GITMO GROWS MORE VITAL EVERY DAY

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000200170077-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 3, 2005
• Sequence Number: 77
• Publication Date: April 7, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN

196.4
Approved CFor Rel&We ONGSSIONAL/RECORD DPJ$Wbilii`00170077-6
the Atlantic traffic to and from the Panama
Canal. And, what is often forgotten, Cuba
geographically dominates the entrance to
the Gulf of Mexico.
Control of Guantanamo is necessary for
U.S. policing and protection of the Wind-
ward Passage. This is the 50-mile-wide strip
of water between the eastern end of Cuba
and Haiti. It is the "watergate" through
which funnels much of the shipping between
the Atlantic into the Caribbean and to the
Panama Canal.
Communist control of the Windward Pas-
sage would go far toward sealing, in war, the
northern entrances to the Caribbean area
against U.S. and free-world shipping.
Red strategists have carefully studied Ger-
man U-boat tactics in World War II, and
know that the Nazi "wolfpacks" sunk a
huge allied tonnage in the Windward Pass-
age Narrows.
Red control of the passage would dovetail
neatly into employment of Russian sub-
marine forces in war or "high temperature"
crisis.
U.S. antisubmarine units, air and surface,
based at Guantanamo Bay, virtually on the
southern coast of the passage, would break
up any monopoly of the passage.
BLOCK TO TAKEOVERS
A1681
States were to abandon Guantanamo, when
the last U.S. ship sailed out, the first Rus-
sian sub would sail in. It would, they add,
be but a short time before Russian on Cuban
subs (both Russian made with Russian
crews) would be routinely patrolling the
eastern and gulf coasts of the United States.
In addition to its key location and stra-
tegic role, Guantanamo has a day-to-day
value in terms of naval efficiency. It is the
principal training base for the U.S. Atlantic
Fleet. Each year about half the ships in the
Atlantic Fleet conduct their training out of
Guantanamo Bay. This means that in a 2-
year period the entire fleet uses the base for
training.
Navy officials are quick to point out that
even as a training base Guantanamo Bay
would be hard to replace. Off its entrance is
deep water, with various temperature levels,
providing proper training for antisubmarine
forces.
Weather seldom interferes with naval avia-
tion training for carriers based in Guantana-
mo. Beaches for small-scale marine land-
ings are inside the bay, and larger beaches
are within easy cruising distance.
OUR TREATY RIGHTS
leave. the United Nations, but they do be-
lieve that such weapons as are at our dis-
posal ought to be used more effectively
against our enemies.
It isn't enough just to ask members of our
various alliances how to work ourselves out
of our difficulties. Somewhere along the
line we must act.
These critics of the administration's
policy don't want to quit the cold war.
Gitmo Grows More Vital Eve'
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. L. MENDEL RIVERS
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE HOUSE OF' REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, April 7, 1964
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina. Mr.
Speaker, under unanimous consent, I in-
sert in the Appendix of the CONGRES-
SIONAL RECORD the article which ap-
peared in the Miami News, on Wednes-
day, February 12, 1964, concerning the
vital importance of our naval base at
Guantanamo Bay. This article was writ-
ten by a distinguished retired Marine
Corps general, Brig. Gen. J. D. Hittle,
who is known by many of us. He is an
authority in his field and I believe the
article he has written should be read
by every American citizen.
The article follows:
GITMO GROWS MORE VITAL EVERY DAY
(NOTE.-The author, director of national
security and foreign affairs for the Veterans
of Foreign Wars, has served in Guantanamo
with the Marines, has been assistant to the
Secretary of Defense for legislative affairs
under Secretary Thomas S. Gates, Jr., and
is the author of "History of the Military
Staff," a standard text in staff colleges
around the world.)
(By Brig. Gen. J. D. Hittle, U.S. Marine Corps,
retired)
WASHINGTON.-It Was inevitable that
Guantanamo would become the focal point
of the Communist-generated trouble In the
Caribbean. Ever since the Russian takeover
of Cuba, the keener U.S. strategists have
warned that Guantanamo Bay was a major
Red target.
. Why? Because our base there is one of
the most strategically located in the world.
There has been far too much careless talk
to the effeet that our base at Guantanamo
is outdated and not as important as it once
.was.
The fact is that it is just as important
as ever before. And there are two reasons
for. its increasing importance: First, the So-
viet Union's conquest of Cuba; second,- the
Russian submarine fleet, by far the world's
largest.
