THE LIE-DETECTOR ERA

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000100370011-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 10
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 29, 2004
• Sequence Number: 11
• Content Type: REPORT

7~t
pprov For Release 200 4/21: CIA-RDP66B00403R009990 7 tzteosive poly-
e ie- erector ra graph programs .at tae ; Qak Ridge
Ce a Lot Easier, and It Don't Leave
(k W.W- *nnit jp 6LSdiraV
011
larks'
1'residea~tt,~.t#fsr~att;~tsydCr tr,".1Tncd
us arrax of is here to stay. tour hundred or to ttgamincri now the 19813 040400M ?i ihe.Academy
Ir is *swly but surely worming giving liedete'ction ? testa are aide- at Scientik **ten iiow: It takes
its way Ifato the cartceruus and pear- quately qualified. The human ele- just a` lair t'eea'A fim more Con.
adtkal habits of deception which ment, in resort, is at once a1l?isnpor- greunnest tse+tan . of ,4: fi.. to just
bast been gnawing Insidiously at the taut and deficient. treacle athtt. ~pbaa oft the head.
ekkis of hta7natn society for untold We have , .. a v ytltrilr that is
cent{tri.J' Taus one of the pioneers rF%tr Mow . szrrz current problem, htemani pbte a to liver *bat Ibis
In He detection, the late Dr. William J i ppolygtaphy, dwrefom is how doesn't LpPett: , - . A "t pPe m who
Moultow Maasto*, im his authorita- to set and maintain professional pr as alMais F are,, Of such
the book. The Lie $ elector Tea standards. It was chiefly this problem Nandard :Od. E. a Tally
*,*.ha d IL Smitb, 1938). that led to the lounding in 1947 of at Well as I t*i ly, albeit atba good
"Lifting our gaze to farther heed- the International Society for the Do-. damse' of tbelIeAc r.iepeuteued...
pm bllitieu for world-wide applica- "Truth Throtch Science." The 'a~ttian ;# `+3 t. the
$lo i of ft .1 ~.
tltadat start a-pyleaie. etargartinatictts`s - tsaaaae lei: i+a:reetsly " : . ,. eat:" a n-
Ime poMMBrllitits West (I) in been changed to the A demy ate 1 able Lai word.
"littfipatae ~every tandidate Scientific Interco ttion. " allsa+e lsntliati e' aroma
14* public dice had to take a Lie De- The Academy now has about 150 it can bt used a ecdvelp-sot deceat-
tettar examination an his past rec. memben and puts out a fascinating 17e--40 u 48*
;deb political
er4 :') t ?(!j "in marital and do. Bulletin, which includes fail teparta and; s;mof.,At great
;;ti; affairs" (to find out what an meetings (except the one in mumbers at &is*" ata,bappen to
people really think of each other) : Louisville last year-somebody stole wpilk or hetppeh ID wrist 10wnork. for
a `U 0" A Inottve for moral `the tape recorder) as well as mined- !fir siaest'Far,avietal years
education ... It is one thing for a; laneous news items, such as the ceps ter, distlf t t have been
youngster to feel wtatgise, wieasjr' stir- bout t'ft+e we of the polygraph floating arou 1Ats ilq earn . about
, 10
of coswpcience wlhcnzhe lies or clear rite manage of .,,else Buff* the assBer1 j*4ni'J.iMj=*iW eared by
Cats or Wk,; It is snubs atsother Bisons of tfw charge of ttn g in ' He4 tectiam iaealas. i .41 sr
thing for him to know that he will umpire's face. The But gin also di- Par'ofessot lit d-lL 3rabmt, s widely
caught whenever he is lod vulges wicks of the trade moo o s #eqxvwd'& eappalmr with
take a Lie Detector test"
`. ` as . this one reported by SherM John ' L Reltvt aiaa and
Aim ,? c - Usppi~an stissonel Far "Buckshot" Jane of W~}zrtpn Cou i>;rinnsainssl =ulna`sharpie
I aai~raataff ato.brotdc tafiu uphs, ty. Texas,, who ran uuiuco asfuljy #arftitlaett etiw? ow. of
profession of late gran has been for Congress Irs.l952: "In gy detic- 'atittgtialii d I raraineed"
the defensive. it not In * state for room. I have awotliitwq but chars s. si6t atf :^' we4fstre
i Al. - the ?polXrapb, the most ways, in a my prominent
spot,
cpmmoply 9" type of tic detector, Bible. I fomod the Si* works
b*tn relined end improved since . beside the na chine.. I use
18 by a series of reputable crimi- Bible as a last resort just prior
_.~ ~..p+7Lf +C?1?" s''``,.e Fe
faI?i1n ~Imoaptrorrattlbla
Ijbir u M.
