaked in the garb in 1950 as a single annual occasion to re- fense gives its
the basic de-
policies ts full outlined ed by President
of a clergyman. place the different dates each year celebrated in his recent defense President budget mess s Kennedy
"The John Birch Society Is best recom- by may the individual services. It was intended m hmage. You
mended by the type recall that the Parmspec "Tot
who
oppose
people y ppos iitthe Communists, cer- components of the Armed eFor Interdependence to af- primary purpose certain out at t is hey vr
tain news media, some dissidents and pseu- ford a yearly opportunity have to to be make used-to out
deter rt all they wars, general
dointellectuals. Such have helped the American people how their defense dollars have , nuclear o , or
Commies greatly in their crusade to dis- are being spent. salllimited, convince or all conventional,
potential a large
credit the organization." Or to state it another way, Armed Forces any attack would w be futile -to The minister went on to point out what Day provides the services an opportunity to that any ould be ue-to provide
he considers proof of such aid. "The San give an annual accounting to the people of backing for diplomatic
the of r r-
Francisco youth riots, the attacks on the the United States. putes-to
gaining power the end to of our bar"
validity of the film `Operation Abolition,' Today, and this gaining power for ah end to the arms race."
the screaming insults against the integrity people are being made aware of how well the the modern ar ta framework
out its in which
of the patriotic 'Young America for Freedom Army-and the other Armed Forces-are pre- these the m basic s army national carries defense out lipart of
Society,' and the John Birch Society, the pared for the pursuit of peace. primary p tit it
smokescreen of words 'negative, absurd, su- Why do we have Armed Forces? of first our overall necessary national recall a defense poli nse poll pr that
perconservative,' stems from people of simi- Stated briefly, we need Armed Forces to policy-that o security. lar social, political, and governmental Phil- achieve our national objective. The United national oe Our large inter-
osophy-namely, socialism." States represents the ultimate advance made atern commitments in a large measuof
Socialism and democracy, Rev. Stoddard by man throughout his history to achieve determine the utilization and deployment of
said, are at opposite poles and differ as dark- freedom. Our main national objective is to the Army.
At to
ness and light. "Democracy has given us protect our national heritage and these free- threat,
home, have with ptour against
Ca a a
nadian stra allies
substance, and socialism would give us doms which we uniquely enjoy. North Command.
s
theory, promises, pie in the sky, and in the A strong defense posture is the best insur- the North American Air Defense Command.
end, enslavement. Communism is social- ance for peace because, as the President has Our on-site Nine-Hercules units play a sme
role in this aspect of our home
ism without a conscience, gone berserk. pointed out, only when our arms are suffi- defense
There Is no 'middle-of-the-road,' no com- cient beyond doubt can we be certain that We ha.
promise between democracy and commu- they will never be employed. We have built at a stn cue of a striking force for instant
n all-out
ion nism. Every American is either right or left, General Washington, nearly 150 years ago, nuclear war, The Air Force and Navy have
conservative or socialist. put it this way: "If we desire peace, it must principal roles in this force. In this connec-
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 Approved For Relea I 003 10008-4 June 6
.ion, I should like to say that we consider ing or countering aggression. That area Funds for Educating Africa May Save
the deterrent retaliatory force represented is between what we can do with what we Billions Later
by the Strategic Air Command to be ab- have and what we could do with additional
solutely vital to our survival. However, it is quantities of modern weapons and equip-
not appropriate for use in a limited war sit- ment. There are encouraging signs that EXTENSION OF REMARKS
cation such as the Lebanon incident of 1959. this gap may be narrowed appreciably in the OF
It does guarantee freedom of action for lim- near future. I refer, of course, to Presi- N ROBERT W. HEMPHILL
ited war forces, and so long as we maintain dent Kennedy's recent statements concern- H~1 n
superior strategic forces, limited conflict is Ink, the provision of additional airlift and of SOUTH CAROLINA
likely to remain limited. to the broader recognition which Army
We must also have Army, Navy, and Air weapons and equipment modernization IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Forces equipped for limited as well as gen- needs are receiving at this time. Tuesday, June 6, 1961
eral war. Other forces which contribute to .As you recall, among the objectives' ad-
the Nation's deterrent to general and limited vocated by the President, and long indorsed Mr. HEMPHILL. Mr. Speaker, un-
war, which are often overlooked, are our pre- by the Army, which point the direction of der leave to extend my remarks in the
positioned Army, Navy and Air Forces in the continuing reappraisal, are the fol- REcoRD. I include the following editorial
oversea areas. lowing: from the Evening Herald, Rock Hill,
With the aims of international com- Sufficiently powerful and mobile forces S.C, of June 1, 1961. This article is
munism clear and the emergence of Com- to prevent the steady erosion of the free wby Col. Talbot Patrick, the edi-
munist China as a major power, we have world through limited wars. written r and publisher, who is an experienced
formed a system of global alliances with na- A flexible, selective, swift, and effective tor tions, who, like ourselves, desire freedom. force to react to an attack on any part of tra`reler and Continually exhibits the
To fulfill our military commitments under tl'Le free world with any kind of weapons. patriotic interests in the welfare of this
the principle of collective security, and to Increases in non-nuclear firepower and country. I enclose the article as follows:
meet other essential national requirements, battlefield mobility to permit deliberate FUNDS FOREDVCATINC AFRICANS MAY SAVE
we have Army units overseas in Germany. choices in weapons and strategy and reduce BILLIONS LATER
Italy, France, Korea, Okinawa, Panama, and the danger of unnecessary escalation of a (This is another in a series of letters to
in several other countries. Many of you small war into a large war. Evening Herald readers by Talbot Patrick,
here in this room have served in one of these The expansion of special forces trained Herald editor and publisher. He is attend-
oversea stations in the recent past. in guerrilla warfare. ing the annual congre,as of the International
When we tally up our obligations, it is no The provision of adequate airlift and sea- Press Institute in Tel Aviv, Israel.)
wonder that we find more than 40 percent lift to move elements of the Strategic Army DEAR READERS: If you read the last letter,
of the Army deployed overseas. Corps, you'll remember I quoted from a book by
Included in the oversea strength of our Substantial improvements in supporting Egypt's boss man about the "African Conti-
missions in almost all assistance of the advisory groups countries tactical aircraft.
Additional emphasis on research and devel- neat circle." Today there's a lot of action in
and army are military
line with ideas Ganxal Abdei Nasser put
with which are allied, as well several opment on limited war requirements. line his book several years ago.
others. Through these organizations, the Stepped-up procurement of modern weap- ,-We ourselves are in Africa," he wrote.
United States contributes to the readiness of ens and equipment. "Surely the people of Africa will continue to
percent of the free world's armies. This Those are the President's objectives. I loot: to us-we who a:re the guardians of the
gives the equivalent of 200 combat divisions might say here, realizing that we are all tax- continent's northern gate, we who constitute
standing guard along the frontiers of free- payers, that the Army has no greater respon- the connecting link between the continent
dom. sibility than to see that every dollar it an 9. the outer world. * * * We surely can-
If, from this point on, I seem to overem-
only Spends and every piece of equipment it pays not under any condition stand as mere on-
phasize the mission of the army, it is only for give maximum returns in performance. lookers."
because most of you and I are more familiar We understand the need for getting good And so Nasser welcomes with big escorts
and more personally concerned with this value for our money in attaining these ob- anti banners visits by heads of new African
aspect of national defense. ;jectives, nations. Particularly welcome are heads of
In addition to our army forces deployed Now, let me observe that wars are fought those nations which break all ties with coun-
overseas, e the army is mat home the Saeon . to gain or maintain control of people and tries of which formely they were colonies.
Twist state of three divisions, ons, weits motto: tto: the land they inhabit. The Army is the ele- Representatives of peoples in African areas
S corpt of there divisions, with meat of our overall military structure which st.ii seeking indepedence are more than wel-
"killed. tough, ready around t the clock," is is by law specifically created to gain or main- corned; Egypt finances them. The example
the hard core of our strategic army force taro such control. Its capabilities are de- most noticed by the outside world was the
which is designed for immediate response, with a variety of firepower, in case of emerg- signed both to meet national policy tom- "government" of Algeria which for years
mitments and to react to the full spectrum carried on the guerrilla war for Algerian in-
ency. of the threat within the scope of land war- dependence from Cairo headquarters.
STepowe readiness, mobility, and variety fare within the limitations of the resources
Much less organised, but just as fanatic
of trepowr are desi to confine and snuff made available to us. 'Your Army is ready ir. seeking independence, are smaller groups
out any localized cog ned nflict before it can spread and able to perform its job, is grateful to you from all over the continent of Africa. It
into general war. for your past help in making this possible, isn't, very expensive for Egypt to provide
"on and welcomes your continued interest.
Immediate response sis STRAC's trength is always on specialty.
It's combat-ready strength is always and food and a small office for those
call" for rapid movement overseas, either to Although I have talked mainly about Army who can't finance themselves. And it cer-
reinforce elements already deployed or to achievements, I do not mean to imply that tainly is a way for Egypt to make friends
may
deal promptly with trouble at some pre- the Army alone is sufficient for national and influence people. , People who ma in
viously unguarded or lightly held point. defense. The Armed Forces are a team-the t;me become influential.
And of course money goes to some or all
STRAC is our mobile troubleshooter, our clear or conventional awar, each member has of these groups from Communist representa-
"flr brigade." Baackcking gupSome e have our strategic its own vi"pl roles and missions. To bead tiv't suggest that our United States for army forces at home and d our fine reserve e and Forces Vemus "power be a bap nced offensivem
do I es, too. wouldnanything of that sort.
National Guard units. the United States is missing a woxxder-
The factor exerting the greatest influence fensive force, with a balanced dual capability
opportunity But. In failure do anything
on our Nation today is change-worldwide on land, on the sea, and in the air, together ful e political and sociological change, change in with a strategic air and sealift for swift abewhout the come to young Cairo, people They from all want over veer Africa
ica
world power and tremendous and rapid tech- movement of troops and supplies.
nological change. I would like to close with this thought by They want training by which they can help
The Armed Forces must keep pace with President Kennedy-expressed in an address both themselves and their home lands adjust
developments. The latest in new weapons to the American Society of Newspaper Edi- to the modern world. And, when they re-
and equipment with which to respond ~ to tors-to guide our actions for the future: turn to home lands where the educated and
the threat must be made available not only "The complacent, the self-indulgent, the trained are few in number, they will be In-
to the Active Army, but to all elements of soft societies are to be swept away with the portant people in international as well as
our one Army-the Active Army, the Army debris of history. Only the strong, only the home affairs. atural place fw these young
National Guard, and the Army Reserve-in industrious, only the determined, only the Cairo is a n
adequate quantities to maintain combat courageous, only the visionary, who deter- people to try to reach. It is the big city of For th
e who readiness for any type of war. There still mine the real nature of our struggle, can are! It has universities, University standssas the
remains an area for improvement in the possibly survive." centuries-old center of Islamic education.
Army's readiness to do Its share in prevent- Thank you.
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Once again we find our wonderful
country faced with grave danger. There
are loose in the world those forces who
would destroy us.
And, even as our honored war dead
were called upon to summon their last
ounce of courage and endurance, we
citizens of today must once again face
the foe with forbearance and unswerv-
ing determination.
For if the proud heritage we cherish
today is to endure, Americans again
must meet the clarion call to oppose
those who would doom us.
If we can but equal the qualities pos-
sessed by the men we honor here today,
there is no foe we cannot conquer, no
conspiracy we cannot overcome, no chal-
lenge we cannot meet.
This is the message for each of us
here today as we pay honor to the de-
parted ones of all wars. Glory to the
battle dead. And honor to those who
returned home and have since passed
on.
Honor to the sons and to the father,
to the husbands and to the brothers.
Also, honor and comfort to the beloved
survivors of those departed ones.
May our thoughts, our words and our
deeds always fulfill the high ideals for
which the brave have sacrificed. The
obligation is ours to assure that the
honored dead shall not have died in
vain.
The Accrual Accounting Act
of funds, both with respect to foreign aid
and defense, which makes it almost impos-
sbile for us (Congress) to know exactly what
we are doing, and the effect our actions will
have on the amount of money available to
the executive branch."
The Eisenhower administration asked
Congress to place an accrued-funds,limita-
tion. on several appropriations, but nothing
was done. The new administration so far
has made no request that the law be made
.effective through congressional limitations
on carryover funds. Apparently it will take
pressure from the White House to obtain ac-
tion at the Capitol. We hope that the
President, as author of the law, will make
every reasonable effort to see that it does
not remain a dead duck.
Indecision Hurts the United States
Abroad
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BRUCE ALGER
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 25, 1961
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, the free
world is looking to America for leader-
ship. If we fail to take a firm stand,
and just talk about freedom, we will lose
the confidence of the uncommitted na-
tions and when that happens we could
well lose the cold war. It may be well
for Members of Congress to think about
the thoughts expressed in the following
excerpt from the U.S. News & World Re-
port so that whatever pressure possible
may be brought upon the President to
stop talking and back up some of the
fine sentiments he has already set forth,
before it is too late:
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR.
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 25, 1961
Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. Speaker, my col-
league, Congressman BRAD MORSE, has
been performing a noteworthy task for
the American taxpayer in urging that
President Kennedy implement a law
which the President, during his Senate
days, played a major part in enacting.
The following editorial from the Wash-
ington Star is a well-deserved tribute to
Congressman MORSE'S efforts in this
area:.
[From the Evening Star, May 19, 19611
TIME To RESURRECT IT
Representative BRADFORD MORSE of Massa-
chusetts has given President Kennedy a
timely reminder that a law which the Presi-
dent sponsored as a Senator has been buried
alive. This is the Hoover Commission's plan
for curbing the piling up by Federal depart-
ments of unexpended appropriations from
previous years. We agree with Representa-
tive MORSE that it is time to put this money-
saving plan into action-and the President,
who worked so hard to obtain passage of the
law 3 years ago, is in a good position to start
the ball rolling.
The law, known as the Accrual Account-
ing Act, requires the departments to report
fully on all funds appropriated in previous
years but not spent and to justify such funds
as carryover items. Congress then would
decide whether to put- a limitation on spe-
cific accumulations and to what extent.
Mr. Kennedy told the Senate in 1957 that
this system would "prevent a great carryover
Trouble for United States is out in the
world, not so much at home.
Trouble's cause? Lack of an objective.
Lack of nerve. Wavering allies. A feeling
by politicians that Americans would rather
be comfortable than act.
A new President, too, has appeared un
certain, somewhat bewildered.
Cuba, more and more, appears as a major
blunder. Invasion of Cuba was going well.
Result of Cuba and Laos: U.S. word is in
question. All around the world it's being
openly wondered whether U.S. promises will
be honored if tested.
it now might take actual shooting to
prove United States means what it says.
Isn't Kennedy to straighten out Khru-
shchev in Vienna? It's unlikely.
Remember this: Kennedy's public life is
that, of a debater, a talker. Khrushchev's
life-a long one-has been that of a ruth-
less man of action.
Words, to Kennedy, mean much. Words,
to Khrushchev, aren't important. The Rus-
sians use words as a cover, while getting
ready for actions.
So now what? New idea in Washington
is to "stabilize the periphery." The mean-
ing? Deal with Khrushchev on the future
of "fringe" countries.
Something new? No, not really new. It
formerly was called "appeasement," but that
word came into disrepute so a- phrase is be-
ing substituted. Trouble is that the
"periphery" for Russia keeps pushing out
as Communism spreads.
Khrushchev's technique: Deal. Nail down
new conquests. - Then push on.
Actually, if the world only knew it, Com-
munists are in trouble, too. .
Red China's population is on short ra-
tions. Communism in China, as in Russia
and elsewhere, is unable to solve the prob-
lem of agriculture. Russia, too, is having
continued trouble with farmers. In the
Soviet Union there's a return to capital
punishment for a wide range of offenses.
Eastern Europe, Russia's colonial empire,
has the troubles of all of today's colonies.
People are restive and can be stirred up.
Then why all the fear of the Communist
countries? It's a mystery.
Western Europe, alone, is vastly stronger
than Russia. Add United States and there
is no comparison in potential strength. Add
Japan and the comparison is even more one-
sided. It's probably three-to-one odds on
the non-Communist side.
But: Except for United States, no country
seems much interested in defense.
The trouble? Apparently only the Com-
munists have a real objective for which they
keep working. It seems that no country
wants to try very hard to buck the spread
of Communism. There's a great desire to
live in ease.
Result is that Khrushchev is having
Ro' ert Welch Has No Connection With
the Candy Industry
Defections from Castro had started. Cas-
tro's militia did suffer heavy casualties.
Castro's tanks were sitting ducks to air
attack. Also an aircraft carrier was just off-
shore. But air support, vital to the whole
operation, promised by United States for
the invasion, was denied.
Why? Because the original plan, en-
dorsed by military, was not used. Back of
that? CIA took hold, moved on its own,
not on military recommendations. Civil-
ians interfered with a military operation in
progress, got disaster. Pilots, begging to
answer pleas from shore, had to sit on their
hands.
Who was in on the operation? Everybody
who gets in on any operations of a mili-
tary nature. White House, CIA, military
services-all of them, including Coast Guard.
Could it have worked? Military answer:
Yes, if plans as drawn had been given a
chance to work out, instead of being changed
in middle.
What about Laos? Was that the same?
Not quite. There U.S. allies just faded
away. Nobody, including United States,
wanted to take a chance on shooting.
Khrushchev, using others to do his fight-
ing, played it tough and won.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 23, 1961
Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, I com-
mend to the attention of our colleagues
the following editorial from the May 9,
1961, issue of the Candy Industry and
Confectioners Journal, which gives some
sidelights about the controversial
founder of the John Birch Society. The
most important point made is that
Robert Welch has no connection whatso-
ever with the candy industry.
This editorial was written by Don
Gussow, a brilliant gentleman who has
become the acknowledged spokesman for
the candy industry in the United States.
Candy Industry is edited and published
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX Mai/ 25
in New York and is probably the greatest
single influence in the candy industry
today.
The editorial follows:
THE BOB WELCH STORY
This editorial. deals with an unusual sub-
ject. The subject is Bob Welch and the
John Birch Society.
This writer has known Robert Henry Win-
borne Welch, Jr., for over 25 years. We have
not seen, nor been in contact with him for
the past 4 years, when he resigned his post
as vice president and sales manager of the
James O. Welch Co., Cambridge, Mass.
We remember Bob Welch as an articulate,
highly intelligent, imaginative and very
much involved person. We do not recall
Bob Welch's taking the middle road on any
subject. When Bob Welch became involved
in a situation, he was fully and wholly in-
volved. Almost .literally bouncing with
nervous energy, Bob Welch could not remain
sitting or standing still in one position for
more than a second. A compulsive worker,
Bob Welch toiled almost around the clock.
of 1956 he called on Chancellor Conrad
Adenauer in Bonn, West Germany.
In 1956 he began to publish a little maga-
zine caned One Man's Opinion, which car-
ried long, involved dissertations on commu-
nism. He did this at his own expense and
in his spare time-probably between the
hours of 10 at night and 4 in the morning,
and on weekends.
He dabbled in politics, made hundreds of
speeches, and even made an unsuccessful
attempt to obtain the Republican nomina-
tion for lieutenant governor in the Com-
monwealth of Massachusetts.
When Bob Welch felt that he could not
give up his outside political and doctrinaire
activities and at the same time continue his
job as sales manager, he resigned his post
in the James O. Welch Co. That was late in
1956. He was succeeded by his very com-
petent assistant, Bob Daugherty. For the
record, Bob Welch never owned and does
not now own any stock in the Welch Candy
Co.
From then on Bob Welch became even
more obsessed with the job of fighting com-
After a full, hectic, rat-tat-tat day in his munism than ever before. He expanded the
office (which usually included a series of Publication of his magazine (the name was
conferences, numerous telephone conversa- changed from One Man's Opinior.L to Ameri-
tions and voluminous dictation given to a can Opinion), wrote pamphlets and tracts
patient, highly competent secretary) Bob and made endless speeches. Two years ago
would rush off to deliver a talk before some he founded the John Birch Society. (In
l
PO ca
or community group, return to his
office and, after it biref nap, go on with more
work until the early hours of the morning.
This was par for Bob Welch's working day
course.
His after hours work more often than
not pertained to chores other than those of
the candy business. During the hours from
10 at night until 4 in the morning, he would
dash off a few chapters of a book, write a
speech, or spend the time in researching e
particular problem In which he might be
involved at that particular time.
Among his many activities, Bob Welch
participated in candy association work. He
served on many committees and at one time
was chairman of the Washington Committee
of the National Confectioners Association.
He won the Kettle Award in 1947. He was
the second to receive this honor,
Bob Welch always seemed to have been
offbeat. He loved chess and played with
experts. At one time he carried on a game
by mail. He hasn't played much chess dur-
ing the past dozen years. We remember Bob
Welch as a gifted writer with a fine sense of
humor. He could and did write humorous
verse. He also wrote one of the easiest to
read and most meaningful books on sales-
manship.
Bob Welch had the benefit of a good edu-
cation. North Carolina born, Bob attended
a 1-room country school, high school, and
had 4 years at the University of North Caro-
lina, 2 years at the U.S. Naval Academy, and
2 at Harvard Law School. . Bob never did
Birch, published that year by the Henry
Regnery Co.)
At this writing Robert H. W. Welch is one
of the most controversial figures ir. the coun-
try. So much has been published about the
John Birch Society in the past few months
that a detailed report is not needed here. It
is not for us to criticize or question Its
motives.
Every right-thinking American is opposed
to communism. Our Nation (together with
its allies and friends) today is involved in
a serious, life and death struggle: with the
Communists. Whether the methods used
by the John Birch Society are the right or
wrong ones, seems to be the concern of
many as evidenced in reports in the daily
press. Certainly the use of communistic
tactics Is abhorrent to those who love and
are devoted to freedom. Immoral means
still do not justify moral ends.
One of the purposes of bringing this story
about Bob Welch and the John Birch So-
ciety to the attention of our readers is to
underline its possible implications in the
industry., Obviously, it is unfortunate that
news dispatches almost invariably refer to
Mr. Welch as a retired candy manufacturer.
This is not good public relations for
candy and the candy Industry. But we have
complete confidence in the fairmindedness
of our people. We question whether any-
one would stop eating candy because he did
not approve of what Robert Welch is saying
or what th
r,.`._
. - .
e
Bic
company has found it necessary to defend
himself in this manner. Jim Welch is one
of the most honorable, highly respected of
men in the candy business. His integrity
is unquestioned. He is not interested in
headlines. He has had but one interest since
he started making fudge in the kitchen of
his home? when quite young, just married,
and in need of finding a way to make a liv-
ing. And his single inte:rest today is to
make the best possible candy and sell it in
the moss; honorable fashion.
We have full confidence in the fairminded-
ness on the part of members, of this industry
and their human qualities to understand
this dif flint situation.
East Central Parts of Oregon Attract
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
H!ON. AL ULLMAN
OF OREGON
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 1, 1961
Mr. ULLMAN, Mr. Speaker, the fol-
lowing a::?ticle from the Oregon Journal
of May 15, indicates a few of the reasons
for the increasing popularity of central
Oregon ramong visitors from other parts
of the Mate and tourists from other
States:
EAST CENTRAL PARTS OF OREGON ATTRACT
(By Paul Manley)
To the road traveler, central and east-cen-
tral Oregon ;presents an ever-changing pano-
rama of scenery.
The hilly country around!. Bend, with its
breathtaking views of snow-capped Cascades
Range peaks, rapidly gives way to fiat, tree-
less rangeland en route to Burns; and north-
ward from this cattle capital, rugged, pine-
studded skiing terrain Is encountered
abruptly.
These ate but surface impressions, and the
motorists wlao pauses to delve beneath the
sought exterior will find friendly people in
quaint, historic communities with enough
unusual, off-the-beaten-track, phenomena to
make the endeavor rewarding.
North oi' Redmond, for example, a turn-
off on U.S. Highway 97 provides a specta.cu-
lar view of the Crooked River Canyon.
(Nearby, i i.cidentally, the Deschutes River
fishing is rot to be overlooked.)
At Bend the highway leads directly past
peaceful Pioneer Park, a pleasant enough -
sight and well worth more than a cursory
glance. Springtime plantings of vivid red
and yellow tulips will soon be replaced by
England, primarii.y to study the effect of whether they will equate Bob Welch's multicolored mallard-ducks almost
tame
them
.
spending most of the time In Asia. Shortly connection whatsoever. to the traveler's needs. Service stations and
afterwards he wrote a book dealing with the In a statement to the press the other da
motels dominate the intersections
but there
,
y,
dismissal of Gen.:Douglas A. MacArthur, en- James 0. Welch, president of the company are also window displays of water skis s,nd
titled May God Forgive Us." It was pub- bearing his name, stated that neither he nor fishing tacka'e, which excite the curiosity of
lished by the Henry Regnery Co., Chicago, in his company shared his brother's point of visitors to this arid region.
1952. About 200,000 copies (both hardbound view. "I know that there must be many From Burns, tourists and sportsmen with
and paperbound) were sold in the first year of our customers who not only disagree with time and energy will point their cars south-
of publication. Bob Welch's viewpoint, but may be very ward, to the picturesque Steens Mountains
yrom that time on Bob was not quite the much disturbed over his activities," Mr, with and the wildlife: an Malheur d Game migratory bir Rry birdswhich teem
same. Now intensely serious, gaunt in ap- Welch said. , while the
pearance, he began to develop a morbid fear "Our company emphatically has nothin p1 to edal pusher hurrying homeward will b-
of communism and Communists. In 1955 to do with the John Birch Society, and my leys of a yon Cr ek n the past in the River
went to Asia once again, this time visit- brother Robert has no connection with this lays oe Canyon Greek and the John Day River
ing Syngman Rhee, then President of Korea, company and owns no stock in it," Mr. Welch Beside the a north .
Gen. Chiang Kai-shek, and other high_ added. John Da the highway between Burns and
ranking members of the Chinese National In a measure; it is a pity that the highly homeste der st cabin, mgidde uaeuriant stands
Government in Taipei, Taiwan. In the fall respected head of a very important candy of ponderosa pine; and less than 2 miles
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 1961
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3759
solid fuel propulsion vehicle or missile
before the Committee on Science and
Astronautics on February 4, 1959, stated
that the Polaris project was a bold
strikeout in solid propellant develop-
ments while the rest of the national
effort was being channeled'into the liquid
fuel path. He stated further that this
two-pronged approach was a gamble that
paid off handsomely.
If we in the United States want to
equal or exceed the Russians in space,
we need not only the liquid fuel propul-
sion but also the solid fuel approach,
and likewise we should have the nuclear
and the electric propulsion fuel as fur-
ther approaches in the future for oper-
ating vehicles in space.
