ANTI-SEMITISM IN THE SOVIET UNION EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. HENRY M. JACKSON OF WASHINGTON IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP66B00403R000200190029-7
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 4, 2005
• Sequence Number: 29
• Publication Date: April 16, 1964
• Content Type: OPEN

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Obviously, part of the difference between
the two may be glandular. But it goes be-
yond that. The liberal establishment be-
lieves unshakably two things about Cuba:
first, that the Castro revolution, however
badly it turned out, was justified by the
miserable economic conditions of that coun-
try; and second, that Castro. has such wide-
spread support from the "masses" that even
if we helped eliminate him, we should then
face guerrilla warfare by his followers for
perhaps a decade.
GOLDWATER Republicans deny both.
Where is the truth?
Now obviously, the former economic con-
dition of Cuba is a matter of fact, not of
theory. And it just happens that Cuban
refugees in Madrid have put out a little
booklet: "Revolution in Cuba-the Objec-
tive Truth of the Cuban Case," which Cuban
experts tell me is exact. And it shows that
far from being exceptionally exploited, the
Cubans, including the much pitied agricul-
tural workers, had the third highest living
standard in Latin America. Batista was a
political tyrant, not an economic oppressor.
Whether today's Cubans would welcome
liberation from Castro or rally to his defense
must remain somewhat a matter of opinion.
All we can lay a finger on is the amount of
opposition to the Castro regime over the
last 3 years and the difficulty Castro has
had in dealing with it. And here again
the facts are eloquent.
The weight of evidence is on the side of
Senator GOLDWATER. As of today most Cu-
bans would apparently welcome liberation
by fellow countrymen backed by the United
States. If Senator FULBRIGHT still denies
this, the burden of proof is on him.
Nation Mourns Death of Melvin J.
Maas-Soldier-Statesman Headed Pres-
ident's Committee on Employment of
the Handicapped for a Decade
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JENNINGS RANDOLPH
OF WEST VIRGINIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE 16NITED STATES
Thursday, April 16, 1964
Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, we
are saddened at the passing of Maj. Gen.
Melvin J. Maas, a respected public serv-
ant and the cherished friend of many
who today serve in this body. As a sol-
dier, statesman, and crusader for the
handicapped, he won the admiration and
esteem of those who - seek justice and
progress under the democratic system.
It was my privilege to work closely
with Mel Maas when we served together
in the House of Representatives. More
recently, we were associated in the
worthwhile efforts of the President'q
Committee on Employment of the Han-
dicapped, a group which he headed for
10 years prior to his death. Under his
able leadership the Committee intensi-
fled its educational and promotional ef-
forts in behalf of the physically handi-
capped, and expanded its functions to
include the mentally restored and men-
tally retarded.
General Maas also established an out-
standing record of military service dur-
ing three wars, and served with Adm.
William Halsey and Gen. Douglas Mac-
Arthur in World War II. It was during
the fighting on Okinawa that an enemy
bomb damaged his optic nerve.
Returning to civilian life after the
close of the war General Maas assumed
responsibilities with several large busi-
ness concerns until the outbreak of the
Korean conflict. He was recalled to
active duty, and served briefly as a mem-
ber of the Reserve Forces policy board.
Since 1949, he has been active in efforts
to build a better way of life for handi-
capped citizens.
It is appropriate that we remember
the achievements and sacrifices of Mel-
vin J. Maas as he served his country and
his fellow man in war and peace. We
pray God's blessing on this worthy
American, and on his loving family in
this hour of grief. Thousands of citi-
zens are comforted in the knowledge that
Melvin J. Maas brought lasting benefit
to the world in which we live.
Mr. President, I request that the
Washington Post article of April 14, 1964,
on the death of Maj. Gen. Melvin J. Maas
be printed in the RECORD at this point.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
GENERAL MAAS, THREE-WAR VETERAN
(By Kenneth M. Boyd)
Retired Maj. Gen. Melvin J. Maas, USMC,
veteran of three wars, former U.S. Congress-
man from Minnesota and Chairman of the
President's Committee on Employment of the
Handicapped, died yesterday at Bethesda
Naval Hospital.
The death of the 65-year-old general was
attributed to a combination of heart disease,
arteriosclerosis and diabetes. It was the
10th anniversary of his appointment to the
Committee chairmanship.
