CUBAN AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200220004-4
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 40
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 7, 2004
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: February 21, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

1963-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A RR7
~?~~a fur r,;senoerg, a retired business- Eisenberg was a
man, former. State. senator And former depu- 1 thi
c
ty judge of th
e Old Willimantic Police and In September of the latter year he opened
City Court, Were held, at the. Bank Street Ben's Toggery Shop at 51 Church Street and
synagogue of Temple B'nai Israel. Rabbi continued at this location until 1933 when he
Amos Edelhelt officiated. moved to Main Street. Later he took over
Burial was in the Con
re
ation S
g
g
ons of the Bowman clothing store and continu
Israel Cemetery at Perkins Corner, Mans- this enterprise until retiring in Novembeedr
field. State Senator Arthur J. Lucas Jr., of 1958. While he had been in failing health,
Chaplin, represented Gov, John N. Dempsey, his passing was unexpected.
at the rites. Eisenberg had long been a faithful mem-
A memorial week will be held at the home her of the Democratic Party serving the 29th
of his son, Marvin Eisenberg, of 21 Manor district in the State senate, 1933-34. He was
Lane, Wapping, where friends may call. town treasurer of the democratic committee
Eisenberg, who was 70, died Sunday at his for many years, and served as judge and as
home at 305 Pleasant Street. He was active clerk of the former -city and police court on
until the end, visiting the Chronicle office separate occasions. At his death he was
a couple of days before his death. democratic registrar of voters.
He was treasurer of the Windham-Willi- Eisenberg served as a member of the zon-
mantic Democratic Town. Committee, a post ing board of appeals in this city and was
he held for many years. He also served as chairman of the aviation committee. His
clerk of the city and police court, retiring other civic interests included being a mem-
ing in 1957. He also served as member of the ber of the YMCA board of directors. Long
city zoning board of appeals and was former- a member of the Congregation Sons of Israel
ly a member of the board of directors of the he was Its president for 2 terms and treas-
Willimantic YMCA. urer for many years. He has been a leader
Eisenberg was president of the synagogue in its brotherhood and for several years was
for two terms and its treasurer for many chairman of the United Jewish Appeal.
years. He was chairman of the United Jew- Mr. Eisenberg was born February 22, 1892,
ish Appeal for several years, was a leader in and is survived by one daughter, Mrs. Milton
the synagogue's Brotherhood and
ti
i
ac
ve
n Case, of Bloomfield, and a son, Marvin Eisen-
other civic and philanthropic agencies. berg, of Wapping; seven grandchildren, five
During his term as State senator from the sisters, Mrs. Louis Pollack, Norwich; Mrs.
29th district, the nine southern towns of Thomas Gibson, Willimantic; Mrs. Morris
Windham County, in 1933-34, he was chair- Kelman, Willimantic; Mrs. George Miller,
man:. of the Senate Aviation Committee. He Hartford; and Mrs. Morris Brown, of New
was reelected registrar for another 2-year- Britain.
term last November.
FORTY-FIVE YEARS A MERCHANT [From the Hartford (Conn.) Courant, Jan. 7,
Eisenberg had a 45-year career as a mer- 1963]
chant here until his retirement due to ill BENJAMIN EISENBERG DIES-FORMER STATE
health in November. 1958. He operated Ben's SENATOR
Toggery Shop for 37 years. He started his WILLIMANTIC-Former State Senator Ben-
business career by going to work for his jamin Eisenberg, 70, retired Willimantic busi-
father, Samuel Eisenberg, in the old Sur- nessman, died Sunday at his home at 305
prise Store On Jackspn street at the age of Pleasant Street.
16 and continuing there for, 8 years. Eisenberg was State senator in 1933-34,
For 5 years, from 1916 to 1921 young Eisen- serving as chairman of the aviation commit-
berg was on the road as,a traveling salesman tee. He was treasurer of the Democratic
for a clothing house. Ben's Toggery was Town Committee for many years and was
first located In the. Clark Building, 51 Church clerk of the city and police court until his
street and moved. to, Main Street following retirement in 1957. He also served on the
berg's election as Banat r
present quarters of Ben's OPERATED STORE
Eagle Shoe Store,
its homg for 6 years. Eisenberg then, moved He operated Ben's Toggery Shop for 37
to the Hall Block in 1939, taking over the old years before retiring in 1958 because of ill
Bowman Clothing store and renovating the health. Before that, he worked for his father
front, He maintained that store until his at the old Surprise Store on Jackson Street
retirement. and was a traveling salesman for a clothing
Eisenberg was born in Austria and brought house.
to this country as a, baby by his parents At the time of his death he was Demo-
Mr. and Mrs, Samuel Eisenberg. They first cratic registrar of voters.
settled in Haverstraw, N.Y., and moved to Born in Austria, Mr. Eisenberg first set-
Willimantic in 1908. tied ip .Haverstraw, N.Y., and then moved to
In addition. to his son, Eisenberg leaves a Willimantic in 1908.
daughter, Mrs. Milton Case of Bloomfield; Mr. Eisenberg was president of Congrega-
five sisters, Mrs., George Miller of West Hart- tion Sons of Israel for two terms and its
ford; Mrs. Thomas Gibson of Willimantic.- treasurer for many years. - He was a leader
Mrs. Morris Kalman Of. Willimantic; Mrs. in the synagogue's brotherhood and chair-
Louis Pollack of.Norwich. and Mrs. Morris man for several years of the United Jewish
Brown of New Britain, and five grand- Appeal.
children. ON YMCA BOARD
a
...... o hYMCA board
[From the Nor yjci
(Con.) Bulletin, of directors and of numerous other civic and
Jan. 7, 1963]n philanthropic aganriav
Friends may call during memorial week at
the home of his son, Marvin Eisenberg, of 21
Manor Lane, Wapping.
Memorial contributions may be made to
the donor's favorite charity.
The Weinstein Mortuary, of Hartford, is
in charge of arrangements.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. W. J. BRYAN DORN
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. DORN. Mr. Speaker, the follow-
ing resolution was unanimously adopted
on Friday, February 15 by the executive
committee and cotton policy committee
of the American Textile Manufacturers
Institute, Inc.
Mr. Speaker, I agree with the senti-
ments expressed by this resolution:
STATEMENT RY EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF
AMERICAN TEXTILE MANUFACTURERS INSTI-
TUTE REGARDING CURRENT COTTON LEGISLA-
TIVE SITUATION -
The American textile industry is deeply
disturbed and disappointed over develop-
ments of the past week that resulted in a
setback of legislation designed to achieve
the announced intention of President Ken-
nedy and his administration to "remove the
inequity created by the present two-price
cotton system." .
The industry's alarm and disappointment
is magnified by the resistance of the ad-
ministration to that portion of the legisla-
tion which would have specified that Ameri-
can-grown cotton should be made available
to domestic mills at the same price it is made
available for export. The administration
supported, instead, a provision that would
give discretion to the -Secretary of Agricul-
ture in determining a spread between the
domestic and foreign price.
It is the carefully considered opinion of
the American Textile Manufacturers Insti-
tute that anything less than a clear-cut re-
turn to a one-price system will result in a
continuation of the deplorable lack of.con-
fidence now prevalent throughout the cotton
economy.
So long as the U.S. Government tolerates
a policy under which textile mills in Japan,
Hong Kong, India, or Europe can buy Amer-
ican-grown cotton at a lower price than do-
mestic mills must pay for the same cotton,
there is' bound to be distrust, uncertainty
and deterioration.
The entire cotton economy, including the
millions of people involved with the price-
handicapped textile-apparel industry com-
plex, were heartened when President Ken-
nedy announced his intentions to eliminate
the inequity of the two-price system last
To Informed cotton and textile individuals
DEATH oT'FORMER. 7IkTr SENATOR BENJAMIN He leave s a son, Marvin Eisenberg, of Wap- everywhere, the extent of the inequity
ping; a daughter, y t the
-
E~stlz~lDERG Mrs. Milton Case, of Bloom- level of the export subsidy on raw cotton-
Former state senator Benjamin Eisenber field; five sisters, Mrs. George Miller, of West nothing more and nothing less.
g Hartford; Mrs. Thomas Gibson, of Willi- Prior to the export subsidy, American and
died unexpectedly at his home, 305 Pleasant mantic; Mrs. Morris Kalman, of Willimantic; foreign mills competed for American cotton
Street, Sunday morning. A resident of this Mrs. Louis Pollack, of Norwich; and Mrs. on an equal basis. We seek only a return to
city for many years, he came from Austria Morris Brown, of New Britain; and seven that basis.
with his parents while a youngster, first set- grandchildren. n ding in Haverstraw, N.Y., and then with the Funeral services will be held this afternoon confronted hwitht one aof then 'most
came to Willimantic in 1908 serious
parents, Mr. and Mrs.amueI Eisenberg, at 2 at the Congregation Sons of Israel in emergencies in histofy. Cottonlydeclining;
consumption
. Willimantic. Rabbi Amos Edelheit will of- in the United States is
Ben, then 16, became employed in his ficiate. Burial 'will be in Congregation acreage is being reduced; Cotton farm income
father's Surprise Store on Jackson Street, Sons of Israel Cemetery, Perkins Corner, is suffering; competing fibers and other prod-
-remaining there 8 years. From 1916 to 1921 Mansfield.
ucts are rapidly taking over cotton's mar-
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)Lots; export sales of cotton and cotton prod-
ilcts are declining; stocks of cotton are piling
up in Government hands at exhorbitant
Costs; many mills are on short time; payrolls
owe suffering; confidence in cotton and its
Future is at an alltime low.
Because the leadership of the entire raw
cotton industry, from growing through
nnanufacturing, from New England to Call-
fornia, recognizes this deplorable situation.
:there is virtually unanimous agreement on a
course of action. This agreement was ex-
pressed 2 weeks ago when all segments of the
industry including farmers, ginners. ware-
-housemen, merchants, cottonseed processors.
,and mill men, participating in the annual
!meeting of the National Cotton Council,
agreed on the need for "' ' ' action to make
U.S. cotton available to American mills at
the sarde price as it is made available to for-
Sign mills under the present law."
With such widespread support this admin-
latration has a unique opportunity to reverse
the tragic course of this vast agricultural-It In the ri direction, and d restore complex, it dthe confidence
ential to the creation of
l
y ess
that is absolute
a vital, dynamic enterprise. Fund, then it should at least place
But a piecemeal approach will not do the enough strings on such money to assure
job. It will not generate the necessary levels the U.S. taxpayers that none of their
of increased cotton consumption; it will not money will be used to assist, in any man-
imports offset the burdensome portion of ner, Communist governments.
imports now occurring specifically because of
t
the unfair cotton pricing system: it will no
justify the acreage expansion so essential to
efficient and profitable cotton farming. In
short, it will not restore confidence.
A discretionary, piecemeal solution will be
viewed only as a handout, or a subsidy to
the domestic industry, The American textile
industry has never been' and is not now in
favor of a subsidy. It does not want it.
Along with the whole raw cotton industry.
and many of our friends In the Congress, we
reluctantly agree to an equalization pay-
ments approach only as the very last recourse
to eliminate the intolerable two-price sys-
tem, thereby gaining a period of time for the
cotton economy of this country to make the
adjustments that are essential to the devel-
opment of a sound future.
The American Textile Manufactures Insti-
tute restates its firm conviction that a com-
plete return to a one-price system to funda-
mental both to the cold realities of the cur-
rent situation and to generating the support
necessary to insure legislative action in the
immediate future.
We urge upon the administration and the
Congress immediate action to insure that an
American textile mill, employing American
t the
citizens, can buy American cotton a
same price as it is sold abroad.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. WILLIAM H. HARSHA
oir OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
agricultural project of the U.N., and
there Is no way to differentiate between
U.S. funds and other funds in this ac-
count. If this project is allowed to pro-
ceed, the United States will be con-
tributing to the perpetuation of its own
foes.
Of what value are so-called economic
sanctions, quarantines, and other meas-
ures to halt subversion from Cuba If, at
the same time, the United Nations fi-
nances efforts to enhance the agricul-
tural economy of Cuba?
Such aid as -this will merely assist
Castro in his efforts to subvert Latin
America. it will aid in the spreading of
communism throughout the Western
Hemisphere and the United States
should refrain from giving aid and com-
fort to any such program by refusing to
appropriate the necessary funds for the
U.N. Special Fund.
If Congress is going to persist In ap-
propriating money for the U.N. Special
What Is a Farmer?
city relatives visit them, salesmen detain
them and wait for them, weather can delay
them, but it takes Heaven to stop them.
A farmer is both faith and fatalist-he
must have faith to continually meet the
challenges of his capacities amid an ever-
present possibility that an act of God (a
late spring, an early frost, tornado, flood,
drought) can bring his business to a stand-
still. You can reduce his acreage but you
can't restrain his ambition.
Might as well put up with him-he is your
friend, your competitor, your customer, your
source of food, fiber, and-self-reliant young
citizens to help replenish your cities. He is
your countryman-a denim-dressed, bust-
nesawlse,, fnst-growing statesman of stature.
And when he comes in at noon, having spent
the energy of his hopes and dreams, he can
be recharged anew with the magic words:
"The market's up"
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. BOB WILSON
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. BOB WILSON. Mr. Speaker,
under leave to extend my remarks in the
RECORD, I include the following article
from the San Diego Union, of Febru-
ary 19,1963:
TAx LAWS TERMED "STOCK MART DANGER"-
NEW YORK EXCHANGE PRESIDENT CRITICIZES
CAPITAL GAINS LEVY IN BORREGO TALK
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
I
HON. SAMUELS. STRATTON
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
3
Thursday, February 21,196
Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, it is
my privilege, as a result of the reap-
portionment changes that took place this
year in the congressional districts in
New York, to represent in this great body
one of the most important agricultural
districts in the Nation. I am proud In-
deed to be a farmer's Congressman and
I shall continue to work and fight in
the future as I have in the past in be-
half of the farmers of upstate New York.
As a farmers' Congressman I was
greatly impressed with an eloquent edi-
torial I read the other day in the Cato
Citizen of Cato, N.Y., for Februay 7,
1963. Under leave to extend my re-
marks I include the editorial herewith:
WHAT IS A FARMER?
A farmer to a paradox-he is an overall
executive with his home; his office; a scien-
tist using fertilizer attachments; a purchas-
ing agent in an old hat: a personnel director
with grease under his fingernails: a dietitian
with a passion for alfalfa, amine, and anti-
biotics; a production expert with a surplus;
and a manager battling a price-cost squeeze.
BoaREGo SPRINGS.-Tax laws affecting in-
vestors were one of the triggers in an actual
day of panic that struck the Nation's stock
markets last May 28, Keith Funston, presi-
dent of the New York Stock Exchange, told
the annual conference of Copley publishers
and executives here yesterday.
While Funston told a reporter that It is
unlikely that the market stands in any simi-
lar danger today, he said oldtimers in the
financial centers of New York found selling
just as emotional and fear-ridden on that
day as it was during the 1929 crash, with
frenzy added to the selling waves by the effect
of the capital gains tax.
Funston explained that the major selling
was by medium and large, not small, inves-
tors who previously were "locked in" from
selling stocks because of the existence of the
25-percent maximum tax on long-term capi-
tal gains.
When it appeared that the market might
sink to new lows, these investors tried to be
"the first to reach the door" by selling their
stocks, either to conserve their capital or
their longstanding profits, or to buy back in
at a much lower level which still could allow
them a benefit from selling.
Funston said the capital gains tax at its
present rate, by its effect in "freezing" owner-
ship of stocks or other investments, not only
serves to accentuate market movements but
also may be depriving the Government of
,
y
ru
e
businessmen in wwnn. easlly obtainable revenues. --
Thursday,
Mr. HARSHA. Mr. Speaker, in light He likes sunshine, good foods. State fairs, the capital gains tax were cut in half the
of recent events and the ever-present dinner at noon, auctions, his neighbors, his Government would get 2'/Z times as much
threat of communism, I call upon Con- shirt collar unbuttoned and, above all, a revenue from it," he said.
gress to refuse to appropriate any funds good soaking rain in August. Of President Kennedy's tax revision pro-
which would be used either directly Or He is not much for droughts, ditches, posals, Funston said, "You have to give the
in throughways, experts, weeds, the 8-hour day, Government credit for recognizing the sti-
indirectly finance project grasshoppers or helping with housework. fling effects of the present tax structure on
Cuba . Communist-dorm- Farmers are found in fields-plowing up, economic growth."
noted or or in to any
controlled other any country. Seeding down, rotating from, planting to. However, he predicted that Congress would
The United States is paying 40 per- fertilizing with, spraying for, and harvesting. twist on cuts in spending before accepting
cent of the cost of the Q.N. Special Wives help' them, little boys follow them, tax cuts of the magnitude suggested, and
Fund, the account financing the Cuban the Agricultural Department confuses them, he also said investors "are going to fight with
1963
21
ar
F
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 I.~//~~ p~p P65~pIl pp~200220004-4
"Approved Fo ?~
1863 INIftR6lZI7 .KPPM
Ida Need To Soak Taxpayers When Self- One concrete result was the more than
' i 1,000 individual science projects by Flint
,Het[1 fan W YQA$
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
area students last year. Of that number
875 were entered in the fair.
science Service is responsible for motivat-
ing youngsters in other ways than through
HON, CHARLES E CHAMRERLAI
meet in our schools, and more recently has
piCIIt~i}~ conducted science talent searches from coast
IN THE HOUSE OF 11,E PR,ESENTATIV'ES to coast.
'hursday February 21, 1963 Flint students participating in the talent
search and science clubs in Flint-area schools
Mr CItlBtLAIN l4r, Speaker, in are affiliated with Science Service, which pro
1958, Public Law 85 875'was enacted` t6 vides literature, project materials and teach-
autharize tale Colrimlps one: of Eduua- ing aids at no cost to the schools.
age and assist ,,, the Since it was founded in 1921, Science Serv-
4, o.,
u
tablishxnenl of clubs throughout the
United, Ste tesfor ? young people_especial-
ly interested in science, a most coin-
mendable 'objective with which all Amer-
icans can agree. The act provided that
a corporation, be granted a charter :by
Congress to help the Commissioner car-
ry out this assignment and last year, the
Honorable FRANCIS WALTER introduced
legislation to grant this charter to the
Science Service, Inc., which has demon-
strated most illustriously its fulfillment
of the requirements indicated by Public
Law 8'75. _
The bill was passed by the House but
was not considered on the floor. of the
Senate. however, Congressman WALTER
has again introduced the proposal, H.R.'
824, to grant a charter to Science Service,.
Inc., and I am very hopeful that this leg-;
islation will be enacted during the pres-
ent session of Congress:. In this con
nection, under' unanimous consent, I in-
sert an editorial from the Flint, Mich.,
Journal, of February ft in` the "CONGRES
SIONAL RECORD since i ,states so well the
excellent reasons for porting this leg-
islative request: ,y
NO I~4E 1`
ED To SOA){ AXPA FRS R
EN
ELF-ELP PLAN~~ ORI 5
Flint area students in elementary junior
high, and senior high schools are at work
experimenting and" pr'epar'ing `exhibits for
the seventh-annual Flint Science Fair: at
IMA Auditorium.
The fair Is 7 wselts away, but projects are
well underway at all schools. 'In some cases,
preparations began last spring soon after the
completion of the 100 Flint Fair. 'Every
exhibit by a budding scientist'that will be
judged in April will represent months of
study, concentration, and hard work.
Last year's award winners received prizes
totaling $4,200. The amount will be more
this time, _ Already, seven scholarships worth
$3,750 have' been announced.
Flint's Pali, as are more than 200 other
such local fairs across the,cquntry, is sp'o'n-
sored by area public and parochial schools,
community service "organizations and busi-
ness and industrial firms' with help and en
couragement from Science Service, Inc.,
sponsor of the annual National Science Fair-
International to which the Journal sends
local award winners. From information which was available
to Congress as well as to the White House,
In 1958, Flint was host to the national
fairve at eh n 1 30,000 , ersons attended' to` we came to the conclusion that the signs fro~ p 150 :fair in the of what was being done between Russia
United StAtc9, Japan, and Vvest Germany. and Cuba pointed to the ii evita"ble-that
It did. much to call attention to Flints ever Russia was arming Cuba for offensive
expanding educational facilities and pro- purposes.
grams. It also stimulated greater interest Gen. Thomas D. White, former con-
in Iocal scleuce fair participation and ex- monde: of the U.S. Air Force and now
cellexlce. :, retired, has written one of the most
new interest and continue dsxio-
>~rom this'
tlvatlon,, by Science Service, elementary succinct and direct observations of what
school fairy yvere started to promote inter- has been happening psychologically in
school science activities and increase inter- this country from the White House down
est in the annual Flint Fair, to the lowest citizen. As General White
A843
has so well put it, what happened in
Cuba, instead of being an eye opener,
should be a shocker to those in high po-
sition in the Government, as to the im-
plications of what the future holds for us
in the long pull with communism.
As General White has again said this
"great national orgy of self-congratula-
tion" could result in the greatest mis-
calculation- for disaster in our history.
Our naivete in believing that Russia was
coming with 15,000 members of the
armed forces to plant defensive missiles
in Cuba almost brought us to a major
disaster.
Constant vigilance is the price of sur-
vival in the nuclear age. We may not be
as fortunate again as we were in Octo-
ber in Cuba in being able to locate offen-
sive weapons. Our military leadership
in the last 24 months has been greatly
silenced. Many of us in the Congress
hope that the military in the future will
speak up when they believe they are
right-even though this may not be
popular at the other end of Pennsylvania
Avenue.
General White's article from News-
week, January 14, 1963, is herewith ap-
pended:
GREAT NATIONAL ORGY OF SELF-
CONGRATULATION
(By Gen. Thomas D. White, U.S. Air Force,
retired)
"'Placebo': Any harmless substance, as
bread pills, given to humor a patient."-Funk
and Wagnalls Practical Standard Dictionary.
Uncle Sam has long been suffering from a
severe case of national apathy recently aggra-
vated and climaxed in a high Cuban fever.
His most dangerous sequela is overconfidence,
As an aftermath of Cuba we may become
more offguard than ever, tranquilized by our
own nostrums and the propaganda pills con-
stantly fed to us by Dr. Khrushchev.
Our Government acted courageously in the
Cuban situation. But that "is exactly what
I expect the Government of the United States
of America to do.
What seems strange to me is that we have
been engaged in a great national orgy of
self-congratulations. We congratulate our-
selves over the confrontation of our sworn
enemy who, armed with lethal weapons
aimed at the very heart of this country,
marched almost openly into our own front
yard. It seems to me that rather than con-
gratulate ourselves, we should soberly recog-
nize that Cuba is surely one of the easiest
of all the areas and circumstances of possible
decisive confrontation with the Soviet Union.
Instead of crowing over a 12th-hour decision,
we should be taking stock of our national
attitudes which permitted the immediate
situation to arise in the first place.
I find it especially difficult to understand
why our military authorities did not raise
the alarm long before October. In my opin-
ion, and I spent many years in the intelli-
gence business, there was enough informa-
tion to be found in the daily press alone to
have led to a military conclusion that the
Russians in Cuba were posing a serious threat
to the United States.
Surely the stream of Russian ships to
Cuba which began last midsummer should
have aroused deep suspicion. Could anyone
in uniform really have believed that the
construction in Havana Harbor was for a
fishing fleet? Did the evaluators of Soviet
intelligence, who should be chosen for their
cynicism, actually give credence to published
reports that thousands of Russian troops
in Cuba were there for peaceful purpose or
that the U.S.S.R. would mount such an ef-
fort merely to arm Fidel Castro with defen-
sive missiles? Was not the sum total of in-
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ice has been assisting in the establishment
of such clubs and since 1941 It has broad-
ened its scope to include sponsorship of the
science fairs and other programs to foster
science interest among this country's youth.
Now a ' bill has been introduced in the
House of Representatives to provide Science
Service a Federal charter. The bill, H.R. 824,
is identical to the one the House approved
last summer only to have it die in the Sen-
ate Judiciary Committee.
We are in favor of the bill. Its passage
would preserve this nonprofit organization
which has so successfully encouraged grass-
root, self-help programs such as Flint's in
schools and communities across the country.
Since 1958 the U.S.-Office of Education has
been after Congress to establish a Federal
program of school science clubs under its
direction and to appropriate funds for its
operation. It still is eager to take over this
program and the supervision of science
fairs-at public expense.
We point to the tremendous growth' in
interest here among students, instructors,
parents and local sponsoring agencies since
Flint's first science fair was held in 1957 as
an example of the excellent job Science Serv-
ice is doing in helping promote science in-
terest in U.S. schools. Its programs are in
more than JO,000 schools in all 50 States.
There is no need for the Government to
step in to "take over the job at taxpayer ex-
pense. In fact, such tax expenditures by the
U.S. Office of Education cannot be justified.
We urge passage of the bill to give Science
Service a Federal charter so it can continue
its work on a nonprofit basis.
Events in Cuba
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM L. SPRINGER
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr."SPRINGER. Mr. Speaker, there
were many of us in the Congress talking
about Cuba and what was happening
and long before the President took action
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siderable anticipated windfall to the com-
munity. It apparently means the city will
receive a $100.000 grant to pay about half the
cost of a new city garage, and that Portage
County may reap a benefit of $485,000, half
the estimated cost of a 90-bed addition to
the new county Infirmary. Believed sus-
pended by the new classification is a city
request for $47,500 for half the estimated
cost of a sanitary sewer project.
Also under a Federal program, the board
of water and sewage commissioners received
a grant of $38,300 for a sewage plant project,
but lost out on a bid for an additional
$27,000_
If local officials have any qualms of con-
aelence as to taking advantage of a techni-
cality that made the city and county eligible
for grants, although they should not have
been, their composure can be readily re-
stored. They were encouraged by Federal of-
ficials to apply for grants despite the un-
certain status that clouded the picture, and
were assured we were still eligible for bene-
fits under the depressed area assistance pro-
grams. In view of these representations,
the local projects continued to be submitted.
There was one outstanding development.
however, that is disappointing. This in-
volved strenuous work to obtain a large
loan-not a grant-for the establishment of
a $2,770,000 food processing plant in the
Plover area. The firm planned to contract
for locally grown potatoes on a major scale.
it would have provided steady employment
for up to 400 persons. givingthe area perma-
nent benefits through this new Industry.
Local community leaders felt confident that
under the formula laid down, the compara-
tively small sum required to be raised locally
could have been obta%ned.
This project went down the drain, not as
the result of the classification change but
because Portage County never should have
been designated as a distressed area in the
first place. The Area Redevelopment Ad-
ministration said: "We cannot in good con-
science approve the expenditure of Federal
funds when we know that Portage County
would not be entitled to such funds except
for the fact that an error had been made."
That Is the official explanation. We suspect
however, that this may not be the real rea-
son, and that other Influences may have been
at work in Washington to block this busi-
ness venture with Its spotlight on our potato
Industry.
Throughout the various proceedings, offi-
cials have learnedsomething about the de-
vious ways of Federal assistance.
Word Is being awaited as to the fate of
two other projects in Portage County, a
municipal water plant for Junction City
and a sewerage system for Rosbolt.
dicatots enough to raise the alarm long be-
fore it was raised?
I perturbed that, whatever the current
arran ment of Intelligence organizations,
whateper the Department of Defense policies
on military expression of views, there should
be-au evidence of complacency among our
professional military watchdogs.
There have been changes In our military
intelligence setup, and the military voice has
certaigly been muted. Nonetheless I am con-
fident that If our highest military author-
Ities had stood up and spoken on this sub-
ject, the Commander in Chief would have
acted promptly on their warning.
It thers me also to know that the equip-
mentfor launching and guiding certain types
of missiles can be hidden readily and that
some missiles and aircraft themselves can
be transported piecemeal and quickly reas-
sembled, These factors and other clande-
stine 'capabilities of the U.S.S.R. in Cuba
lead a to believe that as long as there Is a
Comniunist government in Cuba, the United
States and all of Latin America are In jeop-
ary. naivete in beliving otherwise has
brought us close to a major disaster.
We may have been "eyeball to eyeball"
and tbbts time the other fellow may have
blinkgd-but maybe he only winked. In any
case, we may be apre that he Is already plot-
ting a next time. He will continue to feed us
propaganda pills to lull our senses and will
always be set to administer us a fatal potion.
Shrushchev has sworn to bury us. Presum-
ably he would prefer to bury us alive. But
if necessary he would gladly bury us dead.
"'Placebo'; The opening antiphon of the
vespets for the dead."-Punk and Wagnalls
Practical Standard Dictionary.
Windfalls in Federal Aid
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
.HON. MELVIN R. LAIRD
of WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
M. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, In an edi-
torial, appearing in the Stevens Point
Daily Journal, Stevens Point, Wis., at-
tention was called to a mistake made by
the ]Federal Government in designating
Portage County in my district a "dis-
tressed area." I include that editorial
as at example of the confusion that ex-
ists in the Federal bureaucracy con-
cerning the proper administration of
Federal funds under existing programs:
?` WINDFALLS rw FEDERAL AID, Also
Dfserrolll'rarErr'i'
There is an old saying that one should
never look a gift horse in the mouth. We
are reminded of it by what has been trans-
piring over the past year or so regarding the
statul of Portage County as a "distressed
area,, making it eligible for grants of public
funds for federally approved local projects.
It has been necessary to take a number of
looks in the direction of that gift horse, to
get some needed* answers. It all started
whet} Portage County, including Stevens
Point, was classified as a distressed area on
the axis of unemployment figures. But this
turn d out to be a statistical error and we
were, removed this week from that claesl-
fication by the U.S. Department of Com-
merc.
M anwhile, a number of projects were set
up, after local officials were given assurances
that the eligibility continued in force, de-
spite the mistake. This has brought a con-
H.R. 97, a Bill To Provide Certain Exemp-
tions From Federal Excise Taxes for
Nonprofit Organizations for the Blind
Which Are Now Provided for Nonprofit
Educational Organizations
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. EUGENE J. KEOGH
or MEW SORE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. KEOGH- Mr. Speaker, on the
opening day of the 88th Congress, I in-
troduced 8R. 97, a bill to exempt non-
profit, voluntary associations and agen-
cies engaged in work for the blind-from
paying Federal excise taxes.
I sponsored this same measure in the
last Congress. I have reintroduced it in
this one because I believe these are
worthy organizations doing a worthwhile
work and deserve the small amount of
relief from paying burdensome taxes
that the enactment of my bill into law
would provide.
Although substantial sums of money
are appropriated annually by the Fed-
eral and State governments to provide
special kinds of training and assistance
to the Nation's nearly 400,000 blind per-
sons, these funds are not sufficient to
meet the need.
Therefore, there has developed, in
just about every community in Amer-
ica, privately established, nonprofit or-
ganizations which fill in the gaps in the
services provided to blind people by
public authority.
These organizations for the blind-
perhaps as many as 1,000 of them-
serve as centers of activities for the
blind. They serve as centers for groups
of braille transcribers, volunteers who
produce books in raised characters or on
records and tapes for college students,
or for blind children attending classes
in local sighted schools--or even for
general reading; these centers offer
training in the skills and techniques of
blindness; they provide social services,
and serve as educational and recrea-
tional resources for their numerous
blind clients,
Mr. Speaker, I am familiar with these
fine institutions, and I am proud to say
that one of the very best of them is the
Industrial Home for the Blind, located
in my district In Brooklyn.
Established nearly three-quarters of
a century ago, this organization has
gained a worldwide reputation for the
pioneering work it has performed in, the
field of work for the blind.
One of the first to explore the possi-
bilities of magnifier lenses for persons
with very limited vision, there has
grown within the Industrial Home for
the Blind an optical aids service which
truly helps the blind to see again.
Those who suffer the double handi-
capping disabilities of blindness and
deafness have received much attention
from this highly esteemed Brooklyn
institution. Great advances have been
made to help these people-shut away
from the sights and sounds of the
world-to help them achieve a larger
measure of fulfillment In their lives.
The Industrial Home for the Blind also
maintains a corps of nearly a thousand
volunteers who copy textbooks into
braille for blind students of all ages and
in all manner of educational institutions.
These are but a few of the activities
and accomplishments of the justly
famous Industrial Home for the Blind.
It also provides a great diversity of other
services and activities to sightless men,
women, and children, not only in our
part of New York City and State, but
to blind persons throughout the world.
And the Industrial Home for the Blind
about which I speak with such familiar-
ity-for I have known of it as far back
as I can remember-the Industrial Home
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Y 9 3 , CONG t.E:SS1ONJ L_ RECORD - .APP.ENDIX. A853
Or maybe it is just because these fellows,
and all of their fellows, and all of their ideas,
are square, ..
When Dwight D. Eisenhower was President
he appointed a Committee on National Goals
we were all going. Perhaps
to decide
a first step. should be a commission on na-
tional,heritage to make sure that some of
us at,least,rememberwhere.we have been.
Arnold Toyubee, the historian, says that
of 21 notable civilizations, 19 perished not
from external conquest but from the evap-
oration of.belief:within,
Today, our country still has a choice. I
believe it has already begun to make that
choice. I believe it is going back to its old
beliefs in such things as ideas, pride; patriot-
Ism, loyalty, devotion and even hard work.
We are great believers in statistics in this
country-and while the things that really
count can never. be measured even by the
most advanced? computers-sheer head-
counting seems to indicate that people are
beginning to struggle for better things.
Twenty years -ago, half of us belonged to
churches. Today, 64 percent of us do. It
is perfectly possible that the churches are
full and ,the people are empty-but the sta-
tlsties.are on, our side.
Sales of classical records have jumped 78
percent In the last 3 years. Advertising, per-
haps, but the statistics are on our side.
Millions of people are visiting museums,
millions more, than a decade ago.
We spent over a billion dollars on books
last year, and people are taking 670 million
volumes out of our public libraries each year.
There are 59 percent more symphony or-
chestras than there were ,10 years ago. And
expenditures on all cultural activities have
increased 70 percent, in the past 10 years-
to a total of more than $3 billion,
You might point out to me that $3 bil-
lion spent for culture, stacked up against
$50 billion spent for war, still isn't much.
But you will have to admit that there is
definite movement. And in the right di-
rection too.
Since the turn. of the century, the per-
cerTtageof our population that has graduated
from high school is up 10 times. And the
percentage that has gone to college is up
seven times, And the percentage in higher
education. who are in there trying to get
higher marks is, encouragingly higher than
It used. to be. Yes, there are indications
that the day when it's smart to be smart is
finally at hand.
But the greatest thing that has happened,
of course,, is that,our Nation has a whole
new set of, heroes. Named Glenn and Gris-
som and Shepard. Named Carpenter,
Cooper and Sehirra _ Named Crews and Bock
and Twinting; Smith, Sorlie and McIntosh;
named Knolle_arid Hoover. The towns they
came from have nice small names: Sparta,
Boulder, East Derry, Mitchell, Shawnee,
Brownwood.
These lads apparently lived too far from
the big city and grew up to be squares. For
who but a square would volunteer his life
for his country's good?
They are not even ashamed of their feel-
ings.
John Glenn says he gets a funny feeling
down inside when he sees the flag go by.
Imagine that,
He's proud of his small town, proud of his
smalt college. Proud that he belonged to
the By Scouts and the YMCA.
I hope that some of him rubs off onto the
next generation.
P'or the forces of conformity are still
strong. Too many of us are still sitting it
out instead of sweating it out, Too many
of u9, haven't got the guts to stand up
straight and dare to be square. Because the
opposite of square is round, and being round
is so much simpler. Responsibilities and
problems roll off nice and easy. And we can
just roll down the path without any bumps,
being careful to stay in the middle, because
that's where the most comfortable ruts are.
Too many of us know the short cuts, and
too few know or care where the path leads.
Too few of us dare to leave the path be-
cause the path is always the easy way, the
way most people go. But there is no path to
the future, no path to greatness, no path to
progress. No path to outer space or to inner
satisfaction.
How shall we fight for personal independ-
ence? How shall we avoid the group poop,
the vortex of mediocrity, the great nothing
of cynical sophistication and bored non-
participation?
May I suggest that we all join the S.O.S.?
The S.O.S.-the Society of Squares. It
doesn't even exist but it could. Not a left-
wing organization, Not a right-wing organ-
ization, Just an organization with wings.
We might have to go underground for
awhile to avoid being trampled to death by
the coast-to-coast rat-packs of cynical sa-
boteurs and the canned-wit commandos
whose devotion is to destruction.
But we would come out.
We might even have a secret handshake
consisting mainly' of grabbing the other guy's
hand as though you meant it and looking
him in the eye.
We would be for participation and against
sitting life out, for simplicity and against
sophistication, for laughter and against
sniggering, for America and against her ene-
mies, for the direct and against the devious,
for the honest way against, the easy short
cut, for a. well-done job and against the
goof-off, for education and against the pre-
tense of learning, for building and against
tearing down, for the boys and girls who
excel and against the international bedroom
athletes.
We have, at least, the satisfaction of
knowing that our problem is not new.
When Benjamin Franklin was told that
the war for independence was over, he said,
"Say rather the war of the revolution is
over-the war for independence has yet to
be fought." And today-179 years later-
the war for independence has still to be
fought.
Report From Washington
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. VICTOR WICKERSHAM
OF OKLAHOMA '
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. WICKERSHAM. Mr. Speaker,
February; the shortest month of the year,
is usually one of the busiest and this one
was no exception. With Congress and
its legislative duties, Defense Depart-
ment briefings almost every day, and im-
pOrtant daily requests from constitu-
ents, your Congressman has been very
busy.
At the invitation of the Secretary of
the Air Force, I inspected six major Air
Force commands to get a firsthand look
at our defense structure. The tour in-
eluded the defense nerve center at
Omaha, Nebr., a SAC alert demonstra-
tion at Vandenberg, Calif? a visit to the
Atlas missile training site where two
crews from Atlas AFB were undergoing
training, and NORAD headquarters at
Colorado Springs. Seeing our defense.
systems In operation gives me confidence
that the United States is more militarily
secure than any time in its history.
I attended a series of high-level secret
briefings by Defense Secretary McNa-
mara, and, based on his statements, I am
not worried about the future of the
manned bomber. The manned bomber
will always have its place in our defense
structure.
Enclosed with this newsletter is a blue
opinion card. In order that r may be
aware of the desires of my constituents,
please complete the card, apply a stamp,
and mail it to me. This helps me to vote
according to the wishes of those I serve.
Shortly after pro football star Norman
Snead had been hired by the Peace Corps
at a salary of $75 per day plus expenses,
I protested the hiring. Two days later
Corps Director Sargent Shriver an-
nounced that Snead would work for noth-
ing, that his hiring had been a mistake.
It was gratifying to receive so much mail
commending me for my action. It came
from 31 States and my own Sixth Dis-
trict. Economy in Government demands
constant attention.
The United Nations will give agricul-
tural aid to Cuba, it was recently an-
nounced. No U.S. money will be used,
but I firmly stand opposed to the U.N.
giving Cuba aid in any way, shape, or
form until Russia removes its troops,
guns, and other weapons. The United
States should make no contribution to
any United Nations fund which would be
used in this manner,
Six Federal agencies plan to spend
more than $157 million in the Sixth Dis-
trict during fiscal year 1964. Of this,
more than $148 million will be for mili-
tary installations. In February, two con-
tracts totaling $1.7 million were awarded
for construction at Fort Sill. Duncan's
Halliburton Field was equipped with a
new directional radio range, and a $118,-
000 loan was approved for Sterling for
water and sewer works.
