A CALL FOR A NEW NATIONAL PURPOSE : THE WILL TO WIN

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240006-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 6
• Publication Date: January 1, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE .
sequent vote on the Kefauver amend-
ment?
The PRESIDING OFFICER. If the
substitute amendment should be agreed
to, the Senate then would vote on the
Kefauver amendment, as amended.
The question is on agreeing to the sub=
stitute amendment offered by the Sena-
tor from New Mexico [Mr. ANDERSON].
On this question the yeas and nays have
been ordered, and the clerk will call the
roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. BREWSTER (when his name was
called). On this vote I have a live pair
with the Senator from Alaska [Mr. BART-
LETT]. If he were present and voting,
he would vote "nay." If I were at liberty
to vote, I would vote "yea." Therefore
I withhold my vote.
Mr. McCARTHY (when his name was
called). On this vote I have a pair with
the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KE-
FAUVER]. If he were present and voting,
he would vote "nay." If I were at liberty
to vote, I would vote "yea." Therefore
I withhold my vote.
Mr. McGOVERN (when his name was
called). On this vote I have a pair
with the junior Senator from Massa-
chusetts [Mr. KENNEDY]. If he were
present and voting, he would vote "yea."
If I were at liberty to vote, I would vote
"nay." Therefore I withhold my vote.
The rollcall was concluded.
Mr. HUMPHREY. I announce that
the Senator from Alaska [Mr. BARTLETT],
the Senator from North Dakota [Mr.
BURDICK], the Senator from Virginia
[Mr. BYRD], the' Senator from Nevada
[Mr. CANNON], the Senator from Cali-
fornia [Mr. ENGLE], the Senator from
Akransas [Mr. FULBRIGHT], the Senator
from Michigan [Mr. HART], the Senator
from Indiana [Mr. HARTKEI, the Senator
from Hawaii [Mr. INOUYE], the Senator
from South Carolina [Mr. 'JOHNSTON],
the Senator from North Carolina [Mr.
JORDAN], the Senator from Missouri [Mr.
LONG], the Senator from Arkansas [Mr.
MCCLELLAN[, the Senator from Michigan
[Mr. MCNAMARA], the Senator from Ore-
gon [Mr. MORSE], the Senator from
Rhode Island [Mr. PASTORE], the Senator
from Florida [Mr. SMATHERS], and the
Senator from Texas [Mr. YARBOROUGH]
are absent on official business.
I further announce that the Senator
from Indiana [Mr. BAYH], the Senator
from Washington [Mr. MAGNUSON1, the
Senator from Tennessee Mr. [KE-
FAUVER], and the Senator from Massa-
chusetts [Mr. KENNEDY] are necessarily
absent.
On this vote, the Senator from North
Dakota [Mr. BURDICK] is paired with the
Senator from Rhode Island [Mr. PAS-
TORE]. If present and voting the Sena-
tor from North Dakota would vote "nay,"
and the Senator from Rhode Island
would vote "yea."
On this vote, the Senator from Oregon
[Mr. MORSE] is paired with the Senator
from Hawaii [Mr. INOUYE]. If present
and voting, the Senator from Oregon
would vote "nay," and the Senator from
Hawaii would vote "yea."
On this vote, the Senator from Texas
[Mr. YARBOROUGH] is paired with the
Senator from North Carolina [Mr. JOR-
DAN]. If present and voting, the Sena-
tor from Texas would vote "nay," and the
Senator from North Carolina would vote
"yea."
Mr. KUCHEL. I announce that the
Senator from Kansas [Mr. CARLSON], the
Senator from Colorado [Mr. DOMINICK],
the Senator from Nebraska [Mr.
HRUSKAI, and the Senator from New
Mexice [Mr. MECHEM) are necessarily ab-
sent and, if present and voting, would
each vote "yea. "
The result was announced-yeas 60,
nays 11, as follows:
[No. 129 Leg.]
YEAS-60
Aiken Hayden Prouty
Allott Hickenlooper Proxmire
Anderson Hill Randolph
Beall Holland Ribicoff
Bennett Humphrey Robertson
Bible Jackson Russell
Boggs Javits Saltonstall
Byrd, W. Va. Jordan, Idaho Scott
Case Keating Simpson
Cooper Kuchel Smith
Cotton Mansfield Sparkman
Curtis McGee Stennis
Dirksen McIntyre Symington
Dodd Metcalf Talmadge
Eastland Miller Thurmond
Edmondson Morton Tower
Ellender Mundt Williams, N.J.
Ervin Muskie Williams, Del.
Fong Pearson Young, N. Dak.
Goldwater Pell Young, Ohio
NAYS-11
Church Gruening Moss
Clark Lausche Nelson
Douglas Long, La. Neuberger
Gore Monroney
NOT VOTING-29
Bartlett Hart McCarthy
Bayh Hartke McClellan
Brewster Hruska McGovern
Burdick Inouye McNamara
Byrd, Va. Johnston Mechem
Cannon Jordan, N.C. Morse
Carlson Kefauver Pastore
Dominick Kennedy Smathers
Engle Long, Mo. Yarborough
Fulbright Magnuson
So Mr. ANDERSON's substitute amend-
ment, for the Kefauver amendment, was
agreed to.
Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, I
move to reconsider the vote by which
the amendment to the amendment was
agreed to.
Mr. KUCHEL. I move to lay that
motion on the table.
The motion to lay on the table was
agreed to.
Mr. McCLELLAN. Mr. President, I
was on my way to the Chamber to vote.
I was delayed by business matters, and
barely missed the vote. Had I been able
to reach the floor of the Senate in time
to respond to my name when it was
called, I would have voted "yea."
Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, there
was a previous agreement for a yea-and-
nay vote on the so-called Kefauver
amendment. Since then there has been
a yea-and-nay vote on a supplanting
amendment, which the Senate has
adopted. I therefore ask unanimous
consent that the order for the yea-and-
nay vote on the Kefauver amendment be
vacated.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered.
The question is on agreeing to the
Kefauver amendment as amended by the
substitute amendment offered by the
Senator from New Mexico [Mr. ANDER-
SON].
The amendment, as amended, was
agreed to.
ORDER OF PROCEDURE
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, yester-
day, during the discussion of the
amendment that was then pending to
the authorization bill, I agreed that I
would withhold an objection I had to the
unanimous-consent agreement that was
then being propounded, with the under-
standing that after the amendment was,
disposed of I would have the floor. This
has been worked out, and I have the floor.
If there is anything of great importance
to be considered at this point, I will be
happy to yield the floor. Otherwise, I
advise the Senate that I will take about
A CALL FOR A NEW J NATIONAL
PURPOSE: THE WILL TO WIN
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, it is
with mixed emotions that I rise today
to remind Senators of one blunt fact, as
inescapable as it is obvious: 90 miles
from the American coast the island of
Cuba still exists. Almost within sight of
the center of free world strength and
security, this advance base of aggressive
Communist subversion remains inviolate.
With every passing day, this Soviet-sup-
ported, Moscow-dominated bandit re-
gime tightens its oppressive grip upon
the Cuban people and drives their shat-
tered liberties more deeply into bondage.
More pointedly, I direct these remind-
ers to that little band of timid men who
presume to guide our Nation's destinies-
who have substituted bravado for bold-
ness, rhetoric for resolution. And I
call upon them, in the name of our tar-
nished national honor as well as our im-
periled national security, to make good
their own repeated pledge that Cuba will
once more be free.