General Maas, blinded since 1951 from in-
juries suffered during World War II, traveled
hundreds of thousands of miles since his ap-
pointment to the Committee chairmanship
in an effort to obtain equal opportunity for
the handicapped.
- He curtailed his extensive traveling a year
ago, however, because of ailing health, but
continued to direct his affairs by tape
recorder from his home, 4714 Essex Street,
Chevy Chase.
JOINED MARINES IN 1917
A graduate of the College of St. Thomas,
in St. Paul, Minn., General Maas interrupted
his education to enter the Marine Corps in
April 1917, to serve as a private with Marine
Aviation in the Azores throughout the war.
. He accepted a Marine Reserve commission
in 1926 before his election to Congress that
year at the age of 27.
In 1933, General Maas received the Car-
negie Silver Medal for heroism for persuad-
ing a mentally deranged spectator in the
House galleries to yield a pistol he was
waving menacingly at Congressmen.
A Republican and an opponent of most
New Deal domestic policies, General Maas
served in Congress until 1945 with the ex-
ception of 2 years when he went into private
business.
He was joint author of legislation setting
up a promotion system for the Navy and
sponsoring author of the Naval Reserve Act
of 1938 which, until passage of the Armed
Forces Reserve Act, governed the Naval and
Marine Corps Reserves.
- SERVED WITH HALSEY
The general returned to active duty in the
summer of 1941 to serve at sea and on the
staff of Adm. William Halsey and In 1942 with
Adm. Frank J. Fletcher in the Solomons
campaign.
He then served as a Marine observer in
Australia and New Guinea with the late Gen.
Douglas MacArthur, and in 1945 assumed
command of the Awase Airbase on Okinawa,
where an enemy bomb explosion Injured his
optic nerve.
General Maas returned to civilian life to
become assistant to the chairman of the
board of the Sperry Corp. He later became
a director of the U.S. Life Insurance Co., and
of Mutual of Omaha.
With the exception - of a brief return to
active duty in the Korean war, when he
served as a member of the Reserve Forces
Policy Board In the Pentagon, General Maas
has been with the President's Committee on
Employment of the Handicapped since its
formation in 1949.
He leaves his wife, Katherine; a son, Mel-
vin; three daughters, Patricia, a Marine
major; Mrs. Anthony C. Martino, of Rich-
mond, and Mrs. Leo Catteron, of Annapolis.
Mr. RANDOLPH. Mr. President, in
submitting for the RECORD this article
from the Washington Post, explanatory
of the career of the late Melvin J. Maas,
I wish to state that not only was he a
major general of the Armed Forces dur-
ing an illustrious career, but he also, was
one of my cherished friends, with whom I
had the privilege of serving-together
with other Senators present today on the
floor of the Senate-in the U.S. House of
Representatives.
He was stricken blind rather late in
life. His energies were used in the pub-
lic good. He became chairman of the
President's Committee on Employment
for the Handicapped.
Now he is gone. I have written,
through dictation-for I cannot actually
read what I have dictated-a letter to his
widow. I ask unanimous consent that
this communication be printed in the
RECORD, together with my remarks, in
tribute to this great American, who gave
so much of himself, his talents, and his
compassion to mankind.
There being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
U.S. SENATE,
SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON AGING,
April 14, 1964.
Mr's. MELVIN J. MAAS,
Chevy Chase, Md.
DEAR MRS. MAAs: Permit me to extend deep-
est sympathy on the passing of your beloved
husband my cherished friend, Maj. Gen. Mel-
vin J. Maas. The Randolphs share your sense
of loss in this difficult time.
It was my privilege to serve with Mel when
we were Members of the House of Represent-
atives, and I have worked closely with him in
his post as chairman of the President's Com-
mittee on Employment of the Handicapped.
He proved himself a responsible and purpose-
ful leader and one who was ever motivated by
the desire to serve his fellow man. As a
courageous military commander and as a
statesman of vision and integrity, Melvin J.
Mass exemplified the strength of character
and devotion to duty which are the integral
components of American citizenship.
We are confident that you and your. chil-
dren will be comforted in the knowledge that
the world is a finer place because of the wis-
dom and sacrifice of this gifted man.