I would like to comment further on
the supplemental views as contained in
the committee report. There is really
not a difference of $141,600,000 between
the committee approach and the two
Members filing supplemental views.
There Js only $126,600,000 difference.
The $15 million for emergency construc-
tion of facilities is in each of the figures.
So that our new figure of the committee
of $1,376,900,000 is simply an increase
of the Bureau of the Budget figure of
$1,250,300,000.
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Chair-
man, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. FULTON. I yield to the gentle-
man from Illinois.
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I would like
to make the statement that we miss the
gentleman sorely on the Committee on
Foreign Affairs, but we are so happy he
is doing such a good job on the other
committee.
Mr. FULTON. I thank my good
friend, the gentleman from Illinois.
Eisenhower brothers have not been anti-
Communist enough, and that Chief Justice
Earl Warren is a menace to the American
Republic. These are extreme positions,
rendered more extreme by misquotation and
distortion. But Welch made them in hot
blood in an era when the battle is going
against us internally, externally, morally, and
psychologically. With Mr. Kennedy's dis-
asters in Cuba, Laos, and Geneva, added to
Mr. Eisenhower's in Japan, Paris, the U-2
case, and Mr. Truman's in Potsdam, Korea,
and Hungary, it doesn't seem too much to
forgive a high-tempered man for using
rough language.
If Welch owes some apologies (as I believe
he does), many persons owe the same to
him. It is insulting for a gray-haired super-
patriot (why is that noun a smutty word?)
to be called a Fascist, dictator, Nazi, hate-
monger, and antisemite. All these are epi-
thets capable of Inciting personal and pro-
fessional injury to Welch and, by unfair
association, to his followers. Welch has de-
nied that he is, or would ever be, any of
these things. He and several John Birch
Society members have asked to be examined
before congressional committees so as to re-
fute these accusations under oath.
Meanwhile, one of our largest and finest
newspapers, which severely reprimanded
Welch and the John Birch Society, has been
deluged with letter from Americans who
want to know how to join the society. There
is the charge of sinister secrecy. But merely
by asking an acknowledged member, I tucked
under my arm and brought away for study
a lot of John Birch Society literature. My
haul included the much-discussed Blue
Book, and the member's Monthly Message
with a blank space and this notice: "John
Birch Society, Belmont 78, Mass. Gentle-
men, I should like to make the following
comments or suggestions." It doesn't read
like authoritarianism to me.
The society is a perfectly furious anti-
Communist organization which advocates
giving the Reds some of their own medicine.
By implication, this could mean taking Ha-
vana as ruthlessly as Khrushchev took
Budapest, training guerillas and subversives
to upset Communist governments, making
anti-Americans as unpopular in America as
anti-Reds are in Communist lands.
Much of the John Birch Society policy is
shocking to prudish Americans (and those
who affect prudishness to show off their
"couthness"), but the other day Represent-
ative WALTER JUDD, Republican of Minne-
sota, made the same philosophic points in
much more eloquent, more cogent lan-
guage. Speaking before the U.S. Chamber of
Commerce, JUDD insisted (as does the John
Birch Society) that we can't apply Judeo-
Christian ethics or American codes of honor
and chivalry to communism. JUDD said:
"The reason why it is not possible to get
any real agreement with the Communist
world-whether at Yalta or the U.N., at Pan-
munjom, at Geneva or at Paris-is because
the Communists are not pursing the same
goals as we, at our best, are pursuing.
"And why are they not pursuing the same
goals as we? It is because they do not be-
lieve in the same things as we do-about
man and about the universe; that is, about
God. One reason for our difficulties is that
we have been exposed so long and so con-
sistently to the Judeo-Christian body of
ethics that we take its moral standards for
granted. We tend to equate "Christian"
with "human"--and since the men in Mos-
cow and Peiping are human beings we as-
sume they will act as Christians do.
"We cannot readily condemn esthetic
Communists for betraying Christian values
which they have never professed, and which
in fact they deny. It is absurd to believe
that they can make moral judgments when
their creed tells them that man is not a
moral being, but is an economical animal."
Robert Welch and WALTER JUDD, though
miles apart in their ability to articulate, are
trying to say much the same thing, which
is. this: Let's stop treating Communists like
moral equals.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DURWARD G. HALL
OF MISSOURI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 25, 1961
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, soon the
House will consider the controversial
issue of Federal aid to education. A
recent issue of the Aurora Advertiser in
my district contains an outstanding edi-
torial on this subject, and I submit it
below for insertion in the RECORD for
consideration by those who will be asked
to vote on this issue:
- PLEASE TELL Us WHY
We have watched with puzzled amazement
the almost fanatic fervor with which educa-
tors and many others have worked in a re-
lentless campaign which seems, at last,
headed for success-and wondered why.
The crusade, of course, is that for Federal
aid to education.
Federal aid to education can come, of
course, only from taxes paid by the people.
State aid to education comes also from taxes
paid by exactly the same people. Local tax
support from schools comes from taxes paid
by the same people, all of whom live in some
school district.
Why so many should believe there is in-
herent magic of some sort in channeling tax
money to Washington and then sending a
part of it back that makes it different from
sending it to the State capital and back, or
the county seat and back we can not under-
stand. We have asked proponents to explain
the difference, and have never found one
who could do so that we could understand.
Two things we know. There is not, at
present, an expensive Federal bureau to re-
ceive tax money and distribute it to the
schools. If the Federal aid program goes
through, there will be. And the cost of this
bureau will have to be collected to pay Fed-
eral aid, and therefore is an extra expense to
the people.
Already, in every State, there Is machi-
nery for collecting school tax money and
distributing it. Already in every county,
there is the same sort of organization. Both
will continue if Federal aid is instituted.
Though they deny it frantically, the real
goal, we believe, of Federal aid to education
is Federal control of education. Proponents
want a sort of civil service for educators.
They want national standards, handed down
from above. In their hearts, they lack
confidence in the ability of the people to
make decisions concerning the schools their
children attend. The educators concerned
lack self-confidence in their own leader-
ship.
Any long-time member of a school board
in Missouri, can point out definite losses of
initiative which have followed the, shifting
of the financial burden of schools from the
local district to the State, Nearly all of
the orders from above which have forced
changes in standards and curricula have
been for the good. But, in the wrong
hands, and that governmental bodies do fall
into wrong hands has been demonstrated in
countless incidents In the history of the
world, they could just as easily be bad as
good.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 25, 1961
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker,
Newspaper Columnist Holmes Alexander
has written an excellent article concern-
ing the John Birch Society. It is note-
worthy that Mr. Alexander is not a inem-
ber of the society. The article was re-
leased through the McNaught Syndicate,
Inc., on May 8, 1961. Under unanimuos
consent I include the article in the Ap-
pendix of the RECORD:
ROBERT WELCH AND WALTER JUDD
(By Holmes Alexander)
WASHINGTON, D.C.-Many will write to say
that it takes a foolhardy columnist to rise
and defend the John Birch Society, espe-
cially when he's not a member. My answer
would be that it took the touch of the des-
perado to discover the new world, the two
polar regions, medical anesthetics, and many,
inaccessible but abstract truths as well.
Nothing ventured; nothing gained.
? Robert Welch, founder and president of
the John Birch Society, has pondered long
and reached the considered opinion that the
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A3760 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
That Federal aid to education will be ac-
companied by a certain amount of Federal
control of education follows as logically as
night follows day. It has been an inescap-
able aftermath of Federal aid programs in
every field which the Federal Government
has entered.
In the hands of a would-be Hitler, or a
would-be Stalin, such power to control the
education of youth is so dangerous that the
American people should entrust it to no
one.
We -believe, sadly, that Federal aid to
education is upon us. Only a last-minute
storm of protest can head off Its dangers
now, and there are no signs of such a storm.
And we wonder why.
Police to Parents
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. J. CALEB BOGGS
OF DELAWARE
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May 25, 1961'
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. President, about 4
weeks ago, I called attention of the Sen-
ate to an article in Parade magazine
dealing with puzzling traffic. situations
on our highways. The answers to those
situations were supplied by the Delaware
State Police, an organization which has
been accorded international honors. To-
day I would like to again call attention
to an article in the same magazine which
tells the story of Delaware's bold new
plan to keep youngsters out of trouble.
Very simply, the plan involves the send-
ing of a letter to the parents of a boy or
girl who has been contacted by the State
police either for directly violating a law
or being in a group which has violated
a law. The letter merely explains the
Aituation under which the boy or girl
was contacted and serves to inform par-
ents of the whereabouts and the doings
of their youngsters.
This forward-looking plan was the
brain child of Lt. Hugh Collins of the
Delaware State Police and has been in
effect for about 1 year. Its success is
measured in the fact that it is a rare day
when a youngster whose parents have
received such a letter turns up in court.
Also, the State of Connecticut has copied
the program and youth workers through-
out the country are watching this mod-
ern-day application of the old adage "A
stitch in time * * * "
I commend the reading of this article
to my colleagues and congratulate the
Delaware State Police, under Col. John
P. Ferguson, for their outstanding work
in this and. other fields of police work.
I ask unanimous consent that the ar-
ticle be printed in the Appendix of the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
POLICE TO PARENTS
(By E. D. Pales, Jr.)
DovER, DEL.-A few weeks ago, the mother
of a teenaged girl took an official-looking
letter from her mailbox here. It bore the
emblem of the Delaware State Police.
".Dear Mrs. Jones," the letter began. "On
U.S. Route 40 last night your daughter
Helen, 15, was contacted by State police.
When she came to our attention she was a
passenger in a car driven by a 17-year-old
boy, who was arrested for driving in excess
of 80 miles an hour and racing.
"Your daughter violated no law but was
in great peril, and we thought you should
know so you can advise her The boy had
been arrested before for dangerous driving.
Respectfully, Col. John P. Ferguson, Super-
intendent of State police."
That same morning, identical letters went
to the parents of 10 other teenagers who
had been in the race. And in the past year,
hundreds more have gone to families all
over Delaware. For in a unique-and con-
troversial---program State police here are
using letters to parents to combat the new
problem of teenage wildness. By stitch-in-
time warnings, police hope they can help
keep kids out of serious trouble and perhaps
even save young lives.
WHERE ARE THEY TONIGHT?
The program deals not with delinquents
but with "good kids" who might be led
astray, and its premise is simple. In this age
of speed and distance, police say, even the
best parent can't know every minute what
a youngster Is doing or whom he's doing it
with. The cop on the beat and the neigh-
borhood grapevine used to keep parents in-
formed. But today's teenagers roam far
from home, and scant news of their conduct
gets back to parents. Pointed notes from
police seek to span that gap.
The Delaware program is being watched
closely by youth workers everywhere, and
one State, Connecticut, already has copied
it. Not every parent approves. But police
say It pays off: it's a rare day when a young-
ster whose parents have received a letter
later turns up in court. Typical is the case
of Helen Jones (a fictitious name, like all
other names of parents and teenagers in
this article). After her mother received the
police letter, she wrote a grateful reply:
"I've been worried sick and I've been try-
ing to warn her," Mrs. Jones wrote. "But
she told me times had changed and I didn't
understand.
"Then your letter came. Thank you for
saving me from being an old fogey."
Since then, Helen hasn't been seen with
her old companions. But, says Lt. Hugh
Collins, who dreamed up the letter idea, po-
lice see many others like her. "They're nice
kids, but naive," asserts Collins, a tall, quiet
officer. "They run with bad companions and
wild drivers. They're the kind we often pull
out from some sickening wreck."
Just such a wreck Inspired Lieutenant
Collins with his idea in the first place. On
a Delaware highway several years ago, a
earful of frightened teenagers spun into a
curve at 70 miles per hour, crashed through a
fence, landed in a field and Overturned. By
the greatest of miracles, no one was hurt.
The driver, a 17-year-old showoff, was ar-
rested. But because there were no further
arrests and no injuries, parents of the other
youngsters were not notified.
Two months later, some of the same crowd
were out with another wild driver. There
was another wreck. This time, two of them
died.
"That set me to thinking," Lieutenant
Collins says. "These kids would have been
alive if we had alerted their parents. It
seemed to me that we ought to be able to
warn parents in such cases, so that they
could take action. The letters program was
the result."
Since the program was launched, more
than 1,200 letters have been sent out. The
police have dealt with all kinds of situations
and approached all strata of parents. The
letters are usually extremely blunt.
May 25'
"Dear Mr. and Mrs. Adams," reads a typi-
cal letter. "Saturday at 1:15 a.m. your
daughter Mary Jane, 17, was contacted by a
trooper north of Dover on U.S. Route 13.
When brought to our attention she was
asleep on the rear seat of a parked car
operated by one Joseph Blank, 19. Mr.
Blank was asleep in the front seat of the
"Dear Mr. and Mrs. Smith," reads an-
other "Sunday at 111:20 p.m. your son.
Billy, 14, was in a car driven by Peter Jack-
son, :16. Peter was arrested for drag racing
and running a red light. Both of these are
dangerous practices and not in your son's
best interests. Peter has been arrested be-
fore."
Sometimes a letter also contains a short,
lecture. Recently a earful of high school.
students was stopped after a minor accident.
The letter that went to parents of one girl
included these statements:
"The events that followed had. all the
appearance of a mob scene, with a lot of un-
necessary shouting, crowding and smart re-
mark's.
MOM WAS ALL SHOOK
"W=e feel reasonably sure this is not the
way you would like your 14-year-old daugh-
ter Phyllis. to act when abroad. Perhaps
by having this brought to your attention you.
can prevail on her to act the part of a young
lady."
How do most parents react when such
a letter arrives? To :find out, Parade went
to the home of Ben Brown, who was stopped
with a carload of drag racers.
"Morn was all shook when the letter came,"
Ben said. "Let's face It. I never would
have told her about the race. But when
the Letter came she movie me tell her every
detaf."
Mrs.. Brown talked the matter over with
Ben, admonished him, and then turned him
over to his father. The two had a man-
to-man talk. "I was able to explain that
the one thing everyone has to guard against
is being pushed into trouble by the 'some-
one' in every crowd who has a stronger will,"
Mr. Brown says. "Next time my boy won't
be led."
In other homes, there are emotional
scences, laying down of the law or the wood..
shed treatment. And often parents of teen-
agers "ground" their children, by canceling
their cqr privileges.
FIEI,PFUL OR Hi:CGHHANDED?
Some parents take a dim view of the whole
procedure. They deplore the fact that each
letter is accompanied by a questionnaire,
asking, among other things, "What is your
attitude?" (toward the 'letters) and whether
the teenager "admits t o participation."
And parents who do not return the ques--
tionnaire receive another, sterner letter.
They are asked why they did not return
the questionnaire and even asked for the
name of anyone who advised them not to
reply.
Even more important, parents say, is the
fact that the letter becomes part of a police
file-albeit a confidential one, available only
to the courts. Since no legal wrong has
been committed, some parents consider this
procedure highhanded and possibly even
illegal. State police counter by saying that
the file is destroyed when the youngster
reaches 18.
But parents interviewed by Parade over-
whelmingly approved the idea. "It; closes a
big gap created by the automobile between
us and our children," one can said, "Maybe
the police shouldn't be doing it--but who
else could?"
Some teenagers said they were in favor of
police viglance; others gave approval grudg-
ingly. But one summed up the minority
feeling: "If we violate no law, what business
is it of anyone's?"
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ApprovCONGRESSI
1961 ~
f
the Associated Press with the heading Times this morning an article that to
"ADA Says Red China Should Be Rec- me represents a devastating reply to
ognized." Mr. Speaker, the Americans those who contend that this country had
for Democratic Action are up to their not given Cuban Dictator Castro fair
old tricks of advocating recognition by treatment.
the United States of Red China as well Frankly, a surprising number of my
too arguing
been in
admission asociiated Nations. with me own that we have persist
of the people h and
the ADA formed the policies years ago peremptory in our treatment of Castro.
that caused the loss of free China behind Because this badly mistaken view may
the Iron Curtain of communism, as well be shared by many Americans, I ask
as the loss of many other countries. Cer- unanimous consent that the column in
tainly their policies at that time were today's New York Times, entitled "The
wrong and the policies they advocate to- Lively Issue of Castro's Justifications,"
day are just as bad and as detrimental be printed in the Appendix of the
to the interest of the United States and R CORD
the free world: e being no objection, the article
ADA SAYS RED CHINA SHOULD BE RECOGNIZED as wf as ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
(By the Associated Press)
Americans for Democratic Action urges a THE LIVELY ISSUE OF CASTRO'S JUSTIFICATIONS
start toward diplomatic recognition of Red (By Arthur Krock)
China "and its accreditation to the United WASHINGTON, May 17-Two conclusions
Nations as the government of China." reached by this department after an exam-
This should not be done, the ADA said, "as ination of the origins of the currently hos-
gestures of moral approval of past actions tile United States-Castro relations, and pub-
but as a means of establishing the normal lished here under date of May 10, have
channels of international communication." evoked an unusual number of remarkably
The ADA's views on China were in a reso- uniform dissents from readers. These con-
lution adopted yesterday before its 14th an- clusions were:
nual convention adjourned. 1. The factual weakness of an advertise-
" PROVISIONS FOR FORMOSA ment in this newspaper, signed by a number
Recognition of the Peiping regime and its of Harvard professors among other distin-
accreditation to the United Nations, the ADA guished citizens, which justified Castro's
said, "would increase our access to informa- anti-Americanism on the ground that for
tion on Chinese affairs and the possibility "at least a year" U.S. policy has been "We
of affecting Chinese foreign policy." must crush Castro," is that it began the
Admitting Red China to the United Na- chapter of United States-Castro relations in
tions, the ADA said, "should be linked to the middle.
the condition that the inhabitants of For- 2. Castro's unfriendly and illegal acts, and
mosa shall themselves democratically decide his anti-American incitements of the Cuban
whether they shall be admitted to the United population, long preceded the date chosen
Nations as an independent nation or that in this advertisement to demonstrate that
they shall rejoin mainland China." the burden of blame is on his government.
The Chinese seat at the United Nations In rebuttal of these conclusions the let-
now is held by representatives of the Chi- terwriters generally contended that the
which is based United States refused a request from Castro
list Government
n
ti
N
,
o
a
nese
a
on Formosa. to be invited for talks; rebuffed and snubbed
On domestic matters, ADA, a self-de- him when he came here in February 1959,
scribed liberal organization, said the Ken- to speak to the. American Society of News-
nedy administration was "drifting into the paper Editors; and refused his offer at that
worst mistakes of the Eisenhower years" time and thereafter to negotiate the differ-
The ADA defined them as "improvisations ences between his regime and the Govern-
for segments of full employment and eco- meat of the United States. But the open
nomic growth." record is the following:
MENDATIONS 1 Castro never requested an official in-
ECOM
4. At the San Jose, Costa Rica, conference,
August 1960, Cuban Foreign Minister Roa
charged that this Government had con-
sistently refused Castro's offers of negotia-
tion. Secretary Herter made and docu-
mented this reply: That continuing attacks
on the United States by the Castro regime
began in January 1959 before the acts it al-
leges were U.S. aggression. He said also that
from this date forward political assaults on
the U.S. Government, "and scurrilous at-
tempts to -besmirch the characters of its
leaders, have nevertheless been consistent
and made with increased savagery."
The circumstances that the charges in
Castro's justification that this open record
refutes are being made by citizens of such
quality is strange, disturbing, and mysteri-
ous. But it is true, as pointed out in some
of the letters, that Castro also can cite
grievances prior to the preinvasion program-
ing. For example, the United States did
not completely bar arms to dictator Batista
until March 14, 1958; sent a marine guard
for the Guantanamo pumping station 6
miles into Cuba on July 28, 1958; and con-
cluded a 20-year atomic energy aid agree-
ment with Batista September 9, 1958.
The silly paradox, however, is that all this
time U.S. businessmen in Cuba were know-
ingly financing Castro's revolution by pay-
ing their taxes at stations where he could
seize them. Prior to that, the taxes on
Cuban properties owned by Americans were
always sent to Havana, the central collec-
tion office, until the other arrangement was
deliberately made for the financing of Castro.
And meanwhile the State Department was
totally ignoring successive warnings from
two Ambassadors that the interest of inter-
national communism wbuld be served in
Cuba by Caatro'jsuccess.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, a
leading newspaper published in Whit-
tier, Calif., a city located in my district,
has printed a series of five objectively
written articles concerning the John
Birch Society. This newspaper, the
Daily News, is to be commended for bas-
ing the articles on facts which many
news media have ignored in reporting on
the society. Under unanimous consent
I include the first three articles of the
series in the Appendix of the RECORD:
[From the Daily News, Whittier, Calif.,
Apr. 26, 1E)611
How To TELL A COMMIE FRONT
(First of a series)
The John Birch Society may be a move-
ment aimed at strengthening Americanism
and weakening communism, but it is mys-
terious and controversial, too.
Mysterious although its meetings are pub-
lic and its membership open to any good
American who will subscribe to its beliefs.
Controversial although its business is
Americanism,
It has been subjected to criticism by po-
litical officeholders, newspaper editors,
church pastors, and the man on the street.
There has been clamoring for an investiga-
tion of its purpose and organization and its
founder, Robert Welch.
ADDITIONAL R
The resolution recommended a number vitation. When, on his own volition, he
of long-range objectives, including: came unofficially to Washington, in April
Expanded support for neglected segments 1959, Secretary of State Herter gave him a
at which no mention of any de-
of the ecgnomy, notably housing, urban re- luncheon
developme t, water conservation, depressed sired negotiation was made by the Cuban
areas and constantly expanding consumer officials present; and, in the absence of Pres-
purchasing power for a rising standard of ident Eisenhower, the Premier was received
living. by Vice President Nixon.
The convention reelected Samuel H. Beer, 2. On February 22, 1960, Castro did pro-
a Harvard professor, as chairman; Mrs. pose-but for the first time-to negotiate
Franklin D. Roosevelt as honorary chair- with the United States on compensation to
man; Richard C. Sachs, New York, treasurer, American citizens for their property in Cuba
and Roy Bennett, New York, assistant treas- that he expropriated soon after his acces-
urer. Paul Seabury, a University of Cali- sion to power. However, his conditions were
fornia professor, was elected chairman of that during the negotiation the United
the executive committee. States should bind both the Executive and
to efrain from any action which
r
The Case Against Castro
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. WILLIAM PROXMIRE
Congress
Cuba would consider to affect its interests,
while he remained free to negotiate or pro-
crastinate as he chose-conditions obviously
unacceptable and, so far as Congress was
concerned, constitutionally impossible.
S. From the time Castro assumed power
until May 17, 1960, the United States made
9 formal and 16 informal offers to negotiate
all differences with Cuba. The first was by
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES note and statement the United States ex-
Thursday, May 18, 1961 pressed sympathy with the social and eco-
nomic objectives of the Cuban agrarian re-
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, Ar- form law under which the expropriation was
thur Krock writes in the New York made.
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 A3510 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May ~8
IGNORANCE OR MISUNDERSTANDING
Public ignorance or, at least, misunder-
standing may be the cause of accusations
that have run the gamut from dictatorship
to Klan.
But the Birch Society is neither dictatorial
nor a form of the infamous Ku Klux Klan,
according to Whittier chapter leaders.
Five of the leaders have compiled a five-
part series of articles explaining the aims
and objects of the society. The series has
been jointly written by Augustine Cervantes,
of South Whittier; Joseph Coffman, of La
Habra; Raye :King, V. C. Ramler, and Joseph
Sullivan, all of Whittier.
The first article in the series follows:
HOW TO TELL ONE
J. Edgar Hoover tells us in his book,
"Masters of Deceit," that a Communist-front
organization can be detected by applying the
following test:
1. Does the organization espouse the cause
of Soviet Russia? Does it shift when the
party line shifts?
2. Does the organization feature as speak-
ers at its meetings known Communists or
sympathizers?
3. Does the organization sponsor causes,
campaigns, literature, petitions, or other ac-
tivities sponsored by the party or other front
organizations'?
4. Is the organization used as a sounding
board by, or is it endorsed by Communist-
controlled labor unions?
5. Does its literature follow the Commu-
nist line or is it printed by the Communist
press?
6. Does the organization receive consis-
tent favorable mention in Communist
publications?
7. Does the organization represent itself
to be nonpartisan yet engage in political
activities and consistently advocate causes
favored by the Communists? Does it de-
nounce both Fascists and Communists?
8. Does the organization denounce Amer-
ican foreign policy while always lauding
Soviet policy?
9. Does the organization utilize Commu-
nist doubletalk by referring to Soviet dom-
inated countries as democracies, complaining
that the United States is imperialistic and
constantly denouncing monopoly capital?
10. Have outstanding leaders in public life
openly renounced affiliation with the or-
ganization?
ATTRACT OR DENOUNCE?
11. Does the organization, if espousing lib-
eral, progressive causes, attract well-known
honest, patriotic liberals or does it denounce
well known liberals?
12. Does the organization consistently con-
sider matters not directly related to its
avowed purposes and objectives?
Let us assume that the average apathetic
but patriotic citizen had just read the above
12 items and decided to apply these meas-
ures to the organizations in his circles of
acquaintanceship. Would he be able to do
so effectively? The answer is obvious. He
would need to become trained to apply the
above measures intelligently. This then re-
quires a thorough education and background
in dialectical materialistic communism.
How does one receive this type of education
so necessary in our defense against internal
subversion?
DIALECTIC MATERIALISM
There are a number of organizations usu-
ally local in nature which to a pretty good
job of teaching dialectic materialism. How-
ever, December 1958 Robert Welch recognized
the need for a national organization to train
and recruit those already trained into an
effective coordinated group. This resulted
in the conception of the John Birch Society.
Up until the John Birch Society was or-
ganized, well-informed and well-trained pa-
triots more or less worked as individuals or
in uncoordinated groups and as such did
not worry the Communists except as a nui-
sance. However, after the origin of the John
Birch Society, those thousands of concerned
people recognizing their former inadequacy
in fighting communism joined the society
in such numbers that the Communist Party
became alarmed and decided to apply their
proven forces against them. It was recog-
nized that at the present rate of growth the
John Birch Society could attain almost un-
societ'7 or its members. Instead, it system
of defense is set up to reduce to zero the
effectiveness of the Communist activity.
This is accomplished without fanfare or
publicity, thus leaving the subversive group
frustrated but aware of who was respon-
sible. Reports of facts as to subversive ac-
tivitfes observed are reported to national
headquarters where once assembled can
point to future trends in the fight.
limited power to cope with them and thus [Frcn1 the Daily News, Whittier, Calif.,
destroy 40 years of labor. It should be un- Apr. 29, 1.961 ]
derstood that the present status of Commu- SOVIET PROPAGANDA TECHNIQUE STUDIED
nist
ower in th
U
it
d St
t
p
e
n
e
a
es had, except
for a brief but fatal effort by Senator Joseph
McCarthy, been reached through almost con-
tinuous default on the part of the American
people
[From the Daily News, Whittier, Calif., Apr.
