GUANTANAMO BAY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000200170005-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 3, 2005
• Sequence Number: 5
• Publication Date: September 28, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN

`
making it easier to bypass the House
rule
Rules Cpommlttee and to shut off filibusters;
and 1,posin`g strict conflict-of-interest reg-
ul_ati'ons on Congressmen:` ADA spokesmen
say ;they are undeterred by past failures on
these issues, and are working on a stronger
campaign than ever.
The large number of ADA members who
won jobs on President Kennedy's "New Fron-
tier"'pprompted Senator GOLDWATER to say
in. 1952 : "The Americans for Democratic
Action, who talk about peaceful coexistence,
are in the White house close to the Presi-
dent There are 31 members ,of the ADA
there, Tam not worried about the extreme
right wing in our country. They are not
in theGovernment in Washington. I am
worried about the extremists to- the left
who are in the Government."
Ci par1son with. Birch Society
Rauh rejects the arguments that ADA
members. are:.: either extremists or socialists.
"It is absolutely false," he says, "to equate
the ADA and the John Birch Society. The
right equation is between liberals and con-
servatives, because both believe in the proc-
ess of law; neither the Communists nor the
Birchers relieve in the electoral or other
democratic processes." ADA members are
not Socialists, he says, "because we believe
in free_ enterprise; it's as simple as that.
So}ne.large operations, like TVA, are neces-
safy,' but we don't believe in Government
ownership of the means of production.
Our ideas are in the mainstream of Ameri-
can political life," says Rauh, "and they have
often been adopted. The 1948 civil rights
plank was adopted in 1964. They may have
been advanced ideas, but they were not out-
side the mainstream."
ADA PLATFORM
Following are highlights of the ADA 1984
platform, adopted at its 1964 convention:
United Nations:, "Strengthening the U.N.
is imperative. The United States should sup-
port the principle of universal membership
in the United Nations of all nations. Per-
manent status should be accorded a U.N.
'Police force. * * * We welcome indications
of a changed V.S. policy in supporting the
claims of non-self-governing peoples against
our Allies in NATO. * * * American eco-
nomic aid to newly independent states should
be channeled mainly through the U.N. In
order to reduce great power competition.
* * " The development of world law should
be.ercouraged through U.S. sponsored treat-
ies and covenants subject to judicial enforce-
ment * * * We favor increased efforts to
bring Communist nations into more inter-
national' institutions to`further enlarge the
framework of world cooperation and the
sense of responsibility of the Communist
nations."
Disarmament and security: "Our aim must
be to achieve general and complete disarm-
ament, subject to effective inspection and
control. * * * It must be recognized that no
safeguards can provide 100 percent protec-
tion against error or treachery. For this
reason it is necessary to build the capacity of
the U.N. to enforce disarmament arrange-
ments. * * * No nuclear negotiations or
treaties can be meaningful without the par-
ticipation of all nations who now have or
will have in the near future nuclear weapon
capability. All measures should be taken to
assure that, all those who stand on the nu-
clear threshold, including the French and
Peking Governments, accept and be bound
by the conclusions of such negotiations. We
oppose the transfer by any nuclear power of
nuclear weapons or information on their
manufacture to other, nations or regional
military organizations. * * * We urge the
formation of regional denuclearized and ulti-
mately demilitarized areas including Africa,
Latin Apierica, southeast Asia, Israel, and
the Arab States."
? 9 A j 66R2R 200170005-5
International economic policies: "The $20
billion trade gap which may-face the devel-
oping countries in 1970 and the accompany-
ing gaps in education, living standards, and
collateral opportunities must be closed. * * *
As long as new barriers to world trade are
not created, the United States should con-
tinue to support the development of inte-
grated regional economic and trade group-
ings and access therein for the major trad-
ing nations. * * * We urge the administra-
tion to advance a vigorous program to assist
American business to vastly expand Ameri-
can exports. Economic and' development
programing is necesasry for a country which
receives aid if it is to utilize the aid effec-
tively."
Europe: "That the Atlantic alliance and
the communities of Europe which the alli-
ance contains and protects do not degener-
ate into quarrelsome and rival Balkanized
states, pursuing special prestigious aims at
the expense of others, should be. a prime ob-
jective of Americans and Europeans alike.
* * * ADA opposes all policies having as
their consequence the further diffusion of
nuclear weapons in Europe * * * (includ-
ing) the proposed NATO multinational
force. * * * The American commitment to the
short-range goals of West Germany's defense,
and that of West Berlin, are legitimate and
should continue; also, the long-range com-
mitment to German reunification in free-
dom. These special goals, however, should
not be seen as necessarily incompatible with
East-West agreements, either for central
European reductions in military force, for a
nuclear arms freeze, or for. the creation of
thermonuclear-free zones." .