With warmest personal wishes, I am,
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EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. ABNER W. SIBAL
or CONNI=ICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, April 16, 1964
Mr. SIBAL. Mr. Speaker, I am sub-
mitting two articles for the RECORD
which I hope will help Members to un-
derstand proposals by the Civil Aero-
nautics Board to shift business to
nonscheduled airlines at the expense of
regularly scheduled carriers.
The first is by Leslie Gould of the New
York Journal-Amer.can, the second by
Jack Steele of Scrirps=Howard newspa-
pers.
I think most Members will agree that
there is a situation here which requires
a basic policy decisicn from the Congress
and which ought nct to be handled solo
by a Federal agency.
The articles follow:
COMPLETION CUR13ED: CAB STma AIRLINE
WAR
(By Jac's Steele)
The Civil Aeronautics Board has unleashed
a bitter war among U,S. airlines by a series
of moves curbing competition.
Moat of the Board's actions are designed
to shift more passenger and cargo business
to supplemental (nonscheduled) and all-
cargo airlines at the expense of the regularly
scheduled carriers.
This means the CAII has taken on the in-
dustry giants In a battle which may continue
for years and end up in Congress or the
courts.
HOWLS
Some CAB decisions and proposed rules
also may bring howls from passengers and
shippers, some of wk.om will be restricted
in their choice of airlines for charter flights
or for the fastest cargo service.
Under one proposed rule, for example, any-
body arranging a chaster flight could engage
a regular airline only if a smaller nonsked
refused to handle It.
The CAB's moves rs.ise fundamental ques-
tions of how far a regulatory agency can or
Should go in limiting competition-which the
Government, under the antitrust laws, is
supposed to promote.
The Board's actions have been taken with-
out any direct authority from Congress.
Some congressiona'. makers of aviation
policy, among them Sonator A. S. MIKE MoN-
RONEY, Democrat, of Oklahoma, have in the
past pushed legislatlo:a to boost the all-cargo
and nonsked lines but failed to get it en-
acted. Now the CAB apparently to achiev-
ing tt.ie by executive action.
SI2IT
Most CAB decisions have been by 3-to-2
votes, with two Republican members, former
Senator Chan Gurney and Whitney G1111-
land, dissenting.
Some of the embs ttled airlines recently
have taken newspapor ads and briefed re-
porters to press their views.
The CAB decisions and policy rulings have
these objectives:
To shift more cargo business from sched-
uled airlines, which carry pastiengers and
freight on the same flights and so are known
as combination carriers, to four small all-
cargo lines. They are Slick, Flying Tigers.
Riddle, and Seaboarc. World Airways. Sea-
board files only overseas.
To shift most charter flights from the
scheduled lines to smaller nonakeds which
were limited to charier service by Congress
&k5 $pRfV~WQkR000200190029-7 A
2 years ago. The CAB claims this law In-
tended to make the nonskeds "charter spe-
cialists." The regular lines deny this.
To shift more oversee airmail, military and
commercial, to Seaboard, the only all-cargo
line, certificated for this service. The CAB
prevailed on reluctant Poet Office and De-
fense Department officials to give Seaboard
a third of their business.
One of the key CAB decisions came last
month.
The Board gave two supplemental airlines,
Capitol and Saturn. the right to By charter
groups to Europe In the peak summer-tourist
season. A third nonsked was included but
went bankrupt before the order was issued.
This decision also lifted many restrictions
on charter flights. It will permit more than
one group to use the same flight and let
travel agents assist in forming charter
groups, thus cutting Into Pan American and
TWA business.
The Board, In another new proposal, would
limit regular and all-cargo airlines to devot-
ing only 2 percent of total passenger miles
to charter flights, instead of the present
10 percent.
iFrom the New York (N.Y.) Journal-Ameri-
can, Mar. 29, 19641
CAB CHARTER PLAN PVNIanES CaaTniFD LInxs
(By Leslie Gould)
The CAB (Civil Aeronautics Board) Is going
all out in its efforts to bail out the supple-
mental and all-cargo airlines at the expense
of the certificated carriers.
The most scandalous proposal is to give
the supplemental and all-cargo lines first
refusal on off-route freight and passenger
charters of the certified combination (pas-
senger and cargo) carriers.
At the same time, the supplemental and
the all-cargo lines would be allowed to fly
charters on the routes of the certificated car-
riers without any such clearance.