27, 1961]
CONCERNED SHOULD BECOME INFORMED
(This is the second of a five-part series on
the John Birch Society. The articles were
jointly written by Augustine Cervantes, Jo-
seph Coffman, Raye King, V. C. Ramler, and
Joseph Sullivan, all members of the Whittier
chapter of the society.-Editor.)
The John Birch Society has tabulated lit-
erally hundreds of documented books, tape
recordings and reports which it makes avail-
able to members and nonmembers alike
which will make informed people out of
concerned people.
Communists are not alarmed about con-
cerned people; however, they recognize that
informed people are dangerous because they
can intelligently inform others.
It is the greatest fear of the Communist
Party in the United States that despite their
tremendous influence in our Government
and over all our means of mass communi-
cation, the American people will wake up
too soon to what has really been happening
right under their very noses.
Communism operates for the most part in
this Country by utilizing front organization
and underground activities.
COMMON ORIGIN
Communist-front organizations are char-
acterized by their common origin, the rigid
conformity of these organizations to the
Communist pattern, their interlocking per-
sonnel and their methods generally used to
deceive the American public. Being part of
a conspiratorial movement their essence is
deceptive.
The tactics of these fronts is to push as
far as possible constitutional privileges by
enlisting through this deception the coop-
eration of as great a segment of the public
as can be deceived.
When activities of the Communists reach
the realm of unconstitutional endeavor then
the underground members take over. These
activities go so far as to place concealed
members in government, education, and
industry.
PROPER TRAINING
Only organizations with members who
have been properly trained can cope with
the pressures brought to bear between these
front organizations and those concealed
underground. By watching the front
groups and their unconcealed programs it
is simple logic to connect those places in
government, education, and industry where
the party line expounded by the front groups
receives the greatest reception.
It should be pointed out here that in all
localities where the Birch Society is active it
is well established in short order by its
members and other freedom groups utiliz-
ing the above reasoning and J. Edgar
Hoover's 12 rules for identifying fronts,
where the Communist danger points that
need to bear watching are.
However, none of these people or organi-
zations are ever labeled Communist by the
(This is the third article of a five-part se-
ries on the John Birch Society written by
Rave King, V. C. Ramier and Joseph Sullivan,
all leaders of the Whittier chapter; August-
fine Cervantes, South Whittier chapter lead-
er; and Joseph Coffman, La Habra chapter
leader.)
Everyone who reads the newspapers or
magazines, watches television or listens to
the radio is aware of the recent great volume
of adverse publicity spewing forth against
the John Birch Society arid its founder Rob-
ert Welch.
This is a special type of treatment re-
served by the Communist conspiracy for spe-
cial people or groups that have been really
effective and which they cannot directly in-
filtrate or subvert.
An informative pamphlet printed in the
U.S. Government Printing Office, Washing-
ton, D.C., on instructions from the 86th
Congress, 2d session, entitled "The Tech-
nique of Soviet Propaganda" should be read
by every man and woman In the United
States.
This report is an official document of the
Senate Committee on the Judiciary. The
purpose of the report was relative to the
administration of the Internal Security Act
and other internal security laws.
PRESS INVADED
Quoting from page 6 (a) of the Judiciary
Committee report as follows:
"There are in the world few organs of
the press, even when bourgeois, in which the
Soviet apparatus has no intelligence. The
main task of auxiliaries in the press is to
manipulate the editor, or if that is not feas-
ible, the reporters, without the editor's
knowledge. General notions like 'This paper
is conservative" or 'Catholic' are not at all
sufficient any longer to recognize the policy
it follows toward Moscow. Sometimes the
managers themselves are unaware that their
newspaper is 'permeated.' "
PROPAGANDA PURPOSE
Quoting further (from p. 14) of the Sen-
ate Judiciary Committee report under the
heading "Breaking Anti-Communists: Slan-
der, Inrimidation, Kidnaping, Murder.":
"An 'Important task of Soviet propaganda
is not only to circumvent the gullible, but
also to reduce those who clearly realize the
danger and zealously proclaim it to a state of
powerlessness. Against these people are
launched campaigns limitless in intensity as
in ignominy. The Communists attempt to
make lepers of them, to develop veritable re-
flexes in public opinion so that a halo of
hatred will be instinctively associated with
their name.
"Communist and crypizr-Communist appa-
ratus put all their ammunition to use in this
task and shrink from neither slander nor
provocation, forgery, nor blackmail. Here
auxiliaries play a leading role: that of scan-
dalmongers..
"Sometimes the Soviet apparatus will de-
nounce an anti-Communist as an under-
ground Communist. Sometimes they will
lead the police to believe that he is a terror-
ist or a trafficker. Slander against the anti-
Communist writer Victor Serge reached such
a point that even well-disposed police serv-
ices no longer knew what to think"
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4 ACCUSE OTHERS
"The apparatus of Moscow said that Leon
Blum was a police auxiliary and purveyor of
convicts, charges De Gaulle with having
worked for German Intelligence, and Sous-
telle with being a Nazi spy; Syngman Rhee
with having sold his country to Japan
(charges to be found in the Soviet Encyclo-
pedia or signed by leaders like Maurize
Thorez.)
"One of the worst infamies has just been
flung at Guy Mollet: he has been accused of
nothing less than having denounced people
interned with him to the Gestapo. Essen-
tially, these and similar attacks are fabrica-
tions from beginning to end; devoid of any
foundation and made in the full knowledge
that they constitute unmitigated lies.
"In the easygoing atmosphere of the de-
mocracies, the endless repetition of abu-
sive attacks has a devastating effect. Indeed,
it is net too much to say that there are few
people who, having become the target for
Communist attacks, did not eventually
either lose heart or become suspect them-
selves to world public opinion," the Senate
Judiciary Committee report says.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WALLACE F. BENNETT
OF UTAH
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the Appendix of the RECORD an editorial
entitled "Economic Hashish," published
in the Wall Street Journal of May 15,
1961.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the REC-
ORD, as follows:
ECONOMIC HASHISH
Sometimes the statistical theorizings of
economists get so involved they're funny.
But when the economic policies of the U.S.
Government come to be based on woozy
theories, the thing ceases to be a joke.
We have in mind the President's Council
of Economic Advisers, which has pro-
pounded an elaborate theory of an "output
gap" between the economy potential and its
actual performance. The theory, described
on this page recently by Mr. Otten, is a mas-
terpiece of algebraic triple talk. It is de-
signed to prove a gap, reckoned at $40 billion
at the end of last year, and so it does-as-
suming all its assumptions and mathematics.
Having "demonstrated" the gap, the
Council logically concludes that the country
faces not only temporary economic prob-
lems like the recession now evaporating, but
a persistent slack in production and em-
ployment, a slowdown in our rate of growth.
We have, it seems, a problem of chronic
slack in the economy-the growing gap be-
tween what we can produce and what we
do produce. Especially since 1955, we learn,
the gap has shown a distressing upward
trend.
If this were all just idle chatter, no one
would particularly mind. But this great
and growing output gap naturally becomes
part of the justification for the Federal Gov-
ernment to fill it-with the tremendous new
domestic spending the administration has
already embarked on and with the even
more massive public-works spending it has
in mind. And since the slack is persistent
and chronic, the Government has an excuse
for trying to take it up indefinitely,
Fortunately the United States still has re-
spected economists who can recognize eco-
nomic hashish when they smell it. One
such is Columbia Prof. Arthur Burns, him-
self a former chairman of the Council of
Economic Advisers. Mildly but nonetheless
devastatingly Dr. Burns has taken apart the
gap his successors have so painfully con-
structed out of thin air.
Among other things, Dr. Burns shows that
the Council is not relying on sound, far-
reaching historical evidence in projecting its
output gap. It rests Its case importantly on
the fact that unemployment at the business
cycle peak in 1960 was slightly higher than
at the business cycle peak in 1957. The Co-
lumbia economist suggests that this "gives
fragile support" to the theory that "the gap
between actual and potential output has a
distressing upward trend."
Moreover, Professor Burns quietly notes
that It matters a good deal at what period
you start drawing a curve of potential out-
put. The Council chose mid-1955, for no
more valid reason than it could have chosen
the second quarter of 1957 or the second
quarter of 1947-all periods of high employ-
ment. If the Council economists had
chosen 1957, their awn reckonings would
show a gap of only $20 billion instead of
$40 billion.
And, Dr. Burns goes on, "if the curve had
been started in the second quarter of 1947,
when we likewise had a full-employment
output, the gap would have vanished. In
fact, we would then have to say that actual
output in 1960 exceeded potential output by
more than $2 billion."
We hope the Council has the grace to say
"touche" to that.
But perhaps the most significant part of
the Burns analysis is not in exposing the
Council's statistical juggling to prove the
point it wanted to prove. There is also the
attitude behind such "output gap" theoriz-
ing. It is reminiscent of the dominant eco-
nomic thinking of the thirties, which was
that the U.S. economy had become stagnant
or mature and therefore required increas-
ingly heavy Federal spending to keep it
going.
That theory was proved resoundingly false
by events, but here it is again in different
form, once again an alibi for massive Fed-
eral intervention. The urge to control the
private economy never dies.
Not many of us are trained in the intrica-
cies of economic theory, but it takes only
commonsense to see through the Council's
unamusing fun and games. We hope the
President and Congress are not bemused by
the latter-day stagnation theorists. Other-
wise some of these people may at last suc-
ceed in bringing about Government-man-
aged economic stagnation.
Castro Shows True Color
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, our
attention has been naturally concen-
trated on the reoccurring problems with
the Soviet stooge, Castro, in Cuba. On
many occasions I have directed the at-
tention of the Members to the grass-
roots thinking of the American public
as expressed in our local newspapers
throughout the country. One of the out-
standing weekly newspapers in my dis-
trict, the Park Forest Reporter, on
Wednesday, May 3, presented an edi-
torial entitled, "Castro Shows True Col-
or." It is truly "Main Street, America"
thinking and worthy of our serious
study.
CASTRO SHOWS TRUE COLOR
Our hemisphere neighbor, Cuba, officially
turned Red this week. Fidel Castro took
advantage of the May Day celebration to
announce that his nation has gone Socialist.
Whatever the name, it's merely a syn-
onym for communism. Cuba is now another
link in the orbit of Soviet satellites. Some
of the weak and misinformed still say, "so
what"?
The announced status of this Nation only
90 miles from our shores can have tre-
mendous repercussions in this Western
Hemisphere.
Other Latin American countries are vul-
nerable to the same type of revolutions
which brought Castro to power. In the eyes
of their poor and ignorant, which comprise
the masses of these backward nations, Fidel
has become a Spanish speaking hero. His
denunciations of the United States are not
beamed for our ears, mainly for theirs.
His boasts give this uneasy populace cour-
age. The taunts that he has held the mighty
Yanquis at bay, are echoed through the hills
of the Andes and across the broad expanse
of Central and South American lands.
Beyond any doubt, his presence is a serious
handicap to the future peace of our hemi-
sphere. By outlawing elections, which al-
though meaningless are even held in Russia,
he is carving an ignoble niche for himself
among the political tyrants of all time.
Fidel's actions bear even greater scrutiny
now. Our administration's attention to this
problem and its aftereffects is certainly war-
ranted at this time.
Expert Offers Moon in 2%2 Years-The
Development of a Superrocket
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WALLACE F. BENNETT
OF UTAH
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, the
U.S. defense program received a big shot
in the arm early this year when the first
Minuteman missile achieved complete
operational success on its first firing at
Cape Canaveral. This marked the first
time in history that a missile had per-
formed perfectly on its maiden flight.
Another historical first might be
achieved for the United States if the ad-
ministration takes action on the recom-
mendations of Dr. Harold Ritchey, vice
president of the Thiokol Chemical Corp.
which produces the first stage of the
Minuteman. Dr. Ritchey recently ap-
peared before the House Science and As-
tronautics Committee and testified that
if Congress would provide the necessary
funds, the United States could have a
man on the moon within 21/2 years. This
feat would be accomplished by cluster-
ing a number of solid-fuel rockets pro-
duced by the Thiokol Co., and which, ac-
cording to Dr. Ritchey, are capable of
developing up to 21 million pounds of
thrust sufficient to power manned flights
to the moon, or to other planets and re-
turn.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX May 1,8
Mr. President, I have urged the ad-
ministration to approve plans.for devel-
opment of this superrocket proposed by
the Thiokol Chemical Corp. This con-
cept apparently offers our best chance
to overtake the Russians in the field of
manned space flights, and can be ac-
complished at far less cost than several
alternative plans. I sincerely hope that
the administration will not delay in mak-
ing a decision on this important matter
because the United States has the know-
how and capability to surpass the Rus-
sians in the development and use of
outer space if we do not let this oppor-
tunity slip from our grasp.
Mr. Cliff Thompson, reporter on de-
fense matters, had an excellent story
in.the April 16, 1961, issue of the Ogden
Standard Examiner, which presents a
concise review of the Thiokol proposal
and an analysis of other space projects
presently under development by NASA.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent
to have printed in the Appendix of the
RECORD, the article by Mr. Thompson.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
DRASTIC OVERHAUL NEEDED-EXPERT OFFERS
MOON IN 21/2 YEARS
(By Cliff Thompson)
There is a serious doubt in the mind of at
least one of the Nation's rocket experts that
the United States can overtake the Russians
in space with its present program.
He is Dr. Harold W. Ritchey, Thiokol
Chemical Corp. vice president, who has pro-
posed a development program he says will
give the United States rocket power to dupli-
cate the Russian man-in-orbit feat within
9 months and put an American on the moon
in 21/f2 years.
His program calls for a drastic overhaul
and redirection of the present U.S. program
for space travel. and exploration. And it,
naturally, is based on the use of solid fuel
Thiokol used so successfully in the Minute-
man program.
The spectacular success of the Minute-
man missile earlier this year gives added
weight to the Thiokol proposals. Thiokol
engineering and production staffs produced
the large first stage of the Minuteman, the
largest solid propellant booster flight tested
to date.
CHALKED 'UP "FIRST"
it was the first missile to perform perfectly
on its maiden flight and also marked the first
time all stages of a multistage rocket were
used in an initial flight test.
Dr. Ritchey outlined details of his pro-
posals to this reporter during an interview
in the Thiokol Rocket Operations Center
here from which he directs the firm's vast
research program.
He began with a briefing on the current
U.S. space program which he said "is not
designed to do what we have to do to catch
the Russians."
"We have developed the technology to leap-
frog the Russians in space but we are not
using it," Dr. Ritchey said. "If we started
right now using all our scientific potential,
the United States-Russian race to the moon
would be extremely close." If the United
States continues its present program, he ex-
pects the Russians to beat us to the moon
by 4 or 5 years.
The U.S. space timetable has an American
scheduled to arrive on the moon in 1970. Dr.
Ritchey expects the Russians to have a man
there before 19615.
FIRST TO MOON
And he believes the first nation to the
moon probably: never would beovertaken in
the race deeper and deeper into the outer
regions of the universe.
Dr. Ritchey says the big U.S. effort must
be made in the first, or booster, stage if we
are to catch the Soviets.
The first, or booster, stage along with two
or three additional stages would put a vehicle
into orbit or into escape velocity. In the
manned space vehicle, the stages above the
booster would be used to maneuver the ve-
hicle in space and return it to earth.
In previous space shots, all stages have
been used to put a payload into orbit, pri-
marily because of the lack of a booster that
can develop sufficient thrust to lift the neces-
sary loads.
Most space authorities agree the United
States is ahead of Russia in most space fields
except the large boosters necessary to lift
large boosters necessary to lift large payloads
into orbit or escape velocity. "`Possibly we
also lag in our knowledge of how to keep men
alive for extended periods in space," Dr.
Ritchey said.
LARGE BOOSTERS
The Russian superiority in large boosters
can be traced to the different approach the
two nations took in overcoming the first big
problem encountered in their Initial space
programs.
When the United States and Russia began
space-missile programs at the end of the
World War II, the payloads developed were
too large for the rockets they were then
capable of producing.
The United States refined its payloads to
a size compatable with its rocket power. The
Russians concentrated on building rockets
powerful enough for the big payloads.
To offset the Russian lead in rocket power,
the United States needs a dramatic break-
througll in its big booster program-both in
size of the booster and the time it takes
to-get it ready for use.
Thiokol has four proposals to provide these
big boosters.
The first and simplest is the one Dr.
Ritchey says would give the United States
the rocket power to surpass last week's Rus-
sian space flight.
CLUSTER OF SEVEN
By clustering seven slightly modified ver-
sions of the Minuteman, Dr. Ritchey says,
the United States would have a booster
capable of putting 25,000 pounds into orbit.
This Is about twice the size of the Russian
payload.
Dr. Richey said Thiokol can develop this
propulsion system in 9 months. He estimates
Its cost at about $11/2 million per copy in pro-
duction quantities.
Thiokol also proposes using the Minute-
man principle to produce larger rockets that
could be clustered in sevens to develop 21
million pounds of thrust. This system could
put 300,000 pounds into orbit or 120,000
pounds into the velocity needed to send a
man to the Moon.
Dr. Ritchey reports this booster can be
ready for test firing in 18 months and for
actual manned space flight within 30
months. The intervening 12 months, he
said, would be used in working on the
booster and In development of the rest of
the vehicle. It is possible the 12-month pe-
riod could be reduced.
PROPULSION PROBLEMS
The other Thiokol proposals are for dif-
ferent sized rocket boosters using the Min-
uteman principle.
Of course I am talking only about the
propulsion problems," Dr. Ritchey said.
"There are others."
Primarily these Involve the development
of the vehicle and guidance controls ' that
would take a man into space and back in-
cluding the protection needed to keep a
man alive in space for extended periods of
time.
The producer of the propulsion system
and the space vehicle would have to work
together closely.
The Ut.lied States is currently pinning its
hopes for space travel on three programs:
The first American is expected to go into
space sometime this year powered by a Red-
stone roc'cet. This plan calls for sending an
astronaut some 100 miles or so into the air
and back--not put him into orbit.
LIQUID FUE1'.
The Saturn, a cluster of eight liquid fuel
rockets, is expected to be ready in about 3
years. In power and objective this booster
compares to the rocket Thiokol says it can
develop in 9 months.
The F-I rocket, a single engine that would
develop 11/2 million pounds of thrust, ex-
pected to take 6 years to develop and test.
The F-1 timetable has been delayed, how-
ever, because of severe technological prob-
lems.
The Nova project in which Dr. Werner Von
Braun proposes to cluster four F-1 rockets
to produce 6 million pounds of thrust. This
project has not been funded and is con-
sidered too expensive to begin until after
1965.
National. Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration officials are basing their hopes for
space travel primarily on the Saturn pro-
gram.
ASSEMBLY IN SPACE
Dr. Von Braun proposes using six Saturn
launchings to send equipment and fuel into
orbit from which a space vehicle would be
assemblec!. for further travel.
Rocket authorities say this plan has, two
significant drawbacks-time and cost.
It would cost about $120 million just to
build the six first stage booster rockets nec-
essary to send an unassembled spaceship
into orbit with the Saturn. Cost of the
Thiokol proposal to develop one super rocket
capable of sending a vehicle into escape ve-
locity from earth is estimated at $12 million.
And rocket experts say the problems of
assembling a ship while its pieces are float-
ing around in space would be tremendous.
The John Birch Society-2
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT
OF CALIFORN:CA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
:Thursday, May 13, 1961
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I
have had printed in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD for today three articles of a
series of five relative to the John Birch
Society which have appeared in the
Daily Ncws, a widely circulated news-
paper in the area of Whittier, Calif. My
district includes this area. The articles
are commendable for their objectivity.
Under unanimous consent I include the
remaining articles of the series in the
Appendix of the RECORD:
[From the Whittier (Calif.) Daily News,
May 2, 19611
-
SOME RELUCTANT To BE ANTI-COMMUNIST
(This is the fourth article of a five-part
series on the John Birch Society written by
Joseph Sullivan, V. C. RaLmler, and Rave
King, Whittier chapter leaders; Joseph Coff-
man and Augustine Cervantes, La Habra and
South Whittier chapter leaders respective-
ly.-EDITOR.)
Some democratic Americans have - been
trying to convince themselves "that there is
something reprehensible in being a sys-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 18
-* Mr. President, I have urged the ad-
ministration to approve plans for devel-
opment of this superrocket proposed by
the Thiokol Chemical Corp. This con-
cept apparently offers our best chance
to overtake the Russians in the field of
manned space flights, and can be ac-
complished at far less cost than several
alternative plans. I sincerely hope that
the administration will not delay in mak-
ing a decision on this important matter
because the United States has the know-
how and capability to surpass the Rus-
sians in the development and use of
outer space if we do not let this oppor-
tunity slip from our grasp.
Mr. Cliff Tholiipson, reporter on de-
fense matters, had an excellent story
in the April 16, 1961, issue of the Ogden
Standard Examiner, which presents a
concise review of the Thiokol proposal
and an analysis of other space projects
presently under development by NASA.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent
to have printed in the Appendix of the
RECORD, the article by Mr. Thompson.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
DRASTIC OVERHAUL NEEDED-EXPERT OFFERS
MOON IN 21/a YEARS
(By Cliff Thompson)
There is a serious doubt in the mind of at
least one of the Nation's rocket experts that
the United States can overtake the Russians
in space with its present program.
He is Dr. Harold W. Ritchey, Thiokol
Chemical Corp. vice president, who has pro-
posed a development program he says will
give the United States rocket power to dupli-
cate the Russian man-in-orbit feat within
9 months and put an American on the moon
in 21/2 years.
His program calls for a drastic overhaul
and redirection of the present U.S. program
for space travel and exploration. And it,
naturally, is based on the use of solid fuel
Thiokol used so successfully in the Minute-
man program.
The spectacular success of the Minute-
man missile earlier this year gives added
weight to the Thiokol proposals. Thiokol
engineering and production staffs produced
the large first stage of the Minuteman, the
largest solid propellant booster flight tested
to date.
CHALKED UP "FIRST"
It was the first missile to perform perfectly
on its maiden flight and also marked the first
time all stages of a multistage rocket were
used in an initial flight test.
Dr. Ritchey outlined details of his pro-
posals to this reporter during an interview
in the Thiokol Rocket Operations Center
here from which he directs the firm's vast
research program.
Be began with a briefing on the current
U.S. space program which he said "is not
designed to do what we have to do to catch
the Russians."
"We have developed the technology to leap-
frog the Russians in space but we are not
using it," Dr. Ritchey said. "If we started
right now using all our scientific potential,
the United States-Russian race to the moon
would be extremely close." If the United
States continues its present program, he ex-
pects the Russians to beat us to the moon
by 4 or 5 years.
The U.S. space timetable has an American
scheduled to arrive on the moon in 1970. Dr.
Ritchey expects the Russians to have a man
there before 1965.
FIRST TO MOON
And he believes the first nation to the
moon probably never would be overtaken in
the race deeper and deeper into the outer
regions of the universe.
Dr. Ritchey says the big U.S. effort must
be made in the first, or booster, stage if we
are to catch the Soviets.
The first, or booster, stage along with two
or three additional stages would put a vehicle
into orbit or into escape velocity. In the
manned space vehicle, the stages above the
booster would be used to maneuver the ve-
hicle in space and return it to earth.
In previous space shots, all stages have
been used to put a payload into orbit, pri-
marily because of the lack of a booster that
can develop sufficient thrust to lift the neces-
sary loads.
Most space authorities agree the United
States is ahead of Russia in most space fields
except the large boosters necessary to lift
large boosters necessary to lift large payloads
into orbit or escape velocity. "Possibly we
also lag in our knowledge of how to keep men
alive for extended periods in space," Dr.
Ritchey said.
LARGE BOOSTERS
The Russian superiority in large boosters
can be traced to the different approach the
two nations took in overcoming the first big
problem encountered in their initial space
programs.
When the United States and Russia began
space-missile programs at the end of the
World War II, the payloads developed were
too large for the rockets they were then
capable of producing.
The United States refined its payloads to
a size compatable with its rocket power. The
Russians concentrated on building rockets
powerful enough for the big payloads.
To offset the Russian lead in rocket power,
the United States needs a dramatic break-
through in its big booster program-both in
size of the booster and the time it takes
to get it ready for use.
Thiokol has four proposals to provide these
big boosters.
The first and simplest is the one Dr.
Ritchey says would give the United States
the rocket power to surpass last week's Rus-
sian space flight.
CLUSTER OF SEVEN
By clustering seven slightly modified ver-
sions of the Minuteman, Dr. Ritchey says,
the United States would have a booster
capable of putting 25,000 pounds into orbit.
This is about twice the size of the Russian
payload.
Dr. Richey said Thiokol can develop this
propulsion system in 9 months. He estimates
its cost at about $11/2 million per copy in pro-
duction quantities.
Thiokol also proposes using the Minute-
man principle to produce larger rockets that
could be clustered in sevens to develop 21
million pounds of thrust. This system could
put 300,000 pounds into orbit or 120,000
pounds into the velocity needed to send a
man to the Moon.
Dr. Ritchey reports this booster can be
ready for test firing in 18 months and for
actual manned space flight within 30
months. The intervening 12 months, he
said, would be used in working on the
booster and in development of the rest of
the vehicle. It is possible the 12-month pe-
riod could be reduced.
PROPULSION PROBLEMS
The other Thiokol proposals are for dif-
ferent sized rocket boosters using the Min-
uteman principle.
"Of course I am talking only about the
propulsion problems," Dr. Ritchey said.
"There are others."
Primarily these involve the development
of the vehicle and guidance controls that
would take a man into space and back in-
cluding the protection needed to keep a
man alive in space for extended periods of
time.
The producer of the propulsion. system
and the space vehicle would have to work
together closely.
The United States is currently pinning its
hopes for space travel on three programs:
The first American is expected to go into
space sometime this year powered by a Red-
stone rocket. This plan calls for sending an
astronaut some 100 miles or so into the air
and back-not put him into orbit.
LIQUID FUEL
The Saturn, a cluster of eight liquid fuel
rockets, is expected to be ready in about 3
years. In power and objective this booster
compares to the rocket Thiokol says it can
develop in 9 months.
The F-1 rocket, a single engine that would
develop 11/2 million pounds of thrust, ex-
pected to take 6 years to develop and test.
The F-1, timetable has been delayed, how-
ever, because of severe technological prob-
lems.
The Nova project in which Dr. Werner Von
Braun proposes to cluster four F-1 rockets
to produce 6 million pounds of thrust. This
project has not been funded and is con-
sidered too expensive to begin until after
1965.
