KENNEDY'S TWO-FACED CUBAN POLICY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240015-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 17
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 15
• Publication Date: July 15, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

 ApprCC}NGlfi 7R L2ORf 6: CI jffiW383R000200240015- A4429
Behind The Iron Curtain : I Won't Tell
Them About Supreme Court, They
Think We're a Christian Nation
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. PATRICK MINOR MARTIN
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 15, 1963
Mr. MARTIN of California. Mr.
Speaker, the following article, written
by one of my constituents, ran on the
front page of the Imperial Valley Press,
Imperial, Calif., on the Fourth of July
1963. It should cause the State Depart-
ment to check its sources of information
about liberty under the Communists; It
should also cause each Member of this
Congress to pause before casting a vote
authorizing continuing aid to any nation
ruled by the Communists; at the very
least, it calls for corrective legislation
to permit Bible reading on a noncom-
pulsory basis in public schools. Under
unanimous consent I include Mary tell about the incredible "Kennedy
Dold's article in the Appendix of the policy" on Cuba:
RECORD: KENNEDY'S CODA POLICY A Two-FACED TILING?
BEHIND THE IRON CURTAIN: I WON'T TELL.
THEM ABOUT SUPREME COURT, THEY THINK (By Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott)
WE'RE A CHRISTIAN NATION WAsHrNGTON.-Presldent Kennedy's Cuban
(By Mary Ann Dold) policy has an increasing resemblance to Dr.
In March I made a short visit to Prague, Jekyll and Mr. Hyde.
While State Department spokesmen are
Czechoslovakia. my country where From s experiences rule nd in di- publicly proclaiming the administration's
Communists rule and a firm intention to continue to Isolate the
victual where vidual freedoms do not exist, I developed Red-ruled Island, the President's Inner coun-
mplacenToday- Today, cit of policy advisers Is privately pursuing an
in
deep sense of view o of f Ammericaericae ns' for attitude o of f co co country.
n view exactly opposite course.
cy, I regard my country with shame and pity.
are p proterotestst. . these
large see White
During my visit behind the Iron Curtain, Without House a authorities single
White
I met with the youth of the Baptist Church House of oil from Western and Communist
In Prague. I witnessed people whose freedom countries of it flow Into Cuba to keep muni t
to CaBtro's
of religion was being thwarted. These people nom o rating and his Soviet-
British flag. Three other tankers are Greek,
three Norwegian, and two Italian.
Inoverall tonnage; these tankers represent
nearly one-fourth of the 1,031,517 tons of
Western shipping now serving Cuba.
These Western tankers averaged two trips
to Cuba in the first 6 months, according to
the Navy, indicating the vessels are regu-
larly assigned to transporting Western oil
there.
As administration policy is to blacklist only
individual ships and not the entire fleet of
an owner, these foreign operators find it
highly profitable-and safe-to assign cer-
tain vessels to the Cuban trade.
This glaring loophole makes utterly, mean-
ingless the loudly ballyhooed blacklist the
only concrete measure so far taken to curb
Western shipping.
Repeated efforts by congressional leaders
to put teeth into the administration's
shipping blacklist have been disregarded by
the President and his policy advisers. They
claim stiffer measures would lead to vehe-
ment objections by U.S. allies, particularly
Britain.
Significantly, these potent White House
lieutenants are suppressing a Defense In-
telligence Agency report indicating that con-
siderable quantities of strategic lubricating
oil, processed in the United States and used
In ground-to-air missile systems, have turned
up In Cuba after being transshipped from
another country.
This same report also reveals that Vene-
zuelan oil is finding its way to Cuba by
trans=hipment through European and Latin
American firms.
5HIFIING POLICY
As reported In this column on June 19,
Prealdent Kennedy is seriously considering a
State Department proposal to resume diplo-
matic ties with Castro.
As a first step, the President Is contem-
plating reopening the U.S. Embassy in Ha-
vana by sending a charge d'affaires there.
Under the plan, this would take place in
September. At present, the Swiss are han-
dling U.S. affairs In Cuba.
The closely guarded move to "normalize"
relations with Communist puppet Dictator
Castro is linked directly with the President's
elaborate maneuvers to ease tensions with
Rwrsia.
If the resumption of diplomatic ties with
Castro can be brought off, the President then
contemplates a gradual relaxation of the
trade ban on Cuba. The administration's
decision to drop plans to ask the Organiza-
tion of American States to declare a sweeping
economic embargo against Cuba is a direct
result of these new policy considerations.
BEHIND THE NEWS
Chicago newspapers owe their interviews
with Benjamin J. Davis, national secretary of
the U.S. Communist Party, during the
NAACP convention, to an FBI tip, giving his
hotel and room number. The G-men wanted
to alert the public to the Communists' secret
scheme to move in to take over demonstra-
tions and sessions.
Another Yalta appears to be in the
wind, with the same authors telling us
why:
RUSSIA-UNITED STATES NONAGGRESSION PACT
were persecuted for their belief in God. I equipped and dominated military machine
met students who had been expelled from the ning.
Charles University. I met children whose equne President's assistants are even pro-
fathers were in prison. I met young girls ceeding with a closely guarded plan to re-in . who worked long hones to emboec one some diplomatic relations with Castro by
jobs yr not December eboya one sending a charge d'affalres to Havana.
Sundaay last Deecember able hours
these e young gc young boys and d The carefully masked face of the admin-
irls t stood up biomemunst unitt officials congregation officials and an- - istration's Cuban policy Is clearly reflected
the nceced setheir ce of belief m in Gpd d in Navy reports on the steadily Increasing
noun ands h . volume of Western and Communist shipping
I loaned hands and prayed with these d w to Cuba, surveys by the Maritime Admin-
might . some day ay b b We be that lifted the and Iron they y could lstratlon, and high significant discussions prayed might among top administration ofnclals.
then us in America. t s God for Naval Intelligence's latest reports disclose
their freedom to worship Christ t In their that 429 Russian-satellite and 205 Western
hearts. vessels arrived In Cuba In the first G months
The youth America is taught me their a of 1963. The Maritime Administration,
lot about my y Countr I]tly. America lacks certain clandestine information
dream. available to the Navy, states that "at least
"America," they said, "is a country based 167 free world ships docked in Cuba since
on a Christian heritage. It Is a nation under January 1, 19G3."
God. The words 'In God We Trust'. are According to the Navy's unpublished esti-
written on every coin. The phrase 'under mate, 96 of the Russian-satellite vessels were
God' is Included in the flag salute. The tankers carrying vital supplies of oil, kero-
people stand together in public and sing sene and aviation gasoline to Soviet and
'God Bless America.' Most important of all, Castro military forces.
the students can read about God in the Both of these official reports also reveal
ciRSSrooms. the disturbing fact that In the past 3 months WASHI NGTON.-President Kennedy and
"You know," they explained to me, "most an increasing number of ships riving free- Premier NGTON Khrushchev already have reached an
of the students in our country have never world flags have been showing up in Cuban understanding "in principle" to ban even heard of God." ports, under contract to Soviet bloc coun- under t tests In the atmosphere and under-
nuclear correspond with two boys from the tries, water and on a compromise tie between
church. I'm not going to write them about Most of these ships (39 In April, 42 In NATO and the Warsaw Pact.
the Supreme Court's recent decision to ban May, and 53 In June) are of British regis- The later is to consist of an exchange of
Bibles from the classroom. Perhaps they try, although many actually are owned by military missions between the Western and
will read about it In their paper-for news nationals of Greece, Italy, and Norway. Soviet bloc alliances.
like that is always welcomed by the, Com- THE OIL TRAFFIC Establishment of this relationship would
munists. If they should hear about it, I
know they won't understand. They would Of the Western ships plying the Cuban be the first step in an overall plan under
say it is a lie, produced by the Communists. trade, 21 are tankers, 13 of them flying the which, sometime In the future, a nenaggres-
"Surely." they will argue, "the Christians
will use their freedom of speech and units
in a protest against such a decision. After
all, what do American Christians have to
lose? There are no Communists to put the
fathers in prison, to send the children to
factories and keep the students out of the
universities. No, the idea of Americans let-
ting their great 'nation under God' lose Its
Christian foundation, is too absurd."
I'll just send them a newspaper clipping
of us Americans at our ig Fourth of July
ti
Kenn ' s wo-F red Cuban Policy
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
o
HON. STEVEN B. DEROUNIAN
OF NEW YoSA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, July 15, 1963
Mr. DEROUNIAN. Mr. Speaker, when
will the American people be told the
truth-when it is too late?
In the July 10 issue of the Long Island
Press, Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott
IN THE WIND
(By Robert S. Allen and Paul Scott)
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1.1840 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE July 15
bit of light on this particular situation.
The reason for taking the House floor
today in particular Is because of a mat-
ter that has been called to my attention
with regard to a new trip bring planned
and proposed, by U.B. citisens--nd
some foreigners--who are members of
the Committee for Non-Violent slams---
which came to my attention as a result
of monitoring Radio Havana. And WAS
is what Radio Havana now reports eon-
cerning new trips by U.B. Mind ants; tad
this, Incidentally, also b>Mudes certain
foreign students traveling to Cuba for
the purpose of demanding, and traveling
through the United States to highlight
that demand, that the United States
withdraw Its troops h+omi Guantanamo,
even though we are there by treaty
right.
What am I talking about? CMQ
Havana broadcast an July 6 the follvw-
ing Information:
There an three student O'oape parUCipat.
we in a worth through the United Stains
asking the Government to evocasle the
tauantaoanio Saco. They agreed yesterday
to meet at Grt ee Air Pam Bass.
Which, parenthetically I state is In
Brice. N.Y.
The students met on July a in Mvw 'lest
and sate tins their march would end at
Ouaotsaaerw Seas. dwrntte the fact that tea
VA . government; arbitrarily asdatatna prv-
bibitlooe against VA. ettlsine visiting Cuba.
This Is Havana Radio speakIng which,
of coarse. is the Government of Cuba.
which an the Communists. speaking.
Again on July 9 Radio Progreso. Havana,
said:
It was announced In New York that par-
ticipents of the "march aloe peace., Is" AMM
yeetesdal an routs to Cubs, alter having
made a Aug deawnstraiion of American
territory (VA. bees of Bike in Italy)--
Incidentally, demanding that we with-
-
draw our troops from that base as *oil-
with their anal goal being Oueadsnwaso
Bare. The group will be joined by m atpare,
from Quebao, Canada. and 12 from ONve-
land. Ohio. `reiterating their decision to
continue the peaceful fight for Cuba."
The members of the group pointed out that
the -fight for peace in the Oewribbean Is a
necessary condition for peace is all of the
warid."
They will travel through Mortis American
territory. frown north to south, until they
arrive in Florida, where they will astir- at
the city of Guantanamo, anon than 3,300
miles of journey.
They announced they would 'continue
mating acts of protest against the aggres-
sions or the United Btates against Cuba,"
and an journeying to O ant-namo, "de-
spite the olflotal Yankee teasures that pro-
Whit North Americas to journey to Cuba."
I assume that from Florida they will
go to Cuba in a manner similar to the
route taken by the 50 US. students who
are there today. who are there extolling
throughout the world the virtues of C i--
trolon and communism in this heml-
sphere and throughout the world. As a
matter of fact, one of these students even
went so far as to call Castro a "saint"
while visiting in Cuba. I shall comment
on that in just a moment.
Apparently the route these people In-
tend to take will be similar to that taken
by the 59 students going through Prague,
Czechoslovakia, to Havana, having got-
ten visas and penports from our State
Department to go to London and to Am-
sterdans,.
Be where are we? Well, they an-
oamoe, these now students, that they
will continue to make "sets of protest
against aggressions of the United stater
against Cuba, despite the oBa4al Iran-
boo measures that ptobibit North Amer-
jams from traveling to Cuba." Tice
Stats Departments soft line on the ille-
gal travel by the U American students
now being brainwashed by the Comma.
nists in Cuba has apparently meouraged
further of this kind and
further travel to Cubs. If the State De-
portment continues to refuse to enforce
the law that stakes travel to Cuba 1116-
gal, _ turthet ft-ations of this kind
and further date~ts from cubaom ex-
tolling the seer can become arts
at, Ctabi z and bommunisae's greatest
propWards, weapons.. Theme people bate
announced their intention to travel to
Cuba through the United States and,
therefore. should not be allowed to con-
tinue their propagandizing of Castro and
communism on U.S. moil or permitted to
go to Cuban soil through our. acquies-
cence In order to acoosgpltali this same
objective. How foolish i0 this thing get-
Uall to b0 ,The t has now beta
? set This new trip ,has now been an-
nounced. I b'fe demanded that the
State Department Call a halt to the so-
tions uuderwat. What in wrong with
It has been latereattas to mnd to read
some of the editorial reeactioms to the
States
demand that the law of the Wiled
be obeyed. Tithe li, U.S.C.. section 1183.
specifically says that wbmn the President
so proelaines U.B. ctiaeas shdi be darned
the right to travel to apeelfle countries
because it is in the best Interest of the
United States that they be so denied.
That Is a law Dammed by the U.S. CM-
With the obvious objective of not
permitting U.S. citbhms directly or hldl-
rectly to aid or abet the enemy.
Some my. Is Castro really the enemy?
T'he, President himself has said so by up-
holding this with. the proclamation of
January 16, 1961. denying such travel.
That was President Eisenhower. Presi-
dent Kennedy and the State Department
previously stated their intention to up-
hold this proclamation and the law It-
self. The Government of the United
States now has the duty to enforce that
law. The United Stater. the President,
as I started to may. President Kennedy,
has twice invoked the Trading With the
Enemy Act as It relates to Cuba. This in
effect states Castro is the enemy of free-
dom and of our Government's objectives
in this hemisphere under the law. The
Trading With the Enemy Act was invoked
with regard to tobacco shipments last
year. The Trading With the Enemy Act
was Invoked again just a few weeks ago
by the President relating to Cuba. The
United States has withdrawn recognition
of Cuba and continuing coin uric tioals.
continuing vmltations, without express
permission of the State Department are
In violation of that basic foreign policy
objective of the eventual political and
economic quarantine of Cuba. These are
some of the things that are wrong about
It.
We have cut off travel to numerous
other countries for other reasons, and
still do: North Korea, North Vietnam.
Red 4atine. Albania, and Cuba. All pass-
ports of the United States, partially as a
result of my objection. to travel to Cuba,
are now so stamped. Every passport is-
sued Is stamped as not valid for travel to
thom countries, including Cubs. This
is the U.S. policy. If the State Depart-
atent does not uphold the law it is In-
viting violation of the law.
What are some other reasons why this
Is a proper action to be taken and why
the hiw should be obeyed? I read the
press reports this morning and heard on
the radio that a U.S. citizen, one of the
59, was tilled yesterday In Santiago. We
beard that he was swimming In a swim-
eams pool- on a hot day. sweltering heat,
In Santiago and drowned. The news
report, did not give Bob Hill's home ad-
drxsas and gave no further explanation.
I think this Illustrates another reason
for banning travel to countries in which
the United States has no embassy and
does not recognize the countries, and
therefore cannot protect the citizens of
the United States who travel to those
eoimtries. We do not know how Bob Hill
was killed. We do not kihow whether
there iwns anything wrong in regard to
action by Castro or the Commun sts.
We have no way of knowing about it.
There is no protection for future Bob
Hills In these countries because we have
no embassies to accomplish that protec-
tion. That Is one of the additional rea-
sons for denying travel to these coun-
trim. .
A further reason Is obvious in con-
nection with this present student
vilitsUcir, these 69 students that are
there. when they go to these Com-
lOsunist countries, which even in-
.elttds-fsssta--and I have been there. I
have bean there under the sponsorship
of the Intourist Travel Agency. They
show you just exactly what they want
you to on, and nothing more. Them is
no such thing as free travel In Red
Chins, in North Vietnam, in North
Korea, There Is no such thing as free
travel in Cuba. These students. some of
them apparently, were bilked into think-
Ing that if they went to Cuba, they would
be able to see what the revolution was
all about and what is going on. Well,
the only thing they get to see is what
Castro lets them see and what the Com-
launiste let them see.
This trip is being sponsored by the
Student Union Federation of Cuba which
is headed by a known Communist. Ron-
ald Cubelo, assisted by Angelo Quevada,
another Communist. It is under the di-
rect sponsorship of the Cuban Govern-
ment and the Cuban Government, as a
matter of tact, Is paying the bill, as I
stated in the Racoas Just the other day.
Here are some of the other organisa-
tions that are sponsoring this trip.
There Is A.rniando Hart. He is the Com-
munist head of the educational depart-
ment In Cuba, the Cuban Ministry of
Education, directly under the Cuban
Government. He Is the one who is Is-
suing the orders. He Is the one who is
pulling the strings concerning this visit.
Everyone else Involved In the Invitation
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What else is wrong with this travel to Interests of this country to let specific lenis involved here and I think he should
Cuba Proposition? We have imposed a thm. Qnals
ban on not only travel but on economic there, for specific purposes travel be recognized for the tremendous job interchange between the United states that he is doing in the interests of na-
Business people now in the United tional security.
and Cuba for some time. A trade ban States are talking about traveling to Red Mr. CRAMER,. I thank the gentle-
aimed at all free-world trading with China. There are a number of them and man from Ohio very much. Of course he
Cuba has been Imposed. partially at they are attempting to get permission to likewise has been a fighter in the effort
least. We have stopped trading with travel to Red China.; The objective is to get this country to follow a firm anti-
Cuba. To permit these students, to per- the Obvious---to do what the Congress of Communist
mit this other group that is now talking the United States said shall not be done; I appreciate Policy
kind remarks. abroad
about going to Cuba; to go to that cam- that is, to open up trade between Red These are the signs of the times that
try does what? As Castro himself says China and the free world, meaning the bother me. For instance. here is an-
and as was stated in another of these United States In Particular. Red China other example, not only in the travel of
Havana radio broadcasts we have moni- already trader with Great Britain. So students and people to Cuba, but now
tored. this is an effective way of breaking the objective in the first instance is to go we end that there Is a proposal pending
the dollar curtain. And It certainly is. to that brutal Communist country to try and'. that permission is being asked for
The Communists on the Havana radio to create additional Markets in Red the reinstatement of the ferry and ship-
are bragging about these 59 students and China. That Is the objective on the part ping line between Key West and Havana. ymbolize. The w sat they sst to break the dollar d Implication curtain of these U.B. businessmen. If you are As I Informed the House previously, is t that has been Po bre around Cuba going to open up trade with Red China t2eiro were other signs with regard to
the the next thing will be a demand for rec- eonununieations and travel, such as the
United States. If this Is permitted to ognitlon, which has not been made. and United States permitting Cuban non-
continue. there is no question but what a demand for seating them in the United scheduled airlines to travel over the
tourist dollars will be flowing to Cuba. Nations. All of these matters the Con- United States going to Canada so long
This would undercut all of the basic grew of the United States and, I am con- as they stopped at one of our major air-
policies of an economic and Political fident. the people of the United States Ports for Inspection, Including Dunes
quarantine of Cuba in order to squeeze oppollie. Airport outside Washington, the Communists out of this hemisphere. There is a further basic aspect of this; you have the anomalous and almost un-
This is another thing that 1s wrong namely, the fact that the State
these rte planes thinkable s g over of d stoppng in the
with it: We have asked all other coun- went has done nothing to prevent Depart,-
tries in this hemisphere to stop travel flying over and stopping to the
Cuba. TBelden subcommittee let students from traveling and has shown ares6 of Washington, D.C.. on their way
the ub&. The the Senate subcommittee, a rather soft attitude about it and has to and from Canada. Also a week later and lb House
of the other body on enatesubc In male not sued Its Intentimi to seek their pro- the United States announced that the
America and o this o country ve the Ben- secutlon when they get back. That ap- ban on U.S. commercial airlines sched-
te ric clearly showed that Cuba pears to me to be a step In, the direction uled to go across Cuba was being with-
being
atengdeed a an Island for Cuba In of Coexistence with Castro slid cocomu- drawn. ' Yet they said there was not a
and that those trainffUbVerldve ees are niam in this hemisphere, which possibly deal made on those two subjects. I
training Kraito all other countries trainees was best exempilfied by the President's think the facts speak for themselves.
h
t hem In is to all of r oo remarks at American University when he You can imagine the U.S. Government
unarm, order r er t spire said--end this is the first explanation I lifting such a ban if they had not been
tro's comet have had as to why our policy is what convinced in the first Instance by some
nlsm to those other countries. and they it Is as it relater to Cuban communism assurance given to them
are doing it effectively. that- by the Castes
Mr. Cone, Director of Intelligence, e should would not that our c. Why, iaf curse
stated to the Belden committee that no reexamine our attitude toward would not be attacked. Wily, of course less than 1,5110 had gone to Cuba for the the Soviet Union- not.
re to
purpose of attending these subversive And that- ing To
up get and re back
newing this this ferry proposal for andhi ship-
schools In 1962 alone, naming some of Additional communication mesas
addi- tional understanding between the came- ping line between Key West and Havana,
crated. These 59 students are now in mat countries and the United States. here is the proposal. It Is for a shit. or 0,
Cuba and they. Intentionally or other- The word make er the Ord~e Sun week the
ryi g to
wise, are being put through the Commu- Honed, and certainly ly ly permitting i ttin was men- students three tries week carrying &*
rust subversive training Program_ That to go to Cuba Is In the form of an ac- already been leased b an Arrif- firm
.in what Is wrong with It. How foolish commodation. So this Involves the basic headed by a British nat onal.ic Castro
we look Insisting that all Latin Ameri- fundamental concepts of our foreign re- apparently has already agreed to the
can countries stop subversive travel to lations in the cold war. All the efforts I deal. I called the State Department and
Cuba and we let 59 of our students to have seen lead to the conclusion that we asked, them for information about It and
there for brainwashing. are rapidly on the way, this being an- objected to any such renewal of trade
The security of the United States is other element of proof in that regard, to- between the United States and Cuba.
involved, the basic security for our coun- coexistence with Castro and com- To my, amazement I was informed
try. An additional purpose not per- munism in this hemisphere.
matting people to travel to these other Let me give you another example that that the State Department indieveed
countries which the United States does disturbs me. that Brat are not any laws to prevent
not recognize, these other countries Mr. DEVINE. Mr. Speaker, Havana and Key ferry swine ertSince
which this Nation has stated are the gentleman yield? will the when" and gothe West. U I wonder .enemies of this country, Iour se- when" Does not the United States have
i rem . The security aspect Involves involved Mr. CRAMER. I will be delighted to the right to say what ships may enter
yield
urity Is and there Is no way in the world that Mr. DEVIINE~ I would like to com- th ht that this trade was with the the enemy? whole nole nI
our Government can control what some- pliment the gentleman from Florida for and one does when they go to those countries, rendering and bares for the present trade bales now that what Information they may leak to those Ice to his country. I think is a great srom in ex absolute right he United Stater has
. The gentleman man from the absolute righstate whether, for
governments or what may be brought Pinellas County, Fla.. has been an ar- instance, any foreign company ships
back to this country for subversive pur- dent lighter against Communist subver- trading with Cuba can then use U.S.
noses. The basic security of our Nation sion situations, and the whole Cuban pow and the United States as
h
is Involved in all ,t this travel. That is mess. We do not read much about Cuba said no, they cannot. I just wonder how
one of the reasons w:iy travel is forbidden any more. I do not know whether the far the State Department will go in
in these "enemy" foreign countries. Few administration, because of other failures opening this door of accommodation
exception,, exist and thy must get per- wants to sweep it under the rug, but It with Castro. I am h
mission from our State Department to appears to be that. The gentleman from opeful that they
do so and then only If rived them.le Ut921 3Me01~k R@R6d>~6i038 $ t ~f? of this
App - that Is another
 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
11843
11 51ff to do it is not
element on the road to coexistence and formerly Cam I orb
;;cominodation with t 3Poved For Re1da I )_ ee p ~O Q
Making this nhfaotim% with
regard to
the 59 students, what was the reply
that the State Department gave? This
is almost unbelievable naivete on the
part of the State Department. This is
the day following my last statement
on the floor of the House objecting to
this student trip.
A Department spokesman, Robert McClos-
kec told a news conference, "We hope that
thee students would have the opportunity
for frank exchange with students at Cuban
University where traditional and classical
autonomy has been lost to the dictates of
the regime and academic freedom has dis-
appeared in the stuitillaation of Communist
slogans."
That Is the usual doubletaik of the
State Department. They are on the one
hand saying, "You have got communism
In Cuba, you have got a stultification of
Communist slogans, you have a lack of
academic freedom," and then on the
other hand showing the extent of their
naivete by saying, "But we are con-
vinced the Communists are going to
show these students what the Commu-
nist revolution Is really all about," im-
plying that the students will thus find
out what is wrong with It. This is the
fuzzy-headed thinking of the State De-
partment that evidences almost unbe-
lievable naivete on their part, from New York City. It Is signed "Alan
I mentioned a minute ago something deReosa." This Is the thinking of the
of the brainwashing that was going on people living in the United States of
and here is another example. America who support these brainwashing
According to press reports Blas Roca, trips. I Will read the last sentence
the Prime mover of communism in Cuba nrst:
u.B A to bat the
for other 30 years-he was addressing We
brains need out of of a G punks In like e the
you
these 59 U.S. students-told 59 American
college students here on this illegal And he was writing to a Member of the
junket that Fidel Castro "began his U.S. Congress, Let us read the whole
study of Marxism early in life." card.
This was reported in the Communist I read that you are sponsoring action
newspaper Hoy: against the students visiting .Cuba.
You big bum. If you punks in Washing. wty
The students
pold
visit to n did Rory and Armed FOICeeaMinister Raul Castro p e izwtesomething for the benefit of
no the peo~-
v to
on. in
in the Hoy editorial ottloea yesterday
, the USA wld h
...oueae any Inteteres in am.
Raul Castro unquestionably has ban munism. The people In Cuba have kick"
a Communist all his life and undoubt-. off the Yoke of oppression. They have rid pitan edly gave them a good brainwashing. Me ot erg of the Bare atte crooks to the
Roca, one-time president of the Ooanmu-
something and
for r the now an td enp people. dow , do
Wet Party in Cuba is now editor of Hoy.e people of the
II What
Thi
s is what he said
:
One thing that is not understood in the
United Staten is that Comrade Fidel Castro,.
our leader and guide, began his study of
Marxism early In life and began to assimilate
the essentials of it.
Raul's wife, Vilma Flspin. also met the
American students. She had returned
from a Moscow Women's Congress only
2 days ago, held in Moscow.
Roca told the American group, which
Includes 10 Negroes, that discrimina-
tion will not disappear until "there Is no
more exploitation, no more imperialism,
which maintains Negroes and whites
divided."
Obviously he was trying to brainwash
the American students as relates to
racial problems in this country, imply-
Ing that citizens, Negro and white, are
better off under communism where every
One is a Prisoner of the superstate.
Last night the students were feted at
a rally in their honor at Liberty City-
munist all his life and whose name I Cuba.~or permission to thesegst dents to
mentioned Just a few minutes ago, tour the United States on their way to
These are some of the things that are Cuba which serves Castro's purpose and
wrong with these visits. gives him, I think, one of the biggest
The reaction to my remarks has been propaganda victories and weapons to sow
practically unanimously favorable, but false propaganda he has had for a
the kind of people who are supporting long time.
these trips and these students Is what I include related editorials and articles
Interests me. There is no doubt In my on this subject supporting my position
mind that those who support them are generally.
those who likewise support and sympa- Cause's 59 Qvxs=
thine with the Communist cause In Cuba, Not surprisingly, the 59 U.S. college stu-
even though they are U.S. Citizens. dents who went to Cuba in denanes of State
Here is some pretty Conclusive proof. Department warnings have been defended by
Here are some items that Caine to my a scathing of Americans. Their line is
omee. Here Is one that calve from i&l- that the Jude showed spunk and that the
aml. signed Janeli Itoeenberger. She State Department has no business dictating
states the address. We checked the ad- travel taboo..
dregs, and it obviously Is a fake. $d- That second point is open to debate. A
quotes the news article In July in which I can be mein for epe en right r Amerisoh-
I called for prosecution of those on this servers or f~ in Ind
gatherers ao on their
trip, if t they thgo on tir
own and take their own chances.
..We dare you." Signed "Janet." But advocates of that point of view make
Here Is another from Miami, "you a pretty poor argument when they cite the
ain't got a chance, man." Signed college rebels an a case in point.
?gym " The students' trip to Cubs can scarcely be
But listen to U31L Hole a called have dependent venture In any sense.
parently from Card ap- They gone there by way of Prague as
somebody who H he is not guests of the Castro regime-under the aegis
A U.S. citizen-is in this country by the of a front outfit called the Cuban Institute
Nothing, you bum Just filing
your own pockets and creating a bundle. We
need a Castro In the U.S.A. to bat the brains
out of punks like you.
ALax saRaoaa.
This happened in the United States of
America. This Is someone living under
the freedoms of this country. writing a
Representative in the Congress in this
fashion. Is there any doubt but what
this person is a supporter of the Castro
revolution and of the Communists In this
hemisphere? I do not think so. I think
It is the best evidence of who really is
behind this trip of these 59 students and
who undoubtedly would be behind the
trip of these other students who are now
planning to make this trip through the
United States and visit Guantanamo.
It is my hope that the State Depart-
ment will take a firm position with re-
gard to these new travelers in the United
States, these new students intending to
pro to Cuba. ' The State Department
should be unequivocal about this, and
.% swsemient Issued by thestudents In part.
Ing hinted that they thought Americans were
being led lies about the nature of the Casio
regime and the living conditions of the Cu-
ban people.
Dispatches from Havana since the stu-
dents' arrival Indicate that Castro is giving
them the full red carpet treatment And do_
ing 'his utmost to provide them with a
selected view of the landscape.
This is the sort of abuse the State De-
partment is trying to prevent as part of no
general effort to isolate Cuba and short eir-
eLdt Castro Propaganda. The example of the
a9 thus serves to Justify, not weaken, the De-
Lent'e restrictions On travel to Cuba.
Anyway, the state Department's aye or nay
isn't all that counts. The real criterion is
which prospective visitors the Castro regime
will admit orrefuse to admit. Thais, as much
as anything, is what. puts the trek of the
59 In such a questionable light.
IFroe n the Tampa Tribune, July e, 19691
Ax l'xvnrarrox ro Diaassracr
The presseice of 59 American students In
Havens despite U.S. State Department warn-
ings that they face possible jail terms and
Aria if they made the trip brings to mind
an old Marine Corps maxim.
goes something to the effect that you
never gun at anyone unless you in-
tend to pull the trigger, the theory being
that frivolity with the weapon erodes re-
spect for both the gun and the rasa behind
It.
Insofar as its curb on Cuban travel is con-
owned. the State Department had done a
powerful lot of pointing, but has pulled the
trigger mighty little.
The State Department carefully makes the
point that Itn prohibition dc._* not apply to
those who have legitimate reasons for travel
to Cuba--newsmen, those with humani-
tarian reasons such as doctors, lawyers, and
religious representatives, and those whose
business Interests on the island predate
Castro.
But Congressman WILLIAM C. Caasm, of
Pinellas County, recently furnished the Sen-
ate Internal Security Subcommittee a list
of 97 U.S. Citizens who defied the state De-
partment's ban and traveled to Cuba by
way of Mexico during A 6-months period
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 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --HOUSE Jul? 15
in I9s9. an"
o9P?'0'~ 1R~sleaise 2(X$4/OSr ai. G{> R6SB 4H00Q 2 A they would 'eontlnu,
other sources of Ps by additional Amen- Communist organ,, Boy and held a round- making acts of protest against the sggres-
catrs, Including V. T. Lee. erstwhile head of table dfaoussioq with the Oommunist bier- moss of the United States against Cuba,' and
the Tampa Pair Play for Cuba Committee. arc-by of Cuba: Journeying are Guantanamo. 'despite the
who was quoted in a Cuban magazine as "The 59 young brave Worth American stu. oScYankee measures that
havin made a s prohibit North
g perch In "broken but emo- dent are vialifimg our country to learn !lrat= Americans to Journey to Cubs'..
tlon-packed Spanish- in Havana's Plata de hand the Cuban revolution, were interviewed
la Revolucion declaring: last night by the National Directorate of the (Mr. CRAMER asked and was given
"I want you to know that may country is PUR (communist national direction of the permission to revise and extend his re-
anxious to know the truth about this heroin government). Comandante Raul Castro. Marks and include extraneous matter.)
island, first free territory of Amer" and Vice Premier and-Minister of Armed Forces:
that It doesn't agree with Kennedy's sggres- and Blas Roca, of Boy. The President of the
slona. Some day together we will wla" Federation of Cuban Women (Communist MALICIOUS STAT NT RENTED
The Senate subcommittee's records are re- women's group for the penetration of Latin
stlete with other such Instances. including America,) Vuma Mspln de Castro, and Legato (Mr. TAL,COTT (at the request of Mr.
considerable indication that Lee just about Pena, Secretary General of the Cuban Work- SneAL) was given permission to extend
=Annex and goes as be pleases where travel to ors Pederatlan (Pena has called repeatedly his remarks at this point in the Rzcoiw
Cuba is concerned. Yet only two U.S. citi- of workers In Venezuela and other coun- and Include extraneous matter.)
wens, Negro Newsman William Worthy, and tries to-revolt against the Imparl.1i $---aes Mr. TALCOTT. Mr. Speaker, portions
Mrs. Helen Maxine Levi Travis, of Los An- speeches of January 953) took part in the of a statement appearing In the QoNaaxs-
geles, have been prosecuted for violating the discussion.
ban- The meeting took place in the oldces of 111[0NAf. RSCOLD of June 27, 1963, on page
Such laxity Is hardly curbing travel to Roy, whose director gave the students a his. 11195, are seriously erroneous,
Cuba. About all it's accomplishing is in- tgry of the background of the paper time An unnamed union leader--after
fig disrespect for the State Department its foundation. For his part, Comaante claiming an absence of toilet and hand-
from U.S. oitiaane--and from governments Raid
such as F(atleo's which Castro, and his wife, V11- k I n, an- Washing facilities for migrants--ls quoted
only recently has swered all the questions put to them by the as saying:
been prevailed upon to quit permitting North American visitors."
Americans with nonvalid peasports to use The edit in Boy on July a is revealing: Consumers would gag on their salad If they
its airports as points of departure for for- "The Mobilisation of the heroic American now the lack of sanitary conditions under
bidden travels to Castroland. Negroes fight for their rights as citlsens which the products are grown and processed.
,
purveyor,
and the voyage of 50 American students to I challenge BTUntarrs ill CUBA Cuba, Is breaking the dollar curtain and or publisher re the
of the e quoted to
For the first time since Castro .yr.,.. r daatmvins cr,. - h , ,.- ,._ -- . ed stdt
Fourth of July. The flaming seems to lank- in prison (for the illegal trip)-.-demon- - able evidence to substantiate any such
cote an Increasing need for acoosnaodation ' strata that even in the fortress of imperial- charge pertaining to the Salinas Valley
with the United Staten in view of his troubles ism (the United States) tha contradictions in California. I believe, and unless fac-
with the guerrillas and maatlve resistance among peoples are beginning to explode." teal evidence Is produced. I submit that
(am his speeches June 15 and 97). He also Immediately following the editorial on the the statement is false---mltliciously false.
had a news peg on which to hang his Cu- American Negroes sad students, cam the More quality salad vegetables are
existence--60 American students-and Guan- following: grown and processed in the Salinas Val-
CAnarao Ba e. "The latter ?irnm the Ldtlst Flat of Lib- ley than in any other place In the world
The following in a translation of broad. oration of Uruguay to comrade Fidel Castro such conditions do not occur in the
cents over the Cuban radio, July 5: Impress" the unmovable solidarity of the "Havana, radio Progreso: Sector Juan peoples of Latin America toward the Cubans 812A Valley. Any product grown In
Marinello (president of the Cuban Oomamu- revolution is as immovable as the solidarity the Salinas Valley is thoroughly in-
must Party), of the University of Havana, of Cuba toward the Latin American peopley. spected for an Imperfections-by State
presided over a brilliant meeting last night The OAS with its treaties (accords) is in- inspectors and by industry self-inspee-
1n the Magna Hall. Said Dr. Juan Marinello: capable of killing this sentiment, or to iIn- ikon, for which there is none more strict
me Fourth of July is a glorious day for pede its expression. in the United States.
humanity, not only for the United States.' " "Our Peoples eau pose the read tb the in-
The meeting took place as an act of honor terventionlats, the fight of all the patriotic Moreover, the statement is an unfair
to the 59 U.S. student, who are visiting Cubs forces, demoorsile, popular, revolutionaries and false slur upon the migrlint workers.
"t,o learn drat hand the results of the Cuban socialists ' ' ' all then who refuse to cede Certainly the publisher of this remark
revolution." Following the winging of both to the Yankee foreign ministry as col- would not want to infer that the personal
rational anthems, the secretary of foreign oralea ? ? ? sW-?? habits of the domestic migrant worker
relations of the student union, Roberto Viz. Apparently linked to all this, CUQ Havana are Inferior to those of the bracero from
caino (Communist) presented the head Of broadcast on July 6 the following: Mexico.
the student groups, Levi Laub, who said:
a had no idea "There are three student groups pertici- Would anyone believe that
per-
that tonight I was going to paging in a march through the United States arW
'peak. If I had known it. I would not have asking come the Oovaruiaant to evacuate the such a derogatory remark about an in-
- I only want to may that we are happy Guantanamo Base. They agreed yesterday dustry in which he
over the kindness with which the people, to meet at Grilsth Air Force Base. The was interested or
and particularly the university students, are students met on July 3 In New York and from which he derived his livelihood.
treating us." said that their march would end at the Such a remark, even if well founded,
"Our trip," Laub continued, "has been the Guantanamo Rase, despite the feet that would be no Less than treacherous Sabo-
cause of surprise to our country ' ' ? al- the U.S. Government arbitrarily maintains tal;E.
though we have been here only a brief time, prohibitions against U.S. citizens visiting It would seem analogous and just as
we have observed the warmth which which Cuba .?
we, have been treated fair to publish a statement that all d0-
, and hope that in a Again, on July s, Radio Progreso, Havana, met;tic grocers, doctors,
short time, the Cubans will visit us In our said: and restaura-
universities-" "It was "flounced in New York that Leers in San Antonio had a contagious
venereal disease. Such a statement
Later the same day. Radio Progreso an- Participants Of the 'March For Peace' left
' "Today
"Today, July 6, the Association of the Rome Yesterday an route to Cuba, after would I resent be the rightfully statement resented about by the everyone.
salad
North American Friends of Cuba will eels- having made a final demonstration on Amer-
brato Independence Day of the United States wIcan i Territory (U.S. ba's'e of B1k1 in Italy) vegetableIndustry
Lh the
~ final goal Guantanamo Be". JUsO, It OCCUrs to me that if the cause
- ' ' end will hold a forum on the fight of ~
the Negroes for their civil rights in the "The group will be Joined by 3 others, from was valid, resort to false statements
United States. Quebec. Canada. and 19 from Cievelsnd, would not be necessary.
"Meeting with their resident compatriots Ohio, 'reiterating their decision to continue Most importantly, all people-except-
In Cuba, will be the brave North American the peaceful fight for Cubs.' ing one dishonest "rate-in every
students who have Journeyed to Cubs to see "TTme members of the group pointed out State in our Union can be assured that
with their own even the truth of the Cuban that 'the fight for peace in the Caribbean all vegetables grown in the Salinas Val-
"Amon the a necessary condition for ponce to all of ley Of California were and are of high
g participants in the forum will is the would.'
sate Hobert Wlliiams, well-known Negro "They will travel through North American qusaity, clean and thoroughly inspected.
fighter of the United States and srepresents- terri tory from North to south, unt1l they Any reasonable person should under-
of the International press. (Williams is arrive In Florida, where they will arrive at stand what every local governmental of
writing for Castro's propaganda news service the city Guantanamo, more than 3.600 miles ficlal In California Well knows; nafflely,
'rei]aa Latina.)" of journey, that it is enormously more difficult. ex-
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 1963
ApproveCONGRESSIONAL/ REZ:6f--1~~&5)RR 383R000200240015-0 11885
The agencies contend that NASA-the
Government's newest glamor agency as far
as Congress and the public is concerned-is
using higher salaries and promises of promo-
tions to entice the employees.
As a result, some Federal agencies contend
that their own vital programs are being hurt.
Some of the defense agencies, for example,
are unhappy about the situation. They as-
sert that their programs are at last as vital
to the national security as NASA's.
The Defense Department is not the only
Government establishment unhappy about
NASA recruitment of their engineers and
scientists. Other Government research and
scientific agencies are equally unhappy.
There is a definite possibility that President
Kennedy will be asked to order a halt on
NASA's recruitment of other Government
engineers and scientists.
NASA denies the raiding' charges. The
agency does acknowledge that of the 3,700
scientists and engineers it hired during the
last 15 months, about one-third of these
came from other Government agencies.
However, NASA officials say that about 60
percent of the engineers and scientists
secured from other Federal agencies were not
given higher salaries. The other 40 percent
did get higher pay grades on joining NASA.
NASA officials acknowledge that many
to
scientists and engineers switched over
their agency in the hope of eventually getting tanamo Bay, for a free provisional Cu-
higher pay. This is only reasonable, say ban Government, representative of all
NASA officials, since the agency is the fastest responsible Cuban factions, and one
growing one in Government and conse- which our own country could and should
quently more promotional opportunities-will then recognize. And instead of the type
be available. of Pacific blockade envisioned by Sen-
tennd d that of NASA other recruitment Government officers agencies con- stress ator CURTIS, I said at the time in the
this fact in persuading engineers and scien- discussion in the Senate-and I rise to-
tists to switch to NASA. NASA is one of the day to describe more fully what I had
few Government agencies that has no trou le in mind-that there is an alternative
getting all the money it w is frpm C n- fl t step which in my own opinion our
gress to run its operations. ' 14;gruntry can and should take in the area
INTENSIFYING THE FEE WORD'S Castro to his knees. However, I again
ECONOMIC BOYCOTT OF CAS- salute Senators ALLOTT and CURTIS and
all others who are devoting their talents
TRO'S CUBA and their thoughts to the imperative
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, during need to "get America moving"-to quote
the past several weeks, I have been inter- an almost forgotten phrase from our re-
ested and impressed as have many other cent past-in the direction of doing
thing more effective about Cuba
i
ons some
Senators by the developing discuss
of American policy on Cuba which were than merely decrying the existence of nounced last October, just before the
munist Castro dictatorship on discovery of the Soviet missile-launch
h
C
m
om
e
t
touched off by the junior Senator fro
Kentucky [Mr. MORTON] when he re- our doorstep and wringing our hands at sites and nuclear weapons in Cuba. It
cently delivered a most informative the unwillingness of the Russians to go consisted of the following:
speech on Cuba and called for a develop- home or the reluctance of Castro volun- First, U.S. ports will be closed to all
ing dialog on the subject. And since the tarily to abdicate. Our recent history ships of any nation that permits its ves-
executive branch has chosen to remain with relationship to the Cuban peril is sels to carry military equipment to Cuba.
silent about Cuba and continues its fail- indeed most melancholy and discourag- Second, U.S. ports will be closed to any
ure to propose constructive Cuban poli- ing. ship that on a continuous run carries any
cies I think it highly appropriate that One of the most inadequate and least nonmilitary Communist cargoes to
Congress has become a forum for this satisfying aspects of present U.S. policy Cuba.
discussion. I note that more and more toward Cuba consists of the half-heart- Third, Foreign shipowners whose ves-
Members of the House of Representatives ed measures that have been taken to- sels are engaged in trade between Cuba
are also devoting their talents to this ward weakening the economic base of and the Soviet bloc will be prohibited
serious and growing problem. the Castro regime. Granted, there is a from carrying U.S. Government-financed
On the Senate side, the senior Senator virtually complete embargo on . United cargoes on any of their ships.
from Colorado [Mr. ALLOTT] and the States-Cuba`tr'ade that has been in ef- Fourth, U.S. flagships of U.S.-owned
senior Senator from. Nebraska [Mr. feet since February 1962 and that the ships are forbidden to carry goods to and
CURTIS] have come forward with stimu- countries of Latin America are for the from Cuba.
lating suggestions of their own. The most part imposing sharp curtailments Mr. President, this series of measures
Allott proposal to encourage the estab- on their own trade in Cuba. But let us ciated; htron ,to when first they un-
lishment of a free provisional govern- take a look at the other measures an-add,
ment to be offered a home on Cuban soil nounced by the administration and see never put.into effect. The administra-
on Guantanamo base and the Curtis just what effect they have had. tion attributed its inaction-to the Octo-
suggestion that we establish a Pacific First, under the Foreign Assistance ber missiles crisis, the subsequent nego-
blockade of Cuba enforced by our Navy Appropriations Act of 1962, U.S. Con- tiations over the release of the Bay of
and Air Force have evoked spirited and gress provided that American aid will Pigs prisoners, and vigorous protests
informative discussions among impor- be denied to any country whose ships from some of our allies.
tant segments of our national press and carry arms or strategic materials to Finally, last February the administra-
each proposal has developed its own pro- Cuba. tion issued an order barring U.S, Govern
No. 106-10
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ponents and its opponents. In my opin-
ion, Mr. President, this is all to the good.
Challenging and constructive recommen-
dations such as those emanating from
the Senator from Colorado and the Sen-
ator from Nebraska may not be the final
and accepted answer to our continuing
do-nothing policy toward Cuba but from
the discussions involving these and other
proposals it is hoped that an all-Ameri-
can, positive, forward-moving program
may be evolved toward Cuba which will
force the Russian and Chinese Commu-
nists out of Cuba and hurry the down-
fall of Castro and the establishment of
a free and representative democratic
government in Cuba.
As I stated on the Senate floor during
the colloquies which followed the pro-
posals of Senators ALLOTT and CURTIS,
I am not personally wholly satisfied in
my own mind that either of them, or
both together, provide us with the prop-
er formula for action at this time.- I
believe we should, for example, fully
explore the availability of other Cuban
soil-some nearby islands, perhaps-or
some other log tion, other than Guan-
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed at this point in the
RECQRD the complete text of these con-
gressional prohibitions.
There being no objection, the text was
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows:
Public Law 87-872 (76 Stat. 1165), Oc-
tober 23, 1962: Section 107(a). No assistance
shall be furnished to any country which
sells, furnishes, or permits any ships under
its registry to carry to Cuba, so long as it is
governed by the Castro regime, under the
Foreign Assistance. Act of 1961, as amended,
any arms, ammunition, implements of war,
atomic energy materials, or any articles, ma-
terials, or supplies, such as petroleum, trans-
portation, materials of strategic value, and
items of primary strategic significance used
in the production of arms, ammunition, and
implements of war, contained on the list
maintained by the Administrator pursuant
to title I of the Mutual Defense Assistance
Control Act of 1951, as amended.
(b) No economic assistance shall be fur-.
nished to any country which sells, furnishes,
or permits any ships under its registry to
carry items of economic assistance to Cuba so
long as it is governed by the Castro regime,
under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as
amended, unless the President determines
that the withholding of such assistance
would be contrary to the national interest
and reports such determination to the For-
eign Relations and Appropriations Commit-
tees of the Senate and the Foreign Affairs
and Appropriations Committees of the
House of Representatives. Reports made
pursuant, to this subsection shall be pub-
lished in the Federal Register within seven
days of submission to the committees and
shall contain a statement by the President
of the reasons for such determination.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, these
provisions are not, however, enforced
with ? regard to NATO-type aid to NATO
countries. Hence, this is not as strong
as it sounds, since Cuba has been receiv-
ing arms from the Communist bloc in
Communist bottoms for 3 years now.
None come directly from non-Communist
countries.
 UO- --- ------------------- -
I AL RECORD SENATE July 15
ernment-financed cargoes to foreign This would require a similar ban by all chologieal value, but it has no practical
ships trading with Cuba. The President countries bordering the Caribbean. Despite effect or impact whatsoever upon the
directed Federal departments and the resolution of the council of the nroan-
agencies to Ueny-"shipments of such
cargoes on vessels that have called at a
Cuban port since January 1, 1963, unless
the owner of such a ship gives satisfac-
tory assurances that no ship under his
control will henceforth be employed in
the Cuban trade."
Thus, our present policy with respect
to discouraging our allies from trading
with Castro's Cuba consists of a provi-
sion of the Foreign Assistance Appropri-
ations Act of 1962 that Is virtually inap-
plicable and the order denying shipments
of U.S. Government-financed cargoes on
individual ships that have traded with
Cuba since last January 1.
In this connection, I wish to refer to
an editorial, published in the New York
Times, which states:
The latest step was a request to Britain
to prohibit Cuban planes from landing on
Grand Cayman Island, which is regarded as
a convenient transfer point for Cuban Com-
munists traveling to South American coun-
tries.
The editorial also states:
The other measure was a freeze on an
estimated $33 million in deposits ($20 mil-
lion held by the Cuban government, and the
remainder by Cuban nationals resident in
Cuba) accompanied by a ban on U.S. dollar
transactions with Cuba.
But neither one of these has any sig-
nificant impact whatsoever on the eco-
nomic situation in Cuba. I call to the
attention of the Senate this editorial,
entitled "'Controls' on Castro," which
was published in the New York Times;
and I call to the attention of those who
read the RECORD who may not be famil-
iar with the editorial policies of the New
York Times the fact that it is a news-
paper which supported the election of
President Kennedy, has supported his
foreign policy, and has fairly consis-
tently supported his attitude toward
Cuba; but that was going a step too far
in trying to bewilder and confuse the
public, so the editorial concludes with
the following paragraph:
The notion that Cuba is being subject to
total economic isolation may be politically
helpful to the administration. But the
actual impact of its latest steps is minimal.
In fact, they give Castro ammunition on the
evils of dollar diplomacy for his agents to
spread throughout South America.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the entire editorial be printed
at this point In the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed In the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the New York (N.Y.) Times,
July 12, 19831
CONTROLS ON CASTRO
With considerable fanfare the Kennedy ad-
ministration has announced two new meas-
ures advertised as curbing Cuba's ability to
engage in subversive activities. But on ex-
amination they are mostly bark and little
bite.
The latest step was a request to Britain to
prohibit Cuban planes from landing on
Grand Cayman Island, which is regarded as
a convenient transfer point for Cuban Com-
munists traveling to South American coun-
tries. Even If the British agree, Castro's
agents would not be confined to Cuba.
bars "to counter Castro-Communist subver- Is the Senator from South Dakota
sion In the hemisphere," other nations are familiar with that view?
unlikely to follow the United States in cur- Mr. MUNDT. The Senator from Ne-
tailing Cuban flights. braska is entirely correct.
The other measure was a freeze on an esti- I am sure it was that aspect of it,
mated $33 million In deposits (420 million
held by the Cuban Government and the among others, which led this pro-Ken-
remainder by Cuban nationals resident i nedy newspaper-the New York Times-
n
Cuba) accompanied by a ban on United to make the rather cynical remark that
States dollar transactions with Cuba. this announcement "may be politically
There Is no way to stop Cuba from (inane- helpful to the administration, but the
Ing subversive activities in South America, actual Impact of its latest steps is mini-
where controls over currency movements are mal," and that it is completely worthless
notoriously lax. Ever since trade relations insofar as bringing economic pressure
with the United States were broken off to bear on Cuba is concerned.
2 years ago. Cuba has conducted most of its Mr. HRUSKA. Similarly the adminis-
commercial transactions with the West in
Canadian dollars, Swiss francs and the Brit- tration's effort to enforce an order hav-
ish pound, which are fully convertible into ing to do with travel to and from Cuba
dollars. Presumably, they can be equally of agents trained there for subversion in
useful to Cuba's agents. other Latin American countries is of lit-
Nor will Castro be pinched by the freezing tle value.
of $20 million in deposits. These funds have Mr. MUNDT. That is correct.
been tied up in litigation with American Mr. HRUSKA. That order was dis-
companies whose assets in Cuba have been
expropriated, so that they could not be with- cussed by the Organization of Ameri-
drawn in any event. As for the Immobiliza- can States; but, although those discus-
tion of deposits held by individuals, it is sions were approved by the Council of
comparatively small change. the OAS, four major nations within that
The notion that Cuba is being subject to association abstained in that vote;
total economic isolation may be politically namely, Brazil, Haiti, Mexico, and Vene-
helpful to the administration. But the ac- zuela. So, for all
tual impact of Its latest steps Is minimal. though that practical purposes,
In fact, they give Castro ammunition on the move provides some
evils of dollar diplomacy for his agents to dow dressing and is the basis for a lot of
ot of
spread throughout South America. administration publicity to the effect
Mr, HRUSKA. Mr. President, will the that we are dealing adequately with
Senator from South Dakota yield? Cuba, even that resolution was a dis-
Mr. MUNDT. I am ha appoi MUNt.
happy to yield. Mr. . MUNDT. That is correct. Four
Mr. HRUSKA. I commend the Sena- nations abstained from voting; and one
tor from South bakota for his splendid nation voted against us-by casting a
discussion of U.S. policy-or the lack negative vote.
of it-toward the Cuban Government. Mr. HRUSKA. So this attitude in re-
It Is In keeping with the previous discus- gard to travel by the agents of subversion
sions in the Congress, which seems to and the guerrillas trained in Cuba and
be the only forum in the Government sent to the Latin American countries has
where this subject is being discussed and no real deterrent effect; and those move-
where constructive steps are being sug- ments continue unimpeded, as heretofore,
gested. These are helpful suggestions do they not?
which could well receive consideration Mr. MUNDT. Yes. In connection
from other quarters in the National with the Senator's statement, I call at-
Government, although apparently they tention to an Associated Press dispatch
are not. dated July 11, and published in the
In regard to the Instance cited by the Washington Post, under the heading
Senator from South Dakota-the im- "Red Agent Suspects Fan Out of Cuba."
poundment, a week ago today, of Cuban I shall read the first paragraph of the
funds-I ask if it is not true that there article, as follows:
are at least three points In regard to the The State Department reported yester-
so-called freezing of those funds which day that 15 to 20 persons described as "po-
render it virtually ineffective. tential subversive agents" flew from Cuba
First, $13 million of that $33 million to various Caribbean countries within the
was in private funds which were tied up last several weeks.
by litigation of American claimants The articl, relates how they, In turn,
against Cuban citizens or corporations. were conveyed from there to Latin Amer-
Therefore, the freeze order was without ican countries.
any effect whatsoever upon the $13 I ask unanimous consent that the en-
million. tire article be printed at this point in
Mr. MUNDT. Yes, I understand it was the RECORD,
freezing something which was already There bein
n
b
g
o a
jection, the article
frozen. was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
Mr. HRUSKA. Second, part of the $20 as follows:
million of the funds for the Castro gov- RED AGENT SUSPECTS FAN OUT OF CUBA
ernment Itself was to be used to finance The State Department reported yesterday
Cuba's United Nations activities in this that 15 to 20 persons described as "potential
country. When that was discovered, an subversive agents" flew from Cuba to various
order to unfreeze that particular portion Caribbean countries within the last several
of the funds was entered, thereby vitiat- weeks.
big the order considerably. It is well Press Oaicer Richard I. Phillips said the
known in banking circles that this order three Russian-made presumably mabCubans, were aboard
ade Ilyushin airliners that
might be a petty annoyance or disturb- landed at Grand Cayman Island, a British-
ance and may even have some small psy- owned Caribbean Island. He said they then
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 1963
Approved or Release 20ft06123 ' C~:!jTEKR, 383R000200240015-0 11887
transferred to non-Cuban commercial flights enough to think that we are making
for other points n the Caribbean, including progress by freezing $15 million, and
San Jose, Costa Rica. then hand him $53 million of new
He said the State Department had drawn wealth, new and usable merchandise in
that to the attention of the British. Gen- exchange for those prisoners-one of the
erally speaking, he said, Britain has joined
with the United'States in its policy of iso- most effective bits of international
lating.the Red Castro regime and not allow- blackmail in history?
ing such -flights. Mr. MUNDT. The Senator makes a
No response has yet been received from the sound observation. While all of us are
British Government, he added. pleased at any little token step whatso-
State Department authorities said that, ever against Castro, and agree it was
although Costa Rica has broken off diplo- perfectly proper for the administration
matic relations with the Havana regime and to have taken those steps, but to balloon
has joined in the American Republics' effort
to isolate Cuba, officials at the San Jose air- them up, to headline them, and to make
port apparently were taken by surprise at the a special announcement about them in
...,...
i
l
k home
----'
t-
p
e
ac
r
deco ve the
lowed their entry into Costa Rica in normal
fashion for airline passengers.
What other Caribbean points the pas-
sengers went to was not stated.
In Havana, meanwhile, Cuban news-
papers reported for the first time yesterday
that Washington had frozen Cuban assets. in
the United States and taken other measures
to clamp on a financial squeeze.
The newspaper El Mundo said,
"Of course this measure does not affect the
Cuban Government's available dollar reserves
for its dealings with other countries because
in these transactions American banks or
similar organizations are, not involved.
These reserves are not deposited in any of
them."
[In another development, the Soviet Union
ratified a loan agreement giving Cuba long-
term credit on favorable terms to "cover the
excess of Soviet goods deliveries over Cuban
deliveries to the U.S.S.R.," the United Press
reported from Moscow.
[A brief announcement Tuesday by Tass
said the Soviet credit "will strengthen the
Cuban economy, help the Cuban population
with consumer goods." Tass said the ar-
rangement was concluded last February, but
gave no further ttails.]
Mr. HRUSKA. I thank the Senator
from South Dakota.
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, I appre-
ciate the contributions the Senator from
Nebraska has made.
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, will
the Senator from South Dakota yield to
me?
Mr. MUNDT. Mr. President, I am
happy to yield to the distinguished Sena-
tor from Utah, who has made a great
study of this entire Cuban problem, and
heretofore has expressed himself. very
lucidly and effectively on it.
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, I
have been interested in this colloquy be-
tween the Senator from South Dakota
and the Senator from Nebraska.
It has developed that out of the $30
million, which presumably has been
frozen, probably only half of that
amount was in fact frozen. $13 million
was already frozen. An unnamed
amount was unfrozen-let us say half of
it, or $15 million.
Does the Senator from South Dakota
remember how much good American
merchandise we sent to Cuba as a ran-
som for the Bay of Pigs prisoners?
Mr. MUNDT. I do not carry the
amount in my mind, but it was much
larger than either the $1.5 million or the
$30 million.
Mr. BENNETT. My memory is that it
was approximately $53 million.
Mr. MUNDT. I believe it was in that
neighborhood.
Mr. BENNETT. Cannot Castro laugh
up his sleeve at us when we are stupid
into believing we are doing something
effective was too much for the New York
Times to stomach. For that reason the
editorial was written.
The whole program of the administra-
tion is at best a half-hearted and less
than a half way program. It is even
more half-hearted than I said it was in
my colloquy the other day with the Sen-
ator from Colorado [Mr. ALLOTT7, when
he was delivering his magnificent
address. At that time I declared that
we are telling a shipping company, in
effect, "All we require of you is that your
ships A, B, and C which trade with
Cuban ports, shall not enter our ports;
but you may bring into our ports any
other ships you operate."
Actually, we are saying, "Ships A, B,
and C may enter our ports and carry
cargo to Cuba so long as that cargo is not
financed by the U.S. Government."
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to have printed 'in the RECORD at
this point in my remarks the most recent
report of the Maritime Administration
listing free world, Yugoslav, and Polish
flag vessels arriving in Cuba since
January 1, 1963.
There being no objection, the report
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MARITIME
ADMINISTRATION REPORT No. 9
LIST OF FREE WORLD AND POLISH FLAG VESSELS
ARRIVING IN CUBA SINCE JANUARY 1, 1963
Section 1. Pursuant to the National_^,ecu-
rity Action Memorandum No. 220, dated
February 5, 1963, addressed to the Secretary
of State; the Secretary of Defense, the Secre-
tary of Agriculture, the Secretary of Com-
merce; the Administrator, Agency for Inter-
national Development, and the Administra-
tor, General Services Administration,' con-
cerning U.S. Government shipments by for-
eign-flag vessels in the Cuban trade, the
Maritime Administration is making avail-
able to the appropriate departments the fol-
lowing list of vessels which have arrived in
Cuba since January 1, 1963, based on infor-
mation received through May 31, 1963, ex-
clusive of those vessels that called at Cuba
on U.S. Government-approved noncommer-
cial voyages and those listed in section 2:
Flag of registry, name of ship
Gross
tonnage
Total-all flags (97) ships___ 807, 581
Flag of registry, name of ship-Continued
Gross
British-Continued tonnage.
Athelmonarch (tanker) ---------- 11,182
Athelsultan (tanker) ------------ .9,149
Avisfaith------------------------ 7,868
Chipbeel------------------------ 7,271
Fir Hill------------------------- 7,119
Haaelmoor_._____________________ 7,907
Ho Fung------------------------ 7, 121
Ivy Fair I----------------- - 7,201
Linkmoor----------------------- 8,236
London Confidence (tanker) ----- 21,699
LondQn Independence (tanker) --22,643
London.Majesty (tanker) --------- 12,132
London Pride (tanker) ---------- 10, 776
London Splendour, (tanker) ------ 1-6,195
London Victory (tanker)----_-_-- 12,132
Lord Gladstone__________________ 11,299
Maratha Enterprise_____________ 1,166
Overseas Explorer (tanker) -__-__- 16, 267
Overseas Pioneer (tanker) ------- 16,267
Pampas------------------------- 7,589
Shienfoon----------------------- 7,127
Tulse Hill -----------------------
Vercharmian--------------------
West Breeze l----------------- --
Yungfutary_____________________
Zela M 1-----------------------
7, 120
7, 265
8,718
5,388
7,237
Alderbaran (tanker) ------------ 12,897
Americana: ----------------------- - 7,104
Apollon------------------------- 9,744
Capetan Petros------------------ 7,291
.,Despoina'----------------------- 5,006
Embassy----------------------- 8,418
Galini--------------------------- 7,266
Gloria--------------------------- 7,128
Hydraios IIII------------------- 5,239
King Theseus------------------- 9,153
Kyra Hariklia--------------- ---- 6,888
Maria Santa-------------------- 7,217
Mastro-Stelios II________________ 7,282
North Empress__________________ 10,904
Pamit--------------------------- 3,929
Pantanassa______________________ 7,131
Penelope------------------------ 6,712
Perseus (tanker)________________ 15,852
Redestos------------------------ 5,911
Seirios-------------------------- 7,239
Sirius (tanker) _________________ 16,241
Stylianos N. Vlassopulos_-_____-_ 7,244
Western TraderI ________________ 9,268
Lebanese (14 ships)_______________ 96,633
Akamas------------------------- 7,285
Aiolos 11 ------------------------- 7,256
Carnation 1---------------------- 4,884
Giorgos Tsakiroglou_____________ 7,240
Ilena---------------------------- 5,925
Malou------- '----------------- 7,145
Mantric------------------------- 7,255
Mousse-------------------------- 6,984
Noelle--------------------------- 7,251
Nocrat --------------------------- 7,070
Olga---------------------------- 7,199
Parmarina----------------------- 6,721
Razanil------------------------- 7,253
St. Nicolas---------------------- 7,165
Achille-------------------------- 6,950
Annalisa1---------- ------------ 2,479
ArenellaI------------------------ 7,183
Cannareglo---------------------- 7,184
Linda Giovanna (tanker) -------- 9,985
Nazareno 1---------------- ------ 7, 173
San Nicola (tanker) ------------
12,461
Ardgem-------------------------
6,981
Ardmore------------------------
4,664
Norwegian (5 ships)_______________
45,595
Ardrowan-----------------------
7,300
Arlington Court_________________
9,662
Benny Viking__________________
3,857
Athelcrown (tanker) ------------
11, 149
Kongsgaard (tanker) ------------
19;999
Athelduke (tanker) _____________
9, 089
Athelmere (tanker) ______________
7,524
Footnote at end of table.
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 11888 Approved For Rt4tff&lLC65B0YPRR0200240015-0 July 15
Flag of registry, name of ship--Continued
Gross
Norwegian-Continued tonnage
Ole Bratt----------------------- 5,252
Polyclipper (tanker) ------------ 11,737
Tine---------------------------- 4.750
Polish (5 ships) ------------------ 80,274
Baltyk-------------------------- 8,963
Bialystok----------------------- 7.173
Bytom-------------------------- 5,967
Chopin `------------------------
Plast--------------------------- 3.184
Bar--------------- ------------- 7.233
Cavtat-------------------------- 7,286
Dugi Otok---------------------- 6.997
Trebisnpca-------- ------------- 7.146
Spanish (2 ships) ----------------- 4,585
Castillo Ampudia--------------- 3,666
Sierra Madre-------------------- 999
West German (1 ship) : Adolf Leon-
hardt' -------------------------- 7,006
Japanese (1 ship) : Meischun Maru__ 8.647
Moroccan (1 ship): Toubkal------- 8,748
Swedish (1 ship) : Dagmar--------- 6, 490
'Added to report No. 8 appearing in the
Federal Register, Issue of May 25. 1903.
SEC. 2. In accordance with the provisions
of National Security Action Memorandum
No. 220 of February 5. 1963, the following
vessels which called at Cuba after January 1,
1983 have reacquired eligibility to carry
United States Government-financed cargoes
from the United States by virtue of the per-
sons who control the vessels having given
satisfactory certification and assurance that
no ships under their control will, thence-
forth, be employed in the Cuba trade so long
as it remains the policy of the United States
Government to discourage such trade:
a. Since last report.
Gross
tonnage
Danish (1 ship) Nimmerland___-__-- 8,774
b. Previous reports.
Flag of Registry
Number
of ships
British------------------------------ 1
SEC. 3. The ships listed in Sections 1 and 2
have made the following number of trips to
Cuba in 1983, based on Information received
through May 31, 1963:
Nu
mber or t
rips
British (43) _-------
i Jan-
nary
5
Feb-
ruary
S
March
April
16
May
6
Greek (30) ----------
4
6
S
4
Lebanese (14) -------
a
3
Norwegian (7)__----
2
Italian (A)-----------
1
2
a
Yugoslav (4) --------
2
Spanish (2)-----_---
Danish (1) ----------
German (West) (I)--
Japanese (1)_---_----
Moroccan (1) -------
Swedish (1)---------
Total (113)__--
28
36
is
Polish (7)-----------
1
I
2
1
No7E.-Trip totals in this section exceed ship totals In
seq. 1 and 2 because some of the ships made more than 1
trip to Cuba.
DONALD W. ALEXANDER,
Maritime Administrator.
Mr. MUNDT. It is about time for
Senators and the country generally to
know specifically what we are talking
about in connection with the extensive
trade now being conducted with Cuba.
The reports list the names of the ships,
the tonnage, the dates, and the entire
factual material, so that the people will
realize that we are are practically
doing nothing whatsoever at the moment
even to make trade with Cuba difficult,
to say nothing about trying to make it
impossible.
Mr. CURTIS. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield to me briefly?
Mr. MUNDT. I am happy to yield to
the distinguished Senator from Nebraska.
Mr. CURTIS. I am happy that the
Senator is putting the entire table into
the RECORD, but I believe it would be
helpful at this time if he would mention
the totals Involved. My recollection of
the figures is that they are most astound-
ing. I shall have something to say about
the Senator's remarks later. But some
of the countries listed show a grand total
amount which is beyond one's belief.
Mr. MUNDT. The Senator is entirely
correct about the amounts. Actually I
have not added the total number of gross
tons. However, in the period covered by
the report there has been a total of 97
ships carrying a gross tonnage of 807,581
tons. The names of the ships are listed.
The countries are also listed. I am sure
that many Senators, when they read the
list of ships, will share with me disap-
pointlnent when they find that the
biggest offenders In this regard and the
biggest traffickers in blood money are our
good friends in the British Isles-Great
Britain.
Mr. President, this Indicates that the
administration's half-hearted measure
has had no visible effect. The number of
trips made by free world Ships to Cuba
actually was lower in January, 1 month
before the administration's order went
into effect, than in any month since then
through May.
So if the order did anything, it seemed
to encourage people to trade with Cuba
instead of to discourage them.
Other sources indicate that shipping
from some of our European allies to Cuba
may be even greater than U.S. Govern-
ment reports show. I call the attention
of Senators to a recent report issued by
"Revolutionary Unity," a Cuban organt-
sources of information from inside Cuba.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent to insert in the RECORD at this point
in my remarks a tabulation of free world
shipping with Cuba prepared by this or-
ganization, which also breaks It down by
months, countries, and by offenders.
There being no objection, the tabula-
tiori was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
Free world ships entering Cuban ports
-----
d
-
W
~
A
Z
F
United Kingdom ------
24
-
7
-
3
-
7
-
4
-
3
-
48
Lebanon---------------
22
0
0
1
4
0
27
Greece-----------------
14
5
3
5
3
35
Panama---------------
1
0
1
1
1
0
4
France-----------------
0
0
0
1
0
0
1
Sweden -------- -------
1
0
1
2
3
4
11
Italy-------------------
3
1
3
2
1
1
11
Morroco---------------
1
0
0
1
0
0
2
1)enmark--------------
-1
0
0
0
0
1
2
Norway---------------
3
1
2
0
4
0
10
Rolland----------------
0
0
1
0
1
1
3
3 ain------------------
T
k
0
2
0
0
1
0
3
ur
ey----------------
West Germany --------
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
3
0
2
1
5
1
Total------------
70
16
16
18
27
16
163
Mr. MUNDT. Regardless of source,
the available information suggests that
the measure announced last Friday is not
working effectively. In fact, I submit
that it is doubtful whether it is working
at all. Meanwhile, the volume of So-
viet-bloc shipping to Cuba seems to be
rising.
I ask unanimous consent, Mr. Presi-
dent, to insert in the RECORD at this point
in my remarks a brief statement made
in the House of Representatives on June
11 by the gentleman from Florida, Rep-
resentative ROGERS, dealing with this spe-
cific point.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
RUSSIANS INCREASE SHIPS TO CUBA
Source: CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, June 11,
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Chairman, I
have received Information from various U.S.
Government sources which shows that the
Russians have increased the number of ships
supplying Castro's island in recent weeks.
It may be too early to determine the sig-
lcance of this increase, but stepped up
shipping was an early sign of the Soviet
military buildup of Cuba last summer. I
strongly urge that U.S. surveillance of Cuba
be Intensified to insure that our intelligence
community can provide reliable and accu-
rate data for U.S. policymakers.
During the month of May, 37 Soviet ships,
along witti 9 Soviet-bloc ships, called in Cuba.
April shipping figures show 27 Soviet vessels,
along with 7 Soviet-bloc ships. Total Iron
Curtain shipping to Cuba for the first 6
months of 1983 numbers 165 ships, 52 of
which were tankers.
Detailed Russian shipping figures for 1963
are as follows:
Soviet-
flagships
Bloc-
Bloc-
flag ships
flag
January--.--
35
February----
34
March-------
32
- ------
April --------
may ---------
ey---------
37
However, the shocking fact is that one
out of every three ships supplying Castro's
island Is from the free world.
Since January 1963, 89 allied ships have
made trips to Cuba. and 20 of these vessels
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 1963 Approved EeJ-699AT6f&3CRDPfRp83R000200240015-0 11889
were tankers. This shipping would have
been considerably reduced if the U.S. Gov-
ernment had implemented my proposal to
close U.S. ports to nations which allow their
flags to be used in sea trade with Cuba.
However, such action is warranted particu-
larly now in view of this new development.
The British are the main offenders. Since
January of this.year there have been 33 Brit-
ish ships which have called in Cuba. The
British would think twice about shipping to
Castro if we banned the Queen Mary from
New York Harbor.
Mr. MUNDT. I also ask that the news
stories on this subject appearing in the
Baltimore Sun on June 21 and June 25,
this year, be printed in the RECORD at
this point.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Baltimore Sun, June 21, 1963]
CUBA TRADE RISE ALARMING TO UNITED STATES
WASHINGTON, June 20: Administration of-
ficials privately expressed concern today
about the increase in Western shipping to
Cuba.
This was learned as the Maritime Ad-
ministration released the names of 21 ships
added to the U.S. blacklist for trading with
Cuba.
Although the 21 compose the largest list
yet released by the Government agency since
the blacklist was put into effect as of Janu-
ary 1, additional vessels bound for Cuba were
noted in Lloyd's Shipping Index, which
records ship movements all over the world.
BRITISH SHIPS BLAMED
State Department and White House of-
ficials pinpointed British and Greek-owned
ships as playing a major role among the
vessels trading with the Communist domi-
nated island.
A high official remarked:
"The British and Greek Governments
could certainly do more than they are doing
about their ships going to Cuba. So far they
have done nothing."
Although the Greek Government has made
three major pronouncements since the
Cuban crisis last fall about its ships not
going to Cuba, a number of Greek-flag as
well as Greek-owned vessels, show up on
every list.
The newest group includes seven Greek
and five Lebanese ships, most of which are
owned by Greeks. Only 4 British ships were
in this count, bringing the British total up
to 37 ships making 47 trips since January
1.
Thirty Greek-flag ships have made 37 trips
and 19 Lebanese ships have made 19 trips.
The blacklist now contains the names of
118 Western and Polish ships making 132
trips since January 1, the arbitrary cutoff
date.
PLEDGE IS NEEDED
The vessels are not allowed to pick up U.S.
Government cargoes in U.S. ports as their
punishment for going to Cuba. However,
any owner can remove his vessel from the
blacklist by promising it will not call at
Cuba again.
Many American shipping executives and
maritime labor unions were cirtical when
the single restriction against Cuban-trading
ships was announced in February. They pre-
dicted then that it was not strong enough to
deter Western shipowners from diverting
their vessels from this trade which has be-
come more profitable in recent months.
The International Longshoremen's Asso-
ciation (AFL-CIO) takes more credit than
the Government for cutting off a large por-
tion of Cuban-trading ships by refusing to
work any cargoes on them or any ships of
any shipowner going to Cuba.
[From the Baltimo're Sun, June 25, 19631
MORE SHIPS GO TO CUBA
(By Helen Delich Bentley)
WASHINGTON, 'June 24.-Havana radio to-
day confirmed what administration officials
have been saying quietly with concern-that
free world shipping to Cuba is on the in-
crease.
The Communist radio broadcast quoted an
editorial of the Havana newspaper Hoy say-
ing, "Each new boat which is added to this
list is a defeat for the imperialists since it
signifies no more and no less than the ad-
dition of a boat and a company and a capi-
talistic country which has ignored the Yan-
kee threats, has disobeyed the orders, has
disregarded the persuasions, and the de-
mands." .
ADDITIONS TO BLACKLIST
Last Thursday the largest single group of
free world ships calling at Cuba was an-
nounced by the U.S. Government and added
to the blacklist.
That list now numbers 118 vessels which
are not privileged to transport U.S. Govern-
ment-financed cargoes out of U.S. ports.
They can pick up such cargoes in foreign
ports and carry them to another foreign
port.
The blacklist contains the names of those
ships which have called at Cuba since Jan-
uary 1.
PROOF OF STUPIDITY
"The fact that they already have had to
inscribe 118 boats on the blacklist is a proof
of the stupidity of this policy, of its weak-
ness, of its inevitable failure," Hoy said.
The number of vessels visiting Cuba has
been increased since Premier Fidel Castro
visited Russia, the newspaper stated.
"The world sees that the world balance of
forces and the unity of Cuba with the So-
cialist world augur the complete failure of
the U.S. policy aggression," it added.
Early last week, administration officials
had said in private circles that they were
disturbed by the rise in free world shipping
to Cuba.
NEW SUGAR CROP NOTED
They were inclined to attribute it to the
present sugar crop, for which the Commu-
nists are willing to pay premium freight rates
to get the crop moving.
U.S. shipping sources do not feel the single
restriction which the Government has im-
posed upon free world ships calling at Cuba
is sufficient to stop shipowners from use of
their vessels in that trade.
The Government. restriction covers only
the ship involved.
DOUBTED WHEN IMPOSED
When it was announced February 6, ret-
roactive to ships of January 1, there was
criticism in this country that it would not
do the job. But Government officials said
it would be sufficient, noting such trading
to Cuba had dropped sharply from October
when the initial warning was issued.
The International Longshoremen's Asso-
ciation (AFL-CIO) claims that Its own ban
against both ships and shipowners calling at
Cuba since November 8 has done more to cut
down the calls than the Government's re-'
striction.
An ILA spokesman said the union still re-
ceives two or three calls daily from ship char-
terers and brokers clearing a vessel before
it is chartered to a new operator.
Mr. MUNDT. Here, too, we get out of
the realm of generalities and speculation
and come down to the actual names of
the offenders, the names of the ships,
and the amounts of merchandise being
transported.
Why should the present measure work,
Mr. President? What incentive is there
for some of our allies to curtail their
trade with Cuba? Certainly none can
be found in U.S. policy on Cuba.
The fact of the matter is that the
United States has not demonstrated that
it really means business when it says
that Communist power in this hemi-
sphere is intolerable, non-negotiable, and
must be eliminated.
Cert.Wnly the Bay of Pigs debacle was
not such a demonstration. Surely, the
aftermath of the missile crisis of last
fall as well as the weeks preceding it
convinced nobody that we really regard
Cuba as an urgent threat to the security
of this hemisphere that must be dealt
with accordingly. And certainly diplo-
matic representations to our allies to
curtail their trade with Cuba are mean-
ingless in the face of this record and
alongside the puny measure I described
earlier.
Before we can expect other free. na-
tions to go along with our desire to in-
tensify the boycott of Castro's Cuba, we
must demonstrate that we really are seri-
ous and mean business.
Having displayed this intention clearly
for all the world to see, we can then go
to our allies in Europe and elsewhere
and lay it on the line: We can make it
clear that we will close U.S. ports to all
vessels of any country permitting trade
with Cuba-not just to those specific
vessels engaged in the trade. And we
can warn that unwillingness to heed our
requests will result in the suspension or
sharp curtailment -of U.S. Government
aid programs until a change of attitude
is manifested.
I realize, Mr. President, that these are
stringent measures not designed to en-
hance our popularity abroad, but strin-
gent measures may be required to com-
municate the seriousness of our intent
to. other nations and to achieve our ob-
jectives with respect to the Castro-Com-
munist threat in this hemisphere.
I do not claim original authorship of
the proposals I am making for intensify-
ing the economic boycott of Castro's
Cuba. I am sure others have discussed
them and advocated all or part of them
at different times. However, I first ad-
vocated these proposals shortly after the
President's ` speech of last October 22,
and I have reiterated them on frequent
occasions since. I think it is now time
to bring them formally to the attention
of the Senate and the administration as
I am; doing here today.
Let me repeat, Mr. President: Our
present economic sanctions against the
Castro regime are halfhearted, they
have had no visible effect, and conse-
quently more stringent measures are re-
quired. A number of constructive sug-
gestions for peaceful but positive actions
have been made on-the Senate floor these
past few weeks.
These measures effectively refute and
answer the oft repeated question asked
by the White House whenever it is urged
to face up to the growing perils of com-
munism in Cuba. The White House then
seeks to allay or divert criticism of its
"see no evil; hear no evil; speak no evil"
policy of vacillation by asking, "Well,
what do you propose-that we go to war
to free Cuba?"
Mr. President, that Yankee habit of
seeking to answer a question by merely
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asking another may have some merit
elsewhere but it has neither merit nor
validity in a discussion of our Cuban
policy or lack of Cuban policy.
Certainly nobody in the Senate has
remotely suggested that we go to war to
free Cuba, but a growing chorus of un-
happy Senators reflecting a growing
number of impatient and disillusioned
Americans, have suggested and are sug-
gesting constructive steps far short of
war which can hasten the downfall of
Castro and speed the day when Cuba
will again be liberated and administered
by freedom-loving Cubans.
It becomes increasingly clear day by
day, Mr. President, that to continue to
do nothing Is the most dangerous policy
of all. We can neither wish away the
problem of communism and Castroism
In Cuba nor close our eyes in the expec-
tation that when we open them the prob-
lem will have evaporated. Each passing
day that we ignore Its existence Increases
the dangers of its presence and the dif-
ficulties Involved in Its elimination.
Mr. President, the action program, the
positive policies which I propose and
strongly recommend here this afternoon
have a number of attractive and appeal-
Ing virtues. I enumerate some specifi-
cally:
First ,Nobody can successfully argue
that this program is an act of war. By
our sovereign right to control our own
trade, our own harbors, and our own
foreign aid programs we simply reenforce
our appeals to others that they join us In
helping us to help them to stay free and
to remain secure and at pence.
Second. To the degree that these eco-
nomic pressures are applied to Cuba-
and the degree of success and coopera-
tion that Is attained will depend upon
the vigor with which our administration
would implement this program-we shall
be undermining Castro-communism in
Cuba and weakening his capacity to do
injury elsewhere.
Third. By urging all members of the
Organization of American States and of
NATO, together with the governments
of free nations everywhere, to cooperate
in this voluntary but comparatively uni-
versal withholding of all commercial
transactions and all free shipping from
Cuba, we shall make her dependent for
outside aid upon the comparatively weak
and austere capacities of the Communist
countries to provide such assistance.
Cubans generally will then realize the
meager degree to which they can be
benefited by the Communist cohorts of
their own treacherous leader.
Fourth. By exercising the great pres-
tige of our American leadership potential
in winning free nations to the support
of this organized program of economic
pressures we shall gain experience with
our friends and allies in "working in
harness together" in the interests of the
mutual security and advancement of all
free peoples. From these experiences
In effective teamwork and cooperation
it would be hoped the same countries
under American leadership and inspira-
tion then might come to take other col-
lective and cooperative actions together
in the United Nations and elsewhere..
Nothing succeeds like success, and sue-
cessful experiences in working together
should lead to a continuation and expan-
sion of these experiences.
Fifth. Since it is too much to be
hoped that all free nations and their re-
spective Governments will cooperate in
such a program of economic pressures
and abstention from economic relations
with Cuba, a final and important divi-
dend for freedom would flow from an
American-inspired effort of this type.
We would, to put it colloquially, be
"dividing the men from the boys." We
would learn from our efforts exactly
which countries and which governments
really want to support collective security
and human freedom and which are
merely interested in procuring for them-
selves the maximum of American aid and
free world support in a selfish attempt
to aggrandize themselves, to keep them-
selves in power, and to practice a pro-
gram of "global panhandling" by which
they seek for themselves the largest pos-
sible handouts from both the Communist
camp and the free world. In fact, if this
effort did nothing else than to establish
for all to see and understand a star-
studded rollcall of the countries who
really mean business in the global effort
to preserve peace and freedom against
Godless, aggressive communism It would
produce a standout result well worth all
the effort devoted to It.
Mr. President, let me repeat that what
I propose requires nothing more than
political leadership and moral courage.
Specifically I propose four points:
First. Issue a Presidential statement-
today, If possible; tomorrow, if neces-
sary; but no later than this week-that
henceforth commerce in American ports
will be denied to the ships of any coun-
try which permits its merchant vessels to
engage in trade of any kind--except only
medical supplies-to Castro's Cuba.
Second. Present to the Organization of
American States and to our NATO allies
an official request that each of these
friendly countries adopt a similar policy
and that they, like we, abstain from ship-
ping to or buying supplies of any kind
from Castro's Cuba.
Third. That through appropriate dip-
lomatic channels we present the same
requests individually and separately to
every country outside the domination of
the Communists.
Fourth. That we announce as official
American policy the determination to
free the Western Hemisphere from Com-
munist-dominated governments inas-
much as this violates at least the spirit
and perhaps the letter of our hallowed
Monroe Doctrine, and that in our desire
to utilize all peaceful means at our con-
trol to attain this objective our foreign
aid and military assistance programs
henceforth must be tailored and adjusted
to provide maximum assistance to those
who are willing to aid us with our own
immediate problem of ridding the West-
ern Hemisphere of Castro's Communist
regime and any other Communist dicta-
tor who might succeed in grabbing power
by means other than those of free,
orderly, and honest elections.
Mr. President, In my opinion we need
go no further in announcing an Amerl-
can policy of determination and positive
action at this time. Perhaps we should
move more precipitately and perhaps we
should proceed with more direct ac-
tion-undoubtedly we should take addi-
tional steps-but it is my conviction that
a program developed along the general
lines of my proposal will achieve the de-
sired results and will, likewise, procure
for us some highly important and sig-
nificant collateral dividends and beine-
fits.
Certainly, we should do no less than
what I have today proposed. To do less
will be to continue to do nothing. Un-
less we have no faith in our own capacity
to lead; or unless we lack confidence in
our American ability to sell an idea,
which is basically sound and in the Inter-
est of freedom loving people everywhere;
or unless we are in some way committed
by agreements and exchanges of cor-
respondence the contents of which are
now unknown, to continue a program of
appeasing Castro and doing nothing to
help liberate Communist Cuba, I sug-,
gent this program as a bare minimum
of what is required to recapture our self-
respect, to recapture our posture of world
leadership, and to recapture the security
of the Western Hemisphere and perhaps
the world from the growing menace of
an unchecked Communist threat thumb-
ing its Red nose at the greatest and the
strongest power the- world has ever seen.
Today Castro's associates in the drive
to communize Latin America and to im-
peril freedom In the Western Hemisphere
have succeeded in creating trouble which
is breaking out all over. We witness It
today in British Guiana. A few days ago
it was in Venezuela. Tomorrow we may
expect to see it evidenced in other places
creating new provocations and dangers.
Each news dispatch from Haiti is fear-
fully scanned lest it reveal that the Com-
munists from Cuba and their Russian
masters have established themselves in
that unhappy country, whose dictator
flouts the authority of all his neighbors
and maintains himself illegally in power
by military right.
I invite the attention of Senators and
others who read the CONGRESSIONAL REC-
ORD to a most significant full length arti-
cle which appeared in the June 29-July
6 Issue of the Saturday Evening Post. I
quote from page 20 of an article en-
titled "How the Communists Plan To
Win Latin America." It is written by
Richard Armstrong. I suggest that those
who have available the issue of the Sat-
urday Evening Post to which I have al-
luded, for June 29-July 6, turn to page
20 and read the article in full. I quote
one significant statement:
Why has Latin America, so long Ignored,
become so important a battlefield in the
cold -war?
The most immediate reason, of course, is
Cuba. "The Communists were amazed
there", said a former Party member. "They
had always assumed that you meant what
you said and implied-in the Monroe Doc-
trine, in the Rio treaty of 1947, and in the
Caracas treaty of 1954-that you would not
permit an alien dictatorship in the Western
Hemisphere. Then came Cuba?"
A prominent U.S. diplomat adds, "The
Communists have been working in Latin
America for 40 years, but they were always
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sabotaged by a certain lethargy, an inner
disbelief in success. Cuba says every day
that it can happen here. Encouraged by
this success, the Communists have launched
their first really comprehensive campaign to
capture Latin America. Their spirits and
their hopes are high.
While we spend billions of dollars
abroad to oppose communism and while
Americans are dying in far off Asia to
support the cause of freedom, we `sit in
chains and do nothing to protect our
home base through moving to reduce
the power and repel the programs of
communism in Cuba, which is indeed
the Achilles heel in our entire program
of national defense and world coopera-
tion.
Let us delay no longer in demonstrat-
ing the leadership expected of America.
Let us evolve a pattern of action against
this Communist cancer on our dorstep
which will match our brave words about
communism elsewhere and which will
give meaning - and significance to our
pretty phrases about the protection and
the promotion of freedom throughout the
world.
Mr. ALLOTT. Mr. President, will the
Senator yield?
Mr. MUNDT. I am most happy to
yield to the distinguished Senator from
Colorado, who has made so many con-
structive suggestions in this field and
who has devoted so much careful study
to this growing problem.
Mr. ALLOTT. I am extremely inter-
ested in the overall approach that the
distinguished Senator from South Da-
kota has made to this problem. Again
and again he has pointed out facts which
almost every American knows-what is
going on in Venezuela, what is going on
in other Latin American countries, and
what is going on within Cuba. He has
also pointed out-and this is a significant
contribution-that there are many ways
by which we could stop or throw a block
into the development of communism out
of Cuba and into Latin America-not
only the blockade idea, or closing our
ports. He has suggested that we might
use our mutual aid for this purpose. I
am glad to hear him bring that sugges-
tion up, because I have long felt that aid
to other countries should not be a gra-
tuity that we throw around like a drunk-
en man throws money around on Satur-
day night, but, rather, that our mutual
aid should be utilized for one purpose
only, and that is for strengthening and
bolstering the international foreign pol-
icies of this Government.
We know what is going on. In the
few weeks since I made my proposal on
the floor of the Senate, on June 17-a
proposal, incidentally, which was not re-
ported in one of the local newspapers,
and which received only a brief notice in
another, and then was withdrawn after
the first edition-hundreds of letters
have come into my office, and they con-
tinue to come in an ever increasing and
strengthening volume, from South
America, saying, "When is America go-
ing to wake up and do something about
the situation in Europe?"
The point the Senator has made is
one of the strongest that can be made.
How can we expect those who want free
government in other Latin American
countries to have their hand supported
when we are absolutely ineffective in
doing anything with Cuba? The fact is
that every day we permit Cuba to exist
as she does-and the Senator has pointed
this out so well-we provide moral sup-
port to the Communist activities In
South America.
Mr. MUNDT. Yes; and we discourage
our Latin American friends who might
like to join us in a strong effort against
communism, and particularly against
communism in Cuba. We discourage
them by our inertia.
Mr. ALLQTT. I intend to speak in
greater detail on one of the points the
Senator has made, as a result of some
of the thoughts the distinguished Sen-
ator from South Dakota has provoked.
It Is time for Americans to shake their
heads and say, "What did Khrushchev
want in Cuba?"
It is almost 9 months after the 22d of
October, 1962. if any person in this
world Intended to establish a Commu-
nist base in Cuba for the subversion of
Latin America, the one thing he would
want would be manpower. Whether or
not the Communists had large missiles
in Cuba, I do not know. Two or three
years ago, in 1960, we heard about the
missile gap as between the United States
and the Soviets. The United States was
supposed to be hopelessly inferior. If
that was the case, the administration
told us, or at least the one who became
the head in this country told us, that
Russia had all the missiles she needed
to destroy America.
Then we were told that the Soviets
were putting missiles into Cuba. What
purpose would that serve? The answer
is, no purpose. Perhaps the whole mis-
sile story was a red herring. Perhaps
they put blank cylindrical tubes on con-
crete platforms, to look like missile
weapons. Whether or not they were real
did not matter. The fact is that the big-
gest red herring was drawn across our
path, and we followed it. When it was
over, Khrushchev had at least 17,000
men there in October 1962. Therefore,
while we were concerned with what we
thought were missiles, he had-established
an entrenched Communist dictatorship
government-not a Cuban Communist
government, but a Russian Communist
government In Cuba, which is one of
the worst kinds of government that could
be found anywhere in the world today-
and that includes Hungary, Bulgaria,
Romania, Poland, and the rest of them.
Mr. MUNDT. And he exacted from
our President a promise that he would
not promote, and perhaps not permit, an
attack against Communist Cuba.
Mr. ALLOTT. That is correct. That
is where I think the red herring was.
While he was doing that he was doing
the things he always wanted to do, and
it was necessary for the administration
to take this step. That was the Commu-
nist red herring; and we completely lost
our way.
I thank the Senator for his very great
contribution. I hope we shall continue
to discuss the subject, and I hope he will
continue his contribution, because it will
help in forcing a definite policy toward
Cuba which will help kill communism in
Latin America.
Mr. MUNDT. I appreciate what the
Senator has said. We hear indirectly
about secret correspondence, which we
read about in the newspapers, including
a letter a week being exchanged between
President Kennedy and Mr. Khrushchev.
I am afraid this is a sort of put-and-take
correspondence, whereby President Ken-
nedy puts and Mr. Khrushchev takes, so
far as Cuba is concerned, because there
has surely not been an inch of progress
from our standpoint, in the strengthen-
ing of our position in Cuba, since the
letters began. I hope the President will
soon take America into his confidence
and let us know what this correspondence
is about, and whether we are getting any
quid pro quo in any concessions that may
be involved in the letters.
Mr. President, I thank the distin-
guished Senator from South Dakota for
his speech today. The assembling of the
material he used took a great deal of
time and effort. The results are star-
tling with respect to what is happening
in the buildup and in the growth of the
Communist camp on our doorstep in
Cuba.
As one humble American citizen, I am
deeply indebted to the distinguished Sen-
ator from South Dakota, to the Senator
from Utah [Mr. BENNETTI, to the Senator
from Kentucky [Mr. MORTON], and to
the Senator from Colorado [Mr. ALLOTT]
for their remarks and their contributions
with regard to the Cuban situation.
These distinguished Members of the
Senate have probed the subject. They
have made suggestions. They have done
what should be done by our entire Gov-
ernment.
I am greatly alarmed about our coun-
try. I fear that the Republic we love,
the Republic with prestige and power
and opportunity and tranquility, is being
eroded while the heads of our Govern-
ment are chasing rainbows on foreign
continents and making proposals In this
country to buy the people's votes, and
while other things upon which our perm-
anent status and development depend
are being neglected. I refer to our fight
against communism, and I refer to the
great necessity of preventing the finan-
cial collapse of our country.
The Cuban problem cannot be swept
under the rug. The Cuban problem
cannot be solved by bringing out the
flag and using it as a political instru-
ment biennially just before election time.
Mr. MUNDT., In other words, the
Senator does not believe that it can be
deferred until October 1964?
Mr. CURTIS. ' No.
Mr. MUNDT. I agree with the
Senator.
Mr. CURTIS. It cannot. The-whole
free world was heartened by what ap-
peared to be the start of positive action
in October, 1962. It united the country.
It united our allies. It united the free-
dom-loving people of the Western Hem-
isphere. it united the voters of the
country.
Mr. MUNDT. And it united the two
parties.
Mr. CURTIS. Yes.
Mr. - MUNDT. I do not know of one
Republican Representative or Senator
who was against it. We all joined as
Americans in an attempt to do some-
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thing. We were all disillusioned shortly
after the election, when nothing was
done, except to retreat.
Mr. CURTIS. This great problem, in-
volving human liberty, involving lives,
involving people who are living in slav-
ery, and involving the security of this
country, cannot be brushed aside or held
back as a "gimmick," to be used politi-
cally in October, 1964. I hope the dis-
tinguished Senator from South Dakota
and other Senators whom I have men-
tioned, and many other Senators, will
speak again and again on this subject.
After all, in the last analysis, the people
will determine this question. It has
been my observation that on most
crucial issues the peopleare=far ahead of
Washington. The Senator has given all
of us documented facts. I hope it will be
but the beginning of his efforts along
this line.
We are not suggesting that any par-
ticular individual's idea be adopted
without question. We are suggesting
that nothing be done which threatens to
make us a fourth rate nation, but that
every fact be utilized and pursued in the
way it should be utilized and pursued. I
again congratulate the distinguished
Senator from South Dakota.
Mr. MUNDT. I deeply appreciate the
expression of my distinguished colleague
from Nebraska. I realize the great
amount of work and study he has de-
voted to this subject and his own fine
contribution to the discussion of this
subject. We do not dare delay making
badly needed decisions on Cuba. After
several weeks of study of this subject,
with specific facts concerning the eco-
nomic situation, and the list of ships that
were serving Cuba providing grist for the
mills, so that we could bring into focus
some plans and programs, I have pur-
posely reduced all these to what I con-
sider to be the bare minimal effort to
start something effective operating
against Cuba without a chance of war,
or the breaking of any international
treaty, but merely by exercising our pre-
rogative as a sovereign Nation to con-
trol our own ships and our own aid pro-
gram, and to try to flex the muscles of
American leadership; and also to dis-
cover where we have friends, who they
are, who will stand up, who will crawl
away, and who stands like a great Shy-
lock, trying to pluck as many shekels as
he can, both from the Communists and
from the United States.
It is about time to get some sense and
rationale into our American foreign
policy. A good place to start is 90 miles
away with communism in Cuba.
Mr. BENNETT. Mr. President, will
the Senator yield?
Mr. MUNDT. I yield.
Mr. BENNETT. The Senator from
Utah has been Gitting here, listening to
what the Senator from South Dakota
has had to say, and to the comments
which have been made by several of our
colleagues in the Senate. There have
come back into my mind some lines
written by the English poet Pope. I am
wondering if we are not beginning to
prove, in our relationship with Cuba,
what Pope said. He was talking about
vice, but what he said is true of any
other evil thing. He said.,
Vic is a monster of so frightful mien,
As to be hated needs but to be seen;
Yet seen too oft, familiar with her face,
We first endure, then pity, then embrace.
The longer we wait before we do any-
thing about Cuba, the more American
people there will be who will say, "Oh
well, we have gotten along all these years
and have not had any trouble. Perhaps
we had better accept the situation and
go on from there."
I am a little afraid that this is already
happening. Articles dealing with Cuba
are disappearing from the front pages of
our newspapers. We have many more
problems to consider, and these have
pushed Cuba from the front pages of the
newspapers. We are In danger of for-
getting the Cuban problem.
When we raise It, as the Senator has
raised It today, we are told by the ad-
ministration. "Do not bother about It.
The proposals you make are not prac-
tical. We are aware of the problem,"
However, every week and every month
that goes by customs are preparing us
to assume that Cuba Is going to be Com-
munist forever.
We lapse into a kind of apathy. We
say that this is the status quo. It be-
comes more and more difficult to de-
velop either a program or the strength
to support it. I am very much afraid
that If the American people do not nudge
A he administration soon into beginning
the necessary steps of action, we shall
reach the point of pity and then em-
brace. We will say. "This is the way it
has been done for so long; it is now the
pattern of the future."
Mr. MUNDT, The Senator from
Utah has made a most Interesting ob-
servation, I hope not a prophetic one,
but certainly within the realm of pos-
sibility. Even though Americans, firmly
imbedded as we are In freedom may
never embrace voluntarily a situation
such as exists in Cuba, there is cer-
tainly grave danger that the rest of
the world may, as Illustrated by the vote
the other day, when there were four
abstentions and one adverse vote on a
vote from Latin American republics on a
perfectly puerile, innocuous, inconse-
quential resolution. I suspect that one
reason why we lost was that any rational
roan could say, "Why do this? Why an-
tagonize Castro on this. point? Why
slap him In the face? This is a com-
pletely Ineffective procedure."
The leaders of the Latin American
Republics are conversant with the teach-
ing that one never strikes the king until
he can kill him. The leaders of Latin
American Republics do not want to
scratch Castro's face. But I am con-
fident that they would join us In any
forward-moving program, such as the
first step, so that they could employ it
effectively against communism.
I think there Is a possibility that the
longer this situation drags out the more
it will be subject to suspicion. The peo-
ple will begin to suspect that nothing
serious will happen. Then once more,
just 15 minutes before it is too late, we
will try to unite them in a great program.
But our timing next time may be wrong,
and it may be 15 minutes after it is too
late. The time to act is now, when we
have earned the confidence and respect
of the world.
Mr. DOMINICK. Mr. President, will
the Senator from South Dakota yield?
Mr. MUNDT. I yield to the distin-
guished Senator from Colorado.
Mr. DOMINICK. I wish to add my
voice of commendation of the remarks
of the Senator from South Dakota. It
seems to me that this is the most im-
portant immediate step we could take.
But I know some of the problems which
will be encountered.
In June 1961, Representative ROGERS
of Florida and I introduced identical
measures In the House, designed to cut
off all trade between the United States
and Communist Cuba. The interesting
thing was that when hearings were held
before the committee, representatives of
the State Department appeared in Au-
gust 1961, and testified in opposition to
the bills. In any event, we were able
to have a bill reported by the commit-
tee and passed by the House. But it
never got anywhere in the Senate.
It was not until February 1962, that
the administration finally took action
under the Trading With the Enemy Act
in order to cut off trade between the
United States and Cuba, but months too
late to be able to do any real good.
So the Senator will encounter prob-
lems in trying to secure any positive ac-
tion which is not initiated under execu-
tive responsibility solely and completely.
Second, I have been interested in and
have been advocating for a long time a
NATO conference under section 2 of the
NATQ Agreement, so that we could have
an agreed treaty policy among the NATO
nations with respect to trading with
Communist countries. One of the things
that concerns me is the evidence, which
was shown so clearly in the Senator's
speech, of the number of British ships
which are trading with Cuba. There is
no doubt that more British ships are
trading with Cuba than ships of any
other country. The other day I placed
in the RECORD, In connection with an-
other discussion on Cuba, the fact that
the British have had an imbalance of
trade of 98 million pounds with Soviet
bloc countries in the past year. That
is a large sum of money. It provides
the Soviet bloc countries with the neces-
sary sterling and dollar exchanges to en-
able them to proceed with Communist
infiltration throughout the world.
It seems to me that we are doing
exactly the same thing in permitting
trade to continue with Cuba, a country
only 90 miles away from our shore.
The Senator's statement that we can
refuse our foreign aid and can prohibit
the use of our ports to countries which
are trading with Cuba is the first posi-
tive suggestion I have heard to bring
home the reality of the problem to many
countries which are solidly on our side
in the overall effort to combat commu-
nism.
Mr. MUNDT. I deeply appreciate the
historic documentation concerning the
difficulties which confront Senators and
Congressmen who are trying to pursue
a minimum program of action against
Cuba. I am quite certaip that any sug-
gestion from any source that promises to
accomplish anything against Castroism
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tinction of being the first recipient of power
marketed by BPA. You are still reaping the
benefits of that decision a quarter of a cen-
tury ago. Today, residential use of electricity
in Cascade Locks is three times the national
average and yet you pay only one-third as
much as the national average for each kilo-
watt-hour.
What happened in Cascade Locks on July
0, 1938, was the beginning of a chain of
events which reshaped the social and eco-
nomic structure of the Pacific Northwest.
When Cascade Locks received its first power
from Bonneville Dam, only about 30 percent
of Oregon's farms were electrified; today 99
percent have electricity.
The year before BPA power came to Cas-
cade Locks, homeowners in Siletz, Oreg.,
paid $51.60 a month for 500 kilowatts of elec-
tricity. Twenty-five years later, Siletz resi-
dents could get the same amount of power
for $8.
In 1938 the economy of our State was al-
most entirely dependent on lumbering,
farming, mining, and fishing. There was
little industry. SPA power brought Oregon
six electro-process industries with a plant
investment in excess of $190 million, esti-
mated payrolls of $12,500,000 and 6,600 new
jobs. Low-cost power from Bonneville nur-
tured the unprecedented expansion of our
quick frozen food industry and electrified our
sawmills, paper and plywood plants, and
wood fabrication facilities which are one of
Oregon's major sources of employment.
Here in Cascade Locks, City Light furnishes
the power for the all-electric operation of
one of the largest independent lumber mills
in the Northwest, and I am advised City
Light can accommodate almost any new in-
dustry with the same low-cost power at
very little added investment.
Bonneville itself is a principal industry
in Oregon with 1,000 employees, an annual
payroll of nearly $8 million, and an invest-
ment of $186 million in power transmission
equipment.
The Bonneville Power Administration did
not introduce electricity to the Northwest.
We had power before BPA. But it was ex-
pensive for all, prohibitively costly to many,
and completely unavailable to some. What
-Bonneville brought to the Northwest was
low-cost electricity distributed regionwide at
a postage stamp rate-a rate which has re-
mained unchanged for more than 25 years.
How did it do it? With 20 operating or
authorized Federal multiple purpose water
projects, 8,600 miles of Federal transmission
line, an antimonopoly preference clause
that give priority in sales to public agencies
and co-ops, and a policy of making an
abundance of cheap power available in even
the most remote reaches of the Northwest.
It accomplished this feat in the face of
the bitterrest opposition from one to today's
major beneficiaries-the Northwest's private
power companies, who buy large quantities
of BPA power and pay less for it than pub-
lic agencies and co-ops.
Today, the` limitation of its marketing area
has put the Bonneville Power Administration
into a financial problem. In the last 5
years, BPA has experienced deficits which
have reduced its surplus by $60 million. Al-
though Bonneville is still ahead of the game,
unless other solutions are successfully ap-
plied, it will be necessary to raise BPA rates
to cover scheduled repayments.
During the same period that Bonneville's
financial "cushion" decreased by $60 million,
some $126 million worth of power went un-
sold-water wasted over the spillway. If a
market had been found for only half this
surplus secondary power, which is avaliable
on a nonfirm basis, there would have been
no deficit.
A major electrical interconnection between
the Northwest and California and the South-
in Cuba will meet with resistance, at
least until the letter-writing campaign
between the K-Boys is terminated and
we can find out what it is all about.
Representative ROGERS of Florida, who
joined in that grand effort, with the
Senator from Colorado when the'Senator
was a Member of the other body, is a
distinguished Member of the House.
The people of Florida are the direct suf-
ferers from some of the difficulties which
arise from the establishment of com-
munism in Cuba. I credit Representa-
tive ROGERS with being one of the few
administration followers who have had
the courage to stand up and speak out
against the craven do-nothing policy
program toward Cuba.
I feel certain that we shall meet with
further resistance; but I am sure that
the kind of resistance we shall meet with
can no longer hide behind the language
screen which says, "What are we to do?-
go to war against Cuba?"
The program I have recommended to-
day is something which even the most
imaginative writer in the White House
cannot describe as au act of war. We
could put together all the Sorensons, all
the Schlesingers, all the Harvard men,
and ask, "How are you going to describe
as an act of war an American trade and
aid policy operated under our authority
as a sovereign nation?"
So the Administration ought to con-
sider the question: "Are you serious
about communism when it is close to
our shores? Or are you serious only
about communism in Vietnam or Laos,
7,000 miles away?"
Unless the administration completely
lacks confidence in its own ability to
lead, I challenge it now to take the in-
itiative in. doing those things which are
ADDRESS BY SENATOR WAYNE MORSE ON THE
25TH ANNIVERSARY OF CITY LIGHT, CASCADE
Locks, OREG., JULY 13, 1963
Mayor Miles, Judge Teunis Wyers, Bonne-
ville Administrator Charles Luce, other dis-
tinguished guests and fellow Oregonians, it
is a privilege and an appreciated compliment
to be invited to deliver the principal address
at this anniversary banquet. It was 25 years
ago that Cascade Locks bought the first
block of power sold by the Bonneville Ad-
ministration. It was a historical event of
great economic importance to Oregon, the
Pacific Northwest and the entire Nation.
It is particularly fitting that the Hon-
orable Charles Luce, the present Adminis-
trator of the Bonneville Administration
should be one of our honored guests tonight.
The Nation has been very fortunate in the
appointment of Administrators of the Bonne-
ville Administration ever since the passage
of the Bonneville Act. However, we are par-
ticularly fortunate to have Charles Luce
as the Administrator at this time when we
see arising on the economic horizons new
threatening storm clouds that may develop
into a deluge of controversy over public
versus private power policies.
I am confident that under Charles Luce's
leadership the sunshine of reason will dis-
sipate the gathering clouds of controversy.
It is in the vital economic interest of all the
people of our section of the country, includ.
ing members of economic groups such as the
stockholders of private utilities and their
customers as well as members and customers
of public preference groups, that gather-
ing differences be resolved in a manner that
will advance the legitimate joint economic
interests of all.
However, now is the time to face up to
these issues and try to settle them before ad-
vocates take irretraceable positions in respect
to them. Charles Luce is particularly well
qualified to help resolve any differences that
may arise. His judicial temperament, his
dedication to the public interest, his insist-
ence upon fair play to the private utilities,
the public utilities districts, the electric
r consumer and the general public assure
powe
of war, which can be done to start
of
short the beginning of he end of Communist to an yingsout of ttes urpos p a essential
to a carryng out of the purposes and objec-
Castroism in Cub 9i R tives of the Bonneville Act.
ADDRESS BY SENATOR MORSE ON
25TH ANNIVERSARY OF CITY
LIGHT, CASCADE LOCKS, OREG.
Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, when I
was in Oregon over the weekend, I made
a major policy speech to the people of
my State, setting forth my views with
respect to the sum of the electric power
problems that confront the Pacific
Northwest. I spoke with respect to such
issues as intertie connection legislation
and the Canadian Treaty negotiations.
I made this speech at a banquet at Cas-
cade Locks, Oreg. The banquet was
in celebration of the 25th anniversary of
the purchase by the city of a block of
power from the Bonneville Administra-
tion. The city of Cascade Locks was the
first of our municipalities to purchase
However, it is very important that we have'
open public discussion of these powerlines
because they involve the economic business
of all the people. Therefore I propose in this
major policy speech tonight to deal with a
few of the facts of our electric power prob-
lems and needs in the Pacific Northwest to
call upon the many friends, supporters and
beneficiaries of the Bonneville Act to rededi-
cate themselves to its purposes and sound
objectives. I would have this audience never
forget that the Bonneville Act has been the
most important stimulant in the develop-
ment of private enterprise business and the
expansion of our private economy in the
Pacific Northwest that we have experienced
within our economy during the past 25 years.
Businessman after businessman, operating
his business within the economic environ-
ment of any one of,Federal multipurpose
dams in our section of the Nation, are the
best possible witnesses in support of the pub-
lic policy soundness of the Bonneville Act.
These businessmen tell us that they never
a block of power and to establish a mu- would have located their businesses where
nicipal public power administration they did if it had not been for the low-rate
making use of the power generated by electric power that the Bonneville Act in its
the Bonneville Power Administration. administration has brought to Oregon and
our neighboring
I ask unanimous consent that the ad- States.
dress I delivered at the Cascade Locks Thus it is a pleasure to be in Cascade
anniversary dinner on Saturday night Locks again. Your town has many features
which make it a notable municipality. I
be printed at this point in the RECORD. came to speak about one of them: your role
There being no objection, the address in initiation of the activities of the Bonne-
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, ville Power Administration.
as follows: City Light in Cascade Locks has the die-
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west could be the means of marketing this
power. An intertie would also permit sale
of peaking capacity, allow firming up of sub-
stantial quantities of secondary power for
use in the Northwest. and provide a means
of taking advantage of diversity In peak loads
between the two regions.
BPA has proposed two ties, one a 750-kilo-
volt direct current line to Hoover Dam In
Nevada or Los Angeles, Calif., and the other
a 500-kilovolt alternating current line ex-
tending to the Oregon-California border
where it would link with facilities of the
Pacific Gas & Electric Co.
Average annual net revenues to Bonne-
ville in the first 10 years alone would be
$24.6 million, and large additional benefits
thereafter. Net benefits for the Northwest--
including the non-Federal utilities of the
region-are estimated to range up to $872
million over the next 50 years.
This Is an extremely lucrative proposal.
These lines would pay for themselves in less
than a decade. Benefit-cost ratio Is about
3.5 to 1-a better economic justification than
most recent hydroelectric projects In the
Northwest. Because of the profitmaking po-
tential of such an Interconnection, seven
non-Federal proposals to accomplish all or
part of the job have been submitted to Bon-
neville. However, none can show equal bene-
fits.
California private power companies are
seeking to take over this Interconnection
plan. The Pacific Gas & Electric Co. of Call-
fornia, which has absorbed 620 other firms
to make It the biggest privately owned utility
in the country, wants to control the now of
power between the Pacific Northwest and
California. Southern California Edison Co.
seeks to substitute a line from its service
area to Phoenix, Ariz., for the Federal direct
current line through Nevada. The California
companies suggest that they become the sole
channel for distribution of Northwest power
In California. Under their plan, all BPA sur-
plus power which Is exported for sale outside
the region would be sold to Pacific Gas &
Electric. Other potential customers could
gain access to this power only on terms and
conditions laid down by Pacific Gas &
Electric.
Last month the president of the Puget
Sound Power & Light Company declared
that "whoever controls transmission lines
these days controls the works." The Cali-
fornia companies would obtain control under
their proposal.
This is no new attitude on the part of
private power companies. These private
utilities fought Bonneville Dam and Grand
Coulee. They opposed expansion of the BPA
grid. They fought a high dam at Hells
Canyon. They worked against the Hanford
project.
These private utilities are obligated pri-
marily to their stockholders and therefore
they naturally are concerned about making
good profits. There is nothing wrong In
that from their standpoint. Since 1850 pub-
lic and co-op systems in the Northwest have
made rate reductions of $30 million while
private utilities of this region have Increased
rates by $25 million.
Low cost power is a key to the Northwest's
economic growth. We are thousands of
miles from major markets. Insulated from
major centers of commerce by high freight
rates. Our economy remains resource ori-
ented, strongly sensitive to dips In the busi-
ness cycle and seasonal unemployment. Low
cost power has helped bring us Industry and
stable payrolls. Low cost power permits us
to compete with other sections of the coun-
try. It Is an equalizer which compensates
for our isolated location. I f BPA power rates
go up, chances of attracting new industry-
or even retaining full operation of existing
plants-are proportionally decreased.
BPA's $520 million transmission grid con-
stitutes about 80 percent of all the high-
voltage lines in the Pacific Northwest. Bon-
neville provides 60 percent of all our power.
An Increase in rates will have widespread
impact on our State and region.
Somebody is going to build an intercon-
nection between the Northwest and South-
west. It Is too good a deal to pass up. Any
Intertle can help Bonneville's financial pic-
ture. But a Federal Interconnection is the
beet bet for keeping our power rates down.
The Federal Government should build the
needed tie lines. The Bonneville Act of 1037
directs the BPA to interconnect with other
Federal systems and publicly owned power
projects. Substantial economies are possible
by ]inking such systems as the Central Valley
project in northern California, the Hoover-
Parker-Davis dams and the Colorado River
St-orage project in the Southwest. Local
public power groups, rural electric coopera-
tives and State agencies also stand to benefit.
The administration has asked for funds in
the current appropriation bill to build to
the Oregon-California border. What logic
dictates that a Federal line must terminate
at this point for the benefit of private
parties? Some 75 percent of the surplus
power available for export In the Northwest
is at Federal dams. Why should EPA de-
pend on private power companies for its
marketing arrangements? Federal lines
would be common carriers, available at cost
to all-Including private power companies.
Why should a private monopoly be sub-
stituted?
Implementation of the treaty with Canada
for cooperative development of the upper
Columbia River will result in the equivalent
of another Grand Coulee Dam for the North-
west, but conclusion of this arrangement
swings on the ability of Canada to market
its share of treaty power in the Southwest
via an intertie. Are negotiations between
the United States and Canada to be subject
to the veto of a private power company?
Any intertie requires as a prelude passage
of legislation to prohibit the drain of Federal
power out of the Northwest to the detri-
ment of the needs of our region. We have
passed such a bill In the Senate, and it is
pending in the House of Representatives. An
amendment has been added there, requiring
enactmentof new authorizing legislation be-
fore the 750-kilovolt line may be built di-
rectly from the Columbia River to the south-
ern California market. If the private
utilities amendment remains part of the
preference measure, the bill itself will cer-
tainly be vetoed.
But our concern with the progress of this
measure should not blind us to the reason
for its existence-the desirability of an Inter-
tie to better EPA's fiscal situation. Our aim
is not to build a Chinese Wall around the
Northwest but to facilitate sale of surplus
to protect our supply of low cost power.
In a recent speech on the floor of the
Senate I reminded the Federal Power Com-
mission of Its independent jurladiction-
indeed its obligation-to decide the question
of the authority of the Washington Public
Power Supply System to go outside the
State of Walihington to construct a dam on
the Middle Snake in Oregon and Idaho,
notwithstanding a decision by the Oregon
Federal District Court that Washington Pub-
Ile Power Supply System lacks such author-
ity under Washington State law. Editorial-
izing about that speech, the Oregonian
said: "Senator MoRse's position appears to
be founded on Ideological grounds rather
than legal grounds." This, apparently be-
cause I also reminded FPC of Its mandate
to provide for maximum development In the
public interest of the publicly owned rivers
of this country.
Where the only resource concerned or
affected is power generation at a low-head
site, there is every reason for dams to be
those of private utilities. I have always sup-
ported their construction of low-head clams
at such sites.
July 15
But where there Is the prospect for a
multi-purpose project, that is another
matter.
The editors of the Oregonian know just
as well as I do that the private power com-
panies which comprise Pacific Northwest
Power Company are not proposing maxi-
mum development of the Middle Snake, any
more than Idaho Power Company did a
decade ago. In its zeal to champion Paci-
fic Northwest Power Company, the Oregonian
camouflaged the substance of my legal po-
sition. It obviously did so because it could
not refute that position.
The point I made is in fact irrefutable.
The FPC, not having been a party to the
litigation in the Oregon District Court, is
free to deal independently with the issue
decided by that court. Moreover, no pro-
hibition in State law nor any lack of au-
thority under State law can void an FPC
license or bar the exercise of the FPC's para-
mount Federal licensing power. This has
been the repeated holding of the U.S. Su-
preme Court. Irrespective of State law,
then, the FPC can endow WPPSS-a public
body competent under Washington State law
to generate and sell power-with independ-
ent Federal authority under a Federal license
to construct a dam on a navigable stream
-belonging to the United States located out-
side the State of Washington.
This is a far cry from the Oregonian's
characterization of my legal position as being
that a Federal court has no authority over
the Federal Power Commission.
In a second editorial, the Oregonian again
bleated the call of the Pacific Northwest
Power Co. with respect to the fish problem
on the Middle Snake. After one private
utility has killed off what fish there were
above the Salmon River, we are told that
only another private utility can save the
fish below the Salmon.
I think the people of this area have seen
enough wreckage of Snake River resources
at the hands of private utilities.
It is regrettable that the Oregonian seeks
its legal advice from patently biased quar-
ters. It is even more regrettable that the
Oregonian falls so often to speak out on
major power issues -on behalf of the general
public interest, in the great tradition of the
press:
Interconnection of the Pacific Northwest
and Southwest, and development of the Mid-
dle Snake River are issues which will help
shape the future of the Northwest, just as
did the arrival of BPA power In Cascade
Locks. If we allow private parties to work
out their own special solutions, outside the
framework of the public interest, we have
only ourselves to blame.
It will be most regrettable if controversies
over the intertie issue and the maximum
power development of the Middle Snake are
not settled on a negotiated basis that places
the long-time public interest ahead of all
other issues.
For a good many years, great progress was
being made in the maximum river basin de-
velopment of the Pacific Northwest, based
upon a program of joint venture between
Government and private utilities that would
result in the pooling of power and a fair dis-
tributin of that power to the private utili-
ties for sale to their customers and to public
power bodies for distribution to their cus-
tomers. Such a program was aimed at pro-
viding people living in the great potential
hydroelectric power areas of the West with
low-cost power so vitally needed for an ever
expanding economy, new job opportunities,
new business, and an ever better standard
of living for our people.
1 have always supported such as program,
and I will continue to do so.
It gives assurance to private utilities of
an adequate supply of power, fair and rea-
sonable but not exorbitant profits and a
maximum rather than an inadequate de-
velopment of the hydroelectric power re-
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