Wf rec sdd
prods about ten per cent on the In Gove'/AmeAtr.. t
nslachine and about ninety per cent ;show s, a realization.
oh the training, skill, experience. What was a few years ago the grqt. ? Nowr *at . fiats
Ad responsibility of the examiner est triumph of the ji dtt - *s '? _ .. ` 1k . de-
w*so used 4g i i use y~g+ap's
ui memEi # "' a:f le z des w ruts b r ie;
jv*%,Tly about one tenth of the `121S stow become the prof
M , " I-tteeilbetetrFilmrselt."
bet ul. Ciutr c urM. 1w su W work Who I. can dP It"e we A
atomic-bomb plut was discontinued
last year as being Ineffective in de-
tecting i the meth-
w`e caused a
astd even
,pAw
efltb natitwp, Iart tasiCe atfsat saw~esc?
w, altneiFdrir`einet+eff pop I it.
spondble lbt %be: sipm l I ed oar
t .a . tee,;deeelapa a
teal at 6601htlrVetvde#dadability of
;bc asxirtt..with?Dr. Mar- hpokinz up the subject far the 49t- Ile dssew1sw4&vd*vwJw ism*
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 rtrll o.c iewtaa S% f1as' ff~~f 1 '~ Ali r 6 ~b~
POMIUM can be 4 gk_ sere cur ty Agency, w PO gra
tlutrsoraitttrft bashhash defense its have in a relatively short tinge
thgeacies thir Qpetadoets Research aroused more distrust and hatred of
Oise (oaoN the Ceti Intelligence
Agency (CIA), and the Natiwlal Se-
ttarity Aperky {teed). The Army feet up
ldJun+L .
H a dribm
division, in` the fail of 194$ tender
contract with Johns Hopkir s Unbar
icy. Usto's o4 some three bbundred
apply swalentti& methods to the tsolu
don of problems of combat warfare.
As the organlntion expanded from
the original snail group most of
whma kattw inch other, they them-
selves? according to Dr. L H. ` Rum-
l augliw, a phsyrneiu who is is deputy
director, decided ao introduce the
polygraph at an .added security
cheCL fai 1950. Kasen Chatham,
who wiuabea she dhid of the Atomic
)rsnergy Cosamlasioe's Hack Ridge
polygraph operation. began outing
ono personnel; be still spends several
daagt a creek ettattcsintit stew 4ilto1tin-
ployces and also " aetnasing" every-
body tin in albs organization on the
,
machine twice s year.
An 194C the cm, which as the
same suggests tthgasts in espionage,
both stray ht and counter decided
to see the its own 110detection pro-
gram, ; "Wbsiie as worker h cot-
peled so submit to the device's
estimate of his veracity," reported
the Army Times of December 11,
1949, "a iaety`nine per ceat of the
agency's employees have undergone
the test voluntarily, including Ad-
miral Roscoe #iillrnkoetter, bead of
the CIA." Allen Dulles, present head
of .Hirt agcy, recently told U.S.
News & World Report that "on
the whole" taw bad found the poly-
graph "`helpf'ul," adding, "you should
remember that we never use lie-de-
sector results as conclusive. It merely
gives clues to be followed up in other
ways;, particislarly the ordinary meth-
ods of questioning ... it has saved
us a good many headaches, and has
also helped establish the innocence
of some people who were falsely
accused:'
Mw N.SA Ohasehhesr of $errs
The methods used in the Asher and CIA
lie detection progrAmns, so far as can
be establIshe& have evoked little ob-
jection from the "subjects." (Some.
of course, may have objected to the
whole idea of such tests.) The case
their trade than aft their colleagues
put together. - r,
The xsA, known until recently as
is a,, highly .;4ected-re cluuPtt-'"tl e
most silent of the its tugs ages-
ties" It Is believed to- t.t
where between fottr'.a-4 ei bi !
are really
etpetlid*iss,
specially doling', Abe rz#wkusidon
puiod" before the ae echhie Is start-
ed, to see what dirt 420 Ve turned
sue on the tetfsie ' aaste!!f' dk* kends.
hfea of tritai ltsswt i oil on
NtA. The a it1ous be-
cause, alt ough "sae{the#', Dt
am. klichiid, e` ih~ k Aii
g?'
ernment serrate, bolt " t' `warned.
