CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130009-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 29, 2003
• Sequence Number: 9
• Publication Date: August 19, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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20300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE August 19, 1965
legislative week. It will be my intention
to ask to go over when I have announced
the program for next week.
Mr. Speaker, I might advise my col-
leagues that next week legislativewise
will be a very important week.
The program is as follows:
Monday is District Day?no District
bills.
H.R. 9022, assistance for public schools
affected by major disasters and base clos-
ing; uniformity of eligibility require-
ments under Public Law 874, 81st Con-
gress;
House Joint Resolution 403, 22d World
Health Assembly?open rule, 1 hour de-
bate;
H.R. 7811, authorizing the sale or loan
of naval vessels to friendly Latin Ameri-
can countries?open rule, 1 hour debate;
H.R. 7812, authorizing the loan of
naval vessels to Italy and Spain?open
rule, 1 hour debate;
H.R. 7813, authorizing the loan of
naval vessels to Turkey, China, and the
Philippines?open rule, 1 hour debate;
H.R. 8333, establishing a program of
cash awards for members of the Armed
Forces and for other purposes?open
rule, 1 hour debate; and
H.R. 2091, relating to the establish-
ment of concession policies in the areas
administered by National Park Serv-
ice?open rule, 2 hours debate.
For Tuesday and the balance of the
week, the supplemental appropriations,
1966, Departments of Labor and Health,
Education, and Welfare.
H.R. 2580, amending the immigration
and Nationality Act, and for other pur-
poses?open rule, 5 hours debate, making
it in order to consider the committee sub-
stitute as an original bill for the pur-
pose of amendment;
H.R. 9567, Higher Education Act of
1965?open rule, 2 hours debate; the bill
is to be read for amendment by titles in-
stead of by sections;
H.R. 9042, Automotive Products Trade
Act of 1965.
This announced program is made sub-
ject to the usual reservations that con-
ference reports may be brought up at
any time and that any further program
may be announced later.
ADJOURNMENT TO MONDAY NEXT
Mr. ALBERT. Now, Mr. Speaker, if
the gentleman will yield for the purpose
of some unanimous-consent requests, I
ask unanimous consent that when the
House adjourns today it adjourn to meet
on Monday next.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
DISPENSING WITH CALENDAR
WEDNESDAY
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the business in
order on Calendar Wednesday of next
week be dispensed with.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
SUBCOMMIi-rEE NO. 2 OF THE
SELECT COMMITTEE ON SMALL
BUSINESS
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, on behalf
of the gentleman from New York [Mr.
MULTER], I ask unanimous consent that
Subcommittee No. 2 of the Select Com-
mittee on Small Business may have per-
mission to sit during general debate while
the House is in session on Tuesday,
Wednesday, and Thursday of next week.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
SUBCOMMITTEE ON ACCOUNTS OF
HOUSE ADMINISTRATION COM-
MITTEE
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, on be-
half of the gentleman from Maryland,
I ask unanimous consent that the Sub-
'committee on Accounts of the Commit-
tee on House Administration may sit
while the House is in general debate on
August 23.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, reserving
the right to object, I would like to in-
quire of the majority leader if the bill
is to be read by title and if it is his under-
standing the rule provides that it be open
to amendment at any point as the titles
are read?
Mr. ALBERT. The bill is to be read
by title instead of by sections.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Okla-
homa?
There was no objection.
CORRECTION OF ROLLCALL
Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, on roll-
call No. 240 of Tuesday, page 19932 of the
RECORD, I am listed as being absent. I
was here in the Chamber and answered
"present" to my name and I ask unani-
mous consent that the RECORD may be
corrected accordingly.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Illi-
nois?
There was no objection.
STEPHEN M. PETERSON AGAINST
H. R. GROSS (H. DOC. NO. 271)
The SPEAKER laid before the House
the following communication, which was
read, referred to the Committee on House
Administration, and ordered to be
printed:
OFFICE OF THE CLERK,
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
Washington, D.C., August 18, 1965.
The Honorable the SPEAKER,
House of Representatives.
SIR: From the contestee in the contested-
election case of Stephen M. Peterson against
H. R. Gross, from the Third Congressional
District of the State of Iowa, the Clerk has
received a motion to waive filing of briefs,
for immediate hearing, and to dismiss con-
tested-election, Third Congressional District
of Iowa.
The communication in this matter is being
transmitted for referral to the appropriate
Committee of the House of Representatives.
Respectfully yours,
RALPH R. ROBERTS,
Clerk, U.S. House of R resentatives.
EDI
AL .N TN
(Mr. RUMSFELD (at the r quest of
Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, I be-
lieve the following significant and timely
editorial which appeared in today's issue
of the New York Times and which ds-
cusses our involvement in Vietnam merits
wide attention. I concur in the con-
clusion expressed therein that the people
of the United States must know not only
how their country became involved but
where we are heading.
