CUBA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230004-3
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 14
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 4, 2004
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: October 10, 1962
• Content Type: OPEN

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October 10, 1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
introduced these two great English-speak- (c) Any, property acquired by the Com-
ing nations to a period of one hundred and mission remaining upon termination of the
fifty years of permanent peace and mutual celebration may be used by the Secretary
respect along an unfortified three-thousand- of Interior for purposes disposed the efn as atioonnal
mile common boundary; Path system or may . Whereas this struggle resulted in memo- plus property. The net revenues, after pay-
rializing the principle of international peace ment of Commission expenses, derived from
by arbitration and disarmament and lasting the missiory activities,
the United shall Sbe deposited in
peace among nations;
Whereas the enduring results of this con- S5.' There
neces-
such sums as moor zed to be
flict have cemented more strongly the cul- appropriated
but in no the provisions v hh of this
tural and economic ties which exist between sary ttoesolut carry out
Canada and the United States as a demon- joint
stration of peace and good will in a world sums a total of authorized to be appropriated
today fraugh with unrest and fear: There-exceed fore be it The SPEAKER. The Clerk will report
e of Rep- the committee amendments.
Resolved by th mate and es H
sentatngrof the IN , States of America The Clerk read as follows:
in Congress assemb That (a) there is
hereby established a co fission to be known Amendment No. 1: On page 4, line 2, strike
as the "Battle of Lake Er Sesquicentennial the period after "functions" and insert:
Celebration Commission" ereinafter re- "Provided, however, That no employee whose
ferred to as the "Commisseo ' which shall position would be subject to the Classifica-
be composed of thirteen membe as follows: tion Act of 1949, as amended, if said Act
(1) Four members who shall Members were applicable to such position, shall be
of the Senate, to be appointed by e Presi- paid a salary at a rate in excess of the rate
dent of the Senate (two of whom all be payable under such Act for positions of
from the State of Ohio) ; equivalent difficulty or responsibility. Such
(2) Four members who shall be Me ers rates of compensation may be adopted by the
of the House of Representatives, to be - Commission as may be authorized by the
pointed by the Speaker of the House Classification Act of 1949, as amended, as
Representatives (two of whom shall be from of the same date such rates are authorized
the State of Ohio) ; for positions subject to said Act. The Coln-
(3) One representative of the Department fission shall make adequate provision for
of the Interior who shall be designated by a inistrative review of any determination
the Secretary of the Interior and who shall to ismiss any employee."
serve as executive officer of the Commis- A endment No. 2: On page 4, lines 10 and
sion; and 11, st a the following: ", without'regard to
(4) Four members to be appointed by the la and procedures applicable to Fed-
the President of the United States. eral ageries,",
(b) The President shall, at the time of Amend ent No. 3: On page 4, line 15,
appointment, designate one of the mem- strike the riod after the word "resolution"
bers appointed by.him to serve as Chair- and insert: rovided, houfever, That all ex-
man. The members of the Commission penditures of a Commission shall be made
shall receive no salary. from donated fds only."
(c), Any vacancy in the Commission shall Amendment 4: On page 5 at the end
not affect its powers, but shall be filled in of SEC. 4, add the l1owing new subsection:
the same manner in which the original ap- "(d) Mail matt ent by the Commission
pointment was made. as penalty mail 9r frVked mail shall be ac-
SEC. 2. The functions of the Commission cepted for mailgubject o section 4156 of title
shall be to develop and to execute suitable 39, United St s Code, amended."
plans for the celebration, in 1963, of the Amendme t No. 5: OrNpage 5 strike the
one hundred and,fiftieth anniversary of the language yn lines 8, 9, 10, i''id 11.
Battle of Lake Erie. The ,committee amendments were
SEC. 3. The Commission may employ, N
21781-
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. HECHLER. Mr. Speaker, on a
number of occasions during the years
1959 and 1960, I took the floor to point
out the way in which the State of West
Virginia was being shortchanged in de-
fense installations, military contracts,
and other projects of the Federal Gov-
ernment. With the largest percentage of
its population enlisted in the Korean
conflict, and also the largest number of
killed and wounded in proportion to
population of any State in the Union,
it could properly be stated that West
Virginia was first in war, first in peace,
and last in the hearts of the Pentagon.
West Virginia, which ranked 46th in
the Nation-near the bottom of the
heap-in per capita amount of military
prime contracts in the last year of the
Eisenhower administration, now ranks.
30th in the Nation under President Ken-
nedy. For the fiscal year 1960, the total
amount of prime military contracts
awarded by the Department of Defense
amounted to $36,098,000, while the fig-
ures for the fiscal year 1962 showed
$133,782,000 for West Virginia. I have
asked the Legislative Reference Service
to prepare a ranking of the States on the
per capita amount of military prime
contracts. When these figures are re-
lated to population of each State, com-
parisons are more meaningful.
The Legislative Reference Service re-
ports that $19.51 per person was spent in
West Virginia in the fiscal year 1960 in
prime military contracts awarded by
the Department of Defense. For the
fiscal year 1962, this figure has rocketed
to $72.31-an increase of 370 percent.
Mr. Speaker, this is a dramatic illus-
tration of the fact that West Virginia
is no longer being shortchanged and that
President Kennedy is fulfilling his cam-
paign pledges to West Virginia.
without regard to the civil service laws or agreed w.
the Classification Act of 1949, such em- The resolution was ordere to be read AQUARIUM AND RESEARCH CENTER
d ti
me,
ployees as may be necessary in carrying out a lard time, was read the t}r
its functions. 4 d passed, and a motion to reconsider
SEC. 4. (a) The Commission is authorized was laid on the table.
to accept donations of money, property, or
personal services; to cooperate with agen /
ties of State and local governments, wi CORRECTION OF RECORD
patriotic and historical societies and w th
institutions of learning; and to call on Mr. RYAN of New York. Mr. Speak
other Federal departments or agenci for er, I ask, unanimous consent that the
their advice and assistance in cag out permanent RECORD be corrected for
the purposes of this joint resol. The October 4, 1962. On page 21169 in the
Commission, to such extent as nds}to m iddle column, the first line of the
laws and nd procedures ?. - applicabl-g-- -- - fourth paragraph or my rezissuab 151 eel'-
la~' to Federal
agencies, procure supplies, services, and port of S. 1123 should read, "In addition,
property and make contras and may ex- there are no regulations to" inserting
ercise those dowers that Are necessary to the word "no". And in the third col-
enable it to carry out a iently and in the umn, the first two lines of the second
public interest the pu oses of this joint paragraph should read "To those chil-
resolution. dren and employers removed from the
(b) Expenditures f the Commission shall exemption by this bill," changing the
be paid by the ex utive officer the Com-
mission, word "removal" to "removed".
f scwho s Il keep n complete records
of such expen ores and who shall account The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
for all funds received by the commission. the request of the gentleman from New
A report of he activities of the Commission, York?
including, an accounting of funds received There was no objection.
and expended, shall be furnished by the
Commission to the Congress"within one year
following the termination of the celebra-
n
1 tL
o
tion as prescribed by this joint reso
The Commission shall terminate upon sub- (Mr. HECHLER asked and was given
mission of its report to the Congress. permission to address the House for 1
(Mr. KIRWAN asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute.)
Mr. KIRWAN. Mr. Speaker,- in to-
day's RECORD you who voted for the
aquarium and research center here in
;Washington will find an article that will
of much value to you when you go
ho e. It is an article written by the
sma est man in the country on fish, U.S.
Senat BENJAMIN SMITH, of Massachu-
setts. a tells you how low we have
fallen in esearch. We are fifth in the
world in t matter of knowledge about
fish. Peru ahead of us with more
boats and mo\e knowledge. Red China,
Japan, and Russia are ahead of us. We
are fifth. ~
This article weir published in the New
York times last ',Sunday. Those who
voted for the aql rium and research
provision will find there the answer to
most of the questions that can be asked
on the subject. Take 'it home with you
and you will know how low we have
dropped in an industry that once brought
us many millions of dollars. Now we are
only fifth.
No. 186-11
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-21782 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
My advice to you before you leave here
is to take a copy of today's RECORD with
you. Then you can tell the people what
a good job you have done for them.
CUBA
(Mr. CRAMER asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, I read in
the press that supersecret negotiations
are going on In Havana, Cuba, to my
amazement and shock between a Mr.
Donovan, who happens to be a candidate
for the U:S. Senate, and Fidel Castro for
the release of Cuban prisoners to result
In turning $60 million to Castro largely
in foodstuffs-thus permitting Castro to
overcome his food mistakes and the New
Frontier to try to apologize for its Bay
of Pigs mistakes.
I have sent a wire to the President, the
Secretary of Defense, and the Comp-
troller General of the United States, ask-
ing the following questions:
1. What authority exists for anyone to
negotiate for payment in U.B. Government
owned foodstuffs to Castro and the Com-
munists?
2. How much in U.S.-owned foodstuffs and
other things of value are being made avail-
able for this purpose?
3. What right does Donovan or any other
private citizen have to negotiate with Castro
and an enemy government?
4. If Donovan is negotiating on behalf of
private citizens only, what right does he have
under the Logan Act to do so, let alone a
violation of recent policy statement of the
Congress? Does not his visit to Cuba re-
quire Government approval?
5. If Donovan is negotiating in a manner
that obligates the U.S. Government to make
up the difference between contributions and
the 460 million demanded, is he doing so as
an agent of the U.S. Government?
6. Why hasnota full disclosure of all the
facts been made before the deal is closed
between Castro and Donovan?
I add this following question:
According to the Department of State's
reply to me by Frederick G. Dutton, As-
sistant Secretary, March 10, 1962, when
I asked for the recognition of a free
non-Communist government-in-exile be
made, he said:
There are, as you know, a number of U.B.
citizens who still reside In Cuba. The Swiss
are trying to assist them, Including some
who are in prison.
Why are not actions being taken to get
American citizens out of prison In Cuba?
I include the entire letter of March 10
as a masterpiece of doubletalk, wishy-
washy "accommodation" policies on
Cuba following my wire yesterday to the
President, Secretary of State, and the
Comptroller General, protesting this
effort to strengthen Castro and Cuba:
DEPARTMENT OF STATE,
Washington, D.C., March 10, 1962.
Hon. WILLIAM C. CRAMER,
House of Representatives.
DEAR MR. CRAMER: The Department has
been requested to reply to your telegram of
February 3, 1962 to the President in which
you expressed your concern over the plight
of the Tampa cigar industry resulting from
the embargo on trade with Cuba and in
which you urged that additional steps be
undertaken designed to effect the downfall
of the Castro regime.
You may be assured that in recommending
that an embargo be Imposed upon trade
with Cuba, the Department carefull consid-
ered the Impact this measure might have
upon the domestic tobacco industry. In the
light of the decisions taken at the recent
meeting of Foreign Ministers at Punta del
Este with respect to the Communist Castro
threat to the hemisphere and considering
that the Communist Cuban Government was
continuing to earn dollars through sales of
Its products in the United States, it was
determined that such an embargo would be
both timely, and in the overall national Inter-
est. The Department is confident that the
patriotic citizens of the Tampa area com-
prehend the desirability of depriving the
Communist regime of Cuba of badly needed
dollar income.
The Department appreciates receiving sug-
gestions which may advance our policy with
respect to Cuba. Your recommendations
have been particularly welcome and the
courses of action you advocate have re-
ceived and will continue to receive most
careful consideration based upon our na-
tional Interests, including our International
obligations and commitments.
The Deparment is pleased to take this
opportunity to comment on the various pro-
posals you have made.
RECOGNITION AND SUPPORT OF A CUBAN GOV-
ERNMENT IN EXILE
The recognition of a Government of Cuba
In exile at this time is not In the national
interest of the United States because neither
the Government of Switzerland nor any other
government could then represent U.S.Inter-
ests before the Castro regime. Were a gov-
ernment-in-exile formed, and should the
United States recognize such a government,
the United States would have to look to that
government and not the Castro government
for the fulfillment of Cuban obligations. In
addition, there are, as you know, a number
of U.S. citizens who still reside In Cuba. The
Swiss are trying to assist them, including
some who are In prison and who can only
be reached through the efforts of the Swiss
Embassy in Havana.
PREVENTION OF THE SHIPMENT OF WAR MATE-
RIEL BY THE SINO-SOVIET BLOC TO CUBA
Underlying an announcement, such as you
suggest, that the United States will not per-
mit the shipment of war materiel to Cuba
by the Sino-Soviet bloc Is, of course, the in-
tention to Insure that the terms of the
announcement are fulfilled. Effective pre-
vention of these shipments may entail inter-
ference with shipping on the high sees, ex-
pose the United States and its allies to recip-
rocal treatment, and thus exacerbate the
already tense international situation. You
may be assured, however, that close atten-
tion is being paid to the military buildup
In Cuba, with special reference to the grow-
Ing Cuban potential for intervention and
subversion in Latin America-
PAYROLL AT GUANTANAMO BASE
The Department of the Navy has informed
the Department of State that the Cuban na-
tionals employed at the base are for the most
part skilled workers who have given.long
and faithful service to the United States,
Most of them have U.S. civil service status
and represent families who have worked for
the naval base for several generations. Like
other employees of the base, they are paid
In U.S. currency.
