CUBA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230033-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 4, 2004
• Sequence Number: 33
• Publication Date: January 1, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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rimer and ehuantepec. All of this was more
t~iaiour eentur'les ago.
Leong before the North American Revolu-
tion 4:k_, e., b.wars of liberation -in Latin
America, ,, the.1clea_of an isthmian canal had
become an ancient historical conception,
familiar. ,to_ many leaders of the Western
Hemisphere. No. better expression of its
slgnidcanoe can be found than that of Simon
Bolivar, who, In 1815, declared. "That
magnificent portion (of America), situated
between the two. oceans, will in time become
the emporium. of the universe. Its canals
will si),ortezt. the distances of the world, and
will st,engthen the commercial ties of Fu-
rope; and Asia."
VAI,EDIcTORY
Einaliy, fellow students, many of you here
today are lgaking forward to the time of
your graduation and pondering whether the
future will. Offer you challenging opportuni-
ties. I say to you that there is no limit to
sueh.opportunities, but they will come only
to thus, who?are.prepared to seize them and
are willing to accept the inevitable responsi-
bilities, lx voive4.
REMARKS OF JULIA Doasgv REED ON UNVEIL-
ING OF BUST OF CAPTAIN DUVAL
Memb o1 the faculty, special guests, and
students of Woodrow Wilson High School,
in the original arrangements for today's stu-
dent assembly, It was planned for Ross It.
Williams, of Winsted, Conn., the sculptor and
donor of the bust of our speaker, to address
Us and to unveil his own creation. Unfor-
tunately, serious illness in his family has
prevented him, from leaving his home and he
has requested.jne to_act for him.
Who, is Mr. Williams? A native of Phila-
delphia, Pa., with southern ancestral lines, he
is a graduate p1 the Wharton School of Fl-
nance, University of Pennsylvania. Entering
the Navy during World War II as a young
officer, he Was eventually assigned to the
Canal Zone at Balboa and worked closely
with our speaker during the time the latter
was lnaklug some of his important researches
on the operational problems of the Panama
Canal,
Highly gifted in sculpture, Mr. Williams,
found the head and face of our speaker as
offering a challenge for portrayal. Starting
on his task in his spare time early
January 1944, he completed the bust in
March, almost at the same time that Captain
,March, was finishing his basic canal studies.
These, facts make the bust a unique gift
with historical significance for which, on be-
half of the Woodrow Wilson High School, I
express our fullest appreciation.
Leaving the service after the war, Mr. Wil-
liams entered business in New York and
founded theR.it, Williams Co. of which he
was president, and later relocated in Con-
necticut.. Us--has been widely hailed as a
worthy subject for a modern Horatio Alger.
On behalf of the sculptor, Ross R. Wil-
liams, of Connecticut, I now unveil the bust
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle
milil from New Hampshire [Mr. WYMAN1
Is recognized for 10 minutes.
Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, I address
myself, biefly, to a matter that seems to
me at this hour to be of genuine urgency.
This. is the security of this hemisphere.
No matter what the President may
have said, or his brother for that matter,
it requires no Senate or House investiga-
tion to realize that without inspection
we do not know,wh%t lnissVes have been
removed from Cuba. Nor, for that mat-
ter, do we know what has been brought
to the island since the so-called blockade
was lifted. Nor, while I am on the sub-
ject, did we actually board and search
any Communist vessels while conditions
of quarantine were imposed.
Mr. Speaker, in my opinion the existing
situation in Cuba is intolerable from any
American point of view. Until we take a
look-and keep looking-on the ground
and underground in Cuba, not merely by
aerial surveillance, we cannot and do not
know, the actual potential to harm our
people that exists in Cuba.
I have long urged that our foreign pol-
Icy should once again invoke the Monroe
Doctrine with teeth in it. Atomic de-
struction can be launched from MIG's
not alone from guided missiles. Even
were we to assume that the Communist
ego-maniac who now professes to head
Cuba were never to launch an atomic
weapon, the existence In Cuba of enemy
airforces and Soviet submarine techni-
cians constitutes aggression in this
hemisphere. The island is so close to
our shores that detection of even low-
flying aircraft carrying horribly destruc-
tive weapons would lack those precious
minutes needed to scramble our own Air
Force to the air.
Mr. Speaker, we have just got to take
a look in Cuba-and keep looking. Not
the United Nations, but the United
States and the United States unilaterally
if need be.
Our very survival may depend upon
this-not to mention the respect of the
rest of the free world.
I do not understand what manner of
influence within the executive branch of
our Government, be its source the De-
partment of State or otherwise, has
"caused this Nation to allow a Communist
squatter tyrant to bulldoze the United
States, to imprison our citizens, to kill
and enslave innocent peoples, to estab-
lish a military potential against our
country on our soft underside, astride the
Panama Canal, and all as open agent of
an enemy power that seeks to destroy the
United States.
Can it be that some who have the
President's ear continue to tell him that
if we are nice to Communists they will
be nice to us? What nonsense is this?
What sheer folly for America.
Yet we know that at a time when the
President knew full well that we were
moving toward decisive action in Cuba he
went to Indiana and in a political speech
attacked Senator Homer Capehart for
urging the very same thing. Is there no
limit to political chicanery? Mr. Speak-
er, this is a tremendously serious matter,
Security does not lend itself to partisan
politics.
We must not allow the U.S.S.R. to fur-
ther exploit the military advantage of
Cuba's geographical location. Firmness
is sorely needed now-for ourselves and
for our children to follow us.
In the name of honor, of principle, of
commonsense, of national security, of
territorial integrity, Mr. Speaker, let us
be on with what we know has to be done
in Cuba. Let us demand immediate and
coitinuing ground inspection by the
1089
United States. If refused, let us achieve
this necessary protection by force if need
must be.