National Aeronautics and Space Adminis-
tration officials are basing their hopes for
space travel primarily on the Saturn pro-
gram.
ASSEMBLY IN SPACE
Dr. Von Braun proposes using six Saturn
launchings to send equipment and fuel into
orbit from which a space vehicle would be
assembled for further travel.
Rocket authorities say this plan has two
significant drawbacks-time and cost.
It would cost about $120 million just to
build the six first stage booster rockets nec-
essary to send an unassembled spaceship
into orbit with the Saturn. Cost of the
Thiokol proposal to develop one super rocket
capable of sending a vehicle into escape ve-
locity from earth is estimated at $12 million.
And rocket experts say the problems of
assembling a ship while its pieces are float-
ing arouijd in space would be tremendous.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, I
have had printed in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD for today three articles of a
series .of five relative to the John Birch
Society which have appeared in the
Daily News, a widely circulated news-
paper in the area of Whittier, Calif. My
district includes this area. The articles
are commendable for their objectivity.
Under unanimous consent I include the
remaining articles of the series in the
Appendix of the RECORD:
[From the Whittier (Calif.) Daily News,
May 2, 19611
SOME RELUCTANT To BE ANTI-COMMUNIST
(This is the fourth article of a five-part
series on the John Birch Society written by
Joseph Sullivan, V. C. Ramler, and Rave
King, Whittier chapter leaders; Joseph Coff-
man and Augustine Cervantes, La Habra and
South Whittier chapter leaders respective-
ly.-EDITOR.)
Some democratic Americans have been
trying to convince themselves "that there is
something reprehensible in being a sys-
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1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A3511
ACCUSE OTHERS
"The apparatus of Moscow said that Leon
Blum was a police auxiliary and purveyor of
convicts, charges De Gaulle with having
worked for German intelligence, and Sous-
telle with being a Nazi spy; Syngman Rhee
with having sold his country to Japan
(charges to be :found in the Soviet Encyclo-
pedia or signed by leaders like Maurize
Thorez.)
"One of the worst infamies has just been
flung at Guy Mollet: he has been accused of
nothing less than having denounced people
interned with him to the Gestapo. Essen-
tially, these and similar attacks are fabrica-
tions from beginning to end; devoid of any
foundation and made in the full knowledge
that they constitute unmitigated lies.
"In the easygoing atmosphere of the de-
mocracies, the endless repetition of abu-
sive attacks has a devastating effect. Indeed,
it is not too much to say that there are few
people who, having become the target for
Communist attacks, dad not eventually
either lose heart or become suspect them-
selves to world public opinion," the Senate
Judiciary Committee report says.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. WALLACE F. BENNETT
OF UTAH
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the Appendix of the RECORD an editorial
entitled "Economic Hashish," published
in the Wall Street Journal of May 15,
1961.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the REC-
ORD, as follows:
ECONOMIC HASHISH
Sometimes the statistical theorizings of
economists get so involved they're funny.
But when the economic policies of the U.S.
Government come to be based on woozy
theories, the thing ceases to be a joke.
We have in mind the President's Council
of Economic Advisers, which has pro-
pounded an elaborate theory of an "output
gap" between the economy potential and its
actual performance. The theory, described
on this page recently by Mr. Otten, is a mas-
terpiece of algebraic triple talk. It is de-
signed to prove a gap, reckoned at $40 billion
at the end of last year, and so it does-as-
suming all its assumptions and mathematics.
Having "demonstrated" the gap, the
Council logically concludes that the country
faces not only temporary economic prob-
lems like the recession now evaporating, but
a persistent slack in production and em-
ployment, a slowdown in our rate of growth.
We have, it seems, a problem of chronic
slack in the economy-the growing gap be-
tween what we can produce and what we
do produce. Especially since 1955, we learn,
the gap has shown a distressing upward
trend.
If this were all just idle chatter, no one
would particularly mind. But this great
and growing output gap naturally becomes
part of the Justification for the Federal Gov-
ernment to fill it-with the tremendous new
domestic spending the administration has
already embarked on and with the even
more massive public-works spending it has
in mind. And since the slack is persistent
and chronic, the Government has an excuse
for trying to take it up indefinitely.
Fortunately the United States still has re-
spected economists who can recognize eco-
nomic hashish when they smell it. One
such is Columbia Prof. Arthur Burns, him-
self a former chairman of the Council of
Economic Advisers. Mildly but nonetheless
devastatingly Dr. Burns has taken apart the
gap his successors have so painfully con-
structed out of thin air.
Among other things, Dr. Burns shows that
the Council is not relying on sound, far-
reaching historical evidence in projecting its
output gap. It rests its case importantly on
the fact that unemployment at the business
cycle peak in 1960 was slightly higher than
at the business cycle peak in 1957. The Co-
lumbia economist suggests that this "gives
fragile support" to the theory that "the gap
between actual and potential output has a
distressing upward trend."
Moreover, Professor Burns quietly notes
that it matters a good deal at what period
you start drawing a curve of potential out-
put. The Council chose mid-1955, for no
more valid reason than it could have chosen
the second quarter of 1957 or the second
quarter of 1947-all periods of high employ-
ment. If the Council economists had
chosen 1957, their own reckonings would
show a gap of only $20 billion instead of
$40 billion.
And, Dr. Burns goes on, "if the curve had
been started in the second quarter of 1947,
when we likewise had a full-employment
output, the 'gap would have vanished. In
fact, we would then have to say that actual
output in 1960 exceeded potential output by
more than $2 billion."
We hope the Council has the grace to say
"touche" to that.
But perhaps the most significant part of
the Burns analysis is not in exposing the
Council's statistical juggling to prove the
point it wanted to prove. Thera is also the
attitude behind such "output gap" theoriz-
ing. It is reminiscent of the dominant eco-
nomic thinking of the thirties, which was
that tile U.S. economy had become stagnant
or mature and therefore required increas-
ingly heavy Federal spending to keep it
going.
That theory was proved resoundingly false
by events, but here it is again in different
form, once again an alibi for massive Fed-
eral Intervention. The urge to control the
private economy never dies.
Not many of us are trained in the intrica-
cies of economic theory, but it takes only
commonsense to see through the Council's
unamusing fun and games. We hope the
President and Congress are not bemused by
the latter-day stagnation theorists. Other-
wise some of these people may at last suc-
ceed in bringing about Government-man-
aged economic stagnation.
Castro Shows True Color
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, our
attention has been naturally concen-
trated on the reoccurring problems with
the Soviet stooge, Castro, in Cuba. On
many occasions. I have directed the at-
tention of the Members to the grass-
roots thinking of the American public
as expressed in our local newspapers
throughout the country. One of the Out-
standing weekly newspapers In my dis-
trict, the Park Forest Reporter, on
Wednesday, May 3, presented an edi- ,
tonal entitled, "Castro 'Shows True Col-
or." It 'Is truly "Main Street, America"
thinking and worthy of our serious
study.
C!ASTRO SHOWS TRUE COLOR
Our hemisphere neighbor, Cuba, officially
turned Red this week. Pidel Castro took
advantage of the May Day celebration to
announce that his nation has gone Socialist.
Whate77er the name, it's merely a syn-
onym for communism. Cuba is now another
link in the orbit of Soviet satellites. Some
of the weak and misinformed still say, "so
what"?
The announced status of this Nation only
90 miles from our shores can have tre-
mendous repercussions in this Western
Hemisphere.
Other Latin American countries are vul-
nerable to the same type of revolutions
which brought Castro to power. In the eyes
of their poor and ignorant, which comprise
the masses of these backward nations, Fidel
has become a Spanish speaking hero. His
denunciations of the United States are not
beamed for our ears, mainly for theirs.
His boasts give this uneasy populace cour-
age. The taunts that he has held the mighty
Yanquis at bay, are echoed through the hills
of the Andes and across the broad expanse
of Central and South American lands,,
Beyond any doubt, his presence is a serious
handicap to the future peace of our hemi-
sphere. By outlawing elections, which al-
though meaningless are even held in Russia,
he 1s carving an ignoble niche for himself
among the political tyrants of all time.
Fidel's actions bear even greater scrutiny
now. Our administration's attention to this
problem and its aftereffects Is certainly war-
ranted at this time.
Expert Offers Moon in 2!/2 Years--The
Development of a Superrocket
E1i:'F.ENSION OF REMARKS
Or
HON. 'WALLACE F. BENNETT
OF UTAH
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, May :t8, 1961
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, the
U.S. defense program received a big shot
in the arm early this year when the first
Minuteman missile achieved complete
operational success on its first firing at
Cape Canaveral. This marked the first
time in history that a missile had per-
formed perfectly on its maiden flight.
Another historical first might be
achieved, for the United States if the ad-
ministration takes action on the recom-
mendations of Dr. Harold Ritchey, vice
president of the Thiokol Chemical Corp.
which produces the first stage of the
Minuteman. Dr. Ritchey recently ap-
peared before the House Science and As-
tronautics Committee and testified that
if Congress would provide the necessary
funds, the United States could have a
man on ',he Moon within 2 r/2 years. This
feat would be accomplished by cluster-
ing a number of solid-fuel rockets pro-
duced by the Thiokol Co., and which, ac-
cording to Dr. Ritchey, are capable of
develgping up to 21 million pounds of
thrust sufficient to power manned flights
to the moon, or to other planets and re-
turn.
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(;lpprove F0o?&I, gf0RJ /lkQ 86& fD N0D3I4~6~R000200110008-4 A3513
matic anti-Communist, according to a re-
tort of the Senate Committee on the
Judiciary.
Quoting from the report, made relative to
the administration of the Internal Security
Act and other internal security laws, the
following is learned:
"The struggle against convinced anti-
Communists proceeds from simple premises.
The effectiveness of this struggle is due to
the fact that it goes on relentlessly and in
practically every key. The struggle is
marked by the use of a vocabulary including
such terms of abuse as "rightist," "Fascist,"
"negative elements," "dim wit," "police in-
former," "systematic anti-Communists."
This last expletive is the highest form of
abuse. And yet quite a few democratic
Americans have been trying to convince
themselves that there is something repre-
hensible in being a systematic anti-Commu-
nist, forgetting that they take pride in being
systematically anti-Fascists.
What's more, they see nothing incongru-
ous in the Communists being systematically
antidemocratic. And it is difficult to see
how a systematic evil can be fought in any
other way than by systematic opposition.
This simple truth has not'been lost on the
Communists. Indeed, one of the main tasks
of Communist propaganda is to maintain an
atmosphere of constant denigration and
criticism of consistent anticommunism.
UNHEARD OF SITUATION
"The success achieved by the Communists
in this particular field has been such that
a truly unheard-of situation has come about
in the Western world, in which anticom-
munism is often regarded as a greater evil
than communism. When one of the parties
in a relentless and merciless struggle dis-
covers that it is considered bad form to fight
back with the same weapons, it goes without
.saying that their opponents have scored a
major victory in the battle of propaganda
which aims at nothing less than the intel-
lectual intimidation of those opponents.
Such intimidation, moreover, thrives on
its own effects. So far as serious and en-
lightened circles keep silent, they leave stig-
maticizing communism to reactionary ex-
tremists alone; the contention anticommu-
nism equals reaction thus seem confirmed;
and serious and enlightened circles keep
more silent than ever. McCarthy cast such
discredit on exposing cryptocommunism
that it is now no longer possible to accuse
some body of it without being called a
witch hunter. Yet it is quite sure that
cryptocommunism did not disappear by
magic with McCarthy.
THEY MURDER THEM
When intimidation does not succeed in
crushing the counterpropaganda of some
particularly prominent anti-Communist, the
Soviets do not shrink from crime to silence
their voices. They murder them (Trotsky,
lfrivitsky, Nin, etc.) or kidnap them
(Trushnovitch).
This is the first time the Communists
have been brazen enough to publicly take on
more than 50,000 dedicated, informed and
deadly serious constitutional Americans.
They can't slander, intimidate, kidnap or
murder us all. This they must do to suc-
ceed.
By now in this article most readers can
pretty well recognize that the John Birch
Society is neither Fascist, Nazi or anti any-
thing except anti-Communist. The organi-
zation while not of democratic form (for
security reasons) is dedicated to the mainte-
nance of a constitutional' republican form
of government in the United States for-
ever. The society doesn't want to overthrow
anybody except Communists and at the same
time the society doesn't like to be labeled
as conspirators because it is anti-Commu-
nist.
We are perfectly willing to be Investigated
by any American committee and we ask all
good citizens to withhold judgment until
the verdict is in. We still believe in the
jury system, which is more than can be
said for Russia or the satellite countries.
[From the Whittier (Calif.) Daily News,
May 2, 29611
HERE'S A TYPICAL MEETING OF CHAPTER
(Last article of a five-part series on the John
Birch Society)
A typical meeting of a chapter in the John
Birch Society is run by the chapter leader,
usually on Roberts' Rules of Order. The
meeting is always opened by the pledge of
allegiance and a simple nonsectarian prayer.
A verbal report is then taken from each
member if he has one to offer. There is no
pressure put on any member to perform any
of the society's activities.
The monthly bulletin is then discussed.
This bulletin is distributed from the na-
tional home office in Belmont, Mass., and
is prepared by the group's founder, Robert
Welch. The bulletin contains suggested ac-
tivities such as new books, reports, or pam-
phlets to be read, letters to write and ac-
tivities to perform such as checking on pub-
lic libraries to determine whether or not
pro-American and anti-Communist books
are available to the public.
It is usual to have open discussion on
topics of the day and to compare notes on
experiences. Sometimes a motion picture,
still slide pictures or tapes will be shown
or played depicting or lecturing on Com-
munist activities to which we should be
alerted.
A FOOL OR A COMMUNIST
Only a fool or a Communist will deny that
some people in every community are actively
engaged in forming peace movements, urg-
ing disarmament, protesting loyalty oaths
and the existence of Government investigat-
ing agencies. They are also in the churches
shouting brotherly love and love for God,
yet protest to the schools, the nativity scene
on Christmas, saying grace at meals, and
prohibit showing "Operation Abolition" ? in
the church.
Now the John Birch Society doesn't call
them Communists but society members do
make it a point to see to it that these peo-
ple don't have a free hand in running our
community. Where good American princi-
ples require, we effectively oppose these
activities. It should be recognized that
where liberal groups organize for pressure
tactics that conservatives have only one al-
ternative and that Is to react and if neces-
sary to resist. These things work two ways.
FOR THE DUBIOUS
For those who may still be dubious and
state that they are unconvinced that an or-
ganization like the John Birch Society is
necessary, it should be pointed out that
there are a number of good reports and
books available which will convince even
the most skeptical of individuals.
These are all well documented. They are:
1. "The Blue Book of the John Birch
Society."
2. "The Naked Communist," Cleon Skou-
sen..
3. "Masters of Deceit," J. Edgar Hoover.
4. "The Enemy at His Back," Elizabeth
Churchill Brown.
5. "You Can Trust the Communists," Dr.
Fred Schwartz.
6. "Retreat From Victory," Senator Joseph
McCarthy.
7. "Nine Men Against America," Rosalie
M. Gordon.
8. "Guide to Subversive Organizations
and Publications," House Document 226, 85th
Congress, 1st session.
9. "Report on the Southern California
District of the Communist Party, Strue-
ture-Objectives-Leadership," House Report
No. 259, 86th Congress, 1st session.
10. "Communist Illusion and Democratic
Reality," J. Edgar Hoover, Federal Bureau
of Investigation, Washington 25, D.C.
11. "Crusade Against Governmental In-
vestigating Agencies," Institute for Special
Research, Post Office Box 2022 D, Pasadena,
Calif.
12. "The Left Swing in Education," Insti-
tute for Special Research, Post Office Box
2022 D, Pasadena, Calif.
Abraham Lincoln said, "You can fool all
the people some of the time and you can
fool some of the people all the time but you
can't fool all the people all the time." The
Communists are spending in excess of $2
billion a year to prove Abraham Lincoln
wrong. It was a mighty shock to them to
find that you can't fool a member of the
John Birch Society any of the time. They
are too well informed, a fact for which the
American people should give thanks.
A Revised Democraty for United States-
Need for Quick Action in Cold War
Called Basis for Central Control Trend
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES E. BROMWELL
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. BROMWELL. Mr. Speaker, on
March 16 of this year the Washington
Evening Star published an ominous edi-
torial article by Mr. Constantine Brown.
Since the date of that publication I
have observed with increasing apprehen-
sion a course of events which support
the thesis which is stated. This course
of events is summarized in substance in
the extension of remarks of Congress-
man BRUCE ALGER, which appeared on
page A3441 of the CONGRESSIONAL REC-
ORD for May 16, 1961. All Americans
who love freedom should pause to con-
sider this matter, and consider it well.
I now submit the editorial to which I
have referred.
A REVISED DEMOCRACY FOR UNITED STATES-
NEED FOR QUICK ACTION IN COLD WAR
CALLED BASIS FOR CENTRAL CONTROL TREND
(By Constantine Brown)
Democracies tailored after the old pattern
no longer can stand the impact of social,
economic and political changes wrought by
two devastating world wars and an even
more damaging cold war created by interna-
tional communism. In the new world in
which we are going to live henceforth, so
contend some of the top "New Frontiersmen"
of the present administration, a corrected
form of democracy is needed: It must take
the shape of a highly centralized govern-
ment which can deal quickly with all prob-
lems, domestic and international, without
waiting for the ponderous parliamentary
machinery to debate and decide what is to
be dope.
In other words, the basic political think-
ing of the leaders of the new administration
is to strive to convert our present form of
government into what has been known for
some time on other continents as managed
democracy. The basic civil rights of the
individual are left intact. The responsibility
for their well-being, however, is placed in the
hands of a highly centralized government
with one man holding the power of decision :
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX
a modern version of the famous slogan of
the French King Louis XIV, "I am the state."
The Intellectual explanation for this ef-
fort to change surreptitiously or overtly from
the old-fashioned and time-tried American
system of, government is being explained in
the following manner. The basic parlia-
mentary form of government cannot protect
the peoples of this country in the face, of
the ruthless and powerful form of dictator-
ship which has been established in the Soviet
Union and Communist China. The conse-
quences of the cold war have demonstrated
this axiomatically. Hence, to cope with the
new order in the world, a number of western
leaders are concentrating all powers into
their own hands as the most effective means
of meeting the Red global drive.
The spectacular success of Gen. Charles
de Gaulle, who has changed the face of
France in less than 3 years and transformed
that nearly bankrupt nation into one of the
most powerful in the Western World, seems
to have inspired to a certain extent the
thinking of the high priests of our New
Frontier theory.
There is, however, a fundamental differ-
ence between the modern French chanti-
cleer and President Kennedy. The 70-year-
old general-statesman is the actual voice of
France. He has been elected to guide the
destinies of La Patrie by an overwhelming
vote of confidence of more than two-thirds
of his fellow citizens. The Individualistic
French have indorsed his ideas of managed
democracy with the result that the tradi-
tionally powerful French parliamentary sys-
tem is reduced to a rubber stamp.
Mr. Kennedy was elected with a flimsy ma-
jority of a little over 100,000 votes out of
67 million ballots cast last November. His
thinking fully harmonizes with the 10 or 12
advisers in the White House who have been
dubbed "the apostles." He is Chief Execu-
tive in the full meaning of the words in as
far as the people of this country are con-
cerned, and provides a much-needed dyna-
mism which has been so lacking in the
Eisenhower administration. His philosophy
is not his own, however. His political evo-
lution is the result of the inspiration he has
derived from the thinking of the theoreti-
cians and the professors who have been ad-
vising him in the past and are now surround-
Ing him in the White House. The thinking
of "the apostles" is contained in books,
magazine articles, speeches and lectures
written over the last 10 years. They all
have the same common. denominator: wel-
fare state at home and preparing the path
for "one world."
Automation, the dramatic stride in
science, and "population explosion," it is
argued by the advocates of the welfare state,
make our past way of life and free enter-
prise obsolescent. To give the masses en-
joyment in the new way of life the Govern-
ment must step in by regulating, planning,
and assisting the peoples. In international
endeavors the United States, which has as-
sumed voluntarily the leadership of the
free world, must abandon gradually its past
policies of resisting with force or "contain-
ing" international communism. It must
leave no stone unturned to bring about a
relaxation of tension with the Red tyranny
and spare no effort to achieve coexistence
lest "80 million Americans" lose their lives
in a nuclear conflict.
This is a firm and one may say immut-
able conviction on the part of "the apostles"
and is being shared fully by the dynamic
Chief Executive himself. Henceforth we
must expect all initiative, all decisions and
all policies to stem from the White House
alone
Import Competition and American
Business
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CARROLL D. KEARNS
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 18, 1961
Mr. KEARNS. Mr. Speaker, I have
had made a major study of the effects of
imports and exports on employment of
American workers. I have submitted it
to the Subcommittee on the Impact of
Imports and Exports on American Em-
ployment of the House Education and
Labor Committee.
I am ranking minority member of the
subcommittee.
The chairman of the subcommittee,
Congressman JOHN H. DENT, considered
this study so important that he has made
copies of the study available to each
member of the subcommittee which he
heads.
It is being used as the basic tract of
the subcommittee at this point in its own
work.
The study was made by Dr. Howard
Piquet, senior specialist in international
economics of the Legislative Reference
Service of the Library of Congress.
Dr. Piquet is well-known, and is highly
thought of by Members of the Congress.
I include as part of my remarks an
excerpt from this study:
IMPORT COMPETITION AND SMALL BUSINESS
(By Dr. Howard S. Piquet)
There is no question about the potential
advantages of free trade from the point of
view of "pure economics." If trade were
free everywhere and if each country were
to specialize in producing the goods in which
it has the greatest comparative advantage,
relative to other countries, productivity
everywhere would be greater and economic
resources would be utilized more effectively
than they now are.
If all the goods that can be produced in
a country are listed in order of descending
comparative advantage the products heading
the list in each instance would be those that
are exported. These are the products that
can be produced most efficiently relative to
other countries. In the United States, where
land and other natural resources are rela-
tively abundant but where labor, normally,
is relatively scarce, the list would be headed
by such mass-produced goods as office ma-
chinery, many kinds of industrial equipment,
certain types of electrical machinery, road-
building and other construction equipment,
automobiles, and agricultural machinery.
At the lower end of the list would be a
relatively small number of products requir-
ing considerable labor to produce, such as:
china tableware, hand-blown glassware, cer-
tain electronic products, and hardwood ply-
wood. Somewhere between the two extremes
would be goods in the production of which
comparative advantage is less clear, such as
certain wood and paper products.
The advantage of the United States lies
largely in the production of goods that can
be produced in quantity by automatic, or
near-automatic, machinery. Such goods are
produced under the principle of decreasing
unit cost and require large fixed overhead.
May "18
These an, theindustries in which large size%
is an advantage.
The lines of production in which the
United States is at a comparative disadvan- -
tage are those usually characterized as small
business, many of which involve a high pro-
portion of labor cost. These are the indus-
tries that are most hard pressed by import
competition.
Around the turn of the 20th century Mr.
H. O. HG,vemeyer, the sugar magnate, said:
"The tariff, is the mother of the trusts."
Whether or not the tariff then facilitated
monopoly, it certainly is not an important
factor in this respect today. At the present
time most large businesses, such as petroleum
and steel, are liberal trade minded. Their
operations are worldwide and they oppose
interference by government. The tariff has
become more significant as an instrument
for protecting small business.
There can be little doubt that, if the
United States were to adopt a thorough-going
policy of free trade, a number of small busi-
nesses would be hard hit. Certain marginal
firms, and in some cases entire industries,
would not be able to with;etand the result-
ing low.-cost foreign competition. This is
one of the troublesome farts that must be
faced regardless of one's theoretical convic-
tions regarding the desirability of freer inter-
national trade conducted along multilateral
lines. Removal of tariff protection and the
consequent stimulation of imports would
have the effect of accelerating the concen-
tration of industrial power in the United
States.
INDUSTRIES THAT HAVE AFI'LIED FOR RELIEF
UNDER THE ESCAPE CLAUSE
Congress has provided machinery for af-
fording relief to industries that have been
seriously injured by, or that are threatened
by sericus injury from, Increased Import
competition resulting from. concessions made
in trade agreements with, other countries.
It seems reasonable to assume that indus-
tries thmLt have not appealed to the Tariff
Commise,i.o:n for relief under this provision
of law, or that have failed to supply the
Tariff Commission with data adequate to
enable them to reach a decision as to the
existence of injury, are not suffering serious
injury from import competition.
Even a cursory examination of the list of
industries; that have applied for relief un-
der the escape clause (sec. 7 of the Trade
Agreements Extension Act of 1951, as
amended) discloses that few, if any, of them
could ba regarded as big business. Typi-
cal of the products concerning which it is
complained that imports have been seriously
injurious are: women's fur-felt hats and hat
bodies, garlic, tobacco pipes and bowls,
screen-printed silk scarves, scissors and
shears, groundfish fillets, and bicycles. No-
where in the list does one find such typi-
cally large-scale industries as bulk chemi-
cals, automobiles, heavy iron and steel-mill
product:;, office machinery, or agricultural
implements.
Since the escape clause was enacted, 69
industries, or segments of industries, have
applied for relief from injurious import
competition. Of these, the Tariff Commis-
sion found "serious injury" or "threat of
serious injury" to exist in 25. In 36 indus-
tries it found no serious injury, or threat of
serious Injury, and in the remaining 8 it
either terminated the investigation because
the complaining companies failed to provide
adequate factual data or dismissed the in-
vestigation at the request of the applicants.
Keeping in mind that each of the really
large industries in the United States employs
a veritable army of workers (the Ford Motor
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1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
I would be devoid did I not once again
acknowledge and express my appreciation
for the advice and cooperation afforded me
by Vice President Boggs, International
Representative, Buoy, and Walter Mason,
legislative representative of the AFL-CIO.
MAJ. GEN. JDWIN A. WALKER
(Mr. ROUSSELOT (at the request of
Mr. WALLHAUSER) was given permission
to extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD.)
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, the
following comments were sent me in a
memorandum from one of my very fine
constituents, Comdr. N. H. Black, U.S.
Naval Reserve, retired, of Arcadia, Calif.
I believe his comments regarding Maj.
Gen. Edwin A. Walker are of sufficient
interest to have them inserted in the
CONGRES*IONAL RECORD SO others may be
made aware of these opinions. I think
they are well stated and represent a very
important analysis of this particular sit-
uation. Under permission granted, I in-
clude Commander Black's comments at
this point in my remarks:
IMPORTANT COMMENTS ON THE CASE OF MAJ.
GEN. EDWIN A. WALKER
It is highly improbable that the following
facts will be brought out in the case of Maj.