This Is nothing more than a handout.
which, Instead of coming from Government,
will come from the pocketbooks of the share-
owners in the major certificated carriers-
like Pan American, TWA, Northwest, United,
American, Eastern, and so on.
When the CAB opened the doors to the
supplemental and all-cargo lines. It adopted
a policy of barring them from subsidy. Now,
the CAB having erred originally, is attempt-
ing a backdoor subsidy for these carriers, few
of which are making money.
The charter raid Is In addition to the
CAB's effortsto swing to the all-cargo lines a
larger percentage of the transatlantic mili-
tary mail. This also would be at the expense
of the two transatlantic certificated carri-
ers-Pan American and TWA. A preceding
column exposed this.
CAB PROPOSES a-PERCENT CUT
Under present rules the combination car-
riers off-route charters are limited to 10
percent of their base on-route revenue plane
miles. The CAB now proposes to reduce
this to 2 percent. with a further limitation
that only a third of the 2 percent can be
down in any 3 consecutive months.
While off-route charters have only been
running a little better than 2 percent for a
12-month period, the CAB waves aside the
fact that this volume rises and falls accord-
ing to the season. So, under the proposed
plan, the combination carriers would be
greatly restricted In the period of peak busi-
ness-such as the summer months on the
Atlantic runs.
The big change, which would all but bar
the combination carriers from off-route char-
ters, is the proposal to grant first refusal
rights to the all-cargo and supplemental car-
riers. However, the supplemental and all-
cargo lines would not be required to grant
first refusal to the combination lines for
charters on their routes.
1 16
TWO BETS or ROLES
In other words, the door would be open
to virtually unrestricted competition on the
combination carriers' own routes, but the
combination lines would be restricted on
their off-route charters, in that they would
have to give first refusal to the supplemental
and all-cargo companies.
This tosses into the ashcan the original
premise whereby these other carriers were
set up. They were created to supplement-
not to supplant-the services of the older
and established combination carriers.
United Air Lines, In Its brief filed with the
CAB. states:
"The purpose of both of the proposed reg-
ulations * * * is to try to transfer traffic
of the combination carries to the supple-
mental and all-cargo.
"The proposed new volume limitation on
off-route charter mileage, together with the
proposed first refusal rights, are designed to
channel the combination carriers' off route
passenger charter business to the supple-
mentals and their off-route cargo charter
traffic to the all-cargo carriers.
"PROPOSALS CALLED ILLEGAL
"Similarly, the proposed policy statement
Is designed to divert substantial volumes of
the combination carriers' cargo traffic carried
on scheduled flights to the socalled all-cargo
carriers."
TWA which holds the Board's proposals are
illegal, makes this point:
"When Congress enacted the off-route
charter provisions of the act, it made the
conduct of such operations subject to Board
regulation for one basic reason-a congres-
sional desire toprotect regular route services
from being undermined by off-route opera-
tions."
Pan American also, in branding the pro-
posals as illegal, shows how ridiculous and
unfair they are, saying:
"An entirely new provision of the regula-
tions would require a carrier such as Pan
American to obtain the consent of any sup-
plemental carrier who had filed a notice with
it before performing any off-route passenger
charter, or to obtain specific authority from
the Board."
it is time Congress took another look at
the CAB, and at the same time check other
creatures of Its legislation as to usurping of
powers never intended by the lawmakers,
w--
Anti-Semitism in the Soviet Union
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. HENRY M. JACKSON
OF WASHINGTOB
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, April 16, 1964
Mr. JACKSON. Mr. President, for
some time there has been increasing evi-
dence of growing anti-Semitism within
the Soviet Union. All over the world,
freemen concerned about this ominous
campaign have spoken out against the
measures which deny Soviet Jews their
religious and cultural rights, and allow
political, social, and economic measures
against Jews.
In connection with this protest, the
Seattle Council of Rabbis has been active
in arousing the conscience of the public.
The Governor of our State proclaimed a
Sabbath of protest, which was widely ob-
served last month. As a continuing part
of this effort, I ask unanimous consent
that the proclamation of the Governor
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX A1907
be printed- in the Appendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the procla-
mation was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
STATEMENT BY TIlE GOVERNOR OF THE STATE OF
WASHINGTON
In flagrant violation of human rights, the
Soviet Government has subjected its Jew-
ish citizens to discrimination and persecu-
tion. The Jew in the Soviet Union suffers
unique religious, cultural, economic, and so-
cial discrimination.