Above all, let there be an end to this
administration's practice of playing poli-
tics with America's survival.
FS. PORTS SHOULD BE CLOSED TO
ALLIED SHIPPERS TRADING WITH
CUBA
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
LISONATI). Under previous order of
the House, the gentleman from Florida
[Mr. ROGERS] is recognized for 10 min-
utes.
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak-
er, during the closing days of the 87th
Congress we were all alarmed at the in-
tensified Soviet buildup which was
underway in Cuba. On September 20,
1962, I urged that the United States take
affirmative action in dealing with those
allies shipping to Cuba by closing U.S.
ports to them. Shortly after the date of
my request, I was gratified to see the
State Department announcement that
plans were underway to close U.S. ports
to free world shipping interests engaged
in Cuban haulage, and that my recom-
mendation prohibiting American goods
much as Public Law 480 surplus foods
would not be allowed as cargo on these
vessels. It was understood at the time
the announcement was made that the
port ban would go into effect in a matter
of weeks. Then Congress adjourned.
Now, some 3 months later, the State
Department advises me that action on
this plan has not yet been taken.
The events which followed during the
missile crisis this past fall gave proof
that the United States was determined
to hold a firm policy on Cuba. These
same events also created serious hazards
for any shipping in Cuban waters, and
this traffic diminished.
However, recent reports are that there
may be another Soviet buildup in Cuba.
Since November 20, the date of the U.S.
naval blockade was lifted, more than 30
Communist-bloc ships have arrived in
Cuba to unload cargo. Furthermore, I
am advised that some 20 ships from
outside the Communist bloc also deliv-
ered cargo to Cuba during the period
from November 20 to December 15.
Mr. Speaker, this represents a period
of not quite 4 weeks in which the num-
ber of Allied vessels trading in Cuba
equals 40 percent of the total.
During the last weeks of the Congress
an investigation into the general prob-
lem of free world shipping to Cuba was
held by the House Select Committee on
Export Control. That investigation
yielded a direct relation between Allied
shipping to Cuba and the transformation
of that island into a military base by
the Soviet Union. The Communist
merchant fleet is limited in size. By
chartering Allied hulls for nonmilitary
shipments, the Soviets were thus able to
assume the total burden of militariza-
tion themselves. This same principle
applies now.
The crisis which the President thrust
before the world on October 22, 1962,
when,.h,e_ moved to protect the .security
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE January 2&
of this hemisphere served not only to
Impress the Soviets with the seriousness
of U.S, Intentions, but impressed the
rest of the world as well. Almost over-
night those Latin American nations who
were our true allies cable quickly to sup-
port this Nation. They realized that the
presence of Soviet equipment in this
hemisphere a serious threat to their se-
curity as well as ours. Now that our
Latin American neighbors have seen the
treachery of the Communists, I am hope-
ful that measures will be taken in the
Organization of American States to
further Isolate Castro with economic
boycott and other forms of separation
from our community of nations.
I further hope that those nations in
other parts of the world will support the
United States In Its efforts to isolate
Castro. Hopefully, there will be no
repetition of last year, when our friends
tainted our friendship for cargo fees
which amounted to not more than I
percent of the total world's shipping.
Mr. Speaker, the United States should
act now to close Its ports to any shipping
engaged In traffic with Cuba. Not only
would such action serve to remind the
world that the United States has not
altered its previous position, but deny-
ing these ports would further prohibit
Amerieari cargoes from financing part of
the voyage.
In addition, barring U.S. ports to
Cuban trade vessels would deny them
Public Law 480 cargoes. There is no
justification for U.S. taxpayers support-
ing any vessel which traffics with Cuba.
Each year the United States generates
exports of millions of dollars worth of
subsidized surplus foods. In fiscal year
1962 the U.S. Government exported $1.5
billion worth of these foodstuffs. The
total amount of Public Law 480 exports
equals $0.1 billion since the program was
started some 8 years ago. Mr. Speaker.
as you Can see, these exports represent
a sizable amount of business for the
world's shipping interests.
I am informed that the plan for closing
U.S. ports has been completed, and is at
this moment awaiting Presidential ap-
proval before being put into action. I
urge that this approval be given as soon
as possible in order that this long over-
due ban may finally be imposed.
Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I am glad
to yield to my colleague.
Mr. HALEY. I have-Just listened with
a great deal of Interest- to the remarks
of the gentleman who Just spoke about
the situation In Cuba. The situation is
bad in Cuba. I think this Congress or
some Committee of -the Congress should
thoroughly to into -the situation down
there because T think there still are mis-
sile bases in Cuba. - Mr. Speaker, the
time to have taken drastic action and
firm action fn ?Cifba was in 1958 when
certain people in- our country were
bringing -and' the "news media of this
Country were bringing Castro to power.
They had amble warning at that time
as to what the situation was. So I say,
W. Speaker, the time to have taken ac-
tion in Cuba was In 1958, 1959 or 1960 or
1961 before great powers became in-
volved in the Cuba situation. We gave
Cuba her freedom. Therefore, she, In a
way is our child, and we are more or less
responsible for that child. So we should
have taken action at that particular
time. If we had done so, we would not
be having this deplorable situation that
we have today. I thank my colleague
for yielding.
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I thank the
gentleman.
Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I yield to
the gentleman from New Hampshire.
Mr. WYMAN. Mr. Speaker, the gen-
tleman's suggestion that the time to
have acted was in 1958 and 1959 un-
doubtedly was intended to leave the Im-
pression that responsibility for the situa-
tion In Cuba should be placed on another
administration than the one presently
in power. This subject of national se-
curity should be bipartisan, but the
hour is late. We all know that although
when we had cancer of a toe we might
have stopped its further spread by ex-
cision, but did not. Were it then to
spread to the ankle, and then threaten
our knee-if before that time we know
that life can be saved only by a drastic
operation at the hip-we know what has
to be done. We must operate.