FEAR-FRUSTRATION-SHAME
I have referred, Mr. President, to the
mixed emotions with which I speak on
this occasion. In part, it is with fear-
fear for the security of this Nation and
this hemisphere. A second part is a
sense of frustration-frustration over
the dndless vacillation shown by the ad-
ministration, and over its unfilled pledges
for effective action. Still a third part
is that of shame-the shameful gap be-
tween the administration's promises to
the Cuban freedom fighters, both within
that captive island and throughout the
hemisphere, and its irresolute per-
formance. In the name of the Ameri-
can people, administration officials have
promised the Cuban patriots that their
nation shall. be restored to the commu-
nity of free nations. But it would be
closer to the truth to say that the ad-
ministration is at open war with the
forces of free Cuba-by effectively
quarantining those potential leaders
who have sought sanctuary and a base
of future operations in the United States,
and by contributing` greatly to their
fragmentation and disarray.
I speak also, Mr. President, with a
mounting sense of anger-over the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE - August 9
evasiveness, the equivocation, and the
arrogance with which administration
officials are now apparently putting a
damper even on debate and discussion
of our Cuban policy. But silence is no
solution. The Cuban problem will not
simply go away if we pretend it does not
exist. Nor will the Soviet armed pres-
ence in Cuba go away, so long as we dis-
regard the near ultimatum we pro-
claimed during the crisis of last October
and so long as we disavow the bold reso-
lution we showed then.
COUNSELS GO UNHEEDED
I remind my colleagues of another
fact, Mr. President: that the Founding
Fathers, with the wisdom that has en-
dowed this Nation with a sound and en-
during system of government, reposed in
the U.S. Senate the duty and the privi-
lege of advising the President on foreign
policy. We are still, from time to time,
allowed to register our approval of an ex-
ecutive fait accompli-as we must soon
consider the proposed test ban treaty.
But at the moment of decision, our ad-
vice is no longer sought. Other counsels
go unheeded. Our sober proposals are
dismissed with a glib phrase, or with
contemptuous silence.
The time for silent and unquestioning
consent is long since past, Mr. President.
Let us, rather,-assert the privilege of sen-
atorial advice and strive to discharge our
solemn duty. If the administration has
moved on to other concerns, and if the
American press Is too preoccupied to
make note of the fact that the Commu-
nist base in Cuba remains and grows and
hardens, then it is up to this body to ask
probing questions and to demand un-
equivocal answers. It is our grave
responsibility to focus public attention
and concern on the unsolved problem of
a Communist Cuba and to reflect, in our
deliberations and our advice, the firm
resolve of the American people that Cuba
must oncemore be free.
The Congress has already attempted
to strengthen the President's hand by
formal resolution. It has also written
into the law of the land specific penalties
against those nations which persist in
doing business with Communist Cuba.
The Foreign Assistance Act of 1962 im-
posed a flat ban on all forms of foreign
aid to nations whose merchant ships
carry strategic goods to Cuba; and it
charged the President to justify,'before
appropriate committees of Congress,
any exceptions to the ban on economic
aid to those nations still engaged in com-
mercial traffic. Yet, as the Senator
from South Dakota [Mr. MUNDT] has
recently demonstrated, the President
has made no such justification, and U.S.
aid in the sum of at least a quarter of a
billion dollars has gone to 27 nations
whose ships have been or are now trad-
ing with Communist Cuba. I join, too,
with the Senator from Nebraska [Mr.
HRUSKA] in demanding to know when
this administration intends to start lay-
ing down the law-or reporting to Con-
gress why it has failed to do so.
APPROVE JOPLIN SPEECH
Three.months ago, speaking in Jop-
lin, Mo., I outlined a course of action
designed to hasten the collapse of the
Castro regime without involving this na-
tion In open warfare-not necessarily
the only or the best course, but one, I
am convinced, that would surely contri-
bute to this purpose. From any admin-
istration spokesman, the response has
been dead silence. From many con-
cerned Americans, I am proud to say,
expressions of approval have served sim-
ply to confirm that, on this overriding
issue of national security and national
honor, the American people are far
ahead of their leaders. Very briefly,
these were my proposals:
First. The imposition of a tight quar-
antine-a so-called pacific blockade-on
virtually all traffic to and from Commu-
nist Cuba and most particularly on all
strategic goods. The Senator from Neb-
raska [Mr. CURTIS] has also proposed
this course of action, In a resolute speech
recently delivered in this chamber.
Second. The organization of a free
Cuban government-in-exile which this
Nation would promptly recognize as the
only legitimate representative of Cuban
sovereignty and would help to prepare
for the ultimate liberation of the Cuban
homeland.
Third. The suspension of all negotia-
tions with all Communist powers pend-
ing the complete removal from Cuba of
the Soviet presence-whether we delude
ourselves with the myth that they are
"technicians" or face squarely the fact
that they constitute an open military
force.
Fourth. A categorical declaration that
any overt acts against the Cuban people
by these Soviet mercenaries would be
considered an act of war against the
United States.
Four clear-cut proposals for immedi-
ate action-offered nearly 3 months ago
as a sober contribution toward the goal
of Cuban liberation that the administra-
tion itself has repeatedly affirmed is its
goal. And what has happened since
then? Let us look at the record, Mr.
President.
BOLD WORDS VERSUS TIMID DEEDS
It is a record, I am compelled to con-
clude, that abundantly illustrates the
shameful gap to which I have already
referred: the gap between bold words
and timid deeds.
The clear lessons and the matchless
opportunity opened up by the missile cri-
sis of last October have been frittered
away. The concept of a leakproof quar-
antine, boldly created and put Into ef-
fect In October to meet the immediate
security needs of this Nation and hemi-
sphere is now rejected as Current poli-
cy on the ground that now It is an "act
of war." We are warned that we dare
not "rock the boat"-least of all in the
new era of reconciliation and accommo-
dation of which, by the administration's
own admission, the present test ban
treaty is but a first step. Boldness, reso-
lution, and stanch purpose-even the
very will to win itself-are now out of
fashion. We are not permitted to press
any advantage, at this time of maximum
tension within the Communist empire,
against the extended lines of supply and
materiel which alone sustain the Castro
regime.
I need not repeat the eloquent testi-
mony already offered In this chamber by
the Senator from Colorado [Mr. DoMi-
xrcx] of the scope and intensity of Com-
munist subversion throughout the hem-
isphere. He has spelled it all out-in
every chilling detail. From its sanctuary
in Cuba, aggressive world communism is
reaching out to menace every free gov '
ernment in the Americas-in Venezuela,
in Bolivia, in Guatemala, in Peru, in
Colombia. And what has been the ad-
ministration response? That we must
make the world safe for diversity and for
peaceful coexistence.
A SOVIET BLOODBATH
But most shameful of all has been the
willingness of the administration-all its
firm pledges and dire warnings to the
contrary-to acquiesce in the creation of
a second Hungary, 90 miles from our own
shores, in occupied Cuba. As the Sen-
ator from Nebraska [Mr. HRUSKA] has
so eloquently charged-with massive
documentation from the firsthand re-
ports of Cuban freedom fighters-the
forces of free Cuba are under systematic
attack not only by Castro's Soviet-main-
tained Cuban militia but also, directly,
Soviet mercenaries. Armed chiefly with
their superb courage, the partisans of
free Cuba are victims of a mounting So-
viet bloodbath; in the Cuban hills, a
grim second Budapest is now unfolding.
In the face of this evidence, Mr. Presi-
dent, can we doubt the effect throughout
Latin America on their faith in U.S. in-
tentions, and the honor of its pledged
word?
The record, however, is not yet com-
plete.
