STUDY OF COMMUNIST AGGRESSION IN CUBA AND THE AMERICAS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP65B00383R000200250022-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 9, 2004
• Sequence Number: 22
• Publication Date: July 22, 1963
• Content Type: OPEN

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A4584 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX July 22
own words. Both GRI and CAMERON re- The chart in this office listed a dozen
mark that a group known as "the Campaign organizations opposed to communism, such
for the 48 States" was the "ancestor" of ACA. as the Farm Bureau Federation, the Asso-
GRI says: "Its chairman was Robert B, elation of American Physicians and Surgeons,
Snowden, who was initially the finance chair- Freedoms Foundation and Young Americans
man of ACA and is more recently an en- for Freedom.
dorser of the John Birch Society." CAMERON Above these names were colored balloons
says: bearing the labels, "racism," "bookburners,"
"The chairman of the Campaign for the "bogey of inflation-the balanced budget,"
48 States was Robert B. Snowden, who was "promilitary," "anti-Cuban extremists,"
initially the finance chairman of ACA and "anti-UNICEF," "anti-Semitic," "antimedi-
is more recently an endorser of the John care." "States rights primitives," "censor-
Birch Society." ship," and "anti-Federal aid to education."
When CAMERON had finished, Congressman One of the questions I naturally asked
JOHN BRADEMAS, Democrat of Indiana, stood McCune was: "For whom are you compiling
up to join the attack, reading into the REC- these names and data?" "That's my busi-
ORD the GRI material on ACA's finances. In ness," he said.
none of these congressional onslaughts, go- "Who are the people behind your group?"
ing back to Senator McGEE, was credit given "That's my business," he said.
to the "exclusively educational" services of This secretiveness and the smear labels
ORE. on the chart raised many questions. I
M. STANTON EVANS, thought of the curiously synchronized cam-
The San Diego Union article of May paign alleging the wealth of anti-Communist
19 by Edith K. Roosevelt also gave us groups, broadly implying that aniti-Red lead-
19 little more background on Group Re- ers were raking in huge profits. These
smears are false but they dried up many
search, Inc., and when we equate the contributions, forcing serious cutbacks in
information in this news story with the work of these anti-Communist groups,
what has been said about the Americans A final question: "Who pays for Group
for Constitutional Action, I would say Research?" I asked McCune. He said:
that the extremism which is allegedly "That's my business."
involved in the thinking of. ACA is not I think it is Imy bus ess-and that of
nearly as extreme as some of the rabble- the publi,
-al-a
enars in utci s omee. ixus n ra. noose-I9 -
?o10. -+a,.Ie 40 oa fnnn. - Study of Co unist Aggression in Cuba
HUSH-HUSH FIRM LISTS ANTI-REDS
(By Edith K. Roosevelt)
The name "Group Research, Inc." sound-
ed intriguing.. I decided to look into it. I
have been a reporter for more than a decade
but this gave me a new experience.
Wesley McCune, head of the three-room
office, was out. While awaiting his return,
I noticed a wall chart. When I began taking
notes, the staff of three girls leaped up sus-
piciously and a young man came from an
outer office, The scene ended with my being
ordered to leave.
Next day, I tried again, and met McCune.
He gave me a velvety welcome which turned
to harsh negatives when I began to ask
questions.
Group Research, Inc., has been quietly
operating for more than a year. Only last
month, a syndicated newspaper dispatch said
the organization was investigating where
and how rlghtwing groups got their financial
backing. An informant told me it special-
ized in accumulating dossiers on anti-Com-
munists and so-called rightists. When anti-
Communists do this, it is called a blacklist,
My decision to do some researching into
Group Research, Inc., was hastened when I
was told that Its headquarters at Room 422,
1404 New York Avenue NW., was crammed
with filing cabinets-one of which contained
a card about Edith Kermit Roosevelt.
I wondered why the dossier on me included
such details as that I had "discussed the folly
of shipping foreign aid to India."
Why should this go into a record in an
office listing itself as nonprofit and educa-
tional?
I was in eminent company. Also listed
are writers, educators and scholars of world
renown. Dr. Wilhelm Roepke, who helped
guide West Germany's miraculous postwar
economic recovery is one. Why? Also any-
one who was a sponsor of groups like Young
Americans for Freedom, or is listed on the
masthead of publications such as Modern
Age. This academic-type quarterly features
contributions of many extremists.