From the U.S. standpoint, a Red Cuba
makes our hold on Guantanamo imperative.
Here are some examples: Guantanamo dom-
inates the Caribbean. Since Castro took
over Cuba for the Soviet Union, the Carib-
bean IS no longer "an American lake." Our
continued control of Guantanamo is neces-
sary to keep it from becoming a "Russian
lake."
Naval strategists point out that when the
Communists went. after Cuba, they knew
what they were doing strategically. Cuba is,
in many ways, the strategic heart of the
Americas.
It stands directly astride the Atlantic
sealanes between North and South America.
It is in a position, if unchecked, to control
As the communist propaganda guns are
brought to bear against our position in
Guantanamo Bay, demands for renegotiation
of our treaty rights will become more in-
sistent. It will be the same old claim of im-
perialism and archaic treaties.
But it will be difficult to make the charge
of an outdated treaty stick. True, Our origi-
nal rights stemmed from treaties of 1903-4.
But with keen foresight those treaties were
renegotiated and reaffirmed with Cuba by
President Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1934.
Thus we are in Guantanamo Bay through a
treaty of the good neighbor era. This
should pose a problem for Red propaganda.
But it probably won't bother the Kremlin
or Castro. They know how vital Guantana-
mo Bay is to U.S. security. They also know
how much it is needed as a Russian subma-
rine base. They hope to force us out.
Also Guantanamo's location helps block
Castro's efforts to move into Haiti and the
Dominican Republic. A Castro takeover
there would outflank our bases in Puerto
Rico. Were this to happen, the strategic
position of the United States in the Carib-
bean would be irreparably fragmented.
Continuing Communist subversion in the
Caribbean and Latin America Increases rath-
er than diminishes the value of Guan-
tanamo Bay by emphasizing its central po-
sition. Navy-Marine "ready forces," if based
in Guantanamo, would be but a short voy-
age from Communist-created hotspots.
For instance, the value of Guantanamo
Bay as a base in the Caribbean area was
well demonstrated when President Eisen-
hower ordered a naval patrol between Cas-
tro's Cuba and the mainland during the
Honduran crisis.
Guantanamo was even more conveniently
positioned when President Kennedy put 2d
Fleet units between Cuba and the Domini-
can Republic to prevent Castro from moving
in during the upheaval following the assas-
sination of Trujillo.
It would be impossible to duplicate Guan-
tanamo as a base for stationing "on-call"
Navy-Marine forces for quick movement to
the political "brush fires" Castro's agents are
lighting throughout the area.
If the United States were forced out of
Guantanamo Bay, the loss in terms of our
strategic requirements would be tremendous.
But, what is often overlooked, the damage
to our national security would not be limit- ,
ed to losing what we must have. Rather,
the damage would be vastly compounded by
Guantanamo's value as a Communist base.
One of the difficulties facing Khrushchev's
naval strategists Is the lack of submarine
bases beyond the territorial waters of the
Soviet Union. Without such bases the Rus-
sian subs have to spend a large portion of
operating time cruising to and from Soviet
ports and their assigned patrol areas.
INTO AMERICAN WATERS
Availability of Guantanamo Bay as a Rus-
sian submarine base would have the effect,
by cutting down traveltime to the Carib-
bean, of increasing the efficiency of Russian
submarine deployment. Mathematically it
would mean that the Kremlin could keep far
more submarines in American waters.
From the standpoint of U.S. defense, it
would make little difference whether the
Russian submarines officially flew the ham-
mer and sickle or operated under the fiction
of Cuban control. The threat to the Ameri-
ca's would be just as great.
Naval strategists say that if the United
Retirement of Distinguished Educator
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BARRATT O'HARA
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, April 6, 1964
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
James W. Crowe, one of the Nation's
foremost authorities in the field of voca-
tional education, will retire in May as
principal of Chicago Vocational High
School, which under his administration
has won national prestige and acclaim.
He was recently named "man of the
year" by the South Chicago Chamber of
Commerce, as related in the news stor-
ies in the Chicago Tribune, Southeast
Economist and Daily Calumet that I am
extending my remarks to include.
The material follows:
[From the Chicago (Ill.) Tribune, Jan. 30,
1964]
VOCATIONAL'S PRINCIPAL IS MAN OF YEAR
The South Chicago Chamber of Commerce
has named James W. Crowe, principal of
Chicago Vocational High School, its "Man
of the Year."