Other areas
Southeast Asia: "ADA calls upon the ad-
ministration to oppose widening the area of
combat operations into North Vietnam and
the making of further substantial commit.
ments of arms and forces in South Viet-
nam * * * to seek a political solution rec-
ognizing the principle of self-determina-
tion * * * to support the strengthening of
the International Control Commission cre-
ated by the 1954 Geneva Conference so that it
can fulfill the purposes for which it was de-
vised, and to make use of Geneva Conference
machinery toward the end of achieving an in-
dependent zone in southeast Asia-free from
military forces of all powers-and whose in-
dependence would be guaranteed by the ma-
jor nations, including mainland China * * *
to support all steps to extend a U.N. pres-
ence in the southeast Asia area."
India: "We deplore the refusal of Con-
gress to grant economic aid to the Indian
public program for expansion of her needed
steel production. We urge the granting of
increased economic assistance, on a long-
term basis, to India in order that she may
fully develop her human, natural, and in-
dustrial resources."
China: "ADA urges immediate initiation,
together with our allies, of negotiations
toward diplomatic recognition of the Peiping
regime and its accreditation to the U.N. as
the government of China, not as gestures of
moral approval of its past actions but as
means of establishing the normal channels
of international communication * * *. Rec-
ognition of Communist China and its accred-
itation to the U.N. do not mean abandon-
ment of Formosa. Until a U.N, solution is
reached, the U.S. treaty pledge to defend
Formosa should remain unaltered * * *.
We should press for immediate and demo-
cratic elections by the inhabitants of For-
mosa * * * We urge the removal of all
passport barriers preventing travel py Amer-
icans to China (as has already been ,done in
the case of journalists) in order that U.S.
relations with it may evolve through full
and informed public debate * * *. We fur-
ther urge the lifting of barriers to trade, in
recognition of the fact that trade builds
understanding and our economic isolation
2224?
from China's 650 ' million people achieved
little."
Latin America: - "The _ U.S. Government
must show increased awareness of Latin
America's revolutionary struggle for essen-
tial economic, social, and political reforms."
Cuba: "We do not believe that actions,
contrary to our international obligations un-
der the OAS and U.N. charters or reckless
sporadic raids upon Cuban territory or ships
in Cuban waters, are proper or effective
means of achieving this goal. We especially
urge the United States to commit itself to
the support of a Cuban Government dedi-
cated to effectuating the democratic social
and political aims implicit in the original
Cuban revolution which Castro has be-
trayed."
Middle East: "The United States should
propose a great-power guarantee of the se-
curity and territorial integrity of the Arab
nations and of Israel."
DOMESTIC POLICY
Poverty: "The Economic Opportunity Act
of 1964 only represents the first skirmish in
a long fight * * *. If poverty is to be erased,
a much more extensive attack is urgently
needed * * * extend the coverage of the Fed-
eral minimum wage * * * to all farm, dom-
estic, retail, hotel, and motel, restaurant,
factory, laundry and hospital workers (and)
that the minimum wage be increased to $2
an hour. * * * Urgently needed is a $2 bil-
lion accelerated public works program. * * *
The low benefits presently paid to the aged,
disabled, and family, survivors under social
security should be doubled by 1988 by rais-
ing the income tax base and by allocating
general revenues. Health insurance financed
through social security must be adopted. *
A realistic Federal insurance program for
those temporarily disabled and unemploy-
ment insurance that provides at least two-
thirds of a worker's wage or salary for as long
as he is forced into joblessness are essen-
tial."
Economic policy: "The blind forces of the
marketplace cannot be depended on either
to achieve full employment and vigorous
growth or to direct economic resources in
accordance with national priorities. For
these purposes we need democratic national
economic planning to evaluate our resources
and our needs and to develop an order of
priorities for the application of resources
and our needs. * * * The current level of
Federal spending is grossly inadequate to
meet the needs of a.growing population. We
cannot support a fiscal policy which offers
tax reduction at the expense of investment
in essential public facilities and public serv=
ices."
Civil rights: "ADA calls for vigorous en-
forcement of the rights guaranteed by the
(1964) act. * * * Vacancies in Federal courts
should be filled. by judges whose devotion to
the 14th amendment is unquestioned. * * *
We continue to urge Federal administration
of the registration system in areas where .
there is a pattern of voting discrimination.
* * * For years we have noted the patterns
of de facto segregation and their implica-
tions. Too little progress has been made in
overcoming this condition. * * * Federal,
State, and local action is desperately needed
to eradicate economic and educational depri-
vation. The oppressed condition of millions
of Negro and Puerto Rican citizens in north-
ern cities demonstrates dramatically that
merely passing civil rights laws does not
guarantee equality of opportunity. * * * We
urge the national leadership of the AFL-CIO
and its affiliated unions to intensify its ef-
forts to make the concept of brotherhood a
living reality in the labor movement."