Who compiles this "educational" informa-
tion? McCune was assistant to Charles F.
Brennan when he was Secretary of Agricul-
ture, and later was public Information of-
ficer of the National Farmers Union.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. A. WILLIS ROBERTSON
OF VIRGINIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, July 22, 1963
Mr. ROBERTSON. Mr. President, the
editors of the VFW monthly publication,
VFW, rendered the Nation a real service
in calling attention to the valuable study
of Communist aggression in Cuba and
the Americas by the Stennis subcommit-
tee of the Senate Committee on Armed
Services.
I ask unanimous consent to have
printed in the Appendix of the RECORD
a brief article appearing in the July is-
sue of VFW by Brig. Gen. J. D. Hittle,
U.S. Marine Corps, retired, in which he
lists five outstanding accomplishments
of the Preparedness Investigating Sub-
committee of the Senate Committee on
Armed Services so ably chaired by our
distinguished colleague from Mississippi
[Mr. STENNIS].
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
VFW AND NATIONAL SECURITY
(By Brig. Gen. J. D. Hittle, U.S. Marine Corps
(retired) )
Apparently many persons In our country
expected the Soviet Union to slow Its de-
velopment of Cuba as a base for pushing
Communist aggression in the Americas fol-
lowing the crisis last year. They have been
engaging In the flimsiest kind of wishful
dreaming.
This, in essence, is the only conclusion
possible after reading evidence set forth in
the brief, remarkably frank report of the Sen-
ate Armed Services Subcommittee headed by
Mississippi's straight thinking Senator JOHN
SSTENNIS.
Notable, also, Is the fact this recent report
received the unanimous approval of Demo-
crat and Republican subcommittee members.
On the basis of its long, thorough and im-
partial investigation, the subcommittee came
to some fundamental, eye-opening conclu-
sions. Here are a few:
1. No one in the United States knows how
many Russians are in Cuba. The much-
talked about figure of 17,500 troops appears
to be a minimum estimate.
2. There is no evidence that any of the
combat troops of the four Russian, mobile-
armored groups have been withdrawn from
Cuba.
3. Accusations that there was a "photo-
graphic gap" in our military flight surveil-
lance of Cuba are unfounded.
4. U.S. intelligence "freely concedes that,
In terms of absolutes, it is possible that de-
spite our surveillance program, we were mis-
led and deceived" as to whether strategic
missiles and bombers were removed from
Cuba.
5. The "evidence is overwhelming" that
Castro is energetically furthering Com-
munist revolution and subversive movements
throughout the Americas, and this is "a
grave and ominous threat to the peace and
security of the Americas."
The subcommittee made a very thorough
investigation and analysis of U.S. intelli-
gence collection and evaluation processes in
connection with the Cuban crisis. The re-
sults were not encouraging,
The subcommittee reported "a predisposi-
tion of the intelligence community" to the
belief that the U.S.S.R. would not put stra-
tegic missiles in Cuba. This means our in-
telligence evaluators allowed their conclu-
sions to be clouded by wishful thinking. The
history of warfare undisputedly demon-
strates that any nation permitting Its in-
telligence evaluations to be governed by
wishful thinking, rather than cold logic, is
buying a one-way ticket to disaster.
The Stennis subcommittee has been of
historic service to our Nation through its
penetrating and frank report, "The Cuban
Military Buildup." This report should be
the basis for a- reexamination of our entire
intelligence network-and especially of the
techniques used in evaluating intelligence
information. The report should be required
reading for every American citizen.
"Letter to a Member of Congress," and
Editorial in the Mennonite, July 9,
1963
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN BRADEMAS
OF INDIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, July 11, 1963
Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, one of
the most thoughtful -editorials I have
seen with respect to the issue of civil
rights legislation was published in the
July 9, 1963 issue of The Mennonite, a
publication of the Mennonite Church.
The editorial, written by Maynard
Shelly, editor of the journal, follows:
EDITORIAL: LETTER TO A MEMBER OF CONGRESS
This will be a long hard summer for you.
