WHY NOT GET DOWN TO THE FACTS?

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200220002-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 22
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2004
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: February 25, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

1963 Approv ,5t,%-WR24 fR filA-RH 3R000200220002-6 A935
SupposeI had failed? Well, I think it
would still have been' the correct move.
Sooner or later I would have found my right
path in life and it Is only by daring to fail
that one builds the courage and ability to
succeed later on.
If you give to your work-whatever it may
be-every bit of your enthusiasm, talent,
energy, and determination you will find an
inner strength and security that can never
be taken away from you. You will also find
something you can enjoy now and every day
of your life, Instead of waiting for some far-
off future.
That is why my advice to young people is:
"Don't dream about security-make it for
yourself, out of yourself. Dare to believe in
yourself-and act accordingly. If you do,
both your present and your future are
secure."
Significant Goal of St. Mary's
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GEORGE P. MILLER
. OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 14, 1963
Mr. MILLER of California. Mr.
Speaker, my alma mater, St. Mary's Col-
lege, in California is celebrating its cen-
tennial year. This school has tradition-
ally focused on the liberal arts and this
Is reflected in its centennial year theme,
which is "The Liberal Arts: Language of
Free Men."
The achievements of this great educa-
tional institution in meeting the chal-
lenges of our times through its liberal
arts curriculum, has been highlighted in
an editorial in the Morning News of San
Leandro, Calif.
I am pleased to insert in the CoNCREs-
SIONAL RECORD the following most signifi-
cant editorial:
SIGNIFICANT GOAL OF ST. MARY'S
In Moraga Valley, among the rolling foot-
hills of Contra Costa County, lies St. Mary's
College, which this year is celebrating its
centennial.
It is a small college when compared to our
great State universities. But it has issued a
call to all thoughtful men on the occasion
of its hundredth birthday and is attracting
national and international attention
through its curriculum in the liberal arts.
The college has chosen as its centennial
theme: "The Liberal Arts: Language of Free
Men."
St. Mary's College includes, as part of
the required curriculum, world classics
seminars which consist In the close reading
and free discussion of the original writings
of the world's greatest thinkers. In addi-
tion, St. Mary's is helping to set the pace
in the United States by being one of the
few colleges that has an experimental inte-
grated liberal arts curriculum, in the classic
tradition, teaching select students to dis-
cover from original sources the relationship
between all fields of knowledge as well as
fulfill a major in a specific discipline.
St. Mary's College is building a bridge
of understanding between science and the
humanities, its graduates become leaders
better able to communicate with all groups
of a society in danger of becoming so special-
ized that the learned in one field are in-
capable of understanding those of another.
This particular college and others-devoted
to the liberal disciplines are important to us
all in the struggle for understanding and
brotherhood.
Science studied in isolation can and does
flourish in dictatorships, in totalitarian re-
gimes. But liberal arts-never. Totali-
tarianism depends upon narrow education.
A liberal arts curriculum helps achieve an
appreciation of the most important and
abiding values of Western civilization,
If only a few institutions of higher learn-
ing develop their own curricula along similar
lines, the impact upon America's future and
the future of civilized man will be sig-
nificant.
Powell, the Official Favorite
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. EDWARD J. DERWINSKI
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 25, 1963
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the
Congress, as a body, has been under con-
tinual criticism in the press, partly mo-
tivated by the abdication of congres-
sional powers to the executive branch
and the other motivation being the offi-
cial and unofficial activities of individ-
ual Members.
There has been much written and dis-
cussed about the policies and behavior
of the chairman of the House Committee
on Education and Labor. In a prepared
statement the other day, the gentleman
from New York attempted to rebut the
charges leveled against him In the other
body by the Senator from Delaware, and
in addition, he attempted to answer all
of his critics by accusing them of racial
prejudice.
Obviously, this personal whitewash at-
tempt is difficult to reconcile with the
official records. The political factors
revolving around the gentleman from
New York and his prestige have been
thoroughly discussed throughout the
country. The Congress has an obliga-
tion to provide its effectiveness and one
of the ways that this can be accom-
plished is by proper behavior on the part
of all of its Members.
The entire subject matter to which I
refer has been effectively discussed in
the news media, and a brief, concise, and
clear presentation appeared In the Chi-
cago Daily News of February 7, which I
ask leave to insert into the RECORD at
this point:
POWELL, THE OFFICIAL FAVORITE
Except at election time, Congressmen
generally band together for the protection
of the system and their perquisites under
it. It is rare indeed, therefore, that one
attacks another with the outraged fury that
Senator WILLIAMS, Republican, of Delaware,
turned on Representative ADAM CLAYTON
POWELL, Democrat, of New York.
It is almost as rare that such a deservedly
fiery denunciation of a Congressman also
becomes an indictment of the administra-
tion. As it Negro leader, POWELL enjoys
enormous political power, and he exploits
it shamelessly.
His foreign junkets at taxpayers' expense
have been well publicized, but Senator Wm-
s,IAMS_ produced new evidence even more
scandalous, since they involve administra-
tive favors, He noted, for instance, that the
IRS continues to carry POWELL on its books
as a delinquent in taxes, Including fraud
penalties, for 1949 through 1955, although
he has been continuously employed in Con-
gress at a,handsome salary.
WILLIAMS said the Department of Health,
Education, and Welfare placed at the dis-
posal of POWELL $250,000 from funds appro-
priated to fight juvenile delinquency. In
view of POWELL's record, this displays an
astonishing confidence that he would make
nonpolitical use of the money. At rates as
low as 3.13 percent, POWELL and associates
obtained Government loans to finance a
housing development and to purchase hotels.
It is well that the public should be aware
of these matters. WILLIAMS is too Optimistic
however, if he hopes to bring about the
defeat of PowELL. This is not the first dis-
closure of his practices, but his continued
popularity suggests that his constituents
react with approval and envy, rather than
resentment. We would have hoped that the
Kennedy administration would take a
broMer view of thg, public interest.
Why Not Get Down to the Facts?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
. HON. FRANK J. BECKER
OF NEW YORE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 25, 1963
Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, I am in-
serting herewith an editorial from one
of America's finest newspapers, namely,
the Tablet published in Brooklyn, N.Y.
This editorial from the issue of Feb-
ruary 14 "Why Not Get Down to the
Facts?" speaks for Itself and is indicative
of exactly what I have been talking
about for a long time. I am certain if
this were done everyone in this country
would be much better off.
The editorial follows:
WHY NOT GET DOWN TO THE FACTS?
Anyone who has watched Secretary Mc-
Namara's televised effort to explain how the
Red missile menace was dismantled in Cuba,
and viewed and heard the other reports on
the defensive-as opposed to offensive-
weapons, and learned of the presence of
thousands of Red troops in Cuba-must have
been confused and bewildered.
How anyone could understand, or come to
an optimistic conclusion, after watching the
Pentagon drama, we don't know. 'Most of
the aerial reconnaissance photographs taken
before and after the missiles were, as alleged,
carried home were difficult to understand.
Many of the pictures were not clear; they
were given far more credit for deciphering
objects than the viewer could see. Pictures
snapped at low levels were, to be sure, clear
and revealing but there were too many close-
up views of the missiles in place, and then
endeavoring to compare them with an excess
of far-away and fuzzy abandoned sites,
proved nothing. There would have been
some value if the camera used the same mis-
sile site, giving a before and after view.
But this is neither here nor there. The
undenied fact is that the Soviet has 17,000
armed men 90 miles from American shores
and large quantities of weapons including
planes. What is the sense of describing
these troops or-the weapons as "defensive?"
And even if so, what are they defending and
against whom?
The precise number of Red troops in Cuba
is .not all important, neither is the offensive
or defensive type of the very large quantity
of arms. The point is that Moscow Is trans-
forming Cuba into a strong military base,
irrespective of whether or not long-range
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missile and IL-28 bombers have been hauled
away. And It is Important as to what the
i Soviet Intends to do with the "defensive"
weapons and the well-armed and well-
disciplined combat forces on the island.
Why are they there and for what purpose?
Those are the important questions.
The most unreassuring thing about the
whole business is the revelation of how dis-
mally unfinished it Is. We had the Soviet
on the run, and now it is all too plain that
we failed to run them all the way.
There was no apparent need for this fail-
ure. The Government was undoubtedly
right to focus its attention on getting the
known intermediate-range missiles out of
Cuba, and the military diplomatic operation
to that end was excellent, The partial block-
! ade was accompanied by plain warnings of
tougher action if the U.S. terms were not
met.
But for that very reason the United States
was in a perfect position to carry the exer-
cise to its logical conclusion. It should have
told Khrushchev to remove every last one of
his soldiers and send In not so much as one
more rifle, lest he risk the most serious con-
sequences. Everything about the Soviet re-
actions in October argues that Khrushchev
would have complied; indeed, how could be
not have, smack up against the full array
of U.S. military power?
Why was'nt it done? We suppose in part
because of the.same mental attitude which
has so often bedeviled the United States In
dealing with the Soviets, an attitude that
in all fairness has been in evidence before as
well as during this administration. It is a
fear of pushing the enemy too far, of back-
ing the bear into a corner from which it can
escape only by attacking. The idea is always
to give the Soviet a partial exit or some
means of facesaving.
If that was the reason for not completing
the job we must confess it has made our
present situation much more difficult. Now
our risk is great and we have lost the
psy- chological advantage which we enjoyed last
fail.
Dallas Mortgage Bankers Oppose
President Kennedy's Tax Plan
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. BRUCE ALGER
01 TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 25, 1963
Mr. ALDER. Mr. Speaker, in order
to keep the Members of Congress in-
formed as to the attitude of important
segments of our population concerning
the President's tax proposal, I am Includ-
ing as a part of these remarks a resolu-
tion passed by A he Dallas Mortgage
Bankers Association at Dallas, Tex.:
RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE DALLAS MART-
.GAGE BANNERS AssociATioN ON FEBRVART
11.1993
Whereas the President's proposed tax
program will provide for tax reduction to
the American taxpayer, and
Whereas this program will now further
provide for tax reforms which Include the
following:
1. A taxpayer who itemizes his deductions
will be able to deduct these expenses only to
the extent that they exceed'5 percent of his
adjusted gross income.
!L Taxation of the appreciated value of
property at death or when transferred as a
gift.
S. Proposal to tax as ordinary income the
gain on the sale of real estate held for in-
vestment or used in trade or business to the
extent of depreciation taken.
Whereas the proposed tax program pI'o-
vides for reductions in base tax rates, the
American citizen will lose his encourage-
ment to own his home that results from his
right to deduct taxes and interest before
computing his income tax (except deduc-
tions exceeding 5 percent of his adjusted
gross income). Likewise, the good citizen
who contributes generously to his church,
charitable organizations, and the like would
similarly be penalized: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved That the Dallas Mortgage Bank-
ers Association protest these changes to the
present tax regulations which would pena-
lize the American homeowners and property
owners,
The Success Story of Tobacco Controls
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
07
HON. PAUL FINDLEY
Or ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 25, 1963
Mr. FINDLEY, Mr. Speaker, re-
peatedly during the past 2 years, the ad-
ministration has pointed to tobacco and
cotton as success stories in supply man-
agement. Cotton is now in the worst fix
in Its long history, and a recent report
by U.S. Department of Agriculture econ-
omists raises considerable doubt as to the
success of supply management of tobac-
Co.
The artificial stimulus of Government
control has had harmful effects on Amer-
ican tobacco quality, not only since the
introduction of the new chemical-MH-
80-but in previous years as well. Police-
State controls, such as have been com-
monplace in tobacco for many years, put
the emphasis on volume production and
as a result, quality suffers.
This is one of the reasons why Ameri-
can tobacco has not kept pace with the
rest of the world in capturing its fair
portion of world markets.
In tobacco as in other commodities,
experience should suggest a return to
the discipline of the marketplace as be-
ing best for producer and consumer alike.
The following article which appeared
in the February 23 issue of the Washing-
ton Post is a remarkable commentary on
the success story of supply management
in tobacco:
SOME ODOR PRODUCED BY TOBACCO PROGRAM
(By Julius Duscha)
The Government's once highly touted
tobacco program is starting to come apart
like a roll-your-own cigarette.
Not only has there been an increase in
surplus tobacco: Government policies have
encouraged the production of poor-quality
tobacco.
Per capita consumption of tobacco de-
clined slightly In 1882 in the United States
for the first time in 9 years.
The decrease is attributed by Department
of Agriculture experts to poor-quality
tobacco Be much as to increasing concern
over the effects of smoking on a person's
health.
SUBS DT PROGRAM BLAMED
These facts are documented in a highly
unusual report quietly issued this week by
the Agriculture Department, where for both
political and economic reasons tobacco 1s
an extremely touchy subject.
The report was prepared by a committee
of seven Agriculture Department economists.
They bluntly concluded that Department
subsidy programs are largely responsible for
the poor-quality tobacco that is flooding the
auction markets.
For more than 20 years tobacco production
has been carefully controlled under the most
rigid restrictions.
Secretary of Agriculture Orville L. Free-
man and many Members of Congress have
frequently held up the tobacco program as
an example of how surplus farm produc-
tion can be controlled.
But in recent years tobacco farmers have
been Increasing their per-acre production to
try to make more money In the face of rising
costs.
More than 500.000 farms grow tobacco on
tiny plots of only a few acres in 16 States.