In this connection, Mr. Speaker, my
testimony before the Joint Committee on
the Organization of the Congress raised
the question as to what was the desirable
degree congressional involvement in na-
tional security and foreign policy
decisionmaking. Again in my separate
views on H.R. 5665, to authorize dis-
bursements to armed forces of friendly
foreign nations?which the House Com-
mittee on Government Operations re-
ported earlier this month?I discuss
briefly the trend in recent years toward
the yielding up by the Congress of its
constitutional responsibility with respect
to its powers relating to the declaring of
war. I am including these views here-
with for the possible interest of the
Members and to stress once more the
deep significance of this matter to the
Nation and our system of government.
The material referred to follows:
[From the New York Times]
THE EISENHOWER DEMURRER
The battle on the Van Tuong peninsula
makes evident the extent to which American
troops are now directly engaged in combat in
South Vietnam. In these circumstances the
question of how the United States got into
this land war in Asia takes on political as
well as historical interest.
Both were involved in the remarks of for-
mer President Eisenhower, who conferred
with Republican congressional leaders, then
demurred from President Johnson's frequent
suggestion that the current military involve-
ment in Vietnam is the consequence of a
Republican commitment given in 1954. The
fact that the Korean war became a critical
domestic political issue in 1952 is in all
minds.
General Eisenhower emphasized his belief
that "the Communists must be stopped in
Vietnam." But he said that his October 1954
letter to President Ngo Dinh Diem, of ten
quoted by President Johnson, was a pledge
of foreign aid, not military involvement.
And he stressed that he never made a uni-
lateral military commitment to South Viet-
nam, only a multilateral engagement throuri
the southeast Asia Treaty Organization.
Both points are well taken.
It was a unilateral decision by President
Kennedy in 1961?not a SEATO decision?
that launched the program of masrive
American military assistance to South Viet-
nam. Most Asians and most American allies
in Europe have always had deep reservationo
about it. This undoubtedly will continue to
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August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE 20299
road grade crossings which were to create
work for the unemployed and reduce a traffic
hazard which claimed the lives of many peo-
ple annually. It was financed by a 2-cent
increase in the gasoline tax. Most impor-
tant, in the special session of 1931 the
groundwork for the first unemployment com-
pensation program in the United States was
laid. Some of the excessive tax burden on
property was reduced by shifting more of
the levy to the income tax. An inescapable
problem was to raise money for direct relief
and again the legislature turned to the in-
come tax. Because c:rf the financial difficul-
ties of the State, the Governor in January,
1932, voluntarily took a 20-percent reduction
In salary.
LaFollette's first term may be character-
ized in the second place by an effort to rede-
fine the function of govern/tent. The long
period of economic development had been
associated with the minimum of govern-
mental interference. It was IAFollette's
feeling that it was the function of govern-
ment to take a more active part in the long-
range planning of the economy. Although
his first term saw a breakthrough in author-
ity of municipalities to establish power-
plants through revenue bonding, it was not
until his third term that his most compre-
hensive plans were proposed.
In 1932 LaFollette again met Walter J.
Kohler, Sr., in the primary election for the
gubernatorial nomination, and this time
Kohler won by nearly a hundred thoUsand
Votes. The Roosevelt landslide aided by the
support of the progressive element of the
Republican Party resulted in the election of
label I, Schmedeman, a Democrat, as Gov-
ernor with Democratic control of the assem-
bly and Republican control of the senate.
After 1932 the progressive element of the
Republican Party considered the question Of
working from within the Republican Party
or establishing a new party. Contrary to the
decbaion made earlier by the eider La F'oi-
lette, the new generation of progressives de-
termined to establish a new party and in the
spring of 1934 the Progressive Party was cre-
ated in Fond du Lac. Phil La Follette was
Its candidate for Governor and in a 3-cor-
nered rate against the incumbent Schmede-
man and Howard Greene Who Was the Re-
publican candidate, La Follette won the elec-
tion of 1934 by less than 16.000 votes.
Two years later La Follette was again the
candidate of the Progressive Party while
Alexander Wiley was the Republican candi-
date and Lueck the Democratic contestant.
La Follette polled over 200,000 votes more
than Wiley and over 300,000 votes more than
Lueck. He also secured a working majority
La both houses of the legislature.
La Follette had long advocated the
strengthening of the executive branch of the
State government, and when he began his
second term in 1935 he sought to bring that
about. Granted authority to reorganize the
administrative agencies, he issued a series
of orders which sought to accomplish this.
While this authority of the Governor and
the resulting orders were quickly abolished
in 1939 when the Republicans gained control
of the government, a substantial number of
the reforms ultimately crept back into the
State organizational pattern.
Among his proposals was an executive
council composed at legislators and laymen
created to study legislative problems and
submit such problems to the legislature.
Many people consider it the predecessor of
the now well-established legislative council.
Much of La Follette's last 2 terms, 1935-39,
were concerned with reestablishing eco-
nomic stability in the State and Improving
the public assistance program, but he did not
lose sight of his long-range objective of pub-
lic participation in the programs of long-
range economic planning. Out of it came the
Wisconsin Development Authority, some-
No. 153-10
times known as the Little TVA, and the
Wisconsin Agricultural Authority, but court
decisions ciraturtscribing their fields of en-
deavor and subsequent unsympathetic legis-
latures prevented these concepts from being
firmly established.