The situation down in Cuba has de-
generated to the point where we are all
deeply concerned as to the nature of the
operation that is needed to cure it. We
cannot afford to Ignore it or turn the
other cheek. The Armed Forces are
deeply concerned. So are our people and
they would be more so if they were fully
informed. We must Inspect.
Mr. HALEY. Mr. Speaker, if the
gentleman will yield, let me say to my
distinguished friend from New Hamp-
shire that the delegation from Florida
In 1958 tried to warn this House of
what was happening. We did likewise in
1959. In 1960, and again In 1981. 1 do
not lay this on anybody's doorstep; I say
that the American Congress and the
American President who has the facil-
ities to gather information should have
known what was going on and should
have alerted the American people and
us. All one had to do was to see who
that bearded deliquent down there hgd
around him to know what the eventual
outcome of the situation would be in
Cuba. Despite our warnings and efforts
no action was taken by the Congress or
the President. I again say that we ought
to take action before more powers are
involved.
Today the gentleman is well aware of
the fact a move by this country Into
Cuba could well bring on world war M.
Is that what the gentleman Is advocat-
ing now?
Mr. WYM.4N. Mr. Speaker. i do not
know what the gentleman from Florida
suggests in the way of a present course
of action, but it is certain that the very
security and future of this country is
imperiled unless we can inspect the is-
land of Cuba and keep It under continu-
ing inspection. If we do not inspect the
island of Cuba and maintain such a
careful continuing inspection, our fu-
ture Is imperiled. It is something which
Is absolutely essential for our own sur-
vival. If we do not do this now we
mortgage the future of all of our plans
and operations. I suggest that the
course of action which I have today rec-
ommended is sound. It is constructive.
It is not territorial acquisition but merely
continuing physical onsite inspection.
The hour is late. It is no answer to say
that certain great powers or certain
great risks are involved. We must insist
upon inspection now-facing as we are,
a rapidly deteriorating situation in Cuba.
Such firmness will not mean war-but
continued American weakness surely
will.
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. I may say
we must take steps that can bring posi-
tive results. We would all like to do cer-
tain things. Of course risk Is Involved.
But I do think closing American ports
can bring positive action, something we
can do and bring about some realresults
immediately.
TALKING BOOKS PROGRAM EX-
TENDED TO QUADRIPLEGICS AND
THE NEAR BLIND
(Mr. CUNNINGHAM (at the request
of Mr. Bs'rvix) was given permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD.)
Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker,
one of the finest programs of the Federal
Government in cooperation with our
State governments is the talking books
program. Under this program, blind
persons are -able to be entertained, in-
formed, and educated. For the Federal
Government, this program is adminis-
tered by the Library of Congress Divi-
sion for the Blind.
Last year I introduced a bill to extend
this service to persons who have lost
the use of or lost all four limbs. This
would afford such persons, who must
be immobile in many cases, the advan-
tages of keeping up to date on our
literature, of learning more about cur-
rent events, and of being entertained
by books new and old. The Library of
Congress, in reporting to the House Ad-
ministration Committee, was generally
favorable to my bill, although there was
a recommendation from the Division for
the Blind that it might also include per-
sons who are not totally blind but who
are unable to see well enough to read.
This suggestion has much merit, but
there is also the difficulty of determining
just where to draw the line for purposes
of legislation. Through its chairman,
the gentleman from Texas [Mr. BURLE-
sox], the House Administration Commit-
tee has asked the National Institutes of
Health to draw up such guidelines as
necessary. Work is going forward in
this regard.
Interest in extending the talking book
program has also been shown in the other
body, especially by the Senator from
Texas IMrr. TOWER]. In the last Con-
gress. he introduced legislation to extend
this program to persons who have lost
the use of both arms.
I am today introducing a new bill to
extend the talking books program to
Include both persons who have lost the
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COIIORESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE
use of all four limbs or have lost all
tour`,limbs--quadriplegics-and to per-.
sons , who have sight defects and are
unable to see well enough to read. A
precise definition and guidelines in the
latter group will have to await a com-
pletion of studies by the National In-
stitutes of Health.
I have been most encoura?ed by the
Interest shown by the chairman of the
House Administration Committee and by
members of the committee. I am hope-
ful that a meeting of minds will be pos-
sible and that the talking books program
may be extended to other persons who
have a real need for it.
Under the talking books program, the
Federal Government provides record
players for the homes of the blind. Blind
persons then periodically select books
which they want to "read" and records
are sent to them containing recordings
of someone reading the books aloud.
The distribution is carried out by State
and `private nonprofit groups. Under
this program,' the blind are able to
"read" new books and old favorites, and
relatives and friends are relieved of the
duty of reading aloud.
POST OFFICE DEPARTMENT
(Mr. SN'YDER (at the request of Mr.
BATTIK) was given permission to extend
his remarks at this point In the RECORD.)
Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, under
leave heretofor granted to extend my re-
marks, I 'wish today to address myself
to a matter which Is of much concern
to me.
Since my election on November 6, 1962,
I have found the various agencies and
departments of the U.S. Government to
be most cooperative and helpful to me in
my endeavor to understand the great
problems that confront the world today
and In my effort to be of service to my
constituents in the Third Congressional
District of tentucky. There has been
only one exception to this that I consider
to be of sufficient concern to merit the
attention of this body. And in this con-
nection let me say that this Is not an
endeavor on my part to change the de-
cision of the department involved, but
merely an endeavor to get the facts upon
which that decision was based so that
I might report to my people. This Is
not a matter of national security. There
Is absolutely no -reason why the facts
upon which the decision was based
should not be given to the duly elected
U.S. Representative of the area involved.