The principal tobacco States are North Caro-
lina. Kentucky, South Caolina, Virginia,
Tennessee. and Connecticut.
The biggest tobacco State Is North Caro-
lina, which gets 70 percent of its cash from
income from tobacco.
The chairman of the House Agriculture
Committee, HAROLD D. CooLEY, is from North
Carolina, and the Agriculture Department
generally is exceedingly careful in what it
says about the tobacco program to avoid an-
tagonizing CooLEY.
To circumvent the acreage restrictions
on tobacco, farmers have been planting their
crops closer and pouring fertilizer on their
land to get a greater yield from each acre.
In addition, farmers have been using a new
chemical. malefic hydrazide, or MH-30, to
inhibit the growth of suckers or unwanted
sprouts on tobacco plants.
QUALrrY IS AFFECrED
Before the chemical came into wide use
farmers had to pinch off the sprouts. That
is a slow, laborious and backbreaking job.
It takes 32 hours to do this on a single acre
of tobacco.
But, the Agriculture Department econo-
mists noted in their report, the chemical ad-
versely affects the quality of the tobacco.
A spokesman for a major tobacco com-
pany said at a recent Agriculture Depart-
ment hearing that "we ? ? ? would not know-
ingly or willingly consider marketing a new
cigarette which had a consumer acceptance
level as low as that indicated for cigarettes
made from a tobacco treated with malefic
hydrazide."
Hospital Care for Gold Star Mothers
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. THADDEUS J. DULSKI
OF MEW YORE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 5, 1963
Mr. DULSKI. Mr. Speaker, I am in-
troducing a bill which would authorize
hospital care for Gold Star Mothers at
Veterans' Administration hospitals. It is
my feeling that it is our Government's
obligation to care for those who have
suffered in battle, and also for their de-
pendents and survivors which they have
left behind.
These brave mothers raised sons and
daughters to be good citizens and to give
their lives, if necessary, to defend this
great country of ours. We ought to do
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
gative of Congress in the school desegrega-
tion decision.
Thus, George Washington counseled an
infant nation--a nation which he helped
to establish, a nation which he led as its
first President for two terms. He was a man
of true greatness. His first thought was al-
ways of his duty to his country.- This prin-
ciple motivated him to become the great
commander in chief of the Continental
Army-to reluctantly 'assume the Office' of
President and to decline a third term in
this high office. His greatness lay in his
selfless adherence to that which he knew to
be right.
..Let us apply some of these principles to
the Cuban situation. 'We all know that this
is one of the more, critical and crucial prob-
lems of our time.
We all welcomed the announcement that
the. Soviets would withdraw several thou-
sand troops from Cuba. This is only as a
limited step In the right direction. Neither
this withdrawal nor any other partial with-
drawal should be coynsidered as a final solu
tion of the basic Cuban problem and threat.
The basic problem,' and the real threat
to the Americas, lies in the fact that Inter-
national communism now has a firm foot-
hold In the Western Hemisphere. The "Made
in Moscow" government is in Cuba for the
primary purpose of increasing and spread-
ing communism's influence and power in
Latin America. We know that it Is here to
stay-if we permit it to do so.
Public debate during the past few weeks
has focused largely on whether'Khrushchev
has or has not withdrawn his offensive wea-
pons from Cuba. Certainly, this Is impor-
tant. None of us can afford to be uncon-
cerned about the threat of missiles and
planes which can rain nuclear death and de-
siruction on us in a matter of minutes.
However, we must not. allow our attention
to, be preoccupied entirely by an overly me-
ticulous concern about whether the mili-
tary threat to 'Lis-has been increased or de-
creased fractionally by the introduction or
withdrawal of certain tykes or numbers of
weapons. If we do we may -very well fail
to face up to the proposition "that, regard-
less of how many or how few troops support
it, the alien and antidemocratic govern-
ment now being maintained In Cuba by
Russian armed soldiers is in and of 'itself
the real and basic threat to the peace and
security of the American Republics. Inter-
national communism at our very doorstep,
without regard to the supporting weaponry,
is offensive to me, and, I believe, to a ma-
jority of my fellow Americans.
I am not primarily concerned over the exact
number of troops Khrushchev has in Cuba.
Even ten would be too many. T believe that
it is the fact that the Russian Bear now
stands astride the unhappy island of Cuba
which most troubles the average American.
The American people are disturbed and un-
easy because they know that we cannot live
with this menace Indefinitely.
Therefore, they want to be assured that
our responsible officials recognize the prob-
lem and recognize also that it will not just
disappear with the passage of time. They
want to be convinced that we have the na-
tional will and purpose to do everything
within our power to wipe out all Soviet-
dominated governments in this hemisphere
and that we have a firm,' and hard plan and
policy to accomplish this.
In short, I believe that our people take the
same position which the Congress itself took
when it adopted Senate Joint Resolution 230
last October Ip aSiRpting this resolution
we in Congress expressly reaffirmed the Mon-
roe Doctrine and ;declared that we were
"determined to prevent by "whatever means
neecssary, including the use of arms, the
Cuba fr
Marxist- chin st regime in
tending, by force or the threat of fo exs
rce, its
aggressive or subversive activities to any part
of this hemisphere." The resolution de-
clared we were "determined to prevent in
Cuba the creation or use of any externally
supported military capability endangering
the security of the United States."
The American people ask only, I believe,
that we adhere to this resolution and that
we demonstrate once again that the historic
Monroe Doctrine is still an integral part of
our national policy and that we do, in fact,
consider any attempt by foreign'powers "to
extend their system to any part of this
hemisphere as dangerous to our peace and
security."
When these things are done-and when
our people are convinced that our Nation is
still strong, resolute, vigorous, determined,
and above all, unafraid-I know that the
patriotic people of this Nation will unite
four square behind the Government as they
have always done in times of national crisis.
The Preparedness Investigating Subcom-
mittee, in the real course of Its inquiry, will
develop all of the facts and I hope that it
can make a real and tangible contribution
in shaping a hard and firm policy which will
finally rid - the Americas of this cancerous
communistic growth. -
This is no time for despair. Fear has no
place in our thinking. We have every rea-
son to face the future with faith in our form
of government and in our ability to make
it work. Endowed as we are with individual
liberty and our national resources, with
faith in a Higher Power and a determination
.to .do our part, we shall meet and conquer
the problems of our time. May God sustain
us as we go.
Senator Williams Lauds Year 2000 Plan
EXTENSION OF REMAIR,KS
of -
HON. CARLTON R. SICKLES
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, February 25, 1963
Mr. SICKLES. Mr. Speaker, a notable
effort to educate the voters regarding the
issues is being. undertaken by the League
of Women Voters in the Washington
metropolitan area. Each month seven
local leagues cooperate to produce the
television series "Up for Decision" deal-
ing with governmental problems of in-
terest to the area. In a recent program
Senator HARRISON WILLIAMS of New
Jersey, gave his views on the. year 2000
plan for this area. .
League panelists on the program deal-
ing with regional planning were Mrs.
Robert T. Andrews, Fairfax County, Va.;
Mrs. Geoffrey J. Lanning, Arlington
-County, Va.; Mrs. Richard T. Atkinson,
District of Columbia; and Mrs. William
J_ Shickler, Prince Georges County.
Mrs. Irwin C. Hannum, of Prince Georges
County, was moderator. Mrs. R. C. Bar-
rett, of Montgomery County, is the gen-
eral chairman; the producer for this pro-
gram -was- Mrs. Robert Wolf, of Prince
Georges County, assisted by Mrs. Robert
,..I am pleased to insert a Washington
Post article, of January 24, 1963, dealing
with this program in the RECORD:
SENATOR WILLIAMS LAUDS YEAR 2000 PLAN
The year 2000 plan for metropolitan Wash-
inton has gained a supporter in the U.S.
Senate.
Senator HARItISON A. WILLIAMS, JR., Demo-
crat, of New Jersey, hailed the proposal as
"the kind of foresighted thinking we will
want in this area in the years to come."
But he said it was unrealistic to expect the
creation of some "superagency" to carry out
the program.
"Local governing units are very conserva-
tive in' changing their nature and pooling
their governmental jurisdiction. I feel what
we'll have to do is just take existing govern-
mental units and try to find ways to relate
them," he said.
The year 2000 plan calls for growth of the
area along ,transportation corridors radi-
ating out from Washington, with wedges of
open space separating them. The plan is
endorsed by most area planners, Government
leaders, and President Kennedy.
WILLIAMS said revitalization of downtown
Washington can take place "if there is ef-
fective, efficient, reliable-perhaps even com-
fortable-mass transportation serving the
suburbs and feeding the central city."
"The Federal Government can induce local
communities to work together on common
problems by making money and planning
assistance available," he said.
The Senator, who has introduced legisla-
tion that would provide mass transportation
grants to urban areas, spoke on WETA-TV's
"Up for Decision."
Math, of Arkansas, to the Rank of
Brigadier General in the Marine Corps
Reserve
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. HUBERT H. HUMPHREY
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, February 25, 1963
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, re-
cently the Commandant of the Marine
Corps, Gen. David M. Shoup, notified the
former Governor of Arkansas, the Hon-
orable Sidney E. McMath, that he had
been selected for promotion to brigadier
general in the Marine Corps Reserve.
General McMath is now the third gen-
eral in the Marine Corps Reserve, and
this is in itself a testimony to the great
distinction of this fine officer and public
official.
In the Arkansas Gazette of February 7
there is a fine editorial entitled "Gen-
eral McMath."
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
-sent that this editorial be printed in the
Appendix of the RECORD. -
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Arkansas Gazette, Feb. 7, 1963.]
GENERAL MCMATH
The Marine Corps has been as important
as politics in the life of former Governor
Sid McMath, and his promotion to the rank
of brigadier general in the Marine Reserve
must bring a great deal of pleasure to him,
as it does to us.
Mr. McMath has been a good citizen of
Arkansas as a civilian, in the years since
he has been out of public office as well as
during 11 %1Ie time" he' served, as Governor.
When issues have arisen in the - public
sphere, Mr. McMath has been there to help
fight them out, scarcely mindful of the
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rusty 25
in the hands of the President under the
Consitution of the United States.
Thp term "bipartisan foreign policy"
Implies in my mind, and I am sure it im-
plies in the minds of many of our citi-
zens, because of letters I have received
and questions I have been asked, that the
President of the United States when he
is discussing the matter of a particular
policy in our foreign affairs, would call
in not only his own Cabinet members,
not only the congressional leaders of his
own party, but leaders of the opposition
party. And this applies to previous ad-
mini$trat1ons as well as this one.
Naw, to my knowledge, the President
just does not do this. I have written a
repo ;Les
t this week which I am going to
read, I sent this to all of my weekly
newspapers, because of recent letters I
have received, in which I have been
asked: Were the Republican Members of
Congress a party to the foreign policy
annginced In respect to Cuba, in respect
to_ Canada, in respect to the Skybolt,
England, ant: with respect to our policy
Insofar as France is concerned?
My report reads as follows:
BlreavIsAN PoaaroN POLICY?
I receive many letters in which people ask:
-What is meant by bipartisan foreign
policy."
The Cuban fiasco again has pointed up the
complete fallacy of what the Kennedy ad-
ministration likes to put on a sanctimonius
pedestal in the guise of "bipartisan foreign
policy."
Believe me, there isno such thing.
Certainly, when the President of the
United States, who has sole constitutional
authority for our foreign policy, makes an
lrrevpcable agreement, even though Itmay
be dangerous, as he did with Castro, all
Americans, regardless of politics, back him
up.
But, that doesn't mean that his errors are
the result of what some of the eggheads like
to call bipartisan foreign policy.
What the President does Is to make his
decisions and then call in the responsible
people of both parties and say, In effect:
"Well, I've done this. Now, you must be
good Americans and go along with me."
This may imply that the opposition sit
back and say and do nothing. Well, as an
American and as an elected Representative
of the people, I never have and never will do
that
The Cuban mesa is a good example. So are
southeast Asia, Kantanga, etc. The President
set It policy; then he told us what he had
done and expected us to say amen.
Finally; in October of last year, be did
what I and others had recommended-he
blockaded Cuba. It should have been done
long before that, but anyway he finally did
it. So, we pledged our full support to a
measure which was overdue. but to which
there was no alternative. In the pitifully
inadequate measures which followed, we
were told nothing-not even the real facts
about the Russian buildup In Cuba.
What, then, would have been the result if
some of us had swallowed the high-sounding
philosophy of "bipartisan foreign policy"
and said nothing.
The thousands of Russian troops which
are still there would have gone unnoticed.
Castro would have gone blithely along. un-
interrupted to set up, with Russian help,
the Communist base from which to infiltrate
all of Latin America, which is his real aim,
all the time prepared to protect himself
against any US. Interference because
he had missiles which could devastate
our' cities and the Russian technicians who
knew how to operate them.
'this, in truth, would have completed the
Communist lease of Cuba which President
Kennedy all but signed when lie pledged that
the United States would not invade Cuba.
Certainly, there was no bipartisan ap-
proach to that noninvasion policy. The
President simply did It and then told us !o.
So, there is no such thing as a bipartisan
foreign policy. There shouldn't be and I'll
never be a party to any such arrangement.
