DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS WITH CUBA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200240033-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 18, 2004
• Sequence Number: 33
• Publication Date: June 4, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
As requested, I am sending a copy of the
letter and am also sending one to my Con-
gressman here in New York.
Sincerely,
MARGARET M. WELTZ.
WEST ROXBURY, MASS., May 7, 1963.
Hon. WILLIAM H. BATES,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN BATES: We can start to
exploit the weaknesses in the Communist
colonial empire by developing an effective
policy toward the captive nations.
Last January, Congressmen FLOOD and DER-
wiNsxx, introduced H.R. 14 and H.R. 16 re-
spectively which would implement the
Captive Nations Week Resolution of 1959 and
establish a Special Committee on Captive Na-
tions. This committee would conduct in-
quiries into, study, and prepare concrete
recommendations for an effective U.S. policy
toward the captive nations. Many other Con-
gressmen Introduced similar resolutions.
On behalf of the Boston Branch of the
Ukrainian Congress Committee I am asking
you:
(1) To introduce a resolution of your own
to establish a Committee on Captive Nations;
(2) To support H.R. 14 introduced by Con-
gressman DANIEL J. FLOOD;
(3) To use your influence in the House
Rules Committee, to which H.R. 14 was as-
signed, and especially with the chairman,
HOWARD W. SMITH, to initiate action on the
proposed legislation by opening public
hearings.
Although the request does not come from
your district, we believe that our fight with
communism and our support for the captive
nations is of national concern and must have
the support of all Americans.
Your action and support in this matter will
do much for the establishment of a Special
Committee on Captive Nations.
Sincerely Yours,
UKRAINIAN CONGRESS COMMITTEE OF
AMERICA, INC., BOSTON BRANCH
ORFsT SZCZUDLUK, Public Relations.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. STROM THURMOND
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, June 4, 1963
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, on
Tuesday, May 28, there appeared in the
Columbia Record, a newspaper in South
Carolina, an editorial entitled "Soviets
Say We Will Leave Cuba." This editorial
discusses reports which have appeared
in press that the Communists are pre-
dicting that in 1963 the United States
will evacuate Guantanamo Naval Base
and establish diplomatic relations with
Cuba. The editorial, incidentally, notes
that the President has denied the valid-
ity of such Communist predictions. We
need, however, to be repeatedly reminded
that Cuba continues to constitute a
threat to the free world and to the se-
curity of the United States and that any
accommodation of the Communists will
surely have dire consequences. I ask
unanimous consent that this editorial
be printed in the Appendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
SoviETS SAY WELL LEAVE CUBA
An ominous report from Europe adds to
the mounting evidence that the United
States is following a line of appeasement in
its confrontation with Communist aggress-
ors.
The account came from Columnist Con-
stantine Brown. Judging by his .dispatches
on subjects with which we are familiar at
first hand, he is currently the most pene-
tratingly accurate writer on the affairs of
Western Europe.
Reporting from Rome, his home base for
the last 2 years, the veteran Washington
correspondent says that jubilant Communist
bloc diplomats there predict that "this year
will be a year of peace and good will." In
the Soviet lexicon the beguiling words mean
that the free world will make major conces-
sions to Communist tyranny. .
The Red spokesmen, 'particularly pleased
by the restraining hand placed on freedom-
loving Cuban refugees, see a new spirit in
Washington. They note that "things are
improving considerably."
Tied in with their optimism is a confident
prediction that United States-Cuban rela-
tions will be resumed in 1963, This, they say,
will be followed by American evacuation of
Guantanamo naval base after the 1964 elec-
tions.
Here is the strategy the Soviets hint will
be used to get American military forces off
the island:
After the United States-Cuban rapport be-
comes effective, Castro will campaign inten-
sively to send the Yanquis home. Anti-
colonial arguments which the United States
employed to break up the empires of West-
ern Europe will be used against the Cuban
base. International pressure will be exerted
to make the United States follow the exam-
ple set by Britain and France In closing,
naval bases outside their sovereign domains.
Domestic leaders will argue that because of
the strong military installations in Florida
and Puerto Rico, the naval base in Cuba is
not needed.
At the same time, a line of reasoning that
gained currency when Soviet missiles were
first spotted in Cuba will be revived. The
contention was that since we demanded
withdrawal of Soviet arms from Cuba, we
should recall our own. The Russians are
furiously reinforcing the island and will be
able to make a deal by nationalizing the
armaments and removing all except "advI-
sory" personnel, or "technicians."
The Constantine Brown report helps to
validate the hellbent determination of our
national policy planners to effect an accom-
modation with the Soviets, and to achieve
disarmament and world government within
the framework of the United Nations. A pre-
requisite to that idealistic accomplishment,
they evidently believe, would be a parity of
strength between the ideological foes. This
would mean a slowdown in the West and a
speedup in the Communist bloc.
The Soviets and their allies are doing their
part. Russia has the world's largest sub-
marine force; Red China, the fourth largest.
The U.S.S.R. is vastly expanding its surface
fleet. It has the biggest and best equipped
army. It is continuously trying to close the
missile gap. It has deployed an antimis-
sile system. And it has begun surveillance
of our aircraft carriers with long-range
bombers.
On the other hand, the United States has
discontinued bomber production. General
LeMay, main advocate of strategic manned
aircraft, will be dropped from the Joint
Chiefs of Staff in 12 months. The Skyholt
program for planes that could fire atomic
rockets more than a thousand miles was
scrapped. Development of an antimissile
system was delayed at least another year.
Land-based missiles were withdrawn from
Turkey and Italy.
Our only sensational advance is in the
A3563
Polaris submarine program. We now have
9 deployed and a target total of 41. But
hear what one of the top naval officers in
the submarine service had to say:
"Our Polaris system is good and great.
We think it is the best. It is as accurate as
any other missile we have. It is hidden
and invulnerable. It can fire under water
and underway. But we cannot put all our
eggs in one basket. That would make it
easy for the enemy. We believe in the use
of bombers, land missiles, and all our other
weapons on land and sea and in the air."
The Polaris is credited with being the sole
deterrent against Soviet nuclear attack, but
overreliance on a single method of defense
could have disastrous results.
Premier Khrushchev has openly declared
on an offensive against the free world in
"wars of liberation" to upset independent
governments. We cannot combat this men-
ace to our sovereignty by vigorous retreat.
Most especially, we cannot withdraw from
a frontier only 90 miles away without aban-
doning safeguards to our national security.
One Hundredth Anniversary of Felton,
Sibley & Co.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES A. BYRNE
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, June 4, 1963
Mr. BYRNE of Pennsylvania. Mr.
Speaker, I would like to call your atten-
tion to the outstanding firm of Felton,
Sibley & Co., Inc., which has been manu-
facturing quality paints and chemical
coatings since 1863.. This year this great
progressive firm is celebrating its 100th
anniversary. Their main office is located
in my congressional district and many of
my constituents, I am happy to say, are
employees of Felton, Sibley & Co.
Mr. Speaker, I am happy to include a
historical capsule of Felton, Sibley & Co.
in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD for the
benefit of my colleagues.
HISTORICAL CAPSULE
Business was established at the northwest
corner of Fourth and Cherry Streets, Phila-
delphia, in 1863, where it has remained to
this day.
The original members of the firm were
Samuel K. Felton and Conrad F. Rau, who
formed a copartnership under the name Fel-
ton & Rau. When Edward A. Sibley joined
the firm shortly thereafter, the name be-
came Felton, Rau & Sibley. In 1892, Mr. Rau
withdrew from the firm and the- name was
changed to Felton, Sibley & Co. Following
the death of Mr. Sibley in 1910, the concern
was incorporated under the laws of Pennsyl-
vania. Mr. Samuel K. Felton passed away in
1914 at the age of 82, having actively served
in the paint industry for over 64 years; and
with his passing a leading trade publication
wrote, "We . mourn the loss of one of the
oldest and foremost figures in the paint in-
dustry; his fame as a pioneer In .the trade
is spread over the four corners of the country
and his constructive and inventive ideas are
just as well known." Mr. Felton was also
known far and wide for his humanitarian?
philanthropic and church work.
In 1913, the firm celebrated its 50th an-
niversary. Following are a few excerpts from
the many tributes accorded by industry, press
and citizenry:
"To be 50 years in the manufacture of
paints and varnishes means something and
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CONGRESSIGNAL RECORD -APPENDIX June 4
there are but very few that can stand out In
the clear sunlight and give an account of
themselves. Mr. Felton, as the head of this
grand old firm, you have done your work well
and set the pace for the younger ones to
follow. To be one of the oldest varnish
houses in America, to be among the oldest
paint manufacturers and still at the helm
guiding the business, is a thing to be proud
of.,,
"No paint house In the country has a
higher standard for honorable business
methods and uniform quality goods."
"This well-known house bears an enviable
record of achievement and the history of
such a remarkable growth Indicates clearly
what may be expected when a manufacturer
endeavors to make a product that can be
rdlled upon to accomplish exactly that for
which it is made. Scrupulous care Is ex-
ercised in the making of all their products
and, as science finds new ways and better
materials, Felton-Sibley is always ready to
adopt what was proven after successful ex-
perimentation. They are progressive and
show a steady Increase of business each year
because those dealing with them found the
products made were as good as present
knowledge and machionry can make them.
We might further state that, while Philadel-
phia has concerns that were estabished many
years ago, there Is none that Is more fa-
vorably known in the trade than Felton-
Sibley."
"To Mr. Felton and his fortunate associ-
ates I beg to present congratulations cou-
pled with the hope that generations yet
unborn may look upon the name of Felton-
Sibley & Co. with the same respect and ad-
miration that today is accorded to it,and to
those who made it the synonym of mercan-
tile integrity and human fair dealing."
In 1916, a new structure was dedicated at
Fourth and Cherry Streets by members of the
second and third generations. Officers were
J. Sibley Felton, president; Walter G. Sib-
ley, vice president; Horace S. Felton, second
vice president; Howard B. Felton. treasurer;
and J. IiobInson Silver, secretary. At the
dedication it wasrecalled when nearby farm-
ers drove into Philadelphia with lineseed oil,
which they sold to paint manufacturers. In
those days the Merchants' Hotel, Fourth
Street near Arch, was Philadelphia's leading
hotel. Varnish at that time was sold mostly
In drug stores, where It was carried in bulk;
the customer brought in his own container
and the varnish was measured out to him.