'like all who Ta the 'ns~t "tests.
nrvtr to mentibu the fa tthat they
bail done One s ; neat
with
"Now Aet-on
ab surd i ee 'very
art of undergoing `?t ..,met was
Jai Doe tester I a
syfvvania Republic , gsWI f b with
W id eniplosaea, g . _ It itjrs . ritsfa tehil a amity
been said, in breaking foreign codas. t earanre, She J other
` %
,(Although xsw cartes tectetiveness
nc ar tines, were 'tallied ,to a
has far that it warns its employees
not even to speak its awwesome name
outside the premises, the `ex rt: loca-
tions of the latter--4000 Atliugtcnt
Hal!, 3901 Nebraska Avenue, and
1436 "U" Street, NW.-as well as
the names of all its key employees when or 'it tnum ?' tea
may be found quite easily in the
Pentagon's telephotos _dirrcun .
The MIA lie-detection pmgnam
was begun early in 1931 by hiring,
at salaries of 36,400 a year, six. et-
andners, none of whom, it is said,
had more training than a six weeks'
course at the Keeler school in Chi-
cago. which had fallen into dis-
repute after the death at its founder
in 1919. These alleged examiners
proceeded to seat every re* employer,
and they or their'lttccesaon have
tested every new employee taken on
since then. Their methods havt1aeen.
to put it mildly, appalling. -"r,
- "If they think they are getting
information, they are mistaken," a
Hector -test! r in o e~r ttr : ~p
voluntary, VW, d:~xpl&ittsed. t ting.
W"a"r, that he Hafly lira'ftlti~`t say
take the tests would get k -
ances. The g'roup` "" fitttit rd
unaniirttsly to set,
A few days later, Mi
room and seated in front `of
behind which weft
a beefy individual wham
fled as an ex-con from his
*inner a It
pointy ljitig.'
to ftttd you affil.'` ("The t r
by his friendly milt ''* naLes
to reassure the Wit' 1 b#tn
at ?his lase," writes 11: Lee
in The Instn nentel 3 el Etig . a
Drreptlew. fur of
former employee has observed.
stability' Another- theory Is that
the tests are a !kind of haring. dte-
signed not to find out anything
about security risks but to intinti-
date the newemners and break diem
to harness. .A third theamy-since the
tests make no sense in terms of their
ostensible purpse. etir`h theories are
h~rhftrtedhgra`
which
i t ~Ones
l 'Is your 1 ,urge i sort ,rind
"Did eat ?;breakf ~t
misted in With ?"
Else ave. `Mners` with
Cork mums " ~,Aie ;I u a
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 halic?," "Are you a daps: addict?."
As you a h uai?," and Are
.ycsts Is any way subject to. black-
a"?" He explained that she toast
.aaswcr Yes or No to each question.
At this point Miss Doe -began to
get a little annoyed. After a
Turn' ;shr s h she questions and y
;was lusive tracing =etch as 40
.b}w .so: tell who is a t,atntnunut
who;isa'i, the examiner; wrapped
o?-preaure ,garciget r around
,lr m? .hor*ed the pucumogra
_OW .yam her ttseat. and attached cite
qkctrode to bq-hapd~
ta"ne was started, the pent began
pia trace, their lines one the graph
paper. and the examiner began to
the questions again. The whole
test tits about ten minutes, she
cans orjat rr would have if she
,brad pot bad a bad case of hay fever
dit,.,day., ao that every im , site
Best a ,pttaclr~sast _ ,atppear Gad _ on
VVII and the process bad to be
b all trvez ; again. $y . tie: time
Abe f WAS Over, she kit that she
had won the slight consolation of
having irritated the examiner almost
as muck as he had irritated her.
'Los kitg back on it," Miss Doe has
staid. Its not the results of the test
I ,lest to--I must have passed with
Jll colors. since I sot top-secret
tretttsjd as a suspected liar and
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established the minute he entered a good deal .1 PrW ao both of thet11
the room. "My examiner looked Mr. Roe eapilaiatted,, Rather tries'
and acted like a desk sergeant. He lo-"drM aft,* IOW. . Luck of em
fixed me with a suspicious scare, y"- tbtas bek*i studied Marx
didn't shakehands, smile, or evert R .:,tie end +pa equentlh
introduce kitnself." ., ("An eXaminr this with
t ~irdtt~. -.by "Cow
*aun " . tihta ni Marx's
irsttt(," i e.ca et asdy say be
~ ', tome and un-
If the teen
Awl" Rogan con-
a..