Mr. Speaker, I think it Is high time
that we. as Members of the House of
Representatives, particularly those on
the Republican side, who believe in a
sound foreign policy, should be told what
is going on. If our foreign policy is to be
bipartisan in its preparation and in its
actual conduct. I know that under the
Constitution, both past and present, this
has not been done. I am not asking that
It be done. But, at least what we should
understand and what our people should
be told, is that these decisions are the
decisions of the President. The Presi-
dent has full and complete responsibility.
But, Mr. Speaker, a few weeks ago a
statement was issued by the State De-
partment pulling the props out from un-
der the Prime Minister of Canada, Mr.
Diefenbaker, by insisting that nuclear
warheads go into Canada.
Now, I understand that the President
was furious about that statement when
he was apprised of it in the press. Yet,
I did not hear that anyone lost his job.
I did not hear that Secretary of State,
Dean Rusk, who stated that he would
accept the full responsibility for the
statement, discharged anyone. I did not
hear the President denounce anyone or
deny the validity of the statement. Nor
did I hear that anyone was discharged
who was responsible for preparing or
releasing the statement.
Certainly, Mr. Speaker, the Secretary
of State had every means to find out who
was responsible for it.
The decision was made at a meeting,
or prior to a meeting down in Bermuda,
between the President and the Prime
Minister of Great Britain, Mr. Mac-
millan. It was decided to stop the pro-
duction of the Skybolt missile, a missile
that England was preparing Its bomber
force to use. No one I know of who had
Republican Party responsibility, was
called in, prior to that decision, and I am
not sure that anybody with Republican
responsibility was called in after the de-
cision or informed that the decision was
being made.
Mr. Speaker, for the good of our coun-
try we should as Members of Congress
advise our constituents just what this
so-called bipartisan foreign policy
means. I am not, at this moment, just
talking about the present administra-
tion. The term seems to be used almost
every day. Only last week I read In the
press about "Kennedy pledges leaders at
secret session at the White House."
And down further In the article there
is one very significant paragraph:
There was some speculation at the ses-
sion ? ? * was an effort by Mr. Kennedy to publicity. They got important news off
slam the door on any charges that his foreign the front pages and off the radio and
policy was more partisan than bipartisan. television. Instead we heard and read
I am not in agreement with that para- about 50-mile hikes. The minds of the
graph because I do not charge the Presi- people are supposed to be taken off the
dent and his foreign policy with being real problems confronting us. This is
just a political foreign policy in that it the type of thing that is going on, and I
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is partisan politically. I merely say it
is a fact that he makes the decisions. It
Is his responsibility and the decision is
not bipartisan. There is no basis for
the implication that Republican leader-
ship as well as Democratic leadership of
the Congress had agreed to that policy
before the decision was made. This is
the point I am trying to make. It is
the point I am going to insist upon. It
is the point I am going to constantly and
continuously advise the people in my
district about whenever and wherever I
can get the information across.
Mr. Speaker, that is about the gist
of what I have to say. I want that to
get in the RECORD just the same as the
statements I shall Issue from time to
time.
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield for a question?
Mr. BECKER. I would be happy to
yield to my distinguished colleague, the
gentleman from Texas [Mr. ALGER].
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, I would
like to Join with the gentleman from
New York in his discussion and his defi-
nition of the use and misuse of the word
"bipartisan." My question is this: Does
the gentleman not feel first of all that
it is the perogative, indeed, the duty of
Members of Congress to be critical of
foreign policy and, secondly, not to be
shut off by the use of the word "bi-
partisan" as though they are not sup-
posed to be critical of the foreign policy
which affects all of us?
Mr. BECKER. This is exactly the in-
tent of my remarks today. I believe that
we would be irresponsible-irresponsible
to the nth degree-if we attempted to
roll over and play dead every time the
President makes a mistake, whether it be
our domestic or foreign policy.
The mistakes that have been made
during the past 2 years, from the time of
the Bay of Pigs invasion right on down
the line to Laos-keep occurring. What
happened recently during the so-called
blockade of Cuba as to whether missiles
were or were not in Cuba? What hap-
pened in the situation with reference to
Canada? These things create a respon-
sibility on the part of Members of Con-
gress to let the American people know
that we are not parties to that decision.
I assure the gentleman I would not have
been a party to them myself.
Mr. ALGER. If the gentleman will
yield further, does the gentleman feel
that some of the concern expressed now
by the administration is the fear indeed
of congressional criticism of policies that
do not reflect the will of the people?
Mr. BECKER. I am quite sure of that.
Permit me to call the attention of the
gentleman to this: You know when the
situation with the administration had
become very, very critical and bad in
recent months and when the people were
catching up with it, you know what hap-
pened. They pulled a 50-mile hike out
 Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200220002-6
think we should make the people under-
stand why.
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, if the gen-
tleman will yield further, may I com-
ment further and ask another question
of him?
Mr. BECKER. I am happy to yield.
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, I have been
asked by very dedicated Americans who
are sincerely concerned, and who are
also worried about criticism of the Com-
mander in Chief if, indeed, we are weak-
ening his posture and the posture of our
Nation today when we are critical; so I
want to ask the gentleman,, Is there not
even greater danger that if we stifle and
eliminate freedom of speech in this
country in order to defeat the enemy, we
have actually adopted the enemy's tech-
niques and have already been defeated
by him, so that there does not need to
be any party or parties, except one party
and a dictatorship?
Mr. BECKER. The gentleman is ab-
solutely correct. I might call the gen-
tleman's attention to an article that ap-
peared yesterday in the Washington
Star "Krock Calls Kennedy Policy Cyni-
cal on News," I suggest the gentleman
read that article. I intend to put it in
the RECORD.
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield further?
'Mr. BECKER. I yield.
Mr. ALGER. Do I understand that
the gentleman speaking to us at this
time will include the article just men-
tioned as part of his remarks?
Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, I intend
to include, after my remarks, the article
by Arthur' Krock which appeared in yes-
terday's Washington Star, the title of
which I have just read.
Mr. Speaker, may I add this? The
gentleman has hit on the most salient
point of my discussion and what I am
trying to do. It is simply this. Our
people, by a virtually controlled press,
it would seem, or news media, on news
and information not only from the White
House but from our departments of Gov-
ernment, including the State Depart-
ment and the Department of Defense,
are no longer being apprised of the facts
and the truth of what is happening
throughout the world. If we are going
to let this go by under the guise of what
is called bipartisan foreign policy then
I say that we are subject justly to the
wrath of the people. We should be con-
demned not only as individual Members
of Congressbut as individual citizens be-
cause we are not living up to our respon-
sibility and to the oath that we have
taken on this floor in every session since
we becairie Members.
Mr. AVERY. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
` Mr. BECKER. I yield to the gentle-
man.
Mr. AVERY. Mr. Speaker, I should
like to return for just a moment to the
reference that was made to the article
in the Washington Star of yesterday by
Mr. Krock. I think first it should be
made clear in the RECORD at this point
that Mr. Krock himself states that he is
a personal friend of the President and
has been a personal friend of the family
for many years; So certainly this very
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
pointed criticism by Mr. Krock should
not be viewed as a partisan comment.
This was an observation of a highly re-
spected and senior member of the Wash-
ington press corps. I think it should be
pointed out in connection with this that
apparently Mr. Krock's article drew
some attention from the administration,
because it is my understanding from an
article in the Washington Post of Satur-
day morning that the administration
now, under the direction of Mr. Sallinger,
has proposed a "retreat" from spokes-
man for the administration and the
press corps, so that either the press corps
may better understand the administra-
tion, or else the administration may bet-
ter understand the press corps.
I would hope however that whatever
transpires at this retreat near Warren-
ton, Va., that representatives of the
press will carry out the historic respon-
sibility of that profession in America to
defend their right to speak out and keep
the public entirely informed.
Mr. BECKER. I certainly agree with
the gentleman. I would hope the press
would resume its responsibility from the
publishers to the editors to the newsmen
in publishing the news, in publishing
and reporting as they always did the
news . and the facts as they see them, and
not accept the brainwashing when they
get down to this retreat.
Mr. AVERY. I think we ought to
point out now that this controversy
should not be confused with the Moss
committee's 5-year project to guarantee
the "right to know". As I understand
the objective of the Moss committee, it
is not the management of the news but
relates to the Executive privilege of not
making available to the press such in-
formation that is classified. The objec-
tion to making classified information
available is entirely separate from the
management or misrepresentation of the
news as described by Mr. Krock.
Mr. DECKER. I agree with the gen-
tleinan.
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, will
the gentleman yield?
Mr. BECKER. I yield to the gentle-
man from California.
Mr. YOUNGER. In regard to Cuba,
it seems to me as though we miss the
point when we take so much time argu-
ing about whether they have missiles or
whether they have cannons or air-
planes. It makes little difference wheth-
er they have those or whether they have
slingshots. The Communists want a
base of operations. Their technique
and their method of operation is not
military but is intrigue, infiltration, and
sabotage. As long as any one Russian
is there that danger exists. Is that not
true?
Mr. BECKER. May I say to the gen-
tleman that I do wish the American
people had been better informed as to
our objectives in imposing a blockade
last year in Cuba, not merely to protect
the security of the people of the United
States from a missile attack but because
this. was a kickoff base not only to infil-
trate subversively in all the countries of
Latin America and Sauth America but
to help formulate guerrilla forces in
those countries, to induce guerrilla op-
2821
erations and revolution in those countries
from a Communist base in Cuba. This
is what we tried to do all last year and
are still trying to do, but we still cannot
get the show on the road, so to speak.
I might refer the gentleman to an
article by a great and knowledgeable
lady, which appeared in U.S. News &
World Report. The author I refer to is
a distinguished former Member of the
House, Clare Booth Luce. The article
last week deals with this very effectively.
I am inserting the article in its entirety
in the RECORD.
Mr. YOUNGER. The gentleman fur-
ther realizes that a submarine base there
is far more important than some of the
missiles and other things?
Mr. BECKER. I agree with the gen-
tleman, but we get into the area now of
asking: Do we have proof the submarines
are there? We do not have proof the
submarines are not there. Do we have
proof that missiles are there? We do
not have proof missiles are not there.
In other words, we have no proof. We
tried to get it on the demand of the
President last fall when he set ,of the
blockade of Cuba. He should have stuck
to his guns and insisted upon on-site
inspection. If we were not strong
enough to do it then, we ought to give
up.
Mr. YOUNGER. I thank the gentle-
man, and congratulate him on his re-
marks and upon bringing' this subject
to the attention of the House.
Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. BECKER. I yield to the gentle-
man from Washington.
Mr. PELLY. The gentleman has ad-
dressed the House on the subject of bi-
partisan foreign policy.. I think the
RECORD should show that the father of
the bipartisan policy, Senator Vanden-
berg, made it very clear that he expected
that foreign policy should be debated
fully. I think his words actually were
that it should be debated totally down to
the water's edge. I think we should all
remember that we do have a responsi-
bility as a minority to discuss this sub-
ject fully but not to go out of our way to
try to use any partisanship in our
arguments.
Mr. BECKER. I appreciate the gen-
tleman's contribution referring to the
late Senator Vandenberg, because that
was his position. I want to make this
abundantly clear, that when the Presi-
dent made the decision on October 22 to
blockade Cuba, we backed him up, but
that does not mean we should roll over
and play dead when he did not follow
through.
Mr. STINSON. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. BECKER. I yield to the gentle-
man from Washington.
Mr. STINSON. It would be a serious
act on our part to sit here and do noth-
ing. That is what I think the gentle-
man from New York was trying to bring
out. Does the gentleman think there is
any correlation between the timing of
the announcement on the Cuban crisis,
which happened just before the election,
and the possibility this might have been
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 2822
done for a political reason or a party
reason?
Mr. BECKER. Far be it from me to
charge President Kennedy with politics.
Actually, I Chink he is one of the most
astute politicians on the American scene
in many, many a year,
While I do not know the President's
intent it was certainly in my mind at the
time and it did have its political effect.
Mr. Speaker. I ask unanimous consent
at this time to insert in the RECORD with
my remarks an article concerning
Arthur Krock in the Washington Star of
yesterday and an article by Claire
Boothe Luce, former Member of this
House and a great lady and former Am-
bassador to Italy.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr..
HaGsN of Georgia). Without objection,
It is so ordered.
There was no objection.
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman yield?
Mr. BECKER. I yield to the gentle-
man from Missouri.
Mr. 14ALL, With reference to the last
point raised by our colleague about the
timing and the political implication of
the Cuban quarantine, or blockade, or
whatever you want to call it, has the
gentleman considered what a reversal of
2 weeks might have done to the Novem-
ber 1962 election-if instead of bringing
out the Cuban situation 2 weeks before
November 6 and the $7.8 billion deficit
2 weeks after, if those 2 items had
been reversed? I wonder what the com-
b plexion of this House would have been
today In such an event. I wonder if the
gentleman has given consideration to
those two alterations of simple facts and
timing from the political point of view?
Mr. BECKER. Let me assure my col-
league, the gentleman from Missouri
who is very astute, that I am never
averse to considering political considera-
tion and statements made and the tim-
Ing of them. -Certainly, I will say with
all the sincerity at my command that I
i believe the President of the United
States waited until the most dangerous
time in all history to order the blockade
of Cuba on October 22. This should
{ have been done months before-not
when we knew all these missiles were in
,there-and launching pads were being
built. And as to the great distortions of
facts, the question is going to come up
In the next couple of weeks as to the time
*hen we knew these missiles were in
there, when photographs were taken. I
Win sure some factual material will come
but in the next couple of weeks. As to
tie e other part of your question, the $7.8
billion deficit that was announced 2
peeks after election, I do not know
Nether in the minds of the people this
ould have had as much offsetting ef-
f ect-I am talking about the political
ect-as the Cuban blockade an-
ounced on October 22because we all as
J!n ericaa citizens were forced to make
atements backing up the President's
Lion at that time. We could not have
one otherwise.