Crowe, of 2217 East 69th Street, was se-
lected by a committee of chamber members
for his civic activities. The announcement
was made by Samuel C. Maragos of 9207
Yates Boulevard, group president,
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jv ~? APrzl 7
During his 14 years as principal of the
high school, Crowe has been chairman of
the chamber of commerce Youth and in-
dustry Week, a program to familiarize high
school students with occupations in busi-
ness and industry.
Before his assignment to the high school.
Crowe was supervisor of the school board's
bureau of veterans education and training.
While supervisor of the city school's drafting
department, he wrote a text on drafting now
used in the public high schools.
He and his wife, Helen, have a son, Brian,
who is a senior at Indiana University. An
older son, Mark, is employed in the Navy
Department in Washington, D.C.
[From the Chicago Daily Calumet]
HONORS CROWE As MAN OF THE YEAR
James W. Crowe, 62, of 2217 East 69th,
Chicago Vocational principal, has been
named "Man of the Year" by the South Chi-
cago Chamber of Commerce.
A committee of chamber members selected
Crowe for his civic activities.
Crowe, principal for the past 14 years, has
been chairman of the chamber of commerce
youth and industry week, a program to fa-
miliarize high school students with occupa-
tions of business and industry.
Crowe is past president of the South Chi-
cago chamber, having served two terms.
Crowe and his wife, Helen, have a son
Brian, a senior at Indiana University. Mark,
an older son, is employed In the Navy De-
partment In Washington, D.C.
Crowe was supervisor on the school board's
bureau of veterans education and training
before his assignment to CVS.
He wrote a text on drafting now used by
public high schools while he was supervis-
or of the city's school's drafting department.
He is a graduate of Lane Technical High
School, and Loyola University where he holds
two degrees-a bachelor of science In educa-
tion and a master's degree In education.
Crowe is a member of Local 10. Carpenters'
Union. American Federation of Labor.
He taught shop and drafting at Lane for
18 years. He was supervisor of teacher train-
ing for the U.S. Navy at CVS 1941-r42, and
wrote the text for the course "Principles of
Trade Teaching."
Crowe was chief of training for War Man-
power Commission of Metropolitan Chicago
from 1943 to 1945.
Crowe also served as; Educational adviser
for Rehabilitation Commission, Department
of Illinois American Legion, 1944-54; past
treasurer, Illinois Industrial Arts Association;
principal, CVS High School since 1950; prin-
cipal, CVS evening school since 1950; presi-
dent, Illinois Council of Local Administrators
(industrial education ); coordinator, Region
III, American Industrial Arts Award Compe-
tition, 1960-61; member, Education Commit-
tee, Association of Commerce and Industry,
Chicago.
[From the Southeast Economist[
CHICAGO VOCATIONAL SCHOOL PRINCIPAL Is
MAN OF THE YEAR
James W. Crowe, principal of Chicago Vo-
cational High School, was named "Man of
the Year" at the annual awards dinner-
dance of the South Chicago Chamber of
Commerce held In the Jovial Club, 9615
South Commercial Avenue.
The coveted honor, awarded to outstand-
ing chamber members, went to Crowe for his
longtime civic activities in the community,
including his work during the area's annual
Youth and Industry Week. The special
event is held to help young people select
future careers and advise them of the quali-
fications and opportunities available with
the aid of business and industrial leaders.
Crowe, who has been the principal at
CVS for the past 14 years, is a past president
of the South Chicago Chamber. Before his
assignment at CVS, he was superintendent of
the bureau of veterans education Ind
train. ng of the Chicago public echo-)Is.
Previ.nusly, he was supervisor of the draft-
ing department of the Chicago schools and
author of a drafting textbook still used at
vocational schools.
During World War II he served as Cttef
of Training of the War Manpower Comals-
sion ,f Metropolitan Chicago.
Crcwe attended Lane Technical High
Schad and holds both a bachelor and mus-
ters degree in education from Loyola Univer-
sity.
He is past president of the Vocational
Schoc I Administrators Association and p ust
treasurer of the Illinois Industrial Edu, a-
tiona: Association.
Att,_rney Samuel Maragos, president of the
cham'>er, said of Crowe: "The choice of the
man .,f the year committee was an excellent
one i i naming a high caliber of dedicated
worker and fine person such as Mr. Crowe.'
Committee members included Dr. Alvin
Lieber man, 8148 South Kingston Avenue;
George Rooney. 2152 East 78th Street, and
John 3lovic, 9234 South Bennett Avenue.