The Post Office Department deserves
commendation. I often receive mail ad-
dressed simply, "VICTOR WICKERSHAM,
Washington, D.C.," but this month I re-
ceived a letter with the envelope ad-
dressed only to "U.S. Capitol, Washing-
ton, D.C." For faster processing, I urge
constituents to at least put my name on
the envelope. My address is 1421 New
House Office Building, Washington 25,
D.C. Remember, I am only as far away
as your telephone. Anytime I may be
of service, just phone, wire, or write.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GEORGE MEADER
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. MEADER. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks, I include
the following editorial from the Adrian
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A854 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX February 21
(Mic$l.> Daily Telegram of January 9, HsABLY 90,000 RtrasrAN TROOPS fN CIMA, Rrs'-
1963i voxx SAYS-ONLY ,POINT AC iON LED BY
fibs RIGHT TO SNOW UNn') STATxs CAN Psis ISL ND, IBVARONA
Ani editorial yesterday commented on the SATIN
unusial news conference conducted by De- A Cuban exile leader said today that he
fense Secretary McNamara to quiet unease- had hard evidence that there may be as
ness ? about the arms situation in Cuba. many as 80,000 to 85.000 Russian troops In
Ever since the 8ennedy administration ad- Cuba today, not 17,000 as the Kennedy ad-
mit+y it had "managed" some aspects of ministration says.
thejfeews about the Cuban crisis, there have Dr. Manuel deVarona, speaking through an
Interpreter At first said he had received "-
entered the country again through Santiago.
He said this was reported by a White Rus-
sian who had spoken to the troops and came
to the United States several weeks ago.
Asked by Representative Oaoss, Republi-
can, of Iowa, if he feels the United States is
"doing what we ought to do," the interpreter
said, "Dr. deVerona considers that all meas-
ures that should be taken are not being
taken and sees no decision that has been
taken to liberate Cuba."
th e pther day her doaa about uout tY what t ua our n Government Affairs Subcommittee which is Inquiring into Miller & Rhoads and Thalhimers, of Rich-
th
f ation. tnd be remarked that by so Questioned further by Representative
doe be may have put some handicaps on PAaseTxrN, Democrat, of New York, Dr. de- Programs
ite
th
d
ld
k
fi
ma
e
e
n
e
theuture intelligence activities. Varona said he wou
If that be so, the responsibility goes back statement that there were more than 17,000
to tie Government and its "managed news" and as many as 30,000.
policy. Obviously In times of national crisis ouesTroN axrvoEz$
the `Government cannot tell all it knows. He said his group questions all refugees
13ott a information has to be restricted. But coming from Cuba and that there are 5,000
this can be done without limiting the in- Russian troops In his own province of
formation about their Government that the Camaguey alone.
people need to know, have the right to have. "The Russians are seen everywhere, In the
For in the successful operation of demo- cities, to the country, at concentration
crate government the people's right to know camps," he said through the interpreter. Dr.
is Basic. When they do not know what the Nester Carbonell.
f3o ernnvent is doing and why, they are un- In a statement read to the subcommittee
ece'te. There has been a spirited discussion Cuba and restore peace to the hemisphere."
of the arrangement whereby the Madison In a "supplement" also read to the group.
Township Fire Department is to take over the however, he said a naval and air blockade
fufniahing of fire protection to Adrian Town- should be Imposed on Cuba first, "adequate
ship Some Adrian Township residents are military assistance" sent to freedom fighters
e ressing misgivings, publicly and privately. on the Island and abroad, with "collective
So a are content with the fire protection armed action" against Cuba only as a third
co tract. step "if needed."
Township Board did what it decided was Questioned further on the matter, Dr.
de- Verona said he felt such action should be
in the township did not know what was taken through the Organization of American
going on. The township board presented States, but that if all else fails, the United
2t4 constituency with an accomplished fact, States' has an inherent right of unilateral
'
tgie township
s own fire department is to be self-defense and should exercise It.
dissolved and the services of the Madison He empheaized military action only "!f
department obtained on a contract basis. necessary," seeming to soften the previous
ver the merits of the new acreage-
s^at
e
statement.
nt; whatever the good reasons for making He said his refugee group has no Informa-
nt; these were never presented to the people
_ Von that Russian troops have been used to
,,-
-._
t
the board
dpd that In essence is what the squabble is 15 percent of the Cuban people remain loyal
all about. The Adrian Township Board's big to Castro.
eke was its neglect to let its people Dr. deVarona, who was president of the
*ow what It proposed doing and why, Cuban Senate In 1950-52. said his son and
two brothers took part In the Bay of Pigs
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Of
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
XN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February-21, 1963
(estiMr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, in
mony before the House Subcommit-
tee on Foreign Affairs a Cuban exile
deader testified yesterday that he had
sea 30,000 to 35,000 Russian troops In
ICuba today, not the 17,000 as the admin-
`.lseratlon states. Dr. Manuel deVarona
revealed this as Indicated in the story
In the Washington Evening Star, yester-
p day:
invasion.
In one of his "supplements," the Cuban
exile said "well-informed sources in Vienna"
reported Russia has established secret bases
In two Latin American countries, one in the
jungles of northwest Brazil and the other
in a mountain region of Paraguay.
.Representative MAILLuID, Republican, of
California, said he assumed the countries
involved would be aware of this and "I would
think the establishment of a military base
on someone else's territory would be an act
of war."
"
Dr. deVarona said the reported bases were
very difficult to reach and that may be the
reason no action has been taken.
Dr. deVarona said the reported impending
removal of several thousand Russian troops
from Cuba would make little difference in
its use as a base for subversion in Latin
America, and that removal of all Russian
troops should be forced by a blockade.
He said there was a "complete case" of
Russian troops which left Havana and later
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. J. VAUGHAN GARY
or waomu
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. GARY. Mr. Speaker, two of the
Nation's outstanding department stores,
both of which happen to be located in
my congressional district, have recently
been honored by the National Retail
Merchants Association and the Readers
Digest for public service programs they
have instituted. Miller & Rhoads and
Thaihimers of Richmond, Va., have been
recognized as semi-final winners for
the role the retail industry plays in pro-
moting a better way of life for our
citizens.
Under leave to extend my remarks,
I offer the following comment on the
prizewinning projects:
Mn.LSR & RHOADS, INC.
For 10 years Miller and Rhoads have
sponsored the Virginia high school forums.
These programs feature outstanding stu-
dents selected from high schools throughout
the State together with foreign students at-
tending school in Virginia.
Miller and Rhoads' public relations activi-
ties have always been geared to furthering
the importance of good citizenship combined
with a true recognition of the freedom our
country enjoys.
Working with the Student Cooperative
Association and Richmond and Roanoke
public schools, Miller and Rhoads developed
the details of the program, which has proven
highly successful.
Not only do Virginia's high school students
develop their basic beliefs in the workings of
democracy, but the participating foreign
students are able to pass along the ideas
discussed in the forums when they return
to their native countries.
THALHIMERS
Six years ago, Thalhlmers In Richmond
pioneered In a project designed to acquaint
the community with scientifically correct In-
formation on the relationship between diet
and good health.
This idea of nutrition forums was entirely
new and the increased interest in the pro-
grams as the years go by has convinced Thal-
himers that they are meeting a need in the
community.
Although the idea for the forums was con-
ceived by Thalhlmers, they felt that they
should have a cosponsoring group with es-
tablished medical prestige, so the Virginia
Council on Health and Medical Care joined
the project.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
orators have something going for them in
the Cuban "mess" and in the intractability
of General de Gaulle.
The truth of this should not be lost upon
a man as experienced in.politics as is Senator
FULBRIGHT, After all, it has been.only a bit
more than 2 years since Candidate Kennedy
was beating the bushes for votes by preach-
ing the doctrine that the Eisenhower ad-
ministration had made hash of our foreign
policy and had wrecked American prestige in
the process. We don't recall any complaints
from Senator FULBRIGHT that Mr. Kennedy
was practicing bad politics at that time. And
we can't take his protests very seriously
now-especially since Mr. Kennedy and not
Mr. Nixon is in residence at 1600 Pennsyl-
vania Avenue.
KHRUSHCHEV TOSSES US A CRUMB
(By David Lawrence)
Premier Khrushchev has thrown President
Kennedy and his critics a crumb-a promised
withdrawal of a "few thousand" Soviet troops
from Cuba. This Is an unsatisfactory answer
to the request of the United States that all
Russian troops should leave the island and
that the Soviets should give up their mili-
tary base in Cuba. Leading Democrats as
well as Republicans in Congress have voiced
their dissatisfaction over the inadequacy of
the Soviet action.
It is doubtful whether either, the President
or his critics will let the matter rest with a
partial withdrawal' of Soviet troops. For
there is no way of knowing how many more
Russian "civilians" or "technicians" will
enter Cuba in the next few weeks to replace
those who will have departed.
The congressional criticism has had its
effect, however, and will continue. It is un-
fortunate that Under Secretary of State
George Ball and some of the administration
spokesmen in Congress recently chose to re-
gard any criticism as partisan and called for
bipartisanship. Actually, there has been bi-
partisanship among the critics. Much of
what has been said In, Congress in disap-
proval of the Cuban policy has come from
Democrats. A few days ago, Senator
STENNIS, of Mississippi, Democrat, chairman
of a subcommittee on military affairs, ex-
pressed the opinion that the criticism had
been helpful and that the investigation of
our Cuban policy undertaken by his sub-
committee "will give strength to the Presi-
dent-and Khrushchev Will realize it."
After the announcement of. the coming
withdrawal of a Portion of the Soviet, army
in Cuba, Senator STENNIS, in a statement,
said: "Even though this is an encouraging
step, it is only one step. Our policy must be
an insistence that they all be withdrawn.
This is the only thing that will really remove
the menace."
Other Senators. in both parties-RUSSELL,
of Georgia; LAUSCHE, of Ohio; SMATHERS, of
Florida; MANSFIELD, of Montana, all Demo-
crats; and DIRKSEN, of Illinois, AIKEN, of Ver-
mont, and GOLDWATER, of Arizona, Republi-
cans-echoed the same sentiment.
There are currently, of course, some parti-
sans among the critics. These Republicans
seem to have learned a lesson from the Dem-
ocrats, who managed to make Cuba an issue
in the 1960 presidential campaign. Those
criticisms may have swung enough votes to
be a factor in the close race that Mr. Ken-
nedy won over Mr. Nixon. The Democratic
presidential nominee's words, therefore, are
being reread by some of the Republicans as
a lesson in how to succeed in campaigning
without really trying to be nonpartisan. Mr.
Kennedy, for example, had this to say in a
speech at Johnstown, Pa., on, October 15,
1960:
"For the transformation of Cuba into a
Communist base of operations a few min-
utes from our coast-by jet plane, missile, or
submarine-is an incredibly dangerous de-
velopment to have been. permitted by our
Republican policymakers.
"This wouldn't have happened under
Franklin Roosevelt, who warned the Nazis in
1940 to stay out of our hemisphere; this
wouldn't have happened under Harry Tru-
man, who warned the Communists in 1947
to stay out of Greece and Turkey."
In another speech, the Democratic candi-
date included Cuba in six key areas in the
world in which he charged that the admin-
istration was "reacting too late." He repeat-
edly declared that American prestige was
very low. There were speeches about the
alleged "missile gap," and Mr. Kennedy often
referred to surveys which, he said, showed
that a majority of the people in several coun-
tries believed the Soviet Union was "ahead
of us militarily and scientifically."
Even the Senate Foreign Relations Com-
mittee, whose chairman was Senator FuL-
BRIGHT, of Arkansas, Democrat, issued a report
on June 28, 1960, criticizing President Eisen-
hower for having used the U-2 surveillance
planes. The committee claimed it didn't
have all the information it needed, but then
said anyhow: "The development, publica-
tion, examination and discussion of informa-
tion such as this, it seems to the committee,
is essential to the democratic process. When
carried on responsibly, it can only produce
beneficial results, even at critical moments
in our foreign affairs. Only through a pub-
lic airing of the facts can a representative
government be held to proper account and
its mistakes, if any, identified and corrected."
Many Republicans who in recent weeks
have reexamined that paragraph in the Sen-
ate Foreign Relations Committee report took
it to heart and tried to "air the facts" so as
to "produce beneficial results." But Sen-
ator FULBRIGHT, nevertheless, has just de-
nounced the Republicans as partisan. The
truth is that in the Democratic Party sev-
eral of the critics have been more severe
in the castigation of the Kennedy admin-
istration's foreign policy than the Republi.
cans have been.
Maybe if the bipartisan critics keep up
their "airing of the facts" they will per-
suade Premier Khrushchev that American
public opinion Isn't satisfied with the con-
tinuance of a Soviet military base in Cuba
and is demanding that it be abolished with-
out further delay.
Critique of the President's Tax Cut
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. SAMUEL L. DEVINE
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. DEVINE. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks, I am sub-
mitting for the RECORD a paper written
by Jim Calland, age 14, a student at Uni-
Versity High School in Columbus, Ohio.
This young man displays a keen insight
on one of the key issues facing this ses-
sion of Congress, and it certainly is
worthy of the attention of the Members.
The paper follows:
CRITIQUE OF THE PRESIDENT'S TAx CUT
(By Jim Calland, University High School,
Columbus, Ohio)
I am opposed to the tax cut as proposed
by the President in his state of the Union
message on which he has elaborated in sub-
sequent addresses, If I may paraphrase
Samuel Gompers: Economically it is un-
A835 is
sound, socially it is wrong, industrially it is
an impossibility.
The economic logic behind this says the
tax cut will serve as a stimulus to the econ-
omy. People will keep more money and will,
therefore, be encouraged to spend more
money. We will move forward economically.
The gross national product will become
greater. The Federal Government will re-
ceive a smaller percentage of your paycheck,
but you will be encouraged to spend more
and thus stimulate the economy. The ad-
ministration hopes to make up the loss in
personal income tax with an increased rev-
enue in business taxes.
Let us suppose that Mr. Kennedy is clair-
voyant. Let us assume that he had psychic
powers and can adequately predict the eco-
nomic future of 180 million Americans. We
shall say that all he has foretold is the gos-
pel truth. Is it the whole truth?
Increased spending with a decreased in-
come is not economically sound. Yes, the
administration says, there will be a tempo-
rary deficit, but it will ultimately be offset
by the Increased future revenue. What is
this increased future revenue?
If we accept Mr. Kennedy's extrasensory
perception, we must assume that there will
be a numerical increase in the tax revenue
as predicted. There will be a greater number
of dollars coming into the Government. This
would be all right if the value of the dollar
remained fixed, but it does not. What hap-
pens is this: Government places its interest-
bearing I 0 U's in the commercial banking
systems and receives in return "deposits"
which become new money as the Govern-
ment writes checks against them.
This new unearned money gets its value
by diluting the value of all existing money.
This new kind of money is not only as bad
as greenbacks, it Is worse, because (1) it
bears interest, and (2) it must be paid back.
We have created two additional tax burdens.
The first of these is the tax money that is
needed each year to pay the interest on the
debt. The second burden (still to come)
will be the taxes that will have to be col-
lected to pay off the debt. For the tax cut
to even bring in an increased amount of
revenue, there must be extravagant spend-
ing on the part of a good many people.
Let's consider a young couple who have no
faith in the long-term future, because the
money is not sound, has no Intrinsic value,
and they rightly expect it to continue to
depreciate. There is no use to save money
just to see it lose Its purchasing power.
They begin to think of living for the thrills
of the moment, of spending their money
almost as fast as they earn it. This encour-
ages the weakening of character. If they
cannot win by integrity, honesty, and perser-
verance, they are tempted to take short cuts.
Throughout history, periods of moral dis-
integration have followed the debasement of
the monetary unit.
I am reminded of the words of Abraham
Lincoln: "You cannot bring about prosperity
by discouraging thrift."
Then there is the idea that this tax out
will help business an? industry: This quaint
notion is nothing but a fairy tale.
To fully understand the effect of inflation
on just the steel industry. Let's consider
a 1940 steel plant that cost $25 million.
Today the plant has been written off and
the company has in reserve the allowed de-
preciation, $25 million. But now the new
plant will cost $60 million. This means that
an additional $35 million will have to come
from somewhere and that somewhere should
be earnings. Because earnings are taxed 52
percent by the Government, the company
would have to earn an extra $73 million in
order to get the $35 million needed for the
new plant. If earnings before taxes are 10
percent of sales, the company would have to
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? A836 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX Februd-NL 21
sell an extra $130 million worth of steel to
get the extra, $35 million.
True, the taxes will be cut, byt inflation,
as outlined previously, is worse than pay-
ing high taxes.
What will the fate of America be? Will
Congress pass this tax cut? If we let this
happen and if we let the trend continue
unrestrained, the United States can become
a second-rate Nation.
As Thomas Jefferson, has said: "To pre-
serve our Independence, we must not let
our leaders load us with perpetual debt.
We must make our election between economy
and liberty or profusion. and servitude."
Why Let Red Troops Remain?
E cJ: IiSION OF REMARKS
07
-HON. RALPH HARVEY.
or nrDxA*A
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. HARVEY . of Indiana, Mi.
Speaker, under leave to extend my re-
marks in the RECORD, I include the fol-
lowing editorial from the Richmond
(Ind.) Palladium-Item and Sun-Tele-
gram of Thursday, February 14, 1963:
WHY Lirr RED Tsoors REsAn+?.
President Kennedy and his top advisers
are a timorous lot or they are incompetent
as heads of our Government.
There are' valid grounds for the adminis-
tration to insist upon the immediate with-
drawal of Russian troops from Cuba. In-
sistence on the return of Soviet soldiers to
Russia rents on the basis of Khrushchev's
promises made at the time of the crisis last
year.
If President Kennedy had the slightest per-
ception of the soundness and validity of our
position, plus a real determination to act, he
would have Informed Khrushchev long ago
that the United States will not tolerate a
Soviet base In Cuba or elsewhere In the
Western Hemisphere.
The American people will not quit criticiz-
ing President Kennedy's uncertain and
hesitating course in the Cuban situation.
The administration's attempt to quiet
their fears and anxieties by television ad-
dresses failed to restore popular faith In a
promise to prevent the Soviet Union from
making Cuba a base for Communist aggres-
sion and terrorism in this hemisphere.
As long as Russians troops, military tech-
nicians and offensive weapons remain in
Cuba, their presence will be a matter of serl-
ous concern to the American people.
No television speech by the President's ad-
visers and no promise about the absence of
a Russian-threat will allay the apprehension
of the people.
Many Americans still doubt whether the
administration has given all the details of
the Cuban situation to the public.
And a Senate Armed Services Prepared-
ness Subcommittee also is unwilling to ac-
cept the argument of the Kennedy adminis-
tration that the Soviet menace and threat in
Cuba are gradually fading.
Senator JouN STENNIS;? Democrat, of Mis-
sissippi, chairman of the committee said:
"We are going right on. I don't we any
lessening of military threat" of Russian men
and equipmentstill In Cuba.
Senator Evwasrr M. DlaasEN, Republican,
of Illinois, said that "Cuba Is a Soviet base
from which they will continue to operate for
penetration of Latin America."
If Members of the Congress are concerned monument to himself. Named Duvalier-
over the administration's failure to act, Ville, It is growing at a snail's pace because
there Is every reason why the American peo- hapless Dr. Duvalier Is having trouble financ-
pie should be disturbed. ing It. And American businessmen in Haiti
Haiti Outlook Is Bleak
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOSEPH M. MONTOYA
or Nxw MExlco
IN THE HOUSE OP REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. MONTOYA. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the REC-
ORD, I Include the following article writ-
ten by Clayton Willis entitled "Haiti
Outlook Is Bleak"
The article follows:
HAITI C)vTi.OOH Is PIT WAX
(By Clayton Willis)
PORT-Au-PRiNCS, HArri -Haitl, that lush,
tropical land of about 4 million people, is
sinking into economic oblivion.
Unemployment, always high In this coun-
try with few industrymaking natural re-
sources, climbs daily. One of the reasons:
few Americans come here anymore. I can
report 'that the plush, tropical hotels that
dot the mountains above this capital city,
are empty. This means hundreds of thou-
sands of American dollars are kept out of
circulation and put a dent in that all Im-
portant commodity-employment.
Take a look at the.average yearly income
of Haitians, who have the lowest standard
of living In the Western Hemisphere, and It
makes more sense; $10. That's right: $70 a
year is the average guy's income in a year.
Most American tourists are seared off be-
cause the way Haitian President Francois
Duvalier runs his Government. Duvalier is
using many of the strongman tactics of a
former neighbor who was assassinated May
30, I961-old Dominican Dictator General-
Isimo Rafael Trujillo.
Dr. Duvalier, an American-trained physi-
cian turned politician, is partly a victim of
circumstances. As many politicians, he got
In with the wrong people who are looting
the country at will. And Duvalier, who
knows his country well-he traveled It
many years as a country doctor-has re-
sorted to much of the repression technique
that Trujillo mustered up to stay on top for
31 years at the opposite end of this island
of Hispaniola.
One Duvalier slogan he knows how to use
well. He. Duvalier, says he's a man of the
people. To Haitians, who have a color
question of their own, this means that he is
not of the mulatto group, a minority here,
which historically has controlled the politics
and theeconomics of the country.
So, Haiti, with Its long history of dictator-
ships and cripplingilliteracy-about 10 per-
cent can read and write-is in a bad way as
far as Uncle Sam In concerned. Broke as
Haiti Is, the U.B. Government isn't expected
to giveDuvalier much of a boost In the few
million dollars it supplies the French- and
Creole-speaking country. As President Ken-
nedy recently said in Bogota, Colombia, the
United States is committed against aiding
Latin American dictators. In fact, American
businessmen in Haiti told me it's obvious
Washington is trying to squeeze out Du-
valier.
Meanwhile, a few token projects to im-
prove the lot of the Haitian people go on.
One, the construction of a town 30 minutes
drive north of here Is an, example of Presi-
dent Duvalier's grandest effort to leave a
told me they aren't having much part of
answer to his predicament.
Give him a fat payoff (one said he was
asked for $50,000 and refused to pay It) to
build the town; and, of course, in so doing,
line the pockets of Government hangers-on.
Maybe the most embarrassing note of all
to Duvalier: the huge Peligre Dam has been
built 76 miles' drive from.this city. It was
supposed to supply badly needed hydroelec-
tric power which, It Is thought, would attract
American industry. But. Duvalier doesn't
have the money to buy the generators.
One bir hope on the economic horizon:
Pan American World Airways Is putting up
about $600,000 to build a jet airport 10 min-
utes' drive from this capital city. And, a
bright spot on the health scene: Dr. William
Larimer Mellon, a courageous, dedicated
member of one of America's great industrial.
,families, Is doing wonders with his Albert
Schweitzer Hospital.
Mellon opened the 50-bed hospital in 1956
some 85 miles from Port-au-Prince, and has
since increased it to 120 beds. He was the
first nonvoodoo witch doctor in the densely
populated and poverty-ridden Artibonite
Valley.
When newly sworn-in American Ambassa-
dor Raymond L. Thurston reaches Port-au-
Prince January 6, he will have one of the
toughest assignments In the Caribbean.
Among the problems he will find confronting
Haiti is that of Communist agents. They are
already busy planting the seeds of revolution
In Haiti's sun-parched soil.
Washington Interference in State Tax
Matters
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. E. Y. BERRY
OF SOUTH DAKOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. BERRY. Mr. Speaker, the De-
partment of Agriculture, which has
added more than 17,000 employees since
January 1961, has decided that among
Its other futile efforts, it should put some
of its employees to work making a sur-
vey, at taxpayer expense, of seven Mid-
west States, and has come up with the
recommendation that they depend more
on State general sales and income taxes
than on property taxes for their
revenues.
The spectacle of the Agriculture De-
partment, with its warehouses groaning
with surplus commodities, spending $7
billion a year and still producing lower
general farm incomes, telling solvent
States like Nebraska and South Dakota
how to handle their tax money, borders
on the fantastic.
Who asked for this survey in Nebraska,
Iowa, Kansas, Montana, North Dakota,
South Dakota, and Colorado?
My colleague, Representative RALPH
BEERMANN, Republican, of Nebraska,
commented :
Washington bureaucrats have shown no
great talent for managing the Federal fi-
nances. The economic planners in Washing-
ton at this time have the United States In
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1963 , CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A833
S. Modifying the unemployment compen- another dubious distinction. It is far ahead from our coast-by jet plane, missile, or
sation system in the States to encourage of schedule since even the most extravagant submarine-is an incredibly dangerous de-
retraining. Presently well over half of our predictions for budgetary growth-made less velopment to have been permitted by our
States penalize the unemployed worker who than a year ago-did not have the budget Republican policy makers. Havana, once a
seeks retraining by counting him as no reaching the $100 billion neighborhood until city bursting with admiration for Franklin
longer unemployed when he starts a retrain- 1967. Roosevelt, the good neighbor, is now a cen-
Ing program. Thus the Individual is faced The most disheartening and danger-rid- ter of Communist press, propaganda, and
with a dilemma; if he takes the retraining den aspect of the $98.8 billion budget for broadcasts spreading anti-Yankee sentiment
course which may be his only way of getting fiscal 1964, however, is the continuance of the throughout Latin America. New groups of
a new job, his means of support is taken sharp rise in nondefense spending requests. revolutionaries are being trained for under-
away from him; on the other hand, if he The latter accounts for $43.4 billion which cover activities in other countries and the
-clings to the assistance he is rerajvinn h a.s .~,,..,,1,...,..,.- -
--i ,+v 6. ......-% Llla4 ne win never de-
velop a marketable skill. Nineteen States
and the District of Columbia have taken a
different tack, however. Recognizing the
problem of obsolete skills, they will permit
an unemployed worker to remain on the
unemployment compensation list while he
Is in training for a new skill. A further
=ommon provision is that the individual may
even reject a bona fide job offer and not
--ose his compensation payments so long as
he is in-training. I might suggest that a
further step should be considered, taking
-hose with obsolete skills off the unemploy-
men compensation lists if they refuse to
undertake a retraining program.
Finally, I hope at long last students of
;his subject will begin to look with a critical
-ye at our military draft law and,the.train-
mg and retraining they are engaged in.
-he military services constantly complain
.nd. with justification, that the business
-ector is constantly taking away the men
hey spend years in training. Certainly it
s true that the biggest vocational educa-
lonal programs being conducted today are
he ones conducted by our Military Estab-
shments. Frankly, I think a much better
Db could be done for the services through
he civilian educational sector. But I am
sirnarily concerned about the impact of
-is draft law upon motivation and educa-
ion and training our entire youth. The
z'aft law is up for revision this year. If
-is past is any guide, no one from the field
F education will appear before the con-
=essional committees to discuss its impact
on education and training. I will again
estify however. I am convinced that the
raft law has become a faulty crutch upon
hich the military rely to procure their
ersonnel. They run a costly operation as
as turnover of their personnel reveals.
'ith a careful recruitment program, they
suld get all the personnel they need and
^ey would be more apt to retain their
yalties and so out down on the costly turn-
er rate. Certainly the removal of the
fiord of Damocles from over the heads of
a the youth of our country will result in
much better training and education for
.e whole society, particularly in these times
great need coming from great change.
Another Dubious First
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. ANCHER NELSEN
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
lvlr. NELSEN. Mr. Speaker, the edi-
of the Arlington (Minn.) Enterprise
Bards the new recordbreaking budget,
:titularly the sharp rise in nondefense
ending, as a dubious distinction. Edi-
Louis Kill says it so well that I have
guested it be placed in the RECORD for
to see:
ANOTHER DUBIOUS FIRST
Besides submitting the biggest budget in
history, the administration has rung up
A comparison with the previous budgetary
high, the $98 billion of the 1944 wartime year,
graphically demonstrates the way in which
nondefense spending has soared. In that
year $81 billion went for defense and only
$17 billion for nondefense expenditures.
It is to be hoped that the great majority
of Americans will not, repeat, will not get
over their shock at the size of the budget
without importuning their legislative repre-
sentatives in Washington to apply some
sharp cuts in the nondefense spending area.
Kennedy as Candidate Ad Kennedy as
President
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, dur-
ing the presidential campaign of 1960,
Senator John F. Kennedy was quite vocal
and positive about the measures neces-
sary to insure the removal of Castro
from this hemisphere. The following
is what he said at Johnstown, Pa., on
October 15, 1960:
Only if we are strong as a nation-strong
economically, strong militarily, strong edu-
cationally; strong in heart and purpose-
can we assure our peace and security in an
age where our enemies are overtaking us in
missile power, are far surpassing us in broad-
casts abroad, have penetrated for the first
time into the Middle East and Africa, have
outshone our efforts in science and space,
and have rolled the Iron Curtain to 90 miles
from our shores onto the once friendly island
of Cuba.
Mr. Nixon hasn't mentioned Cuba very
prominently in this campaign. He talks
about standing firm in Berlin, standing firm
in the Far East, standing up to Khrushchev,
but he never mentions standing firm in
Cuba-and if you can't stand up to Castro
how can you be expected to stand up to
Khrushchev?
Earlier this month, I reviewed the sorry
story of how under our very noses, and in
part as the result of our own policies, Cuba
had moved from a position of good neighbor
to a position of bitter enemy. We h-d been
warned that anti-American feeling was ris-
ing, that the Communists were taking over
the revolution, and that our security would
be endangered by a Castro regime.
Mr. Nixon had been to Cuba on one of his
famous trips. But Mr. Mikoyan has also
been to Cuba. And while Mr. Nixon im-
pressed the Cuban dictator, Batista, who
has since been deposed, Mr. Mikoyan im-
pressed Castro and others now in control of
the Cuban Government. Mr. Nixon calls
his trip experience. But the American peo-
ple cannot afford many more such experi-
ences.
For the transformation of Cuba into a
Communist base of operations a few minutes
drastically threatened.
This wouldn't have happened under
Franklin Roosevelt, who warned the Nazis
in 1940 to stay out of our hemisphere; this
wouldn't have happened under Harry Tru-
man who warned the Communists in 1947
to stay out of Greece and Turkey. And
this would not have happened in Cuba if
the Republican leadership Mr. Nixon repre-
sents had taken every step which foresight
and experience should have directed them
to take-in order to prevent a Communist
victory only 90 miles from our shores.
I do not know how Mr. Nixon can talk of
firmness in view of his party's record in
Cuba. I do hot know how he can talk of
experience in view of his party's experience
in Cuba. I do not know how he can seek
the Presidency and avoid explaining what
happened in this major foreign policy
disaster.
But it did happen-and the question now
is, What do we do about Cuba and Castro
now? What can a new administration. do
to end this drift?
The first thing we have to do is let the
Cuban people know our determination that
they will someday again be free. We did not
make clear to the Cubans our devotion to
freedom during the brutal reign of the Ba-
tista dictatorship-and we are not making
our position any clearer under the Castro
dictatorship. We have no Cuban Voice of
America broadcasts in Spanish at all, and
only 1 hour a day in Spanish beamed in
general to all Latin America. We must
promptly initiate a major broadcast program
for Cuba in particular, and more for the
Americas in general.
Second, we must end the harassment,
which this Government has carried on, of
liberty-loving anti-Castro forces in Cuba
and in other lands. While we cannot vio-
late international law, we must recognize
that these exiles and rebels represent the
real voice of Cuba, and should not be con-
stantly handicapped by our Immigration
and Justice Department authorities.
Third, we must let Mr. Castro know
that we do not intend to be pushed around
any longer and in particular do not intend
to be pushed out of our naval base at Guan-
tanamo, or denied fair compensation for
American property he has seized.
Fourth, we must let Mr. Khrushchev
know that we are permitting no expansion
of his foothold in our hemisphere-and that
the Organization of American States will be
given real strength and stature to resist any
further Communist penetration by what-
ever means are necessary.
Fifth, and finally, we must strengthen
the cause of freedom throughout all Latin
America creating an atmosphere where lib-
erty will flourish, and when Cuban commu-
nism will be resisted, isolated, and left to
die on the vine.
One road to Havana ultimately lies
through Rio and Buenos Aires and Mexico
City. If the rest of Latin America is unsure
of our stand on native dictators as well as
Communist dictators; if they feel we are
concerned only with our Soviet enemies and
not their enemies of poverty, hunger, and
disease, if they feel we respond not to their
requests but only to Mr. Castro's threats,
then the same policies of drift and neglect
that preceded Castro's rise to power will
continue to weaken our influence and pres-
tige.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX Febru/ 21
We cannot write the Cuban people off as
last. Neither should we drive them inex-
trlbeablp into Soviet hands. But let us
make the American Revolution the chief im-
port of Latin America,. not the Cuban revo-
lution, And if we do so then someday
on the. island of Cuba Itself, there will be a
government constituted to secure the rights
of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happi-
Eitler Senator Kennedy then did not
know what he was talking about or he
deliberately deceived the American peo-
ple for his own personal, political cam-
paign gains.
In a presidential press conference on
February 7, 1963, the following question
was propounded and this amazing an-
swer given:
HorzruLL Fos A FREe CUBA
Question. Mr. President, what chances do
you think or do you believe there are of
eliminating communism In Cuba within
your term?
The PaESIDENT. I couldn't make any Pre-
diction about the elimination. I am quite
obviously hopeful it can be eliminated, but
We have to waft and see What happens.
There are a lot of unpleasant situations in
the world today. China is one. It is unfor-
tunate that communism was permitted to
come Into Cuba. It has been a problem In
the last 6 years. We don't know what Is go-
ing to happen Internally. There is no obvi-
ously easy solution as to how the Commu
ffist movement will be removed. One way.
of course, would be by the Cubans them-
selves, though that Is very difficult, given the
police setup.
The other way would be by external ac-
tion. But that Is war and we should not
regard that as a cheap or easy way to accom-
plleh what we wish. We live with a lot of
dangerous' situations all over the world.
A
d
the very able editor of the Westerville
Public Opinion. The editorial follows:
INSULTING Ova INTELLIGENCe
(By A. Monroe Courtright)
I dunno-did you get the same reaction I
did as Secretary of Defense Robert McNa-
mara put on his television show last week
and tried to downgrade the Communist men-
ace now in Cuba?
As be talked and presented his excellent
photographs showing how the missile sites
had been destroyed since the crisis last Oc-
tober. I noted that each photo's description
was ended with the phrase that told us we
were not to worry about anything at this
particular location.
Why does President Kennedy and his
bunch of starry-eyed advisers continue to
play the American people for a bunch of
suckers and morons?
No intelligent American would disagree
with the President's statement that we
should not fear an invasion or attack from
Cuba by Communist forces. Why then. take
great trouble to put such a premise to rest
and completely ignore that a Communist
base in this hemisphere is of great potential
danger to most all South American countries,
and when each one falls to communism, our
own position becomes that much more
vulnerable.
Why try to whitewash the picture and
make It appear otherwise?
Only a few weeks back Robert Kennedy,
the President's brother who handles the
Justice Department along with helping to
run our entire Government, stated in a
speech that "U.S. alrcover was never prom-
ised for the Bay of Pigs Invasion." The
President himself affirmed what Brother
Bobby said was right.
And so it was. No Intelligent American
who had read anything about the Bay of
Pigs ever did say that U.S. aircover was
promised to the invaders. What was prom-
ised was an airstrike by B-26 planes belong-
what we beard from the Secretary of te-
fense last week? Especially when all of the
evidence indicates that he is being used as a
part of the big lie too. _
When President Kennedy was elected I
wasn't too upset about the change in ad-
ministration, and, in fact, felt at the time
that his enthusiasm and earnestness might
be good for our country. Now I'm not only
sure that I Was wrong-I'm downright
scared.
I'm scared because he has surrounded
himself with theorists and incompetent ad-
viers who are endangering the future of our
country and our very existence by their
bumbling and inept planning, especially in
the field of foreign affairs.
And mostly of all, I'm scared because
a great majority of our citizens don't seem
to be concerned enough about It to want
to do anything about it
Maybe I shouldn't be scared-maybe I'm
crazy.
F The Shoe Is on the Other Foot
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
OF NEW TORE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. DEROUNIAN. -Mr. Speaker, the
Democratic politicians who apparently
are more interested in their party than
in their country are now screaming
"foul," because free discussion of our
policy in Cuba is being carried on. An
editorial in the Washington Evening
Star of February 19 and David Law-
rence's article in the same paper, the
evening following, repudiate the legiti-
macy of the synthetic and strident
voices.
The pity is that when Khrushchev
tosses us a crumb, our President grate-
fully accepts it as if the former were
really offering us something. The fact
of the matter is that apparently Presi-
dent Kennedy has made another Yalta
deal with Khrushchev in which, in my
opinion, he has promised the following:
First. We will not invade Cuba.
Second. We will immediately with-
draw our missiles around the world.
Third. We will about-face our pre-
viously strong, Eisenhower administra-
tion position on nuclear testing.
President Kennedy must bear the re-
sponsibility for these tragic moves of
appeasement.
BAD POLITICS?
In his role as chairman of the Foreign Re-
lations Committee, Senator FuLBRIGHT
doubtless Is a qualified judge of what is good
and what is bad for American foreign policy.
It does not necessarily follow, however, that
he also Is a competent judge of what is good,
or bad, politics.
The Senator from Arkansas has denounced
what he calls Intemperate and Irresponsible
Republican criticism of President Kennedy's
policies with respect to Cuba and General de
Gaulle. He also asserts that this kind of
partisanship "is not only bad policy; it Is
also bad politics."
This is a familiar phrase. But its validity
Is open to question. It may be true that the
GOP has stepped over the line which should
separate partisanship from foreign policy.
It is also true, however, that the Republican
n
Berlin to one. There are many others. in to the invaders (not U.S. planes), but
we live with a good deal of hazard all around g
the world and have for 15 years. I cannot on that fateful Tuesday morning, President
set down any time in which I can clearly see Kennedy himself called off the strike.
the end to the Castro regime. I believe it is Why?
going to come, but I couldn't possibly give a No high Government official denies that
time limit. the President called off the strike and to
this day, no explanation has been given.
The shocking answer is an undeni- Instead, platitudinous remarks are made and
able indication that President Kennedy we are. expected to believe them.
does not know what to do about Cuba. However, the most Important doubt that
Isit any wonder that our Latin Amen- kept popping up in my mind during Mc-
cat friends are thinking of the United Namara's Whitewashing job concerned the
States as a weakling when It comes to way the Cuban crisis was handled last
October.
taking any action? If International Is the President's memory to short that
Communism can send military help he thinks an intelligent American can for-
thousands of miles to maintain Its get-or overlook-the admitted fact that
beachhead of destruction In Cuba, why Is while a big meeting was being held In the
it that the united States refuses to send State Department to play down the danger
military aid to the patriots of freedom from Cuba, at the same time he and his
only 90 miles from our shores? Council were being briefed by Pentagon of-
. Acers and being shown photographs of the
salting Our Intelligence
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Or
HON. SAMUEL L. DEVINE
or amo
ZN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
missile sites in Cuba?
When newspaper reporters brought out
the factthat doubletaik was going on, what
should happen but that a high official named
Sylvester admitted publicly that the news
of the crisis had been doctored, and what
is even more reprehensive in an American
democracy. stated flatly that "managed
news" had been, and would continue to be
the policy.