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
man yield further?
Mr. BECKER, I am happy to yield to
ee e gentleman.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 25
Mr. HALL, I would like to say I was
among the first to back the President
and say that the die had been cast and
we should rally and not let partisanship
interfere with us or go beyond our shore-
line at that particular point. Of course,
I expected we would finish the job when
we "drew the mark," and had everything
in our favor, But I think if history is
to be objective and to describe where the
error was made, it will not be on this
question of elections of last year, but will
go clear back to the Bay of Pigs, April
17, 1961. Finally, I would say It takes
more than a bad cold in Chicago to make
one change the course of history and
come back from the campaign trail and
invoke a quarantine. It takes the feeling
of the American people, and I would
hope that just as the gentleman in the
well of the House, my esteemed colleague
from New York, is today bringing up the
question of the amorality of not debat-
ing foreign policy, be it good, bad or in-
different, so would history in its objec-
tivity point out when you expect to
have a $500 million excess in the budget
as predicted in the state of the Union
message and in the campaign message
and in the 2d session of the 87th Congress
budget message, then suddenly it turns
into a $7.8 billion deficit, announced like
this-afterwards instead of before the
election-it has its moral or lack of moral
implication. I commend the gentleman
on his expose and his expertise today in
the well of the House.
Mr. BECKER. I appreciate the com-
ments of the gentleman from Missouri.
We sit on the same committee and I
know how well he does on that com-
mittee. Let me point this out. You
have brought out something which is
most important, when the President-
and this talk goes on all the time-about
bipartisanship-particularly In this ad-
mintstration-I wonder what he called it
during the campaign of 1960 and prior
Senator John F. Kennedy went from one
end of this land to the other bemoaning
a missile gap, day after day-one of the
most dangerous things that any Member
of this or any other body could do. He
was telling our enemies that we were
not prepared with missiles and that
there was a great missile gap between
what we had and what they had. And
the then Senator John F. Kennedy was
going from one end of the land to the
other constantly harping about our loss
of prestige and about how low our pres-
tige was in the world.
Well, I say to President John F. Ken-
nedy: If you felt that way about our
prestige at the time of the election how
do you feel about our prestige today?
You don't have to take any poll to know
how low our prestige is now. If that was
bipartisanship, Mr. Speaker, then I am
right in what I am saying about biparti-
sanship today and that is why I think
more of our Republicans must make
their voices heard so the American peo-
ple will have no doubt as to the facts,
I want to call these facts to the attention
of the American people, for It is badly
needed.
Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, will
the gentleman yield?
Mr. BECKER. I yield.
Mr. CLEVELAND. I would like to
compliment the distinguished gentle-
man on his cogent remarks on biparti-
sanship. During the course of the gen-
tleman's remarks the question of "news
management" suggested Itself. I had
prepared for delivery in the House to-
day some remarks on news management.
They include the article about Mr. Ar-
thur Krock, the distinguished New York
Times correspondent which has been re-
ferred to by the gentleman. Also an
Associated Press article regarding the
Cuban news situation reporting the
views of my esteemed colleague, the
gentleman from Washington [Mr. PEL-
LY). Finally, a statement from the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD by the distin-
guished gentleman from Maryland [Mr.
MATHIAS]. I wonder if their relationship
to news management would not be a
little more effectively presented if the
three articles were set out in the RECORD
at one place?
Mr. BECKER. The gentleman wish-
es to insert it following my remarks?
Mr. CLEVELAND. Yes: if it can be
done at this time.
Mr. BECKER. I am about finished. I
have no objection.
Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker, reserving
the right to object, may I understand
what the gentleman is attempting to
do? Is he attempting to spread his re-
marks among those of the gentleman
from New York, or afterward?
Mr. BECKER. After.
Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker, I withdraw
my objection.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from New
Hampshire,
There was no objection.
)From the Washington Star)
KRocx CALLS KENNEDY BOLD, CYNICAL ON
NEWS
(By the Associated Press)
Arthur Krock, prize-winning newsman, ac-
cuses President Kennedy of managing the
news with a cynicism, boldness and subtlety
unmatched in peacetime history.
But, the veteran newsman says: "If Mr.
Kennedy has achieved any success in these
efforts, the principal onus rests in the printed
and electronic press itself."
Mr. Brock, for 21 years chief of the Wash-
ington bureau of the New York Times and
more recently a Times Washington colum-
nist, levels his indictment in the March Issue
of Fortune magazine.
He cites, as an affront to Jeffersonian prin-
ciples of a free press. "the 'information di-
rectives' prescribed for the Pentagon and the
Department of State when the crisis over
Cuba began to harden." He said the "wea-
pon" of news management has been im-.
properly used to inflate success or gloss over
error "in the aftermath of half-won show-
downs--such as President Kennedy's with
respect to the Soviet rearmament of Cuba."
HITS "SOCIAL FLATTERY"
Mr. Brock says Mr. Kennedy and high sub-
ordinates Indirectly manage news by "social
flattery of Washington reporters and com-
mentators, and by "selective personal pa-
tronage."
in the latter category he included exclu-
sive interviews, attributable to the President,
which he says have ceased to be a rarity.
"But Mr. Kennedy," he writes, "prefers the
intimate background briefings of journalists,
and their publishers, on a large scale, from
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 Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200220002-6
2824 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 25
war``-if risk there was-by the side of and to keep Great Britain. Prance, and Ger-
Amirica. many forever In the United States nuclear
eou4se, was that, whereas President de Gaulle
had.shown confidence In us at the time of the
navI blockade, the final U.S. polit-
ical capitulation to Khrushchev and Castro
bads diminished that confidence, and that
the ,President hoped that somehow It could
be restored.
TTe hope is an Idle one. The fault is by
no means entirely the President's. France
has, grown economically strong enough to
mil tartly.
TILe significance of the two Kennedy back-
downs over Cuba is that what was a desire
no seems-or at least to General de
Ga le-to be an urgent necessity for
France's own survival.
- Tie character of the U.S. nuclear commit-
ment made in 1946 changed In the 1950's
when Russia became itself a nuclear power.
Today, as in 1946, that commitment is to
launch a nuclear attack on Soviet Russia If
she moves against Germany.
But In 1983 the same commitment means
a w lltngnese to destroy the United States
for the sake of Europe. When the matter is
put'in this blunt fashion, how many Ameri-
ca are for it?
Xhrushchev took the full measureof Presi-
den Kennedy and U.B. public opinion in
the ,Cuban cs. 8o did Charles de Gaulle.
His conclusion: If the war chips should ever
go town in Europe, the United States will
not initiate nuclear war on Russia until Rus-
sia rages nuclear war on America-and vice
veri. The effect of this undeclared nuclear
pact Is to subtract both U.S. and U.S.S.R.
nuclear forces from the European military
equhtion.
E~rope is today, without its own nuclear
force, a limited war area. Consequently
the,outcome of any European conflict would
then be decided by Russia's 125 divisions and
NATO's 23-or a negotiation.
Thor choice today Is as plain as the nose on
Oer}eral do Gaulle's face. It is to get their
own nuclear umbrella or to trust the United
Stas, if they are attacked by Russian con-
ven inal weapons, to launch her missiles at
Russia, knowing that she would get Russia's
100-ton megaton bombs right back.
General de Gaulle has made the only choice
a patriotic Frenchman could possibly make.
Like the rational Frenchman he Is. he chooses
to build up his own nuclear establishment.
Be knows that the day U.B. troops an
pulled out of Germany, France will be unable
to defend itself without its own nuclear
force.
IIr~ his youth. President Kennedy wrote a
book called "Why England Slept." It de-
scr1 ed how England, in 1939, was caught
militarily napping by the Germans, and its
very sound thesis was that no nation can
effod to wait until it is attacked to prepere
its own defenses, and that, above all, It can-
not rely on the military or economic strength
even of Its allies to save it from destruction.
W UNITED STATES FULLS OUT Or EOSOFL
Charles de Gaulle has paid the author of
"Why England Slept" the compliment of
tak ng his advice. He does not Intend to be
ca t napping if at some future date the
'United States, in order to prevent a world
holocaust-and its own destruction-yanks
Its " uclear umbrella away from Europe.
is hard to see what Is "Napoleonic"
abo}it a Frenchman's desire to protect
France, or why the desire to remove France
fro ` the category of a limited war area
ahoild be considered a folio de grandeur.
Whit Is much more a folio de grandeur is
the desire of the United States to keep Eu-
ropi a United States nuclear colonial area
(Mr. ALGER (at the request of Mr.
BELL) was given permission to extend
his remarks at this point In the REcoRD,
and to Include extraneous matter.)
Mr. ALGER. Mr. Speaker, in my view
bipartisanship in foreign affairs is
wrong. Agreements may indeed occur
between members of both parties inas-
much as Americans do indeed stand to-
gether as a Nation in a hostile world.
The ties that bind Americans are far
greater than the divisive forces at work
in the world today that separate us from
Socialist-Communist societies. Our Re-
public and our people, blessed with free-
dom are a world apart from Communists
and those dictatorships that deny free-
dom and self-determination to their
people.
But agreements that result in biparti-
san harmony must never preclude, fore-
close or In any way or to any degree limit
freedom of speech. Most of all, In for-
eign affairs we must freely express our
views. More heads are better than a
few. Our free criticisms result In a final
policy which Americans will support as
we have many times. But these deci-
sions and policies were amalgams of
many and various views, sometimes
highly critical. Our Republic's strength
Is in our differences and contrasts of
views that result in thorough analysis.
If now we must abandon our right to
speak freely and criticize then indeed
our constituents are voiceless, are not
represented and we have a dictator-
ship-the very form of government we
abhor the most. Let us not adopt the
enemy's views in order to discredit and
defeat him.
Indeed, our very lack of policy-today-
the so-called no-win policy, the bewilder-
ing conflicts of U.B. sovereignty and U.N.
decisions, the countless forms of aid to
the enemy that we give In many kinds of
foreign aid, the suicidal acceptance of
Monroe Doctrine violation, the supine
refusal to stand up for U.S. sovereignty
as we back down In concessions to count-
less demands by Communists-these and
more partially demonstrate, I believe, our
error in having adopted a posture of so-
called bipartisan foreign policy.
As the gentleman from New York (Mr.
BECKER] said, the unilateral decisions of
President Kennedy are not the policies
and decisions of Republicans. The mis-
takes under this administration in for-
eign policy are not, therefore. Republi-
can mistakes. Nor should mistakes-
and there are now many-be white-
washed or buried from view by blocking
criticism by accepting a policy of bi-
partisan agreement.
Indeed, on the contrary, the adminis-
tration should right now be champion-
Ing a foreign policy so firm, so clearly
understood by all, so protective of U.S.
sovereignty, that It could withstand all
Republican criticism--or if It cannot-
then the valid criticisms of Republicans
should be recognized, analyzed, and
adopted.
It is at this point that this administra-
tion's lack of policy breaks down so
clearly. The lack of overall policy and
the fitful reacting without a basic policy
to the various threats to freedom and
peace as they arise In the world are now
the reason, apparently, for the President
calling for bipartisanship-so that the
mistakes will be glossed over and the
blame not cast on him. The President
cannot escape this responsibility but
more Important-the countless mis-
takes of Cuba. Vietnam, Laos, the Congo,
France, Canada, and Latin America must
be corrected. Solt is that the Presi-
dent's only hope, as I see it, is to call
on the Republicans-correct the con-
tinuing mistakes and protect our Na-
tion and her people. Not dodge, delay,
or sidestep the continuing errors that
need correction now.
As a starting point let me suggest that
we reimpose the Monroe Doctrine, clari-
fy the Vietnam war where Americans
are being killed in a war that is not a
war, eliminate the foreign aid that goes
to the enemy, the Communists, and stop
supporting the United Nations aid to
the enemy.
There are other solutions available to
troublesome problems if the President
would first not worry about covering up
criticism by bipartisan appeals; second,
contradict those in the administration
who say It is proper for government to
lie to her people; third, get about really
protecting U.B. sovereignty instead of
apologizing for U.S. determination to
protect freedom, justice, and decency,
and finally stop managing the news,
preferring at last to confide in the peo-
ple, telling them and us, their represen-
tatives, what world situations really are,
so that we can all join in protecting our-
selves and our beloved land.
NEWS MANAGEMENT
Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, ex-
panding means of communication have
created a promise of better news coverage
for Americans. From a technical view-
point, we must applaud such achieve-
ments as Telstar.
However, in the age of Telstar, Mazors,
and the like, a new phenomenon has
arisen known as news management.
Some aspects of news management are
reminiscent of George Orwell's 1984.
My distinguished colleague from Mary-
land called attention to this phenomenon
In a statement on the House floor Feb-
ruary 21, 1963.
The reprint of the statement follows:
WASHINGTON "CON" MEN
Mr. MsvrnaS. Mr. Speaker, the Attorney
General Is Ignoring a confidence game being
played In Washington and so we must warn
the public about It. The object of the game
is to use the people's money to bamboozle
them on a national scale. The scheme is
simple. An administration tipster calls a
political favorite who has played no prior
part and breaks the news of the award of a
Government contract in his State. The
favorite then calls the news media at home
and releases the glad tidings with at least
the implication that he Is making a personal
benefaction to his constitutents.