We protest the attempt to strangle Russian
Jewry by prohibitions intended to leave the
Jew ignorant of Hebrew, bereft of rabbis and
lay leadership, deprived of Bibles, prayer-
books, and religious objects, lacking in jour-
nals and publications of Jewish content. We
protest the press campaign which condemns
Jews and Judaism as subversive. We protest
the discrimination in employment and edu-
cation which imposes economic penalties on
a man because of his religion. We protest the
unjust and severe punishments inflicted on
Jews for so-called economic crimes. We pro-
test the use of the Jew as a scapegoat, the
deliberate encouragement of popular anti-
Semitism, the systematic attempt to reduce
the Jew to a second-class citizen, the refusal
to grant him the enjoyment of his cultural
and spiritual heritage. We protest the inhu-
manity of a government which claims to
guarantee its citizens equal rights.
Now, therefore, I, Albert D. Rosellini, Gov-
ernor of the State of Washington, do hereby
designate 29th of Adar 5724 (March 14, 1964)
to be a "Sabbath of Protest" in the State of
Washington. On that day, Jews will gather
in their synagogs to protest on behalf of a
historic Jewish community, to call on their
fellow Americans to join in opposing this pol-
icy of evil, and to speak out lest silence en-
courage inhumanity.
ALBERT D. ROSELLINI,
Governor.
Private Enterprise in Latin America
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
. or
HON. ARMISTEAD ' I. SELDEN, JR.,
OF ALABAMA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, April 16, 1964
Mr. SELDEN. Mr. Speaker, many
times in recent years I have pointed out
the vital role that U.S. private business
investment must play if our country's
plans for Latin American economic de-
velopment are to succeed.
The unsettled economic and political
climate of many Latin American nations
has in the past deterred many U.S. in-
vestors from exploring business possi-
bilities in this area. Nevertheless, a
number of pioneer U.S. companies have
not only established operations in Latin.
America, but through the success of their
efforts have contributed greatly to hemi-
spheric progress and unity.
One company that has acted as an
economic pioneer in the Latin American
consumer area is Sears, Roebuck & ' Co.,
operating retail outlets in nine coun-
tries of Central and South America. Al-
though much has been written concern-
ng the contribution of Sears' operations
in Latin America, I was especially im-
"ressed by one article brought to my at-
:.cntion by Mr. William O. Kelleher, di-
rector-resident of Sears, Roebuck S.A.
With unanimous consent I therefore
insert the article entitled "American Re-
tailers-Brazilian Style," extracted from
the publication Brazilian Business, Into
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:
AMERICAN RETAILERS-BRAZILIAN STYLE
Every retail store in the free world has one
main overriding purpose-to get its merchan-
dise in the hands of the buying public. To
do this, it must boost the attractiveness of
the products offered for sale.
But, to be attractive, a product must have
many things. Among these, it must be prac-
tical, stylish, efficient, and priced well within
the purchasing power of the consumer,
And any store worth its salt must be able
to stand behind the quality of its goods;
that is, in spite of varying wholesaler or
manufacturer standards, a product which
reaches the hands of the buying public rep-
resents mainly the organization from which
it was purchased. Quantities of future sales
depend on the ultimate satisfaction the cus-
tomer received after his last cash outlay.
More. than 13 good years have passed since
cruzeiro-waving customers flooded into the
first store opened by Sears, Roebuck S.A. in
Brazil. From that day forward, the corpora-
tion has maintained a.high popularity quo-
tient in all areas. It has kept a rigid stand-
ard of attractively priced, quality merchan-
dise, created thousands of jobs, placed mil-
lions of cruzeiros' worth of factory orders, and
still has won a fair profit-much of which it
has been constantly reinvesting in Brazil
through further expansion.
One of the main keys to Sears' merchandis-
ing success in Brazil is what it calls product
development. In this country, it works in
four important ways:
1. Production of a completely new item,
not previously seen on the local market. A
dramatic example of this type of product is
Sears' homefreezer-almost unknown here
-pre-Sears-and which is expected to create a
demand for frozen foods in Brazil, and pos-
sibly a new industry,
2. Production of a new type of item, of
which there are other kinds already on the
market. In this category is Sears' introduc-
tion of the Brazilian-made Kenmore wash-
ing machine. An exact copy of the Kenmore
automatic in the United States, it washes by
agitation and dries by centrifugal spinning.