When consideration was given to paying
these employees In Cuban pesos in order to
avoid supplying the Communist Cuban Gov-
ernment with foreign exchange, it was de-
termined that this plan would not benefit
the United States. The pow introduced by
the Castro regime In August 1961 has been
October 10
rejected by free world traders as a medium
of international exchange, and Cuban pesos
are unobtainable outside Cuba. Therefore,
In order to obtain pesos to pay the Cuban
employees of the base, Guantanamo officials
would have to purchase pesos from the Na-
tional Bank of Cuba for the whole amount
of the base payroll for Cuban nationals at
the official exchange rate ret by the Cuban
Government at 1 peso for 1 dollar.
Since approximately 1,100 of the 3,150 Cuban
nationals employed at the base now reside
on the base, only a small portion of the
dollar wages presently paid that group re-
turns to the Cuban economy. Thus, fewer
dollars are supplied the Castro regime under
the present payment procedure than would
be the case under the alternative of pay-
ment In Cuban currency.
AID TO LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES UNDER THE
ALLIANCE FOR PROGRESS PROGRAM
As you know, the Alliance for Progress is
a 10-year program of mutual cooperation
among the American Republics, from which
Cuba has been excluded. The contribution
of effort and resources 'which the Latin
American Republica are expected to make
will outweigh by far the contribution of
capital which they will receive from the
United States and other sources. A number
of the Latin American countries are con-
fronted with serious domestic political prob-
lems which stem in part from the inroads
made by Castro-Communists and other ex-
tremist elements. To contain and overcome
such threats to their stability, the govern-
ments 'of these nations require our aid to
improve the political, economic, and social
climate In their respective countries so that
orderly progress may be made within a demo-
cratic framework. To withhold our assist-
ance would in many instances further weaken
the very nations that for the abgye-men-
tioned reasons find that it is politicdlly un-
feasible at this time to undertake steps, such
as sanctions, against the Communist Cuban
Government.
AID TO COMMUNIST COUNTRIES
The United States extends assistance. to
two Communist countries, Poland and Yugo-
slavia. However, this aid is in no way
channeled to Cuba or to any third country.
The recent press report that one of the Yugo-
slav freighters carrying jet aircraft pur-
chased in the United States stopped at Ha-
bana for 5 days "under a complete blackout"
is unfounded. Reliable and verified infor-
mation avanable to this Government indi-
cates conclusively that none of the Yugoslav
ships carrying these planes touched Cuba.
In this connection I am enclosing for con-
venient reference a copy of Secretary Rusk's
statement before the Select Committee on
Export Control of the House of Representa-
tives.
The Department sympathizes with the
plight of the cigar industry employees at
Tampa. At the Department's request, the
Department of Labor has provided the fol-
lowing information with respect to the im-
pact of the embargo In that area and the
steps that have been taken to date by that
Department:
Immediately upon announcement of the
ban on Cuban Imports the Secretary of Labor
dispatched a representative of the U.S. Em-
ployment Service to Tampa to investigate
the effects on employment of the embargo
on Cuban tobacco. The area's labor force
amounts to about 290,000 with about 3,800
engaged in the tobacco industry in Tampa.
Local estimates indicate the supply of to-
bacco on hand is adequate for another 6 to
12 months of normal operations. This has
been substantiated by Mr. James Corral,
president of the Cigar Manufacturers Asso-
ciation,
As you may know, there is a special pro-
vision in the Florida Unemployment Insur-
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1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 21783
ance law which provides for a uniform bene-
fit year beginning in May for cigarworkers
in Hillsborough County (Tampa). This pre-
serves and makes usable workers' wage
credits prior to their layoff for a longer pe-
riod of time.
Only three plants in the area use 100 per-
cent Habana tobacco. The Secretary of La-
bor is keeping currently Informed on the
developments in this area and has taken
steps to gather pertinent information to de-
termine the magnitude of the problem and to
accelerate the activity of the local public
employment office in developing job oppor-
tunities for those individuals who may be
affected by this action. Public employment
officials in the Tampa area are also working
with State and local government officials to
develop plans to maintain employment sta-
bility in the industry and to provide job
opportunities for unemployed workers,
Please call on us if we can be of any fur-
ther assistance to you.
Sincerely yours,
FREDERICK G. DUTTON,
Assistant Secretary.
The Honorable .TORN F. KENNEDY,
President of the United States,
The White House, Washington, D.C.:
Regarding $60 million foodstuffs and
medicine exchange as ransom for Cuban
prisoners, which by all news reports is to in-
clude U.S.-owned, taxpayer-paid-for food-
stuffs to make up the difference between
volunteered funds and the $62 million de-
manded, I, strongly protest this or any ex-
penditure of taxpayers' money through U.S.-
owned foodstuffs for the ransom of Cuban
prisoners as being contrary to the basic
statement of policy by Congress calling for
and authorizing specific action to rid this
hemisphere of Castro and communism. In
view of the strong public protest against the
tractors-for-prisoners proposal, and in view
of the downgrading of our prestige as the
leading nation of the free nations of the
world by thus admitting our participa-
tion in and backing of the Bay of Pigs
invasion and our conciliatory attitude
toward Castro and having introduced reso-
lutions opposing both the tractors deal and
the $62 million ransom deal, I feel I must
express my deep concern and shock over the
secret negotiations that are even yet not
fully revealed between the United States
through a private citizen and Castro. In
view of the restrictive language written into
the mutual security bill instructing the
withholding of aid to countries that do busi-
ness (trade) with Castro and the House
Cuban resolution calling for strong and
affirmative action to get rid of Castro and
the Communists, I am specifically request-
ing information as to what possible authority
exists for the spending of any portion of the
$60 million by the Government of the United
States in payment of ransom to the enemy
Communist Fidel Castro and, further, even
if such legal authority exists, which is un-
known to me, how can the United States
be put in the position of strengthening Cas-
tro and communism on the one hand by de-
livering shipments to Cuba of $60 million
worth of American substance, when calling
on the other hand for all other countries to
stop all other types of shipments to Cuba.
How two-faced can our foreign policy ob-
jectives be? How inconsistent can our ac-
tions be? How confused the entire free
world must be? Historically, the United
States has never paid ransom orindemnity
and this precedent will come to haunt the
United States and the free world in the
future. I am asking that this supersecret
negotiation be called to a halt before irrep-
arable damage to U.S. prestige is done.
It is further inconceivable to me that,
and I question the legality of, a private
citizen, namely Mr. Donovan, would be al-
lowed to negotiate with an enemy govern-
ment on behalf of the United States-with
the Castro government-declared to be an
enemy government by the Congress in its
resolution and by the President in invoking
the Trading With the Enemy Act to. prevent
the inshipment of Havana tobacco of recent
date. Such negotiations are considered a
violation of the spirit if not the letter of
the Logan Act and it has been the general
policy of Congress to oppose any trade with
the enemy as set forth in the Trading With
the Enemy Act. These basic policies for
freedom and against communism are all
being violated in my opinion in this abor-
tive deal-and I strongly protest making
Castro stronger, our anti-Communist ef-
forts a laughing stock throughout the world,
and the establishment of a policy of paying
taxpayer money to, Castro for indemnity
and ransom inherent in this supersecret
deal, kept secret purposely and negotiated by
a private citizen. I specifically ask these
questions:
1. What authority exists for anyone to
negotiate for payment in U.S. Government-
owned foodstuffs to Castro and the Com-
munists? -
2. How much in U.S,-owned foodstuffs and
other things of value are being made avail-
able for this purpose?
3. What right does Donovan or any
other private citizen have to negotiate with
Castro and an enemy government?
4. If Donovan is negotiating on behalf of
private citizens only, what right does he
have under the Logan Act to do so-let
alone a violation of recent policy statement
of the Congress? Doesn't his visit to Cuba
require Government approval?
5. If Donovan is negotiating in a manner
that obligates the U.S. Government to make
up the difference between contributions and
the $60 million demanded, is he doing so as
an agent of the U.S. Government?
6. Why hasn't a full disclosure of all the
facts been made before the deal is closed
between Castro and Donovan?
WILLIAM C. CRAMER,
Member of Congress.
THE $10 MILLION FISH BOWL
(Mr. GROSS asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, the at-
tempt to justify the $10 million glorified
fish bowl in Washington, D.C., as a re-
search center intrigues me and I might
add it would be humorous if $10 million
was not involved.
Mr. Speaker, I shudder to think of
the millions upon millions of dollars that
are already being spent for research with
respect to fish. As a matter of fact, the
chairman of the House Committee on
Merchant Marine and Fisheries, the
gentleman from North Carolina [Mr.
BONNER], recently obtained from the De-
partment of the Interior a statement
showing that some 79 projects are now
being conducted in research on salmon
alone. There are scores of others deal-
ing with other species.
Yes, Mr. Speaker, the New Frontier
now is; Ask not what the fish can do
for you, but rather what you can do for
the fish.
ASSOCIATION OF GREEK SHIPOWN-
ERS HONORS RECOMMENDATION
TO HALT SHIPPING TO CUBA
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speaker,
word has just come that the Association
of Greek Shipowners has decided to
honor the recommendations of the Greek
Government and halt shipping to Cuba.
This decision stands as a signal victory
in the current Cuban crisis.
In a firm and decisive statement, the
Greek shipping association recommended
"emphatically to its members that they
abstain from all types of charter con-
tracts for the transportation of goods to
and from Cuba despite the repercussions
this will have on Greek shipping in these
difficult times."
Thus Greece joins the ranks of our
most cooperative allies. Those other na-
tions honoring U.S. requests for boycot-
ting Cuba are West Germany, Turkey,
and the Norwegian shippers.
Mr. Speaker, one of the most effective
and immediate means of combatting
communism in this hemisphere is to halt
free world shipping to the island of Cuba.
This would force the entire burden on
the already strained Communist fleet,
crimp the Cuban Communist pipeline,
and make communism in this hemisphere
untenable and impractical to support.
We salute our West German, Turkish,
Norwegian, and Greek friends. But what
of our friends the British?
(Mr. HAGAN of Georgia asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and
extend his remarks.)
[Mr. HAGAN of Georgia's remarks will
appear hereafter in the Appendix.]
CHARITABLE SOLICITATIONS IN
THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
(Mr. DOWDY asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his re-
marks, and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. DOWDY. Mr. Speaker, the mat-
ter about which I shall speak has nothing
to do with foreign affairs. However, a
few days ago there was an article which
appeared in the local press relating to
the fact that under the District of Co-
lumbia Charitable Solicitation Act per-
mission had been granted to a society of
homosexuals to solicit charitable con-
tributions in the District of Columbia.
Mr. Speaker, the Superintendent of
Licenses and Permits said that his office
had no authority to deny a solicitation
permit under the law to these people.
Mr. Speaker, the acts of these people
are banned under the laws of God, the
laws of nature, and they are against the
laws of man. I think a situation which
requires them to be permitted a license
to solicit charitable funds for the pro-
motion of their deviations is a bad law.
Mr. Speaker, I have today introduced
a bill to correct this situation. I trust
that by the beginning of next year we
will have sufficient reports from the vari-
ous departments to effectively prevent
this sort of action.
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21784 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
THE HONORABLE BRENT SPENCE
(Mr. PERKINS asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
Mr. PERKINS. Mr. Speaker, the
State of Kentucky has been proud of
many of its Representatives in Wash-
ington, including some of the country's
greatest. Today we are facing the loss
of our senior Congressman by voluntary
retirement, to a rest which he has well
earned by 32 years of service-including
almost 16 years as chairman of the
Banking and Currency Committee.
During that period of service, BRENT
SPENCE has been the guiding hand in
the development of legislation for hous-
ing programs that will remain a monu-
ment to his memory long after all of us
have passed from this scene.
The gentleman from Kentucky, Con-
gressman SPENCE, had become an insti-
tution in Kentucky. The only campaign
he had to make was to file an applica-
tion to have his name placed on the bal-
lot and his reelection was assured. The
people of Kentucky and especially north-
ern Kentucky both loved and respected
BRENT SPENCE.
Entering Congress 2 years before the
beginning of the Roosevelt administra-
tion at an age when many of us are
considering retirement, he became a
stanch supporter of the fiscal and fi-
nancial reforms sponsored by our great
depression President and advanced to
the chairmanship of the Banking and
Currency Committee before the end of
that long administration.
While his law practice began in the
19th century, he was one of those gifted
individuals who was always able to look
to the future, to lay the groundwork for
the proper development of the America
that few of us will see in the 21st cen-
tury. Now, as the oldest Member of
Congress, he can step aside for a well
deserved rest without regrets because we
are all sure that his job was well done.
His record here stamps him as one
of the greatest of Kentucky's Congress-
men, which includes such illustrious
names as Henry Clay, Alben Barkley,
Fred Vinson, and others too numerous
to mention.
His splendid example remains as an
inspiration to all of us.
GRANTING EASEMENTS ON REAL
PROPERTY OF THE UNITED
STATES
Mr. McFALL. Mr. Speaker. I ask
unanimous consent to take from the
Speaker's desk the bill (H.R. 8355) to
authorize executive agencies to grant
easements in, over, or upon real property
of the United States under the control
of such agencies, and for other purposes,
with a Senate amendment thereto, and
concur in the Senate amendment.
The Clerk read the title of the bill.