I can see it coming. Besides all your other
duties in theswamps of the District of Co-
lumbia, you now face the matter of civil
rights of our citizens. I guess we all knew
that it couldn't be put off forever. It had
to happen sometime. But what?
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A4583
[From the Times-News, Twin Falls,
July 10, 19631
JUST PLAIN MAGIC
So the Great White Father who runs the
Bonneville Power Administration waves his
magic wand and presto, power bills for the
Raft River REA are cut in half. This seem-
ingly difficult feat Is accomplished merely
by signing up the Raft River REA with Bon-
neville. No, nothing else has changed, just
the amount of the bill.
It's the same power, generated at the
same facilities where the same people are
employed. Costs? Yes, they remain the
same, too.
That's where the magic comes In Pre-
sumably the Bureau of Reclamation was
peddling power to the Raft River REA at
cost before the facilities were taken over by
Bonneville. So how can Bonneville-with
the same facilities, same employees. and same
costs--manage to cut the price of power In
half?
It's quite simple. Bonneville doesn't pay
much attention to the costs of generating
electricity and it's crystal clear there doesn't
have to be any relationship between Bon-
neville's costs and rates. Otherwise, Bonne-
ville could manage somehow to operate In
the black. But Bonneville goes on operat-
ing In the red year after year, and without
having to dig up a red cent for taxes, either.
It might be pointed out that taxes take
approximately one-third of every dollar of
income from private utilties.
So what it boils down to is that taxpayers
all over the Nation are helping pay the bill
for generating that power the Raft River
REA Is getting at half price now.
When you get backstage and look at the
props used by the magician, somehow his
act doesn't look quite the same.
As soon as the Raft River REA gets all
squared around and sets its new rates, It
would be interesting to publicize those rates
and compare them to comparable charges to
the Idaho Power Co.
For Instance, it isn't common knowledge
the Raft River REA has been charging Its
customers more than adjacent users pay to
Idaho Power. And even with Bonneville's
magic bookkeeping, there's a good chance
they'll still be paying more. The last pub-
lished farm residence rate for Raft River
users was 2.09 cents per kilowatt-hour in
1961. Idaho Power was charging similar
users only 1.576 cents per kilowatt-hour at
the same time. Since then, Idaho Power's
rate has been Increased to about 1.69 cents
per kilowatt-hour.
The power rate for irrigators charged by
Raft River in 1961 was 1.20 cents per kilo-
watt-hour, compared to Idaho Power's 0.85
and Its present rate of about 0.92 cents per
kilowatt-hour.
And the average charge for farm residence
of the four REA's serving the north Idaho
area is 1.74 cents per kilowatt-hour.
That's an example of low-cost public
power. And keep in mind the REA's pay
only a token 3'/ percent of their gross In
lieu of taxes.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. M. G. (GENE) SNYDER
OF KENTUCKY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 17, 1963
Mr. SNYDER. Mr. Speaker, a few
days ago several of my colleagues took
the floor of this House to attempt to dis-
credit the Americans for Constitutional
was the proper way to discredit this or-
ganization. This is a tactic liberals gen-
erally call McCarthyism. It was Indi-
cated that several members of the board
of directors of Americans for Constitu-
tional Action may have some connection
with the John Birch Society and even
went so far as to infer that the back-
ground of one of the directors might be
in question because he had formerly been
associated with Freedom Foundation at
Valley Forge. It is interesting to note
that the proposed director of the Presi-
dent's Domestic Peace Corps operation
is also a former officer of that organiza-
tion. I would hasten to add, however,
that from what I know of the Freedom
Foundation at Valley Forge, it is a top-
notch patriotic organization and, quite
frankly, I am convinced at this stage of
the game ACA is in that same category.
I do not question the fact that some
of the leadership of ACA may have some
sort of connection with the John Birch
Society, but I do question the propriety
of equating the ACA with extremism be-
cause of this. In my congressional dis-
trict I know several who are alleged to
be members of the John Birch Society
who are also members of the bar asso-
ciation, but that does not make the bar
association other than a good organiza-
tion. I know several who are alleged to
be members of the Birch Society who
are members of the Rotary Club, and I
would ask: "Should we impugn the mo-
tives of the Rotary Club because of
this?"