Civil liberties: "ADA urges defeat of the
Becker amendment and other proposed
amendments to the Bill of Rights relating to
public school prayers, Bible reading in the
public schools, and praying in public
places. * * * We urge that congressional
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investigations be limited to obtaining in-
formation leading toward legislative action.
We urge that the Un-American Activities
Committee of the House of Representatives
be discontinued. ? ` ` We urge that all
employees removed as loyalty or security
risks under the Executive orders of Presi-
dents Eisenhower and Truman be given the
opportunity to have their cases reexamined
in their merits. We oppose loyalty oaths
other than the traditional oath taken by
Government employees to support the Con-
stitution and the laws of the United
States. ? * ` We wholeheartedly support
energetic enforcement of the laws against
espionage and sabotage. ? ? ? We propose
Yepeaiing statutory provisions which limit
the right of free speech, free association, and
free political expression, such as are con-
tained in the Smith Act, the Internal Se-
curity Act of 1950, and the Communist Con-
trol Act of 1954. We urge the abolition of
the Attorney General's list of subversive or-
ganizations. ? ? ? We oppose wiretapping
as an Intolerable violation of civil liberties,
whether practiced by the Federal Govern-
ment, by States, or by Individuals. ? ? *
We believe there is no security justification
for Imposing passport controls based on be-
lief or association."
Immigration: "We urge that the national
origins quota system be abandoned and a
new policy created in its stead"
Congressional reform: "Congressional re-
form must be achieved if this country is to
meet and solve its problems"
Equal representation: "Although the pri-
mary obligation of fair play rests with State
legislatures, Congress has the power, under
the 14th amendment, and under article I,
section 4 of the Constitution, to establish
enforceable standards for compact and con-
tiguous districts. Congress should exercise
this power."
Welfare: "Further expansion of coverage
and Increase of benefits under the federally
administered old age and survivors insurance
program. ? ? ? The setting and enforce-
ment of adequate Federal standards for size
and duration of benefits and for eligibility
under the unemployment insurance pro-
gram. * ? ? Strengthening of State action
in the welfare field."
Education: "We favor the use of Federal
funds to aid education development begin-
ning with preschool age children and con-
tinuing through adult education."
Housing and urban renewal: "ADA sup-
ports the right of all Americans to obtain
decent housing in good neighborhoods at
sales prices and rentals that they can afford
to pay ?
Labor and management: "Congress should
reexamine the secondary boycott, organiza-
tional and recognitional picketing provisions
of the Taft-Hartley Act, as amended by
Landrum-Griffin. ` ` * We call upon Con-
gress to repeal section 14(b) of the Taft-
Hartley Act, which permits States to adopt
right-to-work laws: "
ARTHUR LARSON HEADS GROUP TO
COMBAT BIRCH SOCIETY AND RE-
LATED EXTREMISTS
Mr. McGOVERN. I have been pleased
and proud of the courageous manner. in
which my distinguished South Dakotan,
Dr. Arthur Larson, has spoken out
against extremism in our national life.
Dr. Larson, a highly respected Repub-
lican, was an Important member of the
Eisenhower administration, and is now
director of the World Rule of Law Center,
at Duke University. I have followed with
especial interest his impressive career in
public service, because of our mutual
South Dakota heritage.
Recently, he has released a public let- presiding bishop of the Protestant Episcopal
ter to President Johnson; and in the let- Church
ter Dr. Larson explains why he, as a The council, which will raise funds from
Republican, cannot support the candl the public, is being sponsored by the Pub-
lic
dacy of Barry Goldwater, and is, instead, hheAffairs Institute, a nonprofit group with
eadquarters In Washington that was set up
backing the President. He has also taken in 1947 for dissemination of information
the lead in heading a group of distin- about Government activities.
guished Americans who have set out to Mr. Larson, who announced his support of
combat the growing power of radical, the Johnson-Humphrey ticket in a letter to
rating the radio and TV airwaves with ex-
tremist propaganda.
Dr. Larson's group includes retired
Gen. J. Lawton Collins; former Eisen-
hower Cabinet member Marion Folsom;
Clarence B. Randall. chairman of the
board of Inland Steel; Dr. Vernon T. Mil-
ler, dean of the Catholic University Law
School; and Rev. Arthur C. Lichtenber-
ger, presiding bishop of the Protestant
Episcopal Church.
Dr. Larson has pointed out that the
John Birch Society and other fanatical
organizations are now spending $20 mil-
lion a year to sponsor 7,000 radio and
television broadcasts weekly in all 50
States.
This political rightwing propaganda is
frequently masked behind a narrow and
twisted version of religious emotional-
ism. It is a travesty against both sound
religion and rational politics.