Honest citizens who are familiar with com-
plex Government procurement procedures are
not impressed. Reporters, editors, and news-
casters are not fooled by this hocus-pocus.
Let us hope that they will expose it for the
deception that it Is.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Sunday, February 24, 1963, the Harry S. Truman "gave another in 1950. Both Representative THOMAS M. PELLY, of Wash-
interviews were obtained by Krock. ington, registered his complaint in a letter to
On
Washington Post and Times Herald
printed the views of the distinguished Asked whether he believes those Presidents Assistant Secretary of State Frederick G.
columnist, Mr. Arthur Krock, concern- did wrong in giving the interview and wheth- Dutton.
er he feels that he should not have partici- Last September 25, PELLY said, the State
ing news management. It says: gated in them, Krock said: Department Informed Members of Congress
KROCK CHARGES CYNICAL NEWS MANAGEMENT, "Not at all. It served their (the Presi- that there was no evidence of any organized
DISTORTION To KENNEDY dents') purpose and they were doing me no combat force in Cuba from any Soviet-bloc
country. On the same day he received his
Arthur Krock, prize=winning newsman, favor." summar PELLY said, Assistant Secretary of
acses ews with a cynt Kennedy of managing the best sand aid the two Presidents felt that "the Defense William Bundy was telling a House
n
say ewas the New York Military Appropriations Subcommittee in
unm with a peacetime subtlety ngt had to medium"
unmatched in pn peacetme history. g what they- secret session that missile sites of an offen-
I{Snt, the veteran d any any newsmansays, says, in these thesMr. e ese Tim In es. his Fortune article, Krock says that sive nature were being constructed in Cuba.
efforts, rts, has achieved s "the principal onus rests on the the strength of almost 50 years as a news- "I believe the facts regarding the offensive
military buildup in Cuba were in the posses-
printed and 1 yeas c press itself." man, he would make two judgments on what sion of the Department of State when you
Krock, for 2 21 years chief oP the Washing- he calls "management of the news" by Mr. issued the summary stating there was no
ton bureau of the New York Times and more Kennedy and administration officials: issued the Cuban offensive capabilities, i no
recently a Times Washington columnist, 1. A news management policy not only cluding vi of Cuban offensie-apund missile-
levels his indictment in the March issue of exists but, in the form of direct and delib- offensive
Soviet direction d- guidance," PELLY
Fortune magazine: crate action, has been enforced more cyn- said r his letter e Dutton.
He cites, as an affront to Jeffersonian ically and boldly then by any previous ad-
principles of a free press, "the 'information- ministration in a period when the United
al directives' prescribed for the Pentagon States was not in a war or without visible FIFTIETH ANNIVERSARY OF SIX-
and the Department of State when the crisis means of regression from the verge of war. TEENTH AMENDMENT
over Cuba began to harden." He said the 2. In the form of indirect but equally
"weapon" of news management has been deliberate action, the policy has been much The SPEAKER. Under the previous
improperly used to inflate success or gloss more effective than direct action in coloring entleman from
over error "in the aftermath of half-won the several facets of public information, be- order W of ashington the LMr. House the the g g is recognized PELLY]
showdowns, such as President Kennedy's cause it has been employed with subtlety for 60 minutes.
with respect to the Soviet rearmament of and imagination for which there is no his- (Mr. PELLY asked and was given per-
Cuba." toric parallel known to me.
Krock says Mr. Kennedy and high sub- "In the narrow twilight zone between the mission to revise and extend his remarks
ordinates indirectly manage news by direct and indirect methods, the adminis- and to include extraneous matter and a
social flattery of Washington reporters and tration incessantly resorts to three ways to table.)
commentators, and by "selective personal push its news product that work deplorably Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, 50 years
patronage." - ,I well with the press. State of Wyoming became
In the latter category he included ex- "Vulnerable and/or discreditable acts in ago today State the f the Union to came
elusive interviews, attributable to the Presi- foreign policy-such as forcing the Dutch to the 16th State of the the Constitution
dent, which he says have ceased to be a surrender West Guinea to Indonesian black-
rarity. mail, promoting TI.N. charter violation in the of the United States. Thereupon, three-
, Mr. Kennedy," he writes, "prefers Congo, etc.-are explained on the purely as- fourths of the several States had acted
the intimate background briefings of jour- sumptive ground that they were necessary favorably in pursuance Of a joint reso-
nalists, and their publishers, on a large scale, to prevent a confrontation with Soviet Rus- lution of the Congress to authorize a
from which members emerge in a state of sia likely to result in nuclear war. Federal income tax. The U.S.S. Senate
5,
protracted enchantment evoked by the Pres- "Executive decisions sure to be unpopular had passed this resolution July e
Ident's charm and the awesome aura of his are explained as in line with or compelled by ad and passed
a vote slut to 4, the House
office. policies adopted by the Eisenhower Adminis- "The success qP his efforts is attested by a tration. h1909, by of 318 ad passed it a week later.
continent-wide glow in news reporting, edi- "And when the White House is the center Mr. Speaker, little did the Members of
torializing, and comment, which otherwise of such revelations of ineptness in the Ken- Congress of that day realize the extent
might register the lower temperature of im- nedy regime as our public intrusion in the to which their action would change Gov-
personal objectivity." Canadian parliamentary debate on nuclear ernment and the federal system. Little
Krock accuses Mr. Kennedy also of spread- policy, his subordinates make oath that the did Cordell Hull and other supporters of
ing "a false first impression" last year that President, though daily represented as omni- this tax realize its ultimate effect. ACtu-
a budget balance was in prospect. And he scient, knew nothing about it and is `furious' ally, a was believe the tax would never
charges administration officials with anony- (but nobody gets fired)." - exceed 2 aercen.
mows prevarication on such subjects as the In conclusion, Krock says: Today, Mr. Speaker, our House Corn-
said, problem, which, Krock "But it is the indirect methods * * * by mittee Ways and
Means is holding
said, "is 'vlsibly growing worse." which `managements of the news' is chiefly
There was no immediate White House accomplished by the Kennedy administra- hearings on proposed reduction and re-
comment on Iirock's article. At his news tion. This is a public relations project and form of the income tax, and for me, as
conference last Thursday, Mr. Kennedy said the President is its most brilliant operator. for my colleagues and the taxpayers we
in response to a question: "Let me say we "Since the immediate objectives of this represent, it is a time for us to decide as
have had f th limited success in managing selling job are the news reporters in general to what is best in the way of lowering
the news If that is what we have been try - (most definitely including the TV and radio and improving the tax structure.
ing When do." broadcasters), widely read commentators and In this connection, I have been reading
When the questioner, s correspondent May flattered editors, publishers and network
Craig, remarked that t she doesn't bent t believe in moguls in particular, the project is much the proceedings of the 61st Congress, 1st
managed news at all and thinks "we ought more accurately identified by the phrase session, and have reviewed the debate on
to get eveerng we want," the President managing the purveyors of the news.' And the resolution to amend the Constitu-
brought a laugh by replying: "Well, I think ? for any degree to which this project has been tion, which was Senate Joint Resolu-
that you should, too, Miss Craig; I am for successful the principal onus rests on the tion 40.
that." printed and electronic press itself." Actually, the issue was not one of tax-
. Krock, 76, first covered the National Capi-
tal incomes of individuals equally, but
during the administration of William On the same page of the Washington ing U.S. Supreme Court
Howard Taft. As chief of the Times Wash- Post and Times Herald, there appeared a rather iovercome a
ington bureau, 1932-53, he won two Pulit- story entitled "Representative PELLY decision which held that under the then
zer Prizes and a citation equivalent to third. Says State Misled Congress, Press." language of the Constitution, Congress
. He has been a Yong-time friend of the was not authorized to levy a tax on cor-
Kennedy family, and he told an Associated The statement is herewith inserted in porations, because that would not be
Press reporter that he is "absolutely per- the RECORD: apportioning the taxes equally as between
sonally fond" of President Kennedy. REPRESENTATIVE PELLY SAYS STATE MISLED States.
In writing that quotable exclusive inter- CONGRESS, PRESS Mr. Speaker, the 16th amendment, ac-
views with the President no longer are rare, A Republican Member of Congress charged ates, was to be a a war
as they formerly were, Krock recalls the the State Department yesterday with de- cording ower to that its s ad ad bvoce tes to the e be war
protests that arose from the Washington liberately misleading Members of Congress p vital
press corps when President Franklin D. and the. press last fall on the Cuban situa- of the country. But it was not to be a
Roosevelt gave one in 1937, and President tion. peacetime tax.
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 7963.
Approved 8 WaPAOf QWL$-RD gR383R000200220002 ~-,
tional Atomic. Energy Agency, $32,500. of research on plant nutrition, crop diseases,
Preliminary. investigations, $3,000. fertilizer application and effectiveness, soil
The American officials with whom I conditions, animal diseases, milk production,
have checked about this project tell me insect eradication, and development of new
plant varieties through mutations. Over $5
they presume that the agricultural re- million per year of agricultural research Is
search under this program would in- performed with radioisotopes.
volve the use of radioactive isotopes, but Agricultural research often requires years
they remain uncertain about just where to mature because of crop cycles, and
these isotopes for Yugoslavia will come additional time which elapses before results
from, can be applied on the farms. Except in a
As this House knows, I am a doctor. few instances, the agricultural benefits of
As a doctor I am familiar with the many isotopes lie chiefly in the future.
uses for isotopes in medical research. MEDICAL USES
I know also that such :tracer isotopes Following the discovery of radium in 1898,
are equally valuable in plant and animal medical researchers soon recognized the pos-
research and in work with fertilizers. sibilities of using radioactivity.
Most of the isotopes used in the United The supremacy of radioactive elements as
Is
tracers to States are produced by the Atomic En- readily ily apparent define
nt in medical cal nh and processes biological
edicaol
orgy Commission's Oak Ridge, Tenn., fields. The tracers correspond in size and
Laboratories. But I have been told by kind to the thing they trace. They are not
the AEC that it is highly unlikely that a foreign or chemically different-they are the
license could be issued and American material or a true part thereof. Some
isotopes provided to a Communist bloc disease processes that have been studied are
nation. cancer, leukemia, heart malfunctions, arteri-
However, isotopes are available from osclerosis, virus infections, multiple scle-
any nation that can produce them via rosis, arthritis, anemia, gout, and nutri-
tional deficiencies.
nuclear reactors or electron accelerators. In addition to such universal use of tracers
The United Kingdom sells some commer- for bjomedical research, radioisotopes have
cially, I understand, and the Soviet Union made possible some advances in medical
and Czechoslovakia also have reactors, diagnosis. Dynamic tracer diagnostic tests
Yugoslavia also has a small research of the functions of organs in patients have
.reactor, but it is not certain whether been developed for thyroid, heart, liver, kid-
that reactor can produce the isotopes ney, bone marrow, and spleen. Tracer tests
are used routinely
necessary for this United Nations for the total volumeof
plasma, blood or water in the body, , for for life-
gram. time of blood cells, and for localization of
It must be noted here that isotopes tumors, particularly of the brain. Over 2,000
once provided have many other uses hospitals or medical groups use Isotopes for
than agricultural research. They can diagnosis.
be used, for instance, to trace the flow In the area of radiation treatment, radio-
of liquids and gases in pipelines, and to isotopes found early applications in medi-
test and measure strengths and dimen- cine. Many of the therapeutic uses, par-
sions of metals and other materials. principly i a with with X-rays follow the
and e estabblish lished ways and ra-
Isotopes also can be used in studies Of dium. Radioisotopes have greatly extended
insecticides and other biological and these treatments. At the end of 1959 over
chemical materials including materials 300 radioisotope teletherapy units were li-
for chemical and bacteriological war- censed for use in the United States alone.
fare. These units may contain as much as several
nuclear thousand curies of either cobalt 80 or cesium
In short
these radioactive
,
,
,
isotopes are not the sort of thing which 137' of which represents the interaction of a
merican taxpayers should be helping INDUSTRIAL USES nuclear particle or gamma ray with the
American
provide or to buy sho the use helping Most of the widespread applications of detector. The well-known Geiger counter
Communist bloc. of the radioisotopes that industry has developed Is an example of a pulse detector. Another
use very little radiation and fall into two is the proportional counter which is able
The Members of this House may be categories: radioisotopes for tracing, and to identify different radioisotopes according
assured that I am continuing my inves- small radiation source for gaging or testing, to their characteristic radiations. Still an-
tigation into this vital matter concern- Radiotracing applications now in use in- other example is the scintillation counter
ing nuclear research in Red Yugoslavia elude: wear and lubrication tests to find best which operates on the principle that when
subsidized by the American taxpayer. lubricants and conditions of operation, in- ionizing particles pass through certain crys-
One would think that even our one- volving piston rings, gears, and machine tale, liquids, or organic polymers, flashes
worldly State Department would have parts; wear tests on paints, varnishes, wax of light (scintillations) are emitted. An
coatings, and other protective agents; study electron multiplier phototube picks up the
learned the lesson of experience long of detergents and various cleaning agents on faint scintillations and amplifies the result-
ago-that there no longer is any justi- cloth and fabrics; finding leaks inside com- Ing pulses to be detected and identified by
fication for wooing or trying to purchase plicated systems and underground gas stor- the measuring apparatus.