I could go on and give other such in-
stances since the local press in my home-
town have devoted quite a bit of space to
"exposing" Birch members. Some are
members of the Baptist, Presbyterian,
Catholic, and other churches. Would my
liberal colleagues condemn these religi-
ous faiths?
As a matter of fact, the following arti-
cle which appeared in a National Re-
view bulletin recently would indicate
that the source of information of the
various attacks on Americans for Con-
stitutional Action Is Group Research,
Inc. It would seem to me that one could
probably do equally as good a job on
Group Research, Inc., and its advocates
as was done on Americans for Constitu-
tional Action and the advocates of that
organization. The National Review arti-
cle is as follows:
Two weeks ago this column discussed the
emergence of a new liberal organization
called Group Research, Inc. GRI's stock-
in-trade is tracing obscure, and sometimes
remote, connections among various elements
of what It calls the right wing, This In-
formation Is used by labor unions and other
forces on the left In their current drive to
head off the conservative movement.
It Is Ironic that GRI's specialty is the study
of Interlocking connections; it has a few of
its own. Operating head of GRI Is Wesley
McCune, former assistant to one-time Sec-
retary of Agriculture Charles Brannan (au-
thor of the ADA-favored Brannan Plan),
and former employee of the National Farmers
Union, the ADA of the agricultural world
(Farmers Union Chief James Patton Is a lead-
er in ADA). One of the Incorporators of GRI
is James Heller, Secretary of the Washington
chapter of the ACLU.
Gilt 1s incorporated as a nonprofit organi-
zation. Its statement of purpose says "the
objects of the corporation are exclusively
educational and no other." Yet it becomes
aparent that GRI is closely Involved in a
political campaign of guilt by association-a
tactic liberals professed to abhor when al-
legedly practiced by Senator McCarthy. In
point of fact, the group is far less an edu-
cational venture than many of the conserva-
tive groups It calls extremist. Its find-
ings are being clearly put to political uses.
The first verifiable public airing of GRI's
researches was a speech delivered October 4,
1962 by Liberal Senator GALE MCGEE, Demo-
crat, of Wyoming. MCGEE attacked the
Washington newsletter, Human Events, and
the Americans for Constitutional Action. His
dissertation followed, from point to point,
the research previously turned out by GRI.
In some places, the wording was almost
identical. For example, on July 20, 1962
GRI produced a special report on ACA. It
says of ACA's staff: "ACA's first organizer ap-
pears to have been John Underhill, of Wash-
ington, D.C. Soon after the opening of the
Washington office, Kenneth Ingwalson, who
had been on the staff of the American Farm
Bureau Federation, became executive director
of ACA. He served until early 1061 and is
currently assistant publisher of Human
Events, which collaborates with ACA. He was
replaced as executive director of ACA by
Charles A. McManus, Jr., who had been with
the ACA staff since 1959."
McGEE's version reads as follows: "The
first paid organizer apears to have been a
John Underhill of Washington, D.C. How-
ever. soon after the opening of the office here,
Keneth W. Ingwalson took over as executive
director. Mr. Ingwalson, as has ben noted
earlier, had been on the staff of the American
Farm Bureau Federation, where he was di-
rector of their special education program.
He served with ACA until last year, and, as I
have mentioned, Is now at Human Events.
Mr. Ingwalson has been replaced as ACA's
Executive Director by Charles A. McManus
Jr., who has been with the organization since
August 1959."
McGEE's fidelity to the GRI materials in-
cludes reliance upon some of its errors. GRI
]iota, as a contributor to ACA, one "Harold
Rousburg." In point of fact (GRI please
note for future use), the gentleman's name
In Ransburg. Evidentally MCGEE took the
material GRI supplied, made a few changes
In phraseology, and stuck the result In the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD as part of a bitter
partisan attack on conservatives. Quite an
exercise in education.
GRI materials have also been popping up
in the publications of the unions. In Aug-
ust 1962, the Labor Beacon published a long
write-up on H. L. Hunt's "Life Line" radio
program. An editor's note preceding the
article accuses Hunt of "spreading poison,"
and says: "Group Research, Inc., has made a
study of these organizations and men. Each
month we will print the history of an organ-
ization and the men behind It so you can get
an Idea of the insidious forces working and
writing to undermine you." UAW's Soli-
darity, house organ of Walter Reuther, has
just run off a four-part series entitled "That
Other Subversive Network," a blanket smear
of conservatives ("Some very rich men would
like to do away with our democracy"). Hunt
is again a major target, and Reuther's In-
debtedness to GRI can be observed in such
things as quotes from Hunt with precisely
the same phrases retained, precisely the same
ellipses Indicating omissions.