The Clerk read the Senate amendmett,
as follows:
Page 3, strike out all after line 17 over to
and including line 2 on page 4 and insert:
"(d) The term 'real property of the United
States' excludes the public lands (including
minerals, vegetative, and other resources) In
the United States, including lands reserved
or dedicated for national forest purposes,
lands administered or supervised by the Sec-
retary of the Interior in accordance with the
Act of August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 635), as
amended and supplemented, Indian-owned
trust and restricted lands, and lands ac-
quired by the United States primarily for
fish and wildlife conservation purposes and
administered by the Secretary of the In-
terior, lands withdrawn from the public
domain primarily under the jurisdiction of
the Secretary of the Interior, and lands ac-
quired for national forest purposes."
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Cali-
fornia?
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, reserv-
ing the right to object, this bill was
voted out of our committee unanimously.
The Senate amendment is acceptable to
the minority. It also takes out of the
bill what little controversy there was con-
cerning it. I ask the gentleman, is that
not correct?
Mr. McFALL. That Is correct; the
gentleman has stated the fact. The bill
would grant authority to the heads of
the executive agencies having control
over real property of the United States to
grant easements for rights-of-way pur-
poses, I believe it was passed on the
Consent Calendar in the House. A public
lands amendment was taken from the bill
as it passed the House. The Senate has
Included the amendment which excludes
public lands, the way the bill was
originally introduced, I know of no op-
position to or criticism of the bill as it
stands now.
MORE ON $60 MILLION TO CASTRO TOR
PRISONERS
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, further
reserving the right to object-and 1in-
tend not to object-because of the limi-
tation of the 1-minute rule earlier, I did
not have the opportunity to comment on
league, the gentleman from Florida [Mr.
ROGERS]. I will say that it appears to
me that if we are asking other nations
to cut off trade with Cuba, we should set
the example first and not negotiate di-
rectly or indirectly or permit negotia-
tions by a private citizen to send $60 mil-
lion worth of foodstuffs to Cuba at the
same time. I strongly oppose such ac-
tion, I cannot understand this double-
standard, this conciliatory attitude
towards Cuba and I intend to discuss the
matter in detail on my special order later
today.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
California?
There was no objection.
The Senate amendment was concurred
in,
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
TO AMEND THE FOREIGN SERVICE
BUILDINGS ACT
Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent to take from the
Speaker's table the bill (H.R. 11880) to
amend the Foreign Service Buildings Act,
1928, to authorize additional appropria-
tions, and for other purposes, with Sen-
ate amendments thereto, disagree to the
October 10
Senate amendments and ask for a con-
ference with the Senate.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Wisconsin?
Mr. BOW. Mr. Speaker, reserving the
right to object, I should like to ask the
gentleman from Wisconsin if he can ad-
vise the House whether the amendments
of the Senate to the Foreign Service
Buildings Act are germane to the legis-
lation as it passed the House.
Mr. ZABLOCKI. They are not. As
the gentleman knows, the Senate has
added two bills as amendments; the
equal pay bill and the bill providing for
an additional Secretary of State.
Mr. BOW. That being the case, Mr.
Speaker, I object.
Mr. Speaker, my objection was made
with some regrets for I favor the bill as
it applies to Foreign Service buildings.
Furthermore, I favor the equal pay bill
that was added as a Senate amendment,
and I voted for that bill when it was con-
sidered as a separate measure in the
House. While I am opposed to the addi-
tional Assistant Secretary of State that
would be added by another Senate
amendment, that is not the reason for
my objection to considering this bill as
It was returned from the other body.
Mr. Speaker, the rules of the House
prohibit the consideration of amend-
ments that are not germane to the meas-
ure being acted upon except by unani-
mous consent or, under certain circum-
stances, by a majority of two-thirds of
the Members voting; and with one other
important exception, that, under our
rules, no point of order can be made
against a Senate amendment regardless
of how flagrantly It violates the rule of
germaneness. nor is it necessary to have
more than a simple majority to adopt
such an amendment. This rule must be
based on an overly generous application
of the so-called rule of comity for it cer-
tainly is not in keeping with the other
rules concerning germaneness.
The two Senate amendments to this
Foreign Service buildings bill are not
germane by any stretch of the imagina-
tion. I do not question the motivation
behind these amendments, but regard-
less of the motivation I am strongly of
the opinion that this is not the way this
House should legislate. This measure is
now a conglomerate of three bills no one
of which is germane to either of the other
two. I would have absolutely no objec-
tion to the consideration of each of them
Individually, and I would vote in favor of
the passage of two as I have already
Indicated.
Mr. Speaker, I think the House rules,
with regard to the consideration of Sen-
ate amendments that are not germane,
are not logical or reasonable. At the be-
ginning of the 88th Congress I intend to
offer an amendment to the rules which
will require that consideration of un-
germane Senate amendments be only by
unanimous consent or by a two-thirds
majority vote as is required if such
amendments originate in our own House.
In the meantime I feel constrained to use
such parliamentary means as are avail-
able to prevent amendments, such as
those to H.R. 11880, coming before the
House.
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1 ' ~I RESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 21737
were prepared to do so in part last year until
the West Germans leaked our plans to the
press-then we stand to lose West Germany.
if this occurs, NATO would be disbanded,
and Western Europe would be ripe for neu-
tralization and subsequent communization.
The United States must seize the initiative
in Berlin while Mr. Khrushchev has given us
the moratorium to settle our election prob-
lems. We could start by making some de-
mands of our own. First, we could demand
that the people in East Germany be given
free elections, as they were originally prom-
ised. Next, we could demand that the wall be
removed. Next, we could demand that
Korea, Vietnam, and Germany be reunited
through free elections. Next, we could de-
mand that the Soviets get out of Cuba, in
accord with the Monroe Doctrine. If Mr.
Khrushchev refuses, then why couldn't we
rattle a few rockets in his face to force him
to at least trade with us on a quid pro quo
basis, rather than permitting all the trading
to be against our interests. I do not ad-
vocate any deals with the Communists, be-
cause they have proved they will honor their
commitments only so long as they are in
their own interests. But, since our State
Department insists on negotiations, we ought
to have some demands of our own to make.
If we act with determination, and proceed
without delay in making demands and tak-
ing actions on Cuba, we can create a crisis
that will put Mr. Khrushchev on the griddle
while Berlin simmers on the back burner.
After all, he knows which side has superior
military power. Why not convince him we
have the will to use that power?
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, I
firmly believe that this resolution ex-
presses the opinion of the average Amer-
ican citizen. It has become a truism to
state that the conduct of foreign policy
resides in the executive branch of our
Government. I know of no one who
would take Issue with this statement.
However, upon a more careful evaluation
of this constitutional responsibility, one
realizes that the executive branch is
charged only with the implementation
and conduct of foreign policy. The
power to formulate foreign policy still
resides in the electorate-the people of
the United States. The best way that
the people of the United States have for
making their will and their firm resolve
known to the President and to the State
Department is through their most closely
responsible elected officials, those of us
in the Congress. This resolution which
expresses the will of the people of the
United States is no more and no less than
a directive from the. people to the ex-
ecutive branch of the Government spec-
ifying the, framework within which our
foreign policy on Berlin must be con-
ducted.
It must be noted that this resolution is
not self-executing. Commendable as it
may be, unless it is honored by our Pres-
ident and the State Department there Is
no particular virtue in the Congress giv-
ing its unanimous approval to it.
Not only do I.urge its speedy approval,
but I Implore those officials charged with
the implementation of the policy which
it expresses to take heed and honor it as
a solemn obligation owed to the people
of the United States.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, Senator Concurrent Reso-
lution 97 is indefinitely postponed.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that there be
printed in the RECORD the full text of
the concurrent resolution and portions
of the report on the concurrent resolu-
tion.
Mr. SPARKMAN. The report of the
Foreign Relations Committee is very
brief, and it should appear in the REC-
ORD. I ask unanimous consent that it
also be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the concur-
rent resolution and the report (No. 2288)
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
HOUSE CONCURRENT RESOLUTION 570
Whereas the primary purpose of the United
States in its relations with all other nations
is and has been to develop and sustain. a just
and enduring peace for all; and
Whereas it is the purpose of the United
States to encourage and support the estab-
lishment of a free, unified, and democratic
Germany; and
Whereas in connection with the termina-
tion of hostilities in World War II of the
United States, the United Kingdom, France,
and the Soviet Union freely entered into
binding agreements under which the four
powers have the right to remain in Berlin,
with the right of ingress and egress, until
the conclusion of a final settlement with the
Government of Germany; and
Whereas no such final settlement has been
concluded by the four powers and the afore-
mentioned agreements continue in force:
Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the House of Representatives
(the Senate concurring), That it Is the sense
of the Congress-
(a) that the continued exercise of United
States, British, and French rights in Berlin
constitutes a fundamental political and
moral determination;
(b) that the United States would regard
as intolerable any violation by the Soviet
Union directly or through others of those
rights in Berlin, including the right of in-
gress and egress;
(c) that the United States is determined
to prevent by whatever means may be nec-
essary, including the use of arms, any vio-
lation of those rights by the Soviet Union
directly or through others, and to fulfill our
commitment to the people of Berlin with
respect to their resolve for freedom.
SENATE REPORT No. 2288
The Committee on Foreign Relations hav-
ing had under consideration Senate Concur-
rent Resolution 97, expressing the sense of
the Congress with respect to the situation in
Berlin, reports the resolution favorably, with
an amendment, and recommends that the
resolution as amended be passed,
Senate Concurrent Resolution 97 was In-
troduced on October 3, 1982, by Mr. JAVITs
for himself and Mr. MORSE. On October 5,
1962, the House of Representatives passed
House Concurrent Resolution 570, which was
identical to Senate Concurrent Resolution
97 with the exception of one word. The Sen-
ate resolution had expressed the sense of
Congress that the continued exercise of
United States, British, and French rights in
Berlin constitutes a fundamental political
and moral purpose. The House substituted
for the word "purpose" the word "determina-
tion".
On October 10, the Committee on For-
eign Relations met in executive session and
gave consideration to the two resolutions
pending before it. Without objection it was
agreed to amend Senate Concurrent Resolu-
tion 97 to conform to the resolution passed
by" the House of Representatives and to re-
port Senate Concurrent Resolution 97, as
thus amended, to the Senate.
The committee believes that the resolution
clearly and succinctly states the determina-
tion of the Congress and of the American
people with respect to the determination of
the United States to fulfill our commitments
with respect to the freedom of the people of
Berlin. This commitment is expressed in
paragraph (c) in these words: "That the
United States is determined to prevent by
whatever means may be necessary, including
the use of arms, any violation of those rights
by the Soviet Union directly or through
others, and to fulfill our commitment to the
people of Berlin with respect to their resolve
for freedom."
The committee recommends early and
unanimous approval of this resolution by
the Senate.
THE SITUATION IN CUBA
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, I find
both encouragement and disappoint-
ment in the announcement that the ad-
ministration has decided to take uni-
lateral steps to prevent transportation
of supplies to Cuba in ships owned by
nations who are our allies or profess
neutrality. That we were forced to go
it alone after making what I under-
stand were strong representations to our
allies is a bitter pill to swallow. That we
have moved so promptly, although
clearly not as far as we might have, en-
courages those of us who sincerely be-
lieve that stronger and more positive ac-
tion was required.
We have taken a step, a good first
step, but there Is much yet to be done
and there should be other steps, bigger
ones. Surely we must have a showdown
in the Caribbean and we must prepare
for that day.
For one thing, Russia will be forced
to increase the number of its own ships
that will ply back and forth, to and from
Cuba. The planned construction of a
fishing port in Cuba by the Soviets shows
their design to move into the Western
Hemisphere for keeps. So while we have
taken a good first step it can only be the
start of more drastic, far-reaching ac-
tion if we. are successfully to thwart the
Soviets in thier move into the Western
Hemisphere. In. recent weeks, there
have been a variety of proposals to meet
the threat presented by Cuba, and the
intervention of the Soviets. In spite of
widely divergent proposals, all informed,
persons recognize the potential peril in
the growing military buildup in Cuba
with Russian assistance.
It appears inevitable that sooner or
later we will find ourselves in a position
which demands action for the protec-
tion of our own national security and for
the protection of our friendly neighbors.
President Kennedy has made it clear
that on the basis- of the present condi-
tions and circumstances we do not re-
gard the Cuban situation as requiring an
invasion. Nevertheless, Castro keeps
shouting to the world that we are
plotting an invasion.
So the Communist-supported Cuban
military buildup grows and grows-
Castro's military capability increases by
leaps and bounds-and all the while
Castro protests his fear of military at-
tack and seeks to brand us as the
aggressor.