Gen. Edwin A. Walker:
1. A masterly job of negative conditioning
is being done on Americans by the Soviet
through every medium of mass communica-
tions.
2. It is a military operation, devised by
military scientists and carried out by Soviet
agents.
3. A prime target is every member of the
American Armed Forces, at home and abroad.
4. The Soviet method (which we learned
in Korea) simply stated is this, "Separate an
American from his everyday faith-in his
God, his country, and his outfit, and his
friends-and you've got him."
5. Red techniques in Korea were educa-
tional group psychotherapy-in reverse. It
separates, tears down instead of builds up,
faith and courage. (The export version
aimed 24 hours a day at all Americans they
now call cybernetic warfare.)
6. Our men in Korea 'whose everyday
faiths were strong inside them, didn't break,
didn't get fooled, and lived. Those who
were educated or separated from their ev-
eryday beliefs gave up. Many died for no
physical reason.
7. President Eisenhower and Defense Sec-
retary Thomas Gates ordered corrective
training in moral and spiritual leadership
as a military countermeasure to this new
technique in warfare-"cybernetic" attack
on the will to resist.
8. Optimum purpose in the Navy's lead-
ership program, for example, is for each man
to reexamine, restudy, and reaffirm the moral
and spiritual values of his own life and
those of his faith, his country, and his serv-
ice in the Navy. In discussions of national
values, he is familiarized with the rise of
communism and the Soviet threat to the
American way of life.
9. General Walker, like any military com-
mander, is responsible for the combat readi-
ness of the men in his command. The meas-
ures and background materials he uses to
safeguard his men against the Soviet cyber-
netic softening process are matters of com-
mand responsibility and judgment.
10. It is both coincidental and unfortu-
nate that some of the best background ma-
terial on Communist subversion and Soviet
cybernetic operations is from civilian
sources. Most is researched and condensed
from thousands of reports and documents
on file in Washington. The same facts and
figures have been used continuously in hun-
dreds of publications and films issued by
scores of anticommunism organizations, as
well as as by the training materials depart-
ments of the armed services.
At first glance, General Walker's recall is
like permitting the Squodunk Gazette to
dictate dismissal of the Joint Chiefs of Staff
over the editor's disagreement with train-
ing policy. The problem here is far more
serious than stupidity. This is an example
of how extremely sensitive our services have
had, to be to political pressures.
Political pressure from the left has more
power than we realize, to hamstring and
paralyze. This is true of business and in-
dustry, especially Government regulated in-
dustry such as mass communications. It is
doubly true of Government, at any level,
and the armed services.
The technique of continuous pressure ap-
plied to pressure sensitive areas in the
American complex has been termed "Soviet
Principle No. 10." It is "the application of
paralysis as a principle of Soviet global
warfare." What it is and how it works is
found in hearings before the U.S. Senate
Internal Security Subcommittee, February
19-28, March 3-4, 1958. The immediate
answer might well be a complete briefing of
the President on the kind of sophisticated
psychological and subversive war being
waged against us. We have many experts
eminently qualified to do this. The same
people should be appointed as a task group
to devise counter measures for all Ameri-
cans. Training aids and materials now used
by the Armed Forces and many patriotic
groups is readily available.
The enemy is far more sensitive and vul-
nerable to this type of warfare than we are.
To the criminal mind exposure is tanta-
mount to failure and death. That is why
hell hath no fury like a Soviet dupe under
the white spotlight of truth.
KTHE JOHN BIRCH SOCIETY
r. ROUSSELOT (at the request of
Mr. WALLHAUSER) was given permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, it is
refreshing to find a newspaper reporter
who will look into the facts before writ-
ing about the John Birch Society.
George Todt is such a reporter. Mr.
Todt has discussed the society in six
articles which have appeared in the Los
Angeles Herald-Express, a leading news-
paper In Los Angeles, Calif., two of which
follow:
[From the Los Angeles Herald-Express, Feb,
10, 1961]
A VIEW OF THE NEWS-GEORGE TODT'S
OPINION
Do more than 100 American patriotic so-
cieties possess the right to press for the im-
peachment of the Chief Justice of the
United States by Congress in these modern
times?
Many members of the press consider this
such a ticklish question that they would
prefer to see it swept under the rug.
Frankly, I think the question deserves to
be aired. Why not put the cards on the
table for everybody to see? Who is afraid of
the truth? Let the chips fall where they
may.
What are the facts in this case?
They are, quite simply, that the John
Birch Society-a rapidly mushrooming anti-
Communist organization in the United
States-has requested a large number of
American patriotic societies to join with it
in whipping up popular support in Congress
to impeach Earl Warren, Chief Justice of
the Supreme Court.
There seems to be a lot of grassroots sym-
pathy for this action and the movement is
apparently growing by leaps and bounds.
QUESTIONS WISDOM
I do not believe that there has been any
false Inference that Mr. Warren is a Com-
munist, which he most certainly is not. The
John Birch Society merely claims that he
has performed his official duties poorly and
in such manner as to bring considerably less
than terror to the hearts of the Reds. It
questions the wisdom of certain key
decisions.
According to Robert Welch, founder of the
society, one of these was Brown v. Brown
because it overturned numerous previous
decisions by the same court on nothing more
substantial than "a set of psychological and
sociological theories advanced by a Swedish
Socialist named Gunnar Myrdal and a group
of American Communist fronters with whom
Myrdal had been associated."
Here are three more decisions which have
particularly incensed Welch and his support-
ers, as seen through his eyes:
"In the Steve Nelson case the Warren
court wiped out the antisedition laws of
more than 40 States, and denied those States
the right to protect themselves against trea-
son, on the ground that the Federal Govern-
ment had pre-empted the sedition field by
passing the Smith Act (which act this same
Supreme Court has done everything it could
to vitiate).
"OF HIS ACTS
"In the Konigsberg case the Warren
court canceled the right of any State to
deny a license to practice law to a man
merely because he would not say whether he
was a Communist or not.
"In the Sweezy case the Warren court
reversed the New Hampshire Supreme Court
and held that the attorney general of New
Hampshire was without authority to ques-
tion a lecturer at the State university-sup-
ported by the taxpayers of New Hampshire-
concerning reported subversive activities.
"There have been dozens more which we
cannot even mention here."
Welch bases his argument for impeach-
ment on Article III, Section I of the Constitu-
tion, which provides that Federal judges
"shall hold their offices during good be-
havior."
HERE ARE SOME
Since the Constitution specifies no other
arrangement for limiting the tenure of
Federal judges to the periods of their "good
behavior," Welch believes it is to be con-
sidered obvious that impeachment is to be
used for those who violate this requirement.
Now it appears that there is a considerable
body of American citizens who express them-
selves as dissatisfied with ,the behavior of
Mr. Warren as Chief Justice of the United
States.
They want Congress to bring impeachment
proceedings against him.
I am not arguing the merits of this case,
pro or con.
But the question has been raised as to
whether these people are within their legal
rights to take this kind of action.
Actually, it seems to this writer that no
officeholder in this democratic Republic of
ours ought to be beyond the reach of the
people should they become dissatisfied with
his public action.
UNDENIABLE FACTS
I say this Impartially with reference to
any position and regardless of the political
party, race, creed or color of the person hold-
ing it.
Those in public life who arouse the wrath
of the people must expect to settle their ac-
count with the people thereafter.
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7214 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Impeachment by Congress under special
circumstances is a legitimate kind of ac-
counting in the Republic of the United
States.
I am not a member of the John Birch So-
ciety, although I know fellow citizens who
are enrolled in the organization.
From all outward appearances I have been
impressed with their dedication to anti-
communism. and constitutional American-
ism.
I cannot see where they have overstepped
their right here.
[From the Los Angeles Herald-Express, Mar.
15, 1961]
GEORGE ToDT'S OPINION
There is no dearth of "Committees for
Fair Play" in the United States nowadays
whenever Communist-dominated organiza-
tions become the justified targets of the
wrath of the American people.
They even have one of these things for
Castro.
Now that an anti-Communist organiza-
tion is under fire-the John Birch Society-
let's see if the forces of liberalissimo observe
the same :high standards of conduct to-
ward their opponents that they constantly
whine for themselves. Where is the spirit
of Voltaire here?
BEWARE, BEWARE
I am not a member of the John Birch
Society, but I think that, in their case, a
great number of innocent, patriotic Amer-
icans have been already much-maligned by
ideological hatchetmen who should have
stood in bed as the saying goes.
As a member of the press who is interested
primarily in fairplay-and above all, the
truth-I think it is time to set the record
straight. What's the score?
Let me make this suggestion to my
readers in advance: Don't permit cunning
voices with axes to grind stampede you by
the unholy smear technique before you have
a chance to investigate this matter without
bias or prejudice to your own satisfaction.
Go and find out for yourselves.
Let your own eyes and ears-and con-
science---be the judge.
OF INTERPRETATION
There is a John Birch office in Los Angeles,
located at :3750 W. Sixth St., zone 5. Tele-
phone: DUnkirk 5-2389. Its manager Is a
young man named Kent Steffgen. He told
me he would be glad to answer your ques-
tions. Ask him about the side of the story
he represents before arriving at any hard
and fast decision.
When I first perceived the gigantic smear
shaping up against the members of the John
Birch Society-which numbers some of our
finest citizens in its ranks here in"the south-
ern California area and elsewhere-I inter-
viewed Steffgen about the matter.
Knowing the lofty American ideals of the
society from some of my friends who are
members, I considered it nothing less than
lunatic to attempt to link this dedicated
organization to the likes of Karl Marx,
Adolf Hitler and Gerald L. K. Smith.
If I ever wrote a lie of that dimension, I
would forever hang my head in shame.
The patron saints of the John Birch
Society are George Washington, Abraham
Lincoln, and Teddy Roosevelt.
GUILTY ONLY
To go to the heart of the problem, it is
true that the founder of the John Birch
Society once wrote a pamphlet for circula-
tion among about 100 friends In which he
was extremely critical of men like former
President Dwight D. Eisenhower, former Vice
President Richard Nixon, former Secretary of
State John Foster Dulles, and his brother,
the present Director of the Central Intelli.
gence Agency, Allen Dulles.
These are all men whom I, personally,
warmly admire and whose patriotic Amer-
icanism I have extolled on innumerable
occasions In this column. I deplore any in-
temperate language used against any of these
four fine men. And I won't buy a comma
of it.
But having said this, there are other
factors to be considered. In the first place,
Robert Welch, the John Birch founder, wrote
these intemperate statements before he had
founded the-society. It was in a book called
"The Politician"-never in. the society's
"Blue Book." So what the author wrote be-
fore the society came Into existence is cer-
tainly not binding-and has never been in-
tended to be-upon the later membership.
BY ASSOCIATION _
To condemn the membership for some-
thing Welch, stated before the society came
into existence Is little short of what our
liberalissimo friends would call guilt by
association, Now we can't have that, can
we?
in the second place, let's look at the forest
instead of the trees in this case. Granted
that Robert Welch used intemperate lan-
guage against four men whom I greatly ad-
mire-am I still to write off his magnificent
fight against communism because of this
personality factor?
I think the most important thing about
the John Birch Society lies not in the per-
sonality of its founder-who likely needs a
good public relations director like crazy-
but in the fact that it is dedicated to the
overthrow of communism and the protection
of constitutionai Government in the Re-
public of the United States.
We can afford to overlook. some faults of
these dedicated anti-Communists on that
account.
RUMANIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY
(Mr. CONTE (at the request of Mr.
WALLHAUSER) was given permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD.)
Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, it is of
vital importance that this body, truly
the most representative of the American
people, be constantly mindful of the
plight of every nation dominated and
held captive by Soviet Russia.
'With this thought in mind, the fol-
lowing message is intended for the
American people as well as the people of
Rumania.
It is with a mixture of great sorrow
and little joy that I greet the people
of Rumania today, May the 10th, the
84th anniversary of Rumanian Inde-
pendence Day. My great sorrow is that
I cannot greet a free Rumania whose
people commemorate this day openly in
jubilant nationwide celebrations. My
joy is that I can greet the people of Ru-
mania, still desirous of liberty and free-
dom, through the Rumanian National
Committee which is working zealously
for that freedom all over the world today.
In 1877, your nation united and pro-
claimed its independence, joining the
community of nations as a sovereign
kingdom. You valiantly preserved your
precious independence from outside
domination through the manyyears of
turbulence and war in the Slavic states.
With the advent of World War II, forces
of violent determination imposed their
brutal will on you only by sheer military
might. After driving these forces of
nazism from your borders and being
May 10
assu:: ed of territorial integrity by the
Soviet Union, the People of Rumania
were subjected to the insidious tech-
niques of Russian imperialism. Slowly
seizing power from within, the Soviet
Union finally forced the abdication of
King: Michael on December 30, 1947.
From that day on, Rumania has been
a captive nation. We of the free world
have not let time change our deep con-
victinn that you are held against your
will by a totalitarian form of govern-
ment in no way representative of the
feelings of your people. There is not
adequate evidence that your people want
communism. On the other hand, we
know of the suffering and the trials un-
der the present Communist regime. If
you were allowed to vote under totally
free elections, and the results of those
elections showed that you preferred a
Communistic form of government, then
we would be convinced. Until that time,
we will continue to have faith in your
determination to one day live again un-
der it government Of your choice and
within a society of your choice.
It :is with these ideas in mind that we
in the United States join in commemora-
tion of your independence day, hoping
that each of you will celebrate this day
in your hearts and minds in anticipa-
tion of the day that you can freely cele-
brate it with your shouts and thanks-
giving?
WRIGHT-PATTERSON AIR FORCE
BASE
(Mr. SCHENCK (at the request of Mr.
WALLHAUSER) was given permission to
extend[ his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. SCHENCK. Mr. Speaker, Dayton
and the Great Miami Valley are both
the birthplace and the cradle of avia-
tion--a fact of which all our folks are
justifiably proud.
In. the short period of time since the
first powered aircraft was conceived and
built in Dayton, Ohio, by Orville and
Wilbur Wright, the most phenomenal
progress in the history of the world has
been made in the areas of speed and
distance in transportation. The first
powered flight was made by the Wright
brothers at Kitty Hawk, N.C., on Decem-
ber M. 1903. From that very short flight
just 58 years ago manned aircraft has
continued to go forward until recently
when a U.S. experimental aircraft at-
tained a speed of greater than 3,100
miles per hour. This U.S. aircraft not
only responded perfectly to the will, skill,
and desire of the pilot but it also landed
safely. Thus transportation by aircraft,
commercial as well as military, from the
most widely separated places in the
world can be accomplished in. a rela-
tively few hours.
In recognition of these facts our U.S.
Armed Forces used military aircraft
with tremendous success in World War I
and to progressively greater advantage
during World War II and the Korean
war.
Back in the early days of aviation the
center of the research, development, and
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 17
problem. It exists here in New York, for
example, in housing and employment prac-
tices.
Of course, the National Government is very
much concerned with this problem, and is
taking what are hoped to be effective steps
to discharge its own obligations in this area.
I believe that the beginning that has been
made is extremely promising. President
Kennedy's forceful leadership in this field
has been reinvigorating. Under It, this ad-
ministration has been able to create what I
believe is a new and better climate for op-
portunity to flourish.
And here in New York, under your Gov-
ernor and your distinguished mayor, much
has been done. In this enlightened State
and city, statutory protections exist to in-
sure fair employment practices, for example.
Thus far government; but what of our
private groups?
In reply to the question-what can I do
for my country?-I say to the members of
the business and management and labor
communities of America: stop discriminat-
ing.
No individual or group needs a law or an
Executive order to coax or command them
to observe a simple rule of morality.
That would be a genuine contribution to
the national welfare. Businessmen can fol-
low fair employment and promotional prac-
tices and policies on their own volition, in
their own businesses. Labor unions can
end discriminatory habits using their own
means and powers.
I might add a corollary thought here, as a
visitor to this greatest of all western metrop-
olises. As hosts to the world, and espe
cially to the United Nations, the citizens of
New York can make a real contribution to
our welfare by pursuing the open and un-
prejudiced policy of the civilized host-as I
am sure you try to do.
This should be true not only for first rank
Ambassadors and diplomats but for the en-
tire world community that lives and works
here within your city limits.
My hometown, the Nation's Capital, faces
the same responsibility.
What can you do for your country?
Let me give another example. I am,
of course, very much concerned with labor-
management relations. We have lately been
engaged in an effort to insure regularity and
stability in the work going on at our missile
bases. This, in fact, is one of the things
that brings me to New York today.
It has been suggested that the quickest
way to attain the goal we seek is to adopt
a law, to compel a solution.
But I have learned from long experience
that the adoption of laws does not neces-
sarily solve the problem. Whether a law
could or could not is beside the point.
Labor and management, without a law to
compel them, can on their own volition
agree on these principles:
That the program is one of urgent pri-
ority;
That the work should be performed eco-
nomically, at decent wage levels, under fair
conditions;
That, as during the war, free labor and
free management can outproduce the regi-
mented and compelled work force of the
totalitarian countries;
That, therefore, no interruption of work
should take place.
Now this attitude, and this remark, are
not necessarily limited to the organizations
working at missile bases.
My experience has convinced me that if
labor and management are awaiting a bill
of particulars on what they can do for their
country, they don't have to look far.
There Is no Government policy that pre-
vents labor and management from develop-
ing, by mutual effort, better machinery for
the settlement of disputes In vital matters-
and in other matters as well. I would and
do encourage such an effort. When labor
and management ask: What can we do for
our country?-an obvious answer is: Keep
the peace. Keep the industrial peace not
because a law compels you to but because
of the welfare of the country and because
it is to your own enlightened self-interest
to do so.
I mentioned civil rights and labor-man-
agement relations as examples where vol-
untary effort in the public interest is self-
suggesting.
Let me give you a third, based upon an
interest Inherent in the Secretary of Labor's
job. Last week, the President issued an
Executive order creating a Committee on
Juvenile Delinquency and Youth Crime. I
have the honor to serve with Attorney Gen-
eral Kennedy and Secretary of Health, Edu-
cation, and Welfare Ribicoff on that com-
mittee.
The President's Committee will, of course,
enlist the aid and seek the cooperation of
governments and private organizations in
this fight against the waste of delinquency.
In this important area, with $10 million
authorized for Federal grants, it is obvious
that if the President's Committee is to suc-
ceed it must depend upon the cooperation
and aid of States and private organizations.
In commenting on this Executive order,
the Washington Post remarked: "Juvenile
delinquency is essentially a local problem
which must be dealt with through local
agencies-schools, churches, settlement
houses, community welfare agencies-operat-
ing together to bring hostile and rebellious
youth into participation in the community's
life. The real need is to put what is now
known into use and to prod responsible pri-
vate and public agencies at the local level
into more effective operation."
I agree with that sentiment. The Federal
Government can perform good and needed
service in this field. It is also true that long
before the Executive order was issued, mani-
festing Presidential concern and intention
to appropriate action, the question of what
you could do for your country provided its
own answer to men and women already at
work on delinquency.
I have given you three instances of areas
where individual and group response to the
President's concept should be clear. There
are many others, both inside and outside my
own responsibility.
In the singular world of today, a world of
troubled neighborhoods rather than separate
nations, our Government undertakes aid
programs that are of vital and paramount
importance for the peace and security of the
world.
These programs do not exclude voluntary
efforts by groups and individuals.
A religious group near Washington, D.C.,
for example, has been sending cows to areas
in the world where a cow is a treasure, and
where fresh milk is a luxury.
Large programs like CARE are effective ex-
pressions of private American concern. They
are examples of what persons in private
capacities can do for their country and the
world-for in leading the world toward
greater well-being they also strengthen the
United States.
This is a great metropolitan area, a huge
complex of people and activity.
You know that as social problems arise,
as the daily business of living becomes more
and more demanding and challenging, the
powers that can be brought to bear upon
solutions need to be more effective. Respon-
sible government must be an instrument
for progress when the means at hand to
private groups are not adequate to the prob-
lem they face. At the same time, govern-
ment cannot be responsible unless our peo-
ple make it so, unless they view their own
actions In the light of the interest of all.
I would paraphrase the words of the
President this way: All of us know what our
country has done for us, and all of us know,
in our heart and conscience, what we should
do for our country. The resolution to act, to
move forward, to seek the path of good con-
science, is the only decision that remains.
The John Birch Society
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT
OF CALIFO$NIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 17, 1961
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker, an
article by George Todt which appeared
in the April 28, 1961, issue of the Los
Angeles Herald-Express,, a newspaper
published in Los Angeles, Calif., helps
to clarify the objectives of the John
Birch Society. Mr. Todt's observations
stem from an interview he recently had
with Mr. Welch. Under unanimous con-
sent I include the article in the Appendix
of the RECORD:
GEORGE TODT'S OPINION-WHY WELCH IS
ATTACKED
"Neither - cast yet your pearls before
swine."-Matthew XIII: 6.
Not long ago I had a private interview
with stormy petrel Robert Welch of the
much publicized John Birch Society and
asked him what he was up to in these mod-
ern times.
"Do you intend to form a third party?"
I asked him.
"Not at all," he replied. "The real purpose
of the John Birch Society is to act as a
positive force for moral rearmament in our
Republic. We wish to rejuvenate the Nation
with the spirit of the Founding Fathers and
the American Revolution of 1776. It has
been sadly lacking in recent years. What
could be more Important now?"
Welch appears to be anything except the
Fascist ogre he has been represented to be
in the so-called liberal comunications media
from here to New York City and points in
between.
HIS SECRET?
When one talks to this sincere and dedi-
cated person at close range, it is hard to
imagine valid reasons for the hysterical
hatchet work from so many sides.
Why does this mild-mannered little man
panic the "liberals" more than all of Nikita
Khrushchev's armored divisions, submarines
and his Communist fifth column now op-
erating with near-impunity and untold im-
pudence in our country today?
What is his secret, anyway? Perhaps, I
have a hunch that might explain it. It's
only a guess-but here goes.
I think Bob Welch may have pricked the
moral conscience of all too many Americans
who have had their head much too far down
in the sand ere now. Many of us have been
fiddling carelessly while the Republic is burn-
ing in more ways than one. Our slogan has
been "business as usual."
Frankly, we have been so preoccupied with
our materialism that we have pretended the
danger which now threatens us with po-
tential destruction unless defeated just did
not exist in the past.
Or if we did not go quite that far, we at
least minimized the danger of the Com-
munist conspiracy to our national welfare.
It was something we kept putting off for
"manana"-the tomorrow which never
comes.
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1961 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
to Freeman. He. would have found addi-
tional reasons to oppose the Freeman-
Cochrane-Kennedy plan for controlled
farming.
An acute meat shortage has hit Moscow,
according to the news report of April 28.
The Government in Russia, operating in ac-
cordance with the Communist theory of
national planning, sets the amount of meat
which Soviet citizens need to consume and
which Red farmers are to produce. An AP
correspondent who toured the state-run
butcher shops in Moscow failed to find a
single scrap of fresh meat, not even sausages.
Canned meat from Bulgaria and dried fish
were available.
Meat could be bought in the central mar-
ket where the peasants bring produce grown
on their private plots of land. But the
peasants set their own prices in that market,
and chunks of beef including the bone were
being sold for 4.75 rubles per kilogram, or
more than $2 per pound. The peasants were
selling eggs for 16 cents each.
Pravda, the official news outlet for the
Communist government, made some vague
allusion to the fact that public control had
not forced the fulfillment of meat quotas.
Other Soviet newspapers offered no explana-
tion. Apparently it isn't good form to point
out that Red agriculture has failed under
the direction of Nikita S. Khrushchev.
If an American farmer, or any American
Congressman, wants to know how a con-
trolled agriculture operates, all he has to do
is look to Russia. Government control of
supply, which is exactly what Freeman wan is
and what the bommunists have in Russia,
will bring meatless days to Washington.
The United States doesn't need to adopt
any plan of this kind.
of
HON. JAMES B. UTT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 17, 1961
Mr. UTr. Mr. Speaker, under leave
to extend my remarks in the Appendix
of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I wish to
include an essay on the subject of "Com-
munism," written as an English assign-
ment by one of my young constituents,
Willard M. Hanzlik. It is always en-
couraging to find our youth of today so
cognizant of the necessity to heed the
teachings of our forefathers and the
laws of the Constitution with which we
have been endowed, in order to preserve
our country and our way of life. I feel
this essay has set forth quite well, the
basic ideals of all loyal American cit-
izens:
WE CAN DEFEAT COMMUNISM
Communism can be defeated by our hav-
ing more confidence in our own Govern-
ment, and by each person trying harder to
make the system work. American citizens
who develop a love for their country will
not be influenced by outside political forces.
Good American citizens will be alert to the
evils of the atheist communism. The Gov-
ernment of the United States was founded
in 1776 by earnest God-loving men. These
men had a surging power behind them-this
was faith. If faith had not been so strong
as it was, America would not be America as
we know it today. Men like Benjamin
Franklin and Thomas Jefferson had great
faith in America. We cannot afford to let
these Founding Fathers down; America must
be kept strong. By supporting America's
democratic ways, we, as citizens, can help
to make America stronger. Communism is
completely contrary to all of our basic stand-
ards; therefore by allowing communism to
enter America, we are actually denouncing
our democracy. Is America to allow for-
eign aggression, or are we to stand up and
fight for what we believe? Certainly an
atheist society cannot spread to it God-loving
society of freedom. Above all else, remem-
ber this: Jesus said: "Ye shall know the
truth, and the truth shall make you free."
J. Edgar Hoover says at the conclusion of his
book, "Masters of Deceit," "In communism
we see what happens when freedom is ex-
tinguished. This must give 'us renewed zeal
to work untiringly to uphold the ideals of
justice and liberty which have made this
Nation great."
Address by Secretary of Labor
Arthur J. Goldberg
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. VICTOR L. ANFUSO
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 17, 1961
Mr. ANFUSO. Mr. Speaker, at the
testimonial luncheon given in his hon-
or by the mayor and city of New York
on Monday, May 15, 1961, Secretary of
Labor Arthur J. Goldberg presented a
most interesting and thought-provok-
ing address in which he touched on sev-
eral important problems of national
interest. His views and thoughts de-
serve wider attention, and I am there-
fore pleased to insert his address into
the RECORD.
Secretary Goldberg deserves to be
commended for demonstrating that his
approach to problems is not one-sided.
He gave sound advice to both labor and
industry, and I hope and trust they will
take his advice in a spirit of cooperation
for the Nation's interest. He asked
both of them to observe "a simple rule
of mortality" by eliminating discrimina-
tion in housing and employment. Laws
alone will not end such discrimination,
but it can be accomplished through fair
practices and unprejudiced policies.