the loyalty of another sovereign nation, age depots; tracing flow in pipelines, streams, In nonpulse- detection systems, the output
particularly a Communist nation. catalytic crackers, chemical processing is the average of the cumulative effects due
Mr. Speaker, in connection with the plants, and fluid or slurry systems, to many interactions of radiation with the
uses of radioactive isotopes, I am in- In the area of radiolnspection, industry detector; no attempt is made to resolve the
eluding at this point in my remarks por- effcientaandcoradioisote stt-saving waydofgmeeting as an the ionization chamber is~a good ee amp e; the
tions of an article from a special report higher quality and greater safety specifica- output is proportional to the total ionization
of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission tions required for many products today- current produced within the detector. An-
listing a number of the uses for these both for civilian and military use. Welds other example is the photographic system.
isotopes in industry, medicine and agri- are routinely radiographed with radioisotope When a piece of film is exposed to radiation,
culture: cameras on ships, tanks, pipelines, and con- the emulsion reacts in the same way as
AGRICULTURAL USES OFISOTOPES tainment vessels. Such radioeyes also are when struck by visible light. The amount
used to tell whether the fuel in rockets of radiation can be estimated from darken-
In agriculture, radioisotopes are an im- meets the rigid requirements of uniformity ing of the film. Colorlmetric detection is
portant tool that is helping scientists to un- so necessary for successful operation. Con- another example. When radiation reacts
lock secrets of the growth of plants and struction of a single ship often requires the with certain chemicals containing chlorine
animals and the pests and diseases that in radiographing of as many as 10,000 welds. (i.e., trichlorethylene and water, or chloro-
jure or destroy them. They are contributing The savings in rejects and elimination of form -and water), hydrochloric acid is
to increasing productivity and better econ- destructive tests for welds, casts, and other formed. This causes a change In color of
omy. They have been applied in a variety fabricated products, Is significant. Even certain dyes, and the degree of color change
more important is the greatly reduced chance
of failures and accidents. Another impor-
tant factor is radiation beam inspection of
rapidly moving packages, cans, sheet ma-
terial, metal strip, and fluid products. Iso-
tope gages have been developed to penetrate
through or reflect from material to measure
levels, content, thickness, or density of a
number of kinds of products.
A broad scope of products now is con-
trolled and improved by isotoype gages.
Since they permit products to be made much
more uniform and of higher quality, the
user or consumer benefits directly as well
as Indirectly through the assistance Isotopes
can give to improved efficiency and produc-
tivity to aid segments of the economy.
High intensity radiation Is starting to
receive its first routine uses, but its full
development depends on considerable re-
search. The intense radiation from large
quantities of fission products may ultimately
find use as a new industrial process reagent
and create new products. Some types of
grafted plastics, such as selective ion ex-
change membranes used in desalting sea
water, can best be produced by irradiation.
DEVELOPMENT OF RADIATION INSTRUMENTS
Since the human senses cannot detect
nuclear radiations except at extremely high
levels, the development of systems of de-
tection and measurement of radiation has
been essential to development of the prac-
tical applications of radioisotopes. The de-
sign and manufacture of such instruments
was the first branch of the private atomic
energy industry established. Many instru-
ments originally were designed and manu-
factured in the Government's atomic labora-
tories, but immediately after the war the
Commission supported development of com-
mercial manufacture. Significant advances
have been made by industry in the develop-
ment of more stable and sensitive circuits
for radioisotope measuring applications. By
1959 some 120 companies were manufactur-
ing a variety of instruments, detectors,
special components, and accessories.
Nuclear radiation detectors developed to
date may be classified according to several
types.
In pulse systems, the output of the de-
tector consists of a series of signals
each
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1-gal CONGRESSIONAL E -
Political career: Following the 1945 revolu- ments bought on easy terms. Superhigh- nez for alleged complicity in 4 homicides
approkimately 15 financial crimes
embezzlement and fraud by which he
tion'which Medina An- ways
industrial su h as for
seaports twith g Interior mountains
gari?a, Perez Jimenez launched his political connect were
career by opposing the seven-man junta cities. In 10 years, Venezuela quadrupled allegedly obtained in excess of $13 million.
headed by Rolnulo Betancourt. He con- its highway mileage and had more good He was arrested at Miami pursuant to a war-
tinuedto oppdse"the Gallegos regime of 1947, roads than Brazil, a country nearly 10 times rant issued west a U.S. adist trireleasedct at Miam on
and the Leftist Accion Demoeratica. In 1948; as large."
when the Accion Democratica government Because slums were created by the sud- bond.
PROCEEDINGS IN V.S. COURTS
lass forced to retire, he became Defense Min- den influx of agricultural workers to the a Safer and a member of the military junta industries in the cities, "the Government district judge sitting as heinextrag tion msg-
that ruled the country and which later be- organized Banco "Obrero, built 10 low-rental
came the Independent Electoral Front. In apartment houses in 1954 and transferred trate extended over a period of almost 2 years
December of 1952 he became Provisional 30,000 families from shacks into new quar- and resulted on June 16, 1961, in the de-
President of Venezuela; was elected Con- tors. Construction was started in 1955 for termination by the extradition magistrate
stitutional President in 1953. He held office about 30 more blocks to accommodate 15,000 that r bab financial orMr. Phad Jimenez'
until January 1`958, when the Government more people. guilt of was overthrown by a coalition opposition According to the Book of Knowledge: "In tablished but that his responsibility for or con
the
icides had which included Accion Democratica and the April Venezuela udaysa adopted
at, Ma cos Pe ez shown of Pursuant to msection 31 4 nt tle be18en,
Communist party.
Prosperity under his administration: Jimenez was elected President. He launched United States Code, the extradition magis-
Venezuela experienced astonishing material a program -of countrywide improvements. trate certified his finding and the record of
progress Under'-the Perez Jimenez regime; In the 1950's, for instance, Venezuela in- the extradition hearing to the Secretary of
reported a surplus in the national budget in vested hundreds of millions of dollars in State and ordered the commitment to jail of
1954 of $64 million. Petroleum production public projects such as housing, waterworks, Mr. Perez Jimenez. He was immediately re-
in. that year was at a high of 2,112,000 schools, highways, harbor improvements, leased on bond pending a decision on his
barrels of oil per day. Fifty-seven percent churches, buildings, and agriculture. Income petition for habeas corpus challenging the
of the national income was used to build from petroleum furnished the money for finding of the extradition magistrate.
highways, housing projects for workers, almost all of the projects. Huge housing Hearings on the habeas corpus petition
schools and hospitals. The Venezuelan projects have changed the living habits of were heard before a U.S. district judge on ern high-
,1961.
conclusion Treasury at Perez Jimenez' resignation con- thousands of people hhfrom tiny th gh ari gsd 24
he district judge found that
tained$7i million. lands. Many people have moved ocee ,According to the Encyclopedia Britannica: shacks into comfortable Government-built ducted r aced da ce wdi awl the been con-
"The Perez Jimenez regime concentrated on apartment buildings."
the development of cities, stimulating the Venezuela encouraged immigration, and ess had been accorded Mr. Perez Jimenez,
growth of an urban middle class * * * dur- more than 340,000 immigrants came from that the evidence presented showed prob-
ing this period the Nation boasted the high- Italy, Spain, Portugal, France, and Austria. able cause to believe Mr. Perez Jimenez com-
est.per capita income among the Central and Relations with Betancourt: Shortly after mitted the financial crimes charged, that the
South American countries." Perez Jimenez assumed the Venezuelan presi- crimes charged were crimes enumerated in
According to the New York Times: Perez dency, former President Romulo Betancourt the treaty between Venezuela and the United
Jimenez was "a man with a mission" who started an 8-week tour of South America, States which, had they been committed
had "dedicated himself to make Venezuela, making protests and charges against the new in this country, would be offenses against
a tropical underdeveloped country of 6 regime. Simultaneously, the Accion Demo- our laws and that the offenses were not po-
million inhabitants, the economic and social cratica and Communist Parties commenced litical in character and thus not exempt from
center of Latin America." agitation, and this resulted in decrees that extradition. Accordingly, the petition for
According to Life magazine' The economy outlawed both and made their political ac- habeas corpus was dismissed. Mr. Perez
under Perez Jimenez "enabled many Vene- tivities illegal. The two parties had fo- Jimenez was again released under bond
zuelan workers, whose average wages have minted strikes in the oil industry with a pending further order of the court.
doubled in 10 years, to replace their rope- view to crippling it and creating economic Appeal was taken by Mr. Perez Jimenez
soled sandals with shoes, buy canned goods crisis. The strikes were accompanied by acts to the U.S. court of appeals. In a lengthy
in the supermarkets and satisfy a craving for of sabotage and violence on a nationwide opinion released on December 12, 1962, the
chicken and ice cream." basis. Colonel Delgado Chalbaud had been court of appeals affirmed the district court's
According to Collier's encyclopedia: "The killed in ambush in 1950; there were four judgment. Immediately upon such affirm-
spectacular economic boom continued un- attempts on the life of Perez Jimenez in the wance as announced, aon s a deadi tthat t d ecision
own
abated. After earmarking an additional period from 1952 to 1954, motion, entced, h order tri revok court,g the bond
wMr. as Perez Jimenez men ez t dyt lNo
$23 million for public works in 1957, the was richest country in Latin America looked THE EXTRADITION CASE OF MARCOS PEREZ under and which
around for impressive projects on an inter- JIMENEZ derty oubt the actn of the court was bayed, i
national scale. The Government pledged BACKGROUND part, the the ionsd the that his sed n-
money at the United Nations for the pro- Mr. Marcos Perez Jimenez served as Presi- ued liberty on bond would enable him to flee
posed Special U.N. Fund for Economic De- dent of Venezuela from 1952 to 1958. which might result in this Government be-
velopment * * * it gave credit to Paraguay He fled from Venezuela to the Dominican ing unable to fulfill its treaty obligations
estimated at $30 million and another $15 Republic early in 1958 when his government should the final decision in the case be that
million loan for development went to was overthrown. He applied for admission to extradition should be granted.
Ecuador." the United States on March 28, 1958, as a BAIL
According to the National City Bank of visitor. He entered the United States in a
New York: Venezuela was in sound financial parole status pending determination of his The laws of the United States make no
condition, and it distributed to its depositors eligibility for admission. On January 7, 1959, provision for bail in an international extra-
a report that recommended the country for he was admitted to the United States as a dition case. The Supreme Court of the Unit-
ed States has stated that a court's discretion
foreign investments. visitor until February 15, 1959, and that visit
According to the Book of Knowledge: was extended to March 13, 1959. Further to grant bail in such cases should be exer-
"Venezuela (underPerez Jimenez) was never requests for extension were denied and, when cised only in unusual and extraordinary cir-
more prosperous. It has new iron mines, he failed to leave the United States within cumstances prior to the holding of the extra-
manufacturlno?, a steel mill, oil refinery, new a reasonable time after expiration of his law- dition hearing and that allowance of bail
railroads, highway's, and ports. The Govern- ful stay, deportation proceedings were in- after a finding of probable cause is incon-
ment enjoys more than a billion dollars a stituted against him. After full hearings, sistent with the extradition laws of the
year in revenue from the oil industry alone. Mr. Perez Jimenez was ordered deported and United States. Nevertheless, Mr. Perez
This wealth has permitted a spectacular pub- that determination by the Immigration and Jimenez was at liberty on bail not only be-
lic works program." Naturalization Service was affirmed on ap- fore but after the extradition magistrate
PV8L2 wa8 peal by the Board of Immigration Appeals on found that a proper case for extradition had
September 8, 1959. been made out under the treaty and U.S. law
According to boiller's Encyclopedia: `The EXTRADITION REQUEST and remained at liberty on bail until first the
multimillion-dollar income from the foreign U.S. district ' court and then the U.S. court
petroleum o6hlp5nies c'ofhiiletely trans- While the deportation proceedings were of appeals, on habeas corpus proceedings, had
formed Caracas and other cities with the pending before the Board of Immigration reviewed the case and rendered their deci-
largest program o4 public works ever under- Appeals, the Government of Venezuela, on sions which, in effect, affirmed the finding of
taken any' here in Latin America. Old August 25, 1959, filed a formal complaint in the extradition magistrate.
buildings were torn down by the hundreds to extradition under the United States-Vent- POLITICAL ASYLUM
make trayfor wide avenues and skyscrapers. zuela Extradition Treaty of 1922 and section
oc ms were being cleared away and 3184, title 18, United States Code, seeking The admission into the United States and
occcupknts were moving into modern apart- the return for prosecution of Mr. Perez Jime- the continued presence in the United States
No. 28-11
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2,14
xKING AND
SA
lmous ' consent to proceed for 1
thg request of the gentleman from Ok-
lahoma?
ere was no objection.
r. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I take
ime e to announce to the House that
this t
the several bills out of the Committee on
Wltys and Means which were scheduled
to; today are being put over until to-
m crow at the request of the distin-
hed d chairman of the committee. I
m.y add that two of these bills will come
at, a later date, H.R. 2862 and House
R solution 57.
Mr. Speaker, I desire also to advise
the House that the first order of business
bri Wednesday will be the supplemental
a0p3'opriation bill, commodity credit,
Public Law 480, and also that on Wednes-
d y the Committee on House Admin-
iscration will bring up several resolu-
tigns, Including the following:
Ouse Resolution 146, Armed Services.
ouse Resolution 204, Banking and
C rrency; Housing.