,,i. obliged co
be k*, : eIt petlteti~
lst ; never
been s,i I{lgrlsltexviks.
par t e inquisi
toe's .bead mtYy, `sassgitiny
asttuisd Ji i admI Ia the branches 01
ai : taits.rnMM .trttl. ' 1 got she iw
pcesrdon dI*t it wed sayont?
who hail fait be i#+so
*We a ,ltislt :sad. also that
*sllstsiptettisive,
typee. had Is cake tbtt,.test three more
d each, 'rte w .ih "all9guou'
results. Alter each sink his wcurjt%
officer tried so perm"At hiss to resign
quietly, t us stwsi ishg a poasibk
t ice. b d, The sec u c'
se "i r sl a.1
trouble
ivl~
'o06 411G. R . was finalh
ttM ado's belied.
Asti lw;:hwntd
The Ordeal of Richard Roe
ftis~hard Roe took his test in' the
Eon of 1951. Like Miss Doe, he had
.been working for several months at
NSA but ha,' not yet been cleared.
Also like her, he is a college grade.
Ate-al political science auajo --and
was interrogated by an examiner
who may or may not have gone to
highs school. (The work at arse de-
sawusds people of high i.neikctual
~ttalikadons, a fact hopelessly in
,aQolli. _ with the personnel chief's
camas gs far innocents unexposed to
"iced" ideas; the pot ph staff
m eis that cer's standars, but
t vtxy fact o& makes it ct ct it for
tistpp to communicate with the pep-
,le;titey are supposed to test,) "J was
even eager, to L*C the out
I believed in its scies$i6c at-
says Richard Zoe.. ""But
y through. I felt, like scone
tiog tried in a Moscow purge..
th#rd-degree atutihere was
rintnt be an Intelligent erson
k- A-
THE SUPER-W N
tcwrc of years + is ;
ad P ~ .. cant out a Nory i
carving a,.' toy pout;' td ntlkd
only as "a Now York I 1 1, 11
Aa-i. - + L..i :..~..~
a *.arw tta
and
corm
equip
which might b? to sabosuga,
"Wkh a ballali I" tat kMd,' Mr.
Mr belch, , exit twtt atss $bo o
2,000 parsons a day, about we
awry ttltns. atfatd ~ Anise jVt+r
osspart opinion holds that ne ataars-
ingful tact can be cendocsed in
loss than about forty-five mInutrs
Mr. P"
be rgv t .gvlr pas ns diet die sitbloco answer f" or Mr to
b
fuse three questions i
"Did you Gat breakfast todayr
'Ara you in d w rMpfelr of awry
crawl in hie prap~osal--~1A/a'd
have Ih0 ants. rsrntth is 1Mir bobs
the v t cuts we asars.r_# others
to have been stilhborn, Perhaps it
was too conipilcatod. Lot us refer
to pope lid of Loe's bts rumsrntal
Dahction of Dacapeon for on out.
first of "a tpastionme
whldi Is btidt one
may be just what we card in fish
Coen" todayr._flso ottb;ad is to be
"Are you bwWowwr
Yr
we
nt a aMtplr
with a reasonably gaud,
ayd atiotssl
background, preferably s7pllegtt tsa In-
l g. He should have . ,r. ,. l
ability to "get along' with
and to be well liite4,.
trctian and Critrwin.J Is
by 1=4p a .3 ..sf,
One of the qi? tip ;an ate, ~Ib
the era miter Presented to Uri 1tW'
was, "Have, you ever Deep,
sheds to riiiitiitt??' ,;i . ptu
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era < pI1
wars str?.>s 14 ndl,.at+de sintair to
mw Die's- and Mr. ?t e'&.--The cx
attuiMtri? wee so have lased just
: :; : qof inew poly-
gsapb tech. ; The - ` questions
roarer *fa* c ueemedy o ue--"Have
yes: screen .at tan. you were
or bier'
with
.M psi
?S' e4tat'natlon.
tit eMta 'b gtsous,
,fly sneer
00
 A* : bhfty ,got the one about she was lying when she said No men conducti some of these exami-
-Wtist 'i emAa trt laed Eoi hficlelase 3085 "2AlhCh?rFd1R&6i~lQQr#Q OQA9i~3 I( 1 Life `or`'111no ;experience
cl stioni Malated. "But the ex-
atnltset refused -he couldn't we why
if I WOW aoteen' l foul d ft hard to
antwa r:. - weren't to tit i pots
et ills" . i'eaat 1 j ,vvir-
W Pyriilgl I is"
Aidible Wills tsae
+triaratxtiner'lttt it
eieata tr 'alt tfa l times "'M is not
to saw br iit, ts4p iir` t wftse
tae
tfi+jb at it ining
ld ' ' r ttoKdlkt
gummy
iitll''trtste 1 P N*
1, 1 i s to rtti ft--W#1-
o Marton; of cit.)