It Is to be hoped that Dr. Larson and
his group will be succesful in countering
this well-financed propaganda, by their
plan to provide radio broadcasts, at least
twice a week, of a "dignified, factual,
documental" nature.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that a news account of the newly
formed council, published in the New
York Times of September 23, be printed
at this point In the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
wuu.au piny uv avac ua ,.Rao caoa:,.aWU awuaapa,gaa.
"But we do have a growing concern about
the damage that will be done to American
standards of political discussion and re-
sponsible behavior in a democratic society if
misstatements on public Issues and personal-
ities are allowed to continue." he said.
Mr. Larson said that the council's mem-
bers believed that "radical reactionary propa-
ganda has reached the point where It is now
going far beyond the function of merely
reassuring the reactionary prejudices of a
small fringe group."
BROADCAST FEES CTSED
He said that rightwing groups spent more
than $20 million a year to sponsor 7,000 radio
and television broadcasts weekly In 50 States.
"Even more disquieting than the size of
these activities," Mr. Larson declared, "is
their rapid rate of growth."
Mr. Larson named the following organiza-
tions as being part of the major radical re-
actionary structure:
Americana for Constitutional Action,
America's Future, Christian Crusade, Chris-
tian Freedom Foundation, Church League of
America, Citizens Foreign Aid Committee,
Conservative Society of America, Liberty
Lobby, Manion Forum. National Economic
Council, Dan Smoot Reports, and We the
People.
One of the first projects of the council,
Mr. Larson said, "will be to begin dignified,
factual, documental" radio broadcasts at
least twice a week at a cost of $500,000 to
expose "the daily distortions of the radical
reactionary groups." The broadcasts are to
begin soon in the West and Midwest.
Civic LrAUEas FORM ANTI-BIRCH COUNCIL - . GUANTANAMO BAY
(By Martin Gansberg) J Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, today
ious I had the privilege of reading a series of
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c,, and business leaders joined forces yesterday articles written by Jessie Buscher, of the
in a move to tell "the truth about the John Washington bureau of the Columbus
Birch Society and related radical reactionary Dispatch. In August, she was given an
groups." assignment, as a representative of the
The leaders. representing both major po- Columbus Dispatch, to visit Guantanamo
litical parties and all sections of the country, Bay, to observe its operations and, espe-
ced formation of a National Council cially, the relationship existing between
for Civic Civic Responsibility aimed at exposing
"impropriety of methods and falsity of sub- the United States and the Castro-Com-
stance" of the Birch Society and 12 orga- monist government with respect to this
nizations thatare reportedly linked to the possession of our country.
society by members or finances. The Guantanamo possession was ob-
At a news conference at the Overseas Press tained by the United States in 1903, un-
Ciub. 54 West 40th Street, Arthur Larson, der a lease granted by the Cuban 0ev-
director Duke Uoftheniversity y aWorld nd and a Rule former law Center t to t to ernment to our Nation. The lease vested
Duke U
President Dwight D. Eisenhower. was intro- in our Government possession of 45
duced as chairman of the council. square miles of land, containing about
Among members of the council are Dr. 48,000 acres of land, for a period of 100
Detlov V. Bronk, president of Rockefeller In- years.
stitute; Gen. J. Lawton Collins, retired, vice Since 1959, when Castro took control
chairman of Pfizer International; Marion B. of the Cuban Government, intermittent
a mFolsom.embtr of director the of Eastman Eisenhower Kodak, Cabinet, , who Erwin was incidents with regard to this holding of
N. Griswold, dean of the Harvard University the United States have arisen. The op-
Law School. erations at this base have in the past
Also Clarence B. Randell, retired chairman been a source of great economic help to
of the board of Inland Steel; Dr. Vernon T. Cuba. Many Cubans were employed in
Miller, dean of the Catholic University Law Its operations, providing for these work-
School; Dr. Alan T. Waterman. chairman of ers annual incomes far, far in excess of
the board of the American Association for what they would be able to earn in the
the Advancement of Science; Roy Wilkins, Cuban economy.
executive director of the National Association
for the Advancement of Colored People, and Our Government had been dependent
the Right Reverend Arthur C. Lichtenberger, upon Cuba for its water supply, which,
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i:fter the' Bay of Pigs tragedy, Castro On July 30 the salt water desalinization no water could possibly fl ow into the base.
shut off. Through the alertness and plant producing fresh water was dedicated. Daily, water consumption was 1.2 million
effective work of Rear Adm..Jolzn D. Today all 10 swimming pools are being used. gallons.