The owner of a drugstore wanting some var-
nish would furnish the gum, oil, turpentine,
and driers. The varnish maker would take
this with his kettles and other equipment
and to go to an open lot, along a stream if
possible, to that he would have water to
put out his fire when the kettle was through
cooking.
Throughout the years, Felton-Sibley has
pioneered and produced almost every type
paint product and chemical coating-finishes
for hairpins to Army tanks, tragic, bridge,
and guard rail paints for bustling turnpikes
and expressways-the multitude of Interior
and exterior household and Industrial fin-
ishes so popular today.
When planetaria first came on the national
scene, Felton-Sibley was commissioned to
develop a unique dome finish, which has
served as the standard to this day, for reten-
tion of acoustic fidelity on unusually high-
type ceilings. The Fels Planetarium, Phila-
delphia; Hayden in New York and Boston;
Adler in Chicago; Buhl In Pittsburgh; and
the Moorehead in Chapel Hill, N.C., are
among the more prominent planetariums
using this special formulation.
The Betsy Ross House and other famous
historical shrines have been protected and
preserved by Felton-Sibley paints over the
years. The finishes used In the restoration
of Independence Hall were produced by Fel-
ton-Sibley after painstaking research. They
match as closely as historical records indi-
cate the original paint formulas used almost
00 years W.
In 1980, Alsamite Paint Co., Inc., Carroll
Ltd., Inc., and H. M. Wocher & Son, all Phila-
delphia based firms, were annexed as sub-
sidiary divisions.
Present officers are: Horace S. Felton,
chairman of the board; A. R. Steinberg.
president; Herman J. Zimmerman, vice presi-
dent; and David L. Steinberg, secretary-
treasurer. Employees number over 150; 40
of which have served 25 years or longer and
6 over 40 years.
Through the trade sales division, a com-
plete line of paints, varnishes, lacquers,
shellacs, and paint sundries is marketed by
over 1,000 independent retail dealers
throughout the Middle Atlantic States. The
Industrial and painter maintenance divi-
sions serve leading architects, painting con-
tractors, interior decorators, city, State, and
governmental agencies, plants, offices, and
institutions in all phases of paint and chemi-
cal coating requirements.
Felton-Sibley is a charter member and
exclusive eastern U.S. constituent of Speetro-
matic Associates, an international group spe-
cializing In the formulation and merchan-
dising of custom tinted paints. Abreast of
space-age paint technology, over I million
colors can now be electronically projected
and translated into precise paint formulas
by Felton-Sibley through specially devel-
oped automated equipment. In addition to
participation In local paint groups, active
membership is maintained in the National
Paint, Varnish & Lacquer Association and
the Federation of Societies of Paint Tech-
nology.
After 100 years of continuous manufac-
turing at the same location. the Felton-
Sibley parcel is being appropriated by the
Redevelopment Authority of the City of
Philadelphia as part of the program for the
development of the Independence Mall Urban
Renewal Area.
Plans are being consummated for a new
ultramodern plant, consolidating all divi-
sions under one roof with ample area for
future expansion and embodying latest
manufacturing, shipping, and administra-
tive facilities.
Maryland Lions Tribute to U Thant
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. J. GLENN BEALL
OF MARYLAND
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
'Tuesday, June 4, 1963
Mr. BEALL. Mr. President, on May 4,
1963, the Lions of District 22 in Mary-
land honored U Thant, the Secretary-
General of the United Nations.
I had the privilege of being present on
this occasion and of listening to the re-
marks of Edgar M. Elbert. LL.D., past in-
ternational president, 1952-53. In or-
der that my colleagues may have an
opportunity to read Mr. Elbert's impres-
sive address, I have obtained a transcript
which I ask to be printed in the Appen-
dix of the RECORD.
I take this opportunity to commend
the Lions of Maryland, as well as the
Lions international, for the fine work
they are doing.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
My respects and commendations to you,
International Director Bob. To our Past In-
ternational Director Massey Roe, and In the
Interest of time, I shall omit all of the dis-
tinguished people at the two head tables
with the exception of those who are repre-
senting here this evening our distinguished
honored guest, the first of whom being Hon-
orable Ambassador of Burma, Ron. Sein,
and the second being the Honorable Phillip
Dean, and I want to say to that gentleman
that I am certainly happy that he changed
his baptized name, because I couldn't have
pronounced it anyhow. (Gerasslmos Theo-
doros Chrlstodoulou Svoronos-Olgantes.)
Now you tell me, isn't this a mouthful? My
respects also, to all of the members of the
various committees and the governor's staff
that have arranged this outstanding event;
to all Lions here asembled and guests; and,
finally to those of you of the weaker sex who
have been born and raised on the gentle hill-
sides of Maryland and are now mellowing in
the love and attention as only Lion's hus-
bands and only Lion's sweethearts can give
such attention; to you I say; "a very pleasant
evening to you all." [Applause.]
I noticed a Lion to the left of the podium
who looked a bit sour at this remark and I
want to say to this fellow Lion that If I
were to be [Hash picture taken] (thank you
air, If they turn out I'll take a dozen)
[laughter). I want to say to this fellow
Lion that If I wanted to be very truthful
about my observation I might say this is
the finest fathers and daughters banquet
that I have ever attended. [Applause.]
All right, all right. We start timing now.
Fellow Lions, ladies and guests, I would
certainly be remiss In the matter of my in-
nermost convictions should I fail to say to
you at the outset how very, very happy I am
to be back with you. It has been my privi-
lege down through the past 20 years to ap-
pear at many, many meetings In district
22 and in particular district 22-C. It has
always been a pleasure-I've learned to know
you-I've learned to love you. I know that
we have in common a great goal-the goal of
Lions International, and, to see here tonight
what you are doing and to note that you
have raised your horizons on an interna-
tional level-just tugs at my heart to think
that I belong to an organization that has
widened its horizon to this effect, especially
about a man concerning whom we shall hear
more. As a matter of fact, I was In your
community on April 1, just about the time
that the cherry blossoms were beginning
to strike out. Three days later I left Van-
couver for Tokyo, there on Lions business:
Fellow Lions and ladies, what happened
in Tokyo and in the Orient during our Lions
international board there would be a topic
for a conversation which you and I could
have for 2 hours. But, let us shorten the
report and say this: it was there, in 1951-52
my pleasure to charter the first Lions Club
of Japan. And it was my pleasure to charter
three and four in Japan, in 1953. And imag-
ine my amazement to speak there at a 10th
anniversary of the Kobe and Tokyo Lions
Clubs, and to find out that within 10 short
years, 580 Lions Clubs are now constituted
in the country of Japan with over 30,000
Lions members. But, before we go any fur-
ther, I must say to you something that I
have promised to do all my life, whenever
I address an American audience, a promise
that I intend to keep, viz: that from this
point at which I stand and look over this
audience up and down and right and left,
I want to say to you that this is a beautiful
sight from where I stand. Oh, not because
your clothes are better than they would be
somewhere else, not because perhaps that
your savings accounts or your bank accounts
are larger than somewhere else, no, that isn't
the point. I say it because of something
that was mentioned here a few moments
ago by the man who received this accolaation
in the name of our honored guest, U. Thant.
This Is a beautiful sight because In this
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Attorneys for the workers who don't want
a union asked for a hearing-which the
NLRB already had assured the union it could
have.
No soap. No hearing for employees. No
election to determine how they feel on the
matter.
Just whom is the NLRB supposed to repre-
sent? Surely its main interest should be for
the workers. Not what the NLRB or the
union thinks is good for the workers, but
what the people themselves want.
An organizer can get an election any time
he can present signatures of employees say-
ing they want one. Why can't the em-
ployees get the same consideration?
Under our democratic system, government
presumably represents the will of the gov-
erned. Excessive NLRB action is making a
lot of alert citizens wonder about that. -
Florida
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. J. GLENN BEALL
OF MARYLAND
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday,_June 4, 1963
Mr.. BEALL. Mr. President, my at-
tention has been called to an article
titled "Castro Reportedly Given Protec-
tion in Florida," by Mr. Robert Jones,
which appeared in the May 5, 1963, issue
of the Indianapolis Star. The article
states that the Castro. forces in Cuba
received important help from the United
States before Fidel Castro came to pow-
er. The article was called to my. atten-
tion by Mrs. Harold B. Chait, president
of the Baltimore Woman's Committee
for Cuban Freedom, 4546 North Charles
Street, Baltimore, Md., and at her re-
quest I ask unanimous consent to have
the article printed in the Appendix of
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
CASTRO REPORTEDLY GIVEN PROTECTION IN
FLORIDA
(By Robert Jones)
One of the great mysteries of the "Cuban
problem" is also the least known. The
mystery: Who were the Washington officials
who spread a mantle of protection over
flagrantly illegal Florida-based gunrunning
to Fidel Castro and his guerrillas from 1956
to 1959?
There would be no Cuban problem today-
and no elaborate U.S. security network
to protect Red Cuba from similar oper-
ations-if Florida had not, during those
years, been turned into a privileged sanctu-
ary for Castro subversives.
Castro and his guerrillas were financed,
armed, supplied, and reinforced from Florida.
The Castro revolution could never have tri-
umphed had officials enforced U.S. laws.
Few Americans outside Miami realize how
wildly and flagrantly the law was violated
by Castro agents in that city when Fidel was
fighting in the Sierra Maestra.
Miami was virtually a Castro military base.
Arms were trucked semiopenly through the
city. An airlift shuttled tons of munitions
to Castro's guerrillas from Miami airfields.
Ships packed with armed rebels-similar
to the anti-Castro raiders now being fever-
ishly suppressed-left south Florida for Cuba
almost daily.
Castro'eportedly Given Protection in
June 4
This was not mere bureaucratic negligence. history of the overall limitm
-
Again and again, the Batista government and duction in 1938 does no a
t since verake itsyintrgoood
local law enforcement officers tried to per- case for it, even aside from the immense debt
suade Washington to bring the situation increase during World War II. In February
under control. 1946 the debt dro
mini-
Not only did the State Department resist mum of some $252 bill on and in June of that
the pressure, word was passed that Federal year the limit was lowered from $300
agencies in Florida were to keep hands off to $275 billion. As Congress debated action
Castro operations. yesterday, the limit was $305 billion and
Irritated, Miami law officers expressed Treasury operations were bumping against
oblique resentment at the Government's this ceiling.
attitude in a report dated August 4, 1958, and In approaching the issue posed here, the
released by the Dade County Department of first and most important question is: Do we
Public Safety: really mean business or are we to continue
Several weeks ago, at a request of Michael the hypocrisy of this kind of sham battle
Fox, Chief of the Miami Beach Police D t
ment, a meeting was held at the Miami ministration, the 1Congress,i and the peoplie
Beach Police ad-
11 This mieetin
was attended by Charles Zmuda and Syl-
vester Billbrough of the Public Safety De-
partment. Chief Fox, Captain Webb, and
Pat Purdue represented the Miami Be
h
ac
Police Department.
"According to Mr. Zmuda, the meeting was
also attended by Agent Davis of the Federal
Bureau of Investigation. The purpose of
the meeting was for mutual aid and cooper-
ation in dissolving the operations of the
Cuban revolutionaries.
"As a result of the meeting, large amounts
of guns, ammunition, and hand grenades
were seized and confiscated by the joint
efforts of the Public Safety Department and
the Miami Beach Police Department. It
was at this time that Agent Davis stated
that the Federal Bureau of Investigation
wanted nothing to do with the activity."
The limited resources of the local police
were, however, quite inadequate to cope with
what was an international conspiracy. -
But once Castro triumphed, the hands-off
policy was reversed. The FBI was ordered
to crack down an anti-Castro activities.
And today, the U.S. Government is forced to
spend millions of tax dollars in deploying
air, land, and sea security forces-to prevent
an anti-Communist duplication of Florida
1956-59.
Debt Discipline
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. A. WILLIS ROBERTSON
OF VIRGINIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, June 4, 1963
Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent to have printed
in the Appendix of the RECORD an arti-
cle by Dr. Harley L. Lutz entitled "Debt
Discipline" which appeared in the Wall
Street Journal of Wednesday, May 29,
1963.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:.,
firm debt limit, then the policy of debt lim-
itation should be discarded as a bit of fiscal
flummery. The position taken here is that
there should be a debt limit and a firm policy
0.1 its strict enforcement.
NO MAGIC FIGURE
There is no magical, absolutely definite
figure for this limit. The deficit for fiscal
year 1963 is by this time fairly well set and
provision must be made to cover the expenses,
whatever they may be. The case is different
for the fiscal year 1964, especially in view of
the slow pace of congressional action on the
appropriations for this year. Various well-
considered recommendations for reduced
spending in 1964 have been advanced by re-
sponsible persons and organizations, and
other sound proposals could no doubt be de-
veloped if such guidance and support were
needed to stiffen the backbone of the Con-
gress in a firm stand against further borrow-
ing.
From the operational standpoint there
can be no question that the 1964 budget can
be reduced enough to involve no additional
increase in the debt limit, beyond whatever
may be necessary to cover the 1963 deficit.
The political hazard of a bold stand for
financial sanity has probably been exag-
gerated by such myths as "spending and
electing," but a firm national policy of debt
control would provide timid candidates with
a reasonable excuse for getting less Federal
spending in the home district where success
in such endeavors is the chief argument for
reelection.
It must be emphasized that a debt limit,
by itself, would not restrict Federal spend-
ing although, as indicated below, it would
tend in that direction. The primary pur-
pose of a firm debt limit is to prevent unre-
strained debt-financed spending.
Among the reasons for a firm debt limit
policy are the following:
1. The absence of a debt limit would tend
toward even less compunction regarding
debt financing and an even greater readiness
to resort to it than now exists. The abuses
of authorizations to spend from public debt
receipts as a means of bypassing the scruti-
ny of the appropriations committees have
been frequently exposed.
EVIDENCE OF INTEGRITY
2. Debt limitation is
id
w
ely regarded as
DEBT DISCIPLINE: AN EFFECTIVE CEILING RE- visible evidence of fiscal integrity, that is,
QUIRES CONTROL OF SPENDING the honesty and sincerity of the Govern-
(by Harley L. Lutz) ment'5 intention regarding the value of the
Congress, once currency and of all fixed investments. The again,
h eral gre limit a little high pushed the Fed-
latest. rigmarole of a debt limit which always
hassle, which ended yesterday with a tem- moves upward just one step ahead o-
porary boost, was a rear-guard tactic. cept of spending cis a kind of al integrity but it is of no avail
Everyone knew that some increase was in- as a protection against the perils of unlim-
evitable, as it has been time after time over ited debt increase.
the past decade. The reason is clear. Fed- 3. A firm debt limit would be a powerful
oral spending will have risen by more than source of confidence among investors with
50 percent from 1955 through fiscal year regard to the stability of the public debt as
1964-from $64.4 billion to an estimated a long-range investment. While there are
$98.8 billion. In the same period revenues other factors involved, the shift of investor
were so far outrun as to cause an aggregate preference from long-term to short-term
estimated net deficit of $46 billion. Federal debt paper invites speculation as to
The principal issue to be discussed here is the degree of confidence in the future value
whether there should be a debt limit. The of long-term Treasury bonds. In 1946, for
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A35,?9
of ivy league habitues, or other superficial
adolescent maladies.
I believe these symptoms go deeper. I be-
lieve they are harbingers of a more virulent
and fearful disease. I believe they are ex-
ternal evidences of a malignant misconcep-
tion of the relationship between Individual
freedom and submission to authority, Re-
bellions against methods of teaching, mark-
ing, discipline, required standards of dress,
demeanor, and deportment in private Insti-
tutions of learning indicate quite clearly
that many people, parents and pupils alike.
are confusing the political freedom of In-
dividuals in a democracy with the disciplin-
ary and academic conformity Intrinsic to a
private educational institution.
Private schools and colleges are not built
by public funds, supported by public sub-
sidies. directed by public representatives, do
not offer curriculums of p-iblic, democratic
choice, and are not subject to private or In-
dividual judgments of policy, so long as the
institutions are licensed by the state as
being in the interest of the iCommon good
and by the church as being contributory to
common spiritual welfare.
They are built, owned, operated, and gov-
erned by private organizations, either re-
ligious or lay. No student is bound to at-
tend them; but if the student Is permitted
to attend, he or she must submit to the au-
thority responsible for them. If they object
to that authority, they are free to leave; but
as long as they remain, they must obey or
else be forced to go. This principle is neces-
sary for the maintenance or order and justice
in and toward the Institution; but It is also
equally essential to the proper character for-
mation of the students, to which the insti-
tution commits itself to develop in all their
charges as law-abiding citizens of our Amer-
ica of tomorrow.
I might say parenthetically that this same
principle of submission holds true, with
adaptations of course, to public Institutions
of learning, for no society can achieve its
and without the exercise of authority. What
kind of a reversal of order would result if
those to be educated governed the educators;
if those who came to learn were allowed to
teach the teachers and determine the courses
of study for themselves?
Not only Is this theme timely, it is most
appropriate to this dedication, because the
foundress of the Society of the Holy Child
Jesus, Mother Cornelia Connelly, had such
strong convictions on the necessity of re-
spect for authority and the autonomy of
authority as the basis of sound education
that she fought for its preservation in her
philosophy program, and techniques of ed-
ucation through opposition from her blood
relatives and confreres at home, through
local ecclesiastical personages, all the way to
the top echelons of government in Rome
itself. Finally, toward the end of her life
she won her case against terrific odds, and
since then her victory has proved Its merit
in the achievements of her spiritual daugh-
ters.
The life of Cornelia Connelly, wife, mother,
nun, and probable saint, reads as grippingly
as a first-class detective story, so compelling
that only with great restraint can one put
down her biography once it has been opened.
A profitable use of our time today might
be spent on outlining for you some of the
principles that guided the evolution of
Mother Connelly's educational program.
First of all, she started with the premise that
her plan of operation could be most effective
if it were limited in scope only to those
children of homogeneous cultural back-
ground. She knew it would not do for a
whole system of public education where
schools were compelled to accept all children,
regardless of home condition. Her program
demanded that the respect for authority re-
quired In the school had to be supported by
the same respect for authority in the home,
where education really begins, where it most
extensively developed freely, and where it
reaches its flower and maturity.
Notice that she did not require sameness
of intellectual ability, sameness of racial
ancestry, sameness of social standing-but
only sameness of cultural background in
which the authority of home life followed the
divine natural pattern of the father being
the head, the mother his handmaid, and the
children being the God-entrusted charges
for the parents to guide, govern, and direct
until the time when the youngsters were
capable of functioning independently
through the exercise of their fully developed
faculties and powers. Only in such crises
would the home complement the school In
its efforts to educate the child.
Her technique of teaching employed St.
Thomas Aquinas' axiom, "Nil in intelect.
nisi prius In sensius," as its launching pad,
"Nothing passes Into the intellect, without
first passing through the senses." Hence she
insisted upon eye appeal as a premise to In-
tellectual interest. Get the child Interested
with its senses and Imagination, and then
you can teach her to memorize and to under-
stand.
Applied to the abstract subject of arith-
metic, she urged that mathematics be started
"partly with a box of bricks, a box of cards,
weights, and a few plain figures capable of
being taken to pieces, so that their eyes and
imagination become involved In the observa-
tion of objects. They do not use numbers
for their own sake but for the sake of the
things numbered. They count by sight and
are not able to abstract numbers from the
things," She believed that the lessons learned must
be short and within the capacity of the child.
Yet she was careful to discriminate and to
protect any particular sparks of individuality
and Inspiration she divined in any of her
pupils. Justice, she believed, did not He in
equality of treatment, and she felt firmly
that "one yoke for the lion and the lamb is
tyranny."
"Be accurate" was her favorite advice, but
nonetheless she advised her nuns not to be
to severe in the criticism and correction of
compositions. "We are not to expect a per-
fect composition from a child. It Is easy to
correct redundancy, but a barren genius has
no remedy."
Thus we see her recognition of individual
differences of talent and ability, which can
be encouraged and developed to the full, over
and above the basic requirements exacted
of all pupils.
There are other distinctive features of
Mother Connelly's educational philosophy, of
course; but these are sufficient to highlight
their value as being worthy of your endorse-
ment and justification for the Investment
you parents are making In this form of pri-
vate but expensive type of education.
To the students here at Holy Child lot me
say a final word of admonition: "To whom
much Is given, of her much is expected."
You are enjoying rare opportunities of edu-
cation, purchased by those who love you and
who are dedicated to your total development
with all their souls. Your responsibility of
profiting by these opportunities is great in-
deed. Do not be turned aside from the at-
tainment of these goals by the temper of our
times. Remember that you are here to learn
and make your own a solid set of values that
will equip you for outstanding citizenship
and leadership In moral perfection. The key
to your full response is humble and willing
submission to authority in school and at
home.
Let it never be said that you are weeds
growing in a hot house of unreality. Orchids
and flowers of rasa delicacy require a warm
climate of extraordinary protection until
they are mature and strong. But there
comes a day when these blossoms of beauty
and fragrance can be admitted to the un-
stable elements of the world outside, where
they will radiate their loveliness and charm
without danger of wilt or blemish, because
their Inward stamina has been strengthened
and readied to such a degree that they can
withstand the perils of heat and cold with-
out losing the vigor and loveliness of their
inner life. May such be the fruits of every
graduate, of this new Academy of the Holy
Child Jesus.
Labor Relations Board Makes People
Wonder
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. STROM THURMOND
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, June 4, 1963
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President, the
Spartanburg Herald of Spartanburg,
S.C., has posed a most important ques-
tion in an editorial dated May 30, 1963,
and entitled "Labor Relations Board
Makes People Wonder." I ask unani-
mous consent that this outstanding edi-
torial be printed in the Appendix of the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows: -
LAROR RELATIONS BOARD MAKES PEOPLE
WONDER
What 1s the proper function of the Na-
tional Labor Relations Board?
is it to be a partisan, a promoter, a pro-
tector of labor union organization-with
very little regard for the wishes of the peo-
ple affected?
Or is it to be a fair and impartial arbiter
of collective bargaining, with the principal
aim of guaranteeing freedom of choice for
the Individual?
With almost every official act, the NLRB Is
expanding the Image of itself as being a
champion of the union organizer. And this
Is the agency which exerts the official U.S.
Government policy on affairs of the working-
man.
Its latest ruling concerning a Spartan-
burg firm Intensifies concern about NLRB
fairness.
Sixteen months ago, the NLRB called an
election at P. Garvan Co. after the union
showed to the Board's satisfaction that
enough employees wanted a union to warrant
an election.
They did vote for union representation.
But the union and the company never have
reached a contract agreement.
A group of employees decided they did not
want to be represented by the union any
more. They circulated a petition asking the
NLRB to call a new election-a legal and ac-
cepted procedure. Ninety-one out of 95
workers signed.
When this application went to the NLRB,
its spokesman said that If an election were
approved a hearing would be scheduled for
the union to argue its case on appeal.
The opposite happened. The NLRB would
not accept the petition. The union had filed
a charge that the company was not bargain-
ing In good faith. This, said the Board,
would have to be settled first.
To stop an election, the union can churn
out charges about as fast as a typewriter
will go.
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Congress fails in its own duty to enact a
directive concerning them.
Both the executive branch of the Gov-
ernment and the Congress need to catch
up with the courts of America. The
courts- are so far ahead of the Congress
and the executive branch o the Govern-
ment in making available to the Negroes
of this country their rights under the
Constitution of the United States that
we in the Congress ought to be ashamed
of ourselves.
Mr. JAVITS. I thank my colleague.
EXHIBIT 1
S. 1665
A bill to require that all State or local pro-
grams supported with Federal funds shall
be administered and executed without re-
gard to the race or color of the partici-
pants and beneficiaries
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of
Americal in Congress assembled, That it is
the policy of the United States that, in all
programs administered or executed by or for
the benefit of the States or their political
subdivisions and supported, in whole or in
part, with funds provided by the United
States, no individuals participating, in, or
benefiting from such programs shall be seg-
regated or otherwise discriminated against
because of race or color.
SE:c. 2. No moneys shall be paid by the
United States to or for the benefit of any
State or political subdivision thereof under
any program of Federal assistance-
(1) to plan or provide facilities, services,
benefits, or employment in such State or
political subdivision,
(2) to defray administrative expenses of
a program in such State or political sub-
division, or
(3) to defray the cost of carrying out a
program in such State or political subdivi-
sion,
if the participants in or beneficiaries of such
program in such State or poltical subdivi-
sion are segregated, or otherwise cascrim-
inated against, because of race or color.
SEC. 3. The programs of Federal assistance
referred to in this Act include, but are not
limited to, programs.--
(1) to assist the construction of hospitals,
schools, highways, airports, parks and recre-
ational areas, community facilities, and pub-
lic works generally;
(2) to provide old-age assistance, medical
assistance for .the aged, assistance to needy
families with children, assistance for ma-
ternal and child welfare, assistance to the
blind, assistance to the disabled, and public
health and welfare assistance programs gen-
erally;
(3) to provide financial assistance to the
unemployed and assistance in the training
retraining, and placement of workers;
(4) to provide assistance to business, in -1
eluding agriculture;
(5) to provide assistance to educational
institutions and to individuals for educa-
tional purposes; and
(6) to provide assistance to National
Guard and civil defense activities.
CARE FOR CHILDREN OF MIGRANT
AGRICULTURAL WORKERS
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
hour of 2 o'clock having arrived, the
Chair lays before the Senate the un-
finished business, which will be stated.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (S. 522)
to amend the act establishing a Chil-
dren's Bureau so as to assist States in
providing for day-care services for chil-
dren of migrant agricultural workers.
SHIPS SUPPLYING COMMUNIST the editor be printed in the RECORD at
CUBA this point in my remarks.
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, in There being no objection, the letter
keeping with my practice of placing in was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD the number as follows:
and-names of ships which have been sup- INTELLIGENCE IN THE CRISIS
plying Communist Cuba, I wish to bring As a Naval Reserve intelligence officer, I
the record up to date at this time. cannot let Roscoe Drummond's analysis of
the recent Stennis subcommittee report on
During the period May 8, 1963, to May our intelligence in the Cuban crisis, which
17, 1963, 11 free-world freighters and appeared on May 20, go unchallenged.
tankers totaling 85,077 gross tons called Mr. Drummond says something needs to
in Cuba. In the course of this period be done because of the inability of John A.
four Lebanese freighters of a combined Mccone and our other intelligence chiefs to
weight of 28,710 gross tons stopped in convince the subcommittee that all Soviet
Cuba. This tonnage places Lebanon at long-range missiles have been removed from
Cuba.
head of the list for this period. In .
Well, this report is a wondrous document:
connection with the increased appear- you can prove either side of the question by
ance of Lebanese vessels in Cuban ports, it. I suppose this comes from a desire for
it is only fair to note that Lebanon under unanimity. But there is a grave question,
its laws is capable of exercising only when as fundamental an issue as the in-
slight control over the mo'ement of its tegrity and competence of our Nation's intel-
vessels. I am advised by reliable sources ligence IIervices are concerned, whether the
that over 50 percent of these vessels public interest is really served by an inquiry
that stops short of a clear-cut verdict just
traveled in ballast to Cuba to accommo- to keep everybody happy.
date the exportation of Cuban sugar In any event, one thing is clear: all of the
products. Lebanon is currently revis- _ report's conclusions which refute charges
Ing its statutes and regulations relative against our intelligence services are based
to the registry of its merchantmen to the on facts, while those which give aid and
end that more effective control can be comfort to the critics are either self-contra-
maintained over its flagships. It is my dictory or rest on nothing more substantial
understanding that Lebanon is holding than theoretical skepticism.
Take the matter of strategic missiles, for
the registration of new vessels in abey- example. The intelligence chiefs to a man
ance until such time as new regulations conclude these missiles have been removed.
can be enacted. A perusal of the names To oppose this impressive professional judg-
on the list of Lebanese ships calling in
Cuba since January 1, 1963 would lead
one to believe that they are for the most
part the proprietary interests of Greek
nationals. I intend to pursue this fur-
ther and provide my colleagues with a
full report at a later date because if such
is the case it is most unfortunate in light
of the Royal Hellenic Government's re-
cent action to -curtail Greek shipping to
Cuba. The flag of registry and tonnage
of those ships calling in Cuba during the
period May 8, 1963, to May 17, 1963, is
as follows:
Ardgem, British, 6,981; Athelmere-
tanker-British, 7,524; London Victory-
tanker-British, 12,132; Embassy, Greek,
8,418; Maria Santa, Greek, 7,217; Malou,
Lebanese, 7,145; Giorgos Tsakiroglou,
Lebanese, 7,240; Mantric, Lebanese,
7,255; Noemi, Lebanese, 7,070; Achille,
Italian, 6,950; Trebisnjica, Yugoslav,
May 9, the Preparedness Subcommittee
of the Committee on Armed Services of
the Senate issued an interim report on
the Cuban military buildup. The report
was based not on the opinion of the sub-
committee, nor on the opinion of any
one member of the subcommittee, but on
the facts as the subcommittee found
'them to be. The report of the subcom-
mittee was concise and contained a mini-
mum of editorialization.
Unfortunately, some people have,
nevertheless, made a great effort not to
comprehend what the report said. One
of the best jobs of misreading the report
appeared in a letter to the editor of the
Washington Post on Tuesday, May 28. I
ask unanimous consent that this letter to
and philosophical skepticism. Theoretically,
to be sure, anything is possible. But is this
really any way to run a railroad-or a
country?
Likewise, the substantial errors the com-
mittee says resulted from a belief by some
intelligence officials that the Soviets would
never put missiles in Cuba vanish in the face
of facts appearing elsewhere in the same
document.
For example, from July 1962 on, all ru-
mors about such missiles-whether con-
trary to subjective beliefs or not-were -
scrupulously checked out, we are told, with
uniformly negative results. Until the pic-
tures came in from that October 14 U-2
flight nobody-either in the Senate or out-
had any confirmation of any long-range
missile rumors.
So what substantial errors were there?
What More could intelligence' have done,
even had they believed otherwise? Should
they have represented as confirmed fact ru-
mors for which no confirmation could be
found? Or was the subcommittee perhaps
indulging some of the administration's more
vocal critics in its midst by taking the in-
telligence community to task for a failure
to manifest psychic powers prior to Octo-
ber 14?
Whatever the ultimate answer to our trou-
blesome problems In Cuba, it can only be
complicated by an unwillingness on the part
of those in possession of the facts to repudi-
ate unequivocally unfounded charges against
an. Intelligence community that actually
turned in a magnificent and highly success-
ful performance last October.
SAMUEL S. STRATTON,
Member, Armed Services Committee,
House of Representatives.
Mr. - THURMOND. Among other
charges hurled at the report is the al-
legation that one can prove either side
of the question by it.
Mr. President, if there is this much
misunderstanding about the report, I
think it should -be translated into the
simplest possible language for the bene-.
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9474 ~'+
fit of those who will understand it only for the Soviet troops in Cuba, whether range in Cuba as to allow us practically
in four letter words. I will, therefore, It is true or not. Furthermore, our In. no warning time and perhaps not even
attempt to paraphrase in simple English telligence chiefs do not know how many time to retaliate.
the major findings of the subcommittee. Soviet troops are arriving in Cuba each As for the hemisphere as a whole, al-
The U.S. intelligence chiefs do not week, They do not know whether the though our intelligence chiefs know that
know if Soviet nuclear missiles are now number of Soviet troops they believe left the strategic island of Cuba Is today a
in Cuba or not. They do not believe Cuba were withdrawals or merely ro- bristling armory of Communist weapons
there are any Soviet missiles In Cuba. tations. Last, but far from least, they and troops, they are restricted from
They do believe there could be Soviet have no evidence that any combat really finding out the whats, the whys,
missiles In Cuba. They do not know ground troops for the Soviet mobile and the wherefores of guerrilla and sub-
how many Soviet missiles came into armored groups In Cuba have been versive threats to every Latin American
Cuba last year. They photographed a withdrawn. country.
lesser number of missiles in Cuba than Our intelligence chiefs refuse to accept No matter how well designed are the
the 42 Premier Khrushchev said he took human resource reports of refugees and slick public relations programs aimed at
out. They cannot testify that they know others of 40,000 Soviets in Cuba-just quieting qhefears of the American r public
the Soviet missiles in Cuba last fall are as they refused to accept human resource about t The Cuba,
Soviets know what they have
gone. reports of Soyiet missiles in Cuba last facts. The intelligence chiefs testified that summer-but they do concede that So- in Cuba, and no public relations lullaby
there are thousands of caves in Cuba viet military strength in Cuba is so great is going to erase their knowledge of the
and that many of the caves are- suitable that a revolt from within or an invasion threat of the armaments in Cuba. Nor
for storing concealed nuclear missiles. by refugees from without is impossible, is any public relations program going to
They do know that some of thr`se eaves Unlike the time of the Bay of Pigs, to- help us know what is in Cuba, and, for
are being used for military purposes. day an Invasion of Cuba would take an now, we just do not know.
They have seen military activity going all-out assault, on the order of Iwo Jima One thing we do know: the intelli-
on around the mouths of the caves. or Salerno in World War IT. This should gence chiefs testified that if the missiles
They do not know what is inside, but answer those who complain that the Cu- systems and their personnel are avail-
they prefer to believe the caves are used ban people should rise up and get rid of able in Cuba In a state of maximum
only for ordinary, non-nuclear military the Communists, readiness, the Soviet medium range nu-
supplies. One of the excuses for our lack of 1n- clear ballistic missiles can be made oper-
Our intelligence chiefs rely primarily telligence last fall is a story reported by atlonal within a matter of hours. Even
on photographs taken from high-alti- the news media of a jealous fight be- if the missiles are in storage in Cuba,
tude U-2 planes for our information on tween CIA and the Air Force. Accord- they can be taken out and fired within
Cuba. The method is good, but not per- ing to this publicly disseminated story, a matter of hours after Moscow gives
feet, for seeing what is lying around on there was a photography gap between the order. From these admittedly
open ground In the daytime. The meth- September 5 and October 15 while CIA limited findings of the. subcommittee so
od is susceptible to camouflage. It can- and the Air Force squabbled over who far made, several facts are obvious.
not see through forests. It cannot see was going to run the reconnaissance First, aerial reconnaissance alone, par-
-what takes place at nighttime, and ob- missions, So far, the administration ticularly when It is limited almost ex-
viously, it cannot see inside eaves. Al- has not given the subcommittee any evi- elusively to high-altitude flights in the
most everything our intelligence chiefs dence of a photography gap or any facts daytime, gives us only very limited in-
know about Cuba nqw is what can be to support the rumored squabble. telligence about Communist military
seen on open ground in the daytime from We did find that the evaluation of in- forces In Cuba. For instance, we still
a high altitude. telligence information during the crisis do not know how many missiles came
Our intelligence services also do not last fall was hopelessly poor. Official es- into Cuba before last October, nor where
know how many Soviet troops are in timates were based primarily on nega- they were during the time between their
Cuba now, or how many were there at tive information; that Is, that the re- arrival in the islands and the time they
any other time. Last October we came ports of the Soviet military buildup were conspicuously displayed for us to
very close to having to fight in Cuba, could not be confirmed beyond a reason- photograph. Intelligence chiefs admit
this time with American troops, not able doubt. This attitude by our Intel- that this period of successful conceal-
refugees. At that time our Intelligence ligence evaluators was the result of an ment of nuclear missiles in Cuba was
services estimated considerably less than unfounded belief that it would be against not less than 1 month.
8,000 Soviet personnel in Cuba. Now Soviet policy to undertake a nuclear From this, it is not difficult to deduce
they say there were at least 22,000 Soviet buildup In Cuba. This belief had official the fact that we shall remain in igno-
troops in Cuba last October. They do sanction, recognition, and approval, and, rance of the precise nature and size of
not know if that number if high enough for that reason, the Intelligence services the military buildup in Cuba until we
because they cannot see to count troops were In the awkward position of having either demand and get onsite inspec-
deployed under forest cover or In hilly to come up with absolute proof beyond tions, or until we untie the hands of our
areas with the primary method which a reasonable doubt In order to challenge Intelligence services and allow them to
they are using for gathering intelli- this official, but false, belief on Soviet use the broad spectrum of Intelligence
gence. What a surprise would have been policy, collection devices and methods in which
in store for our GI's had they gone into Although our intelligence do Soviet they are trained, rather than making
Cuba last October to find the enemy at military power in Cuba is inadequate, in- them stick primarily to aerial reconnais-
least 3 times stronger than expected. complete, and in some cases obviously sance.
Officials in the executive branch have untrue and unreliable, the subcommittee This, in simple language, is what the
told the American public that our In- feels that our intelligence people deserve report has to say. Had the facts de-
telligence shows some Soviet troops have credit for proving last October beyond veloped by the subcommittee shown that
been withdrawn from Cuba. Our In- a shadow of a doubt that Soviet nuclear our intelligence collection and evalua-
telligence chiefs say they believe 5.000 missiles were indeed In Cuba, and for do- tion was totally creditable, the report
Soviets left Cuba between October and ing a job that can be considered com- would have said so. On the other hand,
November 1962, leaving 17,500 Soviets petent under such unfavorable political had the facts developed by the subcom-
in Cuba. They believe another 4,000 to conditions and limitations as they ex- mittee shown the work of our intelligence
5,000 Soviets left since January 1963. perienced here in Washington. services to be all bad, the report would
They also state, however, that there are However, our intelligence services do have said so. As it is, the report has
left in Cuba about 17,500 Soviet troops. not really know very much about Cuba, pointed out the defects and lack of
Either our intelligence chiefs cannot do and the subcommittee is deeply worried knowledge which generally prevailed and
simple arithmetic, or they just plain do over the intelligence community's re- still prevails, while commending the In-
not know what number to start sub- striction to aerial photography, most of telligence services for doing a very cred-
tracting from or adding to. Whatever It high altitude, In gathering Intelli- liable job last October with aerial pho-
the reason, it is obviously the adminis- gence on Soviet nuclear threats to Amer- tography when they were given the- all-
tration's policy to fix a certain number ica's heartland, which are at such close out go ahead to do so.
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1963 - CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
The chairman of the subcommittee has
announced that the investigation will
continue. I am sure that all members
of the subcommittee would like to state
to the Senate in a final report that our
intelligence services are then doing a
thoroughly creditable job, both in col-
lection and evaluation, and that they
know precisely what is going on Inside
Cuba. This can only happen, however,
if, the Intelligence community is turned
loose to use all means at their disposal
without any restrictions based on the
hope of preventing irritants to the Krem-
lin bosses.
It is now within the power of the sub-
committeee to give the intelligence serv-
ices the-go-ahead: Un!ortunatly, the
subcommittee can only report the facts,
and cannot make them. It would be a
sad day indeed if the subcommittee did
nothing more than climb on the band-
wagon of the public relations campaign
to downgrade the military buildup in
Cuba.
ORDER OF BUSINESS
Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I
feel I should suggest the absence of a
quorum before bringing up a conference
report.
I ask unanimous consent that r may,
suggest the absence of a..quorum, with
the understanding that I shall then be
recognized to present the conference re-
port.
_ The PRESIDING OFFICER: Without
objection, it is so ordered.
Mr. ROBERTSON. I suggest the ab-
sence of a quorum.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will call the roll.
The legislative clerk proceeded to call
the roll.
Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent that further pro-
ceedings under the quorum call be dis-
pensed with.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, It is so ordered.
Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I
ask unanimous consent to yield to the
Senator from Kansas [Mr. PEARSON].
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
objection, it is so ordered..
SISTER CITY PROGRAM
Mr. PEARSON. Mr. President, what
I consider to be a most worthwhile
project of the people-to-people program
is being observed In my State of Kansas
and 37 other States across the Nation.
It is the sister city program which fosters
mutual understanding between commu-
nities In this country and abroad. The
sister city portion of the people-to-peo-
ple program is one of its most important
functions. Headquarters of the pro-
gram, with which many Senators are
familiar, is in Kansas City, Mo. Presi-
dent John F. Kennedy is honorary na-
tional chairman, and former President
Dwight D. Eisenhower is chairman of
the board of trustees.
Sister city affiliates are promoting in-
ternational friendships which better
serve to cement relationships among our
other friends throughout the world by
actual and continuous contact among the
lay citizens and the officials of the cities
and towns of this Nation and their af-
filiated cities abroad.
I am particularly interested in this
program, Mr. President, because Kansas
has two cities, Leavenworth and Wichita,
vihich are participating in the sister city
plan. Leavenworth's sister city is Wagga
Wagga, New South Wales, Australia, and
Wichita has Orleans, France, as her sis-
ter city.
Last week, I had the pleasure of visit-
ing with Miss Jeanette McGarry, repre-
senting the people of Wagga Wagga, who
had just completed a 3-week stay in
Leavenworth, Kans. Former Leaven-
worth Mayor J. F. Mitchell organized the
sister city program in his area in 1961,
and it was at that time that Leavenworth
selected Wagga Wagga. During Miss
McGarry's 3-week stay, she was the guest
of the present Leavenworth mayor, Vic-
tor Shalkoski, Jr.
Included in this young lady's busy itin-
errry while in Leavenworth were tours
of such projects as county soil conserva-
tion areas, Girl Scout troops, League of
Women Voters meetings, volunteer hos-
pital groups, art galleries, and churches.
In addition,. she visited our State capitol
at Topeka, where she was given a tour
,of our State government offices. With
this impressive tour by Miss McGarry, I
know that the social and governmental
bond between Wagga Wagga and Leav-
enworth has become more understand-
able to her, and has given her a clearer
picture of our communities and their
way of life. In October, Vera Lee Mc-
Ginnis, who was chosen Miss Leaven-
worth, will repay Miss McGarry's visit,
and spend 3 weeks meeting and becom-
ing acquainted with the residents of
Wagga Wagga.
Miss McGarry's hosts while a visitor
in our country were Lt. Col. and Mrs.
W. H. Wansley, of the Australian Joint
Services Mission to the United States. I
compliment ? Miss McGarry for the fine
representation she offered while visit-
ing Kansas, and I believe the sister city
;plan of the people-to-people program is
accomplishing a most beneficial purpose.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that a list of those States with cities
having sister city programs be printed in
the RECORD at this point.
There being no objection, the list was
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows
ACTIVE TOWN AFFILIATIONS BY STATE (AS OF
MARCH 1963) COMPILED BY AMERICAN Mu-
NICIPAL ASSOCIATION
ARIZONA
Phoenix-Orange, France.
Tucson-Trikkala, Greece.
CALIFORNIA
Alameda, Lidingo, Sweden.
.Alhambra--Granada, Spain.
Arcadia-Tripolis, Greece.
Artesia-Koudekerk-aan-den-Rijn, Nether-
lands.
Bakersfield-Wakayama, Japan.
Bellflower-Los Mochis, Mexico.
Burbank-Inchon, Korea.
Burbank--Solna, Sweden.
Campbell-Vohburg, Germany.
Chula Vista-General Roca, Argentina.
Claremont--Guanajuato, Mexico.
Claremont-Kumasi, Ghana.
9475
Coronado-Puerto Montt, Chile.
Delano==Ast1, Italy.
Delano-Morelia, Mexico.
Downey-Guadalajara, Mexico.
El Segundo-Guaymas, Mexico.
Fresno-Lahore, Pakistan.
Fresno-Moulmein, Burma.
Gardena-Ichikawa, Japan.
Glendale-Hiraoka, Japan.
Gonzales-Somoto, Nicaragua.
Hemet---Cootamundra, Australia.
Lodi- Kofu, Japan.
Lodi-Lodi, Italy.
Long Beach-Valparaiso, Chile.
Los Angeles-Elath, Israel.
Los Angeles-Nagoya, Japan.
Los Angeles-Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Menlo Park-Galway, Ireland.
Merced-Albury, Australia.
Merced-Fort Archambault, Chad.
Merced-Mercedes, Uruguay.
Modesto-Barranquilla, Colombia.
Monrovia-Monrovia, Liberia.
Montebello-Aehiya, Japan.
Napa-Como, Italy,
Norwalk-Hermosillo, Mexico.
Oakland-Fukuoka, Japan..
Pasadena-Ludwigshafen, Germany.
Pasadena-Mishima, Japan.
Palo Alto-Palo, Philippines.,
Redlands-Hino, Japan.
Redondo Beach-La Paz, Mexico.
Redondo Beach-Managua, Nicaragua.
Richmond-Shimada, Japan.
Riverside Sendai, Japan.
Sacramento-Manila, Philippines.
San Bernardino-Tachikawa, Japan.
San Diego-Yokohama, Japan.
San Francisco-Osaka, Japan.
San Jose-Okayama, Japan,
San Jose-San Jose, Costa Rica.
San Leandro-Ribeirao Preto, Brazil.
Santa Ana-Santa Ana, El Salvador.
Santa Barbara-Cuzco, Peru.
Santa Cruz-Ajaccio, Corsico.
Santa Fe Springs-Santa Fe, Argentina.
Santa Monica-Mazatlan, Mexico.
Sausalito-Vina del Mar, Chile.
Sonoma--Chambolle-Musigny, France.
South Gate--South Gate, England.
Stockton--Shimizu, Japan.
Studio City-Ajajlc, Mexico.
Torrance-Konya, Turkey.
Vallejo-Trondheim, Norway.
Paso Robles-Aquas de Lindoia, Brazil,
COLORADO
Boulder-Meppel, Holland.
Colorado Springs-Fujiyoshida, Japan.
Denver-Brest, France.
Denver-Takayama, Japan.
Littleton-Bega, Australia.
CONNECTICUT
Bristol-Bristol, England.
Darien-Mercara, India.
Glastonbury-Glastonbury, England.
Hartford-Thessaloniki, Greece,
New Haven-Madras, India.
Newington-Talca, Chile.
West Hartford-Concepcl6n, Chile.
Westport-Marigny, France.
Woodbridge-Linquere, Senegal.
DELAWARE
Dover-Lamla, Greece,
Newark-La Garde Freinet, France.
Wilmington-Kalmar, Sweden.
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA
Washington-Bangkok, Thailand.
FLORIDA
Clearwater-Nagano, Japan.
Coral Gables--Cartagena, Colombia.
Fort Lauderdale-Medellin, Colombia.
Hollywood-San Salvador, El Salvador,
Homestead-David, Panama.
Miami-Bogota, Colombia.
Miami Beach-Fujisawa, Japan.
Orlando-Goiania, Brazil.
Pensacola-Chimbote, Peru.
Pensacola-Miradoree, Peru.
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9476 CONGR..ESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Royal Palm Beach-Teresopolls, Brazil.
St. Petersburg-Takamatsu, Japan.
Tampa--Cordoba, Argentina.
GEORGIA
Savannah-Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Thomasville-Luneburg, Germany.
HAWAII
Honolulu-Bruyeres, France.
Honolulu-Hiroshima, Japan.
Honolulu-Naba, Okinawa.
ILLINOIS
Chicago-Milan, Italy.
Deerfield-LUdinghausen, Germany.
Glen Ellyn--Calatayud, Spain.
Western springs-Rugeley, England.
INDIANA
Mishawaka-Soeat, Germany.
Terra Haute-Tallima, Japan.
IOWA
Davenport-Kaiserslautern, Germany.
Des Moines-Kofu. Japan.
state of Iowa-Yamanashi Prefecture,
Japan.
KANSAS
Leavenworth-Wagga Wagga, Australia.
Wichita-Orleans, France.
KENTUCKY
Lexington-Deauville, France.
Louisville-Montpellter, France.
Louisville-Quito, Ecuador.
Shelbyville-Bitburg, Germany.
Versailles Versailles, France.
LOIIISIANA
Alexandria-Kochl, Japan.
Monroe-Lajes, Brazil.
Pineville-Omagarl, Japan.
MAINE
Calais--Calais, France.
St. Stephen-New Brunswick. Canada.
Scarborough--Scarborough, England.
MARYLAND
Frederick-Landau, Germany.
Forest Helghts--Villaviciosa, Philippines.
Hagerstown-Wesel, Germany.
Rockville-Ptnneberg, Germany.
Takoma Park-Jcqule, Brazil.
MAssACHUBI rIS
Amherst-Arcachon, France.
Boston-Kyoto, Japan.
Boston-Strasbourg, France.
Newburyport-Binh Hung, Vietnam.
Wellesley-Vohenstrausa, Germany.
Weston-Rhombaa, France.
MICHIGAN
Bay City-Ansbach, Germany.
Bay City-Mechelen. Belgium.
Benton Harbor-Judiat, Brazil.
Detroit-Toyota, Japan.
Escanaba-Levadia. Greece.
Frankenmuth-GUnzenhausen, Germany.
Harper Woods-Epernay, France,
Harper Woods-Ettlingen, Germany.
Kalamazoo-Kingston, Jamaica.
Kalamazoo--Numazu. Japan.
Kalamazoo--Fuugerea, France.
Saginaw-Tokushima, Japan.
Wyoming-Manizales. Colombia.
MINNESOTA
Minneapolis-Santiago, Chile.
Montevideo-Montevideo, Uruguay.
New Ulm-Ulm, Germany.
St. Paul-Nagasaki, Japan.
Worthington--Crailsheim. Germany.
NEBRASKA
Oakland-Hammenhog, Sweden.
NEW HAMPSHIRE
Laconta-Lilienfeld, Austria.
NEW JERSEY
Atlantic City-Royan, France,
Cedar Grove-Vilshofen, Germany.
Franklin Township-KuuRiarvi, Finland.
Hackensack-Passau, Germany.
Levittown-Avila. Spain.
Madison-Seven Oaks, England.
Montclair-Graz, Austria,
Newark-Newark-on-Trent, England.
New Brunswick-Tsuruoka, Japan.
Trenton-Jundial, Brazil.
NEW YORK
Albany-Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Buffalo-Kanazawa, Japan.
Cortland-Peshawar, Pakistan.
Garden City-AM-en-Provence, France.
Garden City-Coburg. Germany.
Jamestown--Jacobatad, Finland.
Long Beach-St. Marc. Haiti.
Lynbrook-Tobaru, Okinawa.
New York-Tokyo, Japan.
New Rochelle-La Rochelle, France.
Niagara Falls-Ise, Japan.
Niagara Falls-Lome, Togo.
Rochester-Rennes, France.
Rye-Rye, England.
NOaTIr CAROLINA
Asheville-Petropolis. Brazil,
Charlotte-Arequipa, Peru.
Fayetteville-Thlers. France.
New Bern-Bern, Switzerland.
Winston-Salem-Bucaramanga, Colombia.
NORTR DAKOTA
Fargo-Kaolack, Senegal.
OHIO
Barberton-Mlahlma, Japan.
Berea-Verria, Greece.
Chillicothe-Tulua, Colombia.
Dayton-Augsburg, Germany.
Lakewood-Kota City, Okinawa.
Manstleld-Dar-es-salaam, Tanganyika,
Toledo-Toledo, Spain.
OKLAHOMA
Clinton-Jujuy, Argentina.
OREGON
Corvallis-Antofagasta, Chile.
Coos Bay-Larvik, Norway.
Eugene--Chinju, Korea.
Forest Grove-Bornova, Turkey.
Klamath Falls-Rotorua, New Zealand.
Lake Osewego--Pucon, Chile.
Medford-Alba. Italy.
Milton-Freewater-W almate,
New Zealand.
Mllwaukie-Nago, Okinawa.
Portland-Sapporo, Japan.
PENNSYLVANIA
Berwick-Ber Ick-on-Tweed, England.
Bethlehem-Tondabayaahi, Japan.
Chambersburg--Gotemba, Japan.
Cheltenham--Cheltenham, England,
Manhelm-Mannheim, Germany.
Plttsburgh-Bilbao, Spain.
Swarthmore--Stade, Germany.
York-Arles, France.
York-Asuncion, Paraguay.
RHODE ISLAND
Newport---Shimoda. Japan.
TENNESSEE
Johnson City--Guaranda, Ecuador.
TEXAS
Corpus Chrlatt-Yokosuka, Japan.
Dallas-Dijon. France.
Eden-Eordel, Germany.
El Paso-Jeddab, Saudis Arabia.
Houston-Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of
China.
Lubbock-Hannover, Germany.
New Braunfels-Braunfels, Germany.
'UTAH
Ogden-Hot, Germany.
Salt Lake City-Matsumoto, Japan.
VIRGINIA
Abingdon-Abingdon, England.
Hampton-Southhampton, England.
Luray-Luray, France.
Norfolk-Mail, Japan.
Portsmouth-Dunedin, New Zealand.
Richmond-Richmond, England.
June 4
WASHINGTON
Bell ingham-Tateyama, Japan.
Bremerton--Olongapo, Philippines.
Port Angeles-Rosenheim, Germany.
Seattle-Kobe, Japan.
Spokane--Nishinomiya, Japan.
Tacoma--Kokura, Japan.
Vancouver-Arequipa, Peru.
WEST VIRGINIA
Fayetteville-Lezoux, France.
WISCONSIN
Beloit-Pinerola, Italy.
Racine-Montelimar, France.
TREASURY AND POST OFFICE DE-
PARTMENTS, THE EXECUTIVE
OFFICE OF THE PRESIDENT, AND
CERTAIN INDEPENDENT AGEN-
CIES APPROPRIATION BILL, 1964-
CONFERENCE REPORT
Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I
submit a report of the committee of
conference on the disagreeing votes of
the two Houses on the amendments of
the Senate to the bill (H.R. 5366) mak-
ing appropriations for the Treasury and
the Post Office Departments, the Execu-
tive Office of the President, and certain
independent agencies for the fiscal year
1964, and for other purposes. I ask
unanimous consent for the present con-
sideration of the report.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The re-
port will be read for the Information of
the Senate.
The legislative clerk read the report.
(For conference report, see House pro-
ceedings of May 28, 1963, pp. 9065-9066,
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.)
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the present consideration
of the report?
There being no objection, the Senate
proceeded to consider the report.
Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, I
wish to make a relatively brief state-
ment on the conference action on H.R.
5366, the Post Office and Treasury De-
partment appropriation bill for fiscal
year 1964.
The conference report contains a total
of $6,045,466,000. This is $48,440,000 over
the House bill, $24,000,250 under the
Senate bill, $383,951,830 over 1963, but
$101,376,000 under the estimate.
For the Treasury Department, the con-
ference bill contains $1,103,650,000, an
increase of $106,614,530 over 1963. The
amount allowed Is $49,580,000 under the
estimate, and $8.5 million under the Sen-
ate bill. Contained in this total is $552
million for the Internal Revenue Service.
This Is $48,900,000 over 1963, $6 million
over the House allowance, and $26,300,000
under the estimate, and the sum allowed
provides for a total of approximately
61,000 average positions, an increase of
approximately 600 employees over the
858 provided in the House bill-for a
total increase of approximately 900 av-
erage positions over 1963. The amount
allowed is $3 million and 500 average
positions less than the Senate bill pro-
vided, but was all to which the House
conferees would agree.
For acquisition, construction, and im-
provement in the Coast Guard, there is
included $51 million, the same as pro-
posed by the House, $3,750,000 under the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE
Am I really warning, or am I inciting
violence and thus repaying past injustice to
one minority with immense and irreparable
future injustice to all Americans and to the
American vision of. unity in diversity which
is the greatest gift in all history to free
government?
COMMUNISTS I CUB
Committee for Collective Security re-
cently directed an open letter to the
President concerning U.S. policy toward
Cuba. The letter was printed in the
Hartford, Conn., Courant of April 29 and
has been particularly called to my
attention.
Mr. President, I am firmly convinced
that the first step toward an effective
Cuban policy is a widespread public
understanding of the issues involved and
the threat that is presented to our Na-
tion and this hemisphere by Soviet
troops securely stationed 90 miles from
our shores. In my judgment, this letter
clearly explores the issues that we must
consider, and offers a number of pro-
posals for policy initiatives. Without
fully endorsing all that is contained in
the letter, I believe it is a constructive
contribution to national thinking on the
subject. I hope it will have full consid-
eration from our policymakers.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that this open letter to the Presi-
dent, signed by Roderick Stevens, Sr., be
printed following my remarks in the
RECORD.
There -being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
A POLICY FOR CUBA
To the EDITOR OF THE COURANT:
Communism has secured a firm foothold
in the Western Hemisphere through the
military buildup in Cuba by Soviet Russia.
The United States is therefore confronted
with a choice between the use of force as by
invasion, the acceptance through inaction of
coexistence with Cuban communism con-
trolled by Soviet Russia, and effective coun-
teraction. Aerial observalton. to learn what
is happening in Cuba cannot reveal con-
cealed troops, penetrate prepared camouflage,
or monitor submarine delivery of military
supplies. Whether or not there are defen-
sive or offensive weapons in Cuba presenting
a military threat to countries in the Western
Hemisphere, the fact remains that, even if
Russian military forces are withdrawn, Cuban
infiltratprs, and guerrillas will have been
trained for the invasion and subversion of
Latin American countries. Subversion is a
form of aggression and can be psychological
as well as physical-Czechoslovakia was
taken over by the Communists without the
firing of a single shot.
The most important means of preventing
the spread of communism in Latin Amer-
ica is through the Alliance for Progress whose
purpose is to assist each country to raise its
standard of living by attacking the basic
problems of poverty, disease, and illiteracy.
The United States, however, should call
for an immediate meeting of the Organiza-
tion of American States, and urge it to. take
measures, short of the use of force, to deal
with the Cuban situation.
Following are suggested proposals for con-
sideration by the Organization of American
States:
Control the movement of individuals to
and from Communist countries, especially
Cuba.
Sever telegraphic and telephonic commun-
ication and airplane service between the
member states and Cuba.
Forbid the use of ports of member states
to vessels trading with Cuba.
Establish a Spanish language radio station
for standard broadcasting into Cuba.
Jam radio propaganda from Cuba.
Prevent the flow of Communist propaganda
through the mails.
Eliminate the right of asylum on univer-
sity campuses where pro-Communists, many
of whom take courses only to foment agi-
tation, claim near-immunity from arrest.
Urge the countries of the free world to
reduce and possibly discontinue their pur-
chase of sugar from Cuba.
RODERICK STEPHEN, Sr.,
Vice Chairman, Policy Committee,
Committee for Collective Security.
NEw YORK, N.Y.
SUPPORT FOR CHURCH-RELATED
SCHOOLS
Mr. McINTYRE. Mr. President, the
question of support for the 9 percent of
American students in religiously sup-
ported secondary schools and colleges
and the 13 percent in church-related ele-
mentary schools is a veritable thicket of
thorns that has too long prevented ac-
tion'on needed priorities in Federal aid
to education. The Congress has been
under attack for its failure to grasp these
thorny branches and clear a path to edu-
cational betterment for our citizens.
Last week our colleague Senator RIBI-
coFF made bold to deal with this problem.
He introduced bills that would provide
a $1,500 income tax deduction for parents
of college children and deductions of $100
for each child in a private secondary or
elementary school. He further proposed
Federal recognition of the concept of
shared time, whereby children in church-
related schools may use public school
facilities for special purposes. He advo-
cated assistance for special-purpose in-
struction and laboratory equipment,
teacher training, auxiliary services such
as school lunches and bus transportation,
and assistance to institutions of higher
education. Senator RIBICOFF's bills re-
veal a nice understanding of constitu-
tional limitations and a most enlightened
awareness of the problems of church-
related and private educational institu-
tions.
I commend him for his forthright ap-
proach to this issue. I warmly support,
the carefully drawn programs he has
studied, prepared, and advocated in the
Senate of the United States. It is my
strong hope that his bold initiative may
receive the support it must have if the
needs of church-related schools are to be
met and this tiresome, harmful issue laid
to rest where it can no longer distract us
from the important objective of adequate
education for all Americans.
APPLICATION OF THE ALLIANCE
FOR PROGRESS TO MEXICO
Mr. MOSS. Mr. President, one of the
finest and most illuminating discussions
of the Alliance for Progress which I have
seen in some time appeared in a recent
"Letter to Maine" prepared by the dis-
tinguished junior Senator from that
State [Mr. MUSKIE].
June 4
The observations in the letter are the
result of a visit Senator MUSKIE made
to Mexico as a member of the Third
Interparliamentary Conference between
the United States and Mexico. The
Senator follows a cogent summary of
the general concepts of the Alliance with
a penetrating analysis of their applica-
tion in Mexico.
I ask unanimous consent that this
clear and concise and very well written
letter to Maine be printed in the RECORD,
so it may be read all the way from Maine
to Hawaii.
There being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
LETTER TO MAINE FROM SENATOR MUSKIE
U.S. SENATE,
Washington, D.C., April 8, 1963.
DEAR FRIENDS: For the past several weeks,
political events in Canada, culminating in
the general election this week, have drawn
our attention to the north. There we
watched our friendly neighbors, entangled
in domestic issues, reflecting their frustra-
tion over the economic and military impact
of the dominating U.S. presence. Very simi-
lar frustrations influence our friends to~ the
south in the Republic of Mexico. Both
countries are basically friendly toward us.
.Nevertheless, even good friends can fall out
unless there is continuing effort to resolve
our differences.
From March 15 to 24, I was, a member of
the U.S. delegation to the Third Interparlia-
mentary Conference between the United
States and Mexico. We met with our Mexi-
can counterparts in Guanajuato, located
230 miles northwest of Mexico City.
The agenda included: (1) An appraisal of
the Alliance for Progress; (2) a perspective
on the Alliance for Progress; (3) specific
mutual problems including tourism, border
trade, Mexican `migratory farmworkers, and
cultural exchange; and (4) peace, disarma-
ment, collective security and international
relations. Separate committees were ap-
pointed to each of these four general areas.
I served on the first committee. We were
provided with an instantaneous translation
of everything said by our Mexican counter-
parts so that the discussions moved along
rapidly. The talks were friendly, but re-
markably frank and even blunt on both sides.
The purpose of the Alliance for Progress,
which my committee discussed, is to promote
economic development in Latin America and
to insure that the fruits of that development
are equitably distributed. The concept of
the Alliance was announced by President
Kennedy. Subsequently it was formalized at
Punta Del Este, Uruguay, on August 16, 1961.
All Latin American countries, except Cuba,
became partners in the Alliance. Thus, each
of these countries has pledged itself to in-
ternal reforms which are needed if the fruits
of economic growth are to be distributed
equitably.
Why are the objectives of the Alliance for
Progress important? Poverty, ignorance, dis-
ease, oppression breed discontent and unrest,
which undermine political stability and con-
stitute an invitation to Communist Infiltra-
tion. The turbulent and revolutionary his-
tory of. Mexico is illustrative of the explosive
forces which can be generated when the
masses of the people are forced to live at
less than subsistence levels without hope for
improvement. The revolution of 1910-17
was the result of just such an explosion.
The Government of Mexico ever since has
devoted itself, with fluctuating success, to-
ward the objective of closing the gap between
the very rich and the very poor. In effect, it
had been pursuing the objectives of the A11i-
ance.for the past century.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE 9409
Mountain States to nominate him. But al-
most no one believes he could be elected.
Since Gov. William Scranton, of Penn-
sylvania, has successfully kept out of the
glare of discussion, this leaves at the mo-
ment Gov. George Romney, of Michigan.
The feeling is growing that In the end he
will be the nominee. In the Eisenhower
tradition of a nonpolitical citizens assault
on the problems of Government, he has with
his attractive personality wide appeal.
In 1936 President Roosevelt talked about
issues scarcely at all, If only because he
seemed to feel no pressure to discuss the
great unfinished task before America, he
moved across the country like a benevolent
bishop visiting his diocese. In November he
carried every State except Maine and Ver-
mont.
One thing rides high in President Ken-
nedy's consideration-to win by a much
larger margin than the squeak of 1960. With
no positive pressure of thb great issues of
the day in a year of prosperity he might con-
clude it would be shrewd to emulate the
Roosevelt approach.
GROWING SUPPORT FOR THE
YOUTH EMPLOYMENT ACT
Mr. HUMPHR.EY. Mr. President, I di-
rect the attention of my colleagues to
the growing support for the Youth Em-
ployment Act recently passed by this
body and now being considered for action
in the House of Representatives.
A recent poll taken by my Minnesota
colleague, Representative ANCHER NEL-
SEN, indicated that 67 percent of the
respondents in this predominantly rural
area, approved of the proposal to set
up a Youth Conservation Corps.
In addition, our office has received a
considerable amount of mail in support
of the proposal from professional people,
judges, social workers, probation officers
and law enforcement officials who recog-
nize the importance of this legislation
in attacking the problem of high school
dropouts and juvenile delinquency.
In a statement to the Beverly Evening
Times, Beverly, Mass., Police Chief Ed-
ward Aucone, has pinpointed the urgen-
cy for passage in the House of the Youth
Employment Act. His words, come from
the background of many years of experi-
ence in the law enforcement field and
dealing with juvenile delinquency.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that this article from the Beverly
Evening Times be printed in the RECORD
at the conclusion of my remarks.
As I noted during the floor debate on
the Youth Employment Act, the outpour-
ing of public support in favor of this
legislation was most gratifying. During
the Senate hearings on S. 1, 60 public and
private witnesses appeared in support of
the Youth Employment Act; one lone
witness appeared in dissent. Dozens of
other organizations filed supporting
statements; two statements were filed in
opposition. There was a most impressive
galaxy of witnesses supporting the Youth
Employment Act.
I am pleased to see this support con-
tinues to grow. I indeed hope that the
House of Representatives can give the
Youth Employment Act prompt consid-
eration. This legislation offers our coun-
try a historic opportunity to begin mak-
ing inroads in the national crisis over
jobless youth.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the REcoRD,
as follows:
[From the Beverly Evening Times, Beverly
(Mass.) May 16, 19931
CRISP Aucor x ASKS SUPPORT OF YOUTH
EMPLOYMENT BILL
Police Chief Edward Aucone today called
upon the citizens of Beverly to contact their
Congressman and urge him to vote favorably
for the youth employment and conservation
bill which will provide work and training op-
portunities for our young Americans.
Chief Aucone said: "this bill was passed
by the Senate April 10 and it is expected to go
before the House in the Immediate future;
therefore it is Important that you write or
wire your Congressman Immediately.
"Favorable House action on the youth
employment and conservation bill will pro-
vide work and training for youths from the
age of 16 through 21.
"Members of the Youth Conservation
Corps will receive $60 a month in wages.
They will be given lodging, board, work
clothes, tools and equipment, medical and
other necessities. The corpsmen will be un-
der the direct supervision of adult conserva-
tionists, foresters, rangers, and others-
"They will work on-and receive train-
Ing in-various jobs and projects involving
general areas as erosion, stream control, re-
forestation, and construction of outdoor rec-
reation and camp facilities.
"In addition, the corpsmen will be given
technical training and educational skills
through classroom periods after work hours.
"The youth conservation program acts
both as a preventive of youth delinquency
and as a needed asset in the conservation
of our natural resources.
"The need for these projects Is now, and
It is an extremely pressing need. Kindly ask
your Congressman to give these Presidential
recommendations priority and swift, hearty
endorsement."
MONGERS OF HATE AND HYSTERIA
Mr. STENNIS. Mr. President, on
June 3, 1963, the Evening Star published
an editorial by the columnist William
S. White entitled "Mongers of Hate and
Hysteria." The editorial puts In proper
perspective many of the points as well
as the principles in controversy in rela-
tion to the racial tensions now raging
throughout our Nation.
Mr. White is always objective in his
thinking and In his presentations. He
has rendered a service to the Nation In
the writing of the editorial.
In order that the editorial might have
wider distribution and come to the at-
tention of all Members of Congress, I ask
unanimous consent that it be printed at
this point in my remarks.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
June 3, 10631
MONGERS OF HATS AND HYSTERIA
(By William S. White)
This country, which has not in fact ever
been very strong on hatred, is being warned,
rightly 11 excessively, against the "merchants
of hate."
We ought, however, to be alerted to an-
other sort of merchant, too. This is the
monger of hysteria and the peddler of a
double-thick based upon double Standards
of truth and objectivity.
All over this land he to suddenly overstat-
ing and inflaming, rather than sensibly
seeking to abate, the current racial tensions
of the United States.
To say that these are ugly tensions is to
say the truth. To "warn" as many are do-
ing as though on signal, that these tensions
are the foreshadowings of national revolu-
tion is to speak inflammable falsehood. But
this dangerous falsehood can become danger-
ous reality if the hysteria monger is not
quieted or will not quiet himself and so
cease bellowing "fire" in a crowded national
theater.
For now he is raising demands not sim-
ply for the just vindication of the Negro's
actual rights. He is demanding the creation,
for the Negro alone, of false rights which
are not now, and never have been in all
the long centuries of an Anglo-American
concept based on orderly freedom, the rights
of anybody at all.
Fairminded men-and being fair now
requires fairness to the majority as well as
to the minority and fairness also to consti-
tutional truth-will agree that the actual
rights thus far denied the Negro must be
granted to him. These actual rights include
the ballot and an equal opportunity in all
the public facilities-the schools, the parks,
transportation, and so on.
But they do not Include and will never
include-unless the Kennedy administration
Is to seek that destruction through Congress
or the Supreme Court-the destruction of
the most ancient and irreplaceable right of
man in an open society. This is the right
of privacy'outstde his public obligations,
including the private operation, wise or
unwise, of private property.
If a shopkeeper can be compelled by un-
exampled Federal force to serve all who ap-
pear there and if on refusing, his business
can be disrupted with Federal blessing by
demonstrators swarming in from the streets,
the institution of private property is finished.
When the Institution of private property is
finished, personal privacy is finished.
The lawyer who prefers to choose his
clients-or his clerks-can find his law office
seized and occupied by those he has rejected.
So can the doctor. So can any editor or
other professional man. The employer un-
doubtedly can be told whom to fire and
whom he must not fire.
Private property and private attitudes,
however sourly run the one and however
wrong the other, are not public utilities nor
publicly established and paid-for enterprises.
They are not buses on which all are free to
ride by dropping in s dime.
And take note of this: This is no longer
simply a problem for the South, that region
of minority economic power, minority po-
litical power, and minority opinionmaking
power. So long the South has been the very
safe, and very rewarding, whipping boy for
the hysteria monger comfortably established
far from the scene of tortured dilemma.
But no more, Involved here is all of this
country and every man in it, of every color.
For, consciously or not, the hysteria mon-
ger-that collective symbol for demagogic
politicians and emotionally transfixed opin-
ion molders-is reaching for something far
different from equal justice for minorities.
He is, consciously or not, reaching.for the
end oforderly freedom.
And he is doing so by a blackmail of fear;
fear that unless administration and Con-
gress submit, they-the Negroes-will turn
in violence upon their country.
This to more than a libel on the Negro race.
This is creating an intolerable either/or cli-
mate alien to all that this Nation is.
A terrible Issue Is being approached not on
such criteria as what In fairness and lawful-
ness should he done, but rather upon what
must be done lest "they" bring anarchy
and revolution.
Let those who ceaselessly warn of what
must be done pause before It IS altogether
too late and ask themselves:
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