On June 17, the Senator from Colo-
rado [Mr. ALLOTTI offered before this
body a bold proposal for Cuban libera-
tion. He suggested that this Nation
spur the formation of a unified Provi-
sional Government of Free Cuba by two
means: by the offer of a territorial base
for this provisional government on Cu-
ban soil, at the U.S. Naval Station at
Guantanamo Bay; and by the promise of
prompt U.S. recognition of this regime,
thisspearhead of ultimate liberation, as
the legitimate representative of Cuban
sovereignty. The effect of such an act
would be electric, throughout the Amer-
icas and the entire free world. It would
signify, beyond any doubt, that this Na-
tion has at last determined to match
its word with deeds that must ultimately
roll back the aggressive thrust of Com-
munist imperialism. And It would put
an end, once and for all, to the shame-
ful fiction that the Castro gang repre-
sents anything except its Soviet masters
and their implacable thirst for world
dominion.
GREETED WITII SILENCE
But this proposal, too, has been greeted
with official silence-and then with a va-
riety of spurious charges based on legal-
istic nit picking. Let those who fret so
over the legality of the Allott proposal
reflect on the lesson of Korea: had Presi-
dent Truman in 1950 waited for squads
of international lawyers to reconcile
their endless differences, the U.N.
Charter would be today nothing more
than a scrap of paper, and all of Korea
would have been swallowed up -within
the Communist empire. As they read
today's headlines about Chinese Com-
munist raids on our Korean outposts with
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 13891
the resumption of American casualty For instance, during the Korean war, cautious before going along with a con-
lists, they should realize that peaceful we offered a bounty to any communist cept not in conformity with American
coexistence based on an armistice, or a flier who defected with a Soviet aircraft. traditions.
treaty, is no substitute for victory. And Let us now renew this offer-of a sub- The Senator from Utah has advocated
let the spokesmen of the administration stantial reward, a job, and a guarantee a concept by which, if we induce Cubans
reflect as well on the clear lessons of last of asylum and beam it to Cuba. In Cuba to come to our country, not only would
October: it was not international law today, there are Migs and Soviet the Cubans who wish to be free and
which sanctioned our successful quaran- bombers poised to fly against us-and to Soviet soldiers who wish to be free come
tine of Cuba. Rather, the sanction was help suppress any internal uprisings to the United States, but, in addition, we
provided by history-and by the over- against the Castro-Communist regime. would utilize our so-called bounty to en-
riding needs of national and hemispheric By offering a generous bounty, we can able them to succeed after they arrived
security. raise tremendously the price of continued in our country-by helping them to get
I do not wish to be misunderstood, Soviet occupation of Cuba and the cost jobs, find homes, and feel at home in the
Mr. President. It is not to, prove the of maintaining there a Soviet-supplied, colony of freemen.
special virtues of my colleagues on this Soviet-led striking force. The threat of I wonder whether the Senator from
side of the aisle that I repeat my own defection alone may force the practical Utah has found elsewhere any support
suggestions or the bold proposal of the men of the Kremlin to reconsider the for this concept. I believe his proposal
Senator from Colorado [Mr. ALLOTTI. risks and the costs and the psychological is a reasonable and very -attractive one.
Where national security and national disadvantages of their present aggressive I hope he will find much support for it.
honor are at stake, there can be no Re- policy-not only in 'Cuba, but also Mr. BENNETT. I have not attempted
publicans and no Democrats. Parties throughout the hemisphere. to measure public opinion before sug-
and men may disagree over the means- Let us go further: We should offer gesting it on the floor of the Senate.
but there must be and there is an over- asylum not only to fliers, but also to any Mr. ?MUNDT. It is a splendid sug-
whelming American consensus where the and all Soviet soldiers now engaged in gestinn, by far more attractive than the
goal of national policy is concerned- the occupation of Cuba. Judging from policy which now being consummated,
and that is the goal of freedom with the lessons of Eastern and Central Eu- whereby the United States paid black-
honor. rope and of Korean-and remembering mail-by providing medicines-for
ANY PROGRAM FOR FREEDOM the lesson of the Berlin wall-the odds bringing enslaved Cubans to our area of
We who join in a mounting call for are strongly in our favor. And defection freedom. By means of the Senator's
effective action are not jealously wedded would be relatively simple-either over proposal, not only would Cubans be
to a new departure in Cuban policy of the lines and into Guantanamo, or as brought to freedom, but we would avoid
our own devising. What we seek-what part of the steady flow of Cubans who the kind of refugee problems which exist
we demand-is any program of action leave their country by small boat. The in Miami as a result of the medical ex-
that promises to remove the clear and means for this seaborne exodus already changes, for those who came here would
present menace of Communist aggres- exists in the fleet which moves regularly find work and the opportunity to become
sion from this hemisphere and, ulti- between Cuba and Florida and the is- productive citizens in their new, free
mately, to restore freedom to the captive lands of the Caribbean. home.
Cuban people. That is our goal-not for Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, will the Mr. BENNETT. I appreciate the com-
crude partisan advantage but, rather, for Senator from Utah yield? ments of the Senator from South Da-
the cause of freedom. Mr. BENNETT. I am glad to yield. kota, and I am grateful for his support
The thrust of modern warfare need Mr. MUNDT. First, I should like to of this idea.
not be purely or even primarily military. congratulate the Senator from Utah on There is also a further difference, par-
Indeed, in the continuing struggle of the presentation of a very challenging ticularly if the offer resulted in the
freedom against tyranny-of free world and constructive speech, and especially defection of Cuban fliers. When we
forces against the implacable aggres- to congratulate him on bringing up what contributed $53 million worth of medi-
sion of militant world communism-the to me, at least, is a new idea, one which tine to Castro, we were bolstering his
weapons of psychological warfare are I have not heretofore heard advanced economy. But by means of my pro-
often more effective. In this arsenal, the authoritatively-namely, the encourage- posal, we would be drawing funds and
essential weapon is simply the will to meat of defections from Cuban soil to value out of his economy, and would be
victory. It is bold purpose. It the will the American soil. increasing the costs to the Russians of
Jackson committee emphasized as long It seems to me the Senator from Utah maintaining themselves in Cuba.
ago as 1953-the clear and unambiguous has hit upon a concept which well de- Mr. MUNDT. The Senator from Ida-
message, to all our friends and to every serves careful consideration by the ad- ho makes a very good point, because thus
potential enemy, that America means ministration. I believe the administra- we would drain out not only important
business. We believe In the principles tion either should pro.ceed-to implement people but also, in the case of Migs or
of freedom. And we are prepared to it by a program of this type, or should Soviet military installations, things of
fight for its preservation, for its exten- make some reasonable answer as to why definite use to the Soviet economy and
sign -and where tyranny rules a once it feels such a program has serious de- security.
free people, for its restoration. ficiencies. In dealing with a problem as old as the
There is nothing mysterious about psy- After hearing the Senator's proposal Cuban challenge and the Communist
chological There is arfare. It is simply the for the first time, I believe he proposes takeover by Castro in Cuba, new ideas
e
effective l warfare. It of resolute nee a far better program than the ill-con- are hard to come by. So I salute the
tional ffective implementation
The ioa of es ite naceived administration program of trad- Senator from Utah for having developed
ments are information policy. et prat instru- ing tractors for Cubans, which was com-this idea; and I hope that by expressing
maar r every and nd medium-radio, ropagandplained about so bitterly by Di'. Milton it and by obtaining the widespread pub-
transmitted , even messages Eisenhower In his recent book, in which licity .it deserves, the administration will
leaflets, balloons,
public monuments. In the he alleges the administration induced either submit to us a plausible argument
on walls l the battle for ultimate Cuban him to participate in the program, and as to why the Senator's proposal should
case of not sboast- that then, when the American reaction not be adopted, or else will accept it-
liber beratiothe have ba at I our do command speak pe the ast- was almost universally antagonistic, the with the result that,, at long last, some-
fully-we of touc to blast the pre- administration walked out and left poor thing will be done to try to reduce the
motions of the Castro Communists and Milton holding the sack. size of the Communist menace in Cuba.
to expose the reality of their cruel and Although I think Dr. Eisenhower Mr. ALLOT. 'Mr. President, will the
arm, tyr- might have exercised a little more pru- Senator from Utah yield?
dence before joining in a concept of this Mr. BENNETT. I am happy to yield
EXPLOIT PSYCHOLOGICAL ARSENAL kind, I feel he is entitled to complain, to the Senator from Colorado.