Bulkeley, the commander of the naval Vincent J. Thigpen, 936 West Main Street, Then, 700 Cubans doing domestic work, the
Kent, son of Mr. and Mrs. Paul Heaton, en- less desirables and subversives were dismissed
base, a desalinization plant was estab- listend in the Marine Corps 8 months ago, and escorted' off the base through the one
lished, and is now in very effective opera- has enjoyed the recreation facilities. remaining gate connecting it with Com-
tion. While at the naval base he is taking some munist Cuba.
Other problems have intermittently college work by correspondence. When en- This reduction left 759 Cuban workers who
come to the attention of the people of listment is up he plans to finish college come through the gate daily plus 800 exiles
our country. Mrs. Jessie Buscher wrote majoring in engineering. living on the base.
five interesting and informative articles Lt. and Mrs. Roy F. Carlson and their four This out the flow of American dollars to
this item of our international rel&- children have been at the Cuban base since Castro by $1.5 million annually.
on bons. They are worthy n tonal read. January. The dental officer's parents are Another reduction in outflow of gold was
Mr. and Mrs. Roy A. Carlson, 783 Franklin the $13,000 paid monthly for water, or
Therefore, I ask unanimous?consent that Boulevard, Highland Heights, Ohio. Her $156,000 annually.
the articles be printed in the RECORD, mother is Mrs. Joseph E. Hodan, 3752 Beck- Bulkeley says the daily Cuban workers who
There being no objection, the articles ley Road, Cleveland Heights. come and go still take $1.4 million from the
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, Mrs. Carlson said of the base, "we are af- base. He reports 80 percent of this amount.
as follows; forded greater opportunity here with so many is taken by the Cuban dictator as they re-
more the Columbus Dispatch, Thursday, more recreation facilities than in the United turn to their homeland on payday.
Aug. 20. 19641 States. Dr. Carlson plays tennis and golf. The only other U.S. payments to Castro
vraauAavo AL %x114AS) 11AvE 150 XEAR the plays, swim, and participate in other. post and $8,000 per year for a telephone line into
(By Jessie Buscher) activities." Cuba for use by the Cubans on the base to
GUANTANAMO BAY, CUBA.-Fear is unknown Even though a mild cold war is taking communicate with their families on the other
among the Ohians at the U.S. naval base in place between Rear Adm. John Bulkeley, side of the "Cactus Curtain."
Cuba t the Orders on- the "Cactus Curtain" commander of the base, and Fidel Castro, the Bulkeley proudly admits his part in cut-
"Gitmo," as the base Is commonly termed, 9,000 Navy men, marines, and dependents ex- ting off more than half of the $3.1 million in
at the eastern end of, Cuba. In 1903, pressed no fear of being in a danger area so dollars paid from the base annually.
Is United States signed an greement leasing close to the "Cactus Curtain."
45 square miles-48,000 acres of land-from The recreation facilities include 3 baseball [From the Columbus Dispatch, Aug. 13, 19641
Cuba for 100 years. fields, 8 softball fields, 10 swimming pools, GENERAL BULKELEY OUTSMARTS RED LEADERS:
Today, 17.4 miles of 8-foot steel fence with 8 basketball courts, 8 tennis courts, 20 bowl- CASTRO, MARINES AT GUANTANAMO WAGE
barb wire at the top separate the naval base ing alleys, 8 volley ball courts, one 27-hole CACTUS CURTAIN COLD WAR
from Cire at t st Cuba. This area is guarded golf course, 5 movie theaters, riding stables, (By Jessie Buscher)
at 22 sentry posts by U.S. Marines. These boat and sailboat facilities, all free, and then
at high towers are located from 50 to bicycles for rent, a roller skating rink and cold ANTA is taking NAVAL BAail
y CUBA
Cuba mild
150 yards from't fence known as the "Coco boxing ring, plus 2 beaches with 100 cabanas the e "CCacactu u tCuta place between in Cuba across
on the Caribbean Sea. s Curtain" " between the U S. Naval
tus Curtain" because on the Cuban side is Base Commander Bulkeley proud of the Base and Fidel Castro, the Premier of Com-
10 feet of cactus bordering the fence to pre- vent Cubans from escaping, esprit de corps, stated, "Recreation at Guano munist Cuba.
A marine, from the Columbus area-Cpl. tanamo; is big business and we are inclined And it will continue mild and cold because
David Clifton, whose mother, Mrs. Mae Hub- to regard it as an important adjunct to pro- Rear Adm. John D. Bulkeley, commander,
viding a working base for the fleet." U.S. Naval Base, Guantanamo Bay, Cuba,
bard lives in Linden (no street address, only
box No. 245), is corporal of In addition, Bulkeley arranges for the de- outsmarts the Cuban leaders.
the guard work-
1ng 4 hours on and 8 off. pendents to fly or go by ship to nearby shop- Bulkeley, who assumed command in De-
Clifton drives, the marines to their posts ping areas such as Port-au-Prince, Haiti, cember, moved his 30-foot sentry towers back
when changing the guards and has other Kingston, Jamaica, San Juan, Puerto Rico, to from the 17.4 miles of 8-foot-high steel wire
responsibilities. He joined the Marines 4 obtain clothing not provided by the base post fence with three strands of barb wire about years ago and been at Gitmo since December exchange. it.