Corpurate Profits and Economic Growth
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS
or MISSOURI
IN '_7HE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, April 7, 1964
Mr CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, in his
coiufr it in the Washington Post on April
6, Ha 'old B. Dorsey points to an under-
tone ~If worry about the possible adverse
effects on the economy of forthcoming
wage negotiations. He notes that a mua-
under tanding of corporate profits figure
might create public support for excessive
labor demands that would create infin-
tiona?y pressures and/or lower profit
margins.
Cot Crary to the commonly held opin-
ion, c )rporate profits are just beginning
to sh)w signs of recovering from the
subnormal level that has been stultifyir g
econo nic growth for the past 6 years.
This healthy improvement In corporate
profl.t; has neither come out of the hic`e
of consumers or of labor, according i-o
the column.
As Mr.. Dorsey points out, a misundel-
stand ng of the corporate profits figures
that 'eads to an excessive Increase In
labor costs might very well lead to an
inflationary boom-and-bust pattern In
the economy.
The article follows:
Tam IMAGE Or EARNINGS TREND NEEDED
(By Harold B. Dorsey)
NEW YORK, April 5.-The budget of bus-
ness n~'ws continued favorable last week and
the str.,ck averages established another new
record. Nevertheless, one can sense the dc-
velopn ent of an undertone of worry abot.t
the possible adverse effects on the economy
of wags negotiations.
The concern is not a fear of fair and rec -
sonabi.~ wage adjustments. Rather, it cer -
tars around the evidence that a misundet -
standhag of the corporate profits figures
might ,reate public support for excessive la-
bor do mends that would create inflation
pressu, es and/or lower profit margins.
Infia,ionary price behavior would reatrala
a resin volume of consumption-both here
and abroad-with an adverse effect on em-
ployment. Lower profit margins would re-
duce the incentive of business to make the
capital investments which lead to more and
better products for consumers and more and
better jobs for employees.
The current Issue of the First National
City Bank letter points out: "Because news-
papers and other accounts play up the news
of record profits, whether for individual com-
panies or all corporations, earnings trends
are easily misinterpreted and are not con-
sidered In relation to the growth of the
economy. Wage payments, taxes, sales or
capital investment. Public opinion polls
have consistently shown that people gen-
erally have exaggerated notions about how
large profits actually are."
It is much more than a coincidence that
record corporate earnings are accompanied
by new records for employment, payrolls,
sales, and practically all of the broad meas-
urements of the economy's welfare. The
good earnings should be looked upon as a
favorable sign for continuing economic
growth. It is unfortunate that they afe be-
ing looked upon as a target for labor to
shoot at.
For example, the UAW's Walter Reuther
has stated that the automobile industry
could afford to reduce the price of cars by
$200, give labor a very large increase in
hourly pay, and still record a satisfactory re-
turn on its capital investment. If his
formula were to be applied to one of the
automobile producers. It would seem likely
that this company-and the jobs of its 33,000
employees-could not survive.
A second producer would certainly operate
in the red under this formula. The other
two companies would show such a reduction
in their earnings that they could not afford
to make the large capital expenditures
needed to create more jobs and to maintain
the efficiency that is so important in this
mass production business,
One of the primary reasons why this col-
umn became so optimistic about the out-
look for business activity and employment
last autumn was the evidence that corporate
profit margins were showing signs of re-
covering from the subnormal level that had
been stultifying economic growth for the
preceding 6 years. The corporate earning
figuresare now justifying that anticipation,
The First National City Bank letter gives
a picture of the 15-year downward trend in
manufacturers' profits as a percentage of
sales and Capital Investment. These meas-
urements were at subnormal levels from 1957
through 1963. The figures of 1982 and 1963
showed a moderate recovery from the lowest
level in many years.
There Is being created in the mind of
the public the erroneous impression that this
moderate recovery is exorbitant and that It
is coming out of the hides of labor and
consumers. This image is simply contrary
to the facts. Prices have been unusually
stable and the number of people employed
and weekly payrolls per worker have risen
to new record levels.
An attack on business profits conflicts
with the economic program now being
espoused by the administration. One of the
most Important objectives of that program
is to encourage American and foreign capital
flow Into American enterprise by improving
the attractiveness of such investments.
Business analysts and investment man-
agers are beginning to appraise more care-
fully the business prospects for 1965. All
of the foregoing observations are an integral
part of these calculations. If a misunder-
standing of the corporate profit figures is
going to encourage excessive increases in
labor coats, then we may have an inflationary
boom-and-bust pattern. If the higher costs
are to come out of profit margins instead of
higher prices, then the growth of activity
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