In 1938 the National Progressive Associa-
tion was launched in Madison, the main
thesis of which was to bring the liberals of
the various parties together In order to stim-
ulate the creation of such a party within
the several States. La Follette won the can-
didacy of the Progressive Party for the gov-
ernorship, but when the election was over
Julius Hell, the Milwaukee industrialist who
started in America as an immigrant boy,
had beaten La Follette by nearly 200,000
votes.
The La Follette administrations, 1931-33,
1935-39, were periods of aggressiveness on
the part of the executive. In the legisla-
tive session of 1937 the strong hand of the
executive in shaping the legislative program
probably reached its peak.
1.15 RETIRES TO PRIVATE PRACTICE AS AN
ATTORNEY
After La Follette retired from the gover-
norship in 1939, he returned to his law prac-
tice. As the clouds of World War II began
to gather, he applied for active duty in the
Army, and spent 34 months of the war in
the Southwest Pacific Theater where he ren-
dered distinguished service on the staff of
General MacArthur.
Placed on inactive duty in 1945, he re-
turned to hie law practice, and was associ-
ated with the law firm which ultimately
became La Follette, Sinykin, and Doyle in
Madison. An able attorney, he rapidly
gained the financial rewards which public
office had denied him. His business interests
in the field of electronics caused him to
move to New York in the early 1950's, but
he continued his association with his law
firm in Madison to which he returned In
1969. Having attained the governorship at
33, he still retains the vigor of maturity
and remains the dean of the surviving
ex-Governors of Wisconsin.
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
1VIr. KASTENMEIER, Mr. Speaker, I
a.sk unanimous consent that all Members
have 5 legislative days in which to ex-
tend their remarks on the passing of
Philip LaPollette.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Wis-
consin?
There was no objection.
CORRECTION OF VOTE
Mr. TUPPER. Mr. Speaker, on roll-
call No. 242 I am recorded as not voting.
I was present and voted "aye." I ask
unanimous consent that the permanent
RECORD be corrected accordingly.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Maine?
There was no objection.
OF CABBAGES AND MOVIE KINGS
(Mr. VAN DEERLIN asked and was
given permission to address the House for
1 minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, my
good friend and colleague from Ohio [Mr.
Devneul brightened yesterday's Recoil])
by inserting a dinner address delivered in
his State recently by actor Ronald Rea-
gan. The speech honored another of our
colleagues, a highly esteemed Member
across the aisle. Mr. ASHBROOK. It may
be found beginning on page 20197.
Reports in California are that Mr.
Reagan's advertising agency, seeking a
"new image," for their client, had ordered
him kept under wraps for a few weeks
while they prepared a new basic speech
for him. It was with keen anticipation,
therefore, that I made my way through
Reagan's printed remarks as inserted by
Mr. DEVINE in the RECORD.
I was disappointed. It proved to be
the same old speech?right down to a
paragraph which, error for error, was
the same as he delivered 2 months ago in
San Diego, Calif. I quote:
The Declaration of Independence has 300
words?that's all it took for that immortal
document. The Federal Government recent-
/y issued a ruling related to cabbage and it
took 29,911 words.
Mr. Speaker, Ronald Reagan is an
avowed candidate for the Republican
nomination for Governor of California,
and I will leave it to State officials to
check the accuracy of his statements if
and when he begins talking about the
problems of California. Let us hope that
the ad agency will then provide him with
firmer facts.
The Department of Agriculture has no
knowledge of a ruling related to cab-
bage?of 29,911 words or any comparable
word count. I am afraid that a lifetime
in the world of make-believe has caused
Mr. Reagan to fall for one of the most
durable hoaxes in political or publishing
history. For I recall that this little squib
about the verbose cabbage order first
turned up in public prints during Korean
war days. The baseless item bounced
from newspaper to newspaper, each
crediting the other, and it finally achieved
the status of a "filler" in Reader's Digest.
But the item was no more reliable then
than now. If Mr. Reagan can substanti-
ate his tale that "the Federal Govern-
ment recently issued a ruling related to
cabbage and it took 29,911 words," I will
Personally undertake to raise $1,000 for
his upcoming gubernatorial campaign.
If he cannot, I implore him to drop his
standby speech until the agency writers
have provided one which, hopefully, will
be better researched.
PROGRAM FOR THE BALANCE OF
THE WEEK AND FOR NEXT WEEK
(Mr. GERALD R. FORD asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
I have asked for this time for the pur-
pose of inquiring of the distinguished
majority leader the program for the re-
mainder of the week and the program for
next week.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the
distinguished minority leader yield to
me?
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I yield to
the gentleman from Oklahoma.
Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, in re-
sponse to the inquiry of the gentleman
from Michigan, we have concluded our
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20301
AMU II
be one of the heaviest mortgages on Ameri-
can policy in southeast Asia and it would be
unwise to ignore it.
The shift from military assistance and
combat advice to direct participation by
American combat troops in the Vietnamese
war has again been a unilateral American
decision, this time by President Johnson.
Not only was congressional debate avoided,
but there were repeated denials that such a
decision had been made. Indeed, the whole
effort was to make it appear that nothing
had changed in American policy since 1954.