Mr. Speaker, on November 21, 1962, I
wrote to the Post Office Department in
Cincinnati asking that they furnish me
.with a resume of the facts in regard to
the location of a branch post office known
as`the Iroquois station in south Louis-
ville. That letter was answered on No-
vember 27 but no resume of the facts was
given and I Vas advised by that letter
signed by Mr. R. D. Dyson that no de-
cision had been made in regard to the
location of that branch. Thereafter I
received a good many `phone calls and
was, advised byletter of the action of the
Beechmont,Civic Club wherein they went
on record as opposing the removal of the
Iroquois branch post office from its pres-
ent location to another area. I do not
'know whether the post office should be
moved or not, and even with the facts,
will not be able to say because I am not
an expert in this field.
As a result, on November 29, I again
wrote Mr. Dyson In Cincinnati and re-
quested that I be permitted to examine
the file on this matter either in Wash-
ington or Louisville and gave him. my
schedule. at both places. On December
6, I received a letter from Mr. Dyson's
secretary advising me that Mr. Dyson
was out of town and would return on De-
cember 10, at which time my letter would
be referred to him. That letter re-
mained unanswered and on or about De-
cember 21, I was advised by the people In
the area of the Iroquois post office
branch that a decision had been made to
move the post office. On December 21, I
wrote again to Mr. Dyson, pointing opt
that my letter of November 29 remained
unanswered ; that he had not extended to
me the courtesy of advising me that they
had reached a decision in this matter
and that I still desired the facts so that I
could report back to the Beechmont
Civic Club and the other people Involved.
On January 2, I received a letter from
Mr. J. P. Nolani Regional Director of the
Post Office Department in Cincinnati, In-
dicating that he was advising his assist-
ant that I desired to talk to him about
this matter. I still have not heard from
the assistant despite the fact that on
January 7, 1963, I wrote to Mr. Nolan
with a copy of that letter to Mr.
Fred Belen, the Assistant Postmaster
General, wherein I reiterated the fact
that I was not trying to influence any-
one's decision, but only wanted the facts
so that I could respond to the people of
my district and furnish them with the
Post Office Department's alleged justifi-
cation for the move.
Mr. Speaker, it has now been 21 days
since my January 7 letter and it has been
a month, and a half since the Post Office
Departent's decision, and I still do not
have any information to furnish to the
people of my district, nor has Mr. Nolan
or Mr. Belen replied to my letter of Janu-
ary 7. 1 wish to state here and now that
if the Members of Congress are to be of
service to their constituents, then the
Post Office Department will have to be as
cooperative as the rest of the depart-
ments of the Government are. I would
suggest, Mr. Speaker, that the Post Office
Department might consider the fact that
they, like we, of this House, are em-
ployees of the people and are servants of
the taxpayers and that this hoax called
civil service does not render them im-
mune from the duty to respond to the
inquiries of taxpayers and their duly
elected representatives.
(Mr. CURTIS (at the request of Mr.
BArrIN) was given permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD.)
[Mr. CURTIS' remarks will appear
hereafter In the Appendix.]
QUESTIONS ARE GOING TO BE
ASKED
(Mr. JOHANSEN (at the request of
Mr. BATTXN) was given permission to ex-
1091
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD.) - - - - -
Mr. JOHANSEN. Mr. Speaker, one
way or another, questions are going to
be asked-sharp, prying, relentless, em-
barrassing questions. They are going
to be asked in this session of Congress,
by Democrats and Republicans alike,
about Cuba, about the incredible
blunders under both administrations,
about where we now stand, and about
the dangers ahead.
These questions may be asked in
House or Senate hearings specifically
authorized for that purpose. They may
be asked of top, key officials during rou-
tine appearances before committees of
Congress. They may be asked in House
or Senate floor debate. But they are
going to be asked. And they had better
be answered-frankly, fully truthfully.
The American people are entitled to
those answers If for no other reason than
the fact that they have been greatly im-
posed upon.
They were misled and lulled into ac-
cepting Castro as non-Communist.
They were shamed by the Bay of Pigs
blunder and by the ransom methods used
to redeem the captives and relieve some
guilty consciences.
They are disgusted by the hypocrisy
of the Attorney General who recently
praised the President for taking the re-
sponsibility for the failure and, in the
next breath alibied, "The President in-
herited people with major reputations
and he accepted their advice."
They are disillusioned, after the mo-
mentary October 22 posture of courage
and boldness, by the willingness to offer a
no-invasion pledge and the failure to
hold out for on-site inspection.
They know the President has
abandoned the Monroe Doctrine.
A vengeful, righteous, public wrath
would be sufficient reason why there
should be questions-and answers.
But there Is an infinitely more im-
portant reason. The overriding neces-
sity for a thorough investigation relates,
not to past blunders, but to present and
prospective perils, and our will and ca-
pacity and plans to deal with those
perils.
I have been told that the Nation was
only 12 days from disaster at the time
of the October nuclear buildup. How
did we come that close to catastrophe?
What lessons have we learned and are
we applying to assure that this-or
worse-does not happen again?
The Attorney General has acknowl-
edged that Cuba "poses a great danger"
as a base for subversion and sabotage
throughout the hemisphere. What plans
or.progr ams have we for eliminating that
activity and that base?
Currently there are reports of a new
military buildup in Cuba, with the ad-
mitted continued presence there of So-
viet troops. Or perhaps those troops
have now reverted to the status of
"technicians." Are congressional efforts
to get the facts about these reports go-
ing to receive the same bureaucratic
brushoff similar Inquiries received prior
to October 22?
The answers to these and other equally
urgent questions will, of necessity, in-
volve a post mortem on past blunders
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE January 28
and the whole sordid story which began
with the hasty recognition of Castro's
regime
But. not.lust..for. the sak e..at conduc tins
a post-maden
If we persist in blundering along In
this life-and-death struggle, we can
come to the ultimata blunder and the
ultimate defeat. If that occurs there
will be no one to conduct, the final post
mortem except the victorious enemy-
and he will have no need. for it.
