EXPRESSING THE DETERMINATIION OF THE UNITED STATES WITH RESPECT TO THE SITUATION IN CUBA

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CIA-RDP64B00346R000200140046-9
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Approved For Release 2004/03/31 : 'CIA-RDP64B00346R000200140046-9 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX A7291 Germany. European shoe. repairmen have as to prohibit foreign aid gifts to those attache at Rome was urging the Italian two main advantages over repairmen in this countries which furnish arms, ammuni- Government to force the seamen to sail country, he said. Manufacturers and repair- Lion, or other materials of war to Cuba, the two shf to Cuba. 101kn work together to solve their problems ps there. European shoe repairing has been or whose ships carry supplies to Cuba. The U.S. Department of State has pre- etevated to the status of a profession. This It is sentiment of the U.S. Congress, viously stopped boycotts against Castro ia,,Pecause the best shoe repairmen were 'at least insofar as the House of Repre- shipping out of U.S. ports. gii ed by royalty to make and repair their sentatives is concerned, that Castro and Even though our Government is sup- -kt?ogs, Gardner said. communism in Cuba should receive no posedly pressuring other countries to Foreign shoes on the whole are better encouragement in a continuation of the stop their ships from carrying Russian o trusted since more leather is used, he subjugation of the Cuban people, and supplies to Castro, our officials try to Gardner said. he was impressed with the no aid in building Cuba as a missile base interfere with any attempts to boycott leather dhow which included 840 booths with or operations bastion for Communist Castro's supply line. That alonewould app, 0oo people attending. He carried greet- action against the United States or the cause Khrushchev to harden his belief logs from several organizations and digni- Western Hemisphere, that the United States will not oppose taries to the convention, While in Paris, To express this sentiment, the House the continuation of his takeover in the he had a private interview with the press- so amended the foreign aid appropria- American countries, but in addition to dent of the Paris Chamber of Commerce. tion bill. Now, we find our Secretary of that, there is the latest announcement In his speech,, Gardner traced the de- State objecting to these amendments. that Russia is building a naval base in veiopment of many shoe repair machines and, pointed out that 40 million pairs of In effect, he is saving that it is not in Cuba-and again, no official protest from shoes are imported into the United States the interest of the United States to our Government. The announcement each year.. oppose the Communist military buildup was the construction of a base for fish- "These machines have all but eliminated in Cuba. He would have us continue ing vessels, but it will also accommodate hand-nailing in the shops," he said. "Un- giving aid to foreign lands, that they war vessels and submarines, like European shops, U.S. repairmen are may be in a position to continue aiding The State Department has finally spread out in more shops. in round figures, and abetting Castro and communism. Publicly recognized the Russian takeover we have around 30,000 repair shops," Gard- I certainly in Cuba, but still tier told the delegates. do not want to leave the persists in minimizing lie told of his campaign for labeling shoes, impression only one person is the cause the amount of military support being The labeling guides, will cover labeling in of our dilemma-our same Department furnished, in spite of correspondent's re- general, simulated leather or imitation, con- of State, but under another, Secretary ports of Russian and satellite troops sealed parts, split leather, embrossed and and another administration, was the in- headed by a Russian major general. processed leather, ground or shredded leather, stalling officer in placing Castro, a known Other nations are also beginning to heels, and disclosures in advertising. It will Communist for man share Khrushchev's opinion of America's affect about 800 shoe manufacturers, he said. Y years, in control of ".I feel a man must be proud of his trade Cuba. actions. They have learned there is no and believe he is needed and wanted in That was 4 years ago; the Communist way to appease or reason with a Com- our modern civilization before he will begin regimes of Europe and Asia immediately munist. We certainly should have to advance to the top of his profession," began sending men and supplies into learned it long.ago. Gardner said,, i Cuba, building bases, which has con- The way Khrushchev has taken over ti d nue to the present day. Yet our Gov- in Cuba is an illustration. Four years ernment would not