The American predicament in Vietnam is
likely to deepen long before it is eased.
American casualties are certain to mount.
Solutions are complicated by a colonial heri-
tage not of American making, but of which
Americans unfortunately may become the
heirs as their military numbers grow on
Asian soil and as their firepower, unavoid-
ably, takes a toll of civilians as well as
guerrillas.
The military decisions of the past closed
out diplomatic options that then were open.
This is what must be avoided in the future.
Difficult decisions that lie immediately ahead
may become even more difficult politically
when warfare gives way to negotiation, as
one day it must. It is essential that the
country be clear at every stage where it is
being led and why. If this has not always
been the case in the past, it is all the more
reason for straightforwardness to be the rule
now.
SEPARATE VIEWS OF HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
I support H.R. 5665 as a bill that is un-
questionably necessary, but have certain res-
ervations which are stated below.
COMMENTS ON N.R. 5665
First, with respect to details of the bill, it
is my impression that it is loosely drawn.
The term "friendly nations" is not defined.
Amid recent press reports that the U.S. Gov-
ernment was supporting financially two sets
of combatant troops which were fighting
each other in the muddled Dominican Re-
public crises, this broad disretionary lan-
guage in the bill gains particlar significance.
Further, there is no dollar limit as to the
amount of funds which may be used under
the provisions of the bill, nor is there any
provision as to how long such dollar advances
may continue or remain outstanding. Re-
grettably, the 11 pages of hearings are sketchy
on these points.
THE QUESTION ON PRESIDENTIAL "PEACETIME"
WAR POWERS
H.R. 5665 represents but one small step in
the post-World War II trend toward the
voluntary piecemeal yielding up of Congress
constitutional responsibility with respect to
its powers relating to the declaring of war.
The various legislative committees of the
Congress deal separately with a whole range
of proposals relating directly or indirectly to
the Executive's "emergency" or "war" powers,
not on a systematic basis based on a compre-
hensive study of this significant constitu-
tional question, but rather on a piecemeal
basis, in each seemingly minor instance to
meet a very real and often pressing need of
the moment.
The United States--according to top ad-
ministration officials?is at war, whatever
that means. I suggest that it is past time for
the Congress to undertake a comprehensive
study of this question in an attempt to de-
fine present meanings of such terms as "war,"
"limited war," "conflict," "police action," and
other types of military or quasi-military in-
volvements and, in fact, the whole spectrum
of war situations which have or might re-
place the more conventional wars of past dec-
ades. Such a study should include consid-
eration of each legislative committee's in-
volvement in issues of national security and
foreign policy and of existing statutes relat-
ing to Presidential powers in situations short
of declared war. Earlier this year in my testi-
mony before the Joint Committee on the
Organization of the Congress, I urged that
that committee consider this problem area
(see pp. 17783-17785, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD,
July 97, 1965).
Further, I urge that consideration be given
to establishing policy guidelines with respect
to the desirable degree of congressional in-
volvement in each such situation and, con-
versely, the degree to which it is desirable
to expand or decrease Presidential power in
the various undeclared war situations so
defined.
It is not necessary, desirable, or even safe
for Congress to drift along with the country
obviously at war, without either declaring
war (which I am not suggesting) or, at least,
redefining the term "war." It is the Con-
gress' responsibility to determine and de-
fine, within the Constitution, the desirable
degree of congressional involvement in the
conduct of foreign policy and national se-
curity decisionmaking, and establish reason-
able criteria upon which the distribution
of power between Congress and the executive
can be effected in an era of "limited war."
Unless this is done, the once delicate balance
of power between these two branches of
Government will be decisively altered.
CONCLUSION
It would be easy to dismiss the questions
raised on this rather obscure bill in that by
itself this bill has little significance. How-
ever, if the Congress continues to dismiss
such questions on this and similar bills, and
on the constitutional question here raised,
it is ignoring an issue vital to the existence
of our system of Government. Possibly, it
is 'wise to extend the "peacetime" emer-
gency war powers of the President as is done
by this bill, but it is clearly unwise to do so
on any basis other than on a thoughtfully
conceived systematic basis.
Congress should not Continue to run the
risk of being held accountable by future
generations as bearing the principal responsi-
bility for the inevitable alteration, or, to be
specific, diminution, of its role, and thereby
of the people's role, in world affairs, and for
the revision and violation of, our system of
checked and balanced power.
(NoTE.?The Honorable ROBERT P. GRIFFIN
concurs in the a ve views of Mr. RUMSFELD.)
SAL THE ThOOPS
(Mr. 'UTT (at the request of Mr. WAT-
SON) was granted permission to extend
his remarks at this point in the RECORD
and to include extraneous matter.)
Mr. UTE Mr. Speaker, in this day
and age, headlines are being grabbed by
groups of rabble rousers opposed to a
firm U.S. stand in southeast Asia, by
individuals who won't stand up and be
counted on the side of our great national
heritage but would rather lie down and
be carried away in apparent support of
Communist terrorism. Therefore, it
gives me a great deal of pride to be able
to point to a group of patriotic American
citizens who have come forward to de-
fend the men who are fighting for our
liberties.