The 20 sentry
1963. After graduation from Linden High The only regret expressed during my stay y posts are now 50 to 100 yards
School there was that the dependents are being from the fence so that if the Cubans con-
trained , at San Clifton Diego. joined the Marines and phased out by December 1965 and the base tinue to throw rocks they cannot reach the When his enlistment is up, Clifton is will become a garrison force. Many families posts.
going It also put them out of reach when the
to college majoring in history. plan to ask for return duty when there is Cubans feel like making nasty,
Another Ohio marine fired a shot that was peace again in Cuba. provoking
heard, and made news around the world, is Since June remarks to the
25, when marines.
Pfc. John Kozell III, of Cleveland, [From the Columbus Dispatch, Sept. 7, 1964] that the Cuban leader cried
loudly to the world that a marine at his
Kozeli was at his sentry post when a Cu- REDUCES U.S. DOLLARS: COMMANDER OF BASE post had shot a Cuban behind the "Cactus
ban guard fired at the American marines HELPS STRANGLE CUBA Curtain," Bulkeley examines the ammuni-
standing guard. He returned the fire as he (By Jessie Buscher) tion daily and knows if a shot has been fired
saw them aim at his partner coming down WASHINGTON.-Democratic and Republican and if so, why.
the post ladder. Members of Congress have been talking about On that occasion the marine, a 19-year-
The 18-year-old Cleveland lad, made a strangulation of Cuba through economic old Cleveland youth, fired one shot obeying
quicker decision returning the fire than eith- measures since Fidel Castro took over in 1959. orders, which are to return fire above the
or Defense Secretary Robert McNamara or One person who is actually doing some- heads of the Cuban firing.
State Secretary Rusk ever made since join- thing about reducing the flow of U.S. dollars through pow-
The marine and his buddy,
ing the Kennedy-Johnson Cabinet. He to the Cuban Prime Minister is Rear Adm. erful binoculars, saw the seven Cubans at
stated, "I hope it doesn't happen again. I John their sentry post leave and return with an
Bulkeley, commander of the U.S.
will always follow orders. If lives are en- naval base at Guantanamo, ambulance. The stretcher placed in the am-
am-
dangered, I will return fire as I did before." bulance was empty.
Last February 12, Bulkeley discharged 700
His father, John D. Kozell, Jr., and his Cuban employees at the base. A Bulkeley says his intelligence sources ed
Presidential
aunt, Mrs. Anna E. Bobba, live at 3525 Bas- order asked that Guantanamo be more self- formed him the body that Castro paraded
worth Road, Cleveland. sufficient and lessen the monetary assistance on July 26 before the 30 American newsmen
Others at the "hardship post" who enjoy to the Cuban economy. visiting Cuba as pis guests was an Army man
every moment of their stay at Gitmo are This was 6 days after Castro announced the killed elsewhere.
Radarman Chief and Mrs. Burton Barnhart, water flowing from Cuba into the base would In one .S Cewsms , he s broadcasts my
their 3-year-old daughter, Barbara be cutoff unless the 36 Cuban fishermen held men the U.S. newsmen, he said, "I'll put my
Lynne, 1144 Chalet Drive, Sandusky, His by the United States were released immedi- men back." Is , parents, Mr. and Mrs. Paul Barnhart reside ateiy. The men were seized while fishing in Het now building
y o slit to pro ec orslabout
at 1602 Shelby Street. Her father, Ernest Florida waters. and other military offensive protectors about
Warner lives at Vickery, Ohio. 200 yards from the 8-foot-high security
The water was cut off by Castro on Feb- fence.
They have been at the post 13 months. Of ruary 6.
'the water crisis caused when Castro turned Today, the fresh water needed at Guan- Bulkeley says this action serves two pur-
off the water, which led the naval admiral tanamo is provided by desalinization of salt poses.
to cut the water pipes and bring it in via water. One is a showplace for visiting Commu-nist
men ships, they said, "it was an experience.* * * To prove to the world the naval base was ib elmarines, andtthelother Is that the dis-
It showed us what we could do when neces- not stealing water as the Cuban Government tance between American and Cuban sentry
sary. We used paper plates and cups and claimed, Bulkeley cut the water pipe on posts will prevent rock throwing and un-
other methods to save on water." February 18 and removed one section so that pleasant words.
r - ,
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 22250 Approved Fe6f1~ 5 1/JIGS DP A0403R00020017000 ember-98
On the Cuban side of the fence, built in
1953 according to the treaty between Cuba
and the United States, there is at least 10 feet
of cactus. The fence has become known as
the Cactus Curtain.