even admit this fact ago, he sent in Czechosl ki , ova ans and v until only a few weeks ago when every- Chinese Reds to build airbases. Even I ssing the Determination of the one already knew it was inf d f . orme o it at the time, as it was United States With Respect to the Sit- And even until this good day, our Gov- well known -I had branded Castro as a uation in Cuba ernment has not once officially protested Communist even before our then State to Khrushchev, or any other govern- Department helped him into control of ment. Cuba. Getting away with that, Khru- SPEECH Under these circumstances, with the slichev now has missile bases, air bases, of Russian arms buildup continuing, is it a naval and submarine base abuilding, HON. JOHN DOWDY any wonder that the U.S. Congress, as and at least 10,000 Reds in Cuba. It is the representatives of the people,-desire no longer Castro's Cuba-it is Khru- oF TEXAS in some way to make their official pro- ' shchev's ."Kuba"-a servile Communist IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES test to Khrushchev, in the absence of satellite. There are now 5,000 well- Wednesday,. September 26, .1962 such a protest from the executive de- armed Communist troops patrolling the The House in Committee of the whole partment: Weak though our protest may boundaries of our naval base at Guan- Ho,ise on the State of the Union had under be, there is no alternative but to support tanamo. And Khrushchev, in his belief consideration Senate Joint Resolution 230, it. Khrushchev must know that the that America now really is too liberal to expressing the determination of the United representatives of the American people defend itself, is daring us to do some- States with respect to the situation in Cuba. do not condone his invasion of our thing about it. He approves of revolu- Mr. DOWDY, Mr. Chairman, the hemisphere and the consequent great tions to overthrow freedom, but brands question of Castro and Cuba is the over threat to our freedom from the naval counterrevolutions to restore freedom riding problem involving the Communist and missile bases in Cuba. as being aggression. Sometimes there is menao b far as the Pnited States it Without some protest from this coun- cause to wonder if our State Depart- menace, a try, it is no wonder that Khrushchev ment officials might have similar beliefs. nc recognize, of course, that the ulti- told Robert Frost, the poet, that Ameri- Spokesmen for our Government sug- ate responsibility for our foreign policy cans have become too liberal to fight to gest the Monroe Doctrine will be applica- mate e responsibility the President, under our Con- protect themselves; neither is it surpris- ble only if Soviet arms in Cuba become lies with The President, of- the United ing that he told Stewart Udall, our Sec- offensive, or if directed against other ;bates has always p lriotf the pitched retary of the Interior, that he was con- American nations. The truth is, the States supported their Presidents when vinced the United States will take no Monroe Doctrine was breached when therein has been a showdown, and wwl en action in opposition to the Soviet Union Cuba was taken over by Russia. Russia So again. in Cuba. regards this as a retreat on our part. Nevertheless, Congress, in representing These stated impressions of Khru- Successive retreats will make Khru- g shchev could only have been magnified shchev bolder, just as happened with Hit- the people, recognizes that it, as well and probably confirmed in his mind by ler more than 20 years ago, when he a&.the individual Members of Congress, two subsequent events. finally decided that England would not ha a right and a duty to express itself The first of these occurred in Italy. fight at all, but would continue to make on matters in which the people are so Italian seaman refused to operate two concessions. vitally interested and concerned. Italian ships which were loaded with We, as Representatives of the people, This is evidenced by the action so Russian and Italian supplies for Castro. must register our protest, and our de- recently taken by the House, in amend- A National Maritime Union official in. terminatIbn to preserve the Monroe ing the foreign aid appropriation hill an New Y rk --1_1 t,_ _ - . . _ . - o that Approved For Release 2004/03/31 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200140046-9 A7292 CONGRESSIONAL RECOED APPENDIX October 3 - th h the courts-to ou il The Result in MissisalpIpi EX"IENSION Or REMARKS 0? HONG. STROM THURMOND OF SOUTH CAROLINA g ar cases r Many a South Carolinian who has enter- and all sim tained a lifelong devotion to the doctrine restore the sovereignty of the State and con- " of the rights of the States is not assuaged by stitutional government. the outcome in Mississippi, an outcome com- Other States, we hope and