In Escondido, Calif., a group of local
businessmen have come up with a won-
derful idea to help boost the morale of
our fighting men in Vietnam. They are
circulating a petition, with an attached
endorsement by the city council, saluting
the important job American Armed
Forces are doing in Vietnam. They ex-
pect to gather 10,000 signatures of en-
dorsement and then turn the resolution
over to the military newspaper Stars and
Stripes, so that the story can reach our
men overseas.
I commend these good citizens for
their idea and their work in executing
it. I hope that by their good example
they will inspire men and women in
other communities across the country to
follow suit.
The vast majority of the people in
this country are in favor of taking a
strong stand in Vietnam. When a minor
flank of leftwing beatniks moves in to
try to destroy the American will to pro-
tect freedom, every patriotic citizen
should be happy to put his signature on
the line in opposition.
Mr. Speaker, as part of my remarks I
would like to include a copy of a letter
written to the President by the origi-
nators of this idea, a copy of the resolu-
tion, and two newspaper stories relating
to this subject:
ESCONDIDO, CALIF.,
August 12, 1965.
President LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
Mr. PRESIDENT: In view of the many dem-
onstrations going on in this country against
the U.S. policies in Vietnam, we thought it
hightime for the responsible citizens of this
country to voice their opinion.
The attached roll, "Salute to the Troops
in Vietnam," was the result, together with
a resolution of the city council of the city
of Escondido, Calif. Our thought, Mr. Pres-
ident, in sending this to you is to express
the viewpoint of the majority, that as Amer-
icans we know our responsibilities; that we
will always uphold the honor and dignity of
this Nation; that we are proud of our fight-
ing men and women in Vietnam which makes
freedom possible.
Enclosed are clippings from the Escondido
and San Diego newspapers giving us pub-
licity in support of this movement. Also,
local radio has been very generous in giving
us free time. Local church groups are car-
rying this message in their Sunday services.
On completion of this drive we intend to
forward these signatures together with the
city council resolution to the Stars and
Stripes and other media of communication
of our service personnel in Vietnam. In this
respect any help you can give us would be
appreciated.
One personal note, Mr. President: The three
undersigned individuals salute you in this
crisis and offer our prayers for your con-
tinued good health and judgment. God
bless you.
Respectl'ully yours,
STUART G. HUNT,
Veteran World War 11 and Korea,
San Diego, Calif. .
EARL W. STRONG,
Colonel, U.S. Air Force, retired,
Escondido, Calif.
JAMES R. BRIGHAM,
Escondido, Calif.
REsoLuTioN 3238
Resolution of the City Council of the City
of Escondido expressing gratitude from the
citizens of said city to the Armed Forces
serving in Vietnam
Whereas thousands of American service-
men have been ordered to combat in Viet-
nam while at home the issues of the U.S.
involvement are being debated; and
Whereas this Council as an elected body
representing this community, and the indi-
vidual members thereof, wish to express to
their fellow citizens serving in the Army,
Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, who are
pledging their lives to the principles of free-
dom, our awareness of their sacrifice: Now,
therefore, be it
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Xesolved by the City Council of the City
of Escondido, Calif., That this Council on
behalf of itself and on behalf of the people
of the city of Escondido, hereby declares
that we are proud of the members of the
Armed Forces participating in the war in
Vietnam, for they are upholding the honor
and dignity of this Nation; and that we
have deep respect for these servicemen, for
they have not wavered in their duty to fight
their country's battles; and that we are
grateful to these men, for they are enabling
us to continue to enjoy our freedom and
prosperity; and be it further
Resolved, That the city clerk be, and she
is hereby authorized and directed to furnish
copies of this resolution to all who may
request it, so that it may be endorsed by
those individuals and organizations who
concur therein, and so that its message may
be communicated to as many serving our
country in the Vietnam area as is possible.
Attest:
LINA M. HILL,
City Clerk of the City of Escondido,
Calif.
Passed, adopted, and approved by the City
Council of the City of Escondido this 4th
day of August 1965.
ROBERT F. HARDING,
KENNETH M. ROBERTS,
FRED W. SPEER%
LLOYD I. TIIRRENT/NE,
CoUncibnen.
Lraris P, TUSTIN,
Mayor.
[From the Daily Times-Advocate, Escondido,
Calif., Aug. 6, 1965]
TEN THOUSAND SIGNERS WANTED FOR
SALUTE TO MILITARY
A group of Escondido businessmen will
hold a public meeting at 5 p.m. Monday an
the council chambers at city hall seeking
volunteers to pass petitions saluting U.S.
military personnel in Vietnam. The lanai-
nessraen are Stuart Hunt, Earl Strong, and
JIM Brigham.
The group indicated the move is purely
nonpolitical in nature. They said 'signing
of the petition by Escondidans would be only
for publicizing the fact that the work being
accomplished by our service personnel is ap-
preciated. They hope to have at least 10,000
signatures on the petition and the story
printed in Stars and Stripes, the military
newspaper overseas.