House Resolution 202, District of Co-
lunnbia.
.House Resolution 243, Foreign Affairs.
IHouse Resolution 80, Government Op-
e4ations.
House Resolution 165, House Admin-
lsLration.
House Resolution 135, Interior and In-
lar Affairs.
1House Resolution 226, Interstate and
Foreign Commerce.
iitRouse Resolution 35, and House Reso-
1 tlon 100, Judiciary.
House Resolution 30, Merchant Marine
a ad Fisheries.
House Resolution 152, Post Office and
v1l Service.
House Resolution 236, and House Reso-
I tion 237, Public Works.
House Resolution 177, Science and
listronautics.
House Resolution 222, Small Business.
House Resolution 249, Un-American
ctivities.
House Resolution 74, Veterans' Affairs.
House Resolution 227, Ways and
There may be some additional resolu-
i eans.
ons from this committee which will
eet In executive session on Tuesday.
more are added they may be pro-
amed for for Wednesday and the balance
the week also.
I may advise, Mr. Speaker, that these
lutions may not necessarily be called
p in the order In which r have an-
ounced them, and I would like also to
dvise the House again that any further
rogram for the week will be announced
ter.
ter.
COMMITTEE ON
CURRENCY
Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Committee
on Banking and Currency be allowed to
sit during general debate in addition to
the time already granted, on February
25, 26, 27.28, and on March 1, 4, and 5.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker,
reserving the right to object, I wonder
what bills are coming up?
Mr. PATMAN. We have the Export-
Import Bank hearings going on now. We
will also take up mass transportation
Wednesday.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Wednesday of
this week?
Mr. PATMAN. Yes. That will go over
to the -end of this period. This is just
for afternoons.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. What length of
time will the gentleman have on the mass
transportation bill?
Mr. PATMAN. We will have probably
a week of hearings.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Is that a state-
ment we can depend on?
Mr. PATMAN. We will finish the
hearings on March 5.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Yes. Will the
chairman arrange for an opportunity to
be given to those persons who oppose this
proposition?
Mr. PATMAN. Yes. This morning
one came in and wanted to be heard.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. This will not
be a hearing in which the proponents
alone will have the opportunity to be
heard?
Mr. PATMAN. No. We have fair
hearings in our committee, and we hear
both sides. We give every witness an
opportunity to be heard.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. How much
money is involved?
Mr. PATMAN. I do not know about
the terms of all the different bills. There
are several bills. It Is quite a sum.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I understand
that the amount mentioned is $500 mil-
lion to start the program.
Mr. PATMAN. Yes. But I think it is
contemplated that only a small part will
be available the first year.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. For the first
year. Then the total cost will run into
million?
Mr. PATMAN. The $500 million Is
the outside figure. Only about $10 mll-
lion will be taken up the first year. I
would not like to be committed to that,
however.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. It will run into
the millions of dollars?
Mr. PATMAN. It will run into mil-
lions of dollars, yes.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. If the chair-
man wants to have the hearing and will
assure the House there will be at least
I week of hearings, with an opportunity
for opponents to be heard also, I have
Mr, Speaker, I note the presence of the no objection.
4istingulshed chairman of the Commit- Mr. PATMAN. I so assure the gentle-
e f e on Banking and Currency, and I man.
- gent that he submit the request which The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
attempted to make earlier and to which the request of the gentleman from Texas?
he gentleman from Ohio objected. There was no objection.
COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE AND
ASTRONAUTICS
Mr. MILLER of California. Mr.
Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that
the Committee on Science and Astro-
nautics may be allowed to sitduring gen-
eral debate in the afternoon session of
the House for the balance of the week.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Cali-
fornia?
There was no objection.
SPACE PROGRAM-ANYTHING
GOES?
(Mr. SIKES asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. SIKES. Mr. Speaker, news cov-
erage in recent days, which states that
NASA has failed to entice away from the
Air Force two of its top space aces with
hefty pay increases, fails to give a true
picture of what is happening. There is
another word for this. It is called pir-
ating. NASA has unlimited funds and
too little concern for cost. This action
must be called disregard for the Amer-
ican taxpayer. Military space programs
are, in the opinion of many, even more
important than NASA's programs. Bid-
ding by Government agencies against
each other for personnel is a bad prac-
tice for all the Government. When that
takes place, the only answer is for each
agency or service to try to outbid the
other and to do so each must constantly
justify to Congress higher grades and
bigger salaries. We, in the United States,
seem to have gotten ourselves into a
dangerous attitude over space efforts.
Anything goes as long as it is for space.
This is not conducive to sound accom-
plishment and it plays havoc with budg-
et problems. Someone upstairs needs
to talk to the space people about realism.
ESTONIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY
(Mr. DERWINSKI (at the request of
Mr. BELL) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, yes-
terday, the 24th day of February, the
Estonian Republic would have celebrated
its 45th anniversary.
I use the term "would have celebrated"
since obviously, the Estonian people now
held in bondage by the Soviet Union are
not free to celebrate the legitimate an-
niversary of their freedom. Certainly,
they are no longer a-free people but do
look forward to the day when their legit-
imate desire for self-determination will
once again- produce a free and independ-
ent Estonia.
However, it is noteworthy that Esto-
nian refugees from Soviet persecution
scattered around the continents of the
world continue to observe this anniver-
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House of RePresentatives
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
The Chaplain, Rev. Bernard Braskamp,
D.D., offered the following prayer:
Psalm 112: 6: The righteous shall be
held in everlasting remembrance.
Almighty God, we thank Thee for that
great day in our national life when we
are again united to commemorate the
birth of George Washington, whom we
reverently and affectionately call the
"Father of his Country."
Our hearts expand with gratitude and
pride as we think of his intrepid spirit
of adventure, his fortitude in times of
hardship, and his fidelity to the prin-
ciples of righteousness and justice which
inspired him to champion the cause of
the oppressed colonists.
We rejoice that he bore witness to a
lofty idealism when he urged his fellow
men to keep alive within their breasts
that little spark of celestial fire called
"conscience."
Above all we are thankful for his
humble and devout faith which sent him
down upon his knees in prayer at Valley
Forge in order that he might know how
to march and keep in step with the
eternal will and wisdom of God.
Grant that the memory of his life may
strengthen and sustain the soul of our
Republic and constrain us to labor in
faith and faithfulness for the blessedness
of all mankind.
Hear us in the name of the Prince of
Peace. Amen.
THE JOURNAL
The Journal of the proceedings of
Thursday, February 21,'1963, was read
and approved.
MESSAGE FROM, THE SENATE
A message from the Senate by Mr.
McGown, one of its clerks, announced
that the President' of the Senate, pur-
suant to section 1(a) (1) of Public Law
87-586, had appointed Mr. HOLLAND and
Mr. SMATHERS to be members of the St.
Augustine Quadricentennial Commis-
SUPPLEMENTAL FUNDS FOR PUB-
LIC LAW 480 AND COMMODITY
CREDIT CORPORATION OPERA-
TIONS
Mr. WHITTEN. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that it shall be in
order to consider on Wednesday, Feb-
ruary 27, a special resolution and report
from the Committee on Appropriations
which will provide supplemental funds
for Public Law 480 and Commodity
Credit Corporation operations for the
balance of the fiscal year 1963,
MONDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 1963
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Mississippi?
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, reserving
the right to object, what was the date?
Mr. WHITTEN. Wednesday of this
week, February 27.
Mr. GROSS. Is this an emergency
situation?
Mr. WHITTEN. It is an emergency
situation. The Corporation is just about
out of funds, and unless these funds are
made available they will have to notify
the Nation that no more funds for the
commodities now supported will be avail-
able unless action is taken in the next
week or 10 days. What we are doing
here is bringing forward from next
year's budget request funds to enable
them to operate at the present time and
not have to stop all price supports.
There has been talk about reducing price
supports on certain classes of cotton.
Then, in regard to corn, they have on
hand about 400 million bushels which
they could sell, but at the present time,
to dump it on the domestic market would
have a depressing effect on the market.
Inn effect it is bringing forward into
this fiscal year some of the funds which
were requested for the coming fiscal year
so as not to have all of this chaos in
regard to it.
Mr. GROSS. If the gentleman will
yield further, does this bill in any way
deal with pending special privilege legis-
lation relating to cotton?
M. WHITTEN. No; no, this. is di-
rected to the Commodity Credit Corpo-
ration in order for it to have funds with
which to operate for the balance of this
fiscal year.
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, I with-
draw my reservation.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker,
further reserving the right to object, I
would like to ask a further question:
Is not this advance or transfer of funds
that would be due for price-support pur-
poses for agricultural products in fiscal
year 1964 to be used in this fiscal year
1963 because the Secretary of Agricul-
ture, Mr. Freeman, found it impossible
to make good on the very glorified
promises he made the American people
and the American farmers about a year
ago as to how he was going to reduce the
cost of farm price supports? Is not that
correct?
Mr. WHITTEN. I would have to say
that there are other factors involved.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Is that one of
the factors involved?
Mr. WHITTEN. Certainly the situa-
tion is not as good, as I had hoped it
would be, and as the gentleman from
Ohio hopes, but in actuality the Con-
gress last year reduced the budget re-
quest by some $800 million, and that
is about $300 million more than is being
restored here.
There are a good many factors that
enter into it. We tried to hold it down.
However, unless we give them some re-
lief, we will have chaos throughout the
country.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio.. Is it not a fact
that the Secretary of Agriculture cer-
tainly did not properly estimate his
needs for price-support money last year,
and did not inform the Congress proper-
ly; is not that correct?
Mr. WHITTEN. I will have to say
this: that the Department and the Bu-
reau of the Budget erred on the side of
too much, because they requested $800
million last year and the Congress ap-
proved. And, may I say the Congress
approved the amount I recommended.
We tried to hold it down. But the re-
quest was far more than we permitted.
This restoration will leave them with
$300 million less than the Bureau of the
Budget requested last year.
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. But it is still
more than the Secretary pledged the
American people it would be, is it not?
Mr. WHITTEN. Certainly there are
many places where I do not think it has
worked out as many people hoped. As
the gentleman from Ohio recalls, I did
not vote for the farm bill because I did
not see soundness of paying cash, when
we had surplus commodities. I also dif-
fered in other respects.
Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I yield to the
gentleman from Iowa.
Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, the facts
are that millions of farmers have a con-
tract with Uncle Sam which Uncle Sam
must honor. The only way Uncle Sam
can keep his word and make that con-
tract good in this instance is for Uncle
Sam to pay the bill which he promised
to pay; is not that right?
Mr. WHITTEN. Certainly, we have
to honor the contracts. May I say in
this situation as far as the Commodity
Credit Corporation is concerned, on the
one hand the law says they have manda-
tory obligations. They have to support
prices as fixed by law. Then they have
another statute which says if they do
support them and they do not have the
money, then they violate that law.
Mr. JENSEN. I am receiving letters
from many farmers saying that Uncle
Sam has not delivered the checks to
them that were promised under contract.
Mr. WHITTEN. We will have to carry
out those contracts.
Mr. JENSEN. It is an obligation, and
if Uncle Sam makes a contract with 1
American or 1 million Americans, it is
our duty as Representatives in the Con-
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 2804 Approved For ReIC RESSION3 AL RERCORD ~OHOUSE 200220002-6 February 25
grass to see that Uncle Sam does keep his
word.
Mr. WIiITI'EN. That is right. Una
der the conservation reserve $he Gov-
ernment entered into a contract, and If
s is an obligation that must be honored.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection
to the request of the gentleman from
Mississippi?
gy
There was.lo objet n.
A _ Ls
the question comes up of whether Soviet
missiles, rockets, Jet fighter planes, tanks,
rifles, and troops In Cuba are offensive
oZ 4e en$fye, we would do well to recall
the incident of last week when the. Cuban
Milt's fired on the unarmed U.B. shrimp
boat Ala. The sting of that incident is
still with us.
Should such an attack happen again,
"Remember the Ala" should be the signal
for blistering U.S. retaliation.
CHICAGO, FISK UNIVERSITY AND
LEONTYNE PRICE
(Mr. O'HARA of Illinois asked and was
given permission to extend his remarks
at this point in the Recoac and to in-
clude extraneous matter.)
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
this is the story of a great city, a great
university and a great singer. It Is a
story in Americanla that projects the
true image of our beloved country. It
was related, 92 years after its inception,
by Mayor Richard J. Daley, of Chicago.
The occasion was Leontyne Price's
triumphant appearance in the vast audi-
torium in McCormack Place before the
largest and perhaps the most wildly and
enthusiastically applauding audience In
Chicago's musical history. Leontyne
Price had come to sing at a benefit to
raise money for Fisk University. The
response was recordbreaking. it 'fol-
lowed the pattern in the many foreign
countries and in the American cities
where a public admiration and adoration
of Leontyne Price reflected the universal
sentiment of millions, The ceded
money raised for Fisk Universi y also..
was recordbreaking as the proc from
a single concert.
But this was the climax of a story that
started 92 years ago, a story told by
Mayor Richard J. Daley as he. spoke
briefly at the concert, welcoming Leon-
tyne Price. In 1871, the year of the
great fire In Chicago, the Fisk Jubilee
Singers sang their first concert. , Every
cent of their fee, $50, they sent to the
then Mayor Joseph Medill to help out
the homeless, suffering people of the
metropolis that fire had all but, wiped
out.