Significantly, Secretary Goldberg
spoke about the work stoppage at our
missile bases in which we are all so
deeply concerned. In speaking of the
remedies to this, situation, he said:
It has been suggested that the quickest
way to attain the goal we seek is to adopt a
law, to compel a solution.
But I have learned from long experience
that the adoption of laws does not neces-
sarily solve the problem. Whether a law
could or could not is beside the point. La-
bor and management, without a law to com-
pel them, can on their own volition agree
on those principles,
That the program is one of urgent
priority;
That the work should be performed eco-
nomically, at decent wage lever, under fair
conditions;
That, as during the war, free labor and
free management can outproduce the regi-
mented and compelled work force of the
totalitarian countries;
A3473
That, therefore, no interruption of work
should take place.
I consider these proposals by the Sec-
retary of Labor as very sage advice and
I sincerely hope that both sides will agree
to it. As a member of the House Sci-
ence and Astronautics Committee, I was
extremely perturbed when I learned
about these work stoppages and how
much it is hurting our progress in scien-
tific research and development, especial-
ly in space research.
The text of Secretary Goldberg's ad-
dress is as follows:
I am greatly honored by this affair ten-
dered tc me by the mayor and the city of
New York. It is, I think, characteristic of
this city that you have so honored two mem-
bers of President Kennedy's Cabinet, and
that those members are the Secretary of
Commerce and the Secretary of Labor.
I am sure my distinguished colleague,
Luther Hodges, was as gratified at the
luncheon given for him as I ant today.
These affairs show an awareness-by your
great mayor and the citizens of New York-
of the interrelationship of industry and
commerce and labor in the life of this city,
and indeed in the life of the country.
Gestures of this sort are indications of
the trulq progressive character of your city.
It is that progressive tradition, dating back
many years, that has helped New York at-
tain the eminence it enjoys in this Nation
and throughout the world.
I would like this afternoon to address my-
self to :a, ;provocative concept advanced by
our President, one that has, been the subject
of much discussion and soul searching, both
in our press and in our own, individual
minds.
In hi; inaugural address, the President
said: "Ask. not what your country can do
for you, but ask what you can do for your
country."
The question has been raised as to why
the cou otry was not furnished with a bill
of particulars. This desire of people to be
told specifically how to make their contribu-
tion to the national effort; is quite under-'
standab'e. Yet, I would like to raise the
counterquestion with you as to whether
this uncertainty does not In itself reflect a
lack of awareness on the part of the people
of their responsibilities to our society.
We pride ourselves for our dependence
upon free enterprise, a free economy and
personal decision to provide us with the
goods and services for a good life. We are
justifiably proud of our free institutions and
the contributions they make. The man-
agers of our vast industries, the leaders of
our greet labor unions, the important citi-
zens who direct community affairs-all are
among the prime movers of our national life.
At the same time, while Government :has
important responsibilities which it must
exercise responsibility in our society, we
ought not let Government dominate our
lives. I ann sure that most of us agree with
that corLeept.
Given that general frame of mind, then,
I would like to pose this question: Why is
there any lack of awareness of what these
tremendous groups, and the individuals in
these groups, can do to advance the national
interest"
I Wou'.d like to suggest 3ome answers, by
way of specific examples in. fields closely re-
lated to my own responsibilities as Secretary
of Labor, I am, for example, the Vice Chair-
man of the President's Committee on Equal
Employment Opportunity. The problem of
discrimination exists in oar national life.
That ?problem is not geographic in char-
acter. It, is not, as those of us who live in
the large, northern industrial cities would
sometimes like to believe, strictly a southern
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CONGRESSIONAL R
EC
Society will ulti-
moral renaissance
not a third party.
So we really did not do enough of unanimous consent I include this col- As a young college student, I met Dr.
we ought to have done competently in our what umn in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD: Peter Sammartino, who was teaching in
own interests. We spent a lot of money as SKETCHBOOK-HELPING OTHERS Is HIS MAIN the College of the City of New York and
taxpayers, to be sure. But what did it gain PURPOSE IN LIFE also in Columbia University. us? Where are our frien ? We were
ds Who can we (By Robert Hatem) fraternity brothers of Alpha Phi Delta,
count upon now? DRACUT -If you are looking for a man and while I represented the metropoli-
If any were to ask me whether I lacked with personality and qualifications that tan area as the vice consul which in-
confidence in the good intentions of previous make him a man among men, meet Arthur cluded the major colleges of the eastern
Presidents regarding our national security Joyal, medical supervisor of the local Veter- seaboard, Dr. Sammartino was the con-
vis-a-vis the Communist world government ans' Administration office. sul or conspiracy, my answer would be an un- To find out why our subject works over- in the of leg national hout the
e
equivocal "No." I think they did the best time trying to help others one must first in the maor Colleges throughout ougo
they knew how. consider events that led to a hospital bed; country. We knew each other intimately
But if the question were put to me in a year of convalescence, and the approach and frequently exchanged our view-
the vein of whether I thought they might Mr. Joyal decided to take Is starting his points as to the best method of devel-
have done enough to stem the onrushing life all over again.
Red tide, sorrowfully I would have to say Born in Lowell, he was educated in local In t oi t a hose fudaysman and a educated mdi-
"No" to that one, too. Well-intentioned public schools and after completing studies broad er Smmartno der-
though
though they might have been, the present at Lowell High School was employed by a sand his broad Perspective
our under-
results attest to the fact that not nearly roofing company and a sheet metal firm. standing of what made our country
enough actually has been done. Not against That was before World War II rattled the great-that all men had equal opportu-
the cunning and wily Marxist global strate-, globe. Then in 1942, he enlisted In the nity to advance themselves to the limit
gists. U.S. Navy, and that became his way of life of their ability, sacrifice, and intelli-
STUDY HoovER for the next 3 years. gene.
The only exception among our Presidents During this period, he became ill and was The great New York paper, the New
was wise octogenarian Herbert Hoover, Sr., a confined to a naval hospital in California. York Mirror on Saturday, May 13, 1961,
down-to-earth thinker who called the shots While a patient he kept abreast of de-
right where world communism was concerned velopments around him by reading as many in commening upon the contributions the beginning. as five newspapers daily. Good literature, outstanding Americans of Italian an-
The smartest thing we could do, it seems Particularly biographies, became his favorite cestry, wrote a life story of Dr. Sammar-
to me, is to study again the brilliant coun- pastime. tino. In that article, the feature writers,
sel this tragically underrated President had This lasted for 8 months. Late in 1945, Ara Piastro and Harry Altshuler, de-
to give a heedless people concerning the Red' he was released from the hospital and given scribe the manner in which the dream
menace from Eurasia. an honorable discharge from the military, of Dr. Sammartino became a great uni-
We have been at fault as a nation because He was 100 percent disabled.
we listened to the wrong advice about the lie returned to Lowell, but he did not ceremoeremo at one
Fair eigh leigh occasion I attended
Communist
Communist peril. Now we are sorry. readjust immediaetly. Mr. Joyal was or-
We a Dickinson Uni-
have traveled down a blind alley un- dered to bedrest for 4 months. versity, at which the young ladies who
til we have reached a swamp of bitter dis- However, he refused to sympathize with were about to graduate made their debut
appointment-and now we must need re- himself during this period and when he was before the parents, public officials, and
trace our steps If we may hope to get out told he might leave his bed, Mr. Joyal did outstanding citizens. It was a thrilling
of the deadly morass alive. not waste time telling friends and neigh- experience and one in which I shall never
bors of his misfortune.
FITTING GOAT.
We have only ourselves to blame for our
numerous troubles today.
And now domes forth Robert Welch to
chide us and even to shame us for our inept
failures to meet properly the Marxist men-
ace in the past--and many of those with
saddened consciences as to their previous
roles in the unhappy scheme of things must
presently in self-defense feel obliged to strike
back at him.
Perhaps Welch has become something of
a goad to the national conscience by this
time. Is that why his detractors fear him?
At any rate, I think his idea for a bona
fide moral rejuvenation of our Nation is a
fitting goal to strive for nowadays. We need
it.
Maybe the John Birch
mately help to get a real
underway in our country,
Let's hope so.
Tribute to Arthur Joyal
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 17, 1961
Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, one of the
most inspiring men with whom I have
shared friendship, and with whom I
was privileged to work closely during the
period I was Deputy Administrator of
the Veterans' Administration, is Mr.
Arthur Joyal of my hometown of Lowell,
Mass. The Lowell Sun recently paid well-
merited tribute to Mr. Joyal, and under
ORD - AJrPENDIX A3475
He was employed by the Veterans' Admin-
istration in Boston and commuted from
Lowell to the Hub until 1949, when he was
appointed a medical supervisor of the Lowell
office.
Since that time he has become friend and
adviser to almost every disabled veteran in
greater Lowell.
However, helping people doesn't end there,
Mr. Joyal through the Knights of Columbus,
the United Fund, the Community Council,
and the Catholic Charitable Bureau has tak-
en it upon himself to help people.
Why? Well, as far as the Sketchbook was
able to learn, spending a year in a hos-
pital and seeing firsthand the problems of
others, brings out the "I am my brother's
keeper" instinct In the man.
A Dream of an Educator, Dr. Peter Sam-
martino, Becomes a Reality at Fairleigh
Dickinson University
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ALFRED E. SANTANGELO
OF NEW YORic
THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 17, 1961
Mr. SANTANGELO. Mr. Speaker,
Ralph Waldo Emerson, the sage of Con-
cord, once declared that a man's reach
forget. I believe that the article in the
New York Mirror would prove of interest
to the readers and will demonstrate how
one man can make his imprint' upon
Americans seeking higher education and
can prove an inspiration to those who
desire enlightenment and educational
opportunities.
The article follows:
His DREAM BECOMES A GREAT UNIVERSITY
(What makes a community a good place
to live in, what makes a nation great? Peo-
ple-the devoted ones, the dedicated ones
whose lives stand as shining examples to
the rest of us. It's high time to recognize,
among these builders of our civilizatiop, the
many and notable contributions of citizens
of Italian birth or descent. Here Is the
seventh article of a new Mirror series about
some outstanding members of this group.)
(By Ara Plastro and Harry Altshuler)
Fairleigh Dickinson University began with
a haunted house.
It was a handsome but unused 25-room
mansion known as "The Castle," in Ruther-
ford, N.J. What haunted it was not a spook,
but the thoughts of Dr. Peter Sammartino,
who saw it frequently In 1933 when, just
across the street, he was courting Sylvia
Scaramelli, who became his wife late that
year.
"What a wonderful place that would be,"
he kept thinking, "to start a college."
Dr. Sammartino was associated at the
time with New College, part of Columbia
University Teachers College. With some
other educators, he had conducted a survey
of the higher education needs in the Ruth-
erford area. Local hi
h
h
g
sc
ool principals
heavens made? Dr. Peter Sammartino were complaining that many of their bet-
is an educator who built dream castles ter students had to give up plans for college
in his early days, and by dint of stick- because the colleges were too far away and
to-itiveness and sacrifice finally made his too expensive.
The house and the idea continued to
dream castle develop into reality, haunt Dr. Sammartino, but through the
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A3476 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX, May 17 ,
years of the great depression little could
be done about it. Finally, late in 1941, he
and 16 of the high school principals in-
terested Col. Fairleigh S. Dickinson, head of
a surgical appliance concern, who bought
"TIIe Castle" and handed It over to them.
On December 3, the New Jersey Board
of Higher Education tentatively approved
their plan to establish a college. Then came
December 7-Pearl Harbor. The following
day, the board of higher education met to re-
consider. By a single vote, the college plan
squeaked through. .A year later, Fairleigh
Dickinson opened Its doors, as a 2-year
junior college, with a student body of 59
coeds and I lone 4-F.
Currently the university has 14,000 stu-
dents on three campuses. It has a 4-year
college of liberal arts and sciences, it has the
only new school of engineering established
in this country In the last last decade, a
school of business administration, a school
of education, a school of dentistry; and a
graduate school. Dr. Sammartino has been
its president and guiding hand from the be-
ginning.
He was born in New York City on August
15, 1904, one of the two children of Guy
and Eva Sammartino. The father had come
to this country in 1901, working first as a
pastry chef, then as a wholesale dealer in
pastry.
Peter attended Stuyvesant High School and
City College here, playing piano in an or-
chestra to help meet his expenses. He did
graduate work in education at New York
University, taking his master's degree in 1928
and his doctorate in 1931. Interested in
teaching French, he topped off his own back-
ground with courses at the Sorbonne in
Paris.
He taught for several years in New York
City schools before going to Columbia's new
college, where he was chairman of the lan-
guage department.
Somehow, he found time in the midst of
this busy career to write a number of lan-
guage textbooks, as well as studies of edu-
cational techniques and philosophy, and on
the side to pursue such diverse hobbies as
golf and folklore.
The phenomenal growth of Fairleigh Dick-
inson stands as a living monument to his be-
liefs that a college can "give training in some
career field so a student can achieve eco-
nomic security within a reasonable time after
graduation," and at the same time, "give a
cultural background of general studies, vital
and dynamic, to help a student live a full
and successful life."
This his work has accomplished for the
community-and Its larger meaning to the
Nation cannot be overlooked either. That
value, Sammartino has written, "is to point
out how a region can help meet its higher
education needs without recourse to tax
funds,"
His work is a lesson that has inspired and
will continue to inspire teachers as well as
students.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
Workers of North America, from Shreve-
port, La. This statement refers to the
flood of foreign glass which is being im-
ported into this country.
On March 14, I appeared before the.
U.S. Tariff Commission, urging that this
Commission take immediate action in
further curbing the imports of foregn
glass made by the low-paid workers in
foreign countries at this time. I thought
the reception given to me and others by
the U.S. Tariff Commission was excel-
lent and I was buoyed up with the
thought that the Commission would give
the glass people throughout the country
a quick decision. Months have gone by
--since then and no decision has come
from the Tariff Commission. In the
meantime, conditions 'In this country in
the glass industry have become more
acute. Foreign-made glass continues to
pour into this country in competition
with glass made by American workmen.
Within my own home city of Shreve-
port, La., there is a large glass factory,
owned by Libbey-Owens-Ford. Hun-
dreds of workers are employed in this
industry. They are outstanding citizens
with reputations for paying their bills,
supporting local civic projects, and rear-
ing their families in this community as
American citizens should do. I want to
join with others who are working toward
the reducing of foreign.-made glass, in
support of these people. They are fine
citizens and they should have our active
and aggressive support.
Before the glass Industry reaches such
a point that jt may have to close the
doors of many of its plants, I make
another appeal to the Tariff Commission
to make an early decision on the request
submitted to it for the reduction of for-
eign-made glass in competition with our
own products.
This statement is as follows:
On March 14, 15, and 16, 1961, the U.S.
Tariff Commission held escape clause hear-
ings concerning the imports of window glass
from abroad.
Since the Imports of window glass ran 425
million square feet in 1959 and approxi-
mately 854 million square feet in 1960, the
domestic industry finds itself reeling under
the impact.
Other than the Libby-Owens-Ford Win-
dow Glass Plant in Shreveport, La., a city
of some 175,000, there is very little industry
as this is an oil and gas center, The glass
industry is known as a "family" industry
and we have second and third generations of
numerous families employed in the Shreve-
port plant.
This fact In itself illustrates that a glass
worker would be "very much out of place in
any other industrial plant even if Shreve-
port were an industry city.
We have made a plea to the U.S. Tariff
Commission through our international office
for relief through the establishment of quo-
tas as outlined in section 7 of the trade
agreements legislation
We are therefor
.
e
HON. OVERTON BROOKS very prayerful that this relief will be granted
so that this old American industry can con-
OF LOTTISIANA tinue to be enjoyed by the present workers
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and the glassworkers of the future.
Wednesday, April 26, 1961 If the U.S. Tariff Commission recommends
relief for our glass industry, we hope and
'Mr. BROOKS of Louisiana. Mr. pray that you will give it your most serious
Speaker, under leave to extend my re- consideration.
marks, I wish to bring to the attention Respectfully yours,
of the Congress a statement written by President, Local N 1Vo. M. NELSON,
President, Local oca 5, United Glass
Mr. Thurman M. Nelson, president of and Ceramic Workers of North
Local No, 5, United Glass and Ceramic America, AFL-CIO.
Uneasy Alliance
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
o7
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
Or NEW YORK:
IN l.'HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 15, 1961
Mr.. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, I com-
mend to the attention of our colleagues
the following article by Gaston Cob--
lents which appeared in the New York
Hemld Tribune on May 5, 1961. This
is the first of Mr. Coblentz' reports from
Romania:
BORDER CONTROLS STRINGENT-ROMANIA AND
HtrwGARY: AN UNEASY ALLIANCE OF Two
CCIJIMTTNIST NATIONS
(By Caston Coblentz)
CLUJ, RtmzANUI.-Coming from Hungary,
the fascinating northern route across Ru-
mania to Bucharest begins near Oradea with
one of the most stringent frontier inspec-
tions in Europe.
Although the frontier runs between two
Communist nations, the Rumanian side is
guarded by high wooden watchtowers. Three
are visible from the border-crossing point.
The scene somewhat resembles the watch-
tower network the Hungarian Communists
have erected along their common border
with neutral Austria some 250 mules farther
west.
Rumania is, in a number of respects, a
land of still tighter controls than Hungary.
It has for example, built watchtowers of
the sarae type at various points along its
borders with Yugoslavia and even, In north-
ern Moldavia, as some localities on the long
stretch of Rumanian frontier that faces the
Soviet Union.
AHEAD OF THE BARRIER
The exhaustive customs check at Oradea
starts when a stiff-gestured Rumanian soldier
steps athwart the highway to halt approach-
ing cars, a few feet before the Rumanian
frcntier barrier. The inspection takes place
be`Ore you are allowed to pass the barrier.
Pactically everything has to be taken out
of the car. The inspector's intention seems
to be concentrated on preventing letters or
political literature from being smuggled in.
Virtually every book or pamphet in the bag-
gage is rifled.
Casually but systematically, you are asked
whether you speak Rumanian, whether you
hive relatives in Rumania, and, above all,
whether you speak Hungarian.
The latter question is of primary impor-
tance in this region, the westernmost portion
of Transylvania, where some 1,600,000
Hungarians live under Rumanian rule.
Northern Transylvania, long a source of con-
flict between Hungary and Rumania, was
recovered by the Rumanians at the end of
World War II.
STILL A SORE SPOT
While territorial issues between Eastern
European states are officially stated to have
been liquidated by their common Commu-
nist allegiance, it is apparent that the
Transylvania matter Is still alive in
many minds in each area.
In Budapest, this correspondent heard
Hungarian Communists speak acidly about
1';, One of them, a man of 50, raised in
Oradea, referred to the town exclusively by
its Hungarian name, Nagyvarad. In ,-am-
nion with his secretary, a woman born in
the same area, he bitterly asked a reporter
to give the town his best wishes, somewhat
in the manner of West Germans speaking
of their lost harries in the Polish-ruled
Oder-Neisse area.
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in order to appropriately signalize this
achievement and in order to establish
proper recognition of the heroism dis-
played by Commander Shepard and by
the other astronauts.
In view of that I believe it is fitting
and proper we should do more than con-
gratulate Alan Shepard, I feel that we
should award to Commander Shepard a
special medal for his achievement, which
is deserving of the highest recognition.
It clearly ranks as high in history as the
memorable solo flight of Charles Lind-
bergh in the Spirit of St. Louis. To
day, on behalf of myself and the two
Senators from New Hampshire [Mr.
BRIDGES and Mr. COTTON], I introduce,
for appropriate reference, a joint resolu-
tion authorizing a special medal in honor
of the gallant and courageous service of
New Hampshire's distinguished son,
Commander Shepard, and I ask unani-
mous consent that the resolution be
printed in the RECORD.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
joint rosolution will be received and ap-
propriately referred; and, without ob-
jection, the joint resolution will be
printed in the RECORD.
authorize the President of the United
States to present a medal to Comdr.
Alan B. Shepard, Jr., introduced by Mr.
MUNDT (for himself, Mr. BRIDGES, and
Mr. COTTON), was received, read twice
by its title, referred to the Committee
on Banking and Currency, and ordered
to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:
Resolved by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled (two-thirds
of each House concurring therein), That,
in recognition of the gallant and courageous
service rendered by Commander Alan B.
Shepard, Junior, U.S. Navy, in piloting
the first United States manned flight into
space, and in recognition of the fortitude,
dedication and perseverance exhibited by
him during his preparation for and execu-
tion of this epic achievement in the history
of American scientific endeavor, the Presi-
dent of the United States is authorized to
present to Commander Alan B. Shepard,
Junior, in the name of Congress, an appro-
priate gold medal. For such purpose, the
Secretary of the Treasury is authorized and
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
resolution will be read, for the informa-
tion of the Senate.
The resolution (H. Con. Res. 296) was
read, as follows:
Resolved by the House of Representatives
(the Senate concurring), That the Congress
hereby commends Commander Alan B.
Shepard, Junior, U.S. Navy, of Derry,
New Hampshire, for his outstanding achieve-
ment and the courage and skill displayed
by him in his flight into space ' on May 5,
1961, in the Mercury capsule known as
Freedom 7.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the request for the present
consideration of the concurrent resolu-
tion?
There being no objection, the Senate
poceeded to consider the concurrent
resolution.
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, to-
day, both the House and the Senate have
adopted concurrent resolutions paying
tribute to Comdr. Alan B. Shepard, Jr.
Unfortunately, the House adjourned be-
fore the Senate concurrent resolution
could reach that body and be deliberated
on, even though the Secretary of. the
Senate advanced the concurrent resolu-
tion to the House as expeditiously as
possible.
It is my hope, and I am certain it will
be fulfilled, that the House concurrent
resolution will be adopted unanimously
by the Senate.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the concurrent
resolution.
The concurrent resolution (H. Con.
Res. 296) was unanimously agreed to.
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, last Fri-
day the U. S. Chamber of Commerce
concluded its week-long national meet-
ing in Washington. What I have to
say this morning I had hoped to say on
the floor of the Senate on Friday, but
because the Senate was not in session
then, it has been delayed until this
morning.
What I wish to call to the attention of
Members of the Senate is the selection
directed to cause to be struck a gold medal of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce
with suitable emblems, devices, and in- as the recipient of the wrath and
scriptions to be determined by the Secretary. the condemnation of the organization
There is hereby authorized to be appro- known as the John Birch Society.
priated the sum of $5,000 for this purpose. President Eisenhower, Chief Justice
MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE
A message from the House of Repre-
sentatives, by Mr. Bartlett, One of its
reading clerks, announced that the
House had agreed to a concurrent reso-
lution (H. Con. Res. 296) commending
Comdr. Alan B. Shepard, Jr., for his out-
standing achievement in flight into
space, in which it requested the con-
currence of the Senate.
FLIGHT OF FREEDOM VII-TRIBUTE
TO COMDR. ALAN B. SHEPARD, JR.
Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, I re-
quest unanimous consent for the imme-
diate consideration of House Concurrent
Resolution 296, just received from the
House.
Warren, Allen Dulles, the late John Fos-
ter Dulles, as well as distinguished Mem-
bers of this body, have been attacked by
this organization. The U.S. Chamber of
Commerce now joins those ranks.
Quite recently I Obtained a copy of the
Birch Society's so-called White Book. It
is an accumulation of their once-a-
month publications that the society cir-
culates to all of its members. It but-
tresses two other manuscripts, the se-
cret, or semisecret, "Politician," written
by Robert Welch himself, and the Blue
Book, the official organizational manual
for the society. The White Book, now
available to all who are willing to pay
the price, discloses in its May 1960 bul-
letin, at pages 10, 11, and 12, its position,
or the position of its leader, Robert
Welch, on the U.S. Chamber of Com-
merce.
I shall only skip read, in order to save
time, and I ask unanimous consent that
the full paging on the U.S. Chamber of
Commerce be included in the RECORD
following these remarks.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
(See exhibit 1.)
Mr. McGEE. What it says is that the
U.S. Chamber of Commerce-I am now
quoting from the John Birch Society
White Book:
Is now offering a course in practical poli-
tics for business people all over the United
States. * * * We can't help wondering
whether or not the Lenin Institute in Mos-
cow is now giving courses for the U.S. Cham-
ber of Commerce.
It goes on to suggest that what the
society must do, and what they must
urge the chamber of commerce of the
United States to do, is "To publicize and
eliminate any socialist teachings or pro-
Communist slant" political courses.
Finally, the suggestion is made, in the
tract, that "if the lefists have permeated
the staff of the U.S. Chamber of Com-
merce to the extent indicated-or pur-
posely been placed on that staff during
the recent liberal administration-the
informed and patriotic members of the
American business community still do
not have to take it lying down."
It seems to me the attack on the U.S.
Chamber of Commerce by the Birch
Society speaks for itself.
EXHIBIT 1
[From May 1, 1960 Bulletin of John Birch
Society]
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is now
offering a course in "Practical Politics" for
business people all over the United States.
It is also offering a course in "Free Enter-
prise and the American Way of Life," to
plant foremen. And we can't help wondering
whether or not the Lenin Institute in Mos-
cow is now giving courses, for teachers who
are later expected to give courses to Amer-
icans, on the American way of life.
For the reports that have come to us
indicate that, under the guise of practical
politics, the lesson being insistently ham-
mered into the heads of the business men
is that: (1) The important thing is for
them to win elections; (2) a liberal and in-
ternationalist has a far better chance of
winning any election in America today than
a conservative and isolationist; and (3), that
therefore the American business men should
pick liberals as their candidates and become
active in promoting the winning campaigns
of such liberals for election. Maybe this
line did not come directly out of Moscow-
or maybe it did, But at any rate, Moscow
certainly could not find a better one for
promoting its indoctrination of American
business and community leaders with ideas
that serve its purpose.
As to the course for foremen, at least
one teacher of these courses-and ap-
parently a typical one-has stated that:
First, we must forget about communism,
because this is not our problem; second,
the current trend to socialism is not due
to Communist influences, but to other
faults, especially in our educational sys-
tem; third, our country exploited Japan
by not paying the Japanese enough for
their silk, and exploited Mexico by using
up it oil resources; fourth, our Marines
have been sent into countries to put down
uprisings against ruling regimes solely
because those regimes were friendly to
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this country; fifth, the money we have
collected on tariffs should all be sent back
to the countries on which the tariffs were
paid, to subsidize the workers in those
countries and bring their standards of
living up to ours; sixth, our country was a
young Nation, which lacked understand-
ing, but is now showing signs of grow-
ing up and assuming its proper respon-
sibilities. These are the beliefs-or the
pretended beliefs-please note, of a man
who is teaching free enterprise to plant
foremen, on behalf of the Chamber of
Commerce of the United States.