0111., ON I A ...
Altlarrotaglt of are - manuah urgr the
era' cry to reduce" rather
than An=
ettia~tian 11 t+ttisiotz, ao
that atigowww t reaction? are not
tasked by krelevutt Quest. the MA
> heavily On what is
known ttefttvotably in the trade as
t e IPQ ? (Eaburrasdog Personal
Quest#crts iedsnique. EPQs a re grit
+eralfy d1r eitetd to the rNar+e intimate
Aspects of the tobject"s sex life. Wom-
en an tart to resent being asked,
by a image darn. questions like (to
in m a ried girls) "Have you eser
dept with 'a aanr--at im t irne is
reported i& have walked out at this
pnllt_.ad to married womeny'Did
yew sleep With your husband before
yata - weW 'married?" Reaction to
PP%, tribatlr and Reid hate writ-
ten, "k not tlignificant for any peat'.
sksl rwretn [ purpose. Moreover, it
can be mridtwding:... The factors
of surpritse, , anticipation, ; embar-
rassraent, eft., which constitute the
sttimulat effect of a 'penonil em-
banaw1ng' ?question, art totally`dit
letent and unrelated to those in-
volved about a question about the
offense (e.g. burglary) under lnvesd?
gation. For control purposes the
esearnincr alight just as web set off a
br+ectacter.'Ti
'-Tate foibtotr of tr%A it full of
ita rles' Awmit Giese bests: the O dice
telle'.'att1i6MkieM young thing who
*#A, A" V the liked girw, kid got
Into u+oabft ft en en sloe'saki of course
the did:-the married woman who got
one eittmai4er tired becatne sifter he
had asked qtr "Hare you ever'thea-t-
ad' 4n #but husband?" he told her
a date; and the leering assumption . .. also that the fa, ph tests
on the part of the examiners that were being used WOW' ly
In de-
,
anyone who had spent much time tertnining whether or - aan apppli-
abroad especially in Paris, was Pant mould be "Mr. Clsat-
a Don Juati, a pervert, at booth, m idrr a .- nd
These stories _ e 't tt ~ were
M
.. f
t,,Yphall the ?iiAl.. point th
1~~~ Tt W
t
told-and ved-
t his feeling
agency. Horror tale about tote per- ` h en (he Left if~Etsti outd
graph department at 1436 `U" Street' e..t E tatty
(a heavily guarded building be such 1a aft
'
tween a gas station diet an under-
Was
taker's parlor) are a staple of con- ec
versation. There
now and then tm
E+oing to be rettjpOrM~ttnttall 1%Z
walthough thin` done at Oak etas tie
never been tried at xaa. W h letreral aspects ,
old emph ets wo 1, likely to islues there air tWna
provoke a mass ettod ost of the Mr.. Chas #;'be to
employees tesent bitterly the fact don b . at s a `tsp.
g a test, represented as a routine to tjt,"elf of no i
be a third degree.
whop Sao' tit 1-f l s :fever
. .j,' beer date tto , i* hi nWc
RESV TMt IT over the tests bad be- nu than the
chew an 2T1L.Ollmh' U44,Mw s t'i~- lest in ewsald
months of their inception-probably .. th`
nothing has caused so much l jiectf a
that were Inppcr tl b ghten u s
security there-that in the fill - l hied stud t*
(Russell Chatham, john- Reid, and claim this'(sAt despera
George Haar) -fit In ad
discaa rise problem. "lit 'tits tii
that Mr. Chatham would to +lrasb.
ltti,;ion and etpress their dig4satunE itn the t4a 'r. AAhAh
and runcern at die manner in which According the lllt;Iritatxr
tht,e tests were yiettig hindle&' bet O UV* t'sa St# ttd+ pr
one of uteri hat slate. ;?wtrttten: i hlrett tl t>>it l
Slid
i dates
cured
The gnu -W
But evert the P,*t#twes
ment'i swat** I
w urhy" 1iltdenrfi
the bf Mir' : iiflr
It `'nett
1e
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 c ol5cers tend to =c wtue 4w wwww vmpr F ?t..?."'-""--
the tivt point y
1,107 low had b
t .,
taAtutt.,ianst im graphists to the. ireas~ausc
s and that questions about sex act had -. , .