In other words, we'll tell you what we want
you to bear, whether or not it's true. If
other Americans are like me, they may tell
me to hear, but they
what th want
Mr. DEVINE. Mr. Speaker, under can't make m
c me believe it.
leave to extend my remarks. I wish to And this is what bugs me about McNa-
invite the attention of Members of the mara's TV appearance. Government offi-
House and other interested persons to an cials lied-and admitted they lied-last Oc-
editorial entitled "Insulting Our Intelli- tober.
gene," written by A. Monroe Courtright, By what logic do they expect us to believe
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
carried out under the direction of David Zea-
man, Ph. D., professor of psychology at the
University of Connecticut, by a stag of
graduate fellows and students. While the
major contributions of this project so far
are essentially of value to the specialist, it
is hoped that in the future the results will
have direct bearing on learning processes of
retarded children.
Other projects undertaken by* the psy-
chological staffs are directly related to the
everyday problems of institutional adminis-
tration. A puncheard system collating all
pertinent data with respect to a given child,
including medical, social, and psychological
factors, was devised at Southbury. All resi-
dents of the training school have been fully
assessied, and valuable population data have
thus become readily accessible. Attempts at
,identifying successful and unsuccessful ward
personnel have been made at both schools,
and a number of graduate students have
completed projects relating to mental re-
TEACHER EDUCATION
Both Mansfield and Southbury have been
serving as preferred training centers for lo-
cal schools of education for many years. The
Southern Connecticut State College has held
many courses at Southbury, and its students
have practice teaching'at both institutions.
During the past summers the University of
Connecticut has conducted workshops for
teachers in special classes at Mansfield.
The utilization of the training school fa-
cilities is not limited to classroom personnel.
At present a number of psychological exam-
iners receive practical experience at Mans-
field, and the staff of the Seaside Regional
Center has contributed to.graduate educa-
tion of guidance counselors by demonstrat-
ing group counseling through one-way vision
observation and closed-circuit television,
demonstrations at the University of Con-
SOME FUTURE DEVELOPMENTS
In the past, institutions had relied on the
initiative of the staff and had capitalized on
their geographical location in establishing
mutually beneficial programs with universi-
ties. Thus Southbury has been closely asso-
etated with Yale and Southern Connecticut
State College, both in New Haven. Mans-
field has worked on a cooperative basis with
the nearby University of Connecticut. Re-
search was carried out independently with-
in the confines of each institution and with-
out the cooperation of a.central coordinat-
With the ,creationof the Office of Mental
Retardation, statewide research aclvities will
undoubtedly be undertaken in the future.
The addition of the large service list of re-
tardates available to this Office should in it-
self constitute a major research resource. It
seems logical that research in mental re-
tardation will follow the trend of the serv-
ices. The. emphasis will shift from intra-
institutional population studies to investiga-
tion , of children receiving services in the
community. Moreover, the expansion of fa-
cilities to include regional centers will en-
able the staff of these agencies to reach a
larger number of professionals by institut-
ing regional seminars. The educational and
research activities are therefore likely to en-
compass the State as'a whole, and thus, serve
as a model organization serving a greater
number of training .programs and investi-
gating the problem of mental retardation on
the broadest basis.
What About a National Surveyors Week?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. FRANK C. OSMERS, JR.
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. OSMERS. Mr. Speaker, it is well
known that George Washington, whose
birthday we celebrate this month, was an
outstanding surveyor as a young man.
His ,training as a surveyor, in fact, was
viewed by many who knew him as having
helped to form the strong base on which
he built a career without parallel in the
history of freedom.
Not so well known, I am sure, is the fact
that Abraham Lincoln, whose birthday
we also proudly celebrate this month,
was a practicing surveyor for a brief pe-
riod, after he had fought in the Black
Hawk War. Lincoln, who has been
called "the greatest of our mighty dead,"
was forced to discontinue surveying and
to sell his transit and other equipment
through lack of patronage in the sparse-
ly settled area in which he lived at that
time.
Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon,
who marked out the famous Mason and
Dixon Line so vital in our early history
were, of course, surveyors.
An interesting article "What About a
National Surveyors Week?" by Douglas
A. McIntosh, himself a land surveyor, ap-
peared in the January 1963 issue of the
magazine the National Surveyor, pub-
lished here in Washington by Larston
D. Farrar, a man well known to many of
us in Congress. This article points out
that surveyors once were high in public
esteem, but have not enjoyed as much
prestige as members of other professions
in recent years. This is not due, as the
author makes clear, to any character de-
ficiency in surveyors, or to any failure of
the profession to keep pace with the
march of technology or the demands of
modern methods. The surveyor is more
vital than ever-to everyone who buys or
sells a home, a lot, a farm, or builds any-
thing larger than a doghouse.
Mr. McIntosh suggests that surveyors
have failed to bring their good works to
the attention of the public they serve in
a way that will reflect credit upon their
profession and the thousands of fine in-
dividuals who serve in it. He also rec-
ommends methods of achieving this goal.
Because of the universal interest in
surveying, Mr. Speaker, under unanimous
consent I insert this fine article in the
Appendix of the RECORD:
WHAT ABOUT A NATIONAL SURVEYORS WEEK?
(By Douglas A. McIntosh)
(Would such a promotion help to dignify
the public image of the surveyor and how
best could it be worked? The National Sur-
veyor presents this thoughtful proposal,
from a noted practicing surveyor, as a proj-
A827
ect for discussion by surveyors in all sections
of the Nation. Your comments-for or
against-will be welcomed.)
In recent years, surveyors throughout our
country have been waging an ever-intensify-
ing battle for higher standards of education
and practice. Connected with this is the
subject of recognition, by the general pub-
lic, of the land surveyor and his role in our
modern industrial economy. A most useful
means of accomplishing this recognition or
awareness, I believe, would be through spon-
sorship of what could be called a National
Surveyors Week.
This would be a week officially designated
for the publicizing and promotion of sur-
veyors and surveying, giving the public new
insight into the vital role our profession
plays in modern life. This type of recogni-
tion program might be most effective on a
national basis, and it would work equally
well on a State or regional basis, However,
unless the local surveying association is
well organized, this type of promotion might
not work out as well on a city or county
basis, as it would nationally. Many pro-
fessional groups-including the engineers-
have found this form of "advertising" to be
both professionally and ethically acceptable
and to provide an effective public awareness
program.
To set up, organize, and successfully ex-
ecute a State or national recognition week
is a formidable job. It requires the leader-
ship of many persons and the time and
effort of many more.
There are five basic media forms which
lend themselves to this type of project: first,
radio; second, television; third, personal
talks and appearances; fourth, printed ma-
terial; and fifth, newspapers.
Each of these in turn can be broken down
into specific items.
Radio: (1) Spot announcements and news
items, and (2) forum or panel discussions
or other public service projects.
Television: (1) Spot announcements and
news items; (2) short filmed presentation
between programs; and (3) forum or panel
discussions or other public service projects.
Personal talks and appearances: (1) Proc-
lamation or other official announcement by
the President, Governors, mayors, or other
important public or political personages;
(2) invitational meetings, banquets or din-
ners with a program properly slanted to the
purposes; (3) personal discussions and
talks by members of the profession at
schools, colleges, meetings, etc.; and (4) dis-
plays of maps, pictures, various surveying
instruments and tools, and other surveying
products, results and material in store win-
dows, bank exhibition rooms, public build-
ings, etc.
Printed material: (1) Booklets, leaflets, or
brochures placed in public buildings, banks,
schools, colleges, etc.; (2) printing, distribu-
tion and usage of stamps for sealing letters;
(3) an attempt to have a U.S. postage stamp
printed in recognition of the surveyor and
Surveyors' Week; (4) the overprinting of
National Surveyors' Week or other slogans
on envelopes and other mailing covers; and
(5) printing, distribution, and usage of
.posters for display on bulletin boards and
the like.
Newspapers: (1) Nationally syndicated
news releases; (2) comments on editorial
page; (3) state news; (4) local news; (5)
local story on hometown surveyors.
This breakdown is by no means complete,
but it does list many of the basic methods of
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8 _'- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX February 21
promotion available. Under any circum-
stances Oil promotion and promotional ma-
terials should be strictly in good taste and
always professional in nature.
The financial costs, of a national program
are not small nor are they stagggerinfly high.
Much of the publicity 10i practically free for
the asking. All that is required Is to .take
advantage of this on a State and local level,
under the overall coordination and supervi-
sion of a national committee. To be suc-
cessful this national committee would re-
quire the finest cooperation and chain of
command that could be mustered.
Whether it be a State or National program,
the majority of the cost and time spent, and
the resulting benefits occur at the local level.
The overall plan, basic Ideas and material
furnished by a State or National committee
will produce no results without local appli-
cation. It Is the kind of project that, if it
is going to be done at all, must be done
well. A failure would be worse than nothing.
There is no question but that such a proj-
ect to be successfully completed would re-
quire outside help. The arrangements,
contacts, artwork, layout, printing, etc., all
require both skill and time beyond that
available from the average surveyor. One
solution to this would be the engaging of a
firm whose business is this type of promo-
tion program.
It is, of course, self evident that to accom-
plish the task of bringing surveying to the
public we cannot depend or rely on the work
of i week and do nothing the other 51. The
materials and Ideas generated from this Sur-
veyors' Week are easily adapted to everyday
use throughout the year.
As in many things, the first one is the
hardest and most expensive. Once the mold
Is made, it then becomes easier and less
costly. This applies equally to the promo-
tion of 'a National Surveyors' Week. Each
successive year's promotion follows this same
pattern.
It is not uncommon to select a theme or
slogan to emphasize or pinpoint a particular
item. Each year's theme should be differ-
ent and be used in a preplanned logical
pattern.
Abraham Lincoln said, "You can fool some
of the people all of the time and all the
people some of the time, but you cannot
fool all of the people all of the time." By
bringing surveying to the public we are in-
creasing our exposure to more praise and
criticism. This, in turn, increases our re-
sponsibilities. If we, as surveyors, cannot
assume this new status, which we ourselves
have created, then we will find that we are
caught in the political and economical proc-
ess of self-made self-extinction. We will
have become guilty of trying to fool all of
the people all of the time, ourselves included.
Status and respect are not self-proclaimed
virtues, but are bestowed upon us by others
for what we are.
If such a week is to be considered on a
national basis, the only organization now
capable of this is the American Congress on
Surveying and Mapping. At the annual
meeting of the American Congress on Sur-
veying and Mapping In Washington, D.C., In
March. this proposal could be discussed and
perhaps a national committee formed to pre=
pare a report as to whether the congress
would wish to undertake such a project, and
if so, a plan of organization and accomplish-
ment. If they should decide not to under-
take the project, this committee report would
still be most useful to State or local groups
who might wish to consider such a program.
The Birch Society Aim
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
as
HON. JAMES B. UTT
OF CALIFORNIA
- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, under unani-
mous consent to insert my remarks in
the Appendix of the RECORD. I wish to
include an editorial appearing in the
Anaheim (Calif.) Bulletin, Tuesday,
February 12. 1963. This editorial deals
with the aims and goals of the John
Birch Society and I challenge anyone to
refute the statements made in this edi-
torial. The John Birch Society is a tar-
get for every Communist-front organi-
zation and the so-called liberals who em-
brace the Communist Ideology, if not
the conspiracy. The John Birch Society
is the most damaging organization to the
un-American activities of the Commu-
nist conspiracy and its 400 fronts in
America.
The editorial follows:
Max BIRCH SoclrrY AIM
Whether on the National. State, county.
or local scene. each time that a group of
liberals find their intended programs ex-
posed to the public, immediately they put
forth the cry that "This is the result of the
John Birch Society."
The John Birch Society was founded for
the sole purpose of combating communism.
A group of dedicated, alarmed individuals
saw that the Government was allowing the
processes of .propagandizing to alter the at-
titudes of the general public to accept a
status of coexistence, tolerance, and actual
submission to Russia. They found that pro-
Communists had infiltrated the very top
echelons of the Federal Government. mainly
in the State Department. and that the ac-
tions and desires of the elected officials were
not effective in controlling the policies of
the Nation.
Through the founding of the Birch Society
information, plans, strategy, legislation, and
those persons responsible for the takeover
became known to the general public.
Through the medium of information and
education the great powerful middle class
were made aware of the ultimate designs of
this minority group. They found that under
the guise of socialism the United States was
being transformed Into a dictatorial govern-
ment dedicated to one worldtsm and federal-
ism that would be dominated by Russian ac-
tion In such organizations as the United
Nations.
Through the society these persons were in-
formed as to effective action that they as
individuals could take that would disrupt
and destroy the takeover program. They
became Informed on the extent of the prog-
ress of the communism-socialism activities
In all phases of life Including the programs
for churches, schools, city, county, State,
and Federal Government. The educational
program has proven highly successful in
combating the liberal socialist.
It is natural that the liberals would at-
tempt to destroy their enemy and their one
main recourse would be to smear, discredit,
and destroy the confidences the people were
placing in the reports and actions of the
John Birch Society.
The Birch Society has grown. Its member-
ship increases due to the authenticity of
their reports and the continual proving of
the Intent of the liberal-Socialist-Commu-
nists. They have but one purpose, that of
repulsing Communist aggression within the
Nation and this would include repulsing this
danger in any phase or within any facet of
life within the Nation.
Regardless of the smears and discrediting,
no court or no Investigation has found the
John Birch Society estamlisbed for any other
The U.N.: Wron About Cubit.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. FRANK J. BECKER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. BECKER. Mr. Speaker, atop
the editorial columns of Newsday is the
following quotation from Proverbs
29: 18.
Where there is no vision, the people perish.
Vision, always clearer in the bright
light of the facts, came to Newsday, I
am happy to say, in its lead, full-page
length editorial of February 19 entitled
"The U.N.: Wrong About Cuba."
The editorial follows rather closely, I
am also glad to observe, the general out-
line of facts which I have been providing
to Newsday and its readers for a long
time.
A stanch defender, nearly always of
the United Nations and openly friendly
to this administration, Newsday admir-
ably stated in one paragraph of the
editorial the undeniable fact that-
The people of the United States are sick
of having a foreign base, whether used for
espionage, subversion or masked aggression,
just 90 miles off their shore. They regard a
Communist Cuba as an insult to our na-
tional dignity and an armed Cuba as a posi-
tive danger.
Well said.
Newsday says that for the United Na-
tions to be spending $1,100,000 on an ag-
ricultural research station in Cuba
"comes as a slap inthe face to the United
States."
Again, well said.
Then this :
Thus, once again, and to its own damage,
the administration has given substance to
the fears expressed-not by confirming sus-
picions of hidden missiles and aggressive
Russian Intentions in Cuba-but by indi-
cating that its left hand knoweth not what
the right hand doeth.
I am unwilling to agree with all of
that paragraph, but I certainly do agree
that this administration demonstrated-
as It does time and again, day after
day-that its left hand knoweth not
what its right hand doeth.
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 1963 ,,..W . CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX
oue answer to the question,put by the one of open encouragement of terror as a
last sentence of Newsday'seditorial. It .principal weapon." This has been evidenced
asks; by the outbreaks within Venezuela, designed
Exactly how can we draw Castro's fangs
when the U.N. and some of our responsible
officers, are willing to go along with so out-
rageous a grant of funds?
Mr. Speaker, I congratulate Newsday
for having seen the light in this matter.
It is a matter of some pride with me that
I have been pasting the light of these
facts at Long Island and the Nation for
a long, long time.
The full text of the Newsday editorial
follows with one paragraph deleted
to prevent President Romulo Betancourt
from visiting the United States-which did
not. It had been further underlined by the
hijacking of a Venezuelan freighter and its
,.delivery to Brazilian waters. The Venezu-
elans of course will get the freighter back,
but plainly Castro through such tactics
hopes to stir up revolutionists in other coun-
tries, and so to disrupt Venezuelan life that
.the Betancourt government will fall.
Under such circumstances, it is essential
that the United States sternly remind the
U.N. of the things we have done for that
agency, and seek the same support we re-
This Nation has faithfully supported the
United Natipns since its inception; in fact,
the United States was the creator of the
noble :concept of a world parliament. When
the Russians repeatedly sought to wreck the
U.N. it was the United States that forestalled
the disaster. We have loaned money to keep
it afloat; we have faithfully paid our assess-
ments when Iron Curtain countries have
welshed or delayed, In every respect we have
displayed our dedication to this organiza-
tion.
It thus comes as, a slap in the face to find
the U.N.preparing,to spend $1,100,600 on an
agricultural research station in Cuba. For
Cuba is our enemy, and by its very nature
a dedicated enemy of the peaceful purposes
for which the U,N. was founded in 1,945. The
sum of money involved is perhaps trivial,
but by providing it the U.N. is lending its
prestige to Fidel Castro, who seeks through
subversion and violence to alienate all Latin
America and to divide in two the Western
Hemisphere.
The money is to come from the U.N. Spe-
cial Fund, to which the U.S. contributes 40
percent of the total annually. The director
of this fund is a fine citizen of .the United
States, Paul G. Hoffman, but in going along
With this grant he is acting with-the utmost
shortsightedness. He 'defends- It on the
ground that only foreign currency and no
American money as such will be used to carry
out the 5-year project. But of course it 3s
the American contributions that permit this
subterfuge to be indulged In.' And, as might
be expected, Cuba has never even met its
$55,000 per year commitment to the Special
Fund.
The administration has not covered itself
with glory in this sequence of events. The
President at his press conference last Thurs-
day swallowed and recited the no-American-
money excuse, Other sources have explained
that this is a voluntary project, and that
each country may specify how' its contribu-
tions are to be used, Congress, including
many Democrats, is infuriatedand,justly so.
House Speaker JOHN MCCO'RMACK, 15emo-
crat, of Mas'saclusetts, rarely makes a pub-
lic comment, but in this instance he ex-
pressed some views with which we agree:
"I feel the action as unwise, particularly in
light of the situation that exists..
The people of the Hailed States are sick
of having a foreign base, whether used for
espionage, subversion, or masked aggression,
just 90 miles off their shore. They regard
a Communist Cuba as an insult to our na-
tional dignity and an armed Cuba as a posi-
tive danger.
In fact while the administration was de-
fending the U.N. grant, one of its own
spokesmen was warning of violence to come.
Edwin M. Martin, Assistant Secretary of
State for Inter-American Affairs, has told a
House subcommittee:
"The Castro regime has shifted the em-
is apparently in the clouds, neglectful of
past obligations.
Cuba as a site for IRBM's may have had
its teeth drawn, but Cuba still packs a lot
of power as a disruptive force in this hemi-
sphere. Exactly how can we draw Castro's
fangs when the U.N. and some of our own
responsible officers, are willing to go along
with so outrageous a grant of funds?
"John and Martha Turnipseed Sez"
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ELMER J. HOFFMAN
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Speaker, we
are in the so-called atomic age which
seems to imply that we move at a rapid
pace in all directions,' and in all that
we-do. While it is well to keep abreast
With the changing times, we must not
lase the homespun faculty of realizing
that it is the little things in life that
mean so much. Let us not find that
one day a quick pull on our bootstraps
will awaken us to the realization that
we do not know where we have been.
This philosophy is so well expressed in
the column "John Turnipseed" of the
Jaliuary 1963, issue of the Prairie
Farmer,. I commend it for your reading.
The column is as follows:
JOHN NOTES THAT UNCLE SAM'S Boys ARE
GETTING PESTIFEROUS
We Turnipseeds ain't had much to do
with the Federal Guv'ment, what with us
bein' half-retired an' iivin' mostly on what
we was able to put away in better times,
but it sure seems like Uncle Sam has been
pesterin' us in most every mail this past
month.
. It 'pears like he must hev a million clerks
to 1geep busy, an' they all put in their time
tryin' to figger how they kin bother John Q.
Citizen. Mebbe they should lissen to the
advice of the wise old lady to the new bride:
If the time come when you think you got
to kill off your husband, get It over with in
a hurry, don't peck him to death.
Well, Uncle Sam's boys in Washington is
sure peckin'. I don't do much business with
our farm co-op these days on account of
I don't farm much, so my patronage refund
check which come in the mail the other day
was jest $17.84. But what do you know.
When I cash my check I got to put my social
security number on It on account of the
Guv'ment is afraid mebbe I will try to cheat.
A829
Now I am an old hand at turnip' the other
cheek, so I didn't let it bother me too much,
but a few days later I come home from town
an' found my wife Martha sputterin' like a
drop of water on a hot stove.
It so happens Martha owns a few shares
of stock in her own name, jest enuf to make
her a small capitalist, but not enuf to make
us rich like some people in Washington I
could mention. She got a dividend of $25
an' with it come a notice from the company
to right away send in her social security
number so they kin report her income to the
Guv'ment by number. If she ain't got a
number, go git one right away.
Turnipseed, Martha sez, glarin' at me like
I was -responsible, you're a citizen, why don't
you do something about this outrageous
monkey business.
Them people in Washington, she sez, are
gettin' so persnickety about us ordinary
folks, purty soon they will insist every last
person has got to wear a license number
like a car. They will tattoo it on you front
and back so they kin ketch you comin' an'
goin'. When they got it tattooed on your
behind they will pass a law thet you got to
go around with your rear bare so it will
show, or mebbe it will be bare anyway be-
cause they got all your clothes money.
I don't know when I hev seen Martha so
mad. The picture in my mind of people
runnin' around with a license number tat
tooed on their rear end was so funny I
started to laugh but thet was the wrong
thing to do. Instead of arguin' I decided
this was a good time to go out an' clean the
henhouse.
President Kennedy's Shameless Political
Blackjacking
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, Pres-
ident Kennedy is a great talker about
how we must have higher education of
our youth. According to yesterday's
Washington Evening Star, in a copy-
righted article by Joseph Young, it ap-
pears that a young citizen today does
not need education to get along in this
world. He just has to be a Democrat.
The White House has now taken per-
sonal control of 10,000 temporary sum-
mer jobs for college students and the re-
quirements will not be ability but what
political leader's OK the applicant has
received.
Since the parents of Republican stu-
dents pay taxes which supply the sala-
ries of these 10,000 temporary positions
and since Republicans will no longer
qualify for these positions, I wonder if
President Kennedy is going to rebate a
portion of the taxes paid by these Amer-
ican citizens.
It is difficult to believe that a Presi-
dent of the United States would do such
things.
The, article referred to follows:
WHITE HOUSE To CONTROL STUDENT
JOB PATRONAGE
(By Joseph Young)
The White House has taken control over
the patronage of the more than 10,000 stu-
dent summer jobs in Government.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX Peary 21
At a White House meeting last week,
which was held without the knowledge of
the Civil Service Commission, some of Preal-
4ent Kennedy's aids met with the political
appointees of various agencies who are
In- volved in patronage work.
A clearance system was set up whereby
the names of all students who have filed ap-
plications for summer employment in Gov-
erpment agencies will be sent to the White
House.
The State from which the student hails,
plus the college he is attending (If any),
will be included in the information sent to
the White House.
WASHT? eTON Sons
The jobs mainly are in Washington and
last from June through August.
Mrs. Dorothy Davies, a White House staff
assistant, who was in charge of the meet-
ing, said the purpose of the new system was
to assure "coordination" in order that the
agencies could make best use of the students'
talent.
Mrs. Davies did not deny that political
patronage Is one of the aims of the White
House clearance system, , but declared that
the Kennedy administration's primary con-
cern is that the-student talent be put to
the beet use possible and groomed for regu-
lar Federal employment when they graduate.
Civil Service Commission officials have
privately expressed dismay at the latest turn
of events.
While there has always been quite a bit
of personal patronage involved in summer
Government jobs, applicants have had to
pass civil service exams for clerical, typist,
and stenographer jobs. And in the case
of student trainee jobs, in which college
students take Federal summer employment
in Connection with what the Government
hopes will be their Federal professions after
graduation, they are selected from civil
service registers.,
TOY YOV'HS CERTrfrxa
The feeling among Government career
personnel officers is that it is wrong to play
politics where young people are concerned,
particularly among college students who are
the Government'8 hope for the future as far
as filling key career jobs are concerned.
It's no secret that a goodly portion of the
summer student jobs are filled on a personal
patronage basis each `year. Government
o dais-political and career-have hired
their own sons and daughters as well as the
children of friends or Members of Congress.
However, the CSC has been careful to certify
only the top qualifiers on" the student trainee
exam.
The White House job clearance system
may be an effort to channel these jobs In a
more political patronage area, whereby more
sons and daughters of Democratic Members
of Congress and key Democratic supporters
and contributors may get summer jobs in
Government.
Congress has shown Increased Interest in
these summer jobs. Last year the House
approved a bill to apportion these jobs on a
State-by-State basis. This would have the
effect of giving most of these jobs to students
outside of the Washington area. However,
the Senate failed to act on the bill before
adjournment.
This year a half dozen bills have been In-
troduced in Congress to achieve the same
objective.
In discussing the White House job clear-
ancesystem, Was Davies said in was a move
to channel the best possible talent to the
places in Government where it could be used
most effectively.
She said that, for example, if an agency
finds that its summer job vacancies are all
filled up, a place for a bright student could
be found In another Government agency
through a'coordinated placement system set
up in the White House.
Miss Davies refused to answer directly
whether the program also Involved political
patronage, other than saying that there al-
ways has been some patronage in summer
student jobs in Government.
Presumably, students still will have to
pass an exam to get the summer jobs.
Last year's Government summer job pro-
gram for students was given great emphasis
by the administration, with President Ken-
nedy and other top Government officials
addressing the students.
Betrayal of Cotton Industry
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. JAMES T. BROYHILL
Of notris CAROLIAA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. BROYHILL of North Carolina.
Mr. Speaker, one of the most unjust and
inequitable problems in this country to-
day is the two-price cotton system under
which American cotton is sold to foreign
textile producers at a lower price than
the same cotton is made available to
American textile mills. Foreign-produced
textiles are flooding the domestic Amer-
ican market and V.S. textile mills are
thrown into an impossible competitive
position. Destruction of a once flourish-
ing Industry, impoverishment of the
communities which depend upon cotton
mills, and dispossession of thousands of
American workers who look to this in-
dustry for a livelihood are the conse-
quences.
Clearly, this problem Is created by cal-
culated Federal policies which have at-
tempted to be all things to all people.
The wreckage of an industry is being
strewen along the way. There can be
little doubt that a continuation of two-
price cotton will also bring grave retri-
bution upon the cotton farmer-the
group the policy was originally developed
to help. With the handwriting on the
wall so plainly, we must return to a one-
price system for American cotton. In
the meantime, we must protect an Amer-
ican industry from further erosion re-
sulting from Government policies. The
Federal Government must stop attempt-
ing to gloss over this bad situation and
address itself to the root problem-two-
price cotton.
I wish to call to the attention of the
Congress an editorial which appeared in
the Sunday, February 17, edition of the
Daily Independent of Kannapolls, N.C.,
which discusses this problem In thought-
ful detail. The editorial is as follows:
SUACL NEW FRONTIER SaDVCES AND BETRAYS
COTTON INDUSTRY
There's a bale of cotton in the lobby of
Cabarrus Bank & Trust Co. here and an-
other In the reception room at Cannon Mills
Co.'s main office.
Inappropriate places for cotton. you might
say. But are they? The principal raw ma-
terial used by Cannon Mills Is cotton.
Therefore the basis of Kannapolis' economy
is cotton and the Eannapolls banks, of which
Cabarrus is one. are active middlemen In the
commercial operations here that flourish on
that economy. It might be a good idea to
give your children a look at that cotton.
f
The stuff might be as ext?hct as the steam
locomotive by the time lour grandchildren
grow up.
The bales were placed In these prominent
places to help emphasize the disparity be-
tween raw cotton costs for American mills
and for their foreign competitors. This is
a deadly differential, due to the United
States unique system of price supports for
the benefit of cottongrowers. . It now
amounts to $42.50 per bale. In other words
American cotton co=ts American mills about
one-third more than American cotton costs
foreign mills. This is a flagrant Injustice
that has already led to the loss of many
American jobs and which is sure to bring
about the loss of more unless the situation is
corrected.
An expedient to give the cotton textile
indu:try some relief from this unfair com-
petitive obstacle without upsetting the grow-
er subsidy system so dear to the hearts of
vote-conscious Congressmen was proposed
by the industry-through the American Tex-
tile Manufacturers Institute's cotton policy
committee which is headed by C. A. Cannon,
of Kannapolis. It seemed to have the bless-
ings of the Kennedy administration, which
had mouthed concern over the plight of the
textile workers, but it was emasculated by
the House Agriculture Committee. It will
be worthle-s as relief to the industry and
its workers In its present form.
The ATMI's executive committee Friday
said It was deeply disturbed and disap-
pointed over the committee's failure to en-
dorse the one-price cotton proposal. It took
P:eridcnt Kennedy to task for his failure to
lend administration support to an equaliza-
tion of cotton costs between American and
foreign mills. Instead of supporting a
clear-cut return to a one-price system, as
representatives of the industry had been led
to believe would be done, the administration
supported a provision that would give dis-
cretion to the Secretary of Agriculture In
determining a spread between the domestic
and foreign price. In other words, a con-
tinuation of the present system with the
price spread perhaps narrowed a little.
Gerald L. Dearing, cotton market expert
for the Memphis, Tenn., Commercial Appeal,
puts it a bit more forcefully, and with equal
truth :
"The seduction of the cotton industry by
the New Frontier ended as all such ill-
advised romances end," Dearing wrote, "with
betrayal and rejection."
Dearing continued: "No starry-eyed
maiden taking her first step down the prim-
rose path was filled with more hope and
anticipation than was the cotton industry
when it began Its affair with the New
Frontier.
"The Industry feared the New Frontier
when it came into its life. It rejected its
courtship when the New Frontier sought to
shower It with gifts from the public treasury
In the form of higher support prices.
"But the New Frontier was wise in the
way of wooing. It admitted' that it was
wrong, that It should not have taken the
approach it had token. It talked of revers-
ing Its approach, of undoing the wrong that
it had done.
"The industry maintained faith when the
promised price reduction in 1962 failed to
develop, bolstered by the promise that there
would be Import restrictions which would
make things better. Like the promise of the
price cut, the Import restrictions were
mostly promises and little accomplishment.
"The head of the New Frontier registered
Indignation that the promises were not ful-
filled and he made new promises.
"These included a one-price system for
cotton, a revival of the industry and a re-
vitaliz .t'on of the cotton economy. The
Industry w:.is enraptured at the prospect,
willing to forgive and forget past deceits.
It turned rtgninst those who maintained that
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- APPENDIX
Whereas the aforesaid stamps when issued Disposal of wash water in country dry well
were of a special or commemorative nature or septic tank installations brings the
and therefore limited in printing which has eternal sudsing qualities to light even
made them now obsolete and no longer avail- sooner. Eventual seepage of detergent-laden
able for purchase: Therefore be it wash water into wells gives precisely what
Resolved, That the Knights of Columbus was first indicated-drinking water with a
through their patriotic Fourth Degree Order head on it.
petition the Congress of the United States The difficulty is not confined to this coun-
to authorize the Postmaster General. to have try. It isn't something resulting simply
on hand always in the post office in Wash- from chemical discoveries, applied to wash-
ington a sufficient supply of stamps bearing ing powder manufacture and trade, as con-
the likeness of the Stars and Stripes un- cerns U.S. residents. A year from now West
furled, whether of a special issue or ordinary Germany is going to ban certain hard de-
postage stamp issue and of a first-class rate tergents from all further use, permitting a
denomination, to satisfy the just demands type which does not give this endless sudsing
of patriotic groups or any individual for effect.
their use; and be it further Law already on the books in West Ger-
Resolved, That when such a program is many, Representative REUSS points out, will
resolved that the Postmaster General shall prohibit further sale of hard detergents after
announce at once and thereafter at least once December 31, 1964. Considering the fact that
each ensuing year through the Department's in some sections of the country well con-
post offices that a permanent patriotic stamp tamination Is already a very serious problem
service is available upon request at the post for householders, regulation of sales of this
office in Washington and/or at its philatelic type of soap substitute plainly is called for.
le
a
c
sa
s
gen
y in Washington.
JOHN WILLIAM MURPHY,
Navigator, Bishop B. J. Eustace Gen-
eral Assembly, Fourth Degree
Knights of Columbus.
WILLIAM D. STILLWELL,
Master, St. Isaac Jogues Province,
Second New Jersey District.
(Resolution adopted April 18, 1962, after
presentation by the maker, Paul P. Zachary,
an officer of the assembly.)
Ban on Foaming Detergents Backed
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HENRY S. REUSS
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, January 24, 1963
Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, my bill,
H.R. 2105, would wipe out one important
cause of water pollution in this- country
by banning from interstate commerce
after mid-1965 all. synthetic detergents
that do not meet standards of decom-
posibility to be set by the Surgeon Gen-
eral. This would not require a costly,
inconvenient reversion to soap as the
main cleansing agent used by Americans.
Rather, it would demand a switch to de-
tergents that do decompose after use.
Such decomposible detergents have al-
ready been developed in West Germany.
In addition to a great many favorable
letters from citizens, private organiza-
tions and municipalities throughout the
Nation, The Day of New London, Conn.,
recently wrote this editorial in support
of H.R. 2105:
'BAN ON DETERGENTS
Drinking water with a head on it is no
joke, though the term has been used to get
and hold attention before now. Increasingly
serious problems with the never-ending,
sudsing qualities of various detergents now
on the market for anyone to buy and use,
cause this phenomenon. It has led to pro-
posed Federal legislation.
Representative HENRY S. REUSS, a Mil-
waukee Democrat, has introduced a bill in
the House of Representatives in Washington
which would ban the sale of certain types of
detergents. The reason: Even when wash
water is disposed of through conventional
approved city systems it eventually finds its
way Into rivers, lakes, and so on. And once
it gets there it begins to froth. all over again.
What To Do About Cuba
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
OF NEW YORK
IN'THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
M. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, Pres-
ident Kennedy bemoans the fact that his
critics on his Cuban policy do not offer
a solution..
All the People of the United States
want President Kennedy to do is to carry
out his campaign pledge of 1960.
In Tuesday's edition of the Washing-
ton Daily News, an excellent editorial
offers a very sensible solution which can
be put into effect now, if President
Kennedy has the courage to do it. In
this, he would have the overwhelming
support of the American people.
The editorial follows:
WHAT To Do ABOUT CUBA
Mounting public concern over U.S. policy
as to Cuba is completely misunderstood, in
our opinion, by J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT, chair-
man of the Senate Foreign Relations Com-
mittee.
And he misstates his case when he implies
criticism mainly is prompted by partisan Re-
publican motives. High-ranking Democrats
also are numbered among the critics,
Senator FULBRIGHT discounts Cuba as a
military threat to the United States and
there isn't a great deal of argument about
that. The 17,000 to 20,000 Soviet troops on
the island would be overwhelmed by U.S.
forces in event of armed conflict. Repeated
emphasis on this military threat, or the lack
of it-offensive or defensive missiles-serves
merely to distract attention from the real
menace of Comunist Cuba.
That menace is the establishment of a
hostile foreign power almost within sight
of U.S. soil. It is the existence of a Com-
munist police state within the Americas-
something President Kennedy once said we
would not tolerate.
We do not know why the Soviets main-
tain this large military force on Cuba but
believe it to have two purposes: to hold
over the Cuban people the threat of Soviet
tanks, as in Hungary, if they try to revolt
against the Castro tyranny; to train sub-
versive agents for sabotage and revolution
in the Latin American States, carrying ex-
A815
plosives and small arms, transshipped from
this bristling arms depot.
This subversive campaign isn't a theory.
Castro boasts of it. The effects are plain In,
for instance, Venezuela where there have
been Communist-led riots, dynamitings and
most recently, the hijacking of a Venezuelan
ship by Communist pirates. Cuba is little
more than a rowboat ride from the island of
Hispaniola, occupied by the bitterly misruled
nation of Haiti and the Dominican Repub-
lic, the latter struggling to establish demo-
cratic rule after a long generation ' of vile
dictatorship.
These only hint the dangers inherent in a
Communist Cuba. The imminent menace
extends to the militarily weak, small nations
of Central America, to economically troubled
Brazil-in fact to most of Latin America.
Among those urging highest priority to
forcing the Soviet troops out of Cuba is
JOHN STENNIS, a Democrat and head of the
Senate Preparedness Subcommittee investi-
gating the Cuban military buildup.
He does not urge invasion. In our opin-
ion few would approve that, at least at this
time. But there are effective measures the
administration could take, short of invasion.
These call for tough economic and diplo-
matic sanctions to isolate Cuba, with reim-
position of the blockade as a next-to-last
resort.
Naturally these steps involve dangers; but
doing nothing, or next to nothing, involves
still worse dangers. Basically we think
growing U.S. discontent is Inspired by a feel-
ing that the administration, after vigorous
blockade action, has gone soft on Cuba-'
that it is submissive to repeated Soviet
affront, that it even has relaxed the sternness
of measures in preparation before the big
missiles were photographed.
By one method or another this increas-
ingly dangerous infection must be rooted out
of the Americas and the longer we delay
the wider It will spread.
Fino Asks for Referendum on National
Lottery
EXTENSION. OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PAUL A. FINO
OF NEW YORK -
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, under leave
to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I
include the following release:
FIND ASKS FOR REFERENDUM ON NATIONAL
LOTTERY
Congressman PAUL A. FIND, Republican, of
New York, No. 1 advocate of a Government-
run lottery to reduce taxes, today introduced
a bill calling for a national referendum on
the question of whether- or not the Federal
Government should sponsor a national lot-
tery.
Congressman FIND, in urging a referendum
on this important question, said:
"Although several nationwide polls have
shown that a majority of the American peo-
ple favor a Federal lottery as a means to cut
taxes, fear among Members of Congress -that
this type of bill Is a "hot potato" has pre-
vented legislative consideration.
"Because of this unfounded fear among my
colleagues, the taxpayers in this country con-
tinue to suffer from the discriminatory and
unconscionable taxes imposed upon them.
"Up until now, the voters in the United
States who support this painless and volun-
tary form of taxation have had - no direct
voice on this tax relief measure.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX February 21
orn urging a referendum on this vital
question, the American voters *111 be given
an opportunity to express their desire with
respect to a national lottery.
"I am sure that if the American people
are afforded the chance, they will over-
whelmingly indicate their approval of this
kind of legislation. An expression of ap-
proval by a majority of the American voters
will be a clear-cut mandate to the Congress
to enact a national lottery.
"I urge all unhappy taxpayers to write to
their '"Congressmen and demand full support
of this bill."
Insulting Our Intelligence
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK
OF =0
IN TB HOUSE OF' REPRESENTATIVES
Tursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. ASFMRO6M. 'Mr. Speaker, it is
becoming more apparent each day that
Americans at the grassroots level are not
being duped by the gaseous diffusion
which emits from Foggy Bottom, our
State Department. That we are not
being told the truth In the Cuban fiasco
is coming to light more and more. Last
fall, Russians in Cuba were technicians.
Now they are plainly referred to by this
administration as troops: Th this maze
of contradictions a free press and' the
American public are gradually piecing
together the grand design of appease-
ment and stupidity which has marked
the handling of the Cuban situation
from the Bay of Pigs th the present
time.
Mr. A. Monroe Courtright, publisher
of the Public Opinion,Westerville. Ohio,
has written a very sound editorial which
penetrates the Issue with great clarity
and depth. I commend it to my col-
leagues'
INSULTING Out INTELLICENCx
By A. Monroe Courtrtght)
speech that "U.S. air cover was net'er prom-
ised for the Bay of Pigs Invasion." The
President himself affirmed what Brother
Bobby said was right.
And so it was-no Intelligent American
who bad read anything about the Bay of
Pigs ever did say that U.B. air cover was
promised to the invaders. What WAS prom-
ised was an air strike by B-26 planes be-
longing to the invaders (not U.S. planes),
but on that fateful Tuesday morning, Presi-
dent Kennedy himself called off the strike.
Why?
No high Government official denies that
the President called off the strike and to
this day, no explanation has been given.
Instead, platitudinous remarks are made
an4 we are expected to believe them.
However, the most Important doubt that
kept popping up In my mind during Mc-
Namars's whitewashing job concerned the
way the Cuban crisis was bandied last
October.
Is the President's memory so -abort that
he thinks an Intelligent American can for-
get-ur overlook-the admitted fact that
while a big meeting was being held in the
State Department to play down the danger
from Cuba, at the same time he and his
Council were being briefed by Pentagon offi-
cers and being shown photographs of the
missile sites in Cuba.
When newspaper reporters brought out the
no longer living In their homeland can
freely celebrate this national holiday.
It was on February 16, 1918, that the
little Republic declared herself free of
the ancient Russian tyranny. Twenty-
two years later this freedom was brutally
betrayed by a new tyrant, Joseph Stalin.
Yet the memory of liberty survives in
Lithuania and the other Baltic States.
Soviet propaganda asserting that
these captive peoples rejoice in their
slavery to Moscow fools no one.
These nations cannot be rescued from
their serfdom at the cost of a third
global war, for the price would be too
great for humanity to pay. But they
will not be forgotten in the free world.
Some day, when the Communist empire
has crumbled, they will be free again.
In the meantime, we take every oppor-
tunity to confirm our friendship with
Lithuanians everywhere and salute them
for their past and future victories.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. GEORGE MEADER
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. MEADER. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks, I include
the following editorial from the Monroe
(Mich.) Evening News of February 13,
fact that doubletalk was going on, what
should happen but that a high official named
Sylvester admitted publicly that the news of
the crisis had been doctored, and what is
even more reprehensive In an American de-
mocracy, stated flatly that managed news had
been, and would continue to be the policy.
In other words, we'll tell you what we want
you to hear. whether or not It's true.
If other Americans are like me-they may
tell me what they want me to hear, but they
can't make me believe It.
And this Is what bugs me about McNa-
mara', TV appearance.
Government officials lied-and admitted
they lied-last October.
By what logic do they expect us to believe
what we heard from the Secretary of De-
fense last week? Especially when all of the
evidence indicates that he is being used as a
part of the big lie too.
When President Kennedy was elected, I
wasn't too upset about the change in ad-
ministration, and, in fact, felt at the time
that his enthusiasm and earnestness might
be good for our country. Now I'm not only
sure that I was wrong-I'm downright scared.
I'm scared because he has surrounded him-
self with theorists and Incompetent advisers
who are endangering the future of our coun-
try and our very existence by their bumbling
and Inept planning, especially in the field of
foreign affairs.
And mostly of all, I'm scared because a
great majority of our citizens don't seem to
be concerned enough about it to want to do
anything about it.
Maybe I shouldn't be scared-maybe I'm
crazy.
I dunno-did you get the same reaction I
did as Secretary of Defense Robert McNa-
mara put on his television show last week
and tried to downgrade the Communist
menace now in Cuba?
As he talked and presented his excellent
photographs showing how the missile sites
had been destroyed since the crisis last Oc-
tober, I noted that each photo's description
not dto with
his
wwerre ended
worry about anything dat ts we
particular location.
Why does President Kennedy and his
bunch of starry-eyed advisers continue to
play the American people for a bunch of
suckers and morons?
No Intelligent American would disagree
with the President's statement that we
should not fear an invasion or attack from
Cuba by Communist forces. Why then, take
great trouble to put suet a premise to rest
and completely ignore that a Communist
base' in this hemisphere is Of great poten-
tial danger to most all South American
countries, and when each one falls to com-
munism, our Own position becomes that
'
much more vulnerable.
Why try to whitewash the picture
make it appear otherwise?
Lithuanian Independence Day
SPEECH
HON. FRANK M. CLARK
or PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday. February 14, 1963
Mr. CLARK. Mr. Speaker, if it had
not been for Russian aggression in 1940
Lithuania would be celebrating this week
the 45th anniversary of her independ-
ence. Instead. only those Lithuanians
Only a few weeks back Robert Kennedy,
the President's brother who handles the
Justice Department along with helping to
run cur entire Government, stated In a
Reacting from the continuing bipartisan
congressional pressure, the administration is
cracking its wall of managed news and as
a result Americans are gaining more and
more insight into the forces that threatened
the Nation several months ago and the ca-
pabilities of the men responsible for the Na-
tion's well-being.
In a recent issue, U.S. News & World Re-
port magazine summarized the various esti-
mates of Soviet manpower in Cuba published
by Government agencies following the period
of crisis. On October 16 one Government
agency noted that there were almost 5.000
men of the Soviet armed forces on the
island. On November 7 that was increased
from 8.000 to 13,000 men. A Government
source on November 29 noted that there
were 8,000 to 10,000 men in Cuba; by Decem-
ber 20 the figure had Increased to 9.000 to
15,000 and on January 24 there were 16,000
to 17.000 Soviets on the island. Then on the
February 6 Defense Department briefing.
Secretary McNamara said there had been 22,-
000 Russian military personnel in Cuba dur-
ing the November peak, but that 5,000 have
left and 17.000 remain. On the same day,
CIA Director McCone used the same figure.
Even as Government agencies can't seem to
get together in their information policies,
apparently there are personnel within the
agencies who interpret information in a dif-
ferent light than administration policymak-
era. For it has been revealed that much of
the information Sen. Kenneth Keating has
been disclosing, both recently and before the
Cuban showdown when he correctly esti-
mated Soviet intentions, has been coming
from sources within the Government and
not, as was first supposed, from Cuban ref-
ugees.
Now there is new information regarding
the Defense Department's knowledge of the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Cuban.-SOvlet missile threat. During the na-
tionwide television briefing by Defense De-
partment intelligence specialist John Hughes,
the Government revealed that it received its
first hard evidence of Soviet missile base con-
struction on October 14. This varies with
previous statements that the Government was
unaware of Russian intentions until almost
a week later.
Yet in a ,tabulation of U.S, military moves
directed toward Cuba, newspaperman Fletch-
er Knebel writes that "As early as September,
.Gen., Walter C. Sweeney, Jr., -head of the
Tactical Air Command ? * " and his staff
had drafted an air offensive plan, should a
Cuban airstrike, be ordered. General Swee-
ney briefed Gen. Curtis E. LeMay, Air Force
Chief of Staff, on the plan in Washington on
September 2d, and General LeMay ordered
SAC to be battle ready by October 20. By
October 10 such Air Force supplies as bombs,
rockets, napalm, forklifts, frozen food lockers,
folding cots and high explosive 20-milli-
meter ammunition began moving to Florida
by plane, truck and rail. On October 15 the
Air Force established a unified command post
at Homestead Air Force Base, Fla."
Lithuanian Independence Day
OF
HON. JOHN J, ROONEY
Or NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 14, 1963
Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Speaker, for more
than 120 years, from 1795 until 1917, the
Lithuanian people longed for their de-
liverance from czarist oppression. Then
they saw their long-cherished dream
come true in 1918. When the czarist
regime in Russia was overthrown, they
were free. Lithuania proclaimed its na-
tional independence on February 16, 45
years ago.
-
Thenceforth for more than two dec-
ades these proud Baltic people enjoyed
their well-earned independence. They
organized a democratic form of govern-
ment, rebuilt their war-ravaged coun-
try, revived their national institutions,
and made distinct advances on the so-
cial, economic, political, and cultural
fronts. Their.country grew prosperous
and strong. Lithuania thus once more
became an honored member of the free
community of nations.
Unfortunately, however, the hopeful
Republic thus born and reared under the
care of patriotic Lithuanians was not to
have a long life, In the world turmoil
of the late 1930's Lithuania's independ-
ence was put in jeopardy. In the fall of
1939, she was forced into a nonaggres-
sion pact with the Soviet Union, and in
the summer of 1940 she was incorporated
into the Soviet Empire. An independent
Lithuanian Republic then ceased to
exist.
Ever since the Lithuanian people have
been denied freedom in their homeland.
During the last war the country was
under Nazi occupation for 3 years;
in 1944 the equally dreaded Red Army
returned, with its commissars and secret
police, and there it remains to this day.
The hapless Lithuanian people have been
cut off from the outside and the country
has been forcibly and pitifully estranged
from the free world. Such is the un-
happy lot of these gallant and gifted
Lithuanians. On this 45th anniversary
of their Independence Day I know free
people everywhere hope and pray for
their deliverance from Communist to-
talitarian tyranny at the earliest possible
moment.
Housing for the Elderly an Urgent Need
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. MAURINE B. NEUBERGER
OF OREGON
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mrs. NEUBERGER. Mr. President,
one of the critical social needs in our
country is adequate housing for the el-
derly. The Portland Housing Authority
is completing a 13-story Northwest
Tower Apartment which provides an im-
portant beginning in meeting the hous-
ing needs of our older citizens.
Because of the urban renewal and
highway programs adequate housing for
the elderly is a critical problem at this
time. Highly informative hearings were
held last fall in Portland by the'Senate
Committee on Aging. Senator HARRISON
WILLIAMS and I had the opportunity to
view the critical needs and the progress
that is being made. This new apartment
building in Portland is only a beginning
in meeting the,need.
As a member of the Banking and Cur-
rency Committee, which has jurisdiction
over housing legislation, I am partic-
ularly aware of the changes in this field.
Further action is needed, not only by the
Federal Government but also by State
and local governments, if this problem is
to be solved. Additional funds for Fed-
eral low-interest loans should be pro-
vided for cities, States, and local units
of government.
Mr. President, I desire to call attention
to the progress being made in this field
in my home city of Portland, Oreg., and
I ask unanimous consent to have printed
in the Appendix of the RECORD an edi-
torial entitled, "Progress Refugees,"
which appeared in the Sunday Oregon-
ian of February 3, 1963.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
PROGRESS REFUGEES
One of the new buildings whose com-
pletion this year will alter the Portland
skyline is the 13-story Northwest Tower,
the Portland Housing Authority's project for
the housing of elderly, low-income men and
women.
The concrete skeleton of the half-finished
building, towering over Northwest Portland,
is imposing. But the fact is that it scarcely
scratches the surface of the problem that
prompted its erection.
The Housing Authority's general director,
Gene Rossman, told a Portland audience last
week that his agency already has almost 600
applications, all qualified, for residence in the
building, which will accommodate only one-
fourth that number. -
And this is not the whole story. A recent
survey by the Housing Authority revealed
that three out of every four of Portland's
A817
6,000 recipients of old age assistance live in
substandard quarters. There are other thou-
sands of oldsters living on minimum social
security payments and meager income of
various sorts.
Many elderly, low-income couples and in-
dividuals live in westside and near-eastside
areas, where cheap housing is available with-
in walking distance of services and enter-
tainment. They cannot afford to live else-
where, if for no other reason than trans-
portation. The Portland Development Com-
mission has found that a surprisingly large
number of those displaced by the South
Auditorium urban renewal project moved in-
to quarters as near as possible to their former
homes. Now, some of these have been jolted
out again by the Foothills Freeway right-of-
way.
There's the rub. The downtown freeways
appear to covet the same neighborhoods
enjoyed by the aged renter seeking a decent
housekeeping room within easy reach of the
stores, the theaters, the libraries and muse-
ums. It is an unequal contest, that between
the highways and the old men and women.
The winner is foreordained. The losers must
scatter before the bulldozers, their vulner-
able positions made more precarious still by
the worry and expense of finding new
quarters within their means.
Portland city authorities have taken some
steps to help such displaced persons: BIIt
state authorities, who have at least equal
responsibilities in some circumstances, ap-
parently consider that the human problem
is no part of the job of building highways.
Neither the city nor the State can overlook
the fact that housing for the aged is a prob-
lem in large part created by the demands
of the times-demands that are altering the
faces of our cities. It will not be solved by
building low-rent quarters for 150 family
units. For the freeway's victims alone will be
counted in the thousands within the next
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, al-
most weekly, there is a new estimate by
the Kennedy administration of the num-
bers of Soviet troops in Cuba. In the
February 19 issue of the Washington
Daily News an article by Jim Lucas indi-
cates that a majority of the Western
Hemisphere countries have fewer men in
their armed forces than the Russians
have troops in Cuba. I wonder if the
American people are as naive as the
President of the United States when he
says that. most .of these Russian troops
are technicians or defensive.
When will this administration wake
up?
HEMISPHERE ARMIES HAVE FEWER MEN THAN
REDS IN CUBA
(By Jim G. Lucas)
A majority of Western Hemisphere coun-
tries have fewer men in their armed forces
than the Russians have troops in Cuba.
Early this month, CIA Director John Mc-
Cone told the Senate Armed Services Com-
mittee there were 17,000 Soviet regular troops
in Cuba.
A check today shows that nine hemisphere
nations-Bolivia, (Costa Rica (which has no
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX February- f1
ed farces) , Dominican Republic, Ecuador,
ustemals, Haiti, Nicaragua, Panama, and
,raguay-4tave fewer than 17,000 men under
Seven-Argentina, Brazil, Canada. Chile.
lombia, Mexico, and Venezuela-have
Cte. Totals for E1 Salvador, Honduras.
and Uruguay Were not readily avail-
it.
VANES, T.
-Mr. McCone told Congress some Cuban-
aased Russians were "manning tanks and
f'ttatning units, he said.
bout this.a President Kennedy has asked the
Russians to call their troops home. But the
a4lhite Rouse and Pentagon insist neither the
Soviets nor the Cubans constitute an of-
fensive threat to this country at the moment.
The stated mission of these 17,000 Russians
is to advise, train, and equip 276.000 Cubans.
Mr. McCone' said Castro has 75.000 regulars.
100.000 militiamen, and 100.000 home gaurds.
All of these are under more or less continu-
tug mobilization, although the number on
duty may vary from week to week and month
to month.
This 275,000-man force gives Cuba the sec-
end most powerful military machine in the
Western Hemisphere ae-cond to the United
States with our 2.6 million men In all serv-
ices. Brazil is right behind Cuba with
960,000, followed by Canada with 126.000. Ar-
gentina with 105,000. Mexico with 58.200. and
Chile with 45.700.
Cubans not only have the manpower edge
over most hemisphere armies, they also have
received a lot more modern arms. Although
massive Soviet deliveries had slacked off, Mr.
]MCone told Congress. they had not ceased
altogether. Re said the Soviets had given
Cuba "tanks, field artillery pieces, and jet
military aircraft." He said they had built
Cuba "an integrated air defense system em-
ploying surface-to-air missiles, complex ra-
dar, antiaircraft batteries, and jet fighters."
The Cubans', he said, have 24 missile sites,
each with 6 launchers for a total of 500
missiles "manned entirely by Soviet person-
nel." They have 100 Mig jet fighterss, in-
cluding42 which fly twice the speed of sound.
150 coastal defense missiles on 4 opera-
tional sites, 12 guided-missile patrol boats.
and 4 mobile armored groups equipped
with "advanced type tactical rockets" with
ranges of 25 miles.
Other than the United States and possibly
Canada, no other American country has such
a variety of modern arms.
Whose Victory in Cuba?
EXTENSION' OF REMARKS
HON. RALPH HARVEY
it nrnrANA
IN TEE, SOUSE OF REPRESENTATTV'E.S
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. HARVEY of Indiana. Mr. Speak-
er, under leave to extend my remarks
in the Racoilb, I Include the following
editorial from the Muncie Star, Muncie,
Cuba has provided Soviet Russia with s
site for early warning radar capable of cov-
ering many of the missile sites In the United
states.
This is another part of the military victory
won by the Reds when they established their
Caribbean base. It is another reason to
wonder who won a victory when President
Kennedy abilottnced Tits October agreement
with Khrushchev.
The Reds now have available a site that
Is much closer to the continental United
States-and the Titan and Minuteman mis-
sile batteries -than they have ever had be-
Tore. A circle of 2,000 miles from Tucson
and Phoenix In the West, north past Den-
ver and up into the Dakotas and over the
entire Nation east of the Mississippi River.
How early warning radar works can be
learned from what is publicly known of
American Installations. According to De-
fense Secretary Robert S. McNamara. the two
stations at Clear, Alaska, and Thule, Green-
land, are now In operation. A third at Ply-
ingadale, England. will join the Ballistic Mis-
sile Early Warning System in a few months.
They are at least 3.000 miles from the loca-
tions most often mentioned as probable Rus-
sian missile sites.
If we can find Russian missiles 3.000 miles
away, the Reds can Meats ours, from Cuba.
over the shorter distance of 2,000 miles.
Public testimony to date indicates that the
advantage of a few minutes additional time
would be invaluable In an exchange of nu-
clear rockets. The need to get Information
as quickly as possible about any attack
across the North Pole Is what caused this
country to build the SMEWS line In Alaska,
Greenland, and England.
There Is no way to know, at this time.
whether the Reds will make use of Cuba as
an early warning site against missiles In this
country. Yet, geography is not subject to
change. Why shouldn't the Russians capi-
talize fully on their advantage? If Khru-
ahchev failed to press his opportunity to the
fullest. It would be the first time be has
failed to do so.
So-the availability of Cuba as an early
warning site next door to the missile bat-
teries of the United States is another fm-
portent strategic victory for the Kremlin.
Safety or Bureaucracy?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. JOHN M. ASHBROOK
or 01110
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 21, 1963
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I am
Inserting in the Racoab a very thought-
provoking editorial from the AOPA Pilot,
issue of December 1962. It highlights
in very graphic form some of the prob-
lems facing the small aircraft owners
and pilots in America. I commend It to
the Members of Congress:
SArcrr oa BuaLtvcaAct?
Before long the FAA will submit its next
annual budget for congressional considera-
tion. There is little chance it will reflect
any Interest in economy; It almost certainly
will be higher than the $768 million they got
for the current year. As we said in March,
the fiscal year 1983 budget almost defies
comprehension: It has cost every U.S. man,
woman, and child about $4.32, and was more
than the cost of the entire U.S. Government
for any year front 1782 through 1916.
We expect the FAA's fiscal year 1964
budget to surpass that. They've had a 5-
year plan for Dome time that called for an
ultimate of 57,000 employees (they pres-
ently have 45.000), and an annual budget of
a round billion dollars. Mr. Halaby, him-
self, expressed concern at this, and recently
cut that ultimate goal back to 53,000 em-
ployees and $900 million.
It is time for AOPA'a membership to take
an active, aggressive part in stemming this
outpouring of public funds.
First, it is essential that the facts be
known. Prom time to time in the past
AOPA has published current statistics show-
ing that general aviation represents over
90 percent of the country's active civil air-
craft, and accounts for the great majority
of active civil pilots, flying hours, aircraft
movements, and whatever other pertinent
statistics we can find.
While Mr. Halaby'a administration is the
first to actively recognize general aviation
for the first time, it still Is overwhelmingly
true that a major percentage of the FAA is
slanted toward the jet airliner, gigantic air-
ports, often Incredible traffic control- con-
cepts based on the handful of jet airliners,
and so on.
Despite the fact that the majority of the
costliest FAA expenditures are intended pri-
marily to serve this distorted concept, general
aviation is nevertheless made an unwilling
party to all this. Ultimately, it will be ex-
pected to foot a substantial share of the bill
if, as we pointed out in March, the Govern-
ment finally forces through a program of
user charges In an effort to offset these in-
credible costs.
AOPA members must be constantly aware
of one overriding fact: general aviation,
despite its size, is rarely consulted about
these expenditures. Rarely, if ever, are gen-
eral aviation's representatives asked about
general aviation's actual requirements-al-
though all such expenditures are predicated
on an arbitrary FAA statement to an unsus-
pecting Bureau of the Budget, and to con-
gressional appropriations committees them-
selves, that these expenditures do meet some
assumed general aviation requirements. In-
variably, they not only are not needed by
general aviation, but general aviation ac-
tually disagrees with the FAA, and would
oppose the expenditures if they were asked.
Examples: Dulles Airport (an estimated
$175 million), the still unused data process-
ing central computer ($8 million), and mis-
cellaneous millions here and there for such
things as a supersonic airliner, emergency
arresting gear for jet airliners, visual ap-
proach lights for jet airliners, and so on.
Virtually the entire traffic control system-
probably the most expensive single section of
FAA-la predicated on such distorted as-
sumptions. And whenever anyone, either
in the Bureau of the Budget or Congress.
questions such expenditures, the answer is
the same : "It's essential to safety."
Nowhere in recent Government history,
outside of perhaps the Department of De-
fense, has so much money been taken from
the taxpayers in the name of safety. Yet no
one, to our knowledge, has ever probed deep-
ly into the facts, and whether the facts
justify these colossal expenditures. In the
last 10 years, for example, 9,616 people were
killed in all segments of civil aviation-in-
eluding the Grand Canyon and Staten Island
collisions. In 1960 alone, twice as many
people were killed by falls, 1,700 choked to
death on food; 854 died due to medical-
surgical mishaps. There were 38,200 people
killed and 1,400,000 disabled by motor ve-
hicles In 1981-about lour times as many
dead as all the people killed In all civil avia-
tion In those 10 years-yet Congress hasn't
seen lit to create a Government agency to
cope with this slaughter. If the FAA can be
justified largely on the basis ofan average of
961.6 deaths per year, then certainly the US.
Government should long ago have reacted
violently to just theauto which, In the same
10-year period, killed 379,362 humans.
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1963
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
2741
belief in its usefulness as an instrument of
national power. But the vital questions
are: What is being planned for the future?
Are the new ships and new fleets being
created that will maintain U.S. supremacy
at sea everywhere on this globe?
The United States is a maritime power
and part of an oceanic alliance. It cannot
afford to settle for naval parity with the
Communist world, but must possess clear
naval supremacy. That means in the In-
dian Ocean as much as in the forth At-
lantic.
In searching out Mr. McNamara's inten-
tions with regard to seapower, one must
look at nuclear propulsion in the Navy's
ships. Despite America's lead in developing
such propulsion, not .a single new surface
ship in the new defense budget is slated to
be nuclear-powered. Can anyone believe
that the Russians will fail to take advan-
tage of Mr. ldc'Namara's reluctance to let
the Navy forge ahead into the era of nu-
clear-powered ships?
A book could be written on what is not
being done to advance U.S. seapower. The
lack of a big drive for improved antisubma-
rine warfare is a scandal. No new super-
carrier will be built this year, despite proved
need for such ships in remote areas of the
globe. Nor is money that is not being
spent on a carrier devoted to amphibious
ships. The new construction budget is $600
million under last year's.
One can only conclude that, as in the
area of nuclear weaponry, Mr. McNamara is
infaturated with the idea of a stalemate.
But a stalemate at sea would' be a disaster
for the United States. Without ships to
project American power overseas, this coun-
try soon would be an island encircled by
advancing foes.
[From Human Events, Feb. 23, 19631
DEFENSE DEPARTMENT'S "INTELLECTUALS"-
McNAMARA'S POLICIES JEOPARDIZE NATIONAL
SECURITY ...
(Reprinted by courtesy of Barron's National
Business and Financial Weekly)
Nonetheless, as outlined by the Secretary
to the House Armed Service Committee (re-
cently), that posture, on military and diplo-
matic grounds alike, falls far short of ideal.
For one thing, it rests on a persistent bias
toward conventional weaponry; the most sig-
nificant contribution to the Nation's arms
this year appears to be an experimental air
assault division, a mobile striking force,
mounted on helicopters, which the Army
itself likens to cavalry.
Disturbing to many in the Pentagon and
Congress, the unilateral shift in strategy
seems even more ominous abroad, where it is
widely regarded as a retreat from previous
U.S. commitments to the defense of Europe.
Unrearonable or not, such fears are bound
to multiply at the sight of U.S. diplomats,
without public demur from Mr. McNamara,
playing fast and loose with the principle of
adequate safeguards in a frantic effort to
reach agreement with the Soviets on a nu-
clear test ban.
War, said Clemenceau, is too important to
be left to the generals. In an atomic age,
the national security is far to precarious to
be placed so completely in the hands of
civilians who like to be known as defense
intellectuals.
Aphorisms aside, few would care to deny
that the Nation, in military matters, fared
better with a general in the White House.
President Eisenhower, upon taking office,
inherited a Navy just emerging from World
War II mothballs and an Air Force largely
comprising piston-engine fighter planes, ob-
solete B-29's and the useless B-36. Eight
years later he left his successor a jet-powered
air arm, a growing arsenal of intermediate
and long-range missiles and the first of a
fleet of nuclear-powered, Polaris-firing sub-
marines, an invaluable weapons system
which the supposedly indolent Eisenhower
administration succeeded , in putting into
peryicc 3 years ahead of time. As a Presi-
delltial candidate, John F. Kennedy talked
endlessly of a missile gap, which, one safely
elected, he made haste to disavow. "A myth
of national weakness has been destroyed,"
Of all the members of the White House Secretary McNamara is quoted in the Sateve-
Official family, perhaps none has enjoyed so post as saying blandly. A colleague was
favorable a press as Secretary of Defense blunter. As one defense intellectual put it,
Robert S. McNamara A hard-driving execu- 'What we are living with now is what we
tive of the Ford Motor Co, ,he won wide- `inherited from Ike."'
spread kudos 2 years ago, when,.'at heavy f1- INADEQUATE WEAPONS OP WAR
nancial sacrifice, , he cheerfully swapped Unfortunately, however, McNamara and
tailfins and chrome for the frentagon's brass. company is living off its capital. For with
His. businesslike, approach to procurement the myth of the missile gap exploded, the
rallied feathers' among', the military, but Defense Department has concentrated on
struck the civilian observer as worthy of building up so-called conventional forces.
applause. Toward this objective the Army has ex-
Last December 'Secretary McNamara paneled from 11 combat-ready divisions to
gained what is probably the most Impressive 16. The Pentagon, as noted, has devised an
honor, which the -fourth estate. these days air assault division, a tactical throwback of
cart bestow: an article _by Stewart Alsop in doubtful value (in South Vietnam heli-
the Saturday Evening Post. Wrote Mr. copters have become sitting ducks).
Alsop in a rare burst of admiration: "There's Most startling of all, an appraisal of the
not much doubt he has the highest IQ of defense budget reveals, Secretary McNamara
this century's public officials." is making a massive investment in the fu-
Oni Mr. McNamara's,.menta1 in tune of conventional weaponry. In the last
prowess-
Detroit he and his executive team were .Eisenhower budget, outlays for military re-
w :defy known as the whiz krds-$arron's search, development, testing and evaluation
cheerfully accepts the prevailing view. ran to $6.4 billion, of which $3.2 billion, or
However, we also confess to a mounting dis- half, was devoted to missiles: By contrast,
quiet lately as to whether what was good out of aggregate research, outlays of $7.4 bil-
' for Ford Motor is,good for the country, and lion scheduled for fiscal 1964, only $2.2 bil-
vice versa, lion, or 30 percent of the total, will go for
The doubts surround both the Secretary's missile research.
tactics and his grand strategy. On the first The main thrust of U.S. military science,
count, the muzzling of professional soldiers, in short, has shifted to less sophisticated,
a dubious maneuver at best, apparently has less powerful-and in the final analysis,
been carried to dangerous extremes. Wash- many would argue-inadequate implements
ington correspondents last week could find of war.
nobody in the Air Force, despite its well- According to apologists, the McNamara
known opposition to official moves, who doctrines aim at providing the United States
dared, on or off the record, to criticize the with alternatives to nuclear war, or options.
current U.S. posture of defense. To date, however, the options have all been
No. 26-22
picked up by the enemy. Emboldened by
the fiasco at the Bay of Pigs in April 1961-
which, in any version, shows the defense in-
tellectuals in a dismal light-the Kremlin
that summer precipitated the Berlin crisis.
WEAKENED DETERRENT TO COMMUNISM
Last fall, by treachery and deceit, Moscow
nearly succeeded in turning Cuba into a
missile base, a move which would have out-
flanked the United States-Canadian distant
early warning system. Even now, after its
presumed retreat, an estimated 20,000 Rus-
sians occupy the island.
Mr. McNamara, to be sure, is not wholly
responsible for the vacillation and timidity
of the State Department or the White House.
However, he cannot avoid the blame for pol-
icies which, by downgrading nuclear power,
have weakened the sole effective deterrent to
Communist aggression.
The same policies have also strained the
fabric of the North Atlantic Treaty Organi-
zation. Whatever the merits of the com-
mand decision to scrap Skybolt-a judgment
which ran counter to the preponderant view
of the Joint Chiefs of Staff-it was reached
without so much as a by-your-leave to Lon-
don. Hasty substitution of the Polaris one
day may fill the military breach; it cannot
repair the political damage inflicted upon a
stanch ally. The growing stress on conven-
tional warfare has had far more de-
structive effects. For it has convinced
some highly placed foreign officials-notably
Gen. Charles de Gaulle-that they can no
longer depend upon this country to take up
the shield (a holding force of NATO troops)
and the sword (massive U.S. nuclear retali-
ation).
The. foreigners may be wrong. Nonethe-
less, the fact remains that with no encour-
agement whatever-"the allies have turned a
deaf ear," he once complained-Secretary
McNamara has been steadily chipping away
at a jointly agreed-upon strategy for the de-
fense of Europe.
Skybolt and the rest may be nothing worse
than bad judgment. However, in failing to
protest the incredible on-again, off-again
suspension of nuclear testing, as well as the
test ban talks themselves, the Department of
Defense has come perilously close to derelic-
tion of duty. On this score, Dr. Edward
Teller, father of the hydrogen bomb, had
some chilling things to say last week. A test
ban treaty with the Soviet Union, he warned,
"would prevent vital improvements of our
atomic explosives," as well as foreclose the
development of antimissile systems like the
Nike-Zeus and' Nike-X. It would not keep
the Russians from cheating. Such a treaty,
in sum, "would endanger our security and
help the Soviet Union in its plan to conquer
the world."
These are grave words; a man like Dr.
Teller does not use them lightly. Secretary
McNamara, the Congress and the American
people had better pay heed.
ST. AUGUSTINE QUADRICENTEN-
NIAL COMMISSION-APPOINT-
MENTS BY THE VICE PRESIDENT
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Mc
GovERN in the chair). The Chair an-
nounces, on behalf of the Vice President,
the appointment of Senators HOLLAND
and SMATHERS to be members on the part
of the Senate of the St. Augustine Quad-
ricentennial Commission, pursuant to 76
Stat. 386, Public Law 87-586, approved
August 14, 1962.
Mr. HOLLAND subsequently said: Mr.
President, the Chair has announced, on
behalf of the Vice President, the appoint-
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 12702
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE February 21
Whose are fine words. But they re-
quire action.-
Vow, before I go any further, and be-
fore someone may cry partisan politics,
of worse, T would like to read a state-
ment'made by President Kennedy when,
as a candidate, he spoke in Grand
Rapids, Mich., on October 14, 1960. Re
said:
Let me make It clear that I regard biparti-
sanship not as a means of stiffing debate,
not as a means of preventing discussion of
the problems that face us. but I regard bi-
partisanship as putting the interest of our
country first. And I can assure you that in
this campaign when we discuss the foreign
and domestic opportunities and responsibili-
ties which are facing our country, we do so
from the beat interest not of our party but
of our country, which is the obligation of all
of us.
On -another occasion, the President
has been quoted as saying:
Bipartisanship does not mean-and was
never meant to mean-rubberetamping of
every executive blunder without debate.
Although I may be critical as I pur-
sue this subject, I wish to make it clear
that I firmly intend to keep within the
bounds set by President Kennedy him-
self. They will be my guidelines, rather
that the emotional outbursts of those
who demand silence on the part of my-
self. and many others-not all of us Re-
publicans-on matters crucial to our
Nation's very survival.
I do not equate effective opposition
with silence, nor do I equate good citi-
zenship with silence in a time of danger.
Indeed, how can some administration
spokesmen demand silence, when state-
ments by other, and supposedly respon-
sible, administration spokesmen are, at
a minimum, contradictory and confus-
ing?
On the subject of Cuba as a basis for
the subversion of Latin America, for ex-
ample, during Secretary McNamara's 2-
hour television program, the announced
purpose of which was to clarify the
Cuban situation to the American people,
the Secretary was asked to comment on
the possibility of Cuba's being used as a
training base for subversion in other
Latin American countries. His reply
was:
I have no evidence that Cuba is being used
as a base for subversion directed against
other Latin American countries.
He continued to say that the Govern-
ment was carefully watching develop-
ments along this line.
I should like to compare that state-
ment with the statement made by Under
Secretary of State George W. Ball on
October 19, 1962. Mr. Ball said, with
regard to Cuba as a base for subversion:
It has value to the Communist bloc pri-
marily as a base for the subversive activities
of International communism in the Western
Hemisphere. The policy of the U.S. Govern-
ment is directed toward nullifying Cuba's
usefulness as a source of infection for inter-
national communism.
1 believe that Assistant Secretary of
State Martin also made the point that
Cuba is, in fact, a base for subversion of
the Western Hemisphere. The Presi-
dent himself called this to the attention
of the people in his February 14 press
conference, In which he pointed out the
significance of a recent confidential OAS
report which I shall discuss later. At
that time the President said:
I think the part of the report which is
most significant Is the emphasis they put on
subversion in the continent, the movement
of men and money against the constituted
governments. This is a matter which the
U.S. Government is giving its greatest atten-
tion to this winter, the question of lessening
not only subversion that may come from
Cuba but from other parts of the hemi-
sphere.
It seems to me that these three state-
ments deal with Cuba as a base for sub-
version in three different ways. The first
denies categorically that evidence of sub-
version exists; the second no longer takes
such a definite stand, but talks about
"nullifying Cuba's usefulness as a source
of infection"; the third, if I interpret it
correctly, talks about "lessening" subver-
sion from Cuba, which implies that there -
exists subversion which must be cut down
or eradicated.
So long as highly placed and respon-
sible officials continue to contradict one
another, the Republican Party-the
"loyal opposition"-is totally within the
boundaries of fairness when levying re-
sponsible criticism, for subversion is most
certainly spreading from Cuba.
I have in my hand some pages from a
special OAS report. Let me read a few
paragraphs. The report is expected to
be published probably on Washington's
Birthday, when most Members of Con-
gress will be out of town. The report
contains some very interesting material.
With respect to the establishment in
Cuba of training centers for subversion,
the report states:
1. TBAININO CENTERS
There can be no doubt that the creation
and maintenance of a Communist govern-
ment in Cuba facilitates to an extraordinary
degree the subversive action of International
communism In America. This Is true not
only with respect to the spread of the Com-
munist Ideology, but also-what is more dan-
gerous-because it constitutes a center quite
nearby for training agents of every kind
whose function It is to develop subversion in
the countries of the hemisphere.
It is an obvious fact that as the Commu-
nist regime became consolidated in Cuba,
a series of schools and centers of training in
the techniques of Communist subversion
were organized, in which instruction 1s being
given not-only to Cubans but to many other
Latin Americans for carrying on subversive
activities in various countries of the hemi-
sphere.
Among the many training centers that now
function in Cuba, mention may be made of
the following:
Else Roca School, in Los Pinos, Havana
Province.
Marcelo Salado School, in the Luyanb sec-
tion of Havana.
El Cortijo School, in Pinar del Rio Prov-
ince, especially for military personnel.
La Cabala Fort, in Havana, especially for
young people.
Mines Rio Frio School, for training guer-
rillas.
San Lorenzo School, In the Sierra Maestre,
Oriente Province, for training guerrillas.
Ciudad Libertad School, in Marianao,
Havana Province, under Russian Instructors.
Boca Chlca School, in Tarart, Havana
Province, Director General Alberto Bayo.
Julio Antonio Meila School, in Mar Bella,
Havana Province, for training and instruc-
went of the two Senators from Florida
to be mem~ibe s of the St; A'u ustlhe
Quadricentennial ' Commission. X I 'wish
to, expfess to The P'res`iding OiBcer and
the Vice re4dent the appredatlori of
both 't>ie nators roln or'ida. e
Quadraceiiteiuiial ce1e iration; which will
take place in fii45, lies iniporfant l
ni$cance not only to our State, but to
the Nation, as well.
In the first place, St. Augustine is the
{ first spot In the continental United States
which was permanently settled by people
of European origin, and of course it will
have importance from that standpoint.
Next, we think that In these days when
our relationships with Latin America are
of such vast importance, and when all
of us know that several of the Latin
American nations have antecedents or
connections with their mother country,
Spain, that even predate the settlement
at St. Augustine, this will be a very ap-
propriate time to celebrate the connec-
tion between our Nation and Latin Amer-
lea and Spain.
Third, I wish to say that we are happy
to announce that the Government of
Spain and also the Roman Catholic
Church, both of which participated in
the original settlement of St. Augustine,
have already signified their intention to
participate actively and on a sizable scale
in this quadricentennial celebration.
So, Mr. President, speaking for both
j Senators from Florida, let me say that
we shall be glad to have even a small
part In this matter; and I am glad the
Government of-the United states has
decided to participate in the celebration,
1 which has great significance to our na-
tional life and to our hemispheric rela-
$ETANCOIIRT VISIT-APPROPRIATE
MOMENT FOR ACTION
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, during
the past 2 days we have been honored
with the visit of a distinguished states-
man and neighbor, President Romulo
t Betancourt, of Venezuela. He comes at
a time when his country is undergoing
a brutal Communist campaign of terror
j and subversion. Venezuela, with her
rich resources and strategic location, is
now, in the words of President Kennedy,
"communism's No. 1 target" in our hem-
isphere. And there Is general agreement
that Cuba is the base from which these
subversive activities are being conducted.
It therefore seems to me that this would
be a particularly appropriate time for
the United States to act affirmatively, to
stop drifting, to move to stop commu-
nism In this hemisphere. Press reports
indicate that this is precisely what Presi-
dent Betaneourt-and many of our
other neighbors to the south-are pray-
ing that we will do.
In their Joint communique, issued yes-
terday, President Kennedy and Presi-
dent Betancourt declared that they had
considered the "gravity of the situation
created by establishment in Cuba of an
alien, antidemocratic stronghold from
which emanate threats to the independ-
ence and sovereignty of each of the free
American Republics."
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
ting leaders of the Confederacidn de Traba-
jadores de Cuba Revolucionaria (CTCR),
[Federation of Workers of Revolutionary
Cuba].
A large number of Latin Americans attend
these training centers, where they receive in-
struction not only in Marxist-Leninist
theory, but also in propaganda techniques,
the use of arms and explosives, sabotage,
guerrilla warfare, and so on.
It should be pointed out that the corps
of instructors in these schools is made up
not only of Cubans or other Latin Americans,
but also of instructors from other Communist
countries; these- speak Spanish.
a s * ? <
It is clear that Cuba is being used as a
base for training in communism and its
spread` in America,
That activity of international communism,
and particularly on the part of the Cuban
Government, is greatly facilitated by the
lack of suitable measures, and of cooperation
among the American countries, to check the
constant and heavy stream of travelers to
and from Cuba. The importance of this
problem makes it necessary to devote a spe-
cial section to it.