BEGIN TUESDAY
Plans are for circulation of the petitions
to begin Tuesday and continue for 2 weeks.
Also included will be a request for a banner
to span Grand Avenue asking the people
to salute the military personnel.
The group asks that any service club or
organization interested in assisting in the
program to send representatives to the meet-
ing.
Following is the resolution unanmiously
passed by the city council Wednesday night
expressing gratitude from the citizens of the
city to the Armed Forces serving in Vietnam:
"Whereas thousands of American service-
men have been ordered to combat in Vietnam
While at home the issues of the 17.5. in-
volvement are being debated; and
"Whereas this council, as an elected body
representing this community, and the in-
dividual members thereof, wish to express to
their fellow citizens serving in the Army,
Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps who are
pledging their lives to the principles of free-
dom, our awareness of their sacrifice: Now,
therefore, be it
"Resolved by the City Council of the City
of Escondido, Calif., That this council, on
behalf of itself and on behalf of the people
of the city of Escondido, hereby declares that
we are proud of the members of the Armed
Forces participating In the war in Vietnam
for they are upholding the honor and dignity
of this Nation; and that we have deep re-
spect for these servicemen for they have not
wavered in their duty to fight their country's
battles; and that we are grateful to these
men for they are enabling us to continue to
enjoy our freedom and prosperity; and be
it further
"Resolved, That the city clerk be, and she is
hereby authorized and directed to furnish
copies of this resolution to all who may re-
quest it, so that it may be endorsed by those
individuals and organizations who concur
therein, and so that its message may be com-
municated to as many men serving our coun-
try in the Vietnam area as is possible."
[From the San Diego Union]
THREE ESCONDIDANS Map GI VIET
MORALE DRIVE
EscoNomo.?Three Escondidans have
started a drive to counteract the impressions
of many servicemen in Vietnam that civilians
beak home are apathetic or opposed to the
war efforts in the Par East.
"Let's face it," commented one of the
three, Earl Strong. "Those boys are over
there because of us. They have to stay there
and take it. And when they read the head-
lines about protest marches against the war,
they wonder: `What am I doing here?'"
COUNCIL RESOLUTION
Strong should know What the boys in Viet-
nam are thinking, because he served his last
two tours of duty there before retiring as a
colonel from the Air Force last year.
"What we are trying to do is to get a
grass-roots, nonpolitical movement started to
let the men over there know that the people
over here appreciate the sacrifice they are
making," Strong explained.
The idea turned into reality when Strong,
Jim Brigham, and Stuart Hunt convinced
the Escondido city council to pass a resolu-
tion putting this sentiment into a written
pat on the back.
Brigham, a rancher, thought of the idea,
and recruited Strong and Hunt?a Korean
veteran and prisoner of war during World
War II?as technical advisers for his project.
YOUNGSTERS INTERESTED
Armed with the formal resolution of the
council, the three now are planning a volun-
teer campaign to obtain several thousand
signatures from citizens who also want to
send their prayers and gratitude to the men
serving in Vietnam.
"We hope this idea will spread," said
Strong. "We want to make it a personal
thing. A letter to the individual serviceman
from the people back home."
Plans for an area campaign to obtain sig-
natures on the official resolution will be
made at a Monday meeting at 5 p.m. in the
city council chambers.
"We need hundreds of volunteers, and we
are hoping to get youngsters interested in
helping us. They are a wonderful bunch,
and we need their drive and spirit."
When Strong expresses hope that the ?idea
of the drive will mushroom, he's speaking
nationally. "There ought to be a lot of other
communities doing the same thing. This is
a morale problem we are fighting."
Brigham's idea already has caught fire in
the north county community. Clubs and
churches contacted have agreed to help with
the signature campaign. Individual volun-
teers are expected to be recruited at next
week's open meeting.
"We think that this is the first effort of its
kind," Strong stressed. "We sure hope it
won't be the last."
DR. WEAVER'S ASSERTION THAT
DISDAIN FOR THE POOR HINDERS
URBAN RENEWAL IS COMPLETELY
PROVED IN BOSTON, MASS.,
PROJECT
(Mr. WIDNALL (at the request of Mr.
WATSON) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
REcoap and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. WlDNALL. Mr. Speaker, on Mon-
day of last week the Nation was treated
to the sorry spectacle of low- and mod-
erate-income citizens and their families
being forcibly evicted and their homes
bulldozed by the Boston Redevelopment
Authority to make way for a luxury
housing development in the North Har-
vard Street urban renewal project in
Allston, Mass. The following day I made
a personal appeal to Dr. Robert C.
Weaver, the Federal Housing and Home
Finance Administrator, who has juris-
diction over federally assisted urban re-
newal projects, asking him to exercise
his responsibility and call a temporary
halt to the evictions and demolitions
taking place in the area until a full re-
view of the project, including a possible
change in reuse and approach, could be
made. Federal Urban Renewal Com-
missioner William L. Slayton called and
talked to me about the North Harvard
Street urban renewal project at the di-
rection of Dr. Weaver.