The entire world knows that we are
not the aggressor in this situation. We
did not create this powder keg in the
Caribbean area. However, the time has
some when we should and must act in
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21738
ctabe
shorelin self-protection and In teb defense of our tent to Invade which the Red Chinese aa short distance bsolutely ante erg our
take more e it is
own national security. The threat to us might have entertained-
may be more indirect than direct, but it We have taken similar defensive steps tive steps and more firm action, some-line I
have
suggested is mustheless neat and imminent. oHow si in Western bb rlope, and Turkey, around Otherwise, month after month and year
t ar ar urea we retreat before invoking after year this peril will become greater.
five measures necessary for r our r own de- de- the globe.
fense? if we were right as to Formosa, Leb- It will grow in strength. It will grow in
The answer is clear. The longer we anon, and elsewhere, what then should activity. It will become more and more
wait, the greater becomes Castro's mill- stand In the way of adopting identical difficult and burdensome for us to over-
tary power and potential for harm; and steps for our own protection in the Carib- come.
the greater the efforts we must exert in bean-our own backyard? Why should believe g every Member of the See
our own defense. we fear any loud cries of "blockade." if I who believes that some pooftiveaction e
These conclusions respecting the Cu- we are taking appropriate steps for our who believes some positive ac n is
ban peril crystallize the serious study I own protection? A blockade is not a ter his thought has
mature a d and a suggestion, afnefinter conclusion has
have given the question for many blockade when a nation acts prudently in make
months. Even before November 1961, its own interest and in self-defense, been reached a the subject. This is ms
when I visited our naval base at Guan- choosing not to wait until It is too late. soul-searching the subject.
based upon at
tanamo, the real danger was becoming Day by day the peril grows as Khru- fair ng conclusion, with and p o at
apparent. And, of course, since that shchev and Castro take step after step to least a a connection
facts, from with andons wl-
time our fears and suspicions have been pave the way for that Russian foothold. edge edge of fair
with the fellow f Senators, but also
confirmed. Recently, we were advised that the So- only any well-informed fell people who are
It is heartening to know that we have viets were undertaking the construction with w a position ma y ar
o knowpeople
a wonderful group of top fighting men at of a fishing port in Cuba in order to to know the e facts,
have carry great military tknowledge Some of t ele
m
Guantanamo, all of them Imbued with facilitate the commercial fishing oper- who
ex-
great spirit, from their chief. Rear Adm. ations of the Russian fleet in the Western have ce
Edward H. O'Donnell, on down. Hemisphere. Coupled with this was the peri I en speaking solely for myself on this
A year ago I visited Guantanamo and announcement that Cuba and Russia subject.
spent some time with Admiral O'Don- together are building 62 trawlers for Cas-
our around own Cuba self h which
ich
nell. I was very favorably Impressed tro's use. We would be naive indeed to The must di perimeter eter area
with him as a naval officer as well as with accept these announcements at face we tet and preservation is a matter for
people to decide. matter
for
his fine concept of the real peril now in- value and to conclude that peaceful uses t c ion and
volved and the future peril. alone are considered for the fishing port our
area be we must take iWhateer this As chairman of the Military Prepared- and the ships. steps to define its boundaries and an-
and
deal Subcommittee, I have done a great It took a long time in the history of steps t our determination clear and
deal of work and have gained a great affairs for it to be discovered that the unmistakable terms.
deal of information on the situation that area at Cuba was such a valuable fishing allies and our
friends in our this hemisphere Western arwill anrtainlr
cannot be brought out into the open. I port for these faraway interests and Both
action.
do not know more about it than others, countries, understand in the eof will ce
the of our
of tion
of course, and I do not know as much as One of the reasons recently assigned I am not thenecessi
g about diplomatic
many persons do, but I mention this to for the conclusion that Castro's military mac a I know versed
show that it was a long, painstaking buildup was defensive was the fact that ma However, now nothingic, g about diplo and
study, and the very opposite of a hasty he had no ships with which to mount an dtalk. own-to-nvlogic, commonsense,
of these
conclusion. It is my deliberate conclu- invasion. Now we are told he is getting matters repeat with emphasis, trade
son, after all hope has been exhausted, 62 ships. Trawlers can be used for fish- mete the I repeats wi that I do not see
that nothing short of what I propose Ing. They can also transport soldiers, how to the cworld our Western allies or
will do the work. Also, I am convinced and they can be mounted with guns. We misphere could fail
that if we do not take more drastic steps, might refer to these ships as Castro con- our o friends nds in In t this the hehemiph necessity for
we shall increase the peril and get fur- vertibles. And the fishing port provides action.
ther into the woods. a convenient submarine base in the our we must clearly formulate our
I propose, Mr. President, that we cre- Western Hemisphere. First,
plans to protect our shores and our fur
ate and define a defensive area or zone The history of 20th century aggression lane and then announce and url n-
around Cuba which we consider vital to is a long line of probing steps taken by tterests, hese plans to our Western and Latin
our own national security. And, further, an aggressor who felt his way-going as American plans Allies to
sufficiently ly in advance
that we give notice to all the world that, far as he could, ready at the same time for them to make uhf necessary and nc
within this defensive zone or area, we to withdraw in the face of firm resist- face to tihe and adjustments. epara are fully prepared to take whatever Sc- ante. So it with with Mussolini in Ethi- proefOm to pre moves to bar aid tuba
tion necessary to protect our Nation and opis in 1935, with Hitler in the demili- of the sea routes
our Latin American allies from any fur- tarized Rhineland in 1936, with the Red through a a substantial strangulation first step r the
ther buildup of military strength and Chinese in Formosa in 1950 and later, direction, including, fite the ex-
our striking power which might endanger and with the Soviets in Berlin In 1948 and desired
desired from U.S, n lu of f first, t e ex-ports
our security. 1961. And so it is the same. I believe, in to
the and do other rion supplies
any
At the same time, we must demonstrate 1962, with Khrushchev seeking a foot- transporting second, ting arms
to and reassure the Cuban people that hold In the Western Hemisphere. Cuba; wiec Cuba for II. i ships of any
it is not they, but their Communist mas- When the Berlin resolution was con- under foreign regsry, along with the
ters, who are the object of these preps- sidered. I really expected that there similar prohibition reg for II o ships under
rations. Our humanitarian aid in the would be some debate on it and some ex- domestic registry.
form of necessary food and medicine planation. I was not prepared to debate These steps gave notice to our allies
could and would nevertheless go through it, I certainly did not intend to oppose were diav a not with their allies
to the Cuban people. It. However. It seems to me, relatively that twist us Valued wit in eir far
This would be an act of defense, not speaking, that our position Is already ure the Communist threat in the West-
little act of aggression. it would differ well known as to Berlin. We have had out e e via Cuba. Some of
from the action we took in sta- troubles in Western Germany all ern he Commu them-West Germany, Greece, Italy f
tioning our 7th Fleet In the Formosa through the years. We have troubles in heard our call. But y, others called a y-
Straits and In announcing to the world Berlin now. We have. repeatedly mid- he he problem, as if rsrcal were our t
our intention to defend the islands of and have acted to back up our state- own n local problem le for all the Western Al- Quemoy and Matsu. That action could ments-that they shall not pass, that we common p Cuba ors ooh own rivl-
not be characterized as other than a de- are not going to yield. lies whil
fensive measure on behalf of an ally and At the same time, Mr. President, it problem. _
to me that with reference to There a certain risks in g
in our own interest-a defensive measure seems
which unquestionably deterred any in- Cuba, which can be a point of peril, such this course But I say that the risks
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J-2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
from inaction, from watching and wait- Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, if the
ing, are greater. Sooner or later we will Senator will permit me, I should like to
be faced with an even more grave crisis say that I am glad to have the Senator
in the Caribbean. make his comments. His comments will
An effective plan for our own defense be helpful for the RECORD. I was not
in the Caribbean will entail less cost opposing the resolution.
and effort now than will be required Mr. SPARKMAN. I understand that
when Castro has built up maximum fully.
strength with the aid of the Kremlin. I agree with the Senator when he
Back to Khrushchev's most recent states that our commitments in Berlin
step-the building of a port allegedly
for the benefit of Russian fishing ves-
sels. Close as Cuba is to our shore, in-
cluding for example our missile testing
base at Cape Canaveral, obviously any
more moves of this sort holds in it the
seeds of trouble for the United States.
Of course, the Panama Canal is not
too far away.
That Castro's growing and cumulative
military power is not immediately aided
by this fishing port does not lessen the
reality of his potential strength, nor does
it lessen the continuing buildup serving
as still another act of defiance to the
United States and the entire Western
Hemisphere.
Further, if we stand aside to allow
Cuba's military preparations to continue
without halt of substantial impediment,
this will serve only as an encourage-
ment for communistic probing and ex-
ploration at other trouble spots, Berlin
or Formosa, for example.
Finally as our Latin American neigh-
bors see Cuba in the ferment of unim-
peded military preparation, they may
well believe it the better part of valor
to aline themselves with Cuba. An un-
mistakable show of determination by the
United States is necessary to counter
these grave possibilities.
I say again, for emphasis, that this is
my thought. This is my suggestion.
This is a step which I think we should
take in due course, after proper notice,
as I have said, which would render un-
necessary later the taking of far graver
or more far-reaching steps of a similar
or even more burdensome kind.
Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. STENNIS. I am happy to yield to
the Senator from Alabama, who is a
member of the Committee on Foreign
Relations, and who is well versed on this
and kindred subjects.
Mr. SPARKMAN. First, I desire to say
a word with reference to one comment
that the very able Senator from Missis-
sippi made about there being no debate
on the Berlin concurrent resolution. The
resolution was reported unanimously by
the Foreign Relations Committee. It
was brought before the Senate by unan-
imous consent. Unanimous consent was
necessary, because the concurrent reso-
lution was reported only today. One of
the chief sponsors of the concurrent reso-
lution in the Senate was the senior Sen-
ator from Oregon [Mr. MORSE]. I asked
the Senator from Oregon if he cared to
make a statement. He said he did not.
I made a very brief statement merely ex- say that we will not stand fast in Ber-
plaining what our action had been. I lin. 'The Senator has heard that state-
think it was ' generally felt that there ment. He has seen it in newspapers and
was no need for debate. No Senator has read it in columns in different places
seemed to want to debate the resolution. around the country. Perhaps it would
However, complying perhaps with the be a good thing for Congress to restate
implied suggestion of the Senator from its position that we are going to stand
Mississippi, I wish to say- firm.
have been stated over and over again.
Some people may think that it is futile
or useless to state our position again in
the form in which ithas now been stated.
On the other hand, numerous Members
of Congress of both Houses felt that it
would be a good thing for the Congress
to make a statement now in a concurrent
resolution as to the sense of Congress.
In all frankness, I have never looked
with a great deal - of favor upon such
resolutions. When the resolution relat-
ing to Formosa was before the Senate in
1953, I said on the floor of the Senate
that the resolution was unnecessary. I
stated that we had a treaty with Formosa
that obligated us to do the things stated.
It is within the discretion of the Presi-
dent to determine how such obligations
are carried out.
Mr. STENNIS. I remember the argu-
ment of the Senator from Alabama on
that very point.
Mr. SPARKMAN. When the Near
East resolution came before the Senate,
I took exactly the same attitude. 'Back
in 1947, when the Greek-Turkish prob-
lem arose, the President of the United
States did not call upon Congress for
a resolution. He came to Congress with
a message and said, "This is the foreign
policy of the United States."
So far as I am concerned, the policy
that was stated at that time by Presi-
dent Truman in relation to the Greek-
Turkish problem is still the foreign pol-_
icy of the United States. I felt that
President Eisenhower would certainly be
well within his rights in acting under
that policy and making the same pro-
nouncement.
I have somewhat the same feeling with
reference to Cuba. I realize that Cuba
is closer to home and that the problem
is highly emotional. However, I voted
for the Formosa resolution, the Near
East resolution, and the Cuban resolu-
tion.
I had the same feeling about Berlin.
First, as is stated in the preamble of
our resolution, we have a responsibility
under the Four Power Pact signed at
the end of the war. Furthermore,
President Truman, President Eisenhower,
and President Kennedy have all pledged
to the people of Berlin that we will do
whatever is necessary in order to pre-
serve the integrity of Berlin and the
freedom of the people of Berlin. Of
course, we will stand by that commit-
ment.
However, someone is always ready to
21739
I am as confident as I can be that the
President of the United States, with or
without the resolution, is determined to
carry out our commitments to the peo-
ple of Berlin and, furthermore, to the
people in the Government of West Ger-
many and to our allies in NATO and
Western Europe.
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. SPARKMAN. I yield.
-Mr. STENNIS. I think it is very re-
assuring for the Senator to make a
strong statement of that kind as to his
belief. He represents the belief of all
of us.
Mr. SPARKMAN. Yes.
Mr. STENNIS. The Senator from
Mississippi knows that the Senator's re-
marks will strengthen the RECORD and
the resolution.
Mr. SPARKMAN. If the Senator will
yield, I should like to move into a dis-
cussion of the Cuban situation very
briefly.
Mr. STENNIS. I am glad to yield.
Mr. SPARKMAN. The Cuban situa-
tion is naturally rather emotional be-
cause it is so close to home. Cuba is
a part of our Western Hemisphere. It is
a country which we liberated from a Eu-
ropean power, -and a country to which we
gave much down through the years. It
stings us to think of the present situa-
tion.
I have given a great deal of thought
and attention to the Cuban situation. I
have received a great amount of mail
from my constituents and from others-
in different parts of the country re-
garding Cuba. I have tried to study
the subject as best I could. I have at-
tended conferences at the White House,
and in the State Department. Secre-
tary Rusk has appeared before the For-
eign Relations Committee, of which I
am a member. Representatives of the/
CIA have appeareT"b~ero e--tie--j ommit
tee. Secretary of Defense McNamara
has been before the committee. There
have been conferences with other mili-
tary powers.
I wish to state a very few conclusions
which I have reached.
First, I desire to make clear that I be-
lieve we have reliable sources of informa-
tion on Cuba.
Second, I believe that the military has
made ' vexy careful calculations on the
military situation, strength, type, and so
forth.
Third, I believe that there is a strong
probability of obtaining unanimity of
action on the part of the Western Hem-
isphere. Goodness knows, we need it.
A great many of the people in Latin
America still think of the Gringoes of
the imperial north. When they think
of intervention, they think of gunboat
diplomacy. I do not lose patience with
our Goverment when it tries to overcome
those difficulties.