believe, will pelled by the Federal force they sincerely continue to resist the encroachment on con- deplore. stitutional rights which has become a fixa- The changes decreed for these times hit tion of the present rulers of the country. with particular force in the South. The Race is not the only issue, nor even the most reflex to that in the Southern States is pro- important, though it is emotionally the most portionate. The traditional structure is be- explosive. ing knocked down with force. The South is The issue actually is protection of rights- challenged to adapt on a difficult issue, one human rights, property rights, and the rights more influenced by politics than'the force of States as contrasted with the power of of social justice. The struggle is now in the Central Government at Washington. core of the South as distinguished from the Though political issues are confused today border States. There is a difference, as Mis- in both parties, the demonstration of military sissippi has shown. When the contesting reaches the point of might at Oxford, Miss., may help to shock realization physical force, that of the_ Federal Govern- of the the citizens distance e all down the regions road into that our free ment is overwhelming, as Governor Barnett said in what he will remember as the fate- country has traveled in recent years. Granted that other regions, with less racial ful autumn of the year 1962 . experience than the South, are unsympa- [From the Charleston (S.C.) News & Courier, thetic to Mississippi's objection to even one , Negro on the campus of Ole Miss, Ameri- Oct Oct. 2, 19621 cans everywhere can understand the meaning THE MOB as MISSISSIPPI of a bayonet. Some of the last remnants of Like mob fury everywhere, violence and the Republic died Sunday at Oxford along IN THE ..?l HATE OF THE UNITED ITATES Wednesday, October 3,1961 Mr. TEEURMOND. Mr. President, I have been very impressed with editorial comment i'on the situation in Mississippi as printed in three of South Carolina's leading daily newspapers. The editorials ? from are entitled "The Result in Mississippi , the October 2, 1962, issue of the State,Of Columbia, S.C. ; "TTa Mob in Mississippi ," from the October 3, I issue les- ton he News e Courier o f Charles-, S.C. '; and "Digest of Anarchy, Called Rights,"from the October 2, 1962, issue of the I; reenville News, of Greenville, S S.C. I ask unanimous consent that these editorials be printed in the Appendix of the RECORD. .Therebeing no objection, the editorials were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: [From the Columb196 ]S.C.) State Oct. 2, THE RESULT IN MI5SISs7PPl Overpowering instruments from the store- house of Federal authority have delivered in Mississippi another severe blow to the once respected. rights of the States of the Ameri- can Union. That the effectiveness of this blow was predestined by judicial decisions takes no luster from Mississippi's resistance. Neither does it dim the surviving principle of those elsewhere, who, with so much warrant, de- plore the decline of the States. Et is an- other demonstration of what has happened to this country in the way of accumulated central power, with a corresponding weak- ening of the States. Gov. Ross Barnett, without sur:^endering principle, eventually had to con,ledein Mis- sissippi. Every door to his resistance had been closed, the last by exercise of Federal physical force. He really had no alternative. It couj.ld scarcely have been expected, in view of the strong stand of Missii>sippi's lead- ership and the natural convictions and pas- sions of the people in such a situation, that the change could have been brought about easily. Violence eventually eru;pte3. Some, including individuals from outside Missis- sippi, turned that State's valiance into a vio- lence which had no good result or effect. Mississippi's leadership has ;provided for the history books of the future a page to record a strong and resolved last-ditch try at heading off Federal power. As unhappy as President Kennee.y and his counseling associates may have become over the defiance in Mississippi, they should not gloit in their victory. They would do well to rEexamine the structure of our Union more toler- d think more studiously and an .antly over what has happened to the rights in Mississippi with soldierly discipline and of the States as reflected by the 101h amend- under cover of legality, this frenzied determi- ment. It undoubtedly is not to bo expected nation to run the affairs of local citizens ac- that the Federal ` Government in this, or cording to a popular fad is a form of or- perhapi any, generation will come down from ganized tyranny. The U.S. Constitution was its position on the desegregation cf publicly designed to protect the rights of States and operated educational institutions. But the the sanctity of local self-government. Gov. remembrance of Mississippi sh,ouId survive Ross Barnett, in yielding to overwhelming and tend to temper action in 'instances of power, was right in telling the Federal Gov- the future. ernment that it is trampling on the Con- In this very week hearings will be con- stitution. tinued in the Federal court in they case of a "May God have mercy on their souls," he Negro who has applied for admission to a said in bowing to superior force. "Missis- public segregated college in this State. sippi will continue to fight the Meredith case Pere with integration of Clemson College, which now is defendant in a suit by Harvey Gantt, a Negro engineering student. Mr. Russell has not tried to say what form resistance might take when he is Governor, but he has endorsed the position of the Gressette Committee. This committee has charge of South Carolina's efforts to main- tain separation of the races in the interests of both white and colored citizens. So far it has indicated no softening toward mixed schools. Approved For Release 2004/03/31 : CIA-RDP64B00346R000200140046-9 bloodshed in Mississippi are dreadful to with victims of the mob. behold. Nothing short of bayonets and tear I THE PRESIDENT'S SPEECH gas could quell such fury as followed the President Kennedy's Sunday night appeal smuggling of a Negro onto the campus of to the people of Mississippi, and especially to Ole Miss. The quiet town of Oxford has become the the students of the State university, was a skillful bit of oratory. Had it not been for scene of bloodshed, death and hatred that. the realization that he was the one who or- people everywhere deplore. U.S. troops bat- dered the act that provoked the mob, his tied townsfolk in the streets to restore order. words would carry greater conviction. Had the Mississippi rioters been Algerians fighting the French, or Congo savages Now that the consequences of putting a slaughtering white Europeans, American Negro on the campus have been demon- liberals might have cheered them on. But strated, law-abiding citizens who understand they are freeborn white Americans. Though the emotions and pressures involved can their anger erupted with the same senseless only hope that the Federal Government will violence that sweeps through any mob, their adopt a more moderate position. Mr. resentment has a deep foundation in the Kennedy's expressed desire to handle the history of the Republic. The bayonets that crisis without troops proved ineffectual. are mopping up pockets of resistance in The choice of continuing a campaign to Oxford are the same weapons that hold down enforce integration at the price of internal freedom fighters in Hungary and elsewhere strife is up to the White House. With the in this troubled world. ever-present peril of Cuba confronting the Constitutional niceties are hard to discern President, even sincere integrationists ought when rioters try to kill reporters at the scene to realize that national safety should come of a dramatic conflict. In one case they suc- ahead of what at best is an unproved theory ceeded in snuffing out the life of a news- of sociology. paper man. Ironically he was a foreigner, MR. RUSSELL'S POSITION come to write about the ordeal of a republic In approving Governor Barnett's position now going through the throes of internal in Mississippi, Donald Russell reflects the strife. sentiments of the majority of those who, Bloody resistance to forced integration has voted him in as the next Governor of South been predicted for years by sober South- Carolina. While Mr. Russell was careful to erners. Headstrong politicians who put bloc point out that he is not speaking as a public minority votes ahead of the peaceful admin- official, since he has not even been formally istration of law have provoked this shameful elected, much less sworn in as Governor, his episode. As a late Mississippi editor once expression of personal opinion conforms proclaimed, bloodstains are on the steps of with the prevailing mood of South Carolina. the Supreme Court. The restrained attitude of Gov. Fritz iol- Will helicopters, troops, and marshals suc- lings has raised questions in the minds of teed in forcing Negro students into every outsiders about the feelings of South Car- white school and college of the South? If olinians. The Wall Street Journal last week so, can they keep them there while normal in a summary of southern attitudes said that education proceeds? Is this region to be- both Governor Hollings and "his expected come an armed camp, a zone of occupation successor, Democratic nominee Donald S. by American armies? Russell * * * have taken moderate desegre- The urge to force white southerners to ac- gation stands." cept racial mingling in itself has become a The reference accompanied the prediction