We urge every businessman, and every
foreman, who is a member of the John
Birch Society, to go to one or both of
these courses if possible, and to do every-
thing he can to find out for himself-
and document with notes made during or
immediately after the meetings-just
what is being taught and what general
doctrines are being subtly and insidious-
ly advanced. Then go to work through
your local chamber of commerce,
through the national chamber if you are
a member, through your fellow busi-
nessmen and foremen, and through
every practicable means and channel, to
publicize: and eliminate any socialist
teachings or pro-Communist slant that
you find in the U.S. chamber courses;
and to identify, and have the chamber
get rid of, those who have been respon-
sible for such un-American propaganda.
After seeing what has happened to
the National Council of Churches, after
seeing the kind of leadership the Ameri-
can Bar Association has recently been
willing to accept, and after seeing the
infiltration or seizure by leftwing forces
of so many solid old American organi-
zations which should have remained
among our strongest bulwarks against
the collective advance, we are no longer
surprised at anything. But lack of sur-
prise should not mean complacency.
If the leftists have permeated the staff
of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce to the
extent indicated-or purposely been
placed on that staff during the recent
liberal administration-the informed and
patriotic members of the American busi-
ness community still do not have to take
it lying down. And those who will stand
up and fight now, in any particular com-
munity, will find that they are not alone
but have allies doing the same in a great
many other places as well. Such coor-
dination, is one of the primary func-
tions of the John Birch Society in gen-
eral, and of this part of this bulletin in
particular.
BUDGET DIRECTOR BELL DEFENDS
ADM]:NISTRATION'S FISCAL POL-
ICIES
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, I
have just received a letter from the
Budget Director, Mr. David Bell, setting
forth with somewhat more precision
than, previously the economic policy
position of the administration.
Because of the significance of Mr.
Bell's reply, I ask unanimous consent
that his response and my questions pro-
voking his response be printed in the
RECORD at this point.
There being no objection, the informa-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
Senator PaoxMIRE. On page 11 of your
statement, at the end of the third para-
graph, you say, "The relevant criterion in
determining the desirability of a proposed
use of resources for a public purpose is its
value to the country in comparison to the
value of using the same resources for
other purposes, public or private."
It seems to me that this statement raises
au enormously important philosophical
question. The statement seems to imply
that there should not be a presumption,
and a strong presumption, on the side of
using resources for private rather than pub-
lic purposes. I feel that In a system of
freedom, the presumption should always
be clearly and emphatically on the side of
freedom as compared with public action.
At the same time, I have been perfectly
ready and willing to vote and work and
speak for public action where I think the
case can be clearly made: Nevertheless, the
presumption, in my judgment, In our free,
private enterprise system, should be on the
side of private use of resources.
Does your statement on page 11, as
quoted, contradict this viewpoint and mean
that there is In your administration's view
no presumption on the side of private, as
compared with public, use of resources?
Budget; Director BELL. I agree entirely that
in our free, private enterprise system, the
presumption should be on the side of pri-
vate use of resources. Only where, as you
say, "the case can be clearly made," Should
public action be undertaken-or, as my
statement said, where the: desirability of a
proposed use of resources for a public pur-
pose clearly exceeds the value of using the
same resources for private purposes.
Senator PROxmrim on page 10 of the "De-
tails in Support of the Statement of the
Director of the Bureau of the Budget," In
discussing budget changes under "Agricul-
ture and agricultural resources," you say In
part, "The largest increases are $225 million
in Commodity Credit Corporation expendi-
tures under the new feed grain legisla-
tion * ? ?."
This surprises me, since the Secretary of
Agriculture came before the Senate Agri-
culture and Forestry Committee, of which
l: am a member, and contended that the
new feed grain bill would save hundreds
of millions of dollars. The Senate Agricul-
ture Committee was convinced that this
legislation would conserve roughly $500 mil-
lion in obligations that would otherwise be
incurred by the CCC. Members of the Sen-
ate Agriculture Committee so stated in our
report to the Senate on the feed grain bill.
This Is one of the reasons, and one of the
most important reasons, why the feed grain
bill was passed.
It is easy to understand why this saving
would not be realized for a period of years.
In fact, the Secretary was at pains to ex-
plain that this saving would be realized over
a period of perhaps as much as 10 years,
At the same time, it is very difficult to un-
derstand. why this particular legislation
should have resulted in an Immediate in-
crease of $225 million in CCC spending.
Can you give me an explanation of this?
Budget Director BELL. The increase of
$225 million in Commodity Credit Corpora=
tion expenditures in 1961. results from the
provision in the feed grain legislation which
authorizes up to a 50 percent partial pay-
ment to producers In advance of determina-
tion of performance. Under this authoriza-
tion, the Department of Agriculture will
make such advance payment to the producer
as soon as he signifies that he will cooperate
in the program. However, It. Is expected
May 8
that these payments will be offset in later
years, as you suggest.
Senator PROXMIRE. On pages 13 and 14
of your principal statement, you argue for
compensatory spending and retrenchment
designed, to stabilize the economy by ex-
panding public Spending in a slack time,
and contracting it in flush periods.
You give several specific examples of ex-
penditures which should not be so adjusted.
Defense is one, enforcement activity is a se-
ond. No examples were given of govern-
mental activities which are subject to
speeding up and slowing down. I would
appreciate it very much if you could supply
me with. specific governmental work which
can be regulated this way, and if you could
give me the approximate time between (a)
a Presidential decision and time job-provid-
ing activities could actually begin; (b) a
Co:og:ressional decision and the time actual
work would begin on. the job.
I note that your statement does not con-
tend that this governmental activity should
depend upon economic forecasting. It does
incicate that this governmental activity
should be based .on the actual economic con-
ditions existing at a particular time.
Although I consider the course you take in
your statement the wisest, as I have little
faith in economic forecasting, still it seems
to m.e that there must necessarily be at
least an element of economic forecasting
involved unless you can show that substan-
tial projects can be put into effect almost
instantaneously.
Would It not be better to strengthen our
aucornatic spending and revenue stabilizers
such as unemployment compensation and
income taxes, rather than to time govern-
mental purchasing and hiring on the feeble
and uncertain reed of economic prediction?
Also, you state on page 14 of your principal
statement, "But steps to speed up public
expenditureprograms must always be taken
wish due care, lest waste and inefficiency
result." Can you give me examples of specific
public expenditure programs which can in
fact be speeded up or slowed downs without
significant waste or inefficiency from the
standpoint either or requiring additional
spending or postponing a needed service?
Budget Director BELL. Several interrelated
questions are asked here. It might be well
to begin an answer by noting, as pointed
out In my statement, that the increase or
decrease of Federal expenditure programs
for the purpose of offsetting business cycle
movements can be accomplished only within
limits. And such actions should be care-
fully evaluated to assure that they will not
result in waste or Inefficiency. The magni-
tude of the desired adjustments depends in
part on the economic conditions at the time
in question. Moreover, whether the timing
of an activity could be properly adjusted
would depend on a variety of circumstances,
including the state of agency planning and
programing, the extent to which agency
programs have been retarded by lack of
funds, and the availability of financing at
the particular time when the adjustment is
required. Examples of activities cannot be
given merely by citing certain general classes
or types of Government operations. How-
ever, some of the experience this year can
be specifically cited.
First, some actions which were taken ad-
m:.nistratively, within available funds, are
(1) the speedup in payments of veterans'
life insurance dividends and of tax refunds,
(2) the expansion and improvement of sur-
plus food distribution to the needy, and (3)
the acceleration of farm housing and direct
veterans' housing loans (including speedier
processing of applications on hand partly by
shifting assignments of agency personnel)
from. funds already authorized,. Moreover,
in February, the President requested each
Federal department and agency to review its
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Or any other aggression, when made upon
nations of the free world. It is committed,
too, to act in its own self-defense against
Communist aggression.
PROBLEM OF PROCEDURE
The question is when and how is the Na-
tion to act on such commitments. Only a
couple of weeks ago the country was faced
with the Cuban problem, and whether to
go all out-with arms if necessary--to aid
the Cuban rebels against the Communist-
dominated regime of Fidel Castro. It does
not help matters now to say that, of course,
if we wanted to, we could have run over
Castro. We didn't. As of today, no plan
has been advanced by the Kennedy admin-
istration for dealing with this Communist
government, the first set up in the Western
Hemisphere, and only 90 miles from our
shores. The Senate Foreign Relations Sub-
committee has been told there is no present
plan for any operations against the Castro
government-but that if Castro moves
against our naval base at Guantanamo, our
Armed Forces will be used.
Senator FULBRIGHT, chairman of the full
Foreign Relations Committee, has said the
invasion was a blunder for which the White
House, the CIA, the Defense Department, and
the State' Department must bear responsi-
bility. No one should expect the President to
declare his intention of using armed force
against Castro and the Communists in
Cuba-certainly not until he is ready to do
so-or until after the action has been taken.
In the meantime, the American people are
kept waiting to learn what, if anything, is to
be done about Communist Cuba. There has
been no unwillingness on the part of the
people as a whole. There has been suspicion,
however, that some of President Kennedy's
advisers have taken a "hang your clothes on
a hickory limb but don't go near the water"
attitude, which may have contributed to the
Cuban fiasco.
QUESTION OF PRESTIGE
The unfortunate part of this whole Cuban
episode, beyond the fact it has resulted in a
firmer Communist grip on the island, lies in
the position it has left us in the eyes of the
world, including the eyes of the other Amer-
ican Republics. What is happening to the
prestige of the United States abroad-pres-
tige that was made an issue in the presiden-
tial campaign of 1960? Democratic spokes-
men, including Mr. Kennedy, spoke again and
again of the loss of prestige under the Eisen-
hower administration. Today, former Presi-
dent Eisenhower, former Vice President
Nixon, and other Republican leaders have
assured President Kennedy they:71il1 support
him in international operations-Cuba and
elsewhere-for the safety of the United States
and the free world. They have not criticized
the President for having failed in the Cuban
affair. They wish the country to show a
united front as a champion of the free world
and an opponent of the spread of commu-
nism.
Mr. Kennedy has taken a firm position in
all his pronouncements and messages to the
Communist leaders. He cannot afford, how-
ever, to have another "Cuba." It may be
that in his Chicago speech and other state-
ments about the perils confronting the
United States and the sacrifices he has been
hardening up the American people. He
may be correct in saying they are their own
worst enemy because they are unwilling
"to do what must be done." But there is
one sure thing-they have not been put to
the test in this administration.
President Kennedy served gallantly in the
Second World War. Like his predecessor,
General Eisenhower, he is a strong advocate
of peace. He realizes that we can lose the
peace as well as war if we show weakness
and unwillingness to do what must be done.
The people will do neither if he provides
the leadership of which he is capable.
Polish Constitution Day
SPEECH
OF
HON. FRED SCHWENGEL
OF IOWA '
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 3, 1961
Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, on
the 3d of May, 170 years ago, in 1791,
the Polish Constitution was proclaimed.
George Washington, a man acquainted
with constitutions and the meaning of
liberty, write to a friend:
Poland "' ? appears to have made large
and unexpected strides toward liberty * * s,
Large indeed were the strides, for the
Polish Constitution was not just another
ill-conceived and ill-drafted legal docu-
ment, the like of which the world has
seen too often. It was a monument to
man's capability to rise above petty strife
and self-seeking and establish a basis
upon which liberty and human dignity
might endure. Almost 2 centuries after
this Constitution was drafted, it con-
tinues to be recognized as one of the
major accomplishments of Western so-
ciety, ranking with the British and
American Constitutions.
The Polish Constitution was born not
of abstract thinking but of the national
virtue of courage, the ability to realize
the misfortune of her geographic loca-
tion and to heal the wounds of previous
strife. The misfortune of her location
between the aggressive neighbors of
Russia and Prussia was soon to press
again on the Poles. Barely a year after
the Constitution was established, Rus-
sian troops invaded Poland to put an end
to the "dangerous novelty" of a Consti-
tution which provided liberty. Poland
resisted as best she might, but did not
prevail. Such has been the tragedy and
the heroism of Polish history.
To some Americans, and some of our
younger Americans, Poland has seemed
a long way off and 1791 a long time ago.
But Poland was not a long way off when
our own Nation fought for its liberty in
the 18th century. Poles with their at-
tachment to liberty were among us then
and their courage stood us well.
Casimir Pulaski was the most notable of
these. A Polish noble who had fought
for liberty at home and had been thrust
penniless into exile, Pulaski offered his
services to General Washington. In the
new America, Pulaski brought a skill
most needed-the knowledge and ability
to organize and direct calvary. He is
properly remembered as the "Father of
American Cavalry." But he brought
more than skill. He brought a dedica-
tion to liberty and a knowledge that lib-
erty for men is indivisible. He died in
battle for American liberties in the
knowledge that no man is fully free until
man everywhere is free. He brought to
Americans the knowledge that we did not
struggle alone but together with men
throughout the world.
In our times, Poland again, as
throughout too much of her history, does
not know liberty but knows the struggle
for it. It is vital that the United States
retain Pulaski's knowledge that liberty is
indivisible and that we do what we can
to paid Poles in their present hour of
need. The task is neither simple nor
easy, but we do have a definite opportu-
nity in our foreign aid to Poland.
Our modern aid to Poland began in
1957 after the Gomulka government had
indicated some ability to move out from
under the closest and most complete So-
viet control. President Eisenhower
clearly recognized the difficulties in pro-
viding assistance to a nation under a
Communist government in these words:
We do not demand of thesg governments
their adoption of any particular form of
society as a condition of our, economic as-
sistance. Our one concern is that they be
free-for their sake and for freedom's sake.
In this framework, our Government
proceeded to provide Poland with our
surplus farm commodities, notably cot-
ton, wheat and edible oils. These were
paid for in Polish currency deposited to
the credit of the United States in Poland.
A small loan for the purchase of machin-
ery, farm equipment and fertilizers was
negotiated. In return for this initial as-
sistance, the Polish Government agreed
to reopen the question of claims of U.S.
citizens for property seized by the Com-
munist regime after World War II. In
1960, the Warsaw government agreed to
set aside some $49 million to meet these
claims.
Our assistance in surplus agricultural
commodities has continued and as of
the present the United States holds some
$400 million in Polish money resulting
from the sale of these commodities.
This money is frozen within Poland and
cannot be converted into dollars and a
proposal is under consideration at pres-
ent to use much or part of it within
Poland on projects approved by the
United States. They would be projects
designed to improve the economic situa-
tion of the Polish people. It is a fashion
in which our country can make a con-
tribution to the eventual liberty of Poles
and Poland.
Poland still knows and knows well the
misfortune of her geographic location
next to a rapacious neighbor. But the
Polish virtue of courage quite clearly
has not been lost and the United States
must never lose sight of it.
i i ne , ohn Birch 0 ciety
) EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. LEE METCALF
OF MONTANA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, May 8, 1961
Mr. METCALF. Mr. President, the
other day Mr. A. B. Guthrie, Jr., prize-
winning author of best sellers about the
American West-"The Way West," "The
Big Sky"-made the following comment
about the John Burch Society in a let-
ter to the Great Falls Tribune of Great
Falls, Mont.
I ask unanimous consent to have the
letter printed in the. Appendix of the
RECORD.
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 1961 Approved For gg@3 Mt0R ftnPS>~~ WYLO200110008-4 A3159
evasion. We can never respond by panic.
For no strength is born of fear.
We can respond only by acting-ourselves
and with our allies-in a manner both ma-
ture and imaginative, to show the world the
capacity of free nations to think anew and
to act together.
Major-Aspects of World Crises-The
Challenge of Peace
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ALEXANDER WILEY
OP WISCONSIN
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, May 8, 1961
Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, yester-
day, I was privileged to review major
aspects of world crises in an address over
radio station WGN, Chicago.
I ask unanimous consent to have the
text of the address printed in the Ap-
pendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the excerpts
were ordered to be printed in the REc-
ORD, as follows :
EXCERPTS OF ADDRESS PREPARED Pon DELIVERY
BY HON. ALEXANDER WILEY, REPUBLICAN, OF
WISCONSIN, OVER RADIO STATION WGN, CHI-
CAGO, ILL., MAY 7, 1961
Friends, the world-and we, as Americans-
today are faced with serious issues which
affect our progress, our survival, and the
future of mankind.
The establishment of peace-or at least a
climate in which differences among nations-
can be accommodated or negotiated-still re-
mains as the No. 1 challenge.
If this can be accomplished successfully,
the world may progress to new, unparalleled
heights of good living for all people.
If we fail, however, the erupting conflicts
could well wreak catastrophe upon humanity.
In such tumultuous, complex times, then,
the grave questions which require realistic
answers include :
Can we stop the Reds without a global war;
can we create machinery for resolving the
great differences between East and West; can
we encourage respect for, and adherence to,
international law-not tolerate lawlessness,
as now committed by the Communists?
Today, Mr. Khrushchev and his hench-
men--now controlling about 1 billion people,
or one-third of the earth's population-are
throwing more manpower and resources into
battle for attaining the ultimate goal of
communism: that of world conquest.
What can we do about it? .
First, as a leader of the free world, we have
a great responsibility for providing not only
the military power, but also the political-
economic-ideological leadership to combat
the Red offensive.
Second, the free world alliances-NATO,
SEATO, ANZUS--need to assume a greater
role of leadership in their areas of the world.
This includes:
Creating military forces adequate to com-
bat Communist penetrations by force; de-
veloping more effective programs to meet the
nonmilitary needs of the people-particu-
larly the less-developed have-nots.
Third, we need to take a new analytical
look at the role of the United Nations in
world affairs.
This would involve the following:
1. Providing a United Nations military
force to more effectively meet obligations in
troubled areas.
2. Take measures to assure that the mem-
bers meet their financial and other obliga-
tions-not shove off more of the burden on
Uncle Sam.
3. Stop the Communists from using the
U.N. as an international forum for propa-
ganda.
Time after time, the United States and
other non-Communist nations find them-
selves-unjustly, in many cases-as defend-
ants against false and irresponsible charges
by the Reds.
This should be stopped.
Unless we fight back more effectively, how-
ever, we can expect to fail-in the future,
as in the past-to win battles in the court
of world opinion.
NEEDED: GREATER NATIONAL UNITY
Now, how can we, as individual citizens,
best face: these challenges?
At this time in history, we need greatness,
unity, dedication, and leadership and fol-
lowership, to win the global battle against
communism-as well as to fulfill the grow-
ing domestic, peaceful needs of a fast-ex-
panding population.
In these critical days, there is no time
for:
Unwarranted political sniping: headline
seeking, at the cost of national prestige or
policy; for defeatism or passitivity; or isola-
tion or disillusion.
Rather, this is a time for stiffening our
backbone, for reinvigorating the moral and
spiritual, as well as the manpower and ma-
terial strength of the Nation.
Then, we need to take a new, hard look
at our domestic and foreign policies. The
purpose would be to determine how or
where these may be failing to effectively
meet the challenges.
The new administration has had its bap-
tism of lire, in Cuba and Laos. The results
are today's headlines-regrettably not fa-
vorable.
Nevertheless, the task now is to learn
a lesson; to revamp, as necessary, our poli-
cies; and to go forward in a united effort
to meet the global threat to our security
and freedom.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. PAUL FINDLEY
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 8, 1961
Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, the Na-
tional Education Association, consisting
of public school teachers, has endorsed
Federal aid to education. Some people
assume from this fact that all teachers
are like-minded.
Such is not the case. For example,
here is a communication from a group
of public schoolteachers in my district:
CAMP POINT, ILL., April 17, 1961,
Hon. PAUL FINDLEY,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR Us. FINDLEY: Contrary to the stand
taken by the delegates of the Mississippi Val-
ley Division of IEA-Illinois Education
Association-we the undersigned, all of whom
are teachers in Unit District No. 3, Adams
County, Ill., are opposed to Federal aid to
education for the following reasons:
1. It will lead to Federal control of our
schools.
2. It does not offer any solution to the
present problem of Our schools.
3. It will only be a tax burden without
any justification..
4. We believe that the Federal Govern- IL
ment should not interfere in problems which
are the concern of the local government.
Sincerely,
Elizabeth J. McCoy, Carl C. Clapper;
Virg::nia Henricks, Vivian Hufnagel,
L. O. Romero, W. A. Harris, David L.
Allen, Harold H, Sickles, Robert March,
Jose ih L. Wartick, Howard L. Carter,
Ethel Blentlinger, Helen Wickliffe,
Curtiss Sherman, Harry Elbe, Larry L.
Westerman, Gladys Evans, Gene Par-
ker, Marion L, Magill.
This communication contains the sig-
natures of 113 percent of the teachers at
Central High School, Camp Point,
Adams County, Ill.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
OF NEw YORE:
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 8, 1961
Mr. DEROLNIAN. Mr.. Speaker, we
await the leadership of our President
and the answers asked by Mr. Gould
Lincoln in his article that appeared in
the Washington Star:
THE POLrrICAI, MILL-KENNEDY HARDENING
UP THE PEOPLE:
(By Gould Lincoln)
Now tt.e American people are being
blamed-for what? For not being willing
to do what must be done to check the drive
of world communism-to win the cold war.
President Kennedy said as much in his re-
cent address prepared for delivery in Chi-
cago.
"Our greatest adversary,"' the President
wrote, "is not the Russians. It is our own
unwillingr.ess to do what must be done."
Why is the President so sure the American
people are unwilling to do what must be
done? In the first place, they have not
been told xb.at they must do-except to sac-
rifice.
Was the President referring only to finan-
cial sacrifices--to an outpouring of more and
more money to be collected in taxes by the
Federal Government? If so, the people have
been put orl notice. The Kennedy domestic
program, if fully implemented by legislation
for all kinds of social welfare, will demand
more and more of the people's income. BLit
even in his tax program the President has
asked for certain remission of taxes to meet
certain tax increases.
Of court:, more money will be needed by
the Fedel al Government for meeting the
Russian c'Iallenge in space, in missiles and
in their ability, along with their Chinese
allies, to conduct "limited wars." Is the
President sure that the people will oppose
such expenditures if they have to pay for
them? There has been no reason to believe
that the Congress, or the people will resist
necessary expenditures for the security of
the United States.
Or was the President referring to an un-
willingness on the part of the people to
fight a war'? The people quite naturally avant
peace-but not at any price. They have
never in their history failed to make the
sacrifices necessary when this country has
become involved in war. The United States
is committed In many parts of the world
to aid in repelling Communist aggression,
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There being no objection, the letter
was otdered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
To the EDITOR:
Mournful memo to members of the John
Birch Society: there are more witch-hunters
than witches.
Elsewhere some few but noble trophies
have been taken-the Eisenhower witch, the
Dullgs witch and the Warren witch, who
will be stuffed and mounted on their broom-
sticks as proof to our descendants of our
prowess. Record specimens though they are,
they aren't enough. For most of us the
pickings are too slim. Our men go out
with full hearts and come back with empty
game bags.
This situation can't be tolerated.
There are things we can do right here in
Montana. As a first step let's forbid hunting
in our state to such notorious poachers as
the Federal Bureau of Investigation and the
House Un-American Activities Committee.-
They are better armed than we and know
better where good hunting is Montana for
Montanans!
As a second step, let's organize a local arm
of government roughly like the Fish and
Game Commission, one dedicated to the
proposition that our witching grounds shall
satisfy our hunters.
Matter of fact, maybe the John Birch
Society is serving just that purpose.
A. B. GUTHRIE, Jr.
GREAT FALLS.
Nixon's First Hundred Days
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
Or NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, Mat' 8, 1961
Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, I
should like to include in the Appendix of
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an editorial
on Richard Nixon's days, since the
changeover in administration, as it ap-
peared in yesterday's New York Herald
Tribune :
Nixon's FIRST HUNDRED DAYS
While we are all down with this "first
hundred days" fever let us not overlook
Richard Nixon. On the sidelines doesn't
necessarily mean out of the headlines for
a man who pursues a political career with
the assiduity of the former Vice President.
The start of the Kennedy administration
has meant for Mr. Nixon the start of 'a pri-
vate law practice. And more, it has been
a period of orientation and trial for him in
the dual role of defeated candidate and Re-
publican leader. In both capacities he has
shone.
As defeated candidate he has conducted
himself with statesmanlike restraint. He
did indulge in a blast when Secretary of the
Interior Udall tried to pin the Cuban fiasco
on the Eisenhower administration. He
called it "cheap and vicious," which it was,
but annoyance with Mr. Udall in recent
weeks has been neither an isolated nor par-
tisan occurrence.
Mr. Nixon's appreciation for the difficul-
ties and dangers of the American Presidency
have prompted him to speak up at the right
time, and keep his counsel to himself at
others. A wire of Presidential gratitude
from Mr. Kennedy bears witness. We trust
this message to the defeated candidate was
written with proper humility by the victor splendid lectures to their admiring students
who said so much so bluntly and with such or who have written books and magazine
cocksureness during the campaign about the articles winning plaudits from many intel-
need to correct so many errors of the past lectuals and book reviewers. But most of
administration. them have lived, relatively speaking, in the
As a Republican leader these first hun- ivory tower of theory and have -associated
dred days or so have found Mr. Nixon busily principally with other people who shared
looking for Republican talent for the future, their theoretical thinking. Diplomacy and
diligently prodding his party to greater ef- affairs of state, these days in particular, re-
fort, sharply reminding his fellow work- quire a tense of sometimes ruthless reality.
ers that with the right kind of planning Perhaps the uneducated Nikita Khrushchev
the future need not be bleak. On his own could serve as the best example of what
horizon are a number of office-seeking pos- modern diplomacy must cope with.
sibilities, including the governorship of Cal- In the 3 months since Mr. Kennedy took
ifornia as well as the most coveted of them office amid the loud approval, not only of
all. That barely evaded his grasp last year. the American people, but also of the rest
But the elemental clue to Mr. Nixon's at- of the world, we have lost more ground in-
titude is to be found in his decision to make ternationally than in the last 10 years. Mr.
a series of speeches summing up the events Kennedy, energetic, personable, articulate
of his first 3 months out of office. This and full of the best intentions, makes an ex-
action bespeaks a Nixon anxious to apply cellent impression on nearly everybody. His
his talents to the rebuilding of the Reptlbli- television appearances are described as non-
can Party. pareil. But in these trying days, when West-
Mr. Nixon's "first hundred days" found ern civilization is on the brink, more than
him retiring gracefully from official life and that is required-a maturity, if not of the
then springing back unofficially, almost un- Chief Executive himself, at least of those
noticed, to the political arena where he feels who surround him so closely.
so much at home. It is in this that he has failed. The enor
bl nders of the last 3 months are the
s u
One Hundred Days of "Ripening"
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. H. R. GROSS
moo
result of . the lack of realism and maturity
of his entourage. The speeches and declara-
tions made by the Chief Executive are inspir-
ing, forthright and strong. But they are
never followed by action.