I made this request in view of the fact
that such diverse groups and individuals
as the Massachusetts Committee on Dis-
crimination in Housing, local and State
Democratic representatives, the League
of Women Voters, 10 of the top-ranking
city planners in the State, and the Dem-
ocratic City Council of Boston itself had
also called for a change in the project
and halt the demolition and eviction.
Senator LEVERETT B. SALToNsTALL, of
Massachusetts, joined in this appeal and
also made similar direct representations
to Dr. Weaver on behalf of the local
citizens.
After nearly 2 days' delay, during
which time additional evictions and de-
molition occurred, Senator SALTONsTALL
and I were informed by Dr. Weaver late
Thursday afternoon that Mayor John P.
Collins, of Boston, had made a statement
concerning the North Harvard Street ur-
ban renewal project. The mayor called
for a reopening of the question of the
best use of the project area after it had
been cleared, reconsideration of the
method of selecting the developer, and a
study of the project by a blue ribbon
panel of citizens after the area had been
cleared and everyone had been evicted.
It would be an understatement to say
that I consider this approach to be totally
inadequate in the present situation.
Never have I read such a cruel obituary
of the hopes and desires of low- and mod-
erate-income citizens. Unless this plan
is changed to provide for a halt to the
eviction and demolition process while
the review of the blue ribbon panel is
being made, Mayor Collins' statement
will justly deserve a description as a pa-
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20308 CONURESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE August 19, 1965
I wholeheartedly second this editorial
and offer it at this point in the RECORD
in the hopes that my colleagues will read
it with similar approval:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Daily News,
Aug. 19, 1965J
TIME FOR CONGRESS To REST
Practically ever since it began last January
4, this Congress has been in a frenzy?a
frenzy of passing more revolutionary laws
than any single session in modern times.
It has launched a broad program of Fed-
eral aid to grade school education, for ex-
ample. It has enacted medicare; It has put
the Negro voting rights law on the books;
it has cut excise taxes.
It will take years for the administration of
these laws to be smoothed out.
But still Congress meets, day after day,
passing or preparing to pass laws that in
ninny instances could better wait for next
year, or event the year after.
It has on its dockets such measures as
those giving Federal aid to higher education,
increasing minimum wages, repealing the
right-to-work provision of the Taft-Hartley
Labor Act, rejiggering the farm program.
As a child of Congress, and against the
background of legislative failures of Presi-
dent Kennedy, it is easy to understand why
President Johnson keeps prodding Congress
to go, go, go on passing his bills. He had the
Democratic majorities to do this; he has a
politician's desire to get the "hard ones" out
of the way before next year's elections.
Now he has told congressional leaders that
he has no additional requests to make of
them, for which they and the country can
give thanks.
But the point is that he already has asked
so much that even with its extraordinary
record Congress still has before it many of
the President's Great Society bills.
We believe Congress is tired?tired of be-
ing pushed. We think the country is sur-
feited with new laws.
If there must be more Great Society laws,
they'd be better laws if studied longer by a
rested Congress that has had ample chance
to talk with the folks back home.
If this administration is as smart politi-
cally as it is credited with being, we think it
should do this:
Recommend to Congress that it do only
Its necessary chores quickly and then go
home.
These chores would include the necessary
appropriations, but cutting to the bone the
domestic spending for "butter" while it
allocates more and more money to the Presi-
dent to finance the Vietnam war.
And if done by Labor Day, the country and
the Government would benefit.
(Mr. HALPERN (at the request of Mr.
WATSON) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. HALPERN'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
U.N. A DEBATING FORUM ONLY
(Mr. HUTCHINSON (at the request of
Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. HUTCHINSON. Mr. Speaker,
Ambassador Goldberg's statement at the
United Nations, changing our position
on the requirements of article 19 of the
charter, amounts to a retreat before the
forces of communism, and is very dis-
appointing to me. On this point in the
cold war, many of us hoped that the
United States would not back down.
There is another side to the matter,
however. If the Communist bloc can re-
fuse to respect assessments imposed
against them by the United Nations, so
can the United States and others in the
free world. What can be done by one
side can be done by the other. The
meaning of our retreat is that the United
Nations has no power to tax member na-
tions against their will. Therefore, no
part of the sovereignty of the United
States has been surrendered to the world
organization. The United Nations can
function only as a forum for debate. In
that role, it will perform a service be-
cause discussion is always to be preferred
to war. It will not have power to com-
pel; and since that is true, this Nation
remains wholly sovereign.
IN MEMORY OF ST. STEPHEN
(Mr. DERWINSKI (at the request of
Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, to-
day is of particular significance to
Americans of Hungarian descent be-
cause it is the day they honor their great
national hero, St. Stephen I.
St. Stephen is considered to be the
father of Hungary. He was crowned
their first King in the year 1000 A.D.
This act which marked the formation of
a kingdom out of a former tribal con-
federacy was thus the most significant
event in the long history of the Hun-
garian people.
The 38-year reign of King Stephen
was spent in consolidating the new state.
In developing Hungarian political insti-
tutions, King Stephen combined the tra-
ditions of his people with the advances
made by his Western neighbors. He was
extremely active in legislative, adminis-
trative, and financial areas.