Most recent exponent of GRI "research"
has been freshman Representative RONALD
BanoKS CAMERON, Democrat of California,
who took to the floor of the House May 20 to
renew the attack on ACA. CAMERON described
ACA as "a political leech," which "is doing
the Devil's work In American politics." Hav-
ing thus established his own moderation,
CAMERON proceeded to parrot the GRI ma-
terial for the benefit of his House colleagues.
Like MCGEE, he lapsed into the phraseology
of GRI, neglecting to put the matter In his
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 A4582 Approved For Rele~a~lfI~~~QQ$~~RA50022-1
ber industry that are concerned with trans-
portation. And I will.
Let me first tell you of an incident that
happened to me while I was in the Soviet
Union only a few weeks ago. I was. there
unofficially; but as a member of the Presi-
dent's National Export Expansion Council, I
was working hard at discovering new avenues
of trade and at balancing our, export position,
mentally, with what we will be up against
in the years ahead from the Iron Curtain
countries and the other export nations of
the world.
We were taken there to see some Russian
schoolchildren.
They were lined up in front of us and told
to sing. The song loosely translated, told of
the glories of Russia, how they would go on
and grow bigger and stronger in the world,
how they had the finest place to live * * *
and " * * how they would all work for the
future of their communism.
These children were 4 and 5 years old; but
the message being drummed into their heads
was one that I felt we could duplicate in our
own terms, not only to the children of our
grade schools but to everyone concerned with
the economic and financial welfare of this
country.
As a lumberman, my first real brush with
the inadequacies of our transportation sys-
tem when matched against the rest of the
world, began in 1959 and 1960 when I noticed
the big cargo mills in Portland, Oreg., along
the shores of Washington, down the banks of
the Columbia River, going out of business
one after another.
The reason then given, was simple, "Cana-
dian competition." But when we looked, we
found it was not Canadian competition at
all that had shut down more than 200 saw-
mills in the Pacific Northwest; the loss of
some 13,800 mill jobs in a little more than
2 years. It was the inability of our inter-
coastal merchant marine, protected and
nursed by the antiquated Jones Act, to com-
pete with the foreign bottoms of interna-
tional shipping.
Let me explain what is happening. Cargo
mills, those that still survive, must pay $38
a thousand to, water ship their lumber to the
Atlantic coast markets.
Canadian cargo mills, shipping the same
product to the same American lumber buy-
ers in the East can ship their lumber for $22,
at most $24 per 1,000 board feet. The
spread is anywhere from $12 to $14 on a
product, where if you make a $2 a thousand
profit, you are doing well. The result of this
transportation disparity has been the loss of
500 million feet of our market each and
every year since the Canadians took over,
beginning in 1960; it has meant a price struc-
ture that we cannot hope to compete with,
It has resulted in the closures of all but a
few of our cargo market mills, and the shift
of others from cargo or ocean shipping to rail
shipping.
Most of you transportations people are
aware that American mills must ship in
American bottoms in the intercoastal trade
as required by the Jones Act. Efforts of our
industry to repeal the Jones Act or to modify
it have met with the sternest opposition
from the maritime industry and the labor
interests.
Recently, in Washington, I joined with
some other lumber industry' representatives
to discuss the issue with representatives of
the maritime industry on the basis that
both their industry, which has dwindled to
a mere 12 or 14 antique ships in intercoastal
trade, and ours, reduced almost daily by the
low-cost Canadian product, are dying, have
in fact died almost beyond repair.
Our domestic, intercoastal fleet is made
up of World War II Liberty ships, wartime
built and 20 or more years old, ships never
designed for the economic loading and un-
loading of bulk lumber cargoes. The useful
life of a ship is 20, at most, 25 years.