Bulkeley says the cactus and other ob-
stacles are not placed there by the Cubans
to keep Americans out but to keep the Cubans
in.
The naval base commander 1s not easily
frightened. It was he who cut the 14-inch
water pipeline on February 19 that delivered
water to the naval base.
Castro suddenly turned off the water on
February 6. Then later he offered to deliver
water 1 hour daily because of the women
and children at the naval post.
Bulkeley decided he had sufficient water
stored to meet the base's needs until water
was brought in by tankers.
On July 30 the first phase of the salt
water desalinization and electric powerplant
was dedicated.
It converts sea water into fresh water.
Now water is plentiful and the 10 swimming
pools are open again.
Bulkeley isn't easily scared. In fact, he
is proud of Cuban Defense Minister Raul
Castro's comment about him. Castro said:
"The Guantanamo base commander is a
little gorrilla of the worst specie. He has
been one of MacArthur 's clique which was
notably warlike, and this gentleman, it
seems, is directly responsible for the big
provocations that have been taking place in
the base.
"From our point of view, the interest of
that gentleman is that we return the fire,
kill a pair of marines. In order to use it in the
election campaign as a political lampoon
against President Johnson."
Bulkeley's military background, training.
and foresight will keep the Cuban dictator
guessing as to plans of the Americans.
The admiral tours the line of defense daily
in a helicopter. He knows what is going on
all the time.
[From the Columbus Dispatch, Aug. 14,
1964)
CLEVELAND MARINE EXPOSES PHONY SliooTnsG
us Cusa
(By Jessie Buscher)
Purillo back to his post. Kozell was taken
to the guard shack.
While at his post the 18-year-old Cleve-
land lad observed an ambulance arriving at
the Cuban post. Through binoculars they
saw that the stretcher when placed in the
ambulance was empty. The supposed victim
of the Marines shooting was paraded through
the streets of Guantanamo City in Oriente
Province (where Castro started his revolu-
tion). Reliable reports are that a Cuban
army man received the honors Castro ac-
corded to the supposed Marines' victim.
Kozell still frightened but in Marine style
reported the details. Capt. R. H. Widdows,
of Hagerstown. Md.. the commanding officer
of the Marines, said, "It was well staged.
That was the first time the Marines ever saw
an ambulance on the Cuban side. For the
next 8 days the Cuban guards stayed in
their holes."
Kozell's father, John D. Kozell Jr., and his
aunt, Mrs. Anna E. Bobba, live at 3525 Bos-
worth Road, Cleveland. His father to part
owner of a tool and die shop. They formerly
lived at Parma. The 6-foot 4-inch fighting
Marine joined the Marine Corps in April
1963. After boot training at Paris Island,
N.C. he attended the Infantry Training
School at Camp Geiger, N.C., then aviation
school at Memphis, and later aviation and
ordnance school at Jacksonville, Fla.
His Infantry company reported to
Guantanamo for duty on Jule 28. The 235-
pound Marine 1s anxious to leave Cuba as
he is homesick for Cleveland to see his
father, and his girl and drive his new car.
He says he will reenlist In the Marine Corps
if given another promotion before his en-
listment expires in April 1965.
Commanding officer Widdows reports the
promotion will be made before leaving Cuba
within the next few months.
Of his quick decision, the Marine says, "I
hope It doesn't happen again. I will always
follow orders. If lives are endangered, I will
return fire as I did before."
The site of the desalination plant is be-
lieved to be the same location where Christo-
pher Columbus landed in 1494, 470 years ago.
The event ultimately opened the area to sea-
faring men of the entire world. The plant
site also marks the location where U.S. Ma-
rines landed during the Spanish-American.
War In 1898 to assist the Cuban people in
freeing themselves from Spanish rule.
The layout of the plant allows for future
expansion. The operation allows for the salt
brine to return to the Caribbean Sea from
whence it came. To obtain 1 gallon of al-
most pure fresh water with small amount
of chlorine remaining. 15 gallons of sea water
must be pumped into the plant.
From the time of cutting the Cuban pipe-
line on February 17, until the fresh water
plant was operating, housewives had to con-
serve on use of water. Washing machines
were filled to capacity and the rinse water
was used to water the lawn and trees.
Clothes were worn a day longer.
Bulkeley permitted summer khakis to be
worn at all times, eliminating the laundry of
"Navy whites." Families used the beach ca-
banas located on the Caribbean Sea on week-
ends as the swimming pools were dry.
Wives interviewed obeyed the admiral's
orders to use less water. Some say they will
always conserve on water since they have
learned how to do it.
Presently all 10 swimming pools are In
operation and enjoyed by 9,500 inhabitants
of "Gitmo."