CowAwv%*w the
' such violent reactions. JP almost torah' i '
tics bzve ev bad in this land of the job '. miry . .. 1 p thi 0 std -
~maw
writ #~
.Y "Yf i 8 bf Y. - ; ... Was
01
11i a t'F: 1; ft +
instrument shows in N0' SAW
h
e
says t
ing that man was or was not a, c c
kart
f
at
deviate." .In the cases o
ind was showrn so
was
itsea ~:
e
'laser Sid i s
},
u
1
F.
a
no (Ye ~hTlR
-
hat ~` (NO)
l
b
a
t
we of the wp
this po
d a voe v kt ? beg government Jalit what
means in human *Pd moral term b ,. 494W .L 'ah- M as
'to j.; ]. -lYt by the A ;jog., *j*qft s #.6i.
f; ~bota in Mc asAtc OOa em- 4P * '
a-rear
~ ~etianeow k:~aWa 1
wrho l~tisc
l
t"` t
y
arce
f l50 th p
iw
o,e Mocah" test a=,o. sll7 then, cmdmL.'f? an
.
a_!Zt.t.I!ai_.? >~not dic bb
MWCWW la
cases? slat of thda Ong charges DepartW r taoabw - - - - . Had
"Amul, do, I
':
f ts - fat ti~we +
y
at+e o
[
o? ~oe~1
insists offert
btu of any ! .
.,a mart bftr;ist siaae 1950- individual bast bow
100
p
'`coral LnIcq.+e d aas .
when the mbjom re, chcst- seat in know any d these hem ~t she 410uld I b asrw .
# cttMaaa- The AgUlT 're'ins ~- itt- beftu 41 '.se It list
le C- r"40
--1116 ... softn-
t
sement
a
a s
liow, t '
t a
C'arthy fth ll
reques
s
jt that ttct~t. . Glenn ' '~ , d
ific distitfa is- subnrbanioe,
laws
with
dsst MOW %"M be cote- 4++e be +ssas
It 11 &.mk W
art interview +- a` a lie-
who told him that ~-1 liar
formation bad been sssoeivod Asta
b ??atae
www the Palwwh ;an ~
laoenasexual tendencies. Onthis bin.. Mx. Tweed ba k ~ s ~,. s
Approved For Release 2005/04/21 : CIA-RDP66B00403R000100370011-7
 64y"u(fFA-FB 153R 0i1( " P . er can
t` F F as 0
,
I datbcred that you e c arges against you vs a e at peeress time. As?ay "suit,
t 'l,!laa~~c
4ft that ceawtcl~:. ~i:
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 Approved
more and more general(', accepted
practice."
chaos
In Washington
When Anthony Leviero of the New
York Times was preparing his pio-
neer survey of the government use
of lie detectors bark in Decem.
ber, 1951, he discovered that p.oh-
ert Ramspeck, then chairman of the
U.S. Civil Service Commission, was
not even aware that tie detectors
were being used anywhere in gov-
ernment service. Neither Chairman
Ramspeck nor his successor, Philip
Young, once apprised of the facts,
has announced any regulations about
the use of the polygraph, although
the Commission is supposed to set
conditions of employment (or the
more than two million Federal work-_ ers. This is typical of the chaos,
confusion, inctifferettee, and igno-
rance that has prevailed in Wash-
ington on the subject.
Why, for example. do CIA and .'5
screen all new einplosees on the
px)l,.Krap)h. while a half doieaa other
agencies that also handle highly t las-
sified material-notably the Nation-
al Security Council, -whose small
staff is privy to more top-secret data
than any other group in Washing
ton-make no use of it for that pttr-
pxre? Why does the Navy use it in
security cases, but not, at least rt-
cording to their sliokesmen, the
Army or Air Force, who say the use
it only in criminal iarvestigationsi
%Vhv do the State Department and
the U .S. Information :\gen(% use
the des?ice but not the foreign Op--
erations Administration?
There is no agreement esen among
Federal law-enforcement agent ies
on the use of the lie detector in
criminal case'. Post Office ins11v(-
tors and the Treasury's Set ret
Service have their own machines
and make frequent use of them.
while the Internal Revenue I)c-
partment and the Bureau of Nar-
cotics don't. And the most hallowed
of all law-enforcement agencies, the
sat, has consistently taken a slim
view of the gadget. Although no
agency is a more tempting object of
Communist infiltration than the Felt,
it does not screen its employees on
the polygraph, nor does it empic
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the Ife\ Ilt' ill 11% tit (1.1 It'. 1R\c`.t-.43 t)i ,It ill a 1,-t?1,'',,,, ' "... ..'-..-- -
titms 'I s'.... (! n(.vcr .rcie})t tht. con to and was executed for the murder
,fusion of .1 he .r'ect'a, as pr(oil of (if Mildred llallutark, but who had
inn?lenre ()1 guilt." J F.I}~at 1iooser been able to pass a lit-detector test
)i
C itt IiB tS x his t tofughtta wherever
fold a 'tiett".tte tt}ntnttitt 1 7y keep
u kilt NI it
d " `
h
ie
e ?+ s as
' t
",All that It catt l}c yelled is a a
'~ffi-ldred he had
b v; drecl or} 1t1 c)er
.
chalogical aid. k, :;nt#t
confidence in it as specifically Pro*-, own.: ttitttt,or tsgs vthl Chang
ing anything.'
k:arly in 145`2, (.
muted P. R.adwan
Iroin 11u11.tlo, New York, in trod uct dl
a bill ill the House setting up a
committee to investigate the use of
the lie detector in goseranrtetlt serve-
ice, if find out it it was effective,
in security screening. And, it so, to
establish rules for its use and Ior,.,
the n-nteolion of enlplotices
took the test. Nothing further,,I~ta$
been heard of this trill, nor has Sen-
.tu)rMorse followed up on his pr+)ttt?
itit >"alone, tout iti itsg "An un-
e
trained [our emphasisj :subjct can
Ss)1dnsCusly Willi-
tscie
_kl
E
t
_e his ood pressure reactionso
ex;uniticr
Even when the eubject is not try-
ing to _bcatt tlse ttniithine, a wide
variety 4 . tondk otw tan interfere
with accurate-mutts.; Thus a draft
of a set es~ nstru`eit)its an 1)oh
graph work stain to be i ijed by the
ostisf` a al`s o[ lc e
warns against tt'. - se on xtltt> a with
or of highly net-vtlus oriixcitable dis-
positions;"ter th1}e?:iddicted to drug`.
Such temporary, to-editions, the draft
points out, ? as drunkenness, colds,
coughing spells, asthma. hiccups, has
fever, and other allergies render a
p12je l 't (''t , tint . "`Do not,..
say the instrii bt(ns,fa11 to' consult
then am r heft ?au t n doubt
jn
about a persrn's1ueas td ta' a .the
test. If there is still a doubt, the ex-
urn [tier should consult a -medical
isv to investigate further artd intro
(tutu- onre(tisc legislation if tleces
sal..
How it, Beat the Machine
The thief reason the Atomic k.tleFrgy
(:onirni?ion gale for tetlttimtting
the big ()ak Ridge pn uam &fter
.esen years was that the tests had
sitnl,Iv not turned out to lie cffec
ti.e in se(rlrity scivenitlg It is not
hart( to we wily. An enemy agent
sent into a war plant or a. sensitive
gavel meet apt ncv where poly
gi ap,hic screening took place would
most certainly f _r? in?ct,fxt sea s to,
ways.
Pain is a kir d of emotion alit
hence registers on the gtaph, ..a' tack
inside the shoe oil whirls the .sub-
iett pressed from time to tinle would
prcxitare a sensational retort(. Sin-
p)Iv thinking of something else can
the heart al4ttgf3 btetltltg can
ongressinan td- c ntrolled arttl flt*riai g t muscles
u and
inb
a
a .; Republican will affect Mona r OTT.
officer or a psychiatrist.'" Significant-
ly. the Army document alas rules out
polygraph tests for hoMTIosexuality in
the absence of an alleged overt a(t
`Also significantly, .the document
that the test' ould he wit-
txv observ+et'" -,outside the
,room by means of a two-way mirror
and hidden nlirr phones. This
would seeilt to imply that not the
least threat, of a polygraph test to
government cmpkcsee. especially in
"t-lissrhlatactntts forats"' ca.sees, is the
sipri'lity'that t 4h. interviel',.
clothe the" intiialt t ~explcrratoi'
toady` f"aty~ kft fA and
filed away fsspark a'-the subject's
pe't ma tlettt frls wit o former Fin
eign 5ersvice -tifiitte of senior rank
#tas past its lk nrecorded on a
,. ap'~ art a nu- t rat arm and sub-
isequencly trap ri r .these intern,.
w}b~m.4.. . .~, w x
 Antall ford3bt`iZi' ~1t ldf R I6ase 2b0'5/04'/21 CIA-RDP66B00403ROOO1OO 71001,$-7ii.tt the itr,trurtltnt
uticuTUlpnfous i iheician, or person.il the innocent as well as
nernv, and since government file, n '.,ell Uaftlx?tt the go ilit it is a tvpirel
tie 110tol-IOUSIv lrtsecute, the %lttirll ir,l!r'tt ill the ),e it I:.iliultean rt'.tttiorl.After 1tstinf; the
-I. tile test may well firxl hirnsell vul- \h I ,I III(, gate lk'ita Intei!t. stienrific oi,j'ctions to the lie detec-
nerable for ever after, so long as he the tnt?rt Llitf it its Ixeiitg glen is toffs, DI 1'ietre Scltrieider, director
if-mains in service." ttcsttut it'.e to tiiuralc. There must of the ptitichi;rtric clinic ,of I?ausanne
There are countermeasures the be a rrt.tainium of mtrtuaf conftefcnte Univt?rs~itr, c' hc111cles: ``'hut the
eaarniner can take against a subject if an'. };heal, is to function well, hut inat t ur.te t of this aitthod is not
t, ho is deliberately trying to falsify ho" an ruin ale Lite maintained when the niaiii reason for neglecting it. In
e test, but new ways, to beat the high offi(ials ate strapped to a vur conception of the freedom of
rn.icltine will probably arise (as they hi ring gadget and asked intimate man and of his, free determination,
have in the past), and there will in- questions about their private lists? we think that every subject has the
r+itahly be a time lag between there right to tot"', a lie if he chooses this
:lrlcl the countermeasures. A (turret method of elefetise, No tuedical or
0114.1% of the pcllyl{raph in seturity p'.%(hologi(;tl metiiod ('an be used
'cork by the Office of Naval Intelli- rgaitlst hint the authorities
gr'nce includes this italicized warn- oitl{iit to prove `ht their methods
,
leg: "It is therefore possible that whale shrniltl respect the- free will
... -.. .-..r- ---- ' - - -
,i(,ltces may be developed. /f yu. it
Although much of the early ex-
,tricl have to be assttrned that +trb perinrental work that led to the
"11%W e individuals rr(tern ptt,r;; t,, iti- polygraph was done abroad, the in-
briefed in their use." AI- i)ec etit bateau ttLstiornt %imply (.ill used by Briti+lt or CGontinentalpolice
though it describes the polygraph as not c' i,t in an aunusphere ill which -anti certainly not by governments.
?a valuable adjunct to irivestig.iti+c e'.t r'.oll.' is l,tesurnetl to be Iviatg - "'Tie in trutuental detection of de-
t?chniques," the report concludes: for, pr?tt' t as flit pultgraplu-to; ci,,, ception tern:tins a typically if not
However, an improper use of the ask;irg ,oine,in,' to take ,it test amounts exclusively .%metican practice," Paul
instrwnent will produce security to ,.i+;ng '' ;ii claim you're not a V. Irovillo writes in the February,
lc-arances which might in particular liar '.sell. we'll see"' 1953. Tennetser Law Review. "Its
Instances have the most tar-reaching Witting in the tt'ashint;nnt Fait use abroad uxlav is, so far as I know,
Intl clanget'ous results." of 'i i>tenlhel "1, I!t5'_? Jerry litchi limited to the large-stall use in
Si (.,H .. liilproper use" has tert,iinly
l,crn matte of the instrunieut at
National Security Agency, and
ii.i'.- Grill N. going on. T'he agg)e,si+e.
?.,Ihtug tacfics of the Ns", examiners
,111,1 have (tistrnted elan'. :t unity
Illll letorcl their. "ihe positive
P,riorts ell f, llllt I01-'r tlltlll,i p.1 It
I 'third (iegrc-e' ttloiedurr." ail i.r
loam .titcl Kell]. 'rosy fnotlnte rem-
,u1, during a suh,rgttently adrnin-
stie,l lie-de'te( for it-st of art lilt,,)-
'117 Berson W11101 Will site i!;tte? true
1 :,t roll cruel 1.1 .. . lforc?'.er tfl,,
"It' test cv ii 'lien, e ilia'. ?, I r,ll
.1 ;zul;tN stihlr, i ,het Ili, e't
I ,ilt?nst' !Ist?Ii h,IIiltte, lit'
?t liii thntki: t;. I hi ?,t11c.ti
:ct.ll ,ambits are l,ri-srnt fie-
tk'p(iott Ina' nu
I hii statement.
In '. lei' of the fact that tof,-
tl(':ii.tlll'et '.'r'te given a' -'s-ii.
:he t.tsr of I.int' I)ta(,
atlei'. ,'n
ice'. I'. (tilted " I he lie (if-ter fill 'i)et inyestig.itive and counter-espionage
al'it' in (,,nrriltilt'nf knot, rllole work b'- our 'krniec ,Services."'
tl, the srs ll'.ts of more lsetst,ti . there twill shor'tfy he one excep
",iii the ixissifile rxcet,tion of IliLion, hen'evei: The Reid, agency. in
hi,i ''. than ltl'.I?xl'.. In late. clues- Chicago is training two Israeli phy.
Clot?