THE KAISER STEEL CORPORATION
AND THE UNITED STEELWORKERS
OF AMIE :LCA.
(Mr. SHEPPARD (at the request of
Mr. STSraSis) was given permission
to extend his remarks at this point In
the R,scoan.)
Mr. &B PPAR.D. Mr. Speaker, I
bring to the attention of my colleagues
an event that took place In my district In
California that may well open a new era
In labor-management relations in this
country.
I refer to the action taken by Kaiser
Steel Corp., and the United Steelworkers
of America in recommending a long-
range sharing plan to the employees of
Kaiser Steel. The plan is designed to do
away with the threat of strikes every
2 or 3 years on economic issues of wages
or benefits. It is_ also designed to protect
employees against job loss or Income loss
because of automation. I am able to
report that the plan was voted on by em-
ployees on January LI. and accepted by a
three to one majority. The plan will go
into effect March 1, 1963.
If I may say so, acceptance of such a
plan by the employees, the company,
and the union Is encouraging in a land
too often turbulent with Industrial un-
certainties, disruption-of production, and
economic harm to families and com-
panies throughout the Nation. It
should encourage us to keep searching
for similar solutions to industrial unrest,
whether arising on the waterfront, in
the factory or business house, and par-
ticularly in defense or defense-related
programs.
My interest in Kaiser Steel and its
steelworker employees goes back to the
early days of World War II when I was
privileged to help Henry J. Kaiser locate
his steel plant at Fontana. Calif. It was
wartime and the West needed steel for
ships. Mr. Kaiser had started building
ships on San Francisco Bay, first because
the British were losing ships faster than
they could get them, and then because
the United States got into the war.
The Government said any new defense
plant must be located at least 60 miles
inland, and I knew that Fontana had
much to offer. It was rural. There was
mom. There were three railroads---
Southern Pacific, Santa Fe, and Union
Pacific. There were people. Even with
the surrounding towns, though, there
were. not enough people. Kaiser Steel
hired everybody who could do anything.
Kaiser Steel went back east to Pittsburgh
and other steel centers and hired others
with know-how who wanted to try mix-
ing orange groves and steelmaking,
What this huge facility has done for the
Fontana area can be indicated by a few
ilgures. The gross payroll paid to em-
ployees In some 15 surrounding commu-
nities came to $60 million in 1962. Ap-
proximately 8,000 workers at Fontana
share in this payroll.
By war's end, the plant had produced
over half a million tons of plate for vi-
tally needed ships, steel for artillery
shells, and steel for our allies. Postwar,
the plant expanded rapidly. The initial
$50 million war facility grew into today's
half-billion-dollar enterprise, now serv-
ing the needs of the growing West from
its 3-million-ton-ingot capacity.
The sharing plan I call to your atten-
tion today is another testimony to the
vigorous approach of the Kaiser organi-
zation In solving problems wherever they
occur-whether in production or in the
vital area of Industrial relations.
After the disastrous 1959 steel strike,
Edgar F. Kaiser, chairman of the board
of Kaiser Steel Corp., and David J. Mc-
Donald, president of the United Steel-
workers of America, determined to And
a solution to this ever recurring prob-
lem. As Mr. Kaiser said then:
The necessity of revising the present sys-
tem of adjusting Individual Income under
union contracts is obvious. All parties are
injured economically by strikes. Relations
between labor and industry are strained
during the periods of negotiations. The in-
terests of the public, labor, and the com-
panies are the same. The answer is neither
obvious nor easy. It is our common duty to
find one.
Agreement was reached by the two
leaders and the employees of Kaiser
Steel returned to work under terms of a
contract that contained a revolutionary
Idea in the area of modern labor-man-
agement relations. Representatives of
the public were invited to form a tri-
patite committee made up of three com-
pany, three union, and three public
members. Purpose of this committee
was to establish a long-range plan for
equitable sharing of the company's prog-
ress among stockholders, the employees,
and the public. The plan was to elimi-
nate drawn-out negotiations and the
threat of strike deadlines over wages and
benefits that plagued the industry in the
past. The plan was also to provide pro-
tection to employees against loss of em-
ployment or income because of automa-
tion or new technologies.
The committee is chairmanned by Dr.
George W. Taylor, professor at the Uni-
versity of Pennsylvania. He is assisted
by public members David L. Cole and Dr.
John T. Dunlop. All three of these emi-
nent citizens are well known to Congress
for their many years of. service on Presi-
dential committees.
Assisting Mr. McDonald was Arthur
J. Goldberg, now a member of the Su-
preme Court, whose place is now taken
by Marvin J. Miller, special assistant to
Mr. McDonald, and Charles J. Smith,
director of the west coast area for the
United Steelworkers. Assisting Mr. Kai-
ser are E. E. Trefethen, Jr., vice chair-
man of the board.. and C. F. Borden. ex-
ecutive vice president for Kaiser Steel
Corp.
First, let me relate the practical bene-
fits provided employees, the company,
and the public as envisioned under the
plan.
The employees have been put on a
"get paid as you earn" basis, similar to
the Government's "pay as you go" tax
plan. Employees do not have to wait 2
or 3 years for productivity or other de-
terminatiofis to be made before receiving
wage or benefit increases, always with
the ever-impending threat of strike or
lockout. Under the plan, productivity
and any other efforts of employees to re-
duce manufacturing costs are measured
monthly. Employees are paid 32.5 per-
cent of such savings in the form of extra
pay each month.
Also, employee jobs and employee in-
come are protected by establishment of
an employment reserve or pool where
employees displaced by automation are
engaged until assigned to another ap-
propriate job.
Both of these radical changes are be-
ing made without destroying seniority or
other rights bargained for under the ex-
isting contract.
As to benefits for the public--the pub-
lic is freed from the effects of strikes or
lockouts suffered in breakdowns of pre-
vious negotiations. It gets the benefits,
direct and Indirect, that will result from
the efforts of the employees and the com-
pany to reduce costs and keep steel prices
competitive with those of both domestic
and foreign competitors. The public also
benefits from increased taxes made pos-
sible by such internal savings generated
In reducing costs.
The company and stockholders, of
course, directly benefit from the cooper-
ative efforts of all to reduce costs and
maintain a better position competitively;
from the company's ability to install with
the cooperation of employees and the
union the best of technological improve-
ments and automation; and from the
company's ability to plan ahead for cus-
tomers and community alike without
concern for strikes or lockouts. These
are the general benefits envisioned by
the plan.
More importantly to the broad picture,
the plan has purposes that go beyond the
equitable sharing of economic progress
made by the company, and such impor-
tant matters as employment and Income
security for employees. It also concerns
Itself over the matter of survival of the
bargaining rights of employees, of the
survival of the bargaining freedom of
companies and union organizations un-
der the free enterprise system as we
know It now.
In this regard, the invitation to have
public members join the long-range.
committee in developing this plan was
one of the most positive steps taken by
industry and labor In recent years to
help stop the growing tide of Govern-
ment regulation that could well restrict
employee freedoms, as-well as the free-
dom of companies and unions to bargain.
This tide was created more by the un-
awareness of industry, unions, and other
associations of the increasing need to
regulate themselves in the public interest
than by any desire of the Government to
do more regulating. In fact, the Gov-
ernment Itself, as well as many other in-
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 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - ALIJlNVIA
3ng about brushing his teeth. When do we
4'~
l ,Ave
In short, 512-room Canyon' Village, in-
tended as a model in commercially developed
lodgings for the entire park system, has
turned out to be a failure, faulty In design,
faulty in construction,'wifli 'poor heating,
flimsy soundproofing and a multitude of
other shortcomings. Rooms are horribly
overpriced ($13.50 for tw6,?1818.50 for four),
ahd the entire setting is incongruous with
the great park, landscaped largely with black
asphalt and blinking lights over the cock-
tail lounge. The-gift shop offers one of the
worst assortments of trinkets in America,
$,000 separate items, principally cheap, but
profitable, Importations from the Far East,
including imitation 'English Wedgewood,
Spanish toreador figurines in several colors,
bells of Sarna and bongo drums.
The tragic debacle of Yellowstone illus-
trates the power eatercised by private con-
cessionaires. The three firms at Yellowstone
appear to have more authority than the
park superintendent. The Yellowstone Park
Co., which operates lodgings and restaurants,
made profits over the years while its plant
became outmoded, overused and ill main-
tained: Finally goaded into construction of
Canyon Village, the company paid $5,500,000
for a project originally estimated at $3,-
500,000. In an effort to recoup its losses, the
firm last summer cut the number of college
boys and girls on its payroll, then cut the
wages of those it hired, to the barest mini-
mum of compliance with wage-hour laws.
Yet for all the `failings of the concession-
aires, it remains for the park staff to answer
Avoid the blight of Yellowstone? It is
possible to a certain extent. You can find
decent, clean and modern cabin and motel-
type accommodations at the Grand Tetons, or
well-kept campgrounds in surrounding areas.
Look only at the thermal wonders, the wild-
life and the marvels of a vast wilderness,
shutting your eyes to all else.
But this is exactly the trouble: thinking
Americans have shut their eyes for to long
while blight and mass vulgarization have
swept over the landscape. The amusement
parks, the souvenir stands, the roadside ani-
mals won't go away by themselves. But
neither must they be accepted as being here
forever.
The point isn't that such places are hot
interesting or entertaining or even, in some"
cases, in good taste. But, rather, do they
belong where they are2 What does Mother
Goose have to do with the commemoration of
a Civil War battlefield? What are commer-
cial biblical dioramas doing in the Great
Smokies?
IT'S NEVER TOO LATE
"Honky-tonk, cheap-facade joints in the
mountain areas are a disgrace to the State,"
declared a recent editorial in the Greensboro,
(N.C.) Daily News, which pointed out what
should be done. "Agitation in the public
prints will do something to tidy up these
roadside monstrosities. A little local or com-
munity pride might jolt the owners Into at
least partial recognition that an attractive,
neatly kept roadside establishment is the
best advertisement in the world for busi-
ness."
Look over your own community. Demon-
strate pride in its appearance and your desire
to .protect its Inherent values. Sure, there's
money in the tourist industry, but beauty Is
a far better advertisement for any town than
a billboard. Certainly accommodations and
commercial attractions are entitled to direc-
tional signs, but unrestrainted coercive ad-
vertising of a captive audience Is quite an-
other thing.
Support the type ' of beautification work
undertaken by the garden clubs, the true his-
toric restoration urged by preservation
groups, the strict zoning proposals. They
will do far more to create a favorable Image
that visitors will remember, and that you
can live with, than gimcrack atractions, high
prices, and unrestrained signboards.
In going places with your family, be selec-
tive. Visit places of reputation and stature
because they really interest you, not because
of their repetitive advertising along the road-
side. If you want to see animals, there are
zoological gardens in major cities. For sou-
venirs, purchase craft Items indigenous to
the area, not some cheap trinket that will
scarcely survive the trip home. Cultivate
an appreciation of. the best of America in
your children.
When you're good and mad, write letters.
To the President, about the tragedy of Get-
tysburg. To the Governor of the State where
you feel any shrine is marred. To the Di-
rector of the National Park Service, about the
shabbiness of Yellowstone or of national park
souvenir counters. Letters to the editor of
your daily newspaper are useful because
other people see them, too. Tell about places
you are not going back to visit a second time.
Such words will find their way around, and
nothing will shake a tourist community more
than realizing it may lose business. Perhaps
nothing will do more to encourage It to en-
hance, instead of exploit, its endowment of
history or natutal wonders.
Create a Select Committee
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BENJAMIN S. ROSENTHAL
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, January 28, 1963 .
Mr. ROSENTHAL. Mr. Speaker, I am
today reintroducing a resolution to cre-
ate a Select Committee on Arms Control
and Disarmament in the House of Rep-
resentatives. I had originally proposed
the creation of such a committee during
the last session of Congress, and hope
that it will not be possible to obtain
prompt consideration of the legislation
during the current Congress.
This resolution provides that the com-
mittee would be composed of 13 Members
of the House of Representatives chosen
for their special knowledge of foreign
affairs, armed services, atomic energy,
science, and astronautics. The commit-
tee would be authorized to conduct a
full and complete investigation and study
of proposals for arms control and dis-
armament including, but not limited to,
first, efforts made by the United Na-
tions in seeking the control and reduc-
tion of military forces and armament of
all types; second, disarmament pro-
posals developed by the United States
and other governments as well as by
private groups and individuals; third,
methods by which the attitudes of the
American people and their Government
on the subject of disarmament and
world peace may be communicated
abroad; fourth, the relationship of
armaments to the state of the world
economy; fifth, the relationship of un-
derlying International tension to the
problems of disarmament; sixth, the
dangers implicit in unilateral reduction
of armaments; and seventh, methods of
assuring that plans for reduction of
armaments shall not endanger the
security of the United States.
I realize that any proposal to create
another standing committee would prob-
ably meet with some difficulty and with
much reluctance on the part of many
Members of the House. Therefore I ask
that a select committee be set up to stim-
ulate discussion and consideration of one
of the most pressing issues of the day-
that of arms control and disarmament.
Creation of such a committee would be
desirable and necessary fist step to re-
duce the grave possibility of nuclear war,
because it would emphasize the efforts
being made by the United States in its
current negotiations with the Soviet
Union to end nuclear weapons tests. I
think we have all been heartened by the
recent exchanges between President
Kennedy and Soviet Premier Khru-
shchev, and by the temporary halt in
U.S. underground atomic tests, an-
nounced by the President the other day,
which is another step in the direction of
world peace. I fervently hope that the
further discussions which are due to take
place in New York this week will bring us
even closer to an agreement on a nuclear
test-ban treaty at the Geneva meetings
next month. Establishment of such a
committee would have a tremendous im-
pact on world opinion, and would demon-
strate for all to see that the Congress of
the United States is completely in accord
with the efforts of the President to re-
duce the possibility of thermonuclear
war, which could destroy us all.
I certainly hope that this resolution
will warrant the consideration and sup-
Lees Keep the Record Straight-A
Selected Chronology on Cuba and
Castro
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DON L. SHORT
OF NORTH DAKOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, January 24, 1963
Mr. SHORT. Mr. Speaker, year be-
fore last, on May 23, 1961, I placed in the
Appendix of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
an article entitled, "A Selected Chronol-
ogy on Cuba and Castro." The Library
of Congress had prepared this for me, at
my request, in order for me to keep the
events taking place in Cuba in their
proper sequence.
Since that time the Library of Con-
gress has continued to keep this chronol-
ogy up to date and I now wish to follow
up my original action by placing the
later continued story in the CONGRES-
SIONAL RECORD Appendix on 5 consecu-
tive days, beginning today.
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 A356 Approved FQO I6/f&C@*I jWfkT gj 1 000200230033-1January 28
I am doing this because of the renewed Kennedy, and backed by the President American people to know and recognize
controversy over who did what and who cover only the small Issue of whether partisan politics when they see It played.
did not do what they should have with we promised air cover or not. But a And if the administration truly desires a
regard to our U.S. policy toward Cuba. statement by Manuel Penabaz, a veteran bipartisan foreign policy and the con-
Our Attorney General, Robert Kennedy, of the Cuban invasion, does not back up tinued support and encouragement of
has made it a point to come up with this supposed "official report." the American public and the Republican
some fairly myopic remarks during the Former President Eisenhower, by no Party, it should remember that we do not
course of an interview by the U.S. News means a man who could ever be called a intend that former President Eisenhower
& World Report on January 28, 1963, demagog, stated on December 22, 1962 should be labeled directly or indirectly
published under the title of "Robert that he believed the truth is a far better as a weakling by any member of the Cab-
Kennedy Speaks His Mind." weapon In hte cold war against com- inet, regardless of relationship to the
I used the word "myopic" because I munism than managed news. He stated President. This man, whose name has
feel his viewpoint is rather nearsighted, further that he has no reason to think always been synonymous with honor,
to say the least, as far as the Cuban issue the American people have not been told bravery, and love of his country, does not
is concerned Let me quote a portion of the truth on the Cuban situation, but he hesitate tocall for support of the Presi-
his remarks to indicate why I feel this noted that he doesn't know all the facts. dent's foreign policy. And he is not
way: He stated further that he sees no reason afraid of the truth or an "official ver-
Question. Do you feel that the latest why the administration should not now sion" of what took place on the Cuban
Cuban crisis was a lesson to the Russians? release a full and official version of what issue.
Answer. I think it makes a great difference happened In the disastrous attempt to Let me say that neither the Kennedy
because that's the first time that the power invade Cuba in April 1961. The Bay administration nor the minority party
position and determination and energy of of Pigs Invasion Is now history, he said, nor the majority party are doing them-
the American people and their to vbeernment-
all of this had been brought and the official story should have been selves, or the public, justice if this matter
told long a. is Now I suppose we cannot really blame On April 24, 1961, Presidential Press purelyw arrtisfan and rest in the area c,
Robert Kennedy politics. The public,
for wanting his broth- Secretary Pierre Salinger declared in a who gave the President complete, enthu-
er's administration to stand out as the statement to the press that President siastic, and unequivocal support at the
one which singlehandedly solved the Cu- Kennedy "assumes sole responsibility for time he announced the "quarantine" of
ban issue. However, a review of the the U.S. role in the action against Cuba." Cuba could well lose its enthusiasm for
chronology I previously inserted will Yet on May 24. 1961, President Ken- further support of this administration if
prove that former President Eisenhower nedy, in discussing the tractors-for- they are denied the truth, or given half-
took, and attempted to take some steps prisoners ransom demand of Castro, In truths or distortions.
which would have shown thepower post- which he declared the U.S. Government And that is why I am including, Mr.
tion and determination and energy of would not negotiate with Cuba to ransom Speaker, with my remarks today, a sec-
the American people and their Govern- the prisoners, stated: and portion, covering the period between
went. Attempts have repeatedly been these men were trained and armed for this May 20, 1961, through September 13,
made by many of those around the Press- Invasion by the Eisenhower administration. 1961, of the "Selected Chronology on
dent to blame the Cuban problems on the The signal to let them go and the means Cuba and Castro," and every day here-
Eisenhower administration. I feel the to get them there were given by the Ken- after a continuation of the chronology
American people are entitled to some- nedy administration. The United States still for a total of 5 consecutive days.
thing more than that sort of demagog- has a responsibility for those lives. We want to keep the record straight.
ery. Space will not permit my quoting Now, former President Eisenhower, on A Sm.xcrEm CHRONOLOGY ON CUBA AND
some of the actions taken by President January 24, 1963 says no plan was drawn CASTRO 1
Eisenhower, but again I commend the up during his administration for a U.S. May 20, 1961: A committee of U.S. citizens.
former chronology on Cuba to the Mem- air cover for a refugee invasion of Cuba. headed by Mrs. Franklin D. Roosevelt, Walter
bers and the public's attention. He added however that he had "no kick Reuther (president of the United Auto
While a candidate for the Presidency, with the plan" for air cover for the in- Workers), and Dr. Milton Eisenhower, is
then Senator Kennedy called the Octo- vaders. "If that had been done," he formed to raise the funds to provide the 500
ber 19, 1960, embargo on all exports to added, "that might have made the dif- ably * s* ? "President Kennedy way reed
Cuba, with exception of medical supplies ference, to have personally asked
and various food , because once these forces were three prominent private citizens * * to
products-placed by ashore, ready to take care of themselves, organize the 'tractors-for-prisoners' exchange
President Eisenhower-"a dramatic but it might have been easy to get more re- with Premier Fidel Castro of Cuba" (New
almost empty gesture-a gesture which inforcements through from the island York Times. May 24, 1961).
will have so little impact on Castro as to itself and, finally, to recognize a govern- May 24, 1961: President Kennedy urges all
be almost meaningless." Yet President went there." Americans to contribute to the purchase of
. 1961:
Kennedy on February 3, 1962, proclaimed Is it any wonder that Members of the bne 2tractors.
an embargo on almost all U.S. trade with June Tractors for Freedom Cs
Congress, the public, and the press mittee Informs : Premier mier Castro that it t Is
Cuba, with the exception "on humans- would like a truly official report of what ready to send the 500 tractors in exchange
tartan grounds" of the export to Cuba happened? The Congress, you will re- for the 1.214 prisoners. The committee gives
of certain foods and medicines. His member, took some pretty strong-actions him until noon June 7 to accept the offer.
feelingsas President seem to be greatly Itself in passing resolutions and legisla- June 6, 1961: Premier Castro suggests that
different than his feelings as Candidate Lion aimed at solving the Cuban crisis. his prisoners be exchanged for "political
Kennedy. They took these actions because they prisoners" allegedly held in jail in the United
Again, Candidate Kennedy on October were close to the American grassroots- and d Spain. a S Puerto Rico, Guatemala Nicaragua,
He also demand s s a that M:s.
6, 1960, made a speech at a Democratic opinion. They knew the American pub- Roosevelt or Dr. Eisenhower, two of the
dinner in Cincinnati, Ohio. Exhibiting lic wanted something done, that It was leaders of the Tractors for Freedom Commit-
a detailed knowledge of Castro's at- tired of speeches and soothing words, tee. come to Havana for further negotiations.
tempts to carry his revolution through promising action but taking none. Those June 7. 1961: Cuban Government na-
South America, Mr. Kennedy stated: who trouble to read the original chronol- tionalized education.
The American people want to know how ogy on Cuba and Castro and follow June 8, 1961: Tractors for Freedom Com-
this was permitted to happen-how the Iron through my continued chronology, will mittee offers to send six agricultural experts
Curtain could have advanced almost to our refresh their memory on some of the to Havana to discuss Intails of the types oe
also for the
front yard. They want to know the truth- events, prisoners. o The ent t exchange
and I believe that they are entitled to the , as reported, on the Cuban situa- psoneThcommittee also announces
truth. tion. And perhaps the congressional that it is prepared to send the first consign-
investigations suggested and promised meat of 100 tractors to Cuba by June 22.
The American public for some time will make the official actions clear to the
now has longed to know the truth about American Public. , Based chiefly on excerpts from Deadline
the failure of the Cuban invasion and our I believe we can depend upon the com- Data; reproduced with the permission of
part In It. Statements made by Bobby nonsense and good judgment of the Deadline Data on World Affairs.
Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200230033-1
 1963 Approved Fo nEgfQM3R h P_.65W 200230033-1 A357
declares
th
b -move On
e
an
Prow the,
er the. Bffjpxt ment
the same day, Cuba requests the
n
_
to divert to.place on the agenda of its 1961 General
to t
eral
Ina , f961 Exert oonferwith Prem ier ti t .Nfro a he sp re
_. m