It is therefore natural that the feast of
St. Stephen, the patron saint of the Mag-
yars, has special meaning for Americans
of Hungarian origin.
Mr. Speaker, at a time when the brave
Hungarian people are suffering under
the oppressive dictates of a Communist
regime, their spirit of independence re-
mains inspired by the memory of their
great national hero, King Stephen. In
present-day Hungary, a dramatic relig-
ious leader, Cardinal Mindszenty, serves
the same inspirational role that St.
Stephen, first King of Hungary, brought
to his people.
Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I take this
time to encourage the Hungarian-Amer-
icans working for the cause of restora-
tion of freedom to their homeland to
rededicate themselves to the memory of
St. Stephen, and the historic greatness
of their nat
THE
UATION IN
VIETNAM
(Mr. DERWINSKI (at the request of
Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is
obvious that the situation in Vietnam is
growing in complexity, and recent ac-
tions of the President have not helped
the situation. I refer specifically to the
reappointment of Ambassador Lodge to a
post he had previously filled in a most
questionable fashion. At this point in
my remarks I ask leave to insert in the
RECORD an article which appeared in the
August 1 issue of Our Sunday Visitor, by
Rev. Daniel Lyons, S.J.:
AMBASSADOR LODGE RETURNS
(By Rev. Daniel Lyons, S.J.)
Two years ago our commander in South
Vietnam, General Harkins, declared that the
war was almost woh. Secretary of Defense
McNamara told us that most of our troops
would be home by Christmas. Sir Robert
Thompson, who was head of the British
Advisory Mission to South Vietnam, notified
his superiors at Whitehall that the Viet-
namese Government "had turned the corner
and was winning the country back from the
Communists." Our distinguished career
Ambassador, Frederick E. Nolting, Jr., agreed
wholeheartedly with these reports and con-
tinued backing the Diem regime.
President Diem was so successful that the
Communists were determined to get rid of
him. It was their only chance to avoid de-
feat. In order to get 'him out, the Com-
munists concentrated on a propaganda cam-
paign against him. They soon convinced re-
porters that the Government was persecuting
the Buddhists. Ambassador Nolting said
that in 21/2 years he had not seen any signs
of religious persecution, but the correspon-
dents kept reporting that there was. Their
proof was the fact that several Buddhists
committed suicide. A suicide actually does
not prove anything, but pictures of two or
three suicides in Saigon electrified the world.
They even made a great impression on the
White House.
Averell Harriman had been urging Presi-
dent Kennedy to appoint Henry Cabot Lodge
as Ambassador to South Vietnam, and when
Lodge walked into the President's office in
June 1983, the President exclaimed: "[rust
look at this. Where is it all going to end?"
He showed Lodge a newspaper photo of a
Buddhist committing suicide. Kennedy told
Lodge that the people in Vietnam were
against President Diem and our policy there
was liable to fail. He urged Lodge to go to
Saigon and take over.
THE FIRST MISTAKE
The biggest single mistake about Lodge
was for the administration to send him there
in the first place. He did not have any ex-
perience in Asia, or as an Ambassador to any
country. Both former President Eisenhower
and former Vice President Nixon advised
Lodge not to take the appointment. But
he did, and he arrived in Saigon In August
1963 only to commit blunder after blunder.
His first mistake was to present himself
publicly to the leaders of the Buddhists be-
fore he called on the President of the coun-
try. Leas than 24 hours after he arrived, he
wired Washington that Diem would have to
go. His next blunder was to grant asylum
to the Buddhist monk, Thich Tri Quang,
who had been trained by the Communists,
and whose three brothers were Communists.
Tri Quang had been giving the government
a great deal of trouble, and Lodge gave him
hanctuary in the embassy for 10 weeks, until
iem was assassinated, even though it was
against our regulations. Tri Quang's pagoda
was the headquarters for the Communist
Youth Organization. Father Raymond de
Jaegher has since testified that Tri Quang
was a Communist all along.
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August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --- HOUSE
ponents of BRA evictions in the North Har-
vard project in Allston and pledged "the
sheriffs and police will deal quickly" with
those who defy the law.
"More people will be moved out next
week," Logue said sharply. "Let them keep
their picket lines; I don't care."
To back up his stand Logue held a 2-
hour star chamber session with his lawyers
and Deputy Police Superintendent Joseph
Baia and then announced:
"The moving vans will roll in there be-
ginning Monday."
He also took a slap at Sheriff Frederick
R. Sullivan, implying that his deputies had
been stalling in serving eviction notices on
the rest of the 50 families slated to lose their
homes.
"He is usually uptown' when I try to
phone him," Logue said sarcastically.
No decision has been made by the law
department on the plan to rope off the area
to keep "outside troublemakers" from the
district during the evictions. However,
Logue said there was "a likelihood that bar-
riers will be used."
Back at the scene a the week-long evic-
tion trouble. The North Harvard Neighbor-
hood Association issued a statement charg-
ing that the first residents chosen for dislo-
cation were those who led the opposition
against the project from the very first.
"They were singled out to intimidate the
rot of the community."
The statement charged the residents were
denied the right to a Court trial of the legal-
ity of the seizure of their homