OVERCOMING RISKS AND DISADVANTAGES OF TEST BAN TREATY COSTLY BUT VITAL TO UNITED STATES NATIONAL SECURITY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000100200014-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 3
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: March 1, 2004
• Sequence Number: 14
• Publication Date: January 1, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2006/11/1.1 CIA-RDP65B00383R000100200014-5.
Mare Island Naval Shipyard, Vallejo, Calif.,
Num-
ber
A. Total_________________ 11,035
Negro ------------- 865
Oriental__________393
Other ------------- - 152
Total minority----1 410
B. White collar --------- _ 1, 988
Negro-------------- 36
Oriental ------------ 47
Other------------- 7 .3
C. Blue collar___________ 9,047
Negro_____--__-_-_ 829 9.15
Oriental____________ 350 3.9
Other __--_147 1.6
1. Loss tha_
_n jour-
neyman------- 3,005 _
Negro -______521 17.3?
Oriental ------- 204 6.8
Other____________ 47 1.6
2. Journeyman----- x,507
Negro_________ 184 5.25 _
Oriental_______ 89 2.5
Other_______ ___ 61 1.7
3. Above journey-
man, less
visor -........ 1, 760
than super-
Negro______-__ 120 6.8
Oriental------- 45 2.6
Other__________ 98 5.6
4. First line super-
visor--------- 538 ___ _
Negro--_______ 4 .75
Orient2 4
Other---------- 0
Nu' Per-
becent
10,329 __
894 8. 65
387 3. 75
190 1.84
1, 471 14.2
1, 890 _ _
43 a.3
48 2.5
11 .58
8,439
10. 1
851
339 4.01
179 2. 12
A6115 '-
words "Negroes" and "minority groups," but security of the country depends first, upon
there was no doubt that it referred to the
----- ---.6 ~.?~~~ ucoavub specmcaliy de-
termined to be necessary to meet the "cri-
teria." Any error risking action less than
the minim
um necessary mut b
se scrup
Overcoming Risks and Disadvantages of resolved Positively, u-
be esolv posit
the safe side,ust
Test Ban Treaty Costly but Vital to make certain we adequately flesh-out all the
United States National Security necessary specifics of each of these skeletal
general criteria.
Unfortunately, these specifics will involve
EXTENSION OF REMARKS a considerable effort because of the magni-
or tude of the risks and disadvantages involved.
HON. CRAIG HOSMER You, yourself, on February 7, 1962, de-
de-
scribed an atmospheric treaty without an
OF CALIFORNIA adequate "inspections system" guarding
against preparations for surprise abrogation
29 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES as "extremely vulnerable." The treaty at
533 20.3 Monday, September 30, 1963 hand, of course, has no "inspections system"
200 2.24 Mr. HOSMER. Mr. Speaker, for the at Agall-adequate or ain, on March inadequate.
12, you 295 --- you warned that
183 ---- information of my colleagues, I have if we are to maintain our scientific momen-
92 2.8 156 asked that a copy of my September 24 tuna and leadership, "our weapons progress
64 1.94 letter to President Kennedy, relating to must not be limited to theory or to the con-
fines of l
the a
ti
b
c
a
oratories ad
ons necessary to miii th
nmzeen caves." The treaty
admitted risks and disadvantages of the at hand, of course, does fix such limitations.
1,679 __ At that time you also warn
partial nuclear t
130 ^.
d
t
e
9
es
: in actual
an treaty be
, repro- practice, particularly in a society of free
43 2.6 duced here. The letter is as follows: choice, we cannot keep, top-flight scientists
55 3.3
SEPTEMBER 24, 1963. concentrating on the p'~eparation of an ex-
581 _ ___ - Re reductions of risks and-disadvantages of pcriment which may or may not take place
5 .9 the limited test ban treaty. at an uncertain date in the future. Nor
3 .5 THE PRESIDENT,
1 .2 can large technical laboratories be kept fully
The White House, alert on
a
t
Merit System Violated in Negro Hiring
Policy, Legion Charges
EXTENSION OF
OF
Per-
cent
7.74
3.55
1. 38
12. 8
HON. GEORGE W. ANDREWS
OF ALABAMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, September 30,1963
Mr. ANDREWS. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks, I desire to
insert in the RECORD Mr. Joseph-Young's
column entitled "The Federal Spotlight,"
which appeared in a recent edition of
the Washington Star and refers to a
resolution passed by the American
Legion in convention- with regards to
the hiring and promotions in the Federal
Government.
The article follows:
MERIT SYSTEM VIOLATED IN NEGRO
POLICY, LEGION CHARGES
(By Joseph Young)
The American Legion has condemned Ken-
nedy administration policies in the hiring
and promotions of Negroes in Government.
At its recent convention, the Legion unani-
mously approved a resolution accusing the
administration of attempting to isolate the
merit system in the hiring and promotions
of Negroes.
The Legion declared, "an expedient policy
of attempting to aggressively encourage em-
ployment in the Federal civil service with-
out regard to its rules and regulations con-
stitutes illegal preference and violates the
principles of the merit system."
The Legion urged Congress to investigate
fully the situation, Already a House Civil
Service Manpower Subcommittee has started
an investigation as to whether the adminis-
tration's policies aimed at giving equal Gov-
ernn ent employment opportunities. to Ne-
groes constitgtgs discrimination in reverse-
bypassing better-qualified whites for promo-
tions and appointments.
The Legion acted on resolutions submitted
by its Mississippi and Nevada State depart-
ments. The approved resolution deleted the
s
andby basis waiting for some
Washington, D.C. other nation-to break an agreement. This
DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: Secretary Dean Rusk, is not only difficult or inconvenient-we have
Secretary Robert McNamara, Under Secretary explored this alternative and found it impos-
Roswell Gilpatric, Dr. Glenn Seaborg, you Bible of execution."
and others in your administration have con- Thus, observing your assurances and prom-
ceded that there are risks and disadvantages ises respecting the treaty calls for doing the
in the limited test ban treaty. This conces- difficult and, in addition, what you yourself
sion is implicity from your assurances and have described as the impossible. It will
promises to take steps to reduce the effects surely call for a large expenditure and a large
of these risks and disadvantages upon the effort-much la
rger than St
ecreary Mc-
national security. Namara indicated during his treaty testi-
j
The assurances and promises given have money
For i
t
.
ns
ance hisffhd
b, o-an estimate
een instrumental in obtaining *both Senate of the cost of maintaining a readiness-to-test
and public support for ratification of the posture was $200 million. My -own calcula-
treaty. In this sense, they constitute a tions, detailed below, considerably enlarge
solemn compact between you and the Ameri- this figure.
can people, which must be kept. Unfortunately, also, there appears to be
Amongst the steps to be taken, as out- a line of resistance developing domestically
lined in separate communications each dated against the taking of these vitally necessary
August 23, 1963, to Senator RICHARD B. actions at all. This was hinted in a recent
RUSSELL, chairman, Senate Committee on letter to the editor of the New York Times
Armed Services, from Under Secretary Gil- written by the scientists, Dr. Eugene P. Wig-
Patric and Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, chairman ner. It was amplified in a letter to the editor
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, are the follow- of the New York Herald-Tribune by the sci-
ing: entists, Dr. Leo Szilard, who argued that
1. The conduct of comprehensive, aggres- should the vigorous underground testing pro-
sive, and continuing underground nuclear gram be carried out, "then, rather than fur-
test programs. thering the cause of peace, the test ban
2. The maintenance of modern. nuclear agreement would be likely to do just the
laboratory facilities manned by to
-fli
ht Opposite" P
p
g
resumably hia
.s sme reasoning
scientific personnel. also would apply in Opposition to the other
3. The maintenance of facilities and re- three categories of action to which you are
sources necessary for prompt resumption of committed. I note with apprehension that
atmospheric testing in the event of Soviet the thinking of even some of .your official
abrogation of the treaty or should the na- family seems to parallel that of Wigner and
tional security otherwise require, Szilard.
4. The improvement of our capability to Thus, keeping your assurances and prom-
detect treaty violations and Sino-Soviet ises regarding steps to reduce the risks and
nuclear activity, capabilities, and achieve- disadvantages of the test ban treaty will re-
ments. quire, on your part, overcoming the resistance
Unfortunately, these assurances and prom- of some of the very people who work closely
ises have been only general in nature. with you, as well as others who have given
What, specifically, in terms of personnel, ma- you strong and consistent politic, support.