3. Improvement of an item already on the'
market. Babies' shoes have always been for
sale here, but it was Sears who first de-
manded that those in their stores should be
made without nails.
4. Invisible quality improvements. Such
an invisible improvement occurred after
Sears' discovery that, in an otherwise' excel-
lent electrical appliance made here, the
switch always gave way after a few hundred
movements. Result: the manufacturer,
grateful for the information, installed a
stronger switch.
There are several keys to Sears' success
in buying methods, unlocking the doors to
low-cost, high-quality merchandise. The
more than 100 buyers are in the habit of go-
ing to the manufacturing sources-not wait-
ing for the sources to come to them. This
helps to cut down on extra distribution
costs.
The company, when it agrees with a man-
ufacturer on the specifications of its mer-
chandise, gives high-volume, long-term or-
ders, which allows the source to efficiently
plan his future production. To maintain this
larger order policy, Sears tends to buy from
fewer sources, and it allows these suppliers
to work on certain merchandise "out of sea-
son," thus helping factories to avoid slack
periods.
Because Sears prepares its own advertis-
ing, it asks its sources not to include adver-
tising percentages in its bills; and because
Sears pays its bills on time, sources do not
include in their prices any reserve for bad
debts or late payments. Many other similar
savings are effected.
In spite of many regional difficulties, Sears
buyers follow these and other principles-
adapting them where necessary-in order to
help the corporation maintain its selling
policy: to sell better merchandise at prices
the same as those of the competition for
lower quality items, or, failing that, to sell
the same merchandise at lower prices than
competitors.
When the first Brazilian Sears store opened
in Sao Paulo in 1949, a relatively small per-
centage of the merchandise offered was made
in Brazil. Today, that figure is more than
98 percent, and the types of products being
offered in the company's nine stores are
constantly increasing.
"We regularly examine our U.S. Sears'
catalog and merchandise lists with the great-
est care," says Director-President Kelleher,
"to see which styles, which items, and which
features we can give to our Brazilian-made
merchandise. We feel that this is one of
the ways we can best justify our existence
here. And all this is within the framework
of the phrase that is compulsory in every
advertisement: 'Your Satisfaction Guaran
teed or Your Money Back.' "
Among the many satisfactions of store-
keeping, merchandise development is one of
the more fascinating, Kelleher points out.
Brazilian buyers for Sears have developed
such "firsts" here as' built-in collar stays in
men's shirts, a new-type paint roller, sev-
eral items of playground equipment, an ex-
pandable dress form, cushioned soled men's
shoes, travel diapers, and many others. Sears
has also brought tools and dies from the
United States of America to be used in Brazil-
ian production. A case in point was the set
of huge dies for a pressure cooker which has
since become one of the most popular in
the country.
Sears has contributed to the populariza-
tion of many consumer goods previously
only available to higher income brackets
here. These include such items as metal
kitchen cabinets; innerspring mattresses,
sofa beds (helped along by the decreasing
size of new apartments), and certain power
tools.
Although the innerspring mattress was
barely available here before Sears, the store
did much to develop it into a line-each item
of which presented different numbers of
springs, covers, and other features. A simi-
lar line was developed in juvenile furniture.
Sears also was the first to bring to Brazil
"thread-count" sheets which now enable
customers to compare price with specific
quality. Other textiles such as curtain ma-
terials and towels were adapted copies of
similar products sold by Sears in North
America.
Splendid furniture has been made in Bra-
zil for many years. But it was Sears, Roe-
buck's massive orders that allowed manu-
facturers to produce in cost-cutting quan-
tity-and with the same high quality.
In order to bring to Brazil the maximum
benefit of techniques developed over its 76
years of existence in the United States, Sears
once organized a suppliers "caravan" to the
home office in Chicago. A planeful of men
and women representing many local mer-
chandise sources conferred in the Windy City
with Sears' top supervisors and buyers.
Then they fanned out to factories of Sears
sources throughout the Nation where they
investigated many manufacturing tech-
niques. These suppliers returned to Brazil
with new ideas and thousands of samples of
merchandise that they could produce- in this
country.