Mr. President, that gives an idea of
how the Communist regime is of primary
importance to this program.
There are certain constructive alter-
natives to the courses which are being
taken. I propose 'particularly that we
implement the resolution of the Orga-
nization of American States dated Oc-
tober 23, 1062, which was formally
authorized by the Council, by a vote of
-19 to 1, "with one abstention-which I
think was Uruguay, although Uruguay
later joined in the resolution-to carry
out the quarantine of Cuba.
The Council, before taking this action,
granted itself emergency powers as a
ministerial-level organ of consultation.
This was required under article 6 of the
,Rio Treaty of 1947. Inasmuch as this
article of 'the treaty is particularly ap-
plicable in the present case, I shall quote
it In full:
If the inviolability or the integrity of the
territory or the sovereignty or political in-
dependence or any American State should
be affected by an aggression which is not an
armed, attack or by an extra-continental or
intercontinental conflict, or by any other
fact or situation that might endanger the
peace, ff Ainerfoa, the-organ of consultation
shall meet immediately in order to agree on
the measures, Which must be taken in case
of aggression to assist the victim of the
aggression or in any case, the measures
which should be taken for the common de-
fense and for the maintenance of the peace
and security of"the continent.-
Also, on October' 23 , 1962, the OAS
Council voted' to can for immediate dis-
Solution and - removal of all weapons
with any o'ensive - strength; recom-
mend' that . t1ie member states take all
measures, includfng the use of force,
needed to insure that the Government of
Cuba cannot' continue to obtain from
the Soviet powers military materials and
rejated supplies which may threaten the
hemisphere.
Therefore, I propose that one clear and
justiifiedalternative to our present Cuban
policy would be the full implementation
of the OAS October resolution. Presi-
dent Betancourt has indicated that Ven-
ezuela needs help against the exportation
of Cuban Cbminunlsm. Such help, in
the form of action under the OAS reso-
lution, would be clearly within the scope
of the Rio Treaty of 1947, as well.
We could also demand that Chairman
Khrushchev carry out his pledge to re-
move Soviet troops in due course. Some
words uttered by a certain gentleman,
who recently utilized the press to attack
me and a number of my fellow Repub-
licans for our views on the administra-
tion's foreign policy, are quite pertinent
today. These words were uttered on
August 6, 1958. He said:
. Time and again we have drifted until cir-
cumstances reached an intolerable state, and
then we have rushed to the brink.
That sentence quite precisely describes
events in Cuba prior and up to last Oc-
tober. We now seem to be right back On
the same path.
The gentleman also observed, in the
same statement, that the Eisenhower for-
eign policy was "inadequate, outmoded,
and misdirected."
I am sure, of course, that there was
no divisive partisan intent.
In another statement, during that same
period, the gentleman who is now so con-
cerned with "divisive partisanship and
irresponsible attacks" said, with refer-
ence to problems then facing the Eisen-
hower administration:
They are not going to be met unless this
administration turns off the television, comes
in from the playground, and gets down to the
hard work of running this Government and
constructing a more substantial peace, and
sheds the sodden, dangerous apathy in which
it now wallows.
That brings to mind the charge made
last week by the same gentleman that
we Republicans have been engaging in
"harsh accusations that compensate with
intemperance for what they lack in sub-
stance."
But again referring back to his state-
ments in 1958, he was, I think, prophetic
when he observed:
We have become singularly unappreciative
of the feelings and fears of others, friends
and nonfriends alike.
That certainly describes the situation
with many of our friends today. Our
relations with allies, old and new, have
deteriorated to a nunprecedented degree.
If there is to be any improvement, if we
are to fend off the disaster which seems
to be facing us from many directions-
not only from Cuba-then there must, I
believe, be relevant discussion and rele-
yant criticism.
The times may not require a great
debate, but they certainly require some
debate-although, as I have said, within
the bounds laid down by the President
himself.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I sug-
gest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr. Mc-
GOVERN in the chair). The clerk will call
the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the order for the
quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
2703
THE SENATE ESTABLISHMENT
Mr. CLARK. Mr. President, I turn
to the concluding portion of my remarks
on the Senate establishment.
It will be recalled that yesterday I
placed in the RECORD-at page 2530-a
table outlining the names of certain
Senators who had requested various
committee assignments as their first,
second, or third choice, and compared
the committee assignments they actually
received-if any-with their position for
or against a change in rule XXII, to en-
able the Senate to terminate unlimited
debate by a smaller number of votes than
those presently required under that rule.
The factual conclusion which this table
demonstrates is that eight nonfreshmen
Senators-Senators BARTLETT, BYRD of
West Virginia, CANNON, HAYDEN, JORDAN
of North Carolina, McGEE, SMATHERS,
and THURMOND=who opposed a change
in rule XXII, submitted eligible bids for
new committee assignments, and seven of
those eight received the new committee
assignments they had requested. Six re-
ceived committee assignments which rep-
resented their first choice. Only the
Senator from South Carolina [Mr. Tnua-
MoND] was disappointed.
On the other hand, 14 nonfreshmen
Senators who favored a change in rule
XXII, and therefore favored cloture, ap-
plied for new committee assignments.
Only five of them received them. Those
Senators were Senators MANSFIELD, HART,
PELL, YOUNG of Ohio, and myself. The
Senator from Montana [Mr. MANSFIELDT,
the majority leader, received his first
choice. The Senator from Michigan
[Mr. HART] received his third choice.
The Senator from Rhode Island [Mr.
PELL] received a committee assignment
which he did not request and did not
want. The Senator from Ohio [Mr.
YOUNG] receivec_ his second choice. I
received my second choice.
I drew no conclusion from that state-
ment. However, I think it raises some
interesting speculations.
I should like now to continue my theme
that the South is overrepresented in the
committee structure of the Senate in
terms _of geography and also In terms of
the ideological convictions of Members
on the Democratic side of the Senate.
The overrepresentation has resulted
from the strict carrying out of that rule
of seniority which the steering commit-
tee so frequently violated-on nine com-
mittees to be exact-in the course of
making committee assignments for the
present session of Congress.
I ask unanimous consent that a brief
statement showing the overrepresenta-
tion may be printed in the RECORD at this
point as a part of my remarks.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
SOUTFIERN CONTROL OF KxY SENATE
COMMITTEES
There are 23 Democratic senators from
the South, including the 11 States of the
Confederacy and Oklahoma and Arkansas.
The southern Senators make up 34 percent
of the 67-man Democratic block in the Sen-
ate at present. The 23 Senators from. the
South have far more than 34 percent of the
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 2704
seats on. the 4 most important standing than their share of the seats
oommittees.of the Senate, however, and more crpUo,leadership cotntnlttee,
Committee
Southern MIS
EAUUDd
~[Or~
t of 18______--
--------
a
--
- - - - -
----------------------
ORE
3 (42 -
percent out of l2----------------'
a (56 perar~t out of It-_...
--?------
4
4
1
2
________________
-------?-----------
--
6 (42 percent) out or 12-__------_-_
a 83 percent) out of 9----^------
4
a
t
_______
?------- --
-
-
7 t47 percent) out of 15......
o
2
Mr. CLARK. It will be noted that 50
percent of the members of the Demo-
Cratie representation on the Appropria-
tions Committee are southern Senators;
42 percent are on the Committee on
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD February 21
fisted ror a number of years, but it will
exist to an even greater extent from now
on, If and when the "grandfather"
clause becomes a part of the rules of the
Senate.
Fifteen of these 21 Senators are Demo-
crats, and 8 are Republicans Scatte
d
re
. under the Joint leadership of the ma- like stars on the list are the names of
Jority and minority leaders. many Members of the Senate establish-
Some of us are old enough to remem- ment. However, the list does contain
ber the derivation of the "grandfather" the names of Senators who I think
clause. It was utilized by my southern would deny, and correctly deny, that they
1on'the Committee on Foreign Relations; Daniel ~Dudle y , Ave great gMy grand- many ?fdlthem, atcnaugh there are not ry, 47 percent are on the steering committee, father, Dudley Avery, were and both rand -
I make the comment, not in criticism ers of the Confederacy. acy.They and their consent to have the list pP~tteed in the
of any southern Senator, for surely they Reconstruction day cornpanions utilized Point-
axe entitled to press their own claims the ng out, the but I very successful u refrain from poi-
foT membership on grandfather clause to prevent the Ing out thvery sefforts of sev-
important com- Negro from voting. _I suggest that the eral Senators to advance the Interests of
mittees. I make the comment only to grandfather clause is being utilized to- their home States by getting on as many
jahow the extent to which the Senate day in the Senate for a not entirely dis- committees as possible.
establishment, led by Senators from the similar purpose. But it is a rather ob- The Senator from Nebraska [Mr.
outh, but very ably abetted by northern scure purpose and requires some clan- CuRTisl, for example, serves on the
[Senators of the Republican Party, led fication. The grandfather clause as It Aeronautical and Space Sciences Com-
by the intrepid minority leader, has a appears in Senate Resol
ti
en
u
on
eglslative committees-Appropriations. Provided, however, That those Senators Government iOperations Committee, a
%xmed Services, Finance, and Foreign who, as of January 9, 1968 sere ,._, ._~ _
acwuuticaa and Space on Atomic Energy,whichmoerat1C steering committee. It is my sciences and the Committee on Govern- in tee ,.
rogrant of the president and do justice Which I into committees of all; and, in addition, oe
the fair claims of Senators from otherolato are the two minor the Rules and Administration Committee
e
ren
~liattees- become a minor committee if and when
ideology, the stranglehold of the
bipar-
shall be entitled to serve on three of the the proposed change In the rules is
lean Senate establishment must even- foregoing standi?a
ding
i
""`a
ttees -~~
I turn now to the proposed change in referred to are the'-m No other Senator
le ajor committees. tive committees. serves on five legisla-
S$V, which is set forth in Senate It includes all of the legislative co
it
mm
y and the minority leaders. That pro- tee on the District of Columbia. the Com- from Georgia [Mr, RUSSELLI, runs him a
d - - - on the oti
l
an
ca
Adinin- -_ u and Space
ould make,the Committee on_ Govern- istration. Note that it also excepts the Sciences Committee, the Armed Services
.ent Operations a major committee and Joint Atomic Energy Committee .. 1
.- Committee. the Appropriatio
_
ns
ommittee on Aeronautical and Space
o so has entrenched Members of the
legislative committee. So, of-course, i
9e no objection whatever to that
ange.
The change would also make the Com-
ttee on Rules slid Administration e
rnmittee. I have no quarrel with that.
quite obscure to me, Is excluded from
consideration with the other legislative
committees. It is said that that is be-
cause it is a Joint committee with the
House, But I suggest that that is a dis-
tinction without a difference. The Joint
Committee on Atomic Energy is one of
the most Important legislative commit-
tees in the Senate. It was created by
Public Law 703 of the 83d Congress,
which provides:
All bills, resolutions and other matters in
the Senate or the House relating primarily
to the Commission on Atomic Energy, or to
the development, use, or control of atomic
energy, shall be referred to the Joint com-
mittee, whose members shall report from
time to time, if they are Senate Members to
the Senate, if they are House members to
the House, by bill.
mince, and the Joint Committee on
Atomic Energy; and he also serves on
the Democratic steering committee and
the Democratic policy committee. He
is the only member of the Democratic
Party except the elected leadership who
serves on both the policy committee and
the steering committee.
The Senator from Iowa [Mr. HICKEN-
LOOPERI is up in front with the Senator
from Georgia [Mr. RUSSELL]. I COm-
mend him for his ability to serve the
interests of his State by becoming a
member-and, indeed, In at least one
instance the ranking minority member-
of very important Senate committees.
He serves on the Aeronautical and Space
Sciences Committee, the Agriculture and
Forestry Committee, the Foreign Rela-
tions Committee, and the Joint Com-
mitt
ee on Atomic Energy.
Buch bills are placed on the calendar
FATFiEa cLAIISE tx aratATi RESOLUTION 99 and are treated like
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
IAR
any other bills
itt I should lik
nt M the Wt the
e to point out what So it seems to me that there is no ade- tees
nawhich theseshowing
Le
Senators changes do In terms of creating quate reason why the Joint At, si
serve
c
ch has been interjected into the rule 11e grandfather" clause reveals pub- ordered to be printed in VthetREcoan, as
fitly a condition which has existed pri- follows:
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of the Demo- vately for some time, and that is that
there Is a class of 21 preferred Senators
who are permitted to hold positions on
 J963.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2615
of technology in those sectors of the
civilian economy which, despite high po-
tential returns to the Nation, have not
been able, or have not been motivated,
to seize the opportunity without
assistance.
THE FOUR-POINT PROPOSAL
The report further states:
With the exception of a few manufactur-
ing firms, most enterprises neither under-
take much research and development nor
have trained technical manpower to take ad-
vantage of the research and development
done by others.
was that it was an emergency procedure
brought about by the publication of a
civilian report on construction industry
research needs.
I have since learned that the report
on which the Commerce Department
based its claim for funds was in fact a
quite preliminary one carried out by a
small committee of the Building Re-
search Advisory Board of the National
Academy of Sciences. This BRAB re-
port, as it is called, still has not been
distributed throughout the 100,000 firms
in the construction industry and there-
fore by no manner of means represents
the industry.
I submit that the irregular procedure
that was adopted had a much simpler
purpose: ' It prevented debate on the
merits of the proposal during the regular
appropriations process.
Even when the civil industrial tech-
nology program was revealed to our sub-
committee, it was only vaguely outlined.
Since that time I have closely scrutinized
descriptions of the program in the
budget appendix, in the Economic Re-
port of the President, and in numerous
statements made by Commerce Depart-
ment officials. I confess I have been
puzzled by the wide variation and differ-
ing interpretations to be found in these
different documents and statements, and
can only conclude that the continuing
vagueness of this program's outlines is
purposeful.
THE COMMERCE DEPARTMENT'S JUSTIFICATIONS
Unable to satisfy myself and my con-
stituents with the bits and pieces of in-
formation and interpretation that I was
able to collect in that way, I have since
discussed this matter at length with a
number of construction industry leaders
and also conducted my own investiga-
tion.
In the informational vacuum that
seems to have been deliberately created,
I think that members of the House may
be interested in the sharp contrast be-
tween what the Commerce Department
says about this program and what I have
been able to find out.
First, the Department of Commerce
proposes to inaugurate 'a program of
governmentally sponsored research di-
rected toward encouraging more deliber-
ate, imaginative, and extensive use. of
technology not only in the construction
industry but in other industries as well.
At present, the other two industries for
which funds are sought are textiles and
machine tools. . By prescribing this eco-
nomic pep pill for these three patients,
the Commerce Department maintains,
labor productivity will be increased and
U.S. products will become more competi-
tive in foreign trade-especially with the
Common Market.
To institute the 'program, a total
amount of $7.4 million is now requested
for the fiscal year beginning July 1 and
a supplemental request of $1,250,000 is
contemplated for expenditures during
the remainder of the present fiscal year.
The basis on which the Commerce De-
partment justifies the proposal is stated
in the current report of the Council of
Economic Advisers, which claims that
there is an urgent need to stimulate
more rapid development and fuller uses
It concludes:
Government has a responsibility for main-
taining a suitable environment for private
research activity and for supporting pro-
grams which are in the public interest but
which are not adequately stimulated by pri-
vate market opportunities alone.
The report claims that this responsi-
bility is made more crucial by the fact
that "defense and space efforts have ac-
counted for more than three-fourths" of
the increase in the total expenditure for
research and development in recent
years.
Shedding these same crocodile tears,
the Commerce Department developed a
four-part program which includes these
major activties:
First. Supporting the training of per-
sonnel at universities for industrial re-
search and development through re-
search grants; second, stimulation of re-
search in industry institutions, which
would include generating research bene-
ficial to an industry or an industry seg-
ment which would not be properly
undertaken for profitmaking reasons
alone and "providing additional research
services and facilities for those firms"-
I repeat, firms-"which do not have a
broad enough spectrum of products or
services to support an independent re-
search and development program of ef-
ficient size."
Those are just two of the four activi-
ties. The others include developing an
industry-university extension service
much like that of the Agriculture De-
partment's, and supporting technical in-
formation services to supply industry
with knowledge about technological
activities and developments.
Those are the broad outlines of the
program that will save the construction
industry from itself. But now let us
examine the program under higher mag-
nification and see what some of those
sonorous phrases really mean.
THE VAGUE DEFINITIONS
Basic to all this are some arbitrary
assumption and decisions. Who has
determined that the construction in-
dustry is lagging? What definition of
the word has been applied, and against
what had the construction industry been
compared? It is certainly true that the
technology of American industry has
not reached its ultimate development,
and I speak here of all American in-
dustry. But this does not mean that
Government aid is either necessary or
would prove effective in speeding an
advance.
Construction industry leaders with
whom I have spoken point out that the
industry is presently carrying on a sub-
stantial.amount of research and develop-
ment work and they insist that it is far
in excess of a Commerce Department
figure which seems to have no basis in
fact.
The definition of "lagging" is only the
first of the subjective definitions that
seem to appear everywhere in this pro-
gram's outlines.
Not only does someone high in the
Commerce Department's technological
ivory tower decide which industries to
tinker with, but he also would apply
other subjective definitions such as:
"stimulating," "segment of an industry,"
"broad enough spectrum of products,"
and "selective program."
Who decides, and on what basis,
where "stimulation" ends and discloca-
tion of competition and industrial pro-
grams begins?
What Solomon decides what an indus-
try segment is, and which segments as
well as firms are to be allowed to put
their hand in the public till?
What crystal ball is available to de-
termine whether this segment or that
firm has a broad enough spectrum of
products?
CHOOSING THE BENEFICIARIES
On the question of a "selective pro-
gram," who does the selecting, and on
what basis?
If you are interested in the answer to
that question, let me quote the Com-
merce Department itself :
The broad direction of the research pro-
gram, such as the selection of particular in-
dustries in need of technological stimulation,
and the criteria for eligibility of research in-
stitutions for contract awards, will be de-
termined in the Department of Commerce,
guided by advice from industry leaders,
educators, and others.
How much guidance do you think the
Assistant Secretary would seek from pri-
vate industry when, as we have seen, in-
dustry's opinion not only was not sought
in the program's creation, but was scru-
pulously avoided?
The mention of advice being sought
from educators is also of interest, since
the Commerce Department now proposes
to enter the educational field and further
compound the confusion in this area
already created by the overlappings of
the Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare and the Department of
Labor with its apprenticeship and other
vocational programs.
UPSETTING THE COMPETITIVE BALANCE
When all is said and done, the Assist-
ant Secretary and his staff would have
an extraordinary amount of power over
this country's largest domestic industry.
Having so far failed to avail themselves
of any of the practical knowledge that
this industry has gained in its hundreds
of years of activity, the authors of this
program would begin dispensing grants
and applying stimulation that could dis-
rupt a basic industry and dislocate all
its component architects, contractors,
builders, building supply manufacturers,
distributors, and workers. Not only
would such action upset the delicate
competitive balance of a highly competi-
tive industry, it might cause structural
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2616 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
unemployment in areas of the country
which are dependent upon competitive
parts of the industry.
Of paramount importance, they would
again and again have to determine with
unerring precision where basic research
in a given product ended and where ap-
plied research began. in the case of
collaborative research, it Is interesting
to speculate on how the Government
would avoid running afoul of its own
antitrust laws.
PENALIZING THE EF!'ICIENT
In my conversations with members of
the industry, a number of other interest-
ing points have been raised.
They point out that this program
would penalize the most efficient pro-
ducer by expending research funds, to
bring the laggards within a group closer
to the most advanced technological
practices of the leaders, and, stimulate
research and innovation in those indus-
trial groups that have been relatively
inactive or stagnant technologically.
In effect, these most efjf7cient producers
would be taxed to pay for'the technolog-
ical advancement of their most ineffi-
cient competitors. This comes about as
close to destruction of the free-enter-
prise concept as anything can.
'Z TOEEIGN ILARKET MISrexE
Another interesting point that thein-
dustry has raised is how Common Market
competitioncan be cited as a valid justi-
ecatlon for stimulating construction In-
dustry research. They point out that,
while textile products and machine tools
move in national and international
trade, the product of building construc-
tion is mostly nonmovable and remains
in its one location for its economic life-
time. Since structures and highways
do not ordinarily move, bricks are not
shipped overseas, and the construction
industry is overwhelmingly domestic in
nature, how can such a program help the
United States compete with the Common
Market? This is pure fancy.
i7118mvcrfoN OF PRIVATE RmLARCH
Industry also points out that this pro-
gram would enter into competition with
private industry research efforts, with
predictable results, Those now spending
their own funds for these activities
would discontinue their own efforts and
seek Government funds. This would dry
up moneys now being spent privately and
eventually the appropriation needed to
finance research,for the clamoring con-
struction industry would be enormous.
This, It is obvious, would cause even
greater difficulties in our efforts to bal-
ance the Federal budget, to say nothing
of stifling private initiative.
THE AGRICULTURAL IMITATION
I would also like to point out that ad-
vocacy of an industrial extension serv-
ice along the lines of the Department of
Agriculture's Extension Service would
leave a great deal to be desired. We
are now having proposed for industry
the same sort of stipulation that has
produced the sorry mess that we have in
agriculture, with a ,Continuing surplus
and subsidy and no solution In sight.
Interestingly, the President in 1961 pro-
posed compulsory action to solve agri-
culture's difficulties, but this year the
other cheek was turned and voluntary
controls were recommended. Carried to
its ultimate conclusion, we might at
some future date have an industrial soil
bank in which textile, machine tool, and
construction industry producers could be
paid by the Federal Government for not
making anything.
NEW SOURCES OF POLITICAL FAVORITISM
Finally, consider the strong political
implications in creating a whole new
source of patronage and favor itism to in-
fluence this vast industry. Even the
BRAB report which I mentioned earlier
recommended that any Federal research
be carefully controlled within the Bureau
of Standards because of the patronage
dangers that were clearly foreseen.
These are just some of the major flaws
in this visionary program.
It would transgress the traditional
boundaries of private enterprise and at-
tempt to bring this industry under cen-
tral economic planning.
It would in fact dislocate one of the
Nation's prime industries at a time when
we can Iii afford any industrial slump.
This in turn, would affect the economic
well-being of constituents in every con-
gressional district.
In my opinion, this is the most ill
conceived, amateurish, and dangerous
legislative proposal that I have seen in
many years.
FORTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY OF
THE INDEPENDENCE OF LITHU-
ANIA
(Mr. RIEHLMAN (at the request of
Mr. BRUCE) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD.)
Mr. RIEHLMAN. Mr. Speaker, the
45th anniversary of the independence of
Lithuania was observed on February 16.
It was a time of mixed feelings of pride
and sorrow.
I am pleased to join those who saluted
the Lithuanian people, for their courage
and yearning for freedom remain as
strong as ever.
My dedication to the cause of freedom
in Lithuania and all captive European
nations Is as firm as ever. I am honored
to be able to pay tribute to the examples
of courage and determination which the
Lithuanian people have set for the world-
At this time, though, I am also sad-
dened that these people are prisoners,
deprived of the most basic human free-
doms. In their homeland. It is sad to
know that there is still a substantial
portion of this earth in which mankind
is under the domination of a murder-
ous, godless, totalitarian dictatorship.
Our hearts go out to the Lithuanian
people the world over, In whom the flame
of liberty still burns brightly. I know
we all look forward to the day when op-
pressed peoples will be free.
j (Mr. SHORT (at the request of Mr.
Saud) was given permission to extend
is, remarks at this point In the RECORD.)
Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker-
February 21
The moving finger writes; and, having writ,
Moves on: nor all thy piety nor wit
Shall lure it back to cancel half a line,
Nor all thy tears wash out a word of it.
-From "The Rubalyat" of Omer Khayam.
Mr. Speaker, last week I promised a
kind of sequel to my "Selected Chronol-
ogies on Castro and Cuba" inserted in
the RECORD Appendix as parts 1 through
10, and covering events from March 10,
1952, through January 1, 1963. Today,
I would like to first quote an excerpt
from the President's press conference
of Thursday, February 7, 1963, when he
was asked the following question:
Question. Mr. President, what chances do
you think or do you believe there are of
eliminating communism in Cuba, within
your term?
The PRESIDENT. I couldn't make any pre-
diction about the elimination. I am quite
obviously hopeful It can be eliminated, but
we have to wait and see what happens.
There are a lot of unpleasant situations in
the world today. China is one. "It Is un-
fortunate that communism was permitted to
come into Cuba. It has been a problem in
the last 5 years." We don't know what is
going to happen internally. There is no,
obviously, easy solution as to how the Com-
munist movement will be removed * 0 F.
Mr Speaker, aside from the quoted
portion of this excerpt, I believe we all
can agree and sympathize with the Pres-
ident. This is indeed a knotty problem
with no easy solution. However, in re-
gard to the portion of his answer which
stated:
It is unfortunate that communism was
permitted to come into Cuba. It has been a
problem for the last 5 years.
I would like to offer proof that this
has been a real and continuing problem
since 1933, and possibly further back
than that.
In the course of my research into the
Cuban issue, I obtained a copy of an
article published in the National Repub-
lic In November 1933, and written by
Walter L. Reynolds. The National Re-
public magazine was originally a Na-
tional Republican Club publication,
started by Walter Steele and a Mr. Lock-
wood, both of whom are now dead.
These men later published the magazine
as an independent publication since
some Republicans felt it should not be
published under sponsorship of the Re-
publican Party. This magazine appears
to have been published last in March of
1960. The theme of this magazine was
exposing communism in the United
States and 90 percent of the publication
was devoted to this effort. Walter L.
Reynolds was the former chief clerk of a
congressional committee created in 1929,
the 70th Congress, and called Committee
To Investigate Communist Activities in
the United States. Mr. Reynolds later
headed an American alliance of 219 or-
ganizations opposed to the recognition of
Russia.
The article is entitled "Moscow's Hand
in Cuba," and a subheading under the
title states, "Concerted Action on Part
of Moscow-Directed Agents of Revolu-
tion To Overthrow Regime After Regime
Is Keeping Little American Republic in
Turmoil and Strife as Moscow Drive to
Set Up a Little Soviet of the West Con-
tinues."
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
finis article impressed me a great deal the Cuban people, will be nothing more than
because it was. a prophetic outline of that.
Codling events which, truly "cast their There is, however, no evidence of any
Shadows b1pxe. noj 5 years ago-nor organized combat force in Cuba from any
during the Eisenhower administration Soviet bloc country. Nor is there evidence
of any significant offensive capability, in-
which so many Seem to be fond of re- eluding offensive ground-to-ground missiles,
minding us-but in 1933-during the either in Cuban hands or under Soviet di-
early years of the Roosevelt administra- rection and guidance.
tion. The recent Soviet aid to Cuba indicates a
k'urther, the article did not deal in significant increase in Soviet involvement
just the bare bones of the Soviet efforts in Cuba. The Cuban regime 1s in trouble
to establish. it Coii}ITllulist, dictatorship and it is not surprising that it has com-
ovei the world, but went into the details witted itself further the Sino-Soviet bloc
in the hope of of preventing its own collapse.
of how ibis-was, to be accomplished-by The regime has been increasingly isolated
means of labor problems-trade rela- from the hemisphere, its economy is Crum-
tionships-plans to utilize Cuba as the bling, and it has discarded its pledges for
fulcrum from which. the Communist economic and political freedom.
ideology was to be catapulted in various ACTION AGAINST COMMUNIST SUBVERSION IN
use Germany as the fulcrum. American Republics, held at Punta del Este,
In the period of history around 1933 a Uruguay, in January 1962, recogni eed that
the Communist offensive in the Americas
group of 219 national organizations, in- poses a danger to the democratic institutions
eluding the Am erican Legion, sparked by of_ the hemisphere. The meeting took
the efforts of its National Commander several steps to deal with this danger, in-
Hayes, William Green, of the American eluding the exclusion of the present Gov-
.Federation,of Irbor,Mathew Wall-who erhment of Cuba from participation in the
held 'a series of 5' to,6 weeks' brcladcasts inter-America system. Another of its de-
over anational hookup-William Tyler cisions called upon the Council of the Or-
Page, then Clerk of the House of Repre- vigilance tion of American States to maintain
vigilance regarding acts of aggression, sub-
sentatives, and Mark Hershey, a hero of version, or other dangers to the peace and
World War I-joined in a nationwide security resulting from the intervention of
nonpartisan effort, as = American al- Sino-5oviet powers in the hemisphere. In
liance to oppose recognition of Soviet addition the foreign ministers provided for
Russia. To quote a prophetic sentence the establishment of the Special Consulta
from the article: tive Committee on Security to assist gov-
The recognition of Soviet Russia will fur- eriiments in security matters. The Com-
nish a new impetus to communism, not only May y 1 1. M. presented its initial general report d
In Cuba but throughout the world, The embargo imposed d by by the United
? States on Cuban imports pursuant to the
The article also prophetically states: decisions of the foreign ministers has re-
Sovietizing Cuba would permit the es tab- sulted in a loss of income to Cuba and hence
lishment of a perfect base on the Western in Cuba's capacity to engage in subversive
Hemisphere for the dissemination of their activities in the hemisphere.
revolutionary propaganda In the United Less than 1 month later-October 21,
States, Panama, and all Latin America, 1962-we all know the President an-
should the United States not, extend recog- nounced the setting up of our quarantine
ninon tq Soviet Russia. against shipments of arms and military
What were the, ruors about, the State equipment to Cuba.
Department at that- time-under Presi- Further, now we not only see that
dent Roosevelt? Let me quote further: Cuba's economy has not crumbled-as
It is rumored in Washington that the offi- of February 21, 1963-but the U.N. is go-
cials of the state Department have reached ing to gallop to the rescue to make sure
an accord that the present regime in Cuba this does not happen, all the while pro-
should be recognized at once to stabilize testing that American funds will not be
conditions there, but that Ambassador Welles used, so everything is fine. I have never
reports from Cuba that the present regime advocated that the United States with-
cannot. last because of certain Moscow inter- draw from the U.N., but I would like to
national conspiracies and activities that have
been discovered in Cuba< It is believed that challenge the U.N. to consider not only
State Department officials are guarding this the physical needs of the Cuban people,
information because of the, public indigna- but also those Cubans who have been
tion it might create against U.S. recognition forced by one means or another to leave
of Soviet Russia on the eve of the American- their beloved island home because their
Russo conference to be held in Washington desire for freedom-call it "intellectual"
at the invitation of President Roosevelt, or `,`spiritual"-either word fits. Further,
Now let us refresh our memories again f challenge the U.N. to call for a free
by reading a State t epartment release and open election to be held in which all
dated September 25, 1962, received in Cubans will be, allowed to cast their vote
U.S, policy is to get rid of the Castro
regime and Soviet Communist influence in
Cuba. We will not permit the Cuban re-
gime to export its aggressive purposes by
force or the threat of force. We will prevent
the Cuban regime by whatever means may
be necessary from taking action against any
part of the hemisphere. The United States
in conjunction with the other countries of
the hemisphere will make sure that in-
creased armaments which the Soviets have ,
furnished to the regime, while a burden to
2617
title I am quoting from included one also
prophetic-depicting a basket on the
steps of the U.S. Capitol holding an in-
fant-oddly enough resembling Khru-
shchev-who is holding a bomb with a
lighted fuse. The basket is labeled
"Cuba, Little Soviet"-and a Russian
labeled "Moscow" is peering over a fence
at the baby to see if anyone from the
Capitol rushes out to pick it up.
Well, obviously we did pick the baby
up. We also recognized Soviet Russia,
thus loosing upon the world the dread
Communist forces politically blessed by
the United States of America, through
President Franklin Delano Roosevelt but
not through the wishes of many, many
troubled American citizens of both po-
litical parties. .
We thus were found wanting at a time
when the real ' basic morality of the
United States of America was put to the
acid test, and we are reaping the results
now of that decision.
We are being retested today. Where
stand we as a nation? Where stand we
as a people? Is Cuba to truly be allowed
to develop from "Little Soviet" to "Big
Soviet" in the Western Hemisphere? Do
we revise our thinking from the Presi-
dent down to. the State Department-
to the Congress-and to the people-
and face what we could not face in 1933?
I seem to see and-hear signs that some
are heeding this handwriting on the wall
even though some do_ it by the utterly
unrealistic method of declaring Cuba,
armed by the Soviets, is a threat not to
the United States, but instead to Latin
America.
My colleague, Congressman PAUL
ROGERS of Florida, whom I respect and
admire, had some pretty potent things
to say to the House of Representatives on
February 7, of this year, in a speech en-
titled "Cuban Venom Continues To
Trickle." I commend his speech to any-
one who has not read or heard it.
in 1933 there was a bipartisan effort
to prevent recognition of Soviet Russia
by the United States.
In 1963, as in 1933, there is still a bi-
partisan effort-regardless of what
Senator FULBRIGHT chooses to term it-
to get at the facts regarding our Cuban
crisis, and the Soviet arms buildup in
Cuba, and the use of Cuba to export
communism ' to the entire Western
Hemisphere.
And in 1963, as in 1933, there is an
awareness on the part of the American
people that something is seriously wrong
with our morality as a nation when we
speak strong words protesting the slav-
ery and degradation of communism,
but look the other way when means are
suggested for us, as a nation, to protect
our free civilization.
regime, or a free republican government. ""'""`? SIIG "I(,IV1e A'ioscow's
Walter L. Reynolds,
And then,they will find Cuba would not. with Hand my in Cuba," remarks today:
oday:
need the TT N aid to restore it
s
it and could-if given the opportunity. (.by Walter L. Reynolds)
Castro's announcement of no elections A year ago the drive of the Communist
was for the same purpose the Berlin International for world revolution was cen-
tered in Germany. Most of its best trained
available revolutionary forces were then
.
state of slavery. concentrated there in an effort to win Ger-
It is a pitythe CONGRESSIONAL RECORD many to communism and add that nation to
cannot print cartoons because the ar- the world union of Soviet Socialist Republics
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J618 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE February 21
rider the control of Moscow. But for the of the American-Russo Conference to be mate, as they claimed, it would notYappear
trfotism of the vast majority of the Ger- held in Washington at the invitation of necessary to entail such extraordinary pre-
people, who finally became fully aroused President Roosevelt. cautions as to invoke a code that defies all
the situation with which they were con- The recognition of Soviet Russia by the cipher experts. The President should de-
oated, it is possible the Reds would have United States will furnish a new impetus to wand the key to this code from the Soviet
seeded. Communism, which had grown communism, not only in Cuba but through- officials, as an act of good faith to prove
a force of over 5 millions in Germany, out the world, and at the same time act as that its accredited officials have not been
as repulsed. however, and has since been a sedative to the growing impatience of the actively engaged In the revolutionary ac-
ped out or driven underground in con- starving and depressed millions In Russia. tivities of the third international in this
derable disorder, many of Its agents taking In order to attract our money lenders, Soviet country. If this demand is refused, there
efuge in France. Moscow and Great Britain. Russia has dangled the bait of lucrative can be only one Interpretation as to the con-
A new front of the so-called proletarian trade promises, which has in the past been tent of these messages, and It would indicate
volution has now developed-in Cuba- gobbled up by our International-minded what we may expect from Soviet officials
there the Communists, organized and led financiers and Government officials. The who are to be given diplomatic immunity
efly by their Anti-Imperialist League. Soviets say that after recognition they will through recognition. Such agents have
1th headquarters in New York City, a purchase American goods to the amount of been found active in revolutionary work
reach of the Red International, have begun a billion dollars, to rehabilitate world com- in Great Britain, Mexico. China, Argentina,
other desperate struggle to carry on in munism; the extent of such trade depends France, Germany, and elsewhere.
uba from where they were forced to leave entirely on how much our gullible capitalists When and if the recognition question is
pff in Germany. The Communist revolu- and the RFC are willing to loan--$1 or $5 settled In the United States in favor of Rus-
loaary movement always thrives where con- billion-having absolutely no intention of sia, the Cuban campaign will be renewed
ons such as exist In Cuba permit them ever making payment. Is It reasonable to with every available means and Communist
o stir up discontent, leading to strikes, expect the Soviets, the least responsible of agents in the United states will continue to
riots and bloodshed. The Anti-Imperialist all governments both financially and morally, supply the necessary backing and leadership.
eague has been preparing the way for the to repay such loans when France, England, The Cuban situation today has a remarkable
ve revolutionary movement over the past Italy, and other European nations have set resemblance to the Russian picture in 1917.
pears, in accordance with Instructions from a precedent of repudiation by refusing to pay The Reds have resorted to the original tools
Moscow, illustrated by the following extract their debts to the United States? of the Bolsheviks in Russia, by adopting slo-
e program of the Communist Inter- For sake of argument, even should the Fans and other phases of the Russian revo-
tioual adopted at its Sixth World Bolsheviks reverse their announced policy of lution, as directed by Moscow. They are
pongress: abrogation of all contracts when it is no driving to force the Cuban citizens and the
"When the ruling classes are disorganized, longer to the interest of the Soviet Republics rank and file of the Cuban army to join
he masses Ina state of revolutionary fer- to live up to them, as enunciated by several their cause under the Anti-Imperialist
{rent, when the middle classes incline to of Its prominent officials In the past, would League slogan: -The Cuban masses are
3oin the proletariat and the masses have it be possible for the already bankrupt struggling for bread, land, and freedom."
own themselves ready to fight and make U.S.S.R. to make such payments? It has The same meaningless promise of the Rus-
ces, it is the task of the proletarian already obligated Itself to payments to others sian Communist Party In 1917, almost word
to lead the masses in a frontal attack In the amount of $350 million a year to 1935. for word. The Anti-Imperialist League, sup-
Mast the bourgeois state. This will be Soviet spokesmen are frank In saying they ported by the Cuban National Confederation
attained by the propagation of gradually can pay us In the event of a new loan only of Labor (CNOC) and the Cuban Communist
tenaified slogans and by the organization by reciprocal trade agreements; by selling Party, is constantly stirring up strikes and
mass action. their wheat, oil, lumber, and coal, of which Inciting riots, bombings, and killings
"Such mass action includes strikes, strikes we already have surpluses, on our own mar- throughout Cuba. Other Communist Inter-
in connection with demonstrations, strikes kets. Competition from such forced Ibor, national groups, such as the Communist Par-
n connection with armed demonstrations, low cost and no cost, products would be ties of the United States, Mexico, Panama,
And finally, the general strike combined with ruinous to our own industries and cause Colombia, Venezuela, Honduras, Salvador,
the armed rising against the government further unemployment of free American Costa Rica, and Guatemala, have issued man-
authority of the bourgeoisie. The highest labor. Then there is the probability that ifestos calling for the support of all Com-
form of the struggle follows the rules of the Soviets would resell our commodities, munist groups and their sympathizers and
are, and necessitates, as a preliminary bought on long-term credits, to our regular ending with the salutation: "Long live the
plan of campaign, an offensive character in customers at less than actual production workers, peasants, and soldiers soviet govern-
the fighting and unlimited devotion and cost, to further demoralize the world markets ment of Cuba."
heroism on the part of the proletariat." and to raise cash for the purchase of arms Regardless of the fact that such action is
In Cuba the unsettled conditions, unstable and munitions to build up the Red army the last thing the United States desires, for
government and factional discontent have and strengthen the world revolutionary if the Communists were to overthrow the ex-.