But we have not yet begun to exploit after he was pulled into the movement 1. ALLOTT. I too, wish to congrat-
all the weapons in our psychological ar- but then found, when the results were ulate the Senator from Utah for keeping
senal. First, I repeat, must come bold antagonistic, that the administration this subject before the Senate and the
policy and resolute will. Only when we walked out and left him holding the sack. people of America. I also wish to con-
have that can we plan definite programs. Perhaps next time he should be, more gratulate the Senator for the contribu-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 9
tion he makes by his speech-which I
have had an opportunity to read-which
shows his willingness to face this issue.
We are told by the administration that
because of this or that, we cannot do
certain things. For example, that we
must not recognize a government in ex-
ile, because if we did, we would then re-
lease Castro from his obligations as a re-
sponsible government in the world.
But Castro has already confiscated all
American property, and much other
propery in Cuba; and he has confiscated
our Embassy. Nevertheless, the admin-
istration and the State Department are
still hanging on to the theory that we
are dealing with a responsible man, with
a responsible government.
What the Senator from Utah has pro-
posed, it seems to me, is that we stop act-
ing like a prize fighter who is beaten and
start to act like a prize fighter who in-
tends to win. The Senator from Utah
proposes several things-particularly, I
think, propaganda things-by which we
can win. We can win there; but we must
start thinking. The Senator has put
emphasis upon the will to win. If, in
this administration, there is no will to
win, certainly there is not going to be any
Cuban program.
I hold in my hand a copy of a letter and the free world to rid the free people
sent to one Senator by the Assistant Sec- of the world of this nest of aggressive
retary of State. It shows a complete lack Communist invaders armed to the teeth
of will to come to grips with anything. and bent upon our destruction.
We have been told we cannot do that- Then, as we turn on our television
for example, that we cannot adopt the sets in September and October of 1964,
proposal made by the Senator from Colo- we shall be expected to believe that his-
rado on June 17, because the groups are tory begins again. At that time we will
be advised that a crisis confronts the
hat
f
411G aisaci +~ u++ ywy. ??? _
But the express pulpwc o
y- 1,11v u 111pca o
posal was to offer an inducement to the leadership and our foreign policy ad- ould
exiled Cuban groups to create unity. visers are in accord that we should move speevend to dare Cuba ba was was war such that t they they ye ww the atomic Every time the Government of this forward with vigor and determination to danger dare Cuba had come a the real of th
suppo ed to bow danger that we discovered in October. All ment n a
menace along a lack , will proceed the tAme ican pe ple great
definite course, the groups frag- The Senator is completely right about
un-
a just that much more. So I wish to down and say, "Hail, hail, 0 Chief. Thou the psychological arsenal. We are un-
say that I think the proposal of the Sen- Nast presented us with a solution to our the pointedly ena markedly, with
ator from Utah makes sense. I think all problems." The people are expected to derusing i respect Cuba. We are certedly ith
the proposals made the floor of the be Then asst a heaves continue to fall derusing it almost as badly with respect
Senate te in in the last 2 months constitute-
although perhaps not the whole an- and the snow begins to fly in mid- to central Europe.
starve our information services.
swer-methods by which our country can November we will be right back to the We ee not use the ingenuity orma oof either
adopt a different policy toward Cuba. I Place at which we started. We not warfare either with
believe, as the Senator from Utah does, I commend the Senator from Utah economic or Psychological holi anywhere in the
world until Communists t mooog a hot war. In the
that this is the will of the American for his presentation. He has indeed the
people. raised once more the recurring ques- atomic war we get be much tlate.
too o from Utah
Mr. BENNETT. I appreciate the con- tion, When are we going to get the Rus- it will the Senator
tribution of the Senator from Colorado. sians out of Cuba? When will we do So I join
that part with thhis e Senator prescription. The
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, will the something to keep a menace 90 miles in proposed S great weapon. We
Senator yield? from us from growing and growing until weapon are the most skillful publicists We
Mr. BENNETT. I yield. it is no longer a menace but an enemy Sena- in action against our people? world when it comes to toothpaste, tires,
t . SCOTT. I congratulate the of his When will our Government have a and automobiles, but we fall flat as a flat
Mr
vie s, the cogent presentation of of a policy about Cuba which represents the tire when it comes to the struggles of the
festering Cub- policy of the American people to pre- cold war.
views, idea nrd his the
anw iein regard Senator thhas festering made a a vent the further aggression of Soviet I am glad to hear the Senator's dis-
point The deserves to h communism, which is both ominous and tinguished voice raised, because he is a
point which only response e further a d- deadly, and, if we have a policy, when conservative member of my party, and
stres. m nistr The only t from ads will they tell the American people about it is good to identify those things in
various S the that cer- it? which we can speak together in favor
suggestions spokesmen
suggestions be various Senators that tera Again I salute the Senator for his of the United States spending some
tarn things a done with regard Is l to Cuba presentation. money and taking some action in the
has been dead silence. it Is almost i n- Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President. will the psychological warfare line. possible
-in cerned, It has fact, so far as I am come Senator yield? The Senator from South Dakota [Mr. -to cerned,
Interest has bean Impossible the arouse Mr. BENNETT. I yield. MUNDTJ and I served together In the
the single what- other side of the aisle to Senator y to anything wMr. JAVITB. I have notbeen present house. We joined hands many times on
ever that is said about Cuba. One would in the Chamber while the Senator de- issues, though he and I do not see eye to
get the impression that the very mention livered his entire address, but I have had eye on every issue. On the present ques-
of the word "Cuba" was enough to empty the opportunity to read a summary. I tion we always see eye to eye, as I do now
at least one-half of the Senate Cham-
ber, and perhaps to empty the minds of
those whom we expected to have some
interest In a menace to our national se-
curity only 90 miles from our own shore.
It seems to me that that very odd silence
either betokens disinterest or apathy, or,
what is even more chilling, the entire ab-
sence of a foreign policy position with
regard to Cuba.
I am sure the Senator will agree with
me that it is hardly foreign policy to
leap from crisis to crisis the way a moun-
tain goat leaps from precipice to preci-
pice, and call that foreign policy. We
all know that along about September or
October of next year we shall be con-
fronted with a Cuban crisis. We all
know that as the leaves begin to fall,
the press releases fall with them. The
television and the radio become magne-
tized with new fervor. Then a great
crisis will confront the American people,
at which point they are asked to forget
everything that ever went on before-
to forget the apathy, to forget the do
nothingness, and to forget the absence
of a foreign policy. They are asked to
forget that everything that went before
was a failure to meet the responsibility
should like, with the Senator's permis-
sion, to comment briefly. It seems to
me that whether one agrees with every
prescription of the Senator or not-and
I happen to agree thoroughly with the
one he is making today, which is the
exploitation of the psychological ar-
senal-it is a fact that the Senator is
thoughtfully urging a positive course of
affirmative acts by our Govrenment in
respect to Cuba. In that statement, any
member of our party, whatever wing of
the Republican Party to which he be-
longs, can join hands. It is the function
of the minority to see that our Govern-
ment does something about Cuba to give
it the best counsel and guidance that
we humanly can do so on that score.
The points of pressure which the Sen-
ator has outlined are undoubtedly sound.
They are points of economic and diplo-
matic pressure. For myself, I feel very
strongly about collaboration with the
other American states. I feel very
strongly about the possibility of a mu-
tual defense treaty in the Caribbean with
the Central American countries which
are the most threatened.