Mass retailing demands mass advertising,
too. And from Sears' first opening in eight
full pages of advertising 13 years ago has
grown the ability of consumers to shop by
newspapers. Other stores jumped on the ad-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
verticing wave, and newspapers, of course.
have grown in size, power, and independence.
When Sears first opened its doors, several
persons feared that through its efficient
methods of buying, p:'omotton, service and
selling, it would have such an Impact as to
drive other stores out of business. Impact
it had, but other retailers after casting a
careful eye on what Sears was doing, began
to follow Its techniques. They began to
grow and develop beyond what they might
have attained had they not had a new com-
petitor Some have said that Sears has
acted as a standard against which other
retailers could measure themselves. Today,
each new large store set up by competing or-
ganizations tends to employ many variations
of principles brought to Brazil by Sears.
One of these methods is the open counter
display. When Sears began to display its
merchandise in open counters Instead of
closed glass showcases, many persons made
dire predictions of areas shoplifting. But
Sears' experience in t'ie United States had
shown them that merchandise in open dis-
plays sold better than In closed cases. Shop-
lifting, as it turned ou,, was no more preva-
lent in Brazil than in stores in the United
States.
Other stores then began to follow the open-
counter trend, and the furniture manufac-
turer who had made the displays for Sears
soon found he had orders rolling in from
other stores as well. Other Sears' innovations
such as air conditioning, fast cash-register
service, and piped-In music were also copied
In varying degrees.
Some of Sears' methods adopted elsewhere
were a direct result of competitive stores'
hiring of Sears-trained personnel. One of
these was the unit-control system of count-
ing and ordering merchandise. These stores
followed up on these methods by creating
their own training programs based on those
of Sean; and other U.S. retailers.
Customer service was another innovation
in which Sears led the field. The store's in-
sistence on a "We Service What We Sell"
policy set a new standard in the maintenance
of spare parts and a ce.rps of trained repair-
men for household appliances and other me-
chanical merchandise.
The "one-stop shopping" concept was an-
other idea that Sears f.uccessfully formed in
the minds of the public. Even though there
were stores in existence with relatively wide
ussortrnents of merchandise, It still was
somewhat of an Initial shock to Latin Amer-
icans that the same store would sell diapers
and lathes, white shirts and tires, and hot
dogs and refrigerators all under the same
roof.
A lees-accentuated trend, but one bound
to increase, was begun by Sears when they
began locating their stores away from city
centers. With the increase In cars and traf-
fic in Brazil, the difficulty of downtown shop-
ping is becoming more acute and suburban
shopping is consequeni?ly not only more con-
venient, but almost necessary.
Sears' policy of promoting personnel from
within has also been reflected in other firms.
The store's promotion policy has seen the
quickly increasing replacement of North
American employees with Brazilian nationals.
Seven of Sears' nine stores are managed by
men born In this eou:ttry. (And the other
two have an important stake in Brazil by
marriage.) Of 66 North American employees
who opened the Sears stores in Brazil. only
8 remain.
Sears took another pioneering step In
Brazil when it systematically organized its
contributions to worthy causes. A fixed per-
centage of Its sales was established as the
pattern within which donations would be
made. Most of this help has been given to
education, some of these through a series of
5-year plans of student scholarships and aid
to university librarle#. Institutions which
have benefited from gals Sears' program In-
elude the University of Brazil, the Catholic
University of Sao Paulo, the Catholic Univer-
sity of Rio de Janeiro, the University of Sao
Paulo, and Mackenzie University.
HELP FOR CHARFTIEs
Sears' efforts in corporate citizenship have
not been limited to education, however. Ac-
tive help has been given to such organiza-
tions as Rio's Museum of Modern Art, the
Association of Help to Crippled Children in
Sao Paulo. the Young Men's Christian As-
sociation, and many local charities, in more
than 250 donations a year.
Community relations projects in general
rank high up on Seere' program Mt. Last
December, there was the promotion of an
employee contest for a "Sears' Citizen of the
Diamond Jubilee Year," a companywide
effort to recognize employees who had done
the most for their communities. An annual
project to the "Festival of National Prog-
ress"-a twofold program which ties In a
show of the latest Brazilian merchandise
development with a sales promotion.