The Navy and Marines and their depend-
ents realize that recreational facilities,-prices
at commissary and post exchange cannot be
equated In United States. They like "Gitmo"
living and many have asked for returned
duty at the Cuban base without any fear of
the promixity of Communist Cuba at its bor-
ders on three sides of the base.
With "Gitmo" converting salt water into
fresh water, the U.S. Government is tighten-
ing the economic squeeze on the Castro gov-
ernment, as the United States paid them
$13,000 monthly for water.
How does the water taste? Good, as it
is almost pure, having very little chlorine.
GUANTANAMO NAVAL BASE, Cuaa.-Marine
Pfc. John Kozell III, of Cleveland, made a
quick decision that is usually reserved for
Dean Rusk, Secretary of State. and Robert
S. McNamara, Secretary of Defense.
Kozell on July 13 was standing watch at
sentry post No. 8 about 50 yards from- the 8-
Soot steel wire fence or commonly known
as "Cactus -Curtain." the division line be-
tween U.S. property and Communist Cuba.
Kozell's partner, Pvt. Michael J. Furillo of
Cheater, Pa., atop the 30-foot tower tele-
phoned to the corporal of the guard that a
Cuban truck had come to the Cuban guard
post about 175 yards away and dropped off
five men, making seven at the post. He
saw them start to aim at the American
sentry post and then heard the shot.
Kozell saw this action and observed the
shot about 20 feet above their heads. He
called to his partner to come down the lad-
der to the bunker. When Furillo was half
way down the ladder Kozeli fired a shot 20-
feet over the Cubans' heads. He says only
three Cubans were standing at this time.
Kozell, Marine trained, recalled his orders.
He fired to protect the life of his companion
who was half-way down the ladder. They
both hit the deck. Three or four minutes
later the officer-of-the-day Lt, John Polchak
of Donors, Pa., arrived, as the Marines at
the adjoining sentry post had telephoned the
sergeant of the guard of the shooting.
Polchak told the men to get up. They did
but Kozell says he still was shook up. Poi-
chak counted the ammunition and found
only one shot missing. Poichak ordered
[From the Columbus Dispatch, Aug. 16. 1984)
NAVY BASE CONVERTER OPERATING-SALT IS RE-
MOVED AT CosT or 90 CENTS PER 1,000 GAL-
LONS
(By Jessie Buscher)
GUANTANAMO NAVAL BASE, Cusa.--Cur Navy
is in Guantanamo to stay. commented Rear
Adm. John D. Bulketey, commander of the
Cuban naval bese.
Proof is the recent dedication of the salt
water conversion and electrical power gen-
eration plant, and the two additional instal-
lations to be completed. The ultimate three-
phase water conversion of salt water into
fresh water will produce 2.25 million gallons
of water daily.
The costof the converted water, with only
the first phase producing 530 gallons per min-
ute, is approximately 90 cents per 1,000 gal-
lons. The power cost is less than 2 cents
per kilowatt.
Total cost of the completed three-phase
water conversion and powerplant to the U.S.
Government will be $9.4 million. Water that
came from Communist Cuba prior to Cuban
Premier Fidel Castro cutting it off last Feb-
ruary was 29 cents per 1,000 gallons plus 10
cents per 1,000 gallons for purification. When
the three water evaporators and the power-
plant are In full operation in December,
Bulkeley says the cost per 1,000 gallons will
be considerably less.
The secret of the successful operation so
soon after arrival of the Westinghouse plant
on April 16 was due to "moonlighting" of
some base employees.
Bulkeley said base technicians, workers,
and sailors worked on the construction after
completing their regular 8-hour-a-day jobs.
He believes the installation of a similar unit
In the United States would require at least
1 year.
SALMON CANNING-IT STARTED
100 YEARS AGO
Mr. BARTLE'IT. Mr. President, 1964
marks the beginning of the second cen-
tury of salmon canning in the United
States. In 1864, the first cannery was
located on the Sacramento River, at what
Is now the city of Sacramento, by Wil-
liam and George Hume and Andrew S.
Hapgood.
No industry, perhaps, has been sub-
jected to more ups and downs in the
course of its existence than has the one
involving the taking and canning of
salmon.
Today, the Sacramento River is no
longer a commercial producer of salmon;
now many streams which formerly
yielded rich harvests of this wonderful
food fish are barren of fish of any kind.
Man has a surprising capacity to destroy.
For many years, most of the canned sal-
mon produced in the United States has
come from the Columbia River, from
Puget Sound, from Canada and, most
particularly, from Alaska, the principal
source of supply.
Mr, President, on April 30 of this year,
I was honored when I was invited to join
the then Under Secretary of the Interior,
James Carr, in the unveiling of an his-
toric marker commemorating the first
salmon cannery in the United States.
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