teriel and programs are needed to meet and In determining what, specifically, will have
keep them are yet to be determined. The to be done to meet and keep your assurances
Joint Chiefs' communication defined them and promises, certain fundamental consider-
as "criteria" and added that they were stated ations must be in mind. With respect to
"necessarily in general language since addi- each of the criteria, these include:
tional study will be needed to determine spe- UNDERGROUND TEST PROGRAM
cific standards and programs." Either a community must be built at the
Obviously and regrettably, these specifics Nevada test site for personnel working there,
were not worked out before the treaty was or a rapid transit system from Las Vegas must
negotiated. Had this been done, perhaps the be constructed in order to attract and keep
treaty terms might have been written to topflight perso
l
nne
on the
make them less onerous and less expensive Due to the proximity ofworkboth. the city of
to carry out. In any event, the fundamental Las Vegas and the Hoover Dam to the Nevada
Approved For Release 2006/11/11_: CIA-RDP65B00383R0001QQ2000145'
 Approved For Release 2006/11/11 : GIA-RDP65B00383R000100200014-5
site, there is a limitation on the yield of de-, replaced by a new fleet of approximately 12
vices which can be tested underground there fully equipped aircraft.
wichOUt unacceptable off-site seismic shock A second fleet of three diagnostic aircraft
damage. It will be necessary to, find and de- should be provided in addition to the fleet
velop a second underground testing site for of three aircraft now peing readied. This
high-yield experiments. will provide both a staid-by capability and
Much greater discretion and flexibility in a simultaneous testing capability for air-
scheduling events and conducting tests will dropped experimental devices.
have to be given laboratory and test site Both drop aircraft and rocket vehicles
personnel than was the case during our must be in readiness fqr the delivery of test
1962 test series. At that time, I personally devices.
pointed out to Dr. Jerome Weisner, your Facilities should be provided for con-
science adviser, that his tendency, in your stantly updating and revising test schedules
name, to act as test director from his office for instantaneous use in the event of test
in Washington, remote from the Nevada and resumption-similar to, procedures for keep-
Pacific test sites, operated both to decrease ing our strategic deterrent plans always cur-
the scientific data gained from the tests and rent.
DETECTION
increase the c2st and difficulty of conducting BF:OADENING AND IM) ROVING CAPABILITIES
them.
MAINTENANCE OF LABS AND RETENTION OF Both the importance of, and difficulties
TOP-FLIGHT SCIENTISTS regarding, this effort, ! plus a necessity for
The test-site improvements and testing strict classification of equipment and in-
discretion at the laboratory and test-site sta'llations, call for a relatively large effort
levels discussed above also have a bearing and expenditure in thine area.
on our ability to keep topflight scientists' The very fuzzy situation respecting both
interest in the nuclear weapons program spaceetection
ionuhard ore and p space-testiing
under partial test-ban conditions. p
The added difficulties of analyzing samples My preliminary estimates of the capital
from underground experiments-contami- expenditure required for hardware and fa-
Dated with extraneous elements from the cili.ties to meet your assurances and keep
soil-requires added radiochemistry facil- your promises to take; the actions necessary
ities and personnel. Simulation facilities for for reducing the risks) and disadvantages of
other than underground environments and the partial test ban treaty are as fellows:
other limitations imposed by the treaty also Underground testing program:
require a boost in personnel and new labors- In niftdions
tory physical facilities, equipment, and in- Nevada test site improvements and $50
strumentation for diagnostic and extrapola-
tion purposes.
The flow of qualified and capable new,
y-------------- 100
encouraged by stepped-up activities at such M,i ,t;nnance of Labs an[t top-flight s(:ien-
nonweapons, but related facilities, as the Lists:
Lawrence Radiation Laboratory at Berkeley. Los Alamos laboratory-__- ------ 25
The importance of immediate starts on Sandia laboratory r ------ 25
boratory facilities-as encouraging Livermore laboratory--_-_ ----------------- 50
l
a
new
physical evidence to our nuclear weapon sci.- Department of Defense laboratories-- 50
ories
enlists now working that their efforts are not Depaation, training and, encourage-
l
it
a
dmis most v
tfli cientrflc person-
devoted to a dead-en progra-- ment ofop-g:to prevent them from drifting away from ncl at weapons labs ---------------- 10
the laboratories.
PROMPT READINESS FOR ATMOSPHERIC TESTING Total --------- ------------- ----- 160
This capability must include readiness to Readiness for atmospheric testing:
proof test weapons systems in stockpile, new Test range, silos, atmospheric A-ICBM
experimental devices, and weapons effects n
a variety of environments and under all
operational conditions.
Since testing, if and when resumed, will be
under emergency conditions, considerable
rlundancy in test hardware is necessary in
order thats tests may be conducted promptly
and not suffer delay from the unavailability
of standby equipment.