I think headway is being made to over-
come them. The conference held in
Washington only a week ago made con-
siderable headway. I believe there will
be unanimity of action. Steps have
been taken.
I noticed the Senator's careful state-
ment that steps should be taken in due
course. I am glad he used the term "in
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE Octobar-1.Q..-
due course," because I think, as the Good Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President. will
Book says, there is a time for all things. the Senator yield?
One of the great mistakes we might Mr. STENNIS. I do not believe the
make would be to do what some In our Senator meant to leave that impression.
country-and not the Senator from Mis- Mr. SPARKMAN. I did not mean to
sissippi-have advocated, which is to do that at all. When I started I said that
rush in headlong and do something rash. It seems to me that people sometimes
As long as we can close the vise on the thought of this as an isolated incident.
Castro regime, we will make headway. We must work at the whole global Sob,
I could relate a great many more of and work hard. In that connection I
my thoughts regarding Russia's connec- wonder if the Senator has read a col-
tions with Cuba and what she is going to
be willing, able, and ready to do. But I
believe the Cuban situation can be
handled. It is being handled. The
President has correct information as to
what the situation is there. He is on the
alert as to what needs to be done. I be-
lieve that those things are being done,
to use the Senator's words, in due course.
There is one other thing that some of
our people seem to overlook, that Is the
fact that while Cuba is close to home, it
must not be considered as an isolated sit-
uation. There are many such bad spots
throughout the world. We know from
past performance that the Kremlin is
able to press the button and produce
trouble in any one of many spots around
the world. I believe that Khrushchev
clearly planned from the beginning to
use Cuba as an irritant to the United
States and still intends to do so. Nothing
would please him more than to have us
become so involved in Cuba that we
might become indifferent with respect to
Berlin.
Berlin is the great danger spot in the
world. That is where world war III
could break out. I believe that our Gov-
ernment is working on this problem
diligently, and at the same time is keep-
ing in mind the global aspects of the
whole troublesome mess.
I followed the Senator very closely. I
am in agreement with him that we must
keep a tight hold on the situation. We
must not let it get out of control. I do
not believe that we will let it get out of
control.
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator
for his comments. They are worthy of
consideration, particularly, coming from
him, a well-informed member of the For-
eign Relations Committee.
I point out, in response to him, that I,
tM--fia " aI_?W - _Ttl-i the CIA _and_ e
o e s o a`if and have heard
le-st-Irnnny from the S-tecretary bi SaEe
and others. and have talked with repre-
sentatives of the Defense Department. I
speak solely for myself. I talked with
the Secretary of Defense and with many
others over a period of more than a year.
Something is being done. I do not say
that the administration is indifferent in
the slightest to this problem.
However, my point is that more drastic
and more urgent and more positive steps
are necessary before we can achieve
needed results to stop this development.
I cannot believe that, with my knowledge
of our great striking power, if we were
to resist it, we would touch off some
trouble in Berlin. I do not believe that
Khrushchev would risk war with us over
Cuba or over Berlin. Certainly we can-
Mr. STENNIS. Before the Senator
leaves that point, I believe I should say
that if we take positive action to protect
ourselves in the Cuban area we will be
furnishing to the world conclusive proof 1
that we will take steps to protect our-
selves in other areas.
Mr. SPARKMAN. Yes. We are tak-
ing that action. We are doing it, in the
words of the Senator, "in due course."
I wonder whether the Senator has read
a column written by Walter Lippmann.
which was placed in the CONGxsssIONAL
REcoan yesterday by the Senator from
Oregon [Mr. Moxsal. It is found on
page 21648 of the Rxcoan. I recommend
its reading. It is avery thoughtful arti-
cle dealing with this subject.
Mr. STENNIS. I thank the Senator.
I shall read it. I have read many articles
along this line, pro and con, but I have
not read the article to which the Sen-
ator has referred.
I conclude by saying, with emphasis,
that I hope the Senator from Alabama
is correct in his expression as to what
he called the strong probability of unity
of action. Lack of unity of action is
one of the things that disturbs the Sen-
ator from Mississippi. That Is what has
disturbed the Senator from Mississippi.
as he has watched these developments
week after week, month after month,
and year after year. My proposed
step would bring about unity of ac-
tion in Latin American countries.
It would bring about unanimity of ac-
tion with respect to our allies elsewhere.
This step or a similar step will be proof
to the world and to our allies In partic-
ular that we will move in on this situa-
tion and do what Is necessary, not preci-
pitately, but in due course and in due
time; and that does not mean at some
remote time.
Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware.
President. will the Senator yield?
Mr. STENNIS. I yield.
tions Committee. Nothing like that has
come before him in any hearings, and
he has had no information with regard
to it. I heard the subject mentioned on
the radio, as a possibility. However, I
have not been able to follow it up, be-
cause I have been busy with other mat-
ters, and have not had the opportunity.
to check on the radio report.
Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. I hope
it is an erroneous report.
Mr. STENNIS. I hope so, too.
Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. I trust
It is an error and that our Government
is not putting up a part of the ransom
money. However, I feel that our Gov-
ernment has a responsibility to issue a
denial of the statement, before it goes
any further.
Mr. STENNIS. The Senator from Mis-
sissippi agrees. I would be very impa-
tient with any proposal for our Govern-
ment to pay a part of the ransom money
out of the National Treasury. I thank
the Senator for his contribution.
I close by emphasizing again that we
hear a great deal of talk about what
Russia is going to do with reference to
Cuba. We know that one thing is cer-
tain, and that is that she will keep build-
ing up one thing after another so long
as her hand is not called, and so long as
there is no effective contest with respect
to It. She will do that until some effec-
tive moves are made by us. It might not
be necessary to do more than to start
them. When those moves are made her
efforts will be cut off and destroyed,
whether it be in Berlin, Formosa, or else-
where. In the opinion of the Senator
from Mississippi It Is much more likely
that a great deal of the steam will be
taken out of her efforts.
Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President, I
suggest the absence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. HUMPHREY. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that the order
for the quorum call be rescinded.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it Is so ordered.
LOBBYING POWER OPERATES UN-
CHECKED IN WASHINGTON
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, one
of the most unfortunate, and neglected
aspects of Government in Washington
is the activity of lobbying and lobbyists.
There is no question that lobbyists are
very effective Indeed, and there is no
question that efforts looking toward
their regulation are so ineffectual that
they have become a farce.
An excellent series of articles is now
being written by James McCartney, of
the Washington bureau of the Chicago
Daily News, an outstanding reporter.
Before I ask unanimous consent to have
the series of articles placed in the REC-
ORD. I wish to quote briefly from some of
the statements made by Mr. McCartney:
The 19-year-old regulation of Lobbying Act
is little or no help. Under it many lobbyists,
including some of the best known, such as
the National Association of Manufacturers
or Americans for Democratic Action, don't
even bother to register.
Mr. WILLIAMS of Delaware. I have
read an article printed in a New York
paper, to the effect that Mr. Donovan,
who Is acting as the go-between in the
negotiations for the release of the Cuban
prisoners, is acting as an agent of the
U.S. Government in those negotiations,
and that a substantial part of the ran-
som money is being put up by our Gov-
ernment. I cannot conceive of that be-
ing true. However, I notice that the
story goes on to state that no official in
the executive department has thus far
denied it. I was wondering whether the
Senator from Missimippi had any in-
formation on that subject and, if so,
I whether he wishes to say anything about
not let one buildup follow another, in i I.
Cuba, or Berlin, or Formosa. If we do, Mr. STENNIS. The Senator from Mis-
we will be nibbled away. sissippi is a member of the Appropria-
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1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
Additional proposed legislation. quested for this budget has been saved this
4. Sources of information will include: year through a streamlining of the staff. The
National management association source contemplated replacements should not in-
materials as made available. crease the revised budgetary limitations.
Journals and magazines.
Newspaper reports and news items. ~
Published and unpublished theses. RANSOM FOR CUBAN PRISONERS'
Court decisions and records.
Decisions and reports of relevant govern-
ment boards and commissions.
Arbitration awards.
Congressional and State legislative reports
and evaluations as made available.
Personal interviewing and programing.
5. Materials collected may be useful to
parties interested in action programs related
to answering the abuse of union power.
Such materials are also expected to become
a rich source of materials for writing in the
field. The research program itself is not in-
tended to produce specific books, mono-
graphs or articles; yet the writer, and others
making use of information secured, can be
expected to prepare materials for publica-
tion on the strength of such information.
6. In process of such collection and evalu-
ation of material, it is expected that there
will be developed a comprehensive. and de-
tailed topical outline; in time and as the
project so requires, information retrieval
devices for quick access to information in
the specific areas; an evaluation of informa-
tion sources; and a method for continuing
acquisition, collation, evaluation, and re-
porting of up-to-date information.
7. It is expected that the program will,
during this year, produce in comprehensive-
ness, depth and detail, information sources
substantially superior in content, methods
of evaluation, availability, and outline anal-
ysis, to anything which has been attempted
to date; and all that is produced during the
current year becomes a base upon which to
build for information retrieval and report-
ing in the years ahead.
To accomplish the foregoing, a supple-
mental budget allowance is required, com-
mencing immediately and extending to the
end of the calendar year.
. An approach of this nature is indispensa-
ble to the ultimate success of any program
that may be designed to reach a realistic
solution to the problem. Absent the fore-
going, it will be necessary for the business
community to continue to rely upon the
preachment of platitudes. There does not
now exist satisfactory capacity to support
those legislators who have introduced bills
to correct the abuses of organized labor.
Labor organizations have set aside, through
their vast research divisions, sums in the
high six figures to prevent inroads upon their
monopoly position. This, of course, does not
Include, the $2,500,000 currently being ex-
pended by unions for short courses on col-
lege campuses during the summer months of
1962, nor funds used for political purposes.
It should be recognized that this is a con-
tinuing program and will require further,
but lesser, resources over a period of several
years. In this connection, it should not be
overlooked that the industrial relations di-
vision, through its annual institutes, has
made available a fund of $25,000 net, and has
produced during the past 18 months approxi-
mately $60,000 gross, from industrial rela-
tions clinics conducted by its vice president.
The expense of this latter program is mini-
mal and is in any event more than offset by
increased revenue from renewal, increase,
and new membership.
All of the several programs which the in-
dustrial relations division provides for the
field are on a self-sustaining basis. The
literature which it distributes has returned
many times its cost through minimal charges
that are made. Furthermore, it will not be
overlooked that much of the amount re-
GRANAHAN). Under previous order of the
House, the gentleman from Florida [Mr.
CRAMER] is recognized for 30 minutes.
(Mr. CRAMER asked and was given
permission to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. CRAMER. Madam Speaker and
Members of the House, I feel compelled
to rise today even at this late hour to
raise my voice in objection, which I did
yesterday and have done before for
nearly 2 years now, to the abortive pro-
posal of the tractors-for-prisoners deal
and now the $62 million Cuban prisoner
deal in the name of ransom because it is
nothing more and no less than blackmail.
The insulting proposals of Fidel Castro
and his constant demands, extravagant
demands, which he has repeated again
just the other day, demanding $62 mil-
lion-now $60 million-$2 million has
been paid, this $62 million demand made
by him in the name of indemnity for re-
payment for damages done in the abor-
tive invasion in the Bay of Pigs.
I introduced a resolution in 1961 which
stated very clearly by position in oppo-
sition to the tractors-for-prisoners
abortive proposal. Finally, the admin-
istration itself withdrew its support on
that particular proposition. Shortly
thereafter, however, a new proposal was
made in early 1962. This was not for
tractors. This 'was not for $25 million
worth of tractors as indemnity and ran-
some and blackmail. This was for $62
million-dollars-spendable American
dollars was demanded. I brought out on
the floor of the House, and it is in the.
Record, that earlier, this demand being
made in 1962, that earlier even before
the demand was made, the administra-
tion had been giving consideration to
and had issued an order, a preliminary
regulation of the Internal Revenue Serv-
ice, on December 6, 1961, to the effect
that contributions to the Cuban Family
Committee would be tax deductible. Now
this was as far back as 1961, December,
even before Fidel Castro made his money
demand, changing it from tractors to
money. And during a period after it was
publicly announced by the President that
the United States was withdrawing any
support of the tractor deal.
There is not any question but what the.
administration has directly or indirectly
been working hand in hand with Fidel
Castro in an effort to get the prisoners
released by negotiating for the paying
of ransom of some sort, and it appears
obvious as an effort to apologize for the
mistakes made by the administration in
the invasion of the Bay of Pigs. This
was probably the most serious mistake
and one of the blackest blotches in the
history of this country, the refusal and
failure of the President of the United
States to provide air cover in order that
the invasion could be successful.
Now in an effort to bail out the ad-
ministration because of the mistake,
there is this second abortive proposal,
and now for the first time in the history
of this country ransom is being negoti-
ated to be paid to an enemy government.
For the first time in the history of this
country a ransom and indemnity is being
negotiated with Fidel Castro, which the
Nation has already stated through this
legislative body as being the head of an
enemy government, a Communist gov-
ernment, in the Cuban resolution passed
by the House recently.