I afforded a fertile ground for the fomentation movement In all countries, including Cuba Isting Cuban Government and gain control,
of revolution, and the Communists have and the United States. They are now buying Intervention by the United states would be
(seized the opportunity afforded to ply their huge quantities of arms and ammunition inevitable. Anticipating this, the Anti-Im-
Itrade of murder, sabotage. and civil war. from Poland on credit. perialist League has been flooding the United
The strike stage was passed during the We are dealing with an enemy state, ac- States with propaganda to keep hands off
tMachado regime, and the "highest form Of cording to the definition placed on Russia Cuba, seizing upon the act of the U.S. Gov-
the struggle" Is ready to follow. Since their by the Woodrow Wilson administration, and ernment in sending battleships to Cuban wa-
recent decisive defeat In Germany, the Corn- the leopard has not changed Its spots. The tars to incite the Cubans against this coun-
munists cannot afford another such failure main obstacle to recognition of soviet Russia try, and circulating thousands of petitions
in Cuba. The workers of the world have still remains-the attacks of Soviet agents throughout the United States and Latin
been promised by the Soviets ever since the on our institutions and their attempts to America addressed to President Roosevelt
Russian revolution some definite accom- overthrow our Government by force and vio- protesting against the United States partici-
pllshments toward the establishment of' a lence. It is to be hoped that the present pating in Cuban affairs. While the United
World Union of Soviet Socialist Republics administration will not barter away any of States Is merely undertaking to live up to its
? and Cuba, they believe, now offers the beat our cherished principles in dealing with the obligations under the Platt amendment, to
} immediate opportunity. Then, too, soviet- Soviets. insure the maintenance of a government ade-
Izing Cuba would permit the establishment President Roosevelt has a means at his die- quate for the protection of life, property, and
of a perfect base on the Western Hemisphere posal to determine, to a degree, whether Individual liberty, the Communist Interne-
for the dissemination of their revolutionary the past activities of this officials of the So- tional is using every possible means to have
propaganda in the United States, Panama. viet Government who have been In this the Cubans misinterpret such action and to
and all Latin America, should the United country as representatives of the Amtorg convert them to their cause, asserting that
States not extend recognition to Soviet Trading Corp. have been confined strictly to the United States intends to annex Cuba
Russia. business matters, or whether they have been for the benefit of Wall Street, and that only
It is rumored In Washington that the participating In Communist conspiracies a revolutionary government of the workers
officials of the State Department have and attacks on our Government. In 1930 and peasants, a Soviet government, can free
f reached an accord that the present regime the Special Committee of the House of Rep- Cuba from imperialist domination and clear
in Cuba should be recognized at once to resentatives investigating Communism seized, the way for a higher standard of life for the
t stabilize conditions there, but that Ambas- by subpena. several hundred cablegrams Cuban toilers. This propaganda has ex-
sador Welles reports from Cuba that the transmitted between Moscow and Amtorg. tended to varied efforts by the Communists
present regime cannot last because of certain These messages were sent In a private Mos- to win over to their cause the U.S. marines
Moscow International conspiracies and activi- cow code. In direct violation of international and sailors who have been sent to Cuban wa-
ties that have been discovered In Cuba. It law, so complex that no cipher expert in the ters. The Young Communist League has
Is believed that State Department officlals world has ever been able to break It down been particularly active in this phase of revo-
are guarding this information because of the and the Soviet officials in the United States lutionary activities, posting in all conspicu-
public indignation it might create against refused to decipher them even in secret ses- ous places in the United States and in Ha-
gs. recognition of Soviet Russia on the eve sion. If the business of Amtorg was legiti- vans, appeals to the marines to refuse to
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 trayed. With a clear-cut program of eco-
nomic demands and an uncompromising
stand against imperialism, the revolutionary
forces are drawing toward the anti-impe-
rialist agrarian revolution."
The propaganda campaign in the United
States keeps apace. A recent letter sent
out from the New York office of, the Anti-
ImperialistLeague stated In part:
"The dispatch of 30 warships and thou-
sands of marines is the answer of Roosevelt
to the struggles of the Cuban masses for
liberation. The entire Atlantic fleet sur-
rounds the island ready to crush the Cuban
workers and peasants as they rise to carry
through the agrarian anti-imperialist revo-
lutiop. + * * In the face of these Imperial-
ist schemes it Is Imperative that the Amer-
Scan workers, farmers, and intellectuals be
rallied at once to the support of the colonial
masses who are struggling for liberation
from the grip of U.S. Imperialism."
Before recognition is extended to the Grau
San Martin government, the United States
should make sure that his regime is free from
Communist influences, and that it will take
aggressive action against the revolutionary
movement sponsored by an alien power.
Guarantees must be had that the promise
of a direct franchise to the people will be
kept, and that the constituent assembly
scheduled for next April is held, otherwise
no lasting peace is assured the Cuban people
nor can the U.S. Government reconcile its
past actions to such recognition until these
conditions are met.
Should a Communist dictatorship (a Sov-
iet) be established in Cuba, the Third In-
ternational will have established an impor-
tant base at our very door, and thereby con-
trol the Atlantic entrance to the Panama
Canal from where they could carry on their
program of sabotage and revolution in the
United States, Latin and South America. It
would, of course, be more desirable to Russia
to have us give their agents diplomatic im-
munity here in the United States under
official recognition, to better carry on this
program, but with a newborn Soviet estab-
26P,_
given consideration. Representative Hamil-
ton Fish, Jr., of New York, recently stated:
"If President Roosevelt recognizes Soviet
Russia as indicated by the public press, all
hell won't stop the Communists in Cuba
from Sovietizing that country at our very
doorsteps." Would it be a friendly act on
the part of the United States, should Cuba
be able to work out of Its present difficulties,
to have this country welcome Communist
agitators to our shores from whence they
can proceed to Cuba to continue to organize
a revolutionary force sufficient to overthrow
the existing Government of Cuba and undo
all the progress the Cuban people may have
made? It would be very easy for these
revolutionary agents, who are accorded
diplomatic immunity by this country, to go
out from consulates established at Miami
and other cities in Florida, for instance, to
lead such a revolutionary movement for the
establishment of a Communist dictatorship
in Cuba.
Cuba and the United States have a com-
mon enemy, against whom they should form
an ironclad alliance, and this country should
realize its responsibilities in Cuba In time
to avoid extending recognition to Russia
and thus aline Itself against our neighbor,
who should mean more to us than the out-
law Russian nation, Events of the past
few months indicate, however, that many of
our officials are unaware of the true situa-
tion. The first act of the Secretary of Labor
on taking office was to practically destroy our
immigration service; she discharged most of
the efficient investigators who were engaged
in running down aliens who were in this
country illegally and deporting them.
So well has she pleased the radicals in the
United States that they mention the fact
that they are making progress "through sup-
port by departments of the Government."
Then, shortly before the President's proposal
of recognition to Soviet Russia, Represent-
ative Dickstein, according to Moscow's official
organ in New York City, became suddenly
alarmed over a report which appeared in
that organ, the Daily Worker, that some kind
of "Hitler International" was being formed
in the United States for the purpose of Hit-
lerizing the United States. Mr. Dickstein
"promised us," the Red organ contended, that
"an investigation would be made at once,"
since which the Congressman has rather per-
plexed the Reds by properly adding that "all
aliens who are guilty of spreading prop-
aganda to overthrow our Government" will
be investigated and if possible "be deported."
This newly proposed action on the part of
Representative Dickstein will be heartening
to many of our patriotic organizations and
to millions of American voters who have
worked so hard to secure favorable action on
the Dies bill, providing for the exclusion and
expulsion of alien Communists (now pending
in Congress for 3 years) if they can be as-
sured by Mr. Dickstein that such an Inves-
tigation will include "all alien and alien-di-
rected propagandists and saboteurs from
an unprejudiced angle, irrespective of any
beliefs involved. There can be no question
as to the intent and avowed purpose of the
alien agents of the Communist interna-
tional, abetted by Soviet Russia, to overthrow
our form of government.
Furthermore, if the Communists are rec-
ognized, the U.S. Government owes it to the
people of the United States to also see that
the Jeffers bill, making it a crime to advo-
cate the overthrow of the Government by
force and violence is enacted into law. This
bill would enable the Department of Justice
to keep in contact with the activities of
the Communist movement and permit the
Government to be in some measure prepared
to protect our institutions against riots and
sabotage movement sponsored by the Com-
munist agents who are evidently to be wel-
comed to this country. With . the enactment
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Y 9 63 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
fight fie Cuban workers and to "tuxn,your meeting the fate of Magrinat and Balmaseda
gdits" 'i the bosses." at the hands of theenraged workers." This
President Oran flan Martin 11a4, .lfeea AC- is a direct agitation for murder. Magrinat
oused by many of being definitely alined was accused by the Communists of murder-
With the radical elements in Cuba, which ing Julio Mello, one of the founders of the
he has admitted while denying any Commu- Communist Party of Cuba, and this is cited
nisi affiliations., Ile has,. however, _abetted as. an example of what might be expected
the Communist cause, by being overlenient if the Communists gain control of Cuba.
In, his treatment o COUlmunist agitators, The Upsurge, official organ of the Anti-
and by berating the American capitalists who Imperialist League of the United States,
have been trying to exert influences in Cuba, makes the following report in its September
helping thus to crystallize the, resentment of issue, regarding the progress of the strike
the Cuban people against the United States. movement in Cuba, leading to the revolu-
While there is little doubt but that some of tionary crisis-civil war:
his charges are based on, good cause, and "Even within the ranks of the armed
that certain of these capitalists have been forces, the mass movement-communism-
guilty of meddling and misdealings, never- has taken root. The officers have been
theless it shuld, have. been the President's ousted, the noncommissioned officers elected
first, duty, in' the interest of Cuba, to cooper- by rank and file soldiers. The latter are
ate with the United States and to help Instill fraternizing with the workers, and in many
confidence andl ,faith.Jn.,.the, good will of cases have refused to fire on them in the
American officials who have been sent .there course of strikes. + * * While the_Connlu-
. in the Interest of his ,own country. While nist Party of Cuba and the CNOC lent the
San Martin professes to be friendly to the spark that set off the successful general
United States and unquestionably fully rea- strike, the mass movement that is now gain-
lizes our intentions he has continued to .play ing in strength is getting more and more
into the handsvof the Communists by adopt- under the leadership of these organizations.
ing tactics similar to their own, and. Is, ac- This is a guarantee-that in the shops and
cording to reports considering the appoint-
ment of_ representatives of the radical or
Communist element to official positions In
the new government.
The Chicago Daily Tribune, commenting
on it statement by , Sergeant Batiste, San
Martin's Sail ja.,ry leader, that "we will not
relinquish control until a truly revolution,
ary gove'rnment has been este-blisbect, in
Cuba'hap this to say editorially: "The ques-
tion of intervention _ either .front the view-
point of legal right or of expediency will
turn upon Sergeant Batiste's and his also-
dates' pgti9n0.p1 a trppy revolutionary gov-
ernment, . It, as may be suspected, it in-
volves Conflscaton of"property, the execution
or imprisonment of dissenters, repudiation
of debts and oth er rnea urea adopted by oth-
er truly revolutionary regimes, it would seem
that American intervention would" come
within the terms of the Platt ammencinlent
whether or not It. is deemed desirable, by
our Government. the, new regime
has cozmu it s f.c. intent ops it wilt soon cpn-
front opr G,overpmest with thee, duty of in-
tervention, reluctant as it and the Amerloan
people are to resort to forceful interference
in Cuban events,"
Should Grab Pan Martin permit the Com-
munists a foothold by appointment to-office,
then their next ~tep would be to .gain com-
plete control of that government, with the
consequent establishment of,a. Qoin iu>list
dictatorship, infinitely more disastrous to the
welfare of the Cuban people than was the
Machado military dictatorship. In that
event, since the United States felt compelled
to mediate In the,first instance, it would., be
essential, if the =United?States is, touphold
its world prestige and self-respect, to Inter-
vene under the.Plptt apes dii3ent, &Com-
munist d ctptoreh1p would, as In Russia,
abolish any semblance of human rights, and
the murders under, ,the _Macha-4o regime
would fade into, Insignificance as compared
to the slaughter, of Cuban nationals Under
a Communist ,dictatorship. Wholesale mur-
der would,Deie,alized,"to permit the liquida-
tion of alt thse~wlo.oppose any of its ac-
tions, as "counter-revolutionists,"
The baily Worker, official Communist lished in Cuba, it would be a simple matter
organ of the Communist, Party of the United to smuggle her agents into the United States
States .and B,, ;pfffcial.mouthpiece of the to carry on these revolutionary activities,
Anti-Imperialist League, in its issue of August With both sources made available, we would
14th, condoned the murders of Jose Magrinat be faced with a crisis which might prove to
and Tht,znaseda by Communist mobs, stating be the worst series of blunders ever perpe-
that at.",ragged him(Magrinat) out to trated upon any nation by Its governing
the streets, wlferg 11e ,wgs beaten to death officials.
with bats and",Clubs,",and that "the police On the other hand, with the recognition
stood by and did not dare to Interfere." of Soviet Russia being proposed by the
They also promised that other so-called United States, President Roosevelt should
"hangmen and assassins of, ],Machado are realize that the Cuban situation must be
 2620
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE e b ruary 21
of such laws, at least some measure of pro- Mr. AsHBRooK In three instances and
tection would be afforded our own citizens. to include extraneous matter.
and the United States will be prepared at Mr. OLIVER P. BOLTON and to include
least to some extent to help Cuba meet the extraneous matter.
crisis there which is certain to follow such
recognition. NYGAARD and Mr. BERRY (at the re-
nition of Soviet Russia will increase Quest of Mrs. MAY) to extend their re-
Recoggniti
our responsibilities in Cuba, and if the revo- marks following the remarks of Mr.
lutionary movement there forces interven- STINSON.
tion, in justice to the Cuban people and (The following Members (at the re-
under our' responsibilities as laid down by quest of Mr. BRUCE) and to include ex-
the Platt amendment, we will have destroyed traneous matter:)
any progress we may have already made in Mr. FINDLEY In two instances.
building up good will and amicable trade
relations in Latin-Americ, thus customers for g
many good cash-paying
bankrupt and begging one. It is to be hoped
that such ill-advised action on the part of
our Government will not have serious re-
percussions across the Pacific, Involving the
United States as a catspaw to pull Soviet
chestnuts out of the Far East fire, and
thereby stimulate the Third International's
drive to communize the remainder of China.
Such a display of foolhardy international
policies by the present administration on the
Russian recognition question could give no
hope or comfort to those of our citizens who
are desirous that the United States should
exert its efforts toward world peace, and
would easily result in an unholy alliance
with the Soviets which might lose for us
the respect and good will of Japan and
China.
SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED
By unanimous consent, permission to
address the House, following the legisla-
tive program and any special
heretofore entered, was granted to:
Mr. TUoMPSON of Texas (at the request
of Mr. MONTOYA), for 30 minutes, today.
and to revise and extend his remarks and
include extraneous matter.
Mr. RYAN of New York, for 15 minutes,
today.
Mr. FISHER, for 30 minutes, today.
Mr. Bow, for 30 minutes, today and to
revise and extend his remarks and in-
elude extraneous matter.
Mr. CUNNINGHAM (at the request of
Mr. BRUCE), for 30 minutes, on Febru-
ary 25
Mr. MORSE in two instances.
Mr. (CHILL.
Mr. DEROUVIAN in 12 Instances.
Mr. WYDLER in two instances.
Mr. BECKER in two instances.
Mr. Quiz in five instances.
Mr. ROBISON in five instances.
Mr. WESTLAND.
Mr. Urr.
Mr. MATHIAS.
Mr. BERRY.
Mr. DEVINE in two instances.
Mr. BROYHILL of North Carolina.
Mr. SNYDER in five instances.
Mr. BROMWELL.
Mrs. DWYER in five instances.
Mr. Porr.
Mr. LAIRD in three instances.
Mr. NELSEN in four Instances.
Mr. HOFFMAN.
Mr. ALGER in six instances.
Mr. SPRINGER in two instances.
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN in four instances.
Mr. OsagERs in five instances.
Mr. HosMER In three Instances.
Mr. CURTIS in six instances.
Mr. AVERY.
Mr. Qum in five instances.
Mr. Bow in five instances.
Mr. Bog WILSON in four instances.
Mr. BAKER.
Mr. MEADER in five instances.
Mr. HALL.
Mr. ANDERSON in five instances
Mr. MCCLORY.
Mr. HARVEY Of
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. BRUCE) and to include ex-
traneous matter:)
Mr. PILLION.
Mr. BYRNES of Wisconsin in five in-
stances.
Mr. MEADER in five instances.
Mr. MICHEL.
Mr. HARSHA.
Mr. SCHWENGEL in four instances.
ADJOURNMENT
Mr. DUNCAN. Mr. Speaker, I move
that the House do now adjourn.
The motion was agreed to; accordingly
(at 2 o'clock and 21 minutes p.m.). under
its previous order, the House adjourned
until Monday, February 25, 1963, at 12
o'clock noon.
EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS,
ETC.
Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, execu-
tive communications were taken from
the Speaker's table and referred as
follows:
437. A letter from the Secretary of the Air
Force. transmitting the U.S. Air Force flying
pay report relating to the number receiving
flight pay as of August 31, 1982, pursuant
to section 301(g). title 37, United States
Code; to the Committee on Armed Services.
438. A letter from the Secretary of the
Army, transmitting a draft of a proposed
bill entitled "A bill to repeal section 262
of the Armed Forces Reserve Act, as
amended, and to amend the Universal Mili-
tary Training and Service Act, as amended,
to revise and consolidate authority for de-
ferment from, and exemption from liability
for induction for, training and service for
certain Reserve membership and participa-
tion, and to provide a special enlistment
program"; to the Committee on Armed
Services.
439. A letter from the Deputy Secretary
of Defense, transmitting a report relating
to paying special pay to certain officers dur-
ing the calendar year 1962. pursuant to sec-
tion 306. title 37, United States Code; to the
Committee on Armed Services.
440. A letter from the Secretary of Labor,
transmitting a draft of a proposed bill en-
titled "A bill to amend and clarify the re-
employment provisions of the Universal
Military Training and Service Act, and for
other purposes"; to the Committee on
Armed Services.
441. A letter from the Assistant Secretary
of Defense (Installations and Logistics)
transmitting the December 1962 report on
Department of Defense procurement from
small and other business firms, pursuant to
section 10(d) of the Small Business Act, as
amended; to the Committee on Banking and
Currency.
442. A letter from the Attorney General,
transmitting a report containing the re-
sults of our continuing review of the out-
standing voluntary agreements and pro-
grams established, pursuant to section
708(e) of the Defense Production Act of 1950,
as amended: to the Committee on Banking
and Currency.
443. A letter from the Chairman, Foreign
Claims Settlement Commission, transmitting
a draft of a proposed bill entitled "A bill to
amend the International Claims Settlement
Act of 1949. as amended, to provide for the
timely determination of certain claims of
American nationals settled by the United
States-Polish Claims Agreement of July 16,
1960, and for other purposes"; to the Com-
mittee on Foreign Affairs.
444. A letter from the Comptroller Gen-
oral of the United States, transmitting a re-
Mr. BECKER (at the request of Mr. Mr. CuRTrN.
BRUCE), for 1 hour, on February 25. (The following Members (at the re-
Mr. AsHBROOK (at the request of Mr. quest of Mr. ALBERT) and to include
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
By unanimous consent, permission to
extend remarks in the Appendix of the
RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks,
was granted to:
Mr. FIND In two instances and to in-
clude extraneous matter.
Mr. REUSS In six instances and to in-
clude extraneous matter.
Mr. EDWARDS and to include extraneous
matter, which is estimated by the Public
Printer to cost $240.
Mr. ZABLOCKI in three instances and to
include extraneous matter.
Mr. WHITE and to include extraneous
matter.
Mr. MONTOYA in two instances and to
include extraneous matter.
Mr. GALLAGHER m TWO u)Dbalu:co.
Mr. DELANEY.
Mr. WALTER.
Mr. LANKFORD in five instances.
Mr. DINGELL in three instances.
Mr. ELLIOTT in two instances.
Mr. COHELAN In six instances.
Mr. BRADEMAS in eight instances.
Mr. FINNEGAN in two instances.
Mr. HEYPHU.L in two instances.
Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania.
Mr. DADDARIO in five instances.
Mr. MORRIS.
Mr. FLOOD.
Mr. KEOGH.
Mrs. KELLY in two instances.
Mr. DONOHUE.
Mr. RODINO in three Instances.
Mr. ST. ONCE in four instances.
Mr. STRATTON In three Instances.
Mr. HANNA in three instances.
and to include extraneous matter. Mr. GARY in two Instances.
Mr. RIVERS Of South Carolina (at the Mrs. HANSEN in two instances.
request of Mr. FISHER) and to include Mr. HAGAN of Georgia.
extraneous matter. - Mr. WICKERSHAM.
Mr. EVERETT and to Include extraneous Mrs. GREEN of Oregon.
matter. ~i Mr. DoRN.
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.CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
region were being driven out of business
because, of destructive discriminatory
pricing policies then being applied by
some of the giant dairy organizations.
During the course of these. hearings Con-
gressman STEED uncovered facts disclos-
ing that Sealtest and :other large dairies
Were selling a half gallon of milk to re-
tailers in Mexico, Mo., for 6 cents. A
third generation family-owned home-
town small business dairy was forced to
close its doors. Copies of the transcript
of the testimony developed by the sub-
committee were made available to the
Department of Justice and one of the
counts in the Sealtest indictment cov-
ered Sealtest's practices in Mexico, Mo.
,,The .House. Small Business Subcom-
inittee, again, under the chairmanship
of our colleague, Tom STEED, developed
additional testimony regarding the sale
of milk at unreasonably low prices in
ober? markets, including, for instance,
,Topeka, Kans., where a half gallon of
milk was sold for a price of 14 cents.
Other testimony received by the subcom-
mittee was to the effect that Sealtest
was absorbing losses incurred by its dis-
tributor in offering milk at below-cost
prices in certain other markets. Prior
to the_.Sealtest indictment, all of this and
other evidence also was transmitted to
the Department of Justice for considera-
tion and action.
In fact, Mr. Speaker, I would like to
take this opportunity to tell the House
that this decision of the Supreme Court
is merely one of the many developments
that attest to the constructive work car-
ried on by the House Small Business
Committee in behalf of small business
enterprise.
I ask unanimous consent that the full
text of the Supreme Court's opinion in
the Sealtest ,case be included in the Ap-
pendix of the RECORD.
SUPREME COURT or THE UNITED STATES-NO.
LS.-OCTOBER TERM, 1962
(United States, Appellant, v. National Dairy
Products Corp., et al.)
(On appeal from the U.S. District Court for
the Western District of Missouri, Feb. 18,
1963)
Mr. Justice Clark delivered the opinion
of the Court:
This case involves the question of whether
section 3 of the Robinson-Patman Act, 15
U.S.C. section 13a, making it a crime to sell
goods at "unreasonably low prices for the
purpose of destroying competition or elimi-
nating a competitor," is unconstitutionally
vague and indefinite as applied to sales
made below cost with such purpose. Na-
tional Dairy and Raymond J. Wise, a vice
president and director, upon being charged,
inter aims, with violating section 3 by mak-
ing sales below cost for the purpose of de-
stroying competition, moved for dismissal of
the Robinson-Patman Act counts of the in-
dictment on the grounds that the statute is
unconstitutionally vague and indefinite.
The District Court granted the motion and
ordered dismissal. On direct appeal under
the Criminal Appeals Act, 18 U.S.C. section
3731, we noted probable jurisdiction, 369
U.S. 833, because of the importance of the
issue in the administration of the Robin-
son-Patman Act. We have concluded that
the order of dismissal was error and there-
fore remand the case for trial.
I
National Dairy is engaged in the business
of purchasing, processing, distributing, and
selling milk and other dairy products
throughout the United States. Through its
processing plant in Kansas City, Mo., Na-
tional Dairy has for the past several years
been in competition with national concerns
and various local dairies in the Greater
Kansas City area and the surrounding areas
of Kansas and Missouri. In the Greater
Kansas City market National Dairy distrib-
utes its products directly, but cities and
towns in the surrounding Kansas and Mis-
souri areas outside this market are served by
independent distributors who purchase milk
from National Dairy and resell on their own
account.
The indictment charged violations of both
the Sherman Act, 15 U.S.C. 1, and the
Robinson-Patman Act in Kansas City and
in six local markets and in the adjacent
area? The Robinson-Patman counts
charged National Dairy and Wise with
selling milk in those markets "at un-
reasonably low prices for the purpose of
destroying competition." Further specify-
ing the acts complained of, the indictment
charged National Dairy with having "util-
ized the advantages it possesses by reason
of the fact that it operates in a great many
different geographical localities in order to
finance and subsidize a price war against
small dairies selling milk in competition
with it, by intentionally selling milk, di-
rectly or to a distributor, at prices below
National's cost." In five of the markets Na-
tional Dairy's pricing practice was alleged
to have resulted in "severe financial losses
to small dairies," and in two others the
effect was claimed to have been to "elimi-
nate competition" and "drive small dairies
from" the market.
National Dairy and Wise moved to dismiss
all of the Robinson-Patman counts on the
grounds that the statutory provision, "un-
reasonably low prices," is so vague and in-
definite as to violate the due process require-
ment of the fifth amendment and an in-
dictment based on this provision is violative
of, the sixth amendment in that it does not
adequately apprise them of the charges. The
district court, after rendering an oral. opin-
ion holding that section 3 of the Robinson-
Patman Act is unconstitutionally vague and
indefinite, granted the motion and ordered
dismissal of the section 3 counts. The case
came here on direct appeal from the order
of dismissal.
II
National Dairy and Wise urge that sec-
tion 3 Is to be tested solely "on its face"
rather than as applied to the conduct
charged in the indictment, i.e., sales below
cost for the purpose of destroying competi-
tion. The Government, on the other hand,
places greater emphasis on the latter, con-
tending that whether or not there is doubt
as to the validity of the statute in all of its
possible applications, section 3 is plainly
constitutional in its application to the con-
duct alleged in the indictment,
It is true that a statute attacked as vague
must initially be examined "on its face" but
it does not follow that a readily discernible
dividing line can always be drawn, with
statutes falling neatly into one of the two
categories of "valid" or "invalid" solely on
the basis of such an examination.
Seven counts of the 15-count indictment
charged violations of section 3 of the Rob-
inson-Patman Act. The Sherman Act and
Robinson-Patman Act counts relate to the
same course of conduct.
One Robinson-Patman count, number
XIII, charges Raymond J. Wise, a vice presi-
dent and director of National, with autho-
izing. National's pricing practice and order-
ing its effectuation in the Kansas City mar-
ket, United States v. Wise, 370 U.S, 405
(1962), involves two Sherman Act counts of
the indictment which named Wise as a de-
fendant.
We do not evaluate section 3 in the ab-
stract.
"The delicate power of pronouncing an
act of Congress unconstitutional is not to
be exercised with reference to hypothetical
cases * * * (a) limiting construction could
be given to the statute by the court respon-
sible for its construction If an application
of doubtful constitutionality were * * * pre-
sented. We might add that application of
this rule frees the Court not only from un-
necessary pronouncement on constitutional
issues, but also from premature interpreta-
tions of statutes in areas where their con-
stitutional application might be cloudy."
United States v. Raines, 362 U.S. 17, 22
(1960).
The strong presumptive validity that at-
taches to an act of Congress has led this
Court to hold many times that statutes are
not automatically invalidated as vague sim-
ply because difficulty is found in deter-
mining whether certain marginal offenses
fall within their language. E.g., Jordan v.
DeGeorge, 341 U.S. 223, 231 (1951), and
United States v. Petrillo, 332 U.S. 1, 7 (1947).
Indeed, we have consistently sought an inter-
pretation which supports the constitution-
ality of legislation. E.g., United States v.
Rumely, 345 U.S. 41, 47 (1953); Crowell v.
Benson, 285 U.S. 22, 62 (1932) ; see Screws v.
United States, 325 U.S. 91 (1945).
Void for vagueness simply means that
criminal responsibility should not attach
where one could not reasonably understand
that his contemplated conduct is proscribed.
United States v. Harriss, 347 U.S. 612, 617
(1954). In determining the sufficiency of
the notice a statute must of necessity be
examined in the light of the conduct with
which a defendant is charged. Robinson v.
United States, 324 U.S. 282 (1945). In view
of these principles we must conclude that if
section 3 of the Robinson-Patman Act gave
National Dairy and Wise sufficient warning
that selling below cost for the purpose of
destroying competition is unlawful, the stat-
ute is constitutional as applied to them?
This is not to say that a bead-sight indict-
ment can correct a blunderbuss statute, for
the latter itself must be sufficiently focused
to forewarn of both its reach and coverage.
We therefore consider the vagueness attack
solely in relation to whether the statute
sufficiently warned National Dairy and Wise
that selling "below cost" with predatory
intent was within its prohibition of "un-
reasonably low prices.,'
III
The history of section 3 of the Robinson-
Patinan Act indicates that selling below cost,
unless mitigated by some acceptable busi-
ness exigency, was intended to be prohibited
by the words "unreasonably low prices."
That sales below cost without a justifying
business reason may come within the pro-
scriptions of the Sherman Act has long been
established. See e.g., Standard Oil Co. v.
United States, 221 U.S. 1 (1911). Further,
when the Clayton Act was enacted in 1914 to
strengthen the Sherman Act, Congress passed
section 2 to cover price discrimination by
large companies which compete by lowering
prices, oftentimes below the cost of pro-
duction * * * with the intent to destroy and
.make unprofitable the business of their com-
petitors. H.R. Rep. No. 627, 63d Cong., 2d
sess. 8. The 1936 enactment of the Robin-
son-Patman Act was for the purpose of
strengthening the Clayton Act provisions,
Federal Trade Commission v. Anheuser-
Busch, Inc. 363 U.S. 536, 544 (1960) ; and the
act was aimed at a specific weapon of the
monopolist-predatory pricing. Moreover,
'It should be noted that, in reviewing a
case in which a motion to dismiss was
granted, we are required to accept well-
pleaded allegations of the indictment as the
hypothesis for decision. Boyce Motor Lines
v. United states, 342 U.S. 337, 343 (1952).
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lion 3 was described by Representative
terback, a House manager of the Joint
C Terence Committee, as attaching crimi-
n 1 penalties in addition to the civil lia-
b .!ties and remedies already provided by the
The Court, in Moore V. Mead's Fine Dread
348 U.S. 116 (1964), a case based in part
o1a section 3, recOgnized the applicability
the Robinson-Patman Act to conduct
it, similar to that with which National
airy and Wise are charged here. The Court
Id. "Congress by the Clayton Act and
obinson-Patmarr Act barred the use of in-
terstate business to destroy local business"
rough programs in which "profits made in
$1120.119).
In proscribing sales at unreasonably low
races for the purpose of destroying com-
etition or eliminating a competitor we
believe that Congress condemned sales made
;lieve that National Dairy and Wise could
reasonably understand from the statutory
language that the conduct described in the
;indictment was proscribed by the act. They
!say, however, that this Is but the same horse
with a different bridle because the phrase
"below cost" Is Itself a vague and indefinite
expression in business.
Whether "below cost" refers to "direct"
or "fully distributed" cost or some other
? level of cost computation cannot be decided
In the abstract. There to nothing In the
record on this point, and It may well be that
the issue will be rendered academic by a
showing that National Dairy sold below any
of these cost levels. Therefore, we do not
reach this issue here, As we said in Auto-
matic Canteen Co. v. Federal Trade Commis-
sion (848 U.S. 81, 65, (1953)) : "Since pre-
cision of expression is not an outstanding
characteristic of the Robinson-Patman Act.
exact formulation of the issue before us
Is necessary to avoid inadvertent pronounce-
ment on statutory language In one context
when the same language may require sep-
arate consideration in other settings."
Finally, we think the additional element
of predatory intent alleged In the indictment
and required by the act provides further def-
inition of the prohibited conduct. We be-
lieve the notice here is more specific than
that which was held adequate in Screws v.
United States, 326 U.S. 01 (1945). in which
a requirement of intent served to "relieve
the statute of the objection that it punishes
without warning an offense of which the
accused was unaware," Id., at 102; see id.,
at 101-107. Proscribed by the statute in
Screws was the intentional achievement of
a result, I.e., the willful deprivation of cer-
tain rights. The act here, however, in pro-
hibiting sales at unreasonably low prices for
the purpose of destroying competition, listed
as elements of the illegal conduct not only
the intent to achieve a result-destruction
of competition-but also the act-selling at
unreasonably low prices-done in further-
ance of that design or purpose. It seems
clear that the necessary specificity of warn-
ing is afforded when, as here, separate.
though related, statutory elements of pro-
hibited activity come to focus on one course
of conduct.
United States v. Cohen Grocery Co., 255
U.B. 81 (1021). on which much reliance Is
placed, Is inapposite here. In Cohen the act
proscribed "any unjust or unreasonable rate
or charge." The charge In the Indictment
was in the exact language of the statute, and,
In specifying the conduct covered by the
charge, the Indictment did nothing more
than state the price the defendant was al-
leged to have collected. Hence, the Court
held that a "speetfc or definite" act was
neither proscribed by the act nor alleged in
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE February 21
the Indictment. Id.. at 89. Moreover, the
standard held too vague in Cohen was with-
out a meaningful referent in business prac-
tice or usage. ITihere was no accepted and
fairly stable commercial standard which
could be regarded as impiledly taken up and
adopted by the statute ? ? ?." Small Co. v.
American Sugar Rfg. Co.. 287 U.S. 233. 240-
241 (1925). In view of the business prac-
tices against which section 3 was unmis-
takably directed and the specificity of the
violations charged in the indictment here,
both absent in Cohen. the proffered analogy
to that case must be rejected.
In this connection we also note that the
approach to "vagueness" governing a case
like this Is different from that followed in
cases arising under the first amendment.
There we are concerned with the vagueness
followed,' is in my judgment sound, and
should control this case. Accordingly, I
would affirm the district court's judgment
holding the statute invalid. The Court here
attempts by interpretation to substitute un-
ambiguous standards for the vague standard
of "unreasonably low prices" used by Con-
gress in the statute. It seems to me that
it this criminal statute is to be so drastically
reconstructed it should be done by Con-
gress, not by us. Moreover, I agree with
the Attorney General's National Committee
To Study the Antitrust Laws, which
concluded:
"Doubts besetting section 3's constitution-
ality seem well founded; no gloss imparted
by history or adjudication has settled the
vague contours of this harsh criminal law."
of the statute "on its fact" because such 4 v-P--_
vagueness may in Itself deter constitution- D N `,4GER SIGNALS FLY-PRESSURES
ally protected and socially desirable conduct. I MOUNT IN CUBAN REFUGEE Srr-
See Thornhill v. Alabama. 310 U.S.'88, 98 UATION
P
tt
d J
anuary
v. Du
on, decide
11940); NAAC
14, 1963, -U.S. --. No such factor is pres-
ent here where the statute In directed only at
conduct designed to destroy competition,
activity which is neither constitutionally
protected nor socially desirable. We are thus
permitted to consider the warning provided
by section 3 not only in terms of the statute
"on its face" but also in the light of the con-
duct to which It is applied. The reliance of
National Dairy and Wise on first amendment
canes Is, therefore. misplaced.
rv
This opinion is not to be construed, how-
ever, as holding that every sale below cost
constitutes a violation of section 8. Such
sales are not condemned when made in fur-
therance of a legitimate commercial objec-
tive, such as the liquidation of excess, obso-
lete or perishable merchandise, or the need
to meet a lawful, equally low price of a com-
petitor (80 CONonxe9t0NAL Recoan, 6332,
6334; see Ben Hur Coal Co. v. Wells, 242 F.
2d 481 (C.A. loth Cir. 1957) ). Sales below
cost in these Instances would neither be "un-
reasonably low" nor made with predatory In-
tent. But sales made below cost without
legitimate commercial objective and with
specific intent to destroy competition would
clearly fail within the prohibitions of sec-
tion 3.
Since the indictment charges the latter
conduct and, Be noted, supra, we are bound
by the well-pleaded allegations of the indict-
ment, we must conclude that National Dairy
and Wise were adequately forewarned of the
illegal conduct charged against them and re-
mand the case for trial. Our holding, of
course, does not foreclose proof on the merits
as to the reasonableness of the alleged pric-
ing conduct or, for that matter, the absence
of the predatory intent necessary to con-
viction.
Reversed and remanded,
SUPREME Collar or TUN UNrrEO Srares-No.
i8.-Ocroaza Tsase. 1982.
j United States, appellant, v. National Dairy
Products Corp. et at.)
(On appeal from the U.S. District Court for
the Western District of Missouri, Febru-
ary 18, 19631
Mr. Justice Black, with whom Mr. Justice
Stewart and Mr. Justice Goldberg join,
dissenting.
The statute here involved makes it a
crime to sell goods at unreasonably low
prices for the purpose of destroying compe-
tition or eliminating a competitor. 15 U.S.C.
section l3a. In United States v, Cohen
Grocery ? Co., 255 U.B. 81 (1921). this
Court held unconstitutional and void for
vagueness a statute which made it a crime
"for any person willfully * ? ? to make any
unjust or unreasonable rate or charge" in
dealing in or with any necessaries. The
rule established by that case has been often
(Mr. FASCELL (at the request of Mr.
ALBERT) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat=
ter,)
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, I wish
to draw the attention of the House to
the tragic and dangerous situation which
has arisen In Miami, Fla., in which exiled
Cubans have today engaged in street
rioting accompanied by threats and im-
precations against local police authority
and the American way of life. In so
doing they have disrupted the peace of
a friendly community and fallen prey
to those who would add fuel to the Com-
munist propaganda line.
I refer, Mr. Speaker, to reports from
Miami advising:
THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 21-At 10 a.m. this
morning four pacifists carrying picket signs
began to picket the Cuban Revolutionary
Council at 17th and Biscayne Boulevard,
Miami. A riot began. One of the revolu-
tionary council officials, with a loudspeaker,
asked all to be calm. Thereupon, some 200
or more Cubans entered the foray with bot-
tles, eggs, stones, and other items.
The police were called. The riot squad of
police and dogs tried to break up the gather-
ing. Six policemen were seen fighting with
one Cuban in an effort to get him under
control. Thirteen Cubans were picked up
by the Miami police, four of whom are re-
portedly members of the 2506 Brigade. Fire
trucks were called to the scene ready to
use water hoses to disperse the crowd. At-
tempts by members of the Cuban Revolu-
tionary Council to quell the violence were
responded to by jeers and catcalls by their
fellow Cubans. During the riot, Cubans
were beard screaming:
"Even Castro does not permit this," fol-
lowed by denunciatory statements to the
effect that they did not like nor did they
want "this kind of democracy," the kind
that would let this type of people run around
loose. The rioters fighting the police
screamed and denounced them as "Commu-
nists."
The following was today carried on the
United Press wires:
Violence erupted today when a group of
pacifists attempted to picket the headquar-
ters of the Cuban Revolutionary Council.
3 E.g., Cline v, Frink Dairy Co., 274 U.S. 445
(1927). Lanzetta v. New Jersey, 306 U.S. 451
(1939); cf. United States v. Cardiff, 344 U.S.