A complete missile range, including ICBM
ilos at both ends and operational anti-ICBM
s
installations at one end must be in readiness
for proof tests of both ICBM and anti-TCBSl
weapons, as well as to determine effects of
nuclear explosions on the reliability and
capabilities of each.
Johnstone Island, little larger than an air-
craft carrier, is unsuitable for installing
equipment which must obtain test data
simultaneously from different directions.
This "triangulation" problem must be solved.
Proper readiness involve's all iron-clad agree-
ment with the British for continuing access
to and availability of Christmas Island facili-
ties, installation of necessary testing equip-
ment and facilities at Howland and Baker
Islands, and construction of two, better
three, unmanned floating test diagnostic
ships, together with nuclear submarines
which connect with these ships by under-
water cable to protect test personnel safely
underwater from the effects of weapons being
tested.
Present aircraft available for collecting
radioactive air samples at various vital alti-
tudes are about worn out.` They should be
3 pairs-surface/submarine effects
tests units---------------------
Drop aircraft and rockets for
launching experimental devices-
2d standby diagnostic fleet (3 fully
equipped jet airccraft)_ ___-----
3 aircraft for shuttling samples
from test sites to labs for prompt
analysis------------ ----------
Air sampling fleet (12 jet air-
craft) --------- ------
Johnstone; Howlanjd/Baker /Christ-
mas Island testing complex__ .__
Rear base logistic facilities ------ . _
upper atmosphere.. and space diag-
nostic/detection equipment -_-_-
Total -- - - --- -- -
150
300
September 30
the actions necessary to forestall, to the
maximum extent possible, the disadvan-
tages and risks to U.S. national security and
survival inherent in the partial test ban
treaty. Under the circumstance I see no
possible course for me but to support such
a request vigorously.
Very respectfully,
CRAIG .EIOSMER,
Member of Congress.
No. 1O---Florida: The 'Gamblers'
Paradise
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. PAUL. A. 1FINO
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, September ,30,1963
Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, today', I
would lie to tell the Members of this
House, more particularly the congres-
sional delegation from the State of Flo-
rida about the importance of gambling; in
that State. In Florida, as in many other
States, gambling is a billion dollar busi-
ness oiling the wheels of organized crime
syndicates.
Last year, $158 million was gambled
legally at Florida racetracks. This made
the Sunshine State the sixth ranking in
parimutuel betting which helped the
State treasury to the tune of over $13iz
million in 1962.
However, Mr. Speaker, this accounts
for only a small part of the money
wagered in Florida last year. It is illegal
betting which lines the pockets of the
criminals and it is illegal betting that
makes up the great; bulk of the gambling
that takes place in that State.
Miami is a national nerve center of the
gambling syndicates. According to the
McClellan committee, Florida's share of
estimates of off-track betting carne to
almost $1.4 billion in 1962.
But, off-track betting is not the only
form of illegal gambling. The consensus
of testimony before the McClellan com-
mittee was that off-track betting ac-
counts for less' than half of the total
illegal wagering in the United States. In
the light of these figures, gambling in
Florida may well have seen a $2?V2 billion
turnover last year.
The gross profits of the gamblers could
very well have been in the neighborhood
30 of a one-fourth billion dollars. Certain
10 expenses must be met, because illegal
50 gambling supports public corruption as
well as organized crime and its various
Dc,tection system improvements:
Classified items ------------------
Miscellaneous and contingencies___
Grand total- ---------------- 1,000
In addition to the foregoing capital out-
lays, which should be made promptly if we
are to have a readiness for teeting, it is
estimated that the cost of maintaining, im-
proving, and keeping this capability in con-
stant readiness to move on an emergency
basis will involve operating outlays of ap-
proximately $250 million annually.
it is sincerely hoped that you. are plan-
ning to call upon Congress forthwith for
funds of the foregoing magnitude to take
organized crime quite a bankroll in mor-
ida. Because of its social ignorance
Florida is bankrolling the mob.
If gambling were both legal and con-
trolled, Mr. Speaker, there would be no
great opportunities for corruption and
the crime syndicate's treasury would be
badly depleted.
The best form of controlled and legal-
ized gambling is a national lottery.
Throughout the world, it has shown itself
effective in cutting the financial prop of
gambling out from under the crime rings,
while at the same time causing new rev-
enues to flow into the Public Treasury.
e
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
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TRANSMITTAL SLIP
2 Oct 3
TO: C 7
ROOM NO.
if UILDIN V
REMARKS:
Walt: I am sure the D ector
will a interested in the attached,
whit is an insert of Hosmer Is
lette to the President concerning
the test ban treaty.
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