The administration is still negotiating
the payment of indemnity to that enemy
Communist government. How silly we
must look. How silly we must look in
the eyes of the people of the free world,
let alone how weak and vacillating to
the Communist governments. How silly
we must look in the eyes of all the world
in condoning these ransom negotiations
when this body passed a resolution of re-
cent date-Public Law 87-733-demand-
ing strong action on the part of the ad-
ministration, saying we will back the
President in any efforts necessary, that
the United States is "determined"-
(a) to prevent by whatever means may be
necessary, including the use of arms, the
Marxist-Leninist regime in Cuba from ex-
tending, by force or the threat of force, its
aggressive or subversive activities to any part
of this hemisphere;
(b) to prevent in Cuba the creation or use
of an externally supported military capa-
bility endangering the security of the United
States; and
(c) to work with the Organization of
American States and with freedom-loving
Cubans to support the aspirations of the
Cuban people for self-determination.
Approved October 3, 1962.
Are we working toward the realiza-
tion of the aspirations of freedom-loving
Cubans, for the Cuban people themselves
to achieve their self-determination when
what we do is to make available to Fidel
Castro badly needed, according to the
latest press releases, foodstuffs, paid for
by American taxpayers, foodstuffs to
Fidel Castro which he needs as badly as
he needs military materiel, and perhaps
even worse? It is common knowledge
that his efforts in agrarian reform and
providing agricultural products for his
people are a dismal failure. And so we
are bailing him out of his failure, and at.
the same time compounding the failure
of the administration in the Bay of Pigs
invasion by paying indemnity.
This House has spoken further in the
Mutual Security Act, and in no uncer-
tain terms. How foolish we must look,
Madam Speaker, in the eyes of other
freedom-loving nations that we are ask-
ing to refrain from trading with Cuba,
not only military materiel but all trade
with Cuba. We passed an amendment to
the Mutual Security Act-I have it be-
fore me now-to the effect that-
None of. the funds provided in this bill
shall be available for assistance to any coun-
try the government of which sells arms, mu-
nitions, or implements of war to the Castro
regime, or which furnishes any sort of aid,
either military or economic, to the, regime.
We also provided for the cutting off of
funds to any country that trades with
Castro, and with the Cominunists. in
Cuba or in this hemisphere.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE October 10
This Government has spoken through
Congress twice in unequivocal terms,
In the last consideration of the ques-
tion of money or dollars for Castro I in-
troduced a resolution in strong opposi-
tion to it, House Concurrent Resolution
459, on April 11, 1962. This was after I
discovered that the Internal Revenue
Service had already issued a preliminary
order on December 6, 1961, that was then
in effect based upon which contributions
to this Cuban Family Committee were
tax deductible.
I introduce an amendment to the mu-
tual security bill which barely failed,
which would have put this ransom pro-
posal in its proper resting place-the
ash can. It barely failed by a vote of
134 to 137, and it barely failed not be-
cause of a single Member on the Repub-
lican side voting against It. I was
amazed at the offer by Mr. Donovan of
ransom for the Cuban prisoners in the
amount of $60 million or for foodstuffs
which can be interpreted only as an in-
demnification by this Nation for the
overt acts of this Nation. This was
through a Mr. Donovan, who happens to
be a candidate for the U.S. Senate. This
is a way of playing a little politics at the
same time.
This country through its overt acts is
consenting to paying or having paid an
indemnity to a Communist country-
Cuba.
That is blackmail, that Is extortion.
This demand for ransom is remi-
niscent of the days of piracy on the high
seas, and repugnant to every principle
of decency and self-respect.
This Nation by considering this pro-
posal and authorizing Mr. Donovan to
negotiate it is kowtowing to the demands
of a Communist dictator, resulting from
an imprisonment order handed down
through a kangaroo court which re-
sulted in the imprisonment, thus giving
recognition to the court itself-an indi-
rect recognition of Castro's Communist
government. How can we say we do not
recognize Castro on the one hand, and
on the other hand recognize and nego-
tiate with Castro through Donovan?
This Nation's prestige is sinking in the
eyes of the world, and as of this time this
giving in to Castro's indemnity and ran-
som demands can only be interpreted as
yielding to and being soft on and concili-
atory toward the Communists and
so-recognize a Cuban Government-in-
exile-we would not be able to continue,
in effect, to do business with Castro
through the Swiss Embassy, go on to
say-this is from the letter of March 12,
1962, signed by Mr. Frederick G. Dutton,
Assistant Secretary of State:
In addition, there are, as you know, a
number of U.S. citizens who still reside in
Cuba. The Swiss are trying to assist them,
Including some who are in prison and who
can only be reached through the efforts of
the Swiss Embassy in Havana.
U.S. citizens are in prison. Where is
the compassion for the U.S. citizens that
are in prison equal to the compassion
being shown by the administration
through Mr. Donovan with regard to the
Cuban exiles in prison?
No one has more sympathy for them
than I-the Cuban prisoners-but every-
one in Cuba is a prisoner today. The
whole population-millions of them are
prisoners. There are also Americans
who are prisoners. There are a hundred
thousand who are actually incarcerated.
Thousands of Americans lost their
lives in the two World Wars and In Ko-
rea fighting to uphold the dignity of
America and trying to affirm their dedi-
cation to freedom. Can we do less here
today? Can we compromise away to
Castro the causes for which they fought
and died?
These are some of the questions and
I want to get an answer to them. What
right does a private citizen, in view of
the Logan Act and the Trading With
the Enemy Act have in doing business
with Fidel Castro after it is stated that
this Government finds the Castro Com-
munist regime to be an enemy of this
country?
Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Madam
Speaker, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. CRAMER. I yield to the gentle-
man from Arizona.
Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I think the
gentleman will agree with me that there
is certainly a very great difference be-
tween the proposals as we have them by
rumor and the so-called tractors-for-
freedom matter. As I remember, the
tractors-for-freedom deal, with which
neither the gentleman from Florida nor
I agreed, they were to be bought with
money collected by private citizens.
However, if we can believe the reports
which we have had today over the wires,
communism. which reports certainly have not been
This is the thing I cannot understand. denied by the White House, there is
There are thousands more prisoners rot- ' every reason to think there will be tax-
ting in Castro's rathole prisons who payers-money used to pay the ransom
could be traded and could be made the for the prisoners of the Bay of Pigs
basis of further demands for further under this particular proposal.
indemnifications from this country or its If this is true and if we are actually
citizens. Where is the end of it? There going to pay from, this Government to
are 100,000 of them, it is estimated, in another government-to a dictator, if
Cuban prisons. you will-for the release of prisoners,
As a matter of fact, as I brought out there will never be another American
earlier in the day, based upon a letter released by a dictator or by an enemy
received by me from the Department of for free, will there?
State dealing with the question, which I think the answer is obviously "No."
replied to my inquiry of the State De- We are starting on a course of action
partment as to why they will not recog- here which will rise to haunt us in the
nize the free and non-Communist gov- future and which will cause every Amer-
ernment in exile to help them win back lean, wherever he may be throughout
their own freedom. I could hardly be- the world, to be in danger of being kid-
iieve the answer I got. But in that an- naped and captured and held for ransom.
swer, in which the excuse was if we did Once you allow yourself to be stamped
with that stamp which says you are a
sucker for and weak enough to give in to
ransom, then you will never get through
paying until you rise up on your hind legs
and solve the problem by physical force.
Mr. CRAMER, The gentleman is ab-
solutely correct. As a matter of fact, the
question of ransom is not necessarily, in
my opinion, whether the ransom Is raised
through a citizens' committee in the form
of American dollars or whether it is a
request for funds from the United States.
Although I agree there is a differentia-
tion as far as the taxpayers are con-
cerned, because the people should be even
more opposed and disturbed over any
thought of using the taxpayer's money,
their money, whether It be direct or not
for payment of ransom to Castro.
Mr. Speaker, I read that there is even
some possibility that U.S. cash may be
Involved, according to the news.
Mr. Speaker, I Just read that according
to the United Press "there were reports
that the Kennedy administration itself
was prepared to help finance part of the
ransom, but State Department and
White House officials declined comment
on any aspect of the private negotia-
tions."
Mr. Speaker, I thus also see by the
press that this is a cloak-and-dagger
operation. This is a very supersecret
job. This is one of Bobby Kennedy's
quickies-under the philosophy of do-it
before the people realize what is hap-
pening and the shock of realizing it has
been done will not be quite so great-po-
litically that is.
Mr. Speaker, I quote further from the
UPI release today:
Evidence mounted today that Government
officials are playing a behind-the-scenes role
in negotiations for the release of 1,113 pris-
oners in Cuba. Whatever the role may be.
it was cloaked in official silence.
Mr. Speaker, is it not the American
people's right to know what deal is being
cooked up with possibly their money and
wealth in the form of foodstuff surpluses
or otherwise which is involved in these
negotiatipns?
Mr. Speaker, I quote further:
But there was this evidence to link the
Government with efforts, ostensibly initiated
by relatives of the prisoners, to free them:
A report that James B. Donovan, Demo-
cratic candidate for U.S. Senator from New
York and attorney official representing the
families of the prisoners, actually was as-
signed to the negotiator's role last June by
Attorney General Robert F. Kennedy. Ken-
nedy said the report-published by the New
York World-Telegram and Sun-is untrue,
but it was known that Donovan visited the
Attorney General several times in recent
months.
The American people have been denied
any knowledge of these super-secret
negotiations on this vital matter, and
I ask why?
Permit me to say parenthetically that
it was reported in the press just the
other day, before his most recent visit,
that he visited the Attorney General's
office before he went down to Havana
to continue negotiations.
Mr. Speaker, quoting further the UPI
report today:
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1962 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 21867
A Justice spokesman declined to comment me, is a matter between, you might say, safeguards adopted in both the authorizing
on the subject that the prisoner negotia- the Kennedy family and the American legislation and the appropriations bill for
foreign aid, funds appropriated for foreign visits. tions were astcussed during these Dono. people aid may be used for the purpose of paying
On at least one of the visits, Donovan MSpeaker, I compliment the ransom to a Red dictator.
was accompanied by a State Department Madam a gentleman. He has done the right thing I respectfully request that your admin-
specialist on Cuban affairs. in asking that all the facts be given to istration divulge the extent to which it is
Does that not speak for itself? And the American people. involved in the negotiations of one James B.
further quoting: Mr. CRAMER. Madam Speaker, I Donovan, a Democratic candidate for the
Some Members of Congress informdd on thank the gentleman and to comment Senate from the State of New York, for the
progress of the negotiations indicated that further; one of the things that is so dis- release of the-Bay of Pigs prisoners. Specifi-
they expect Government funds to be used turbing to me is this. While these nego- cally, I would like to have the amount. of
money which has been or will be committed
for part of the cost of effecting the libera- tiations are going on to pay Castro o $eo $60
tion of the prisoners. to this purpose from foreign aid appropria-
million in one form or another to help tions, and the categories of aid from which
I am one of them. I have asked the support his Communist regime-and that such commitments have been or will be
k
t
o
eep made.
President of the United States or the is the obvious result of it,,it helps
time these
er
t th
y
e v
Secretary of State to advise me as to him in power-a
whether it is true or not, because all negotiations are going on, and inad-
of the press releases indicate it is and vertently Mr. Donovan is campaigning
I have condemned it. Under what for the Senate in New York down in
statute and under what law, and what Havana-we find Mr. Dorticos, the Pres-
authority is this done, -particularly in ident of Cuba, calling upon the United
view of the strong action taken by this Nations to condemn the United States,
it
d
U
h
body recently, expecting that trade
would be cut off and that any aid to
Castro would be cut off? We see now
that while the administration talks
rough, the administration talks tough,
when it comes to action it looks like it
uses a powder puff. Talk tough and
use a powderpuff-in dealing with the
Communists seems to be the rule of the
New Frontier.
Mr. PELLY. Madam Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr, CRAMER. I am glad to yield to
my colleague from Washington.
Mr. PELLY. Madam Speaker, I want
to compliment the gentleman from Flor-
ida for raising this issue on the floor of
this House, this issue of secret negotia-
tions by a U.S. citizen, a private citizen,
Mr. Donovan, with the Castro-Commu-
nist Government of Cuba, looking toward
n
e
e
with resulting riots around t
Nations evidencing U.S.-citizen distaste
for Castro and communism in Cuba. So
we find 'these negotiations for ransom
continuing and we find that even while
Mr. Donovan is in Havana, Castro, him-
self, is proclaiming again, "I am a true
Communist; I believe in communism."
He is telling it to the world again, so
there can be no doubt about it, he is a
Communist, his country under his rule is
Communist, and at the same time the
United States is hoping and planning
to pay him $60 million for ransom of
some prisoners through Mr. Donovan-
which he will use to continue to keep all
of Cuba a prison.
Mr. RHODES of Arizona, Madam
Speaker, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. CRAMER. I yield to the gen-
tlcman from Arizona. .
the payment of $60 million of ransom. Mr. RI-IODES of Arizona. Madam
I subscribe completely to the gentle- Speaker, today I sent a telegram to the
man's protest and associate myself in President of the United States on this
asking for an answer to the questions as general subject. I ask unanimous con-
to the authority for such negotiations. I sent to include it in the RccoaD at this
oppose any payment of ransom by any- point.
one of any kind through the connivance The SPEAKER. pro tempore (Mrs.
of our Government, to anyone in Com- GRANtHSN). Is there objection to the
munist Cuba. And secondly, and just as request of the gentleman from Arizona?
important, I want to join the gentle- -here was no objection.
man's protest to the withholding of facts The matter referred to follows:
and information from the American OCTOBER 10, 1962.
people. The Honorable JOHN F. KENNEDY,
It would be reprehensible it seems to President of the United States,
me to keep such negotiations secret until The White House,
Washington, D.C.:
they were an accomplished fact and it The apparent involvement of your admin-
was too late for public indignation- or istration with the rumored $62 million ran-
congressional action, or anything else, som deal with Castro is disturbing. As an
to stop them. As a matter of fact, any American citizen it disturbs me because if
such devious plan might so outrage pub- the rumors are correct, it is further evidence
lie opinion, it seems to me, that it could of the extent to which we have departed from
well invite a congressional impeachment the principles expressed by one of our promi-
roceeding. nent forefathers who was willing to provide
p "millions for defense, but not one cent for
Madam Speaker, the Secretary of tribute." As a Member of the Congress, I am
State should make immediately available disturbed because this would be further ad-
d +11 bli^ full ex- mission on the part of your administration
a
t
Mr. RHODES of
Speaker, will the
Arizona. Madam
gentleman yield
Mr. CRAMER. I yield to the gentle-
man.
Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Is it not
true that under the Logan Act the nego-
tiations of Mr. Donovan probably are not
legal; in fact, as a lawyer, having read
the act, I would say they probably are
not legal. If this is the situation, the
only thing the Attorney General of the
United States could have promised, if
indeed he promised Mr. Donovan any-
thing, is immunity from prosecution?
Mr. CRAMER. I think the gentleman
is. enlinently correct.
I just happen to --.lave a copy of the
Logan Act before me which I placed in
the REcoeD in the discussion on the trac-
tor deal, and the $62 million deal pre-
viously. Here it is:
Title 18, United States Code, section 953:
Private correspondence with foreign govern-
ments:
Any citizen of the United States, wherever
he may be, who, without authority of the
United States, directly or indirectly com-
mences or carries on any correspondence or
intercourse with any foreign government
or any officer or agent thereof, with intent
to influence the measures or conduct of any
foreign government or of any officer or agent
thereof, in relation to any disputes or con-
troversies with the United States, or to de-
feat the measures of the United States, shall
be fined not more than $5,000 or imprisoned
not more than three years, or both.
Mr. RHODES of Arizona. If the gen-
tleman will yield further, it follows that
Mr. Donovan could not have been an
agent of the U.S. Government for this
purpose because the Attorney General
could not have appointed him to carry
on negotiations with a foreign govern-
ment. Does it not follow that the only
thing that Mr. Donovan could have re-
ceived was the assurance of the Attorney
General that under this administration,
at least, he would not be prosecuted for
the violation of the laws of the United
States?
Mr. CRAMER. If his dealing had been
with the Attorney General, under the
o a pu ,.
to the press an
planation of what is going on. Certainly of its involvement in the Bay of Pigs tragedy. language of the Logan Act it is my opin-
no dealings could have been conducted As a Senator, you were critical of the ad- ion that the Attorney General does not
without the aid and support of the Gov- mission by President Eisenhower of our in- have power to give "the authority of the
ernment. And I might say that it is an volvement in the U-2 incident. Yet that in- United States," and therefore if he is not
odd thing-the gentleman mentioned volvement certainly did not weaken our in- able to give the authority to negotiate,
the Attorney General; the situation self-proclaimed laiaimed s pefailurre e in the the extent Cuban invasion vasion your which he obviously cannot do as Attor-
legally is such that any prosecution un- wpr se do. fail ney General, that would have to come
would
der the Logan Act would have to be by As a member of the Foreign Operations from the President or from the Secretary
the Attorney General. And, indeed, only Subcommittee of the Appropriations Com- of State. Then the other thing that
the President could pardon anyone who mittee, I am disturbed at the thought that in could be promised is what the gentle-
breached the law. So this, it seems to spite of the sentiments expressed and the man is suggesting, and that is immunity
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21868 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE
from prosecution, because the Attorney
General or one of the family clan or fam-
ily dynasty would be the one that would
have to bring the prosecution. I think
the gentleman is eminently correct.
I think this is a matter, because It has
come up now two or three times in recent
years under this administration, that
should get, and should get immediately,
the attention of the Committee on For-
eign Affairs, because I do not know of a
greater invasion of the rights of this
body or the rights of Congress, the Sen-
ate in particular, that could be involved
than to have a private person negotiat-
ing with a foreign government without
the Senate of the United States, pur-
suant to the Constitution of the United
States, having a right to look at the
agreement entered into through the
constitutional process of ratification.
I think that Is an invasion of the con-
stitutional rights and prerogatives of the
Congress of the United States, let alone
It is an Invasion of the proper functions
of the executive branch of the Govern-
ment, the President, and the executive
having the sole authority to do business
with foreign governments. I know of no
leaders in Congress who have-in the
usual tradition-been kept advised of
negotiations with this enemy govern-
ment. Is not even the Congress _ en-
titled to know?
I think the Committee on Foreign Af-
fairs. at least, ought to look Into this
entire matter. It ought to call Mr. Don-
ovan before it and ought to find out
exactly what this deal is and how much
it is going to cost the American tax-
payer, and consider the serious ques-
tions Involved that I have raised.
I was coming up here on a plane just
the other day, and I read my hometown
paper. Interestingly enough, it did not
appear in the Washington Post. I read
the St. Petersburg Times of Tuesday,
October 9, 1962, when Mr. Dorticos was
taking off on us, condemning the United
States. Here was the Associated Press
release from Havana carried In that
newspaper, again I say not in the Wash-
ington Post:
The U.S. Government was reported to
have supplied the difference in funds or the
equivalent in supplies after Cuban exile
organizations were unable to raise the
amount demanded.
The article was referring to the ran-
som for the prisoners.
The ransom for the prisoners reportedly
will consist of $60 million worth of food and
medicine which will be taken to Cuba In
Cuban ships. Castro originally had de-
manded $62 million for release of the pris-
oners.
Again:
The U.S. Government was reported to have
supplied the difference in funds or the
equivalent in supplies after Cuban exile
organizations were unable to raise the
amount demanded.
Further, from the press or otherwise
my source of information because I have
not gotten a reply to my wire asking
that this matter be brought to public at-
tention and asking what authority ex-
ists for such action. It clearly appears
that the U.S. Government is being put
by this administration in the wholly un-
tenable position, I might say unholy po-
sition, of negotiating with Fidel Castro
for the relief of these prisoners in the
amount of $60 million worth of money
or foodstuffs, and it Is being done In di-
rect contravention of the statement
made to the Congress of the United
States in very recent months. It makes
our policy In regard to non-shipments to
Cuba look just as foolish as it could be.
It makes our foreign policy about as two-
faced as it could be. I. for one, do not
understand it, and feel it is my duty to
protest it. Apparently, this administra-
tion has the attitude when It comes to
prisoner ransom and release: American
prisoners, no; Cuban prisoners, si. That
is apparently the policy.
Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Madam
Speaker, will the gentleman yield?
Mr. CRAMER. I yield to the gentle-
man.
Mr. RHODES of Arizona. Commu-
nism has been a failure throughout the
world. But of all the areas in which it
has failed, it has failed most dismally in
the area of providing food for Its own
people.
Mr. CRAMER. Right.
Mr. RHODES of Arizona. It seems we
are now in the process of giving food to
Poland and giving food to Yugoslavia
and now food to Cuba, and that appar-
ently we are trying desperately to make
up for the shortcomings of the Commu-
nist world. I congratulate the gentle-
man from Florida for bringing this to
the attention of the House and to the at-
tention of the American people. This
is certainly a situation which, if the
rumors are correct, deserves to be cor-
rected and deserves to be Investigated by
the appropriate bodies of this House.
Mr. CRAMER. I agree with the gen-
tleman and may I ask the gentleman,
does he know of any excuse why the
administration would keep this super-
secret and not make the negotiations
public?
Mr. RHODES of Arizona. I certainly
do not, particularly when I remember
how, during the previous administration,
many people who are prominent in this
administration were talking so much
about the right to know, about freedom
of information. I believe in the right
to know on the part of the American
people, and I hope the administration
will begin to practice the extension of
this right to know as so many of those
people were preaching during the pre-
vious administration.
Mr. CRAMER. The New Frontier
propagandists have been trying to make
It appear that those who oppose this
are not interested in the release of these
prisoners, are somehow more patriotic
and I said so in a resolution I Introduced,
I am interested in their release but I
October 10.
rent Resolution 459, and the previous
resolution, House Concurrent Resolution
479, I received a letter from Dr. Elpidio
Garcia which I put in the RECORD. He
happens to be a former prosecutor for
the Government before the supreme
court of Cuba and attorney general, and
he joined me in opposing the ransom
deal. Here is what he said about it:
A little over a year ago, a group of my
fellow citizens, pledging their lives to their
duty and their country, devoted themselves
to the glorious task of reconquering their
freedom and independence. The successful
outcome of that valiant effort was prevented
by reasons which are known to everybody.
We are unable to render any other offering
or tribute to the unselfishness and sacrifice
of our captive brothers than our grief and
self-denial as we see them imprisoned, but
we cannot diminish the magnitude of their
glory or of their service to the country by
buying their freedom-the freedom of the
unfortunate hostages in the hands of the
wretch who seized them-or of the high-
wayman who imprisoned them-nor can we
offer their hopes for freedom anything else
but our unswerving determination to recon-
quer their freedom, even if it should cost
us our lives.
Thank you very much, Mr. CRAMER, for
the dignified, reasonable, and courageous bill
presented by you to both the House and the
Senate, which I have had the good fortune
of reading and which preserves the dignity
of our prisoners, the honor of our fellow
citizens, and the decorum of our brothers,
Grateful Cuba will know how to thank you
for your noble and honorable initiative.
May the Lord grant the Cubans success In
the final battle for our freedom, with the
aid, cooperation, and stimulus of our in-
vincible brothers, the Americans.
That is what even the Cubans feel
about this abortive ransom deal. Let us
hope the New Frontier does not make
the United States party to another
Cuban debacle as seems to be planned
and underway. God help America if we
continue to compromise our honor, our
dignity, and dissipate our moral strength
in this fight against atheistic commu-
nism as we have been doing in Cuba and
are apparently bent on doing again.
I include my wire and ask for some
answers:
OCTOBER 9, 1962.
The Honorable JOHN F. KENNEDY,
President of the United States,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
The Honorable JosEPH CAMPBELL,
Comptroller General of the United States,
General Accounting Office,
Washington, D.C.
The Honorable DEAN Russ,
Secretary of State,
Washington, D.C.:
Regarding 1560 million foodstuffs and medi-
cine exchange as ransom for Cuban pris-
oners which by all news reports is to include
U.S.-owned, taxpayer-paid-for foodstuffs to
make up the difference between volunteered
funds and the $62 million demanded, I
strongly protest this or any expenditure of
'
money through U.S.-owned food-
am actually interested in the release of taxpayers
stuffs for the ransom of Cuban prisoners as
all other prisoners with dignity and per- being contrary to the basic statement of
manent freedom-without getting down policy by Congress calling for an authoriz-
on our knees to Castro-without humili- ing specific action to rid this hemisphere of
ation. The way to release them is by Castro and communism. In view of the
recognizing a government-in-exile of strong public protest against the tractors-
the refugees and by supporting them. for-prisoners proposal, and in view of the
They would win back freedom for all downgrading of our prestige as the leading
Cubans nation of the free nations of the world by
g of t the our PigsiIn ation in and
This Is not only my view, but when I thus
introduced the resolution, House Concur- conciiatoryitud toward iCastro, and hav-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE 21869
Ing introduced resolutions opposing both the
-tractors deal and the $62 minion ransom
.deal, I feel I must express my deep concern
and shock over the secret negotiations that
are even yet not fully revealed between the
-United States, through a private citizen,
and Castro. In view of the restrictive lan-
=guage written into the mutual security bill
instructing the withholding of aid to.coun-
tries that do business with Castro, and the
alouse Cuban resolution calling for strong
and affirmative action to get rid of Castro
and the Communists, I am specifically re-
questing information as to what possible
authority exists for the spending of any por-
tion of the $60 million by the Government
of the United States in payment of ransom
to the enemy Communist Fidel Castro and,
further, even if such legal authority exists,
which is unknown to me, how can the
United States be put in the position of
strengthening Castro and communism on the
one hand by delivering shipments to Cuba
of $60 million worth of American substance,
when calling on the other hand for all other
countries to stop all other types of ship-
ments to Cuba. How two-faced can our
foreign policy objectives be? How incon-
sistent can our actions be? How confused
the entire free world must be? Historically,
the United States has never paid ransom or
indemnity and this precedent will come to
haunt the United States and the free world
of the future. I am asking that this super-
secret-negotiation be called to a halt before
irreparable damage to U.S. prestige is done.
It is further inconceivable to me that, and
I question the legality of; a private citizen,
namely Mr. Donovan, would be allowed to
negotiate with an enemy government on be-
half of the United States-with the Castro
government-declared to be an enemy gov-
ernment by the Congress in its resolution
and by the President in -invoking the Trad-
ing With the Enemy Act to prevent the In-
shipment of Havana tobacco of recent date.
Such negotiations are considered a violation
of the spirit If not the letter of the Logan
Act and it has been the general policy of
Congress to oppose any trade with the en-
emy as set forth in the Trading With the
Enemy Act. The basic policies for freedom
and against communism are all being vio-
lated, in my opinion, in this abortive deal-
and I strongly -protest making Castro
stronger, our anti-Communist efforts a
laughing stock throughout the world, and
the establishment of a policy of paying
taxpayer money to Castro for indemnity and
ransom inherent in this supersecret deal,
kept secret purposely and negotiated by a
private citizen, I specifically ask these
questions: - .