The result is that our loading and dis-
charging costs are as much as $7 to $9 per
1,000 board feet greater than what our
competitors can do with the foreign-built,
especially designed bulk cargo carriers that
are hauling their products to our east coast.
This alone is one major part of that $12 to
$14 price spread I mentioned earlier.
Our maritime friends state bluntly that
if they. had such ships as the foreigners have
in service from Canada's west coast, a for-
eign port, to our east coast, then they could
at least equal the Canadian's loading and
discharging costs.
But the American merchant marine in,-
dustry is required to build their ships in
American shipyards so that a fine, 15,000-ton
bulk carrier costing the Swedes or the British
or the Greeks $5 million in a Japanese yard,
would cost our fleet at least $10 million in
an American yard.
Thcre is a hope that we may some day get
back into this horserace with a piece of
legislation currently coming before Congress
under the guidance of the shipping industry.
It seeks either permission to have our ships
built abroad or a subsidy from the Federal
Government on shipbuilding that would
make up the cost differential between build-
ing in an American yard and the lowest
foreign costs available.
The merchant marine is also seeking to
have lumber classed as a bulk commodity
before the Interstate Commerce Commission,
exempt from the ICC regulations.
The merchant marine spokesmen were
blunt in their contention to us that they feel
ICC regulations, more than any other one
item, has led the demise of the American
intercoastal merchant fleet. Picking up the
cry of our northwest lumber industry, they
said to us: "We ask only the opportunity of
being able to compete on an equal basis. If
we must compete, allow us to compete with
the same types of ships, purchased at the
same capital investment; allow us to compete
without the ICC regulations on our backs
as the foreign bottoms do from Canada to the
east coast, and now from American ports
i IV-
A BiW"1'o Close U.S. Seaports to Foreign-
Flag Vessels Engaged in Commerce
With Cuba
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PAUL G. ROGERS
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, June 26, 1963
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr. Speak-
er, I am today introducing legislation
which would in effect close U.S. seaports
to foreign-flag vessels of nations which
allow their ships to be used in commerce
with Cuba.
This legislation would prohibit any
article from being transported in inter-
state or foreign commerce by such ves-
sels, and would also prohibit the ship-
ment of any article which has been
transported by any such vessels.
The continuing ship traffic of vessels
flying the flags of our allies to and from
Cuba has been steady since the commu-
nization of Cuba. Although the United
States has tried to discourage this traf-
fic, these efforts have not resulted in end-
ing the assistance which our allies pro-
vide Communist Cuba. through use of
their ocean shipping capacity.
July 22.
Cuba being an island makes water
transportation the. most economical
means of supply for that nation. To end
allied shipping to Cuba would put a seri-
ous kink in the Moscow-to-Havana pipe-
line.
I am hopeful that the Congress will
realize the urgency of this situation, and
enact this legislation as rapidly as pos-
sible.
Southern Idaho's New Slogan: "Bonne-
ville, Please Include Us Out"
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN P. SAYLOR
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 16, 1963
Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, this is
the third of a series of articles on why
"Bonneville's multimillion-dollar annual
losses and areas of substantial and per-
sistent unemployment are not wanted
in southern Idaho."
Editorial after editorial, and statement
after statement of various individuals
and civic organizations give ample
testimony to the far-reaching opposition
in southern Idaho to Secretary Udall's
unwarranted action.
On July 8, 1963, I introduced House
Resolution 430 relative to the unwar-
ranted unilateral action of the Secretary
of the Interior to extend the Bonneville
power marketing area into southern
Idaho and parts of Wyoming, Utah, and
Nevada. My resolution provided for an
expression from the House of Represent-
atives that the Secretary refrain from
implementing his order extending the
Bonneville marketing area until proper
investigations, public hearings, and
congressional approval were had.
On July 8, 1963, the same day I intro-
duced House Resolution 430 asking for a
holdup on implementing the Secretary's
order, we find Bonneville executing a
new contract with the Raft River REA
wherein the power bill for that utility
will be cut in half. This action verifies
the heading of my prior series of state-
ments on the subject, "Bonneville Now
Losing Millions Annually-Wants Larger
Area To Lose More In." There can be
no other conclusion when power that was
being sold at cost by the Bureau, of
Reclamation is now being sold by Bonne-
ville at one-half the cost.