And when Leontyne Price came, to the
city that had been rebuilt from the ashes,
came to raise money for Fisk University,
that In the intervening years like Chi-
cago had been growing and expanding
and servicing mankind, Mayor Daley
paid back the $50 gift of the Fisk Jubilee
Singers of 1871, with interest. This is
Americanla.
Mr. Speaker, by unanimous consent I
am extending my remarks to include the
following review of Leontyne p'rice's
triumphant appearance in Chicago by
Claudia Cassidy in the Chicago Tribune:
LEONTYNR PRICE'S FlsK BexrriT Luacs.$41,000
GROSS AND A DIVIDEND FROM MAYOR DOLLY
(By Claudia Cassidy)
Leontyne Price came back with honey in
the mouth and fire In the heart, an enticing
combination. She enticed a capacity audi-
ence and a gross of $41,000 to the Flak Uni-
versity benefit In the big house in McCor-
mick Place yesterday afternoon, when there
also was a visit, a brief speech, and a
dividend from Mayor Daley.
The mayor said that back in 1871 the Fisk
Jubilee Singers sang their first concert. It
was in Chillicothe, Ohio, and their total, in-
clusive fee was $50. Then they heard of the
Chicago fire and they sent every penny of It to
Mayor Josep Medlll, to help out. Mayor
Daley returned the gift, with interest, but
he did not say how much, and neither did
Edward W. Beasley, who thanked him for the
check. On Inquiry, It turned out to be $500.
No one had quite known in advance what
even a singer of Miss Price's potency would
make of a song recital to a theater seating
5,000. At least where I sat on the fifth row
it worked out surprisingly well. The gray
steel curtain had been lowered, the piano
pushed out front, and a kind of "Aida" or
"Cleopatra" effect set up by five tall pillars
in muted fireglow,'with discreet lighting for
shadows. Except for occasional slight huski-
ness in the low voice-it blurred the Mozart
trill-Miss Price was singing superbly, and
the quality projected even when she spoke.
If you thought, as some did, that you
never had heard her to better advantage, it
was partly because in opera she so often
singe dramatic soprano roles, while in re-
cital she could cling to her true realm of the
lyric or lirico spinto. It was also an advance
in musicianship, In presence, in ease before
a large audience, but primarily it was voice.
This is one of the loveliest voices In the
world, in its luster, Its purity, its soaring
excitement, Its sudden depth of feeling, and
the way it can wrap opera right around its
little finger.
That last happened when she invaded Re-
nata Tebaldi's domain for the two caressing
arias from Cilea's "Adriana Lecouvreur"-
for even poison caresses Adriana before it
kills her. Here for just a second Miss Price
turned into the tiger cat coaxed out when
Hervert von Karajan conducts. Her Donna
Anna was more stately than when she does
the role with him, but no less beautiful.
Her program was rather a brave one for a
benefit performance, Schubert, with "An die
Later," "Liebesbotschaft" and "Die Allmacht"
outstanding; an interesting group of Poulenc
songs programed before his death and sung
in his memory and to do him honor; four
Samuel Barber songs set to poems by James
Joyce, "Nuvoletta" in particular done with a
special and capricious skill.
At the back of the house for the spirituals,
acoustics backfired. What had been David
Garvey's dull piano sounded fresher, but you
would not have recognized Miss Price.
BEFORE ACTING ON CUBA
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr.
Speaker, only yesterday on a national
television network the Chairman of the
Council of the Organization of Ameri-
can States, Dr. Gonzalo Facio, reiterated
his plea for U.B. leadership before the
OAS can act on the Cuban problem.
The OAS leader said that the OAS can
only playa role secondary to the United
States in relations with Cuba.
In addition to these encouraging
statements, the OAS President stated
that growing dissatisfaction with the
Cuban military and civilian establish-
ment makes anti-Castro moves par-
ticularly timely. He recommended In-
ternal action as an adjunct to concerted
action by the nations of this hemisphere.
As a further indication of OAS re-
ceptiveness for U.S. initiative, Dr, Facio
stated that in his Judgment the hemi-
spheric organization would even go as far
as supporting a total U.S. blockade of
Castro's island, thus placing Cuba in
solitary confinement in this hemisphere.
Mr. Speaker, in the more than 3 years
of Castroism in Cuba. we have seen this
island reinforced almost daily under our
very noses. There have been heighten-
ing cries for action from the Congress
and other areas of prominence such as
the press throughout the Nation. How-
ever, this is the second time this year
that the president of the international
organization has called for solid U.S.
initiative.
I reiterate my call that the United
States close Its seaports to ships calling
in Cuba as a first act of U.S. leadership.
After so doing, this Government should
then turn to the OAS quickly, proposing
that the hemispheric body adopt the fol-
lowing U.S. recommendations:
First. Close the seaports of this hemi-
sphere to ships calling in Cuba.
Second. Close the airports of this
hemisphere to airlines with flights into
Cuba.
Third. Ban relay of telecommunica-
tions messages to and from Cuba.
Fourth. Impose a travel curb on
movement of Castro agents and propa-
ganda throughout Latin America,
Fifth. Freeze all Cuban Government
funds now on deposit in Latin American
financial institutions.
Mr. Speaker, Latin America awaits
U S. Initiative while we engage in a de-
bate of semantics as to whether or not
Russian military strength In Cuba is
offensive or defensive. One Soviet sol-
dier In Cuba is one too many, Whenever
HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSKI
(Mr. O'HARA of Illinois asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute to revise and extend
his remarks and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speak-
er, It is a matter of pleasure and of pride
to all the Members of this body when one
of our colleagues, regardless of the side
of the aisle he occupies, is accorded edi-
torial commendation all must regard as
richly deserved.
ROMAN Pucros I was an Air Force
pilot. He led his bomber group in the
first B-29 bombing raid over Tokyo. In
all he flew 48 combat missions over Ja-
pan. Now as a distinguished Member of
the Congress he was called upon that
wartime experience to render a service _
that well may result in the giving of
greater safety to travel by air and the
minimizing of the number of plane
crashes.
I include in my remarks the editorial
from the Chicago Sun-Times of February
23, 1963, that tells the story and pays to
the Honorable RoatsN C. Pucrrmsai, a
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 1963
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CONGRE? I$N D L 2745
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there 225. Red Russia pledged and put up $5 itself with my concept of fairness and
objection? The Chair hears none, and million. We pledged and put up $100 decency either to the people of the
it is so ordered. The resolution will be million. The other Communist nations, United States or to the people of the
stated. consisting of Albania, Bulgaria, Byelo- world.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A resolution russia, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Poland, Castro and his Communist govern-
(S. Res. 90) amending rule XXV of the Mongolia, Rumania, Ukraine, Cuba, and ment want all of the benefits which can
Standing Rules of the Senate relating Yugoslavia put up $8,228,225. be provided by the United Nations with-
to standing committees. I repeat that the total contributed by out being willing to bear any of the
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I all the Communist countries to the spe- obligations.
Government has put up $100 mil-
The suggest the absence of a quorum. cial fund was $8,228,225. Our govern-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The ab- ment alone contributed $100,400,000. lion, while all of the Communist gov-
sence of a quorum is suggested. The Cuba is a member of the United Na- ernments of the world, in 5 years, as
clerk will call the roll. tions. It pledged $55,000 for the special I have indicated, have pledged $8,228,-
The Chief Clerk proceeded to call the fund, as follows: $5,000 in 1960, nothing 000, and, as I have said, Castro is in ar-
roll. . in 1961, $25,000 in 1962, and $25,000 in rears $496,000.
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, I ask 1963, making a total of $55,000. One can recognize the charter pro-
unanimous consent that the order for the Of the $55,000 pledged, Cuba has not visions that there should be no decision
quorum call be rescinded. paid 1 penny. It has paid not 1 penny made on the basis of ideology and poli-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The of its obligation to finance the operations tics, but there were grounds to make a
Senator from Ohio has asked unanimous in the Gaza strip and in the Congo. It decision that Cuba was in arrears, was
consent that the order for the quorum is in arrears in the payment of its normal flouting its responsibilities to the United
call be rescinded. Is there objection? assessments for the management of the Nations, and therefore was not entitled
The Chair hears none, and it is so United Nations. As of this date Cuba is to the charity and beneficence of the
ordered. in arrears $496,000 of its obligations to citizens of the United States.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, will the the United Nations. It has paid prac- Finally, this is an affront and an insult
Senator yield? tically nothing. to every taxpayer of the United States.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does the Two or three months ago Cuba paid In effect, it states to the U.S. citizen,
Senator from Ohio yield to the Senator $160,000 of its arrearage in the special "You give. We will not hold others even
from South Dakota? operating assessments because it wanted morally responsible, but you must con-
Mr. LAUSCHE. I yield. to avoid being expelled. tinue with your charity and observe your
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The Let us keep in mind the picture. Cuba high ethical principles, regardless of the
Senator from Ohio yields to the Senator is in arrears $496,000, and has paid not 1 insults perpetrated upon you."
from South Dakota with the under- penny of its pledges for the special fund Mr. JOHNSTON. Mr. President, will
standing that he will not lose his right and not 1 penny for its obligations in the Senator yield?
_ . . . .. .. ,_ _ -.__-d Mr T.ATTSCHE T yield to the Senator
Caroli
__
Nations in the Congo and in the Gaza - ~??? --
Cuba wants the benefit of the Mr. JOHNSTON. I am very much in-
i
t
r
p.
s
- ITED NATIONS AID TO CUBA work of the United Nations and of the terested in what the Senator from Ohio
LAUSCHE. Mr. President, there funds of the United Nations but does is saying and the point he is making at
/haY%een considerable discussion about not wish to bear its obligations. this particular time. I presume the Sen-
the wisdom and justification of the Let us see what is contemplated by ator would be in favor of Cuba and the
United Nations, through its Special Fund, way of aid to Cuba. The item which is other nations which are in arrears either
giving aid to Cuba. Within the last immediately in controversy is a $1,- paying up or getting out.
few days I heard a number of comments 157,000 grant out of the special fund Mr. LAUSCHE. I want them to make
and read some articles contending that to help the Cuban Communist govern- an honest effort to pay their obligations
our Government, in objecting to the ment solve its agricultural problems. and pledges; not to adopt the position
grant of -aid out of the Special Fund to There have also been pledged to the that they shall give nothing and take
Cuba, was making a serious mistake. I Government of Cuba two other sums. everything.
do not agree with that view. In my In the 1961-62 financial period, Cuba is Mr. JOHNSTON. I agree with the
Judgment, the United Nations grant of programed to receive $445,883 covering Senator thoroughly. I think they ought
aid to Cuba out of the Special Fund 10 projects to be carried out in Cuba to be given a certain time limit in the
would perpetrate a direct affront upon by the United Nations Food and Agri- near future to pay up. Then, of course,
the United States. cultural Organization; the International they would be in good standing.
My reasons for making that statement Labor Organization; the United Nations ' Mr. LAUSCHE. The United Nations
are as follows: I recognize that the Spe- Educational, Scientific, and Cultural now has a provision that if a Nation is in
cial Fund set up in the United Nations is Organization; and the World Health arrears for 2 years with respect to a cer-
contemplated for use in helping dis- Organization. In addition to the sums tain category of obligations it must step
tressed people around the world, keep- I have already mentioned-$1,157,000 out, and that is the only reason why the
ing in mind that political and ideological and the last sum of $445,883-there is Communist government of Cuba paid the
leanings should not be considered. Rec- programed an additional sum of sum of $160,000 recently, while remain-
ognizing fully that principle as being in $405,780. The program to be covered ing in debt and in arrearage in the sum
force, I still am' of the opinion that the by this third sum envisages $69,000 for of $496,000.
Special Fund should not have been made an ILO social security project in Cuba, Mr. JOHNSTON. Would not the Sen-
available to Castro and his communistic $160,000 for an FAO fisheries project, ator be in favor of nations in arrears
government. $54,000 for a UNESCO marine biological not being allowed to receive money out of
I direct the attention of the Senate to project, $13,500 for a UNESCO educa- any United Nations fund until they pay
a bit of the statistical background of the tion project, $17,280 for an ICAO civil up?
United Nations Special Fund. It is a aviation project, and $152,000 for the Mr. LAUSCHE. That is the point I
voluntary Fund created by the contri- WHO public health work. am trying to make.
butions of various nations-of the world. As closely as i have been able to figure Mr. JOHNSTON. I agree with the
From 1959, the date of the establishment out, since Castro became the chief of Senator emphatically.
of the Fund, down to 1963, the sum of Cuba and since the Communists have Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
$251 million has been expended from the taken over, Cuba has paid into the suggest the absence of a quorum.
Special Fund of the United Nations. Of United Nations $160,000 and is in ar- The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
that $251 million, the U.S. Government rears in the sum of $496,000, while Cuba clerk will call the roll.
put up $100,400,000, or 40 percent of the is to receive the sum of $2.2 million. The Chief Clerk proceeded to call the
amount. With due respect to some who are try- roll.
In the same period all of the Commu- ing to justify this action on the part Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I
nist nations of the world, including Yugo- , of the United Nations, I must say that ask unanimous consent that the order
slavia, pledged the total sum of $8,228,- what is being done does not reconcile for the quorum call be rescinded.
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