For instance, powerful words were ex-
pressed when the Russians Initiated the Lao
crisis. To back up his words, a carrier and
two destroyers were ordered to Saigon from
Hong Kong. But all knowing quarters in
Washington expressed confidentially the be-
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES liar that these were mere gestures and that
Monday, May 8, 1961 we would never actually intervene. Further,
the Lao crisis actually was a Russian-
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, in view of American affair. Yet we accepted Britain
the serious blunders that have marked as our middleman. The cease-fire agreement
the course of this Nation in recent between Moscow and London came into ef-
weeks, it is not amiss to recall some fect only weeks after it was first proposed,
of the warnings of less than a year ago. when the Russian-backed Communist Lao
already had taken the most important stra-
When the then Senator Kennedy was tegic points. It Is an open secret that we
gearing to capture the Democrat Na- accepted the terms demanded by the Soviets.
tional Convention and the presidential The fiasco in Cuba was one of the most
nomination, former President Harry monumental blunders ever committed by our
Truman said: frequently faltering diplomacy. Not only
was the whole operation, directed from
Senator, are you certain that you are quite Washington in its initial phases, all wrong,
ready for the country or that the country but we announced before it occurred that
is ready for you in the role of President in we would not give it the backing without
January 1961? I am greatly concerned and which it could never succeed.
troubled about the situation we are up It was folly to imagine that a group of 1,500
against in the world now and in the im- men could succeed against Fidel Castro's
mediate future. That is why I would hope forces, 100 times as big and supported by
that someone with the greatest possible MIG's and Russian tanks, all manned by
maturity and experience would be available crews from Poland, Czechoslovakia, and pre-
at this time. sumably China. Moreover, it was foolish
And former Secretary of State Dean planning to land the would-be rescuers of
Acheson said: Cuba on only one strip 400 feet deep and
Too young * * * still a very young man half a mile long. Those conversant with
He needs to ripen. such operations say that to make a suc-
and uninformed. cessful movement it was necessary to choose
The following article in the Wash- several beaches on the more than 2,000-mile
ington Evening Star, by the columnist, coastline of Cuba. It is highly 'doubtful
Constantine Brown, is in the nature of that the operation was planned by our mill-
s further warning that the "ripening" tary, who have had such an excellent record
for landings in World War II and in Korea.
process can be still more costly: Finally, the immaturity of Mr. Kennedy's
The first 3 months of the Kennedy admin- advisers, whom he appears to follow closely,
istration have come to an end with America once more was demonstrated in the Algerian
at its lowest ebb in many years so far as in- crisis, when the Chief Executive offered
ternational prestige Is concerned. Mistakes President de Gaulle of France all our sup-
have followed mistakes. port, including the use of our 6th Fleet
While the Chief Executive has assumed and Armed Forces in Europe. It apparently
sole responsibility for what has happened in was not realized that no French leader, any
at least three corners of the world. there is more than an American or British, would
no doubt that his intimate advisers have let foreign troops intervene in a purely na-
more than an equal share of responsibility. tional and domestic affair. There is no doubt
These men, almost without exception, are that General de Gaulle would have preferred
learned and studious economists, historians to go down to defeat rather than permit f or-
and scientists who have been able to deliver eign soldiers to shoot at Frenchmen.
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 A3162 Approved For Relea6 LVs1 fl(1 ;ACLI p 0034$$9 D1R110008-4 May 8
The Communist Technique
,EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 8, 1961
Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, Con-
stantine Brown, in his article as it ap-
peared in the Washington Evening Star
on May 4, shows excellent insight into
the climate of the diplomatic world, as
created by the U.S.S.R.:
KNOWING TUE. MINI? OF KHRUSHCHEV-LES-
SON OF HITLER HELD STILL BEFORE US, AS
PEACE DEPENDS ON ONE MAN
(By,Constantine Brown)
Shortly before taking office as President
Kennedy's new Ambassador to the United
Nations, Adlal E. Stevenson remarked that
the chief task of the new administration in
international affairs was to knowthe mind
of Nikita Khrushchev.
It is a sad commentary on the precarious
state of the world that war or peace, in
effect, must depend on the fallible mind
of one "man. All the decencies and aspira-
-tions of the peoples of the world could
amount to nothing' if, for example, Mr.
Khrushchev for reasons known only to him-
Self were to decide suddenly that nuclear
war was the best way in which to achieve
whatever it is he seeks to achieve.
The lesson of Adolf Hitler is still before
us. Certainly Nikita Khrushchev is fully
as capable, and as powerful, as the Nazi
megalomaniac whose single distorted mind
plunged the world into the maelstrom of
World War II. Today's world can only hope
that the mind of Mr. Khrushchev is not
afflicted with fantasy.
But regardless of the state of one man's
mind, the fact remains that the United
'States and the free world will have to de-
pend on negotiation and palaver, measure
and countermeasure, yielding and stiffening,
to keep a precarious peace in existence be-
tween the two giants of the world.
Precisely here is the real trouble of the
West. The Soviet Union has demonstrated
time and time, again that the Communists
will negotiate only when the outcome is
predictable, which means a Red victory
every time. Sometimes the Communist gain
may be a relatively minor one; sometimes
It will be a whopper. But gain there will
be, and all the little ones add up to great ad-
vantage sooner or later.
Settling the thorny problemof little Laos,
for example, by negotiations can bring noth-
ing but a substantial gain for the Commu-
nist world. The cards the negotiators will
be using are already a marked deck, because
Communist and pro-Communist military
forces are already in control of the strategic
heart of Laos.
This Is only a sample, but it conforms to
the unsual Communist techniques. Nego-
tiations will, of course, preserve the peace of
the world for the time being, but the West
inevitably will be yielding position. In the
chess game of international politics, position
Is everything.
Basically, to negotiate with the Commu-
nists must ingolve a clear understanding of
Communist philosophy, tactics and strategy.
or a Western diplomat to negotiate with a
Communist without having a definite insight
into the Communist ways of thought is to
guarantee a major defeat even before the
parleys begin.
The fundamental technique of Communist
aggression Is, first, the creation of a crisis
in which Communist force is either presently
active, as in Laos, or implied, as in Berlin.
The crisis is then whipped, agitated,
exacerbated and irritated until it becomes a
major threat to world peace. Immediately
there is a cry for negotiations "to settle the
issues peaceably." The Moscow propaganda
machine picks up the Western hue-and-cry,
and endorses these "peace lovers" who are
urging their "warmongering" politicians to
seek a peaceful solution.
Sooner or later, the pressures begin to tell.
There are tentative approaches to a parley,
and the initial Soviet response is invariably
a qualified, conditioisal acceptance. The
machinery grinds on until a date and a
place are set for negotiations. By the time
they are ready to begin, the Soviet position
has been so well consolidated that about all
the West can do is to accept the fait accom-
plt, and hope that the Communists do not
press their advantage too hard.
Moscow negotiates on its own terms,
whether the issue be Laos or Berlin or dis-
armament or 'a nuclear test ban. The
Kremlin is always ready to sign an agree-
ment for peaceful solution of any crisis, so
long as the settlement is made on Moscow's
terms.
These are the challenging realities of the
modern world. We must face them in full
understanding of what they are. To do
otherwise is to guarantee disaster.
Kennedy Speech Poses Dilemma
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 8, 1961
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the REC-
ORD, I include the following article from
the San Francisco Chronicle of May 1,
1961, which eloquently speaks for itself:
KENNEDY SPEECH POSES DILEMMA
In his alarmed speech to the newspaper
publishers President Kennedy has given a
dismaying picture of himself as a frightened
leader who would have the press suppress
some of the facts of national life "in the
national interest."
What particular news he would have the
press withhold, or by what standards of self-
censorship, he did not say. Nor did he say
why the present situation is so grave and
urgent as to warrant an appeal for news
suppression.
Until he can illuminate the reasons we see
no cause to modify, our present practice of
responsible news editing. No responsible
editor in the country today will print any-
thing which, in his opinion, is harmful to
the Nation's interest. Mr. Kennedy must be
specific about what it is he wants before
he can hope for compliance with his am-
biguous desires.
These are appallingly ambiguous. The
President referred to the need for far greater
public information and, at the same time, to
the need for far greater official secrecy.
Plainly, these two needs contradict each
other, and the idea that broad government
secrecy and broad public understanding of
government can coexist is a delusion.
The whole modern concept of strength
through secrecy is begotten of hysteria and
panic; secrecy is the weapon of the weak,
the dishonest, the fearful, or the Immature.
In the struggle with communism, we dare
not employ the same means that the secret-
police states us, for if democracy cannot
be allowed to work in the open, then de-
mocracy is drifting toward Its doom,
Is truth against the U.S. Interest.? Should
a democratic -leader expect editors to%desert
their function of responsibly reporting, for
example, what they could discover about the
fiasco of the Central Intelligence: Agency's
direction of the Cuban invasion? Mr. Ken-
nedy seems to long for that; he has raised
the question whether stricter restraints are
not needed to prevent the -details of this
Nation's covert preparations to counter the
enemy's covert operations" from becoming
available to every newspaper reader.
This speech was misleading and unfair in
its implications against the press. It was
not in the :hitherto cool and confident speech-
making style of the President. It would
have been better left undelivered; in charity,
the incident should be considered closed.
SS "Hope"
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. SAMUEL L. DEVIINE
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, Mny 8, 1961
Mr. DEVINE, Mir. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks, I am en-
closi:cg a clipping which appeared in the
Columbus, Ohio, Dispatch on April 14,
1961 relative to the recent tour of Dr.
Walter Haynes on the American hospital
teaching ship, SS Hope:
DR. HAYNES REPORTS---CLAIMS SS "HOPE"
IIUILDS GOODWILL IN INDONESIA
Dr. Walter Haynes is back in his Columbus
office from remote regions of Indonesia, con--
vinced his Hope ship tour scored a few points
for both medical progress and the American
image.
The young surgeon is one of the first doc..
tors to serve aboard the SS Hope, the Amer-
ican hospital teaching ship, serving the
second 2 months of a 4-month tour of duty
he stared with his office partner, Dr. Jack
Tetirick.
Dr. Haynes' tour tobk, him tO the islands
of Indonesia, some of the most remote and
primitive in the world, into contact with
headhunters, strange customs and the
sketchiest kind of medical practice.
He treated patients who had traveled f
days to reach him and did operations never
before performed in some of the areas he
visited. He joined the ship in January at;
Makasar, in southern Celebes, and went with
it to Ambon and Kupang on Timor,
At Ambon, famous as a World War IS
staging area of the Japanese, "we had a
terrific operating schedule," he said.
"Time first thyroid case I did was from the
island of Buru. The patient didn't speak
any Indonesian, and none of the Indonesian
doctors and nurses aboard spoke her dialect.
It was a real test for sign language."
At .E.mpang, "way out at the end," a vet-
erinarian and a male nurse do the medical
work :`or an island population of 500,000.
Some of the patients brought aboard the
Navy hospital ship were from head-hunting
areas, and some of the Hope doctors went
on expeditions into the island.
"Ceram for instance is very primitive,"
Dr. Haynes explained. "They still practice
cannibalism there, but only ceremonially.
They sat only the fingers, heart and tongue."
Since all the Hope ship visitors returned
with these important items intact, "I think
you could conclude," Dr. Haynes conunented,
"that we were received there as friends."
Primary mission of the Hope ship is as a
teaching center, to help local medical per-
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A3138'
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 4
you on your introducing the resolution call-
ing for the establishment of a permanent
Committee on Captive Nations in the House
of Representatives.
We have also contacted our Congressman,
Mr. KowALSKI by letter, and asked him to
support your resolution.
Sincerely yours, , T...
GEORGE 1 USKEWICZ,
President.
A Look at J
EXTENSION OF-REMARKS
OF
I HON. JOHN H. ROUSSELOT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 4, 1961
Mr. ROUSSELOT. Mr. Speaker,
many news sources have not objectively
reported the facts concerning the John
Birch Society. As a member of the so-
ciety, I am anxious that it receive a fair
and just hearing before the American
public. I think the following editorial
from the San Marino Tribune, the lead-
ing newspaper of San Marino, Calif., will
interest those among us who want to
know the truth about the society. Under
unanimous consent, I insert this editorial
in the Appendix of the RECORD:
A Loos AT JOHN BIRCH
Why Is It that partriotism is put on the
defensive in the eyes of good Americans?
Why do Americans question the motives or
tactics of those whose only objective is the
scourging of Communist influence from the
American scene? Who turns American
against American when the success of world-
wide communism is concerned?
Is this attack on patriotism foreshadow-
ing the day when patriots will be called
conspirators against their own government,
and placed under some sort of custody?
In every country where communism has
taken over, the patriots were first consid-
ered controversial and later banded as con-
spirators against their government as it fell
under the control of Reds. It happened in
Cuba, which isn't very far away, and it could
happen In America.
A favorite and effective tactic is to aim a
smear campaign at anyone who is anti-Com-
munist-discredit his political stand by lies
or distortions, and destroy him by public
censure. Those who use this tactic never
answer this man's initial charges, nor do they
ever replace him with another effective anti-
Communist program'Their program is to
smear and destroy.
The John Birch Society is getting a
healthy start throughout the Southland and
throughout the foothills. A program of
positive, patriotic action, it has already at-
tracted the usual smear. Some people who
who have never tried to oppose the Com-
munist threat, and some who have never rec-
ognized the Communist threat that now
stands at their doorstep, are trying to dis-
credit this group without knowing of its in-
tents, its purposes, its methods. Some of
them are becoming the unthinking tools of
forces who oppose the John Birch movement
because it is anti-Communist-a sobering
thought.
The John Birch Society is a challenge to
Americans. It shows them through films
and speeches what the advance of commu-
nism has been. It recalls to their minds
what they already knew but have forgotten-
the events of recent history that have led
America to the brink of disaster. It Invites
Americans to join In an effort to turn the
tide.
There is no coercion in this movement;
there couldn't be.
There are two forces operating in our world
today, capitalism and communism. The
John Birch Society is on the side of capital-
ism. It Is frankly pro-American, pro-
capitalist, and anti-Communist: There isn't
the slightest doubt of its position. Lined
up against the society and others like it are
the Communists, the pro-Communists, the
"do-nothings," the "let's-don't-rock-the-
boaters," the "surrender is better than
death" tub thumpers, and the anti-anti-
Communists. This is quite a group; its pro-
gram for anti-Communist action is no action
at all; their syllabus could have been written
by Lenin.
The John Birch Society has. one more
theory that its detractors refuse to recog-
nize: They feel that the ordinary American
has enough sense to make up his own mind.
Before you allow yourself to be stampeded
by the critics, investigate the John Birch
Society: A growing number of Americans
have done so, and a growing number have
joined its movement toward fundamental
American constitutional government. The
fact that they are under fire, is proof of their
effectiveness.
Crop of Confusion
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CHARLES RAPER JONAS
OF NORTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, May 4, 1961
Mr. JONAS. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the Ap-
pendix, I include an editorial published
in the April 18 issue of the Burlington
(N.C.) Daily Times-News.
This editorial indicates that the activi-
ties of the Department of Agriculture
are not escaping attention of the folks
down home:
CROP OF CONFUSION
President Kennedy remarked the other day
that he hoped farmers would join up with
his new voluntary feed grain plan, thus as-
suring themselves of a good support price
and enabling the Government to save money
on the farm program.
But the Department of Agriculture isn't
content merely to hope that farmers will
volunteer. The Commodity Credit Corpora-
tion (a Government arm) has been busily
dumping corn on the market to drive the
price down and frighten farmers into volun-
teering. This brought about "the sharpest
March decline in 18 years," the Wall Street
Journal reported.
Thus the farmer is warned to,sign up for
supports at $1.20 and for acreage curtailment
or try to survive in a market where the CCC
has proved it can keep the price of corn down
around $1.05.
Already, about 80 percent of Illinois farm-
ers and about 60 percent of Iowa farmers
have seen the handwriting on the crib wall
and signed. What else could they do?
But how about the second part of the ad-
ministration plan-reducing the cost of the
farm program to the Government?
The administration's March revision of the
budget ups the spending of the Agriculture
Department by $658 million-the largest in-
crease outside the Defense Department.
Meanwhile, the National Farmers Organ-
ization is in the midst of a drive to hold
cattle off the market to drive prices up, and
it claims some success.
If the meatpackers were to do the same
thing, they'd be in line for prosecution under
the antitrust laws.
Those who profess to see silver linings in
the cloudy farm policy picture today must
be overlooking some of the realities.
Poland's Constitution Day
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES ROOSEVELT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday; May 3, 1961
Mr. ROOSEVELT. Mr. Speaker, it
was my intention that these remarks,
commemorating Poland's Constitution
Day be included in the RECORD on the
appropriate anniversary day which was
yesterday, May 3. Unfortunately, I was
called away from the floor before I had
an opportunity to include them. It does
not lessen my appreciation of Poland's
continual fight for freedom.
In the lives of all nations there is
always one day tha~more than any other
symbolizes the national spirit. For Po-
land it is her Constitution Day, cele-
brated on May 3 for 170 years this year.
Poland's Constitution Day commemo-
rates the Constitution of 1791. In that
year Poland made a great, almost con-
vulsive effort to free herself from an
outmoded political and social system.
The "4 years' sejm" or Parliament, led
by men of great force of character and
capacity, adopted the Constitution we
celebrate today. It converted Poland
into a limited constitutional monarchy,
with ministerial responsibility and bi-
ennial parliaments. Invidious class dis-
tinctions were abolished. The humble
townsman ihight now own land, or enter
the ranks of state or church, privileges
formerly open only to the gentry, The
protection of law was extended to the
peasants, and serfdom was mitigated
with a view to its eventual abolition.
Absolute religious toleration was pro-
claimed, and provisions for periodical
reform by subsequent parliaments were
also embodied in this Constitution.
But this most liberal and progressive
document was to be short lived. Some
magnates who could not accept the new
order of things sought Russian assist-
ance, and Catherine the Great was only
too happy to oblige, Prussia, a supposed
ally, left Poland in the lurch. Betrayed
but not broken, the tiny Polish Army put
up a spirited resistance, but eventually
the struggle was lost, and the second
partition of Poland took place.
But neither that partition nor the sub-
sequent travails through which Poland
was to pass have ever been able to kill
the spirit of liberty which lives in Polish
hearts. That historic truth is being re-
discovered by Poland's Communist mas-
ters today. Poland's Government may
be 100 percent Communist, Poland's
people are not. Poland's Government
may adopt policies hostile to the United
States, but Poland's people are friendly.
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Ra t.ES IONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX
the captive peoples know that they have not
been forgotten 11; through such a committee
as you have proposed.
Sincerely yours,
HENRY
REGNERY,
President.
'UKRAINIAN CONGRESS COMMITTEE
OF AMERICA, ELMIRA BRANCH,
Horseheads, N.Y., March 25, 1961.
Hon. DANIEL J. FLOOD,
House Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: The Elmira branch of the
Ukrainian Congress Committee .of America
wishes to congratulate you on your Move in
Introducing the resolution calling for the
establishment of a permanent Committee
on Captive Nations in the House of Repre-
sentatives.
These nations constitute a perennial
weakness in the Soviet Union. It is to our
advantage to know these weaknesses and
work to multiply them.
We are writing our Congressman and Hon,
KENNETH B. KEA'rING asking them to sup-
port your resolution.
Very sincerely yours,
WALTER PETRIWSKY,
Chairman.
BYELORUSSIAN-AMERICAN
ASSOCIATION, INC.,
Hawthorne, Calif., April 26, 1961.
Hon. DANIEL J. FLOOD,
U.S. House of Representatives,
House Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEoR SIR: The membership of this organ-
ization and myself wish to express our whole-
hearted support for your proposal to form a
House of Representatives Committee on Cap-
tive Nations which we consider to be a right
step in dramatizing the situation of national
slavery and colonial oppression and exploita-
tion of the various peoples under Soviet-dom-
ination. We believe that the committee will
serve a good purpose by collecting and pre-
senting to the American people and the
whole of mankind the abundant evidence
that the Soviet Union is practicing the crud-
est kind of colonialism in regard to all
non-Russian peoples of the Soviet empire
and the satellite countries.
Our-reasons for supporting the proposal
are as follows:
1. While the West is breaking up empires,
giving freedom to more and more peoples,
to Russian Communists are building one,
reaching out for more and more, right to our
doorstep.
2. While posing themselves as champions
of all Colonial and semicolonial peoples under
Western domination and hypocritically
preaching freedom and self-determination
for these peoples, the Russian Communists
are hard at work in trying to deprive the
non-Russian peoples of the Soviet empire,
which became victims of Russian imperialist
conquests, of their national identities and
finally to wipe them off the map as national
entities.
3. While accusing this country of war-
mongering and imperialism, Khrushchev
shamelessly calls for "liberational wars" and
claims the right for the Soviet Union to
assist (and stir up, of course) any uprising
anywhere in the world, which might advance
supremacy of Russian communism.
.,,This country, unfortunately, has not come
up with,a solution for stemming this Rus-
sian tide. The Congress made a good start
in 1959 by passing a resolution Captive Na-
tions Week. Khrushchev's reaction to this
resolution has showed that the captive na-
tions are a weak and vulnerable spot in the
structure of the Soviet empire. (Captive
nations are a weak spot in any empire; that
is what causes empires to disintegrate as
history has proved it so many times.) But
Western cold war strategists, for some ob-
scure reasons, refuse to exploit this Soviet
weakness. By exposing the Soviets for what
they are, much of the wind will be taken
out of the Soviet sails. The proposed com-
mittee could do a lot in this direction.
Sincerely yours,
JOSEPH
P. ARCIUCH,
President.
CENTRAL COMMITTEE OF
UKRAINIAN ORGANIZATION,
Hon, DANIEL J. FLOOD, Brooklyn, N.Y.
House Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN FLOOD: Our organiza-
tion wishes to congratulate you, on your
bold and. farsighted move In introducing the
resolution calling for the establishment of
a permanent Committee on Captive Nations
in the house of Representatives. Needless
to say, such a committee is long overdue.
One of the greatest problems confronting
our Nation today is the Soviet Union, a
prison house of many nations and peoples.
These nations are ever eager and wanting
to escape Soviet Russian slavery and des-
potism.
A committee on the Captive Nations
would serve as a reservoir of information
and data, on the various enslaved nations
in the U.S.S.R., which information could
be made available to the U.S. Government
and its various agencies. Its main function,
however, would be to inform the American
people and the world at large on the state
of affairs behind the Iron Curtain and as-
sist the Government in formulating its poli-
cies with respect to the captive nations. We
are writing our Congressman, Mr. ANFuso,
asking him to support your resolution.
Respectfully yours,
PETER DUBORVEKI,
President.
JOHN MAKAR,
Secretary.
APRIL 25, 1961.
DEAR M. FLOOD: I have recently noticed
that your resolution, House Resolution 211,
which calls for the creation of a Captive Na-
tions Committee, is presently before the
Rules Committee. I wish to express my full
support of this resolution.
I believe your resolution- is a step in the
right direction in. overcoming the evils of
communism and helping the captive peoples
behind the Iron Curtain. I believe this
resolution will have the full support of the
American people.
Sincerely,
AMERICAN-UKRAINIAN CITIZENS CLUB,
Stamford, Conn., April 12, 1961.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN FLOOD: Our organiza-
tion, the American-Ukrainian Citizens Club
of Stamford, Conn., wishes to express our
congratulations to you. We are glad to
know that. you were farsighted and bold
enough to introduce the resolution for the
establishment of a permanent Committee on
Captive Nations in the House of Represent-
atives. We hope that this resolution will
be acted upon due to your efforts.
We believe that such a committee would
do much for all freedom-loving people'that
are enslaved, especially those behind the Iron
Curtain. This committee would also hell)
to keep Americans Informed of the plight
of these people and countries.
Again you are to be congratulated on your
farsightedness and wish you luck with it.
We are writing our Congressman SIBAL, ex.
pressing our views and asking for his sup-
port of this resolution.
Very truly yours,
A3137
MARQUETTE UNIVERSITY,
Milwaukee, Wis., April 26, 1961.
Congressman DANIEL J. FLOOD,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D. C.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN FLOOD: The Slavic In-
stitute of Marquette University wholeheart-
edly endorses House Resolution 211 dealing
with the establishment of a special Commit-
tee on the Captive Nations.
Our institute has championed the cause of
the captive nations since its organization 11
years ago and feels honored that the Idea, has
been dign_iied by your resolution.
We hope that the bill will meet with the
unanimous approval of the House of Repre-
sentatives.
Very sincerely yours,
ROMAN SMAL--STOCKI,
Director.
ALFRED J. SOKOLNICKI,
Secretary.
UKRAINIAN NATIONAL HOME,
Willimantic, Conn., March 29, 1961.
Hon. DANUZ J. FLOOD,
New House Office Building,
Washington, .D.C.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN FLOOD: The members
of the Ukrainian National Home of Wil-
limantic, Conn., in the name of their presi-
dent, wish to congratulate you on your
presentation of a resolution to the House
of Representatives, calling for the establish-
ment of a permanent Committee on Captive
Nations.
A Committee on the Captive Nations would
furnish basic information and data on the
various nations in the U.S.S.R. It would
inform the world at large and the American
people on the state of affairs behind the Iron
Curtain and aid the Government in forming
its policies with respect to these nations.
We are writing to the State of Connecti-
cut's own Congressman .KONVALSKI, asking
him to support your resolution.
Sincerely yours,
JOSEPH RUDKO,
President.
B YELOR'USSIAN-AMERD.A N
ASSOCIATION, INC.,
New Brunswick, N.J., April 24, 1961.
Hon. DANIEL, J. FLOOD,
House Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: On behalf of the Byelorussian-
American 1Lseociation in New Jersey I wish
to express :,i.ncere congratulations on your
introduction of the resolution for the es-
tablishment of a permanent Committee on
Captive Nations in the House of Repre-
sentatives.
The Soviet Union's goal is to dominate
the world, and. Americans shall know it be-
cause Soviet Russia has become a great im-
perialist peril which threatens all free na-
tions and particularly our country-the
United Staten of America.
Your resolution to create a committee is
a great step in the right direction. It
would serve is an information center on the
enslaved peoples in the U.S.S.R. Our Gov-
ernment needs this information in making
proper policies with respect to the captive
nations and with respect to the security of
the United S ,ates.
With persena.l regards and best wishes, I
am,
Sincerely yours,
SERGIS HUT17CCZYK,
President.
WILLI MANTIC, CONN.,
Hon. DANIEL J, FLOOD,
New House Office Building,
Washington, .D.C.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN FLOOD: Our organiza-
tion, the Ukrainian Youth Association of
Willimantic, Conn., wish to congratulate
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