Internal public relations programs directed
to employees are many. There are such di-
vergent elements as the publication of an
employee house organ called Noti-Sears, a
subsidized group life-insurance program,
morale surveys, illness allowances, aid to em-
ployee clubs and sports teams, sending as-
lected personnel for U.S. training, such drives
as blood donation and fire prevention, "know
your country" and "know democracy" pro-
grams, religious projects such as a Paschal
Mass in all units, and efforts promoting In-
ter-American understanding.
Said Kelleher In a recent interview: "It to
not easy to summarize the divergent results
of thousands of dedicated men and women
over a span of more than a dozen years.
"All we can say is that we hope-we sin-
cerely believe-that we have played a part In
the development of this great'oountry."
Dr. Leonard F. Herzog II Wins Free
-Enterprise Award
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. HUGH SCOTT
or PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Thursday, April 16, 1964
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, yesterday
in New York City at the Waldorf-Astoria
Hotel, the Free Enterprise Awards Asso-
ciation presented citations to 10 men who
have proved that the American dream of
rising to the height of a profession is
stilt a reality, no matter how diverse the
circumstances, or how formidable the
task.
One of the recipients of these awards
is a Pennsylvanian, Dr. Leonard F. Her-
zog II, founder and president of Nuclide
Corp., a Pennsylvania-based firm.
Dr. Herzog, with the help of his asso-
ciates, built Nuclide from a one-room
laboratory to three buildings. The 125
scientists and technicians presently em-
ployed at Nuclide develop standard and
custom built mass spectrometers, spec-
trographs, and other technical apparatus
for the analysis of isotopes, gases, liquids,
and solids. The firm's products can be
used for such diverse purposes as lunar
exploration and heart research. Known
worldwide for Its technological excel-
lence, Nuclide recently received the
President's "E" Award for Its growing
April 16
exports and its ability to compete suc-
cessfully in this highly sophisticated
market.
A sergeant In World War II, Dr. Herzog
worked his way through undergraduate
and graduate schools as a gasmeter
reader and a reporter. He earned a
bachelor's degree at the California Insti-
tute of Technology, an engineering de-
gree at Oregon State and a Ph. D. at
Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Dr. Herzog, a recognized authority on
cosmochemistry and instrumental an-
alysis, is a part-time professor at Penn-
sylvania State College.
Dr. Herzog is a good example of the
type of man that leads industry in
Pennsylvania: he is purposeful, dynamic,
efficient, and resourceful. To the com-
mendations already given to him and his
firm, I would like to add my own.
A Master of Phrase and of Strategy
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. ROBERT DOLE
Or KANSAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, April 16, 1964
Mr. DOLE. Mr. Speaker, Gen. Doug-
las MacArthur has left us, but his mem-
ory shall live forever. His dedication to
high principle, his genius for leadership,
and his allegiance to the cause of free-
dom dramatically served the American
Ideal. He once stated:
My work is my life. To live is to function.
This energy, this purpose, combined
with his Inner conviction has moved his-
tory another step forward and all Kan-
sans mourn his passing.
A fitting editorial tribute recently ap-
peared in the Salina (Kans.) Journal. I
ask unanimous consent to insert it in
the RECORD:
A MASTER or Pnaasx AND Or STRATEGY
"An old soldier who tried to do his duty
as God gave him the light to see that duty.".
Such was General MacArthur's own obitu-
ary, spoken to the Congress.
For a man who was master of the phrase
as well as the master of tactics, for a man
who made his own history and cast his own
heroic and dramatic role therein, these words
suffice.
But it should be noted that his light was
a blazing sun of ambition, whatever its
source might have been.
And because MacArthur's light and the Na-
tion's light coincided, because both the
United States and its foremost general have
enjoyed a sense of great mission and great
ambition, we pay tribute today to an old
soldier who was never that, to one who
could never "just fade away."
You should be sentimental about Gen-
eral MacArthur because he encouraged sen-
timent, manufactured it, lived by it. -Senti-
ment was part of his weaponry. He de-
ployed it precisely upon a vast stage and
at the right moment, delivered with Jovian
mastery. The miracle was he had the logis-
tical power to augment sentiment with the
Nation's thunderbolts. With ships and men
and guns, he did return.
Here was a great Shakespearian drama
that you and I saw, in the flesh. It was be-
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