Whatever may be my prescriptions,
they do not have to agree with those of
the Senator from Utah, for whom I have
the utmost respect and personal regard.
The fact is that it is the intention of
the minority to insist that we need not
stand still in this situation merely be-
cause one door has been blocked, to wit,
the door of forceful action, which may
have come as a result of our confronta-
tion in October, but which happily did
not. Though we did not win a whole
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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
with the Senator from Utah. The weap-
on of psychology is a powerful weapon.
Let us use it.
Mr. BENNETT. Mr..President, I ap-
preciate the comments of the Senator
from New York. He has demonstrated
that there can be unity among the
Republicans when the problems of na-
tional security are at stake.
I should like to go a little deeper, into
the question of psychological warfare. I
was speaking of defections.
The value of these defections would
be enhanced, beyond merely psychologi-
cal considerations, by the vital informa-
tion the Soviet troops would bring with
them. I need not spell out the details
but merely assert that, with this infor-
mation, our conjectures about the mili-
tary buildup in Cuba might well become
hard, reliable intelligence.
SOVIET DEFECTIONS KNOWN
These suggestions are not wild dreams,
Mr. President. The defection of Soviet
personnel is a reality, everywhere in the
world where the opportunity exists. It
is going on today in Cuba where, ac-
cording to every report from Cuban
freedom fighters, Soviet officers and men
are joining the anti-Castro partisans in
the Cuban hills. These men have voted
with their feet. They have chosen free-
dom-, in the face of. grave risk and the
threat of terrible retaliation. Let us
improve their opportunities. Let us in-
crease their incentives. Let us now
match our dedication to theirs. Let us
both stimulate and reward their courage.
To all the proposals and all the sug-
gestions for devising a new and effective
Cuba Policy, I urge consideration of this
added step. Let this Freedom Bounty
constitute one more incentive in the
march toward Cuban liberation. But,
Mr. President, I repeat that all the pro-
posals-to which I have referred are just
that: proposals for possible courses of
action.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. BENNETT. I am happy to yield.
Mr.. MUNDT. The Senator has used
the word "bounty," which to me has a
much greater American connotation
than the word "blackmail." I like the
concept of paying a bounty to those
who will voluntarily leave Cuba, much
more than surrendering to the black-
mail of Castro who says:
Give us tractors, give us medicine, give
us guarantees or we will continue to keep
your people in prison. -
I served in the House of Representa-
tive for many years with a delightful
'and distinguished gentleman from Penn-
sylvania by the name of Bob Rich, who
periodically-once or twice a week-
would stand in the well of the House as
he confronted the statistical report from
the Department of the Treasury, and a
new spending request, to say, "Where are
we going to get the money?"
I ask the Senator from Utah a ques-
tion. If the administration should say,
"This is a pretty good idea, but where
are we going to get the money?" Would
the Senator agree with me that if the
administration were to take a single
step-that is, to give to Americans the
assurance that those who desire to con-
tribute to a Cuban Freedom Bounty
Committee would be given the same tax
concessions accorded to the corporations-
which provided the medicine in exchange
for prisoners-there would be no diffi-
culty whatsoever in raising a sufficiently
large bounty fund by volunteer contribu-
tions from patriotic Americans so that
as Soviet defectors and Cuban defectors
came to this country they could be pro-
vided with a home, or a little farm, or
a business opportunity, so that they
could work with fellow freedom-loving
Cubans for the eventual installation of
freedom in Cuba?
Mr. BENNETT. That certainly would
be an interesting extension of a program
the administration adopted when it faced
the earlier proposition of gathering
funds for blackmail or ransom.
Mr. MUNDT. I cannot escape the con-
viction that a great many more Ameri-
cans would be willing to contribute of
their funds for a bounty, for a reward, or
for a, grubstake for people defecting
from Cuba than were willing to con-
tribute ransom money or blackmail
money, either in terms of tractors or of
medicine.
. Mr. BENNETT. It is an interesting
extension of the idea.
Mr. President, I continue: If the ad-
ministration has better and more effec-
tice. strategies and can gather a wider
arsenal of psychological weapons let us
hear what they are. We will welcome
and support them. We are looking
neither for personal glory nor partisan
advantage-rather, we are seeking indi-
cations of firmness of purpose and a
will to victory. We plead for some sign
that the administration is ready, finally,
to lead all the people of the Americas to-
ward the goals of freedom and justice.
Let us be done, therefore, with empty
promises, with unfilled pledges, with end-
less evasions and delays. ' There are
times when men, and nations, of principle
must declare themselves, must stand up
and be counted. There are issues that
must be boldly met and effectively re-
solved. This is just such a time, Mr.
President, and Cuban liberation is just
such an issue.
UNITY IN OCTOBER
In October last the battleline was
clearly drawn, and the courage' with
which our leaders met that confrontation
thrilled the American people with a unity
of support. Events since have been be-
wildering and discouraging. They bring
to my mind the same Biblical passage
that flashed its warning to me then. Let
me repeat it again to the Senators today.
Christ said, as recorded in St. Luke,
chapter 9, verse 62: "No man, having put
his hand to the plough, and looking
back, is fit for the kingdom of God."
We have just done that. Last October
we put our hands to the plow, and then
we turned back. Fortunately there is
still time to save the situation by recov-
ering our original boldness. But every
passing day strengthens our enemy and
increases our difficulties. We must not
allow the Cuban problem, and the slavery
of the Cuban people, to be forgotten or
to become a sacrificial pawn in a global
program to keep Khrushchev smiling.
When do we put our hands back an the
plow, and start plowing?. When do we
demonstrate in Cuba that we are "fit for
the kingdom"?
The American people have never lost
their will to win, and will rally again to
the administration as they did last Oc-
tober when they see this determination
become again the basis of its Cuban pol-
icy. And if and- when this happens, who
in the United States, in Cuba, in Latin
America-yes, who in the world-can
doubt its outcome?
Mr. CURTIS and Mr. HICKEN-
LOOPER addressed the Chair.
Mr. BENNETT. I am happy to yield
first to the Senator from Nebraska.
Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, I com-
mend the distinguished Senator from
Utah for his thoughts and for the time
spent on his remarks, as well as for pro-
voking interest on the Senate floor. The
Senator's suggestions are meritorious.
It seems to me quite apropos that the
speech be made today, when the Senate
is considering an authorization bill deal-
ing with outer space. Many Americans
laud the great accomplishments in that
area but are also concerned about the
question, "In the meantime, who is go-
ing to control the earth?"
It is a real problem. We cannot es-
cape. We cannot sweep under the rug
the problem 90 miles from our shore, or
close our eyes to it.
Mr. BENNETT. I appreciate the
thoughts of my friend.from Nebraska.
I now yield to-the Senator from Iowa.
Mr. HICKENLOOPER. Mr. Presi-
dent, I congratulate the Senator from
Utah. He has delivered a most percep-
tive and timely speech on a subject which
is of great seriousness. He has pointed
out that an uncertain policy and dilatory
actions have consistently led us into
more confusion internationally than we
have been in for many years. I think
it is timely for him to speak now, and
I congratulate the Senator for the vigor
of his presentation and for the truth of
what he has said.
I know of no other time when inter-
national tensions have been so great and
confusion and uncertainty of policy so
evident. That, more th9h anything else,
has been a great disservice to the devel-
opment of the real unity of purpose of
the nations we hope. to have allied with
us in fighting the great ideological battle
and other battles in the world; and it
has been a disservice in respect to stim-
ulating adherence to our side among na-
tions which are neutral and- groping for
leadership, which they have not yet
found in our policy.
Mr. BENNETT. I thank my friend
from Iowa, the ranking Republican on
the ForeignaRelations Committee; whose
voice is important on all questions in-
volving foreign policy.