174 (1952).
f Atty. Gen. Nat. Comm. Antitrust Rep.
201 (1955) (recommending repeal of sec. 3).
A
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Club-wielding police quickly broke up the
demonstration when 200 angry Cubans
clashed with, the, pickets. About half a doz-
en exiles were arrested by police, who entered
the headquarters of the council, prepared
for what looked like the beginning of a
street riot. The police were denounced
violently by the Cubans, many of them mem-
bers of the Cuban invasion brigade, who
shouted, "Communists--even Castro doesn't
do this. in Cuba." Three fire trucks moved
into a side street. and prepared to douse the
area with water if necessary. Police, under
command of Miami Safety Director Col. Don
Pomerleau, broke up the disorders within
10 minutes. Trouble started even before
the arrival of the pickets when Spanish-
speaking police, using a portable loud-
speaker, requested the Cubans to remain In-
side the property limits of the council
grounds.
Jose A. Hernandez, a spokesman for the
council's labor organization, speaking to
the Cubans through a microphone from the
headquarters porch, urged them to go home
peacefully and "not play into the hands of
the Communists who want to cause disorder
here."
The exiles reacted violently against the
request and denounced Hernandez and
shouted epithets at him. Another council
representative, Raul Mendez, then appealed
over the microphone for the crowd to go
home.
His petition was greeted with loud boos
and angry shouts. For .a few minutes, it
looked like some members of the crowd were
going to attack the two council representa-
tives. At this point, the police, who origi-
nally posted about 15 men, summoned rein-
forcements including about 15 motorcycle
officers.
A few minutes later, the pickets, men and
women-apparently Americans-arrived car-
rying signs bearing pacifist slogans such as
"War will end man or man will end war" and
"We oppose military service."
The pickets massed on a grassy mall di-
rectly in front of the council headquarters
entrance and then suddenly violence erupted
when one Cuban darted across the street and
ripped a sign out of a picket's hands.
Stones and bottles were hurled at the police
by the Cuban exiles,
Police roped off the property of the coun-
cil and refused to let anyone in or out.
Later, a group of about 100 Cubans, most
of them members of invasion brigade 2506,
set out on a protest march to police head-
quarters. -
The citizenry of Miami, Fla., has long
borne with patience the burden of an on-
slaught of dispossessed Cubans-a burden
which should long ago have been shared by
the entire United States.
Valiant efforts have been made by our
Presidents, the Federal and State agencies,
our churches, business institutions, and in-
dividual citizens, to assist in every way pos-
sible, -
Arriving in Miami penniless and with just
the clothes they were wearing, almost all. of
these Cuban refugees has been forced to give
up their homes, their businesses, their life
savings, and all their personal property. -
To help them meet the basic needs of ex-
-istence, the Federal Government has made
financial and other assistance available to
them until they can become self-supporting.
Employment opportunity in Miami is lim-
ited. There simply are not enough jobs to
:accommodate both local residents and ref-
ugees. There arose open competition and
economic conflict between the permanent
citizenry and the incoming refugees. The
balloon had to burst.
I have noted the ever-increasing frustra-
~ions, stresses, strains, and economic ills
_mposed on the people of my area. For this
-eason, I have for over 2 years fought for a
more realistic approach to this long-festering
situation.
I have repeatedly advocated-to two
Presidents and Government officials-
that Dade County and Florida had
reached a saturation point on the receipt
of Cuban refugees.
Long ago I urged, and have continued
fighting for, the establishment of an ad-
ditional port of entry and reception
center.
Long ago, and many times since, I
urged extension and amplification of the
resettlement program under which the'
Government-through January 25, 1963,
has resettled 53,974 Cubans, not quite
one-third of the 157,525 persons entering
and registering from Cuba. Again I re-
iterate, no community the size of metro-
politan Dade County could conceivably
be expected to absorb such a shock.
Time and time again, I have met with
the Secretary of the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare and oth-
er top echelon governmental officials con-
cerned with the Cuban refugee pro-
grams, to discuss the need to reevaluate
the overall program. Long ago, it was
obvious,that this was no longer a tem-
porary situation; the facts demanded
that priority attention be devoted to re--
settlement-to opening a reception cen-
ter elsewhere,
Admirable efforts have been made by
this administration and the agencies of
the Federal Government -in their at-
tempts to alleviate this situation. While
the programs instituted have been highly
successful, we have got to do more.
On February 5 of this year, I ad-
dressed myself to reports that a so-called
Cuban GI bill was being considered.
At that time, I publicly stated my oppo-
sition before top echelon officials of ex-
ecutive agencies having jurisdiction of
the Cuban refugee program. I told all
that I felt that the present programs are
more than adequate and that I am op-
posed to any new or additional benefits.
I am grateful that no more has been
heard of this proposition.
I again respectfully submit that Cuban
exiles must be allocated to communities
all over the United States and not con-
centrated in one already greatly over-
burdened area, and no further flow
should come to the Miami area.
Mr. Speaker, I would like to spread on
the record a letter which as recently as
February 15 I directed to Mr. John
Frederick Thomas, director of the Cuban
refugee program:
I am -quite concerned over the Cuban
refugee program in my district. The
residents of Dade County have been ex-
tremely patient and understanding of
the problems of these refugees and have
cooperated to the fullest. However, as
I have emphasized many times before,
Dade County has long ago reached the
saturation point.
I have been deluged with mail from
my constituents indicating their dissat-
isfaction with the rate of resettlement of
these refugees the latest official figures
indicate a severe drop in resettlements
and their strong opposition to any addi-
tional benefits to the Cuban refugees. I
am in full -agreement with these views
and I might add that I believe the pres-
ent programs to be more than adequate
and I am opposed to the' establishment of
broad new programs for any Cuban refu-
gees. I fully support the previously
granted authorization for qualified Cu-
ban refugees to serve and be trained in
the U.S. Armed Forces, but not to be -
granted- any special benefits or privileges
for this-service.
I would respectfully request:
First. That if any additional Cuban
refugees are to be permitted to enter the
United States in the future, they be as-
signed to a port of entry and processed
through a reception center other than
Dade County or the State of Florida.
Second. That additional emphasis be
placed on the resettlement program and
that it be accelerated and implemented
to the fullest degree.
Third. That I be notified at the earli-
est practicable moment if any new pro-
grams or broadening of present pro-
grams are being contemplated. -
I respectfully go - on record, Mr.
Speaker, urging the immediate atten-
tion of the House to this most urgent re-
quest. The situation in the Miami area
is dangerous and explosive. It is made
for those who would deliberately attempt
to set citizen against refugee-yes, even
refugee against refugee-and to utilize
the pentup emotions of American and
Cuban alike to supply the fuel of the
Communist propagandist.
I submit, Mr. Speaker, that now is the,
time for us to act on some conclusive
solution for this problem which will re-
lieve all possibillities of a further at-
tempt to exploit the frustrations and
stresses of residents of the Miami area:
The need is not yesterday, nor tomorrow,
but right now.
It is imperative that action be taken
to permanently alleviate the economic
and psychological ills that have beset the
long-suffering -Miami community. We
must expeditiously implement the hu-
manitarian and intelligent programs
which will relocate large numbers of Cu-
ban exiles immediately-until such day
as they can be returned to a free, demo-
cratic Cuba.
Mr. Speaker, I am pleased to advise
that, partially in response to my letter
to Mr. Thomas, a meeting was held yes-
terday between officials of the U.S. De-
partment of Health, Education, and
Welfare, and four national voluntary
agencies which have major responsibility
for carrying out the Cuban resettlement
program. Dr. Ellen Winston, Commis-
sioner of HEW's new Welfare Adminis-
tration, told the group that the
resettlement program has her full sup-
port of the Department and the Federal
Government: She said:
We want to secure the best possible re-
settlement of the refugees in the last pos-
sible time so that the fathers and mothers
and children in Miami, who so urgently need
new homes and new jobs, can begin new
lives. In the ease of the refugees, the path
to independence and self-support can follow
only one major route, resettlement.
It is a source of deep satisfaction to me
to note that the good work of the Depart-
ment of Health, Education, and Welfare will
be continued-that relocation is to be im-
mediately accelerated and diligently pur-.
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2602 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
sued. This is one constructive step toward
#its ultimate solution.
CUBA PLANES FIRE Olt' U.S. Sfff2.IMP
BOAT
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, along
with the rest of America, I was incensed
to learn of the report that two Mig
fighter planes apparently based in Cuba
had flred'rockets at Florida shrimp boats
on the high seas.
The protection of Americans and the
right of freedom of the high seas must
be guaranteed by our Government.
planes and vessels should be ordered to
shoot to kill on any-interference by hos-
tile aircraft or vessels out of Communist
Cuba.
Since this attack by Cuban fighters
may be a preliminary probe, we should
mRke clear by our immediate response
that the United States will use what-
ever force is necessary or required to stop
or prevent these attacks--or the likeli-
hood of further attacks-even if it means
pursuing the attackers to Cuban soil.
For many years under two administra-
tions, T have urged repeatedly that the
United States must take whatever action,
military or` economic, as necessary in
its self Interest with regard to the prob-
lem of a Communist Government in
Cuba. We need to take every collective
action, economic or military, which needs
to be taken.
The removal of the offensive weaponry
by the Communists was certainly asig-
ntticant turn of events for the free world
and the United States. The re-ent an-
noimeement that several thousandtroops
will be withdrawn Is certainly a step in
the right direction.
But, Mr. Speaker, as our President has
so 'wisely and properly said, the great
danger emanating from Cuba is not
whether there are 5.000 or 50,000 Russian
troops there, butthe fact that it is used
as a base for subversion. Our Govern-
ment has pointed out to all Latin coun-
tries that the Communist Government of
Cuba, has declared war on Latin America;
that every Latin government is In peril.
The point is clear, Mr. Speaker. that
the great danger to the United States
and to the Western Hemisphere is sim-
ply the existence of a Communist govern-
ment In Cuba.
Our President has stated clearly that
the existence of the Communist govern-
ment In Cuba Is incompatible with the
Inter-American system and that all of
the U.S. policies shall be directed to-
wards the eradication of communism In
Cuba,
Mr. Speaker, the American people
solidly support the President of the
United States in any action which he
may take.
It is evident to me and I have pre-
dicted many times aver the years that
the new arena for the world struggle
would be in Latin America. It is obvious
today that this prediction is more than
borne out. There Is obviously a full-
scale hemispheric effort on the part of
the Communists in Latin Am: rica. This
btls all been stimulated and will con-
tinue to be stimulated by the very exist-
ence of a Communist base of operation
in Cuba. Therefore, this base must be
exterminated.
Furthermore, Mr. Speaker, It is evident
that ' the Communists' phase 2, use of
the popular front In Latin America, has
moved into phase 3, which is the use of
violence and terrorism for the weakening
and overthrow of democratic institu-
tions in Latin America.
Under these circumstances. as I have
repeatedly said. long-range programs de-
signed to treat the economic and social
ills of a people who are in an epochal
revolution Is desirable, but not sufficient.
The United States and the Latin Ameri-
can republics must have short-range pro-
grams to deal with the immediate
threats to political stability.
In this regard, this administration has
taken masterful steps long needed to
meet this threat. We must continue to
pursue these, and in addition, engage in
the greatest concentrated ideological
offensive the United States has ever
undertaken.
In other words, Mr. Speaker, not only
must the Communist challenge be met
head on at the military, economic and
ideological level, but we must pursue
those courses which will make national
and international events follow an offen-
sive pattern determined by the United
States.
UNITED NATIONS
(Mrs. GREEN of Oregon (at the re-
quest of Mr. ALBERT) was given permis-
sion to extend her remarks at this point
In the RECORD.)
Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker,
on February 18, 1963, I introduced a bill,
a resolution (H.J. Res. 253), that will
provide an avenue for U.S. citizens to
express their endorsement of the United
Nations not only by words but also in a
very tangible and meaningful way.
My measure will permit American tax-
payers to deduct from their individual
Income taxes any contributions to the
United Nations and its specialized
agencies such as UNESCO.
The measure will enable supporters
of the V.N. to wish the organization well
at a time when crucial financial and
moral supports are needed. And it will
provide Americans an opportunity to ex-
press the view, shared by President Ken-
nedy, that it takes more than arms to
keep the peace.
Too long. Mr. Speaker, have the sup-
porters of the V.N. In this country been
silent in the face of unreasonable criti-
cisms directed against it by opponents
whose views have been given unrepre-
sentative prominence. Some of the
critics of the U.N. have narrow, selfish
economic Interests. And It has been
well publicized that a well-financed, lav-
ish campaign against the U.N. on behalf
of the so-called Katanga government
has been operating In freewheeling style
in the United States. And it appears
that some of this criticism may be com-
ing from organizations that enjoy tax-
exempt status or claim to.
I do not have swollen expectations for
the U.N., Mr. Speaker. I do not believe
it is an infallible organization. But I
insist that the U.N. has richly earned
February 21
the support of the peoples of the world
in its efforts to provide a forum for con-
ciliation of international tensions and
conflicts and to assist developing coun-
tries with their medical, education, and
social problems. Our membership In the
United Nations, beginning with the San
Francisco Conference in 1945, has been
endorsed by a broad range of bipartisan
support from the leaders of our two great
major political parties. I hope they will
join with me in another move to re-
affirm our support in an organization
that is one of our best hopes for a just
peace.
EQUAL PAY FOR EQUAL WORK
(Mrs. GREEN of Oregon (at the re-
quest of Mr. ALBERT) was given permis-
sion to extend her remarks at this point
in the RECORD.)
Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker,
on February 18, 1963, I introduced a bill,
H.R. 3861, to provide equal pay for equal
work.
This bill isdesigned to remove a seri-
ous injustice to both men and women
workers In our Nation. In my view,
State equal pay laws have not proved
effective.
It is shocking and unjust that with
some 24.5 million full- and part-time
women workers in our labor force, there
should be discriminatory wage rates.
These women neither work for "pin
money" nor are they casual workers.
They are workers in their own right.
They are entitled to the same privileges
and rights as male workers. These
women support themselves or contribute
in whole or substantially In part to the
Income of their families. I think it is
high time that in all instances women
workers are treated with full and equal
employment rights. Studies have shown
that a permissive situation in which em-
ployers are permitted to pay lower wages
to women than to men for work demand-
ing comparable skills leads to situations
in which the wages of men themselves
are depressed.
My bill represents policy of President
Kennedy. It is an integral part of his
legislative program. President Kennedy
since his election has taken several steps
to insure full and equal promotion and
employment right without regard to race,
creed, color, or sex. These actions are
to be applauded. I look forward to a full
measure of support from a majority of
our Members of Congress for what In my
view is legislative action long overdue.
MOTOR VEHICLES EQUIPPED WITH
SAFETY BELTS
(Mr. RYAN of Michigan (at the re-
quest of Mr. ALBERT) was given permis-
sion to extend his remarks at this point
in the RECORD.)
Mr. RYAN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker,
today I introduced a measure which
would- require all motor vehicles sold or
shipped in commerce to be equipped
with safety belts and to meet other safe-
ty standards.
This bill would make it illegal to man-
ufacture for sale in interstate commerce
any vehicle which is not equipped with
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2501'
tion or any other area where such entity,
conducts operations unless the Secretary
has reason to believe that such branch, affi
liate, or subsidiary is being established with
the intention of closing down the operations
of an existing business entity in the area of
original location or in any other area where
it conducts such operations, and (C) is
reasonably calculated to provide more than
a temporary alleviation of unemployment
or underemployment within the redevelop-
ment area in which it is, or will be, located.
(b) In cases of demonstrated need, to be
determined by the Secretary, a lending insti-
tution from whom the Secretary purchases
evidences of indebtedness under Section 3 of
this Act, may invest not more than 25 per
centurn of the proceeds from such purchase
in ways other than those authorized by this
section.
USE OF OTHER FACILITIES
SEC. 5. (a) To the fullest extent practi-
cable in carrying out the provisions of this
Act, the Secretary shall use the available
services and facilities of other agencies and
instrumentalities of the Federal Govern-
ment, but only with their consent and on a
'reimbursable basis. The foregoing require-
ment shall be implemented by the Secretary
in such a manner as to avoid the duplication
of existing staffs and facilities in any agency
or instrumentality of the Federal Govern-
ment. The Secretary is authorized to dele-
gateto the heads of other departments and
agencies of the Federal Government any of
the Secretary's functions, powers, and duties
under this Act as he may deem appropriate,
and to authorize the redelegation of such
functions, powers, and duties by the heads of
such departments and agencies.
(b) Departments and agencies of the Fed-
eral Government shall exercise their powers,
duties, and functions so as to assist in carry-
ing out the objectives of this Act. This Act
shall be supplemental to any existing au-
thority, and nothing herein shall be deemed
to be restrictive of any existing powers,
duties, or functions of any other department
or agency of the Federal Government.
(c) Funds authorized to be appropriated
under this Act may be transferred between
departments and agencies of the Govern-
ment, if such funds are used for the pur-
poses for which they are specifically author-
ized and appropriated.
POWERS OF THE, SECRETARY
SEC. 6. In performing his duties under this
Act, the Secretary is, among other things,
authorized to-
(1) assign, sell, or otherwise dispose of for
cash, credit, or such consideration as he shall
deem reasonable, at public or private sale
and without recourse to him any evidence
of indebtedness, debt, contract, claim, per-
sonal property, or security assigned to or
held by him as a result of, or in connection
with an evidence of indebtedness purchased
under this Act and to collect or compromise
all obligations assigned to or held by him
in connection with such evidence of indebt-
edness until such time as such obligations
may be referred to the Attorney General for
suit or collection;
(2) deal with, complete, renovate, im-
prove, modernize, insure, rent, or sell for
cash, credit, or such consideration as he shall
deem reasonable, at public or private sale
and without recourse to him, any real or
personal property conveyed to, or otherwise
acquired by him, in connection with the evi-
dence of indebtedness purchased under this
Act, and
(3) to establish such rules and regulations
as he may deem appropriate in carrying out
the provisions of this Act.
ADMINISTRATION
SEC. 7. This Act shall, to the fullest extent
practicable, be administered so as to be con-
sistent with the objectives, purposes, and
policies of the Area Redevelopment Act
(Public Law 87-27, Eighty-seventh Congress,
first session, May 1, 1961.)
DEFINITIONS
SEC. 8. (a) "Secretary"-Unless otherwise
indicated, when used in this Act, "Secre-
tary" shall mean the Secretary of Commerce.
(b) "Redevelopment area"-When used in
this Act, "redevelopment area" shall mean an
area designated as a redevelopment area
under the Area Redevelopment Act (Public
Law 87-27, Eighty-seventh Congress, first
session, May 1, 1961).
(c) "Evidence of indebtedness"-When
used in this Act, "evidence of indebtedness"
shall mean a bond, debenture, note, or other
contract for the payment of money, or a par-
ticipation therein, which, among other
things, (1) evidences a loan to aid in financ-
ing any project within a redevelopment area
for the acquisition or development of land
or facilities (including, as the case may be,
machinery and equipment), or both, for in-
dustrial or commercial usage, including the
construction of new buildings, the rehabili-
tation of abandoned or unoccupied build-
ings, and the alteration, conversion or en-
largement of existing buildings; (2) is se-
cured by a mortgage, deed of trust, or simi-
lar instrument, covering land or facilities
(including, as the case may be, machinery
and equipment), or both acquired or devel-
oped for industrial or commercial usage; and
(3) is so secured as reasonably to assure re-
payment.
REVOLVING FUND
SEC. 9. (a) There is hereby established in
the Treasury a revolving fund (hereinafter
called "the fund") which shall be available,
without fiscal year limitation, for use in
carrying out the provisions of this Act. All
repayments of loans, and interest, and other
receipts from transactions under this Act
shall be paid into the fund.
(b) To carry out the provisions of subsec-
tion (a) of this section, appropriations not
to exceed $50,000,000 are authorized to be
made to the fund from time to time and
without fiscal year limitation. The Secre-
tary shall pay into miscellaneous receipts
of the Treasury at the close of each fiscal
year, interest on the net amount of cash dis-
bursements from the fund, at a rate to be
determined annually by the Secretary of the
Treasury, taking into consideration current
average market yields on outstanding in-
terest-bearing marketable public debt obliga-
tions of the United States of comparable
maturities.
CAREER COMPENSATION ACT
(Mr. WHITENER (at the request of
Mr. ALBERT) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD.)
Mr. WHITENER. Mr. Speaker, the
Congress occasionally passes a law de-
signed to achieve a desirable purpose but
which in operation fails to bring about
the results desired by the Congress.
Whenever it is apparent to the Congress
that a measure we have passed is failing,
to achieve the purpose for which it was
enacted and is causing hardship, it is the
duty of the Congress to take remedial
action.
In July of 1962 the 87th Congress en-
acted Public Law 531. The bill amended
certain sections of the Career Compen-
sation Act of 1949 and the Dependents'
Assistance Act of 1950. The changes be-
came effective January 1, 1963.
Under the law certain senior noncom-
missioned officers of the Army, Navy,
Air Force, and Marines were relieved of
the mandatory responsibility or pro-
viding allotments for the support of their
dependents. Since January. 1, 1963, al-
lotments for the support of their de-
pendents have been voluntary on the
part of these noncommissioned officers.
In the enactment of Public Law 531
the Congress was endeavoring to achieve
a worthwhile purpose. The quarters al-
lowance for certain, members of the
Armed Forces was to be raised and senior
noncommissioned officers were given the
opportunity of providing for the support
of their dependents without arbitrary
action on the part of the Federal Gov-
ernment.
I regret to say, Mr. Speaker, it seems
that Public Law 531 with respect to vol-
? untary allotments on the part of senior
noncommissioned officers has failed to
justify the optimism of Congress when
the law was enacted. Many members
of the Armed Forces have taken ad-
vantage of the law to terminate all
assistance to their dependents, bringing
about extreme hardship to the families
of many servicemen.
I have received numerous complaints
from the dependents of servicemen ad-
vising that their allotments have not
been forthcoming since the effective date
of Public Law 531. The Red Cross rep-
resentative in one ctly in my congres-
sional district informs me that she has
been deluged with inquiries from the de-
pendents of service personnel who have
suddenly been deprived of their means
of support.
In addition to creating unusual hard-
ship conditions for thousands of depend-
ents of military personnel by the enact-
ment of Public Law 531, we have brought
about an administrative problem which
is beyond the power of the various mil-
itary services to handle. While the
Armed Forces will make every effort to
impress upon persons in the military
service the necessity for providing for
their dependents, the military services
have been left without an effective rem-
edy to apply in the matter.
In a letter dated February 13, 1963, the
Commandant of the Marine Corps point-
ed out to me the difficulty with which the
Corps is confronted in this matter.
I might point out-
General Shoup said-
the following difficulty' which will be en-
countered in resolving nonsupport problems
under the new legislation. In accordance
with the Marine Corps policy, a member
who fails to provide support for his depend-
ents may become subject to disciplinary ac-
tion. Such action will not, however, serve to
force the member to provide support for de-
pendents against his wishes. This can only
be accomplished by a civil court of compe-
tent jurisdiction.
The other military services are faced
with a problem similar to the one de-
scribed by General Shoup.
Mr. Speaker, unless the Congress takes
quick action to restore the requirement
for mandatory allotments for the sup-
port of dependents of military personnel,
the problem I have described will con-
tinue to grow. Congress should act
promptly to see that the dependents of
military personnel continue to receive
adequate support.
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'2692 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
Under existing circumstances in the
Armed, this, responsibility can be
fulfilled o y the enactment of legis-
lation restoring the requirement for
mandatory allotments on the part of en-
listed military personnel. The bill I have
introduced will alleviate the unfortunate
situation of many families of service per-
sonnel that has arisen through the en-
actment of Public Law 531 of the 87th
Congress.
I know that my colleagues in the
House must have had numerous Inquir-
ies in the past several weeks from con-
stituents who have had their subsistence
funds terminated. In the light of their
experience in this matter I hope that
they will join with me in working for the
enactment of my 11.
IIBA IN ERSPECTIVE
(Mr. STRATTON (at the request of
Mr. ALBERT) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, last
weekend I had the honor to address the
annual convention of the New York
Press Association, an organization com-
prising the editors and publishers of
virtually all of the weekly newspapers
In New York State.
I took advantage of that occasion, Mr.
Speaker, in speaking to this distin-
guished body of community leaders and
opinionmakers in our great Empire
State, to try to present my own views,
as one Member of the House as well as
a member of the great Committee on
Armed Services, of just what the current
situation in Cuba really Is. I tried to
do it without any of the narrow political
partisanship that has clouded so many
of the comments on this crisis in recent
weeks.
In the thought that perhaps some
Members may find some of these re-
marks of Interest In connection with
their own discussion of this vital subject
In their home districts, I ask unanimous
consent that the full text of these re-
marks be Included at this point in the
RECORD.
The address referred to follows:
ADDRESS or CONGRESSMAN SAMUEL S. STRAT-
TON, BEFORE THE NEW Yosa Paxss Assocr-
ATION CONVENTION BANQV;r, HOTEL STaA-
COBE, SYRACUSE, N.Y., FESROART 15, 1963.
CUBA IN PERSPECTIVE
Mr. President, members of the New York
Press Association, ladies and gentlemen: I
Welcome this opportunity, as one member of
the political fraternity, to pay my formal
tribute to the ladies and gentlemen of the
press for the vital and important role you
play in making our American democracy
work. Nobody knows better than a prac-
ticing politician the power of the press in
the operation of our free and open American
society. Without the means of communica-
tion between those in office and the people
whom they represent which a free press sup-
plies; and without an alert press. as a kind
of fourth branch of government over-
seeing and riding herd on the actions and
the antics of the other three, democracy
could not long survive. Just how long might
be a ,matter of some speculation, but I am
sure that at least as for as the people of
New York City are concerned. 2 long
months is just about as far as they would
care to push the experiment.
I'm also glad to have this chance to
salute you who comprise that special portion
of the fourth estate, the weekly newspapers
of New York State. All of us in Washington
respect the press. But as the New York
Member of Congress who has more counties
in his district than any other Member, and
who therefore has, or so I am reliably in-
formed, more weekly newspapers delivered
to his office than any other Member from
New York, I stand in particular awe of this
distinguished audience and welcome this
unique chance to try to penetrate your in-
fluential columns.
One of our occasional problems In a demo-
cratic society has been to reconcile the free-
dom of speech and of the press which is so
vital to the preservation of our liberties with
the special exigencies of war. Yet, even
though we have never liked it, we Americana
have always willingly accepted the tempo-
rary restraints which war, on the fortunately
few occasions when we have been engaged
in it, has Imposed on these basic freedoms.
Censorship has been accepted with the out-
break of hostilities, and has been speedily
removed when those hostilities came to an
end. We have been willing to forego some
of our own right to know so as to make
sure the enemy isn't reading any of our im-
portant military secrets over our shoulder.
And I dare say our democracy has not suf-
fered as a result of this exercise in self-
discipline.
I mention all this because of course today
-in February 1963-we find ourselves in a
situation that is really neither war nor peace
as we have known them in the past. No
shooting-or almost no shooting-by Ameri-
can forces anywhere in the world; yet our
House Committee on Armed Services is cur-
rently studying-and doubtless will approve
-the fourth largest defense budget-484 bil-
lion-in the Nation's entire history.
What we are in today is what we have
come to know as cold war-a somewhat In-
exact term, for a continuous and unrelent-
ing struggle between communism and free-
dom which,, for many at least, Is just as
deadly as hot war and whose outcome for
the ultimate course of history could be even
more crucial.
Just as the distinction between war and
peace becomes blurred in an era of cold war,
so too do some of the other distinctions.
Last October, for example, this Nation stood
on the brink of nuclear war in a situation
more perilous than any we have faced since
Pearl Harbor. Fortunately boldness and
determination prevailed without the need
for any outright hostilities. During this
brief period, while the outcome was still in
balance, our military leaders revived a mod-
ified form of wartime censorship and re-
stricted their announcements to the press
to those items which would not alert our
enemies in advance to the course of action
we intended to follow. When the crisis sub-
sided this limited censorship came off.
'This, of course, Is what we now hear re-
ferred to as a policy of "managed news," I
find it hard to believe that any reasonable
man--or newspaper editor-would suggest
for a moment that our Government had any
more obligation to telegraph its punches to
the enemy during the October Cuban crisis
than we did in the months following Pearl
Harbor. Yet this simple and to me perfectly
unexceptionable principle still tends some-
times to be overlooked just because it is
harder today than it was a generation ago
to draw a clear line between war and peace.
The handling of our Government's rela-
tions with the press is not the only thing
that we sometimes find hard to keep in per-
spective in the light of the realities of to-
day's unique cold war situation. We've been
witnessing another example In Washington
February 21
these past couple of weeks of the ease with
which our consideration of vital military
and political issues can slip out of perspec-
tive and end up in confusion and hopeless
exaggeration.
I'm not interested now in trying to assess
either praise or blame. But as one Member
of Congress with some responsibility for the
successful operation of our overall Defense
Establishment I do welcome the opportunity,
before this distinguished audience, to make
an effort to review the current situation in
Cuba in the kind of perspective to which I
believe it is entitled.
Here, as I see it, are the essential points
about Cuba as of this Friday evening, Feb-
ruary 15, 1963:
1. The Soviet long-range nuclear missiles
have left Cuba, and the missile bases-
whether they be concrete, gravel, concrete-
with-gravel, or gravel-with-concrete-have in
fact been dismantled and destroyed. Noth-
ing is ever absolutely certain In this im-
perfect and uncertain world of ours, but I
say that Secretary McNamara proved this
point beyond a reasonable doubt to all fair-
minded and reasonable men last week on
television.
2. We Americans can take pride in a top-
notch military intelligence system. No one
could have watched that television report
without marveling at the precision and de-
tail of our knowledge of what goes on in
Cuba. I might add that when Secretary Mc-
Namara presented essentially the same brief-
ing to our committee 2 weeks earlier, every
member of the committee, Republicans and
Democrats alike, spontaneously applauded
him and his young briefer when they had
concluded for a really virtuoso performance.
While It Is of course theoretically possible
for the Soviets to be hiding missiles in caves
or under trees, they could not get them out
and get them set up against us as things now
stand without our detecting them in the
process.
3. No intelligence system can ever be per-
fect. Trying to find out what goes on in a
closed society cannot, obviously, be a com-
pletely exact science. Some stories we get
are fact; others are only rumors. I know
from my own wartime experience as an in-
telligence officer that any military com-
mander learns to live with the inexact and
the unprecise and tries as best he can to
increase the area of hard knowledge and
reduce the area of sheer guesswork before
he decides upon a course of action.
4. If we propose to take this country to
the brink of nuclear war, then it makes
sense to try to do it on the basis of the
facts we know and not just on the rumors
we may merely suspect.
May I digress here to add just one com-
ment in connection with that observation.
A good deal has been said in recent days
about those who, so we are told, "rightly
called the turn" on Soviet missiles in Cuba
last September, and "forced the administra-
tion" to confirm their charges in October.
This is a bit misleading. The rumors about
Soviet mistakes in Cuba, peddled by refugees,
had been going the rounds in Washington
for some weeks last fall. Our intelligence
services were as well aware of these rumors
as anyone else. But it is one thing to have
a rumor and it is an entirely different thing
to confirm that rumor as a proven fact. You
can't very well go to the brink of war, as
I say, over a mere rumor. Nobody in Wash-
ington had proved those missile rumors until
the photographic evidence came in on that
fateful October 14. Then, as you know, the
administration acted swiftly, courageously,
and effectively. But they could not-and in-
deed they should not-have acted until the
proof-which those who had been peddling
the rumors had never been able to supply-
was in.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2593
8. The Cuban crisis isn't over by a long capability in Cuba. We have taken steps to
shot. Certainly the threat to our own con- get the Soviets to reduce their troops in
tinent has subsided with the departure of Cuba. Perhaps we may not succeed. In any
the long-range missiles. Those missiles were case I do not believe we could ever accept
offensive because they could be directed ef- any substantial increase in these troops.
fectively against American cities and could 4. Any export of arms or subversion from
have been part of a rational overall attack Cuba to other Latin American countries.
- on the United States which successfully by- President Kennedy made this pledge, too, last
passed our missile early warning network to October. I am sure its still stands.
the north. That's why their presence was S. Any attack on our naval base at Guan-
intolerable and why they had to be removed, tanamo, or any interference with our present
even at the risk of war. position there.
The Soviet infantry and antiaircraft troops 6. Any use of Soviet forces, including
and equipment which remain are not at all tanks, to put down any anti-Castro rebellion
offensive in this sense, as Governor Rocke- by the Cuban people themselves. I do not
feller acknowledged last weekend. But this believe we ever could or ever should sit by
does not mean that they do not have some passively and let Soviet tanks crush any
unpleasant capabilities for mischief in this
hemisphere or do not, in fact, constitute a
matter of grave concern to us. They do, and
Secretary of State Rusk himself has told us
that the United States cannot permanently
accept this Soviet military presence in Cuba.
6. Finally, we are not only opposed to Rus-
sian troops being stationed in Cuba; we're
also against Castro himself and want to see
him out too. This, I submit, is also basic
American policy.
Now if we can agree generally that these
six points summarize things as they cur-
rently stand in Cuba, the next question is,
What do we do about it? There's been a lot
of criticism these past 2 weeks about Cuba,
a lot of second guessing, and a lot of sanc-
timonious viewing with alarm. But except
for Republican Senator JOHN S. COOPER, of
Kentucky, there's been darn little in the way
of constructive recommendations for action.
And it isn't hard to understand why, because
any course of action in today's polarized
world can have highly explosive conse-
quences, Talk is cheap; action never is.
The simple fact is that action over Cuba,
now just as well as last October, could always
involve us in all-out nuclear war with the
Soviet Union. These are the stakes we are
really playing for, let's not make any mis-
take about it. This doesn't mean we have
to back away automatically from the possi-
bility of nuclear war. Far from it. In fact
we've already faced up to this possibility be-
fore without flinching-eyeball to eyeball
with the Russians as someone expressed it-
in October. We are ready to do it again if
need be; let's make no mistake about that
either. But surely we would be criminally
negligent to move ourselves into this posture
without first undergoing the most careful,
cautious, and sober consideration of all that
such a decision entails.
Frankly, most of the semantic games that
have been played over this Cuban issue in
recent days hardly measure up to this exact-
ing requirement.
So far we have won one essential victory
in Cuba without firing a shot. Perhaps we
may succeed in winning more. But before
anyone gets the idea that our military plan-
ners have gone to sleep over Cuba, let's just
spell out some of the highly explosive possi-
bilities of the situation we are already facing,
each of which we must be prepared to deal
with right now, not 2 months from now, and
each of which could conceivably escalate
into the all-out nuclear war with the Soviet
Union, to which we faced up last October and
successfully avoided. Here they are:
1. If one of our reconnaissance aircraft
-were shot down over Cuba. In the absence
of on-site inspection, our present aerial sur-
veillance is absolutely essential to continu-
ing the present arrangement with Cuba. Yet
-the Soviets do have the capability to shoot
-these planes down at apy time.
2. If Soviet long-range missiles were ever
reintroduced into Cuba. President Kennedy
made this perfectly clear in his press con-
ference last week.
3. If the Soviets were to undertake any
asubstantial increase in their present ground
Cuban freedom revolt as they crushed the
uprisings in Hungary.
Perhaps there other other possibilities
which I have overlooked. But I have said
enough, I think, to make it clear that even
if we were to do nothing more in Cuba, we
still could find ourselves confronted over-
night with the threat of all-out war. And
since most of us feel that we cannot long
tolerate even the present situation, there
comes the further question of just how we
should proceed to correct it if -our present
diplomatic efforts fail. But whatever we
decide to do-and we may well have to de-
cide to do something-it won't come cheap.
So, wouldn't it seem obvious that viewed in
this perspective the details of our Cuban
policy become more than just a passing
game of political checkers?
No one, surely, would want to foreclose
public discussion, in the press or from the
platform, about Cuba any more than about
any other aspect of our foreign policy. But
surely it is not too much to hope, is it, that
in this great national debate, carried out in
this shadowy era of half-war and half-peace,
there should be at least some simple ground
rules of responsibility which could help to
keep this debate one that clarifies rather
than confuses, and one that encourages
rather than sublimates the rational proc-
esses of thought and reflection on which
sound and effective American policy must
be built?
No matter what the requirements of parti-
san politics may be, there is certainly no
right to undermine the national security by
anybody, anywhere, at any time.
Can we not, for example, agree that re-
gardless of what past mistakes may have
been made, from here out every criticism
should carry at least the suggestion of some
alternative course of action? And can we
not also agree that since we have, after all,
only one executive branch of government
charged with maintaining our defense, those
who profess to have available to them spe-
cial sources of information on conditions
abroad should make them available to our
Defense Establishment at least as soon as
they do to the press galleries?
Some may say, no this can't be done, be-
cause already we are in the process of a
great American presidential campaign and
the present President and his administra-
tion are fair game. Fair game yes, as in-
dividuals and as a party. But not fair game
as the only duly constituted Government of
the United States of America in a period of
high international peril.
Once before we in America have seen that
it is possible to conduct a political campaign
under the shadow of war without undermin-
ing our national security. That was back in
1944 when a former Governor of New York
State and a great American, Thomas E.
Dewey, was running for President of the
United States. During the course of his
campaign the Governor, as you will recall,
learned that our American intelligence of-
ficials had broken the Japanese diplomatic
code and were regularly reading the Japa-
nese dispatches prior to Pearl Harbor. Yet
at the request of Gen. George Catlett Mar-
shall, the Army's wartime. Chief of Staff,
Governor Dewey voluntarily refrained from
using that information as a campaign is-
sue-though it could have been a highly ex-
plosive one-because to do so would have
gravely impeded the successful prosecution
of the war.
The American people, I have always felt,
owe a great debt of gratitude to Governor
Dewey for his deep sense of responsibility
and restraint in circumstances that must
have been tempting in the very extreme.
As members of the press, you ladies and
gentlemen are familiar with restraint of this
sort and you are called upon to demonstrate
it week after week in your papers. I am
sure that we in public life, once the seri-
ousness of the Cuban crisis is apparent, will
follow the brave example of Governor Dewey
and will exercise the responsibility and re-
straint which the times now require.
For after all, the things that divide our
two great political parties are far less than
the things that unite us as Americans. Pol-
itics still stops at the water's edge of na-
tional security and survival. And surely
when it comes to the ultimate goal of eli-
minating communism-not just from Cuba,
but from the face of the earth wherever it
may be-this great country of ours, Demo-
crats and Republicans alike, will continue to.
speak with a single firm and forceful voice
of determination and of hope.
VFW SPEAKS UP FOR MILITARY
PERSONNEL
(Mr. STRATTON (at the request of
Mr. ALBERT) was given permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, as
Members of the House are well aware,
the most important single element of our
National Defense Establishment is its
personnel. It is particularly necessary
that, in spite of the great emphasis be-
ing placed upon scientific, mechanical,
and technological advances in weaponry,
we do not overlook the role of the officers
and men who man these weapons. All of
the tremendous national investment in
resources, dollars, and time, which we
have made and are making in improving
our military equipment would be useless
without the devotion, the hard work, and
the skills of our military personnel into
whose hands these weapons are en-
trusted.