1. What- authority exists for anyone to
negotiate for payment in U.S. Government-
owned foodstuffs to Castro and the Com-
munists?
2. How much in U.S. owned foodstuffs
and other things of value are being made
available for this purpose?
3. What right does Donovan or any other
private citizen have to negotiate with Castro
and an enemy government?
4. If Donovan is negotiating on behalf of
private citizens only, what right does he
have under the Logan Act to do so-let
alone a violation of recent policy statement
of the Congress? Doesn't his visit to Cuba
require Government approval?
5. If Donovan is negotiating in a manner
that obligates the U.B. Government to make
up the difference between contributions and
the $60 million demanded, Is he doing so
as an agent of the U.S. Government?
6. Why hasn't a full disclosure of all the
facts been made before the -deal is closed be-
tween Castro and Donovan?
WILLIAM C. CRAMER,
Member of Congress.
No. 186-22
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs.
CRANAITAN), The time of the gentle-
man has expired.
BONNEVILLE ELECTRIC POWER IN
IDAHO MEANS INDUSTRIAL
GROWTH AND OPPORTUNITY
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mrs.
GRANAJIAN). Under previous order of
the- House, the gentlewoman from Idaho
'[Mrs. PFOST] is? recognized for 30 min-
utes. '
Mrs. PFOST. Madam Speaker, for
years the people of my State -of Idaho
have been seeking ways to expand oppor-
tunities for our businessmen, to spur our
industrial growth, to create a stronger
economy, and to widen the horizons of
our children.
I am sincerely convinced, Madam
Speaker, that if Idaho is to continue to
move forward, and to keep pace with the
rest of the Nation, we must bring low-
cost electric power from the Federal
Bonneville Dam into - our State.
Two moves are in the making to do
this. First, the Federal Government is
considering action which will assure
Idaho its fair share of Northwest public
power, and second, the Congress has be-
fore it legislation to retain for the North-
west, first call on Northwest power. I
am sponsoring both moves.
Now, there are those who say: "Let's
keep low-cost Federal power out of
Idaho."
I say: "Let's get our share."
Who- is really fighting for the people
of the State? I dontend I am, and here
in my hand is the proof.
'These are Idaho Power Co. bills ren-
dered within the last year to the citizens
of Idaho. This bill is for $11.50 for 800
kilowatt hours. In Milton-Freewater,
just across the State line in Oregon, the
charge for the same service-the same
number of kilowatt hours-is $7, 63 per-
cent more in Idaho than in Oregon.
Here is another one. It is for 1270
kilowat hours. The cost in Idaho was
$18.88. It would have been only $9.35 in
Milton-Freewater, 102 percent more in
Idaho.
Here are some other bills. This one is
62 percent higher, this one 65 percent,
and this one 105 percent higher. -
Kilowatt-
hours
Idaho
power
cost
BI'A
cost
through
public
utilities
Percent
bigl er
730--____
-$10.87
$6.65
$4.25
800----------
11.50
7.00
4.50
ii90_.------
12.31
7.45
4.80
1,270---------
18.88 `
9. 35
9.63
1,310------_-_
19.58
9. IN
10.03
Why are these costs so much higher in
Idaho than Oregon? Because Oregon
has Bonneville Power, and in the area in
which these bills were rendered, Idaho
does not.
Let us look at some examples of what
it costs to run a business in Idaho.
Westvaco Corp. of Pocatello paid the
Idaho Power Co. $3,110,500 for electricity
in 1960. With BPA power they would
have saved $1,380,000. How many jobs
does that add up to?
In 1961, Monsato Chemical Corp. paid
$2,807,799 to the Utah Power & Light
Co., while Central Farmers paid this same
company $1,405,394. This is a total of
almost $712 million.
if these three big phosphate com-
panies had been served directly by
Bonneville, they would have saved more -
than half of their power costs, or nearly
$4 million in 1 year.
Think what this much money could
do to offset the high freight rates which
plague the West, and- how much more
competitive it could make Idaho phos-
phates in a bigger marketing area-not
to mention cheaper fertilizer for Idaho's
own farmers. Convert that amount into
plant facilities and monthly paychecks.
With lower Bonneville power rates
Idaho phosphate companies could in-
crease their production fourfold by 1:980,
create 3,000 new jobs in their plants and
6,000 new jobs in supporting industries
and businesses. More out-of-State dol-
lars would come into Idaho to help pay
Idaho wages and Idaho taxes. Without
low-cost power officials of these com-
panies have made it clear that not only
can there be no expansion in Idaho, but
they may have to move their operations
to another State.
I also say "let's get our share," because
we are entitled to it.
Maybe you cannot tell by the color of
the water, but that's Idaho water gen-
erating electricity at the Lower Snake
and Columbia River Dams. Waters
rising in Idaho produce almost 27 per-
cent of the power at Ice Harbor, McNary,
the Dalles and Bonneville Dams, and at
John Day when it is completed.
This amounts to nearly 6 billion kilo-
watt hours per year. Six billion not mil-
lion-"B" as in bread and butter. Yet,
only 207 million kilowatt hours comes
into Idaho, and that only in a few
northern counties. And remember we
are not talking about power that will be
generated some time in the future, we
are talking about power that is being
generated today-this very minute.
Idaho water produces for others 33
times as much low-cost Federal power as
Idaho now gets from BPA; 12 times as
much as the Bureau of Reclamation
produces in Idaho for Idaho.
Why are we not getting our share, and
at rates homeowners and industries else-
where in the Northwest are getting Fed-
eral power? Somebody is selling Idaho
down the river.
What is worse we are being sold out
by Idahoans Tdahoans who raise the
phony arguments of "danger to our wa-
ter rights," "unfair competition," and
"who is going to pay the taxes?"
Idaho water rights will not be im-
paired by bringing Bonneville Power Ad-
ministration into southern Idaho.
Bonneville does not run the dams-the
Bureau of Reclamation and the Corps
of Engineers do that. Bonneville just
sells the power. Here in Idaho, the Bu-
reau of Reclamation will continue to
make water releases in accordance with
State laws. It is a well-established pol-
icy of the Bureau - and the Corps of En-
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21870 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
gineers that irrigation rights come first,
and power production must be consistent
with such use.
Not once since the beginning has any-
body in the Columbia Basin complained
that the Bureau's operation of Grand
Coulee Dam for the Bonneville Power
system has kept needed water from the
land.
Bonneville will provide competition for
our private utilities, all right. but hardly
"unfair competition." Just look at what
has happened to the private utilities in
Washington and Oregon who -face
Bonneville competition. Their rates are
down, and their sales and profits and
stock market values are up. They have
learned how to make more money by
selling more power at less cost. And
none of them is applying for a 13-per-
cent rate increase. They are selling res-
idential power for less today than they
did in 1938. Idaho Power Co. is not.
But their profits are just as big at Idaho
Power's. They have gained. and their
customers have gained.
Taxes? As their sales and profits have
gone up, so have the taxes of these pri-
vate utilities outside Idaho. The same
will be true of Idaho Power Co. when the
competition of low-cost Federal power
forces it to lower rates and increase
sales. Idaho will not lose any taxes from
Idaho Power Co., but will get more.
Even more important, low-cost Federal
power will create new taxable wealth,
spread the tax burden, and keep your
own taxes lower than they otherwise
would be.
Low-cost power brings industrial
growth that makes new payrolls and
profits to be taxed. The industries at-
tracted to Oregon and Washington and
western Montana by low-cost Bonneville
power generally are the biggest single
taxpayers in their respective counties.
Low-cost power creates the wealth that
pays the taxes.
Now, as I have said, Madam Speaker.
if we are going to get our share, two
things must be done. First, we must get
the Bonneville Power Administration's
service area extended to include all of
Idaho. Senator CRUNCH. the gentleman
from Idaho, Cony=ressman WARDING, and
and I have asked that this be done. Sec-
retary Udall, who has the authority to
extend BPA service into all of Idaho,
has directed BPA to make a feasibility
study in coopera' ion with the Bureau of
Reclamation. That study is now well
underway, and we hope it will be favor-
able. If it is favorable, and if the people
of Idaho indicate they want Bonneville
service, the Secretary will Issue the nec-
essary marketing order.
Second, the House of Representatives
must pass my regional preference bill
which assures the Northwest of first call
on all Federal power produced in the
Northwest. The Senate has already
passed a companion measure. At Ares,
ent, any power in excess of the needs of
the Northwest could be sold elsewhere.
Right now Bonneville's marketing area
includes all of Washington, most of Ore-
gon, western Montana, and the panhan-
dle of Idaho. All those areas will be
protected by this legislation. If south-
ern Idaho is included in the BPA mar-
keting area, the legislation would extend
the same protection to southern Idaho,
Advances In technology make this leg-
islation absolutely necessary. Until very
recently you could not transmit electric
power, economically, more than 400
miles. There was no way for Northwest
power to leave the Northwest. But to-
day we can transmit electricity up to
1,000 miles, or even 2,000 miles, economi-
cally.
Further, existing law says Bonneville
Power Administration shall sell its pow-
er anywhere within economic transmis-
sion distance, and give preference to
public agencies. There are any number
of public agencies within transmission
distance who would like to have our pow-
er. If transmission lines are built, with-
out regional preference legislation to
protect us, these agencies could demand
Northwest Federal power ahead of our
Industries, ahead of our private utilities,
and on par with our own public utili-
ties-municipalities, REA's, and so on.
Bonneville does not want to sell firm
power elsewhere at the expense of North-
west customers. But Bonneville is will-
ing and even anxious to sell its surplus
secondary power to other areas. Unlike
firm power, which is based on the low-
est streamflows of record, secondary
power cannot be guaranteed for delivery
day in and day out. year in and year out
because it is produced during high wa-
ter periods.
As a result, there is practically no mar-
ket for this kind of power in the North-
west. But there is a market for it in
California as a cheaper substitute for
electricity produced in steamplants that
burn coal, oil, or gas. When low-cost
northwest secondary power is available,
these plants can be shut down, and fuel
can be saved. When it Is not available,
these plants can be fired up again and
electric service can be continued without
interruption. California is willing to
take our surplus power on that basis.
Bonneville is faced with the problem of
either selling this secondary power
wherever it can be sold, in order to help
preserve its low rates, or to let it go to
waste and raise rates. And rates are
very important to us in the Northwest.
It is not just an ample power supply, but
an ample supply of low-cost power that
attracts industries and makes jobs and
builds our region.
As you may know, all Bonneville reve-
nues go to the Federal Treasury to repay,
with interest, the Federal Government's
investment in Northwest power dams.
Every year for its first 20 years, Bonne-
ville always was ahead of schedule in
repaying the Treasury. Five years ago
BPA was. cumulatively. $78 million
ahead of schedule. But 5 straight deficit
years have cut BPA's surplus to $20 mil-
lion. More annual deficits are threat-
ened unless BPA can sell its secondary
power. Ironically, in every deficit year
BPA has had more unsold secondary
power than the amount of the deficit.
This secondary power could mean an
extra $15 million in revenue each year.
The danger is this: if Bonneville builds
the lines or otherwise makes arrange-
ments to sell this secondary power in
California without regional preference
October 10
legislation being enacted first, California
public agencies-under existing laws-
can demand not only the Northwest's
surplus secondary power, but firm power
as well-power that is desperately needed
here.
This is true whether the transmission
lines be Federal or private.
Let us make one more point clear: This
pending regional preference legislation
does not authorize an Intertie. BPA al-
ready has authority to sell anywhere
within transmission distance. As a mat-
ter of fact, 3 years ago BPA was all
set to hook up with a California private
utility, and would have if the Senate In-
terior Committee, at the insistence of
Senators MAGNusoN and JACKSON and
CHURCH, had not stopped them. These
and other northwest Senators demanded
that regional preference legislation be
passed first, so the people of the North-
west would continue to have first call on
northwest Federal power.
What this really gets down to is a
case of protecting one of the Northwest's
most valuable resources-its low-cost
Federal power-rather than putting it in
danger of export to California on a per-
manent and irrevocable basis. A vote
against this legislation is a vote to risk
the permanent sale of Northwest re-
scurces to other States. A vote for this
legislation is a vote to protect our north-
west resources and our people. That's
why seven of the eight northwest Sena-
tors voted for regional preference legis-
lation. I regret that our new Republican
Senator from Idaho was the only north-
west Senator who did not vote for this
measure.
I have been fighting for it in the House
of Representatives, along with most
northwest Democrats in the House and
most if not all the House Republicans
from the Northwest.
We must keep BPA rates low. We must
retain first call on northwest Federal
power. And we must get Bonneville
power into all of Idaho. This is the way
to build our State. This is the way to
make more business opportunities and
more jobs for Idaho people-the way to
make a future for our children and keep
them in Idaho. This is the way to lower
our electric bills. This is the way every
Idahoan can add $60, $90, $120 a year
to his income by savings on his electric
bills. This is the way to broaden our
tax base.
This is the way the farmer, the home-
owner, the worker, the businessman and,
yes, even the Idaho Power Co. can profit
and prosper in a healthy, vigorous, and
growing Idaho economy.
THE 87TH CONGRESS-PROGRES-
SIVE AND IMPRESSIVE
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from West Virginia [Mr. STAGGERS]
is recognized for 20 minutes.
Mr. STAGGERS. The record of the
2d session of the 87th Congresshas in-
deed been both progressive and impres-
sive. Legislative and administrative
action has emerged which means so
much to us nationally, internationally-
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