Mr. President, I yield the floor.
AUTHORIZATION OF APPROPRIA-
TIONS FOR THE NATIONAL AERO-
NAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINIS-
TRATION
The Senate resumed the consideration
of the bill (H.R. 7500) to authorize ap-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE August 9
propriations to the National Aeronautics only after they have been requested. It
and Space Administration for research will be in the nature of a postaudit or
and development, construction of facili- than a preaudit.
ties, and administrative operations; and Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, I
for other purposes. did not make a point of order against
Several Senators addressed the Chair. this amendment, because it is not neces-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sarily the same as the previous one. I
Senator from Alaska [Mr. GRUENING] is hope it will be voted down. In view of
recognized. the amendment previously offered, I
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, I of- hope the Senate will wait and see what
fer an amendment to H.R. 7500 which I would be accomplished by the language
send to the desk and ask to have stated. that has already been adopted. There-
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The fore, I hope the amendment will be de-
amendment will be stated for the In- feated.
formation of the Senate. The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. On page 10, question Is on agreeing to the amend-
after line 25, it is proposed to delete the ment of the Senator from Alaska [Mr.
period and to insert the following: GRIJENING) to the committee amend-
Provided, however, That any funds author- ment.
ized to be appropriated by this Act may be The amendment to the amendment
obligated or expended for the conduct of was rejected.
any scientific or technological research or Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, I send
development activity for or on behalf of any amendments to the desk, which I offer
person providing satellite communications
services other than an agency of the United
States Government. or for the furnishing to
or on behalf of any such person of any
scientific or technological advice or Infor-
mation, Provided, however, That such person
has been obligated by contract to make
reimbursement to the Administration for a
proportionate share of all costs Incurred for
or In connection with the conduct of such
activity or the furnishing of such advice or
Information.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
question is on agreeing to the amend-
ment offered by the Senator from Alaska
[Mr. GRUENING]. to the committee
amendment.
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, I
shall take only a minute to explain the
purposes of the amendment. This
amendment would achieve the objectives
which the amendment offered by the
Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER]
and 15 other Senators tried to achieve,
and I hope It will overcome the objec-
tion raised by the Senator in charge of
the bill. It makes the action of reim-
bursement post facto and not before-
The PRESIDING .OFFICER. The
amendments offered by the Senator from
Ohio will be stated.
Mr. LAUSCHE. I ask unanimous con-
sent that the reading of the amend-
ments be dispensed with, and that they
be considered as though read.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
out objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. LAusCHE's amendments are as fol-
lows:
On page 9. line ii, strike out "$5,511,-
520,400" and Insert in lieu thereof "$5,203,-
719.400".
On page 9. line 12, strike out "$4,225,-
275,000" and Insert In lieu thereof "$4,013,-
175.000".
On page 9, lines 17 and 18, strike out
"$1,556,600,000" and Insert In lieu thereof
"$1.436,600,000".
On page 9. line 20, strike out "$1,153,-
500,000" and Insert In lieu thereof "$1,138,-
500.000".
On page 9. lines 22 and 23, strike out
"$140.000,000" and Insert In lieu thereof
"$125.000,000".
On page 10. lines 2 and 3, strike out "$44,-
175.000" and insert In lieu thereof "$42,175,-
hand. There is no Obligation to prove 000".
advance what benefits will accrue to On page 10, lines 5 and 6, strike out "$194,-
in the corporation. It is only after the 400,000" and insert In lieu thereof "$190,900,-
000".
benefits have been assumed by this com- On page 10, line S. strike out "1282400,000"
pany that there will be a responsibility and insert in lieu thereof "$254,400,000".
to reimburse. On page 10, line 13. strike out "$50,000.-
The amendment would also eliminate D00? and Insert to lieu thereof "$30,600,000".
the Comptroller General. I do not know On page 10, line 20, strike out "$98.687,000"
and Insert In lieu thereof "$91,687.000".
how the Senator in charge of the bill, On page 10, line 25, strike out "$220,200,-
the distinguished Senator from New 000" and insert In lieu thereof "$216,700,000".
Mexico [Mr. ANDERSONI feels, but I be- On page 11, line 2, strike out "$747,060,400"
Mr. ANDERSON. Mr. President, will
the Senator from Ohio indicate the na-
ture of the amendment, without reading
it?
Mr. LAUSCHE. Yes.
UNANIMOUS-CONSENT AGREEMENT
Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. LAUSCHE.- I yield.
Mr. MANSFIELD. I am about to
make a unanimous-consent request.
I ask unanimous consent that 30 min-
utes be allotted to each amendment still
to be offered and considered, 15 minutes
to a side, to be under the control of the
author of the amendment and the Sena-
tor handling the bill, and 1 hour on the
bill.
Mr. ANDERSON. If the Senator will
yield, on the Lausche amendment, I
wonder if the Senator would allow 20
minutes to the Senator from Ohio?
Make it 20 minutes to the Senator from
Ohio and 10 minutes in opposition.
Mr. MANSFIELD. I amend my re-
quest to 20 minutes on each side.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Does
the Senator from Ohio wish his amend-
ments to be considered en bloc?
Mr. LAUSCHE. Yes.
Mr. MONRONEY. Mr. President, the
bill before the Senate provides some $51/2
billion for an agency called the National
Aeronautics and Space Administration.
I am Interested, and I feel that many
other Senators are interested, in avia-
tion. Yet less than nine-tenths of 1 per-
cent would go into aviation research.
I wonder if the Senator will be good
enough to reserve some time to discuss
this question, not to amend the bill, be-
cause I do not feel it is wise to amend
the bill at this time, but to discuss the
Importance of aviation to America's
future prestige.
If the Senator will be good enough to
yield 10 or 15 minutes for that purpose,
that is all I ask.
Mr. MANSFIELD. I am certain the
Senator handling the bill or some other
Senator will be glad to yield him that
time.
Mr. JAVITS. Mr. President, I do not
want to be frozen by any agreement, but
could the Senator give me 5 minutes to
speak on the Securities and Exchange
Commission matter in the next half
hour or three-quarters of an hour?
Mr. MANSFIELD. I am sure that
Senators who wish to speak will agree to
that request. Could the Senator let ac-
tion be taken on the Lausche amend-
s
t
e s
d
-
_
u
me11Y, k
Oiler the ammen
precisely what many of us feel is essen- and renumber succeeding paragraphs ac- Mr. JAVITS. That could take 40
cordingly
tial; namely, to see that the Govern- ' minutes.
ment of the United States does not pay On page 11, line 8, strike out "$20,332,500" Mr. MANSFIELD. If all the time were
and insert in lieu' thereof "$17,032,500".
for services which benefit a certain pri- On page 11. line 14. strike out "$300,316,- used.
vate group or company, but expends the 000" and insert In lieu thereof "$279.677,000". The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
money to it on a loan or rtimbursable On page 11. lines 23 and 24. strike out objection to the request of the Senator
basis. "$102,198,000" and insert In lieu thereof from Montana? Without objection, it
The amendment would eliminate the 192,690.000'. Is so ordered.
technical and I think valid objection On page 12. line 3. strike out "$108,253.000" Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, is the
and insert in lieu thereof "$148,653,000 limitation 30 minutes?
which the Senator from New Mexico On page 12 strike out all in lines 4 and 5, Mr. MANSFIELD. Forty minutes;
raised; namely, that it would be difficult and renumber the following paragraph ac-
or impossible to calculate what the bene- cordingly. twenty minutes to a side.
fits would be in advance, and that he does On page 12. line 7. strike out "$25,000,000" Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, my
not want to Involve the Comptroller and insert in lieu thereof "$15,000.000". amendments, if adopted would reduce
General. The benefits will be considered On page 12, line 8, strike out "$539,185,000" the total amount of the appropriation
only after they have been received, and and Insert in lieu thereof '1508,185,000". for NASA's work from $5,511,520,400, to
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A5092 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
day, July 21, 1963, issue of the Washing-
ton Post and Times Herald-appended
to these remarks-the researchers' find-
ings were the result of a 32-month-long
study financed in part by a grant from
the National Institute of Neurology and
Blindness of the National Institutes of
Health.
Privately endowed organizations work-
ing for the enlargement of. scientific
knowledge are the unique and tangible
expressions of a free society. Since they
derive their main support from chari-
table gifts they satisfy the commendable
urge within many to "be our brothers'
keepers" while at the same time refuting
the Marxian principle that all benefits
must and do flow from the state.
Government-sponsored research does
have its place in our society since vast
sums are required to carry on intensive
and time-consuming studies. Currently,
for example, more than $1.5 billion is
being expended in basic medical research
with approximately two-thirds of this
amount being provided by Federal and
State agencies. But the importance of
private research, through industrial and
privately endowed Institutions, may be
seen in the fact that more than $500
million is provided by these nongovern-
ment organizations.
It is a source of considerable pride
that the world's greatest concentration
of medical and scientific activity is
located within Montgomery County, a
part of the Sixth Congressional District
of Maryland, which I am privileged to
represent.
Federal agencies, such as the National
Institutes of Health, the Naval Ordnance
Laboratory, the Bethesda Naval Hos-
pital, Walter Reed Army Medical Center,
the National Bureau of Standards, and
the Atomic Energy Commission have
created an exciting and stimulating
scientific community which has, in turn,
attracted major nongovernment research
institutions such as the Applied Physics
Laboratory of Johns Hopkins University,
large divisions of Vitro Corp. of America,
and a host of other independent research
and development organizations.
The National Institutes of Health
alone currently conducts more than 1,400
research projects in its laboratories. But
the importance of independence and
freedom of action in scientific inquiry is
recognized by the National Institutes
which, since 1946, has provided grants
to support the research studies of non-
-Federal organizations, including medi-
cal schools, colleges, hospitals, and sci-
entific institutions. During fiscal 1962
this phase of the NIH program provided
funds for 14,882 independent projects
It is this unique partnership of Fed-
August 9
mology specialist with the assistance of The Bethesda investigators also are study-
Dr. Robert H. Peckham, a specialist in ing rat eye lens in all forms of development,
biophysical research. Remarkable prog- from the tiniest speck of the lens in the rat
ress has been made in the 5 years since embryo to that of the fully mature eye.
its founding with 15 major reports hav- tion of such t the e lens in lens in the e progressive necessarily grressessive ives sCtaagges of
es of
ing been published in scientific journals. development, so the findings must be related
The private financial support it has statistically through generations of rats,
attracted has enabled construction of a rather than through the growth and develop
major new research building which will , ment of a single eye.
be occupied later this month. The larger Using the convenient experimental way to
quarters and new, modern equipment produce cataracts by loading the rat's diet
will result in greatly expanded basic re- with galactose, the foundation scientists
found that though the opacity of the form-
search and clinical programs in cata- ing cataract occurs some 4" days after the
ract, glaucoma, retinal function, and start of the special feeding there are earlier
cancer of the eye. A major phase of changes which occur during the first 24
into rehabilitation programs implement-
ing the results of research to assist those
with serious vision defects.
The foundation's work has been en-
couraging and its recent findings in the
field of cataract research augurs well for
those who are working toward the day
of eventual control and elimination of
this and other blinding diseases.
The above-mentioned Post article fol-
lows:
RATS TESTED TO END CATARACTS
(By Nate Haseltine)
Bethesda scientists are looking into the
eyes of test white rats, searching for the
cause and possible prevention of human
cataracts.
They have already reported finding the first
direct evidence of a failure in a biological
process in the development of diet-induced
cataracts.
The animal studies are underway at the
Eye Research Foundation of Bethesda, a
nonprofit trust fund set up nearly 6 years
ago for pioneering studies on such condi-
tions as cataract, glaucoma, retinal function,
and cancer of the eye.
Reporting their first clue in cataract devel-
opment were Drs. William M. Hart and Rob-
ert H. Peckhafn, ophthalmologists, and Janet
Appel, research associate. They reported the
findings, now prepared for publication, to
a recent meeting of the Association for Re-
search in Ophthalmology, in Atlantic City,
during the American Medical Association
meetings.
The research, they reported, demonstrated
for the first time in the intact eye a mech-
anism of cataract formation that occurs
before actual clouding of the eyelens.
The normal lens of the human, and rat,
eye Is clear and transparent. In cataract
formation, natural or induced, the lens
clouds to a milky white, much like the clear
albumen of an egg turns white in boiling
water.
The changes, they reported, involve an
increased flow of fluid into the lens, with
subsequent loss of eye proteins and potas-
sium from the lens. This signifies, they said,
an imbalance in what is called the active
transport system, the delicately balanced
body mechanism which chemically harmo-
nizes the lens tissue with its surrounding
environment.
For about 2 weeks, their experiments
showed, the lens seem to maintain some
measure of control, and then there is a
rapid collapse of the transport system. The
breakdown involves sudden loss of nitrogen
and potassium from the lens, and a water-
logging of the now cataractic lens.
The Bethesda investigators now are trying
to find out if similar changes occur with
other cataract-producing agents, such as ra-
diation. Finally, they will need to relate
their results to human processes of cataract
formation.
The research program is being conducted
in temporary laboratory facilities at 4806
Rugby Avenue, Bethesda.
Splitting the Peninsula
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT
OF LOUISIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 8, 1 963
Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker, at a time
when our Nation's attention is focused
upon the limited atomic test ban, we
must not forget that communism is
-pressing ruthlessly forward in Asia.
What is transpiring on the western rim
of the Pacific has, a direct bearing on
The Bethesda scientists sought to find out our national security and ultimately
what happens in the animal eye before cloud- upon ' the survival of the free world
ing occurs. They knew they could induce and our Nation itself.
cataract formation by feeding rats a diet rich Because of these considerations, I in-
in galactose, sugar obtained from milk, vite the attention of the House to an
Somewhat of the same process is known to article, "Splitting the - Peninsula," by
occur in the inborn cataract-forming proc- Brig. Gen. J. D. Hittle, U.S. Marine
ess in infant victims of a congenital condi-Corps, tion called galactosemia. Here the child's and fretired, director, national security
body chemistry lacks an enzyme which nor- and foreign affairs, appearing in the
has made it possible for such v y with optical properties. Infants with the rity Reporter, which is published month-be the
sponsored organizations as the Eye Re- wise ical
inevitable m cataracts savediffrom placed Dearly United tates,a underothe direction tof
search Foundation of Bethesda to de- enough on a milk-free diet.
velop its singularly effective Mr. Byron B.. Gentry, commander in
program of To those who question the meaningful- chief of the VFW.
research within the very shadows of ness of studying a human affliction in a rat's this article is timely in that it analyzes.
the National Institutes. eye, it can be pointed out that it was re- in basic understandable terms the com-
Organized as a nonprofit trust for search on the premature eyes of mice that
charitable, scientific and educational led to the eventual conquest of the human biped diplomatic and military tactics
purposes on Christmas Day, 1957, the blinding disease, retrolental fibroplasia. The which communism is employing in its
research showed that this disease was due continuing drive to conquer the vitally
foundation is directed by Dr. William M. to overexposure of oxygen to premature important southeast Asian peninsula.
Hart, a recognized research and ophtha- babies in incubators.
The article contains one of the first dis-
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 Approved For Release 2004/06/23 : CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240006-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A5091
Mineral County, W. Va., Surveyed
Nearly 300 Years Ago
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT C. BYRD
OF WEST VIRGINIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Friday, August 9, 1963
Mr. BYRD of West Virginia. Mr.
President, a recent article In the
Charleston (W. Va.) Gazette-Mail tells
of several historically Important surveys
made in what is now Mineral County,
W. Va.
The first known mention of this re-
gion was in the report of John Lederer,
an Austrian surveyor sent out by the
British Crown in 1669. A subsequent
survey was made by George Washington
In 1748. Nearly a half century later
Claudius Crozet, a military engineer who
served under Napoleon Bonaparte, sur-
veyed this section for what was to be-
come the old Northwestern Turnpike-
now U.S. Highway 50 west.
The railroad had been completed to here In
1852. Up until this event the town was
called Paddytown in honor of Patrick Mc-
Carthy who had settled here In 1760. When
the railroad was completed the name was
changed to New Creek-a. name of somewhat
more dignity for a growing railroad metrop-
olis. The present name of Keyser was given
the county seat in 1874 when the B. & O.
Division was moved from Piedmont to "New
Creek." This was the name of the vice presi-
dent of the company at the time,
"New Creek" was the site of Fort Fuller,
a Federal fort which occupied the entire hill
where Potomac State College now stands.
It was supported by Fort McWilliams on a
hill directly behind It and by Fort Piano,
constructed on a facing ridge. The Confeder-
ates were never able to capture and occupy
these positions, but they did great damage
to supplies, and so forth, through cavalry
raids.
Mineral County has been the scene of wild,
boisterous exploitation of natural resources-
Colorful railroading history and rugged
mountain fanning. The scenic beauty of
the county is unsurpassed In the entire coun-
try. Her citizens are definitely working for
progress but are hoping not to destroy her
picturesque originality in the process.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con- West Virginia Group Lauds James B.
sent that this article in the Gazette-Mail
manit
H
t
i
Hi
S
y
u
o
erv
ce
s
be printed In the Appendix of the REc- Donovan for
ORD.
There being no objection, the article EXTENSION OF REMARKS
was ordered to be printed in the Appen- of
ROYALTY SURVEYED MINERAL COUNTY
The rich land which lies around and in
HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH
OF WEST VIRGINIA
the present Mineral County was always of IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
interest to the British Crown and its queen Friday, August 9, 1963
colony, Virginia. The first knofvn mention
of the territory was in the report of John Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, the
Lederer, an Austrian surveyor Bent out in free world has been truly heartened and
1669 to ascertain just what lay In the west- helped through the efforts pf an Ameri-
the ern portion C of
Commission was Dominion. can attorney who gives his time and
rut
' L sent
King Mayo' in s 1736 to survey Lord Fairfax's landthe, talents so that men and women every-
fax Stone was erected a at this where can know the joys of freedom.
F
has served well the cause of freedom and
democracy. I ask unanimous consent
that the resolution of the Jefferson
County Voiture 1356 of the Grande Voi-
ture of the State of West Virginia, La
Socl6t6 des 40 Hommes et 8 Chevaux, be
printed in the Appendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
Whereas James B. Donovan has meritori-
ously given of his time and talents In suc-
cessfully freeing from bondage Cuban Na-
tionals and other prisoners; and
Whereas James B. Donovan has saved
countless lives and prevented the bloodshed
of human beings and through his unceasing
efforts has brought joy and happiness to the
families of countless Cuban refugees and
has through his individual initiative ad-
vanced and demonstrated the philosophy and
Ideals of the American principles of Inter-
national brotherhood, particularly with the
peoples of our Western Hemisphere: Now,
therefore, be It
Resolved, That the Jefferson County Voi-
ture 1356 of the Grande Voiture of the State
of West Virginia, La Societe des 40 Hommes
et 8 Chevaux does recognize the endeavors
and accomplishments of James B. Donovan
In the freeing of countless thousands of Cu-
ban refugees from imprisonment in Cuba;
and be it further
Resolved, That this Nation through the
Congress of the United States or other ap-
propriate governmental body take steps to
achieve this purpose and; be it further
Resolved, That Jefferson County Volture
1356 through its resolution committee take
whatever steps necessary to publicize the
action taken by this Voiture.
Dated this 11th day of July 1983:
Jefferson County Voiture 1356, Grande Vol-
ture of the State of West Virginia.
By: DEAN NICHOLS,
Chairman, Resolution Committee.
Research for Cause and Prevention of
Human Cataracts
ar
and the
time near the present town of Thomas. James B. Donovan has performed a
George Washington surveyed here in 1748; genuine service for mankind by arrang-
stayed with Farmer Brown in his log cabin Ing the exchange of Cuban prisoners and
on New Creek, and later met with an Indian other persons held captive by the Com-
raiding party. With an exchange of "fire wa-
ter" munist regime of Fidel Castro. With
and a session of "peace-pipe smoking" determination, with skill, and with pa-
thThe fast ng fort was south of peaceful. the Potomac River tience, Attorney Donovan contacted the
The firs now by the Ohio Ridgeey W. Van and from this reaversasoadmde ays. worked out rac-
was what terv General Cresap Washington's hie his wom n, and Schfor the ildren release of men,
otherwise
Revolutionary soldiers t to join in Waarmy at Boston. would still be languishing in the hostile
The old Northwestern Turnpike, or U.S. 50 atmosphere of today's Cuba.
west, was laid out through this section by As a recognition of his contribution to Napo- icon Claudius Bonaparte Crozet, I on n tthhe the eba sis of sis of of surveying ying the cause of freedom, the Jefferson
done by the Lewis party in 1746; such an County Voiture 1356 of the Grande Voi-
excellent job that only one curve was subse- Lure of the State of West Virginia, La
quently changed on the 5-mile grade up Societe des 40 Hommes et 8 Chevaux,
Allegheny Front Mountain. adopted on July 11, 1963, a resolution in
Mineral County lies in what was the orig- his honor. The resolution observes in
anal Orange County, Va., a county created by part that James B. Donovan has "saved
the Virginia House of Burgesses in 1734. countless lives and prevented the blood-
Orange County contained the present states shed of human beings and through his
of West Virginia, Ohio, Indiana. Illinois, and unceasing efforts has brought joy to the
Kentucky. In 1738 the land east of the Alie-
ghanies was divided into Lower Augusta and families of countless Cuban refugees and
Upper Frederick Counties. Hampshire coun- has through his individual initiative ad-
ty was proclaimed In 1754 from land lying vanced and demonstrated the philosophy
in each of these counties. Mineral County and ideals of the American principles of
was finally formed from Hampshire County international brotherhood, particularly
by act of the new West Virginia Legislature with the peoples of our Western Herm-
on February 1, 1866-the second county to ,,
be named by the new governing body. spherhere.President, it is a privilege to join
The county seat of Keyser figured signif-Mr. icantly during the Civil War because it was in this merited praise of James B. Dono-
an important center for the B. & O. Railroad. van. He is a credit to this Nation, and
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR.
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 8, 1963
Mr. MATHIAS. Mr.. Speaker, recent-
ly reported findings concerning eye cata-
ract formation dramatize the role being
played by privately endowed researchers
working in concert with Federal research
institutions.
The Eye Research Foundation of
Bethesda, a nonprofit trust created in
1957 to conduct pioneering studies into
the causes of blindness, presented its
findings to the Association for Research
in Ophthalmology during the recent
meeting of the American Medical Asso-
ciation in Atlantic City.
The foundation's research team is the
first to demonstrate chemical changes
which occur in the eye before clouding
of the lens occurs. The importance of
this work may be seen in the fact that
this is the first direct evidence of a fail-
ure in biological processes prior to the
visual appearance of cataract.
Subject of a lengthy review by Sci-
ence Writer Nate Hazeltine in the Sun-
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