Our military personnel are serving in
remote and scattered places throughout
the world. They are there because that
is where their duty requires them to be.
We should recognize their vitally im-
port service overseas; we should not
penalize them for it. It is, therefore,
with profound concern that I bring to
the attention of this House the recent
proposal that the customs officials of
our Government plan to terminate the
$10 tariff-free gift mailing privilege of
our citizens. My purpose at this time is
to urge that if such tariff-free mailing
privilege from overseas is to be canceled,
then our military personnel and their
dependents should in all fairness be ex-
empted from the new restrictions.
There are many good reasons why
such arbitrary and unfair actions should
not be-imposed upon those who are so
well serving in the defense of our Nation
and the free world overseas.
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2594 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE February 21
The inequity of such a proposal from
the standpoint of our military personnel
and the reasons why they should be
exempted from such restrictions are
forcefully set forth in a recent letter
from the Veterans of Foreign Wars of
the United States to the Assistant Secre-
tary of Defense, the Honorable Norman
S. Paul. I am confident that Members
of the House are well acquainted with
the. alert and effective manner in which
the VFW has championed the interests
of those who serve and have served in
our Armed Forces.
I also invite attention to the reply of
Assistant Secretary Paul to the letter
addressed to him by Brig, Gen. J. D.
Hittle, U.S. Marine Corps, retired. VFW
director of national security and foreign
affairs, in behalf of Byron B. Gentry, the
national commander in chief of the
Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United
States. Secretary Paul's letter Is reas-
suring in that it associates itself with
the position taken by the VFW in support
of our servicemen. This Is another
example of the insight and understand-
ing of personnel problems which we have
come to expect from Secretary Paul.
Parenthetically, as a member of the
Armed Services Committee of the House
of Representatives, I wish to compliment
Secretary Paul for the sincerity, intelli-
gence, and frankness with which he Is
performing his vitally important role as
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Man-
power.
Under leave to extend my remarks I
Include at this point the VFW letter In
defense of the interests of military per-
sonnel overseas and the reply by Secre-
Ron. NORMAN S. PAUL,
Assistant Secretary of Defense (bfanpower).
Department of Defense. Washington, D.C.
Di" Ma. SecasrAzY: The purpose of this
letter is to inform you, on behalf of Mr.
Byron B. Gentry. commander In chief of the
Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United
States, of our deep concern over the recent
announcement of the impending cancella-
tion of the current authority for Individuals
to send tariff-exempt gifts of $10 or less, from
overseas to individuals In the United States.
The VFW urges that every effort be made
by the Department of Defense to permit
military personnel and their dependents to
continue the $10 tariff-free gift privilege.
Unless oversee military personnel are ex-
empted from the impending cancellation, an
undue and unnecessary burden will be Im-
posed on them.
It Is difficult, Indeed, for the VFW to be-
lieve that the withdrawal of this small privi-
lege of sending a tariff-free $10 gift, is. In
fact, a necessity. With tourists able to bring
in $100 In tax-exempt purchases as often as
once a month from foreign countries, with
U.S. corporations able to purchase foreign
companies in amounts of hundreds of mil-
lions, and in view of the tremendous eco-
nomic assistance by this Nation, even to
Communist regimes, the continuation of the
authority for our military personnel to send
home $10 tariff-free gifts, does not seem
unreasonable.
While such gifts may not appear to some
to be an important factor In morale, I believe
that even a cursory survey of the opinion
of U.S. omcers and enlisted personnel over-
seas will disclose a widespread and intense
resentment over the impending cancellation.
I have recently returned from Europe. In
the course of my travel, representing the
Commander In chief of the Veterans of For-
eign Wars of the United States. Mr. Byron
B. Gentry, I had the opportunity to meet
with numerous omcers and enlisted person-
nel of our armed services. This matter of
the impending cancellation of gift mailing
is deeply resented by them.
It was only a abort time ago that military
personnel had the privilege of mailing $50
tariff-free gifts. That authority was allowed
to lapse, leaving service personnel only the
broad $10 gift-mailing entitlement. If this,
too, is taken away from them, they will then
have only the dubious privilege, in accord-
ance with pending plans, of mailing to their
mothers, fathers, relatives, and sweethearts
gifts of not more than $1. This is at best
a ridiculous entitlement.
It to generally recognized that one of the
basic and acute problems In defense matters
is the retention of experienced military per-
sonnel many of whom are overseas because
of duty assignment, and not because of per-
sonal choice. To deprive them of this small
privilege of sending a modest gift to a loved
one in the United States is an Insult to their
intelligence and creates a continuing and
unnecessary cause of resentment.
In the interest of service morale and just
plain fair treatment for those who serve in
our Armed Forces overseas, the VFW strongly
urges that the Department of Defense take
such action as is necessary to prevent the
$10 gift-mailing privilege from being taken
away from military personnel.
Sincerely,
J. D. HrrrLs.
AssrsTANT SxcarrARY or DxF#N5E,
Washington, D.C, February 8, 1963.
Brig. Gen. J. D. Hnu.x,
USMC, Retired, Director, National Security
and Foreign Affairs, Veterans of Foreign
Wars of the United States, Washington,
D.C.
Dean GxNESAL Huns: Thank you for your
views expressed In your letter of January 22.
The Department of Defense shares your
concern over the impact the Commissioner
of Customs' proposal to reduce the value of
articles which may be admitted free of duty
would have on the morale of our personnel,
and we have strongly recommended to the
Secretary of the Treasury that Department
of Defense personnel who are stationed over-
seas be exempt from this regulation.
The continued support of your organizer
tion in these matters is greatly appreciated.
Sincerely.
No=ea a S. PAUL.
SMALL BUSINESS COMMIT I'EE
FACES HEAVY WORKLOAD DUR-
ING 88TH CONGRESS
(Mr. EVINS (at the request of Mr.
ALBERT) was given permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. EVINS. Mr. Speaker, as the new
chairman of the House Small Business
Committee. I want to take this oppor-
tunity to invite the attention of the
Members to the work and the accom-
plishments of the committee during the
preceding 87th Congress. An examina-
tion of the hearings held by the com-
mittee, the reports covering those hear-
ings, and the additional reports covering
the staff's studies and the 60-odd field
investigations, will serve to demonstrate
that this committee has been on the job
and working diligently in furtherance of
the tasks and duties assigned to it by the
House.
I want to mention also that, in addi-
tion to all of the foregoing, the commit-
tee handled more than 500 small busi-
ness problems referred to the committee
by various Members of the House.
Under the chairmanship of the gentle-
man from Texas, Congressman WRIGHT
PATMAN. the House Small Business Com-
mittee, during the 87th Congress, much
was accomplished.
As the newly appointed chairman of
this committee, I want to assure the
Members of the House that the Commit-
tee will continue to work industriously
and effectively. There will be no lessen-
ing of the workload intensity of the com-
mittee's work or of the determination
and dedication of the committee to carry
out effectively its assigned mission.
There will be no lessening of the accom-
plishments of the committee.
A rather complete picture of the work
of the committee during the 87th Con-
gress can be obtained by referring to
the various recommendations set forth
in the committee's final report, which
was distributed on January 3 of this
year. This final report will show that
the committee submitted to the House
37 individual recommendations covering
small business problems in about a dozen
different fields of economic activity. To
be specific, the recommendations dealt
with small business problems associated
with antitrust, taxation, distribution, the
Small Business Administration, Govern-
ment procurement, foreign trade, tele-
vision, urban renewal, area redevelop-
ment, and the aluminum industry.
In order that the Members may have
more detailed information about these
recommendations, there is reprinted be-
low that chapter of the committee's
final report which describes and explains
each of the committee's 37 conclusions
and recommendations:
CHAPTER XIX. CONCLUSIONS AND
RECOMMENDATIONS
GENERAL
"The essence of the American economic
system of private enterprise is free competi-
tion. Only through full and free competi-
tion can free markets, free entry into busi-
ness, and opportunities for the expression and
growth of personal initiative and individual
judgment be assured. The preservation and
expansion of such competition Is basic not
only to the economic well-being but to the
security of this Nation. ' ' ' the Govern-
ment should aid, counsel, assist, and protect,
insofar as possible, the interests of small
business concerns in order to preserve free
competitive enterprise" (Small Business Act
of 1958).
At the time of its establishment, during
the opening days of the 87th Congress, the
House Small Business committee was
charged with the duty to "conduct studies
and investigations of the problems of all
types of small business." 1 Since that time,
the committee has sought out and examined
the problems of the small business sector of
the national economy. Investigation has
likewise been made of those situations and
conditions appearing to be prejudicial or
detrimental to small business.
Small business continues to suffer from a
manifold complex of. discriminations. In-
equities in the Federal tax structure, al-
though lessened to a degree by legislation
adopted during the 87th Congress, continue
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 2545
(Mr. BATTIN asked and was given
.ermission to address the House for 1
ainute and to revise and extend his re-
aarks.) -
Mr. BATTIN. .Mr. Speaker, thanks to
ne diligence of my colleague, Mr. E. Y.
;ERRY of South Dakota, we have an in-
ight into the thinking of the policy-
takers at the State Department. In
ne RECORD for February 14, 1963, at
age 2114, Congressman BERRY inserted
n official publication of the U.S. De-
artment of State concerning the House
![embers that were. elected to fill the
acancies on the Foreign Affairs Com-
-iittee. The heading on the release or
=,ory is as follows: "House GOP Names
live Conservatives To Fill Foreign Af-
airs Posts-Move Seen Increasing Op-
Iosition to Kennedy Foreign Aid Plans
-Lone Internationalist Named," The
Ificial publication leaves the impression
nat the action of the Republican Party
a the House through its committee on
nmmittees and the Republican confer-
nce is not in the best interests of the
tate Department.
At one point in the story the follow-
ig language is found:
The administration's dealings with the Re-
iablican committee members may be espe-
-ally difficult this year because of the No-
ember defeat of Representative Judd of
Finnesota, the leading House Republican
Dokesman on foreign affairs and a moderate
ho often sided with the administration.
It is noteworthy, I believe, to point out
it this time that while Representative
,add stayed on the job in Washington
-i- the fall of 1962 fighting the cause for
ne President's foreign aid program, the
-resident was in Minnesota campaign-
':g In opposition to Representative
nldd's reelection. The hearts and flow-
rs thrown to Congressman Judd at this
ite date is a shoddy way of covering up
ne actions of the administration in the
mat campaign.
The report listed by name the eight
-ew members of the committee, includ-
`ig two of our Democratic colleagues.
'he distinguished public careers of our
rolleagues need more adequate descrip-
lon than the slanted approach delivered
a the State Department's official
ublication.
Try as I have to locate the statutory
-uthority which directs the taking of a
lvil servant's time to research the back-
-round of Members of Congress to de-
ermine how they will react to a given
-ill, I have been unable to find any such
^rovision in law. I would suggest, how-
-ver, that if they would take the same
ime and use the same effort in analyzing
he background and public statements
Made by some of the leaders of foreign
cations and the representatives of these
ountries, they would have a better idea
^f the problems in the world and how
hey affect the United States. We might
=ven find we could take the lead in many
:yeas and not have to be continually on
:he defensive.
The members of the Foreign Affairs
committee, like all Members of Congress,
^ave all been elected by the voters in
heir districts and try as I have, I have
been unable to find anyone in the State
Department who presently has had the
vote of confidence of any voter in the
United States. The State Department
publication, therefore, goes far beyond
proper bounds.
I am sure that if some employees in
the State Department had their way and
could make the selections of members
to serve on the committee, they would
choose those who would never disagree
with their proposals, but fortunately
for the country this is not our system.
I noted with interest in the report that
the State Department was concerned
that "the five conservatives also are ex-
pected to oppose aid for Communist na-
tions." So that the record may be
straight and so that the researcher in the
Department of State and the author of
the official publication can sleep tonight,
I want him to know that I do not believe
that the taxpayers' money should go to
the aid of communism or the support of
communism any place in the world. I
do not labor under the illusion that
Marshal Zito will fight on the side of
the West if Russia decides he should
fight on the side of the Communist bloc
countries, nor do I have delusions about
what Mr. Khrushchev intends to do and
I will never accept the fact that Castro
is just a naughty boy or an eccentric
who does not believe in the advertising
of the Gillette Safety Razor Co.
The State Department could aid our
battle in the world and the morale of
the American people if they would adopt
a philosophy compatible to the thinking
of the American people. Should they
disagree with the people or the Congress,
all they need do is submit a simple resig-
nation.
In January we heard a lot said about
the packing of the Foreign Affairs Com-
mittee. People worried about losing the
bipartisan approach to foreign policy.
The newspaper accounts always attribu-
ted the statements to a "reliable source."
From the recent official publication, I
think the reliable source has now been
identified. I suspect that the State De-
partment would like to rewrite the defi-
nition of the word "bipartisan," which
Webster defines as "representing, or com-
posed of members of, two parties."
I for one am very happy to be able to
serve my country as an elected Repre-
sentative in Congress and a member of
the House Foreign Affairs Committee.
The members of that committee are all
hard-working people, devoted to the
cause of the United States. I have had
the opportunity of working with some of
them in the 87th Congress and find them
to be very intelligent, able, and dedi-
cated people. I do not expect them to
capitulate from their beliefs and prin-
ciples and I am sure that they could
have little respect for me if I capitu-
lated. It is controversy that makes good
legislation. It is the inquisitive mind
and dedicated people who have made
our country what it is today. As a part-
ing thought, I do not believe that a per-
son employed by the Department of
State, because of his employment, auto-
matically becomes an expert even though
they sometimes leave this impression.
-e
A NATIONAL LOTTERY
(Mr. FIND asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, for the past
10 years, I have urged Congress to wipe
out hypocrisy and accept the indisput-
able fact that the urge to gamble is deep-
ly ingrained in most human beings.
For 10 long years, I,have repeatedly
suggested that Congress recognize the
fact that the desire to gamble is a uni-
versal human trait which should be
regulated and controlled for the peo-
ple's benefit and our Treasury's wel-
fare.
Yet, Mr. Speaker, in spite of our great
reluctance to recognize and accept the
obvious, gambling in the United States
has grown into a $50 billion a year indus-
try which continues to be the chief
source of revenue for organized crime.
Mr. Speaker, I have asked Congress to
tap this tremendous source of revenue
only because it can produce over $10
billion a year in new income which could
help us cut our taxes and reduce our na-
tional debt. I have proposed a national
lottery because it is the only way we
can easily, painlessly and voluntarily
raise a tremendous amount of money
needed to give our sagging economy a
fiscal "shot in the arm." This proposal is
not a gambling bill but rather a revenue-
raising measure-it will divert gambling
revenue from the underworld into the
coffers of our own Treasury. And what
is wrong with that?
Mr. Speaker, I realize that some Mem-
bers of Congress question the morality of
gambling.. To those who consider a na-
tional lottery conducive to sin, may I
refer them to Thomas Jefferson, who
once said:
If we consider games of chance immoral,
then every pursuit of human endeavor is
immoral; for there is not a single one that is
not subject to chance, not one wherein you
do not risk a loss for the chance of some
gain.
More recently, the New York Times, in
its November 23 issue, had this to say,
editorially:
Consistency would require that, from a
moral or ethical point of view, either all
gambling should be outlawed or a carefully
regulated extension should be allowed.
Mr.- Speaker, last Tuesday, February
12, brought us further evidence of hypoc-
risy. The New York State Legislature
approved a bill to extend the racing sea-
son for an additional 26 days. Was this
extension of the racing season granted
because New York is interested in the
"improvement of breeding horses?" Of
course not. New York extended its
racing season to improve its finances.
The Governor asked for a longer racing
season in order to increase State tax
revenues by $9 million a year and help
balance his budget.
What occurred last week in New York
is certain to happen in all of the other
23 States that have parimutuel betting.
Why? Because collecting revenue from
gambling at the racetracks is the most
painless and voluntary method of raising
taxes.
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2346 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
M M. I believe the time has
come ftr us, to stpp pussyfooting and
show some g horsgsgnse by yang the
gambling; iri of the American pie
together with our Cfovernment`s per-
ate ?;ee4 for revenue. .
A natioilai I ttery would be (le most
profitable, sensible, and satisfactory solu-_
lion 'to our. (Government's need for more
revenue and the pegple's cry for tax
TO HELP CASTRO-A PARADOX
(Mr. McINTIRE asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his re-
marks, and to Include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. McINTIRE. Mr. Speaker, there
were few of us in the Congress who were
not shocked by the recent announce-
ment that the special fund of the United
Nations was going to provide Fidel Cas-
tro with a $1.2 million agricultural aid
project.
We have received assurance from sev-
eral quarters that none of the funds
used for this project would be repre-
sented by American money. However,
ofe fact that the United States pro-
vides 40 percent of the total support of
this fund.
To the extent that 1 American dol-
lar serves as a catalytic agent in this dis-
turbing exercise, in that degree is the
American taxpayer being forced to sub-
9ldize an element alien to his best
interests.
Gentlemen, I say to you that this is,
indeed, a day of paradoxes. While on
one hand wisdom calls out clearly for
American containment of a Communist
evil breeding 90 miles off the coast of
Florida, other forces move forward to use
the substance of America to nourish this
evil and make it flourish.
If this is a sari and hard-to-under-
stand story, sadder still is the fact that
this, development was conceived only
through the flagrant flaunting of the
will of the Congress.
I want to say here and now that ele-
ments of the Congress-both the Senate
and the House of Representatives-es-
tablished a legislative record which
clearly condemns any program that har-
bors the potential of assistance to the
followers of communism.
For the convenience of my colleagues,
I have documented evidence In this re-
spect, and I will, with proper permission,
Include it In the REcoea along with my
remarks.
I want, thereby, to make it abundantly
clear that this undesirable thing is upon
us not because of the Congress, but in
spite of it.
And I want to mention that I do not
stand alone in my concern, for many of
my colleagues have spoken out against
this action of the United Nations.
And speak out we must. for if we let
this matter go unattended, our silence
might very easily be incorrectly Inter-
preted as consent.
There is, of course, a principle involved
in all 9f this, but even more than that
there is the fun amentaI aspect of na
tignal security.
America has nev r turned her back
on, the 4eserving,and the needy, but she
leis always, drawn back from those who,
place the mantle of dignity on evil.
Gentlemen, I denounce this form of as-
sistance to Communist Castro as being
injurious to the best interests of our citi-
zens and our country.
If this thing comes to pass-as against
the spelled-out opposition of the Con-
gress-then we, as Americans, will be
placed in that peculiar and precarious
position where we are feeding the very
same parasite that seeks to feed on us.
Beyond the question of a doubt, the
severity of this circumstance demands an
immediate and penetrating Investigation
by a committee of this Congress.
In conclusion, Mr. Speaker, I Include
along with my remarks the article ap-
pearing February 25, 1963, in U.S. News
& World Report and an article appearing
in the Washington Star on September 5,
1962.
IFrom the U.S. News & World Report, Feb.
25, 19531
ANTIAMERICANISM UNITED BTATLS PAYS FOR
Now It appears that U.S. dollars, contribu-
ted to the U.N-
Have been used to published pro-Soviet
propaganda;
Have been spent to improve Congo's Image
In United States.
Reaction: an angry outburst in the U.S.
Congress.
American taxpayers suddenly find that
they are scheduled to begin helping Fidel
Castro's Cuba. through the U.N.
Taxpayers are discovering, too, that they
already have helped finance a booklet, pre-
pared by the United Nations, that attacks
capitalist countries and strongly praises the
Soviet Union.
These developments created an angry re-
action in Congress and brought at least one
demand that the United States consider with-
drawing from the United Nations.
What happened was this:
1. The U.N. Food and Agriculture Organ-
ization (FAO) announced It would spend
$1,150,000 In various currencies to help Fidel
Castro solve Cuba's agricultural problems.
The program Is to be financed by the
U.N. Special Fund. for which the United
States puts up 40 percent of the cash.
President Kennedy told his February 14
news conference that no U.S. money will go
Into the Cuba project, but Members of Con-
gress promptly disagreed.
Said Representative Orro E. PASSMAN,
Democrat, of Alabama: "It does come out of
our money. We provide 40 percent of the
funds ? ? ? and the money loses Its idea-
Uty when it goes In."
Representative JOHN S. MOHAGAN, a Con-
necticut Democrat, said: "This country will
be making an indirect contribution to this
project."
Representative T. A. THOMPSON, Democrat,
of Louisiana, said the United States had been
"gratuitously Insulted," and Senator Mn.-
wAan SnersoN, Republican, of Wyoming. de-
clared: "It is time for the United States to
seriously reconsider Its membership in the
world body "
The FAO project is regarded as a test of
U.S. reaction to such projects. The worry
in Congress was that U.S. acoeptance of
the PAO's Cuba deal would lead to other
and larger investments. ' '
February 21
Managing director of the U.N. Special
Fund, which is to hire FAO to aid Red Cuba,
is an American former industrialist, Paul G.
Hoffman. The go-ahead for the Cuban proj-
ect was announced by W. Hoffman, who said
that it has his permission.
2. A report praising Communist Russia In
connection with colonialism was issued by
the United Nations Educational, Scientific,
and Cultural Organization-UNESCO.
American taxpayers put up 31.5 percent of
the money to support that organization.
Russia, which ducks many of the heavy
assessments levied by the U.N., contributes
about 15 percent of the funds of UNESCO.
The report on colonialism was prepared by
two Russian citizens. It lauds Russia as the
great friend and benefactor of onetime colo-
nial areas. The booklet Is printed in English
and French, distributed free to many organi-
zations, and sells for $1.50 at U.N. bookstores.
The phamphlet, entitled "Equality of
Rights Between Races and Nationalities in
the U.S.S.R.," Is by I. P. Tsamerian and S. L.
Ronin, and has been published by UNESCO
in the Netherlands.
The UNESCO document, among other
things, says this:
"The unequal treatment of nationalities,
colonialist oppression and discrimination on
grounds of race or nationality, which still
characterize a number of capitalist countries
today, are to be explained by the political
and social system prevailing in those coun-
tries."
The report adds that "the successful es-
tablishment of full equality of rights be-
tween races and nationalities in the U.S.S.R."
was "one of the major social triumphs of our
day.,,
Then the Russian writers tell how "in 1940
the Soviet regime was restored in Latvia,
Lithuania, and Estonia, which voluntarily
joined the Soviet Union."
The U.S. Department of State, which puts
up the money for this U.N. body on behalf
of American taxpayers, issued a statement
on February 13, in which it said that it had
otdcially opposed the move to aid Castro and
had protested the UNESCO action in pub-
lishing Communist propaganda.
But State Department officials then ex-
pressed themselves as being unable to resist
successfully the actions approved by other
countries in these groups.
CONGRESSMEN ANNOYED
In Congress, there were prompt protests by
important Members, both Democrats and Re- -
publicans. The point was made that there
is no requirement that the United States
put up money to finance projects of this type.
The result-a dual Communist victory,
still not halted, financed through the United
Nations-and Involving American dollars.
3. Taxpayers in the United States, mean-
while, were able to learn of another use to
which their money, donated to the United
Nations, actually is being put.
Reports revealed by the Department of
Justice show that American taxpayers helped
to put up $200,000 or more-through the
UN.-which was spent in the United States
to "Improve the image" of the central Gov-
ernment of the Congo.
V.S. PEOPLE SHELL OUT
The Congo operation of the United Na-
tions has coat Americans, over all, about
$200 million, the lion's share of a major
military move.
The $200,000 was for propaganda pur-
poses, directed at the American people. It
took on importance from the fact that the
U.S. Department of State had moved to
deport a man who spent half as much-or
$100,000-to tell the opposition story, that
of Katanga Province.
High officials, It developed, had objected
to the viewpoints expressed in favor of Ka-
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tangs wilen Its dispute with the central If we are going to make use of agriculture
government was active, and food abundance and bring some ration- U.S. resources might be channeled into
The "image" that is suffering in the United ale to agriculture, I think the experience Communist hands.
States, as a consequence of all this, is that learned in trying to have a kind of interna- I, therefore, questioned the depart-
of the United Nations-where some outlays tional of multinational food for peace opera- mental witnesses to develop clearly the
of U.S. dollars, coming to light now, are tion can be extremely useful through this legislative intent that the Rome commit-
bringing congressional tempers to a boil. medium, because we will be able to get other ment was contingent on congressional
[From the Washington Star, Sept. 5, 1962] haveohappilyashould d in se king toahe p thato secondlya or Communist countriess
FREEMAN PLEDGES $50 MILLION To, U.N.. FOOD the developing nations. would benefit under any such arrange-
PLAN The proposed language of H.R. 10010 ment.
UNITED NATIONS, N.Y.-Agriculture secre- is as follows: At pages 382 and 383 of the printed
tart' Freeman pledged $50 million today in hearings, serial AA, part 2, I developed
American food and cash. toward a $100 mil- SEC. 203. A new title V is added at the end
lion United Nations world food program. of the Agricultural Trade Development and these points as follows:
Mr.: Freeman made the offer at a conference Assistance Act of 1954, as amended, as Mr. McINTnaE. The other point Is in title
at which other nations also offered pledges follows: 5, and what you are proposing here, as you
of assistance to the program being developed "TITLE V-MULTILATERAL FOOD PROGRAMS tell us in your statement, is that we have
by the United Nations Food and Agriculture "Sac. 501. The ur already engaged in a conversation, and we
Organization. The fogd would be used to p pose of this title is to are now in the process of committing our-
utilize surplus agricultural commodities pro- selves to this proposition, at least in mem-
help feed the world's hungry. duced In the United States in Programs of
The Secretary told the conference that orandums,
fulfill that without commitment unless t this
U.S. participation in this program would ance, and special feeding carried out through amendment is offered, is that right?
supplement and not replace American help the United Nations system or other inter-
to the hungry through this country's food- governmental organizations. The USDA witness replied:
for-peace program. "SEC. 502. In furtherance of the foregoing I would say this that what we have done
The U.S. pledge included $40 million worth purpose, the President is authorized to ne- is to develop a tentative program, which in
of food, $10 million in cash, and ocean trans- gotiate and carry out agreements with such the case of each country would be subject
portation service on U.S. vessels. intergovernmental organizations to provide to authorization by the appropriate legisla-
Mr. Freeman said the types and amounts for the transfer on a grant basis of surplus tive body of that country, so that in this
of U.S. foods to be donated to the world agricultural commodities from stocks of the case it's been made clear that the United
program will be determined later. Commodity Credit Corporation or from pri- States offer to participate is subject to au-
KENNEDY ADMINISTRATION NOT FOLLQWINq vate stocks of the Commodity Credit Cor- thorization by the Congress.
CONGRESSIONAL INTENT ON FAO AID TO CUBA poration or from private stocks procured by
Mr. Speaker, this week's issue of U.S. the Corporation for the purposes of this I continued my question, as follows:
co a very s Issue o U S. title, to such organizations for use in pro- Yes, but we are actually negotiating?
News & World Report k
timely and appropriate article entitled grams of economic development, emergency
assistance, and special feeding. The Department witness replied:
"Anti-Americanism United States Pays "SEc. 503. In entering into such agree- Hoping that Congress will authorize.
For." ments the President shall secure commit-
One of the most glaring and flagrant ments from such international organizations I continued by asking:
examples of this anti-American aid, that reasonable precautions will be taken to Approve a memorandum agreement which
which is being paid for by the U.S. tax- assure that agricultural commodities utilized is not now a commitment, because with-
'payer is seen in the recent action taken in the program shall not displace or Inter- out statutory authority at the present time
l Cuba be the heod and Agricutural fore with sales of agricultural commodities there can be no fulfillment of that memo-
Organization-FAO-of the United Na- produced in the United States. randum agreement?
tions. As pointed out by U.S. News & "SEc. 504. For the purpose of carrying out The Department witness answered:
agreements entered Into by the President un- I would have to put it this way: what we
World Report, FAO announced it would der this title, Commodity Credit Corporation
spend $1,150,000 in various currencies to is authorized to make available surplus are doing is to explore, we are engaged in
explm
raftrprogr and in the deveown ext c a
help Fidel Castro solve Cuba's agricul- agricultural commodities either from its d
tural problems. This result, Mr. Speaker, stocks or by procurement from private stocks, drat program and making known explicitly
iS Completely and entirely inconsistent and to pay with respect to commodities made an that any hoc arrangement arrangement that which is developed i-
with the tlylative intent of Congress coas available hereunder, in addition to the cost a could not ri-
of procurement of commodities from private came effective until congressional autho-
manifested in last year's farm bill, the stocks, the cost of processing, packaging, zation.
Food and Agricultural Act of 1962, and transportation, handling, and other charges I concluded this part of the question-
it never should have happened. up to the time of their delivery free along- ing with this comment:
In November, 1961, Secretary of Agri- side ship or free on board export carrier at Now, then, we are in this situation to the
culture Freeman, appearing at the FAO point of export: Provided, That after June 30, eements
ndersta Conference in Rome, Italy, pledged,the 1963, the Commodity Credit Corporation ings, adhhoc,horeanything you or uant to call
shall not incur any costs in carrying out Y they want is call
U.S. Government's support in both food this title unless the Corporation has re- them, tt the extent that they are pthe Con-
and funds for a multinational program ceived funds to cover such costs from ap- ing in them, the deny the burden rests
authority the Con-
and aid underdeveloped nations. propriations made to carry out the purposes which t these either de be ulgted under
the ut or fulfill.
of this title. the obligation by could granting
At that time Mr. Freeman did not have an endorsement by nor a directive from "SEc. 505. There are hereby authorized to the authorityCongress which for - an endor, went by many years has o be appropriated such sums as may be neces- The departmental witness then said:
sary to carry out the purposes of this title, I think that is right, sir.
-fused to commit the United States to a and such amounts as may be necessary to
World Food Bank program, reimburse the Commodity Credit Corpora- Mr. Speaker, it should be abundantly
In order to fulfill his promise at the tion for all costs incurred by it hereunder clear what the understanding of the
Rome meeting, Secretary Freeman rec- including Corporation's investment in com- committee was in regard to the new title
ommended to Congress-in H.R. 10010 modities made available from its stocks." V
and S. 2786-a new title V to Public Law Mr. Speaker, the Committee on Agri- The committee did understand the
480. This title of the administration's culture considered this proposal very situation and the committee did reject
_1962 farm bill would have given the Sec carefully and debated its merits thor- completely the whole proposal. So did
retary specific authority to participate oughly. During the course of the hear- the Senate committee and, as a result,
:tn the Rome agreement. ings, I had the opportunity to question there was not one word of authority in
In his appearance before the House representatives of the Foreign Agricul- Public Law 703 of the 87th Congress-
Committee on Agriculture on February tural Service of USDA on the intent and the Food and Agriculture Act of 1962-
7, 1962, Mr. Freeman said at page 48 of purpose of this particular provision. or in any of the committee reports or de-
the printed hearing, serial AA, part 1: Many of us on the committee feared bate to indicate in any way the approval
May I deviate from my prepared statement that if the United States surrendered the of Congress for this international com-
to say that I think an encouraging beginning control of our funds and food to an in- mitment.
an be seen in the pilot program that we con- ternational body that was responsive to As to the second point concerning the
sidered with FAO in Rome last fall. ? ? ? neutral and Communist bloc sentiments, ultimate destination of commodities and
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 I lug
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE FebPwry 21
aids into Communis lla ids, Y asked
I rg,pd5tioiiss:
he, Tnlyy *e a" an aware of the
I reCoriig!eiidatlons of many in interna-
tional affairs for Red China to be In the
U.N. If this came about, there would be
s1 hing to prevent, as far as we are con-
sxlnK as a lliperUW member of the UN.,
Ov!funding up tb whatever the statute per-
mits for a program of feeding into Commu-
nist countries. And just from the stand-
point of the real provisions in the lacy. I hope
you could answer whether or not this is
legally possible?
The USDA witness replied:
Well, there is no provision In this law
that indicates to which destination com-
modities could to ? ' ' but I think I can
saeure you without ciiuedttdn today that
there would be no intention of permitting
aua of the food under it program or this kind
to go to Red China.
I then made this comment:
Well, let me just make a further obser-
vation. Do you think your Intentions or
mine Would be controlling?
The USDA witness then said :
Well, I certainly think that If this pro-
gram were in operation today, assuming the
bill was passed and the authorization was
made available, I am certain that in the in-
ternational agreement that to finally written
that the United States would reserve the
right to restrict shipments to certain desti-
nations of the world.
Mr. Speaker, this raises some very im-
portant questions. For instance, what
about Cuba should not shipments to
that the Secretary of Agriculture explain
fully to the Congress and the American
people how U.S. funds and food can be
used, even Indirectly, to benefit the likes
of Fidel Castro.
BETANCOURT REVISITED
(Mr. ASHBROOK asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I
think it is only fair that we hear both
sides of the story regarding the erstwhile
Venezuelan leader, Betancourt. Mr.
Harold Lord Varney, president of the
Committee On Pan-American Policy de-
livered an address at a seminar conduct-
ed by the conservative coalition here in
Washington on January 31 of this year.
It represents a strong statement of
opinion and fact on the other side of
the Betancourt coin. The address fol-
lows:
I want to start out by saying a few words
about the latest Cuba events. The Cuba
debate has deteriorated into a "who said it?"
contest. Attorney General Kennedy says that
the United States didn't promise air coverage
to the Bay of Pigs Invaders. President Ken-
nedy backs him up in his press conference.
One thousand and one hundred Bay of Pigs
Invaders, minus one man who sustains the
Kennedy position. say that they were prom-
ised air coverage.
and the proofs of signed-up Communist
Party membership. World communism is
winning stupendous victories in Asia, in Af-
rica and In Latin America, and we don't
even recognize them because the winners are
not openly labeled "Communist Party."
This blindness is not restricted to the lay-
men. It is a blindness which exists appal-
lingly in the press, on the air waves, In the
security organizations of the Government,
and even in the sacred precincts of the Na-
tional Security Council which advises the
President on his foreign decisions. No won-
der we have been wrong on Castro. For
over a year after his triumph, the wise men
in Washington and in the radio and TV
commentator's booths were so busy trying to
prove that they were right in declaring that
Castro was not a Communist, that Nikita
Khrushchev had already been installed im-
movable in Cuba before our "experts" had
come out of their trance.
Some of us who have been fighting this
evil thing for three decades or more have
finally learned to recognize a Commie, no
matter what kind of a beard or a mustache
he may be wearing. But the Johnnie-come-
latelles in the anti-Communist movement
are almost invariably slaves to labels, and
disguises. They are fearfully conscious of
the peril of the communism which emanates
from the Kremlin or from vocal organs of
Nikita Khrushchev. But beyond this open
and perceptible communism which conspic-
uously rears the Communist name, most of
them are naively unaware of the great surg-
ing tide of communism which is mounting
triumphantly in all world areas and which
masks itself under the names of "social de-
mocracy," "socialism," "peace," "liberalism,"
and similar cognomens. Today, probably
test with the President of the United States. two-thirds of the Important communist work
if he says he didn't promise it, his word Is is being done by such Trojan-horse move-
Cuba be stopped? Why did not the good enough for me. But if such air cover- meats probably two-thirds of the people
Kennedy administration restrict ship- age was not promised. where does that leave who are consciously working for communism
us? President Kennedy does not better his have dropped the identifying Communist
Iilents to Cuba when it went ahead and own image because, by all the rules of war name and are operating under some unsus-
joined the FAO pact without congres- and humanity, he should have promised ported label. And it is a commentary on the
sional approval? These are vital ques- such coverage, and delivered it. What kind wisdom of the Rostows, the Schlesingers, the
bons which must be answered. of a picture of the great United States does Bundys and Hubert Humphreys, who are
On September 5, 1962, the U.S. Depart- that imprint? We induce 1,300 brave men showering their advice about communism
ffieiit of Agriculture announced that the to invade Cuba at risk of their lives in an upon the President, that they wouldn't rec-
United States would participate in the operation which we should have done our- ogntze most of these Trojan horses as Com-
'$AO project by pledging $40 million selves, and then, after dumping them on muniste if they met them walking down
the beaches In the firm belief that they will the atreet. They would be most likely to
Worth of food and $10 million In Cash be supported. we do a Pontius Pilate act and hail them cordially and heartily as brother
to a $100 million U.N. world food leave them to their fate. Let's be honest anti-Communiste.
program. and stop making excuses for ourselves. We Let me elaborate on this point a little
The senior Senator from Iowa [Mr. walked out on the Cuban invaders, when further. The policy of the Trojan horse,
$ICKENLOOPERl protested this action at they could have won. We flinched before the policy of planting Communist infiltrators
the time, but the administration con- Fidel Castro when we could have destroyed in nonparty organizations and working be-
him. This is a record of shame which every hind unsuspected liberal fronts, was inaug-
tended that It had now found residual American citizen must carry into the future, urated by avow on a grand scale in the
Suthority In the law to enter Into this It Is a record which will not soon be for- 1930'x. It had a striking success in the
weement, and that specific authority gotten by the Latin Americans who want to United States during the Hiss era and after
as requested in the farm bill was not be our friends, but who also want to re- World War II. It was employed brilliantly
really needed. apect us. In Latin America under such leaders as
Senator HICKENLOOPER'S comment was But I am not going to consume my time Cardenas, Lombardo Toledano, Hays, de
most appropriate when he said at page this morning with postmortems about the In Torre, Betancourt, and Arevalo.
1786$ of the RECORD of September 6, Bay of Pigs. I think we will learn nothing What the Sehlesingers, the Rostows and
from our Cuba experience if we do not rec- the Series don't seem to grasp is that the
1962: ognize that Cuba is only one sector in a trojan horse technique has never been
I think this is the first step In relinquish- hemispheric life-and-death struggle which liquidated in Latin America. It is a
ng V.S. control of our agricultural com- we are now waging with communism. It is a weapon which Is rated by Khrushchev as
modities. In my estimation, this is the first vital sector, but it has meaning only If we high as outright Castroism. Today, al-
step toward giving the Communists under see it against the livid background of an though the spotlight is on Castro and his
the domination of the Soviet Union an equal all-America struggle which we are losing out-in-the-open communism, the main show
share as to the operation of our so-called in Brazil, in Venezuela, in Bolivia, in the in Latin America is the nonparty communism
food-for-peace program. Iraiss the question Dominican Republic, in British Guiana and which, under "Liberal" and "Democratic"
again-If the Secretary had the authority in Ecuador-just as we are losing it in Cuba. labels is sweeping on from victory to victory
under Public Law 480? then why did he ask And the cause of our lose, I attribute to the in one country after another.
the Congress to give It to him in 1962? almost incredible Ignorance on the part of This Is a communism which you won't
The utter disregard of the Intent of most of the American people, of the very read about In the self-styled anti-Commu-
Congress in this grant of aid to Commu- nature of the light which communism is nist books of R. J. Alexander, Daniel James,
waging against us in the Western Hem!- or Jules Dubois. Its existence remains a
flirt Cuba should not be tolerated, Mr. sphere. dark, deep mystery to Ted Szulc? Jack Kofoed,
Speaker. I most sincerely and em- The great paradox of our struggle against or Herbert Matthews--our tspecialists. i nut ew -
phatically urge that the Foreign Agricul- communism is that the overwhelming ma- paper
tural Operations Subcommittee of the Mty m Americans don't even recognize or the deadliest Communist threat in the
time-
all the unless
his to confront the United
regalia table of bold plans It
this Its mediate aCttention and comes to us bedizened with enemy
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