What psychic powers impelled Bonne-
ville to execute its first contract im-
plementing Secretary Udall's order ex-
tending the Bonneville marketing area
on the same day I introduced the resolu-,
tion to hold up such action? It could be
that Bonneville is trying to present a
"fait accompli" before any action could
be taken to prevent the implementation
of the Secretary's order.
The Times-News of Twin Falls, Idaho,
questions by what magic can "Bonne-
ville-with the same facilities, same
employees, and same costs-manage to
cut the price of power in half." Its edi-
torial, "Just Plain Magic," follows:
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 ApprfSi0-'? CI~PffEA,ff 383R000200250022-1 A4581
being supersensitive. The executives here
and the secretarial staff welcomed me, and
I forgot the rest of the people in the build-
ing."
Mrs. Harris has worked very hard ever
since she left commercial high school 22
years ago in Atlantic City.
There have been many slights along the
way, she admits, but these have not made
her bitter. She has always tried to see
the funny side of her situation.
"Without a sense of humor, a Negro would
just disintegrate." she says.
She cites her first job in Washington
when she became the first Negro stenogra-
pher In the old Railroad Retirement Build-
ing in 1941. Later two other Negro stenog-
raphers joined her. All three found It tough
going.
The trouble was with their boss, a lady
from New York, she says.
"She kept down-grading us until she had
us working down In the basement," says Mrs.
Harris. "We merely stuffed envelopes on the
night shift."
The threesome took their grievances
around the building, but nobody was inter-
ested until their New York supervisor was
replaced by a lady from Nashville, Tenn.
"You learn a lot of funny things about
geography," recalls Mrs. Harris. "We took
our problems to our new boss from Tennes-
see, and in a week she had us back upstairs
at our regular jobs in the stenographic pool,
working daytime hours."
The irony of the attitude of the lady from
the "more liberal North" in comparison with
the justice of the lady from the "more
racially prejudiced" South still has Mrs.
Harris chuckling.
Mrs. Harris feels that she has been un-
usually lucky. She has risen steadily from
one good job to another. But the average
Negro girl finds herself "virtually excluded
from jobs In private Industry, especially in
those firms that handle defense contracts,"
she says.
"There is an adequate supply of Negro girls
with training for these jobs, but they never
get called," she adds.
She attributes her own philosophy about
the racial situation to her father, the late
Theodore Sawyer, of Washington, who be-
came the first Negro prize fight referee here
and managed several boxers.
She agrees with President Kennedy that
the great hope for the future of the Negro
lies In better education.
She is giving the best education possible
to her 12-year-old daughter Lisa. The child
graduated from Green Acres School, a private
school In Bethesda, and wound up her first
year at Backus Junior High with a straight
A average this year. She has passed all tests
for entrance into the National Cathedral
School for Girls. And her mother, who didn't
make college herself, fully expects that Lisa
will.
Mrs. Harris deplores one fact of American
education for whites as well as Negroes.
"The schools teach only that the Negroes
were freed as slaves." she says. '"They don't
teach anything about what the Negro has
contributed to this country. They will have
to start to do this so that the Negro can take
pride In his race and want to add more to
that achievement."
SPEECH
OF
HON. WILBUR D. MILLS
OF ARKANSAS
IN THE HOU 3E OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tue . iay, July 16, 1963
Mr. MILLS. Mr. Speaker, I cannot
let this occasion pass without joining
with my colleagues in paying my respects
to the venerable- and respected senior
Member and dean of the House of Rep-
resentatives, the beloved, admired, and
respected CARL VINSON.
As the late Speaker Rayburn used to
remind us, it is a high honor and respon-
sibility to be elected once to this House-
CARL VINSON has been sent here 25 suc-
cessive times by his constituents of the
Sixth District of Georgia. This record
speaks eloquently for itself.
Among all the distinguished individ-
uals who have served in this body I know
of no one whose contributions to the
public interest and the Nation's defenses
have been greater than those Of CARL
VINSON. He towers like a mighty oak.
His legislative achievements span a half
century, and cover a multitude of sub-
jects, because his interests have been as
broad as our great Nation.
I sincerely want to say that during
the entire course of my service in the
House of Representatives I have never
seen Chairman VINSON unprepared on
any piece of legislation. We have all
learned from his high example. We have
tried to follow the pattern he has set.
I extend to you my most heartfelt
respects and congratulations on this
memorable occasion.
Freeman Tours Wrong Area or "If You
Can't Win One Way, Try Another," by
Orville
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PAUL FINDLEY
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 9, 1963
Mr. FINDLEY. Mr. Speaker, if Sec-
retary of Agriculture Orville Freeman
wants a break from his legislative and
administrative chores, he could take a
listening trip through America's farm-
lands rather than visiting the Soviet
Union.
"No Mail From the Fans," a timely and
worthwhile editorial from the July 7
issue of the Chicago Tribune, is given
here:
No MAIL FROM THE FANS
Secretary of Agriculture Orville Freeman
finally emerged from the retreat where he
has been licking his wounds from the wheat
referendum to say there Is little evidence
that farmers want a new wheat program.
With an air of studied innocence, he said the
farmers haven't been writing either to him or
to Members of Congress since the wheat
vote, which blasted administration efforts to
put them under tight controls.
Moreover, said the Secretary, Congress Is
In no mood to waste any more time on wheat
legislation. He Indicated he has no plans
for such legislation, although his Depart-
ment has been studying possible alternatives
to the defeated program that might be ap-
plied under present law.
This is an Interesting change of attitude
from the one Mr. Freeman displayed last year
when he didn't wait for mail from the coun-
try before forcing Congress to authorize
the controversial wheat program. Instead,
he personally led a covey of high-pressure
salesmen from his Department and the White
House to Capitol Hill to blackjack recal-
citrant Democrats and some Republicans into
voting for the proposal farmers subsequently
rejected.
Since the referendum, three major bills
to authorize a new wheat program have been
introduced by Senators and Representatives
who, presumably, are acting on behalf of
their rural constituents. One bears the
endorsement of the American Farm Bureau
Federation, which represents several hundred
thousand wheat growers among its 1.6 mil-
lion member families. Mr. Freeman, of
course, doesn't want any of these measures,
because they all propose voluntary and
fewer controls on agriculture instead of the
compulsory restrictions he favors.
What the administration really wants, if
it thought it could get away with It, Is to
avoid any new legislation and let wheat
prices drop substantially on the 1964 crop.
Then, according to this strategy, the ad-
ministration will answer cries of economic
distress by holding another referendum so
farmers can approve the discredited control
program they have just turned down.
This strategy fits in with the month-long
trip to Russia and four Eastern European
Communist countries the Secretary is start-
ing July 13. That leaves little time for him
to help work any new legislation through
Congress before the trip and little time after-
ward before Congress adjourns, preoccupied
as it Is with civil rights and other matters.
Mr. Freeman could spend that month to
better advantage on a trip through the rural
areas of this country talking with American
farmers. That is, unless the purpose of the
Russian junket is to find out how the Soviets
manage to keep their own farmers from
jumping over the traces.
Ocean Shipping and the Lumber
Industry
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. MAURINE B. NEUBERGER
OF OREGON
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, July 22, 1963
Mrs. NEUBERGER. Mr. President,
competitive disadvantages are imposed
on a segment of the Oregon lumber in-
dustry by requirements of the Jones Act
which forbid use offoreign vessels in our
intercoastal trade. Canadian competi-
tors can trim shipping costs by about
one-third by using foreign bottoms to
ship lumber from British Columbia to
our east coast markets.
A constituent, Mr. Robert F. Dwyer, of
Portland, discussed the effect of the
Jones Act on west coast lumber opera-
tions at a recent transportation and
management conference under auspices
of the Graduate School of Stanford Uni-
versity. Mr. Dwyer, a lumber manufac-
turer, is a knowledgeable spokesman for
the industry and has devoted much time
and energy to analysis of lumber indus-
try problems. I ask unanimous consent
to include in the Appendix, an excerpt
from his recent address.
There being no objection, the excerpt
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
TRANSPORTATION AND MANAGEMENT PROGRAM
(An address by Robert Francis Dwyer, vice
president, Dwyer Lumber & Plywood Co.,
Portland, Oreg., delivered to the Graduate
School of Stanford University)
I was asked to come here today to discuss
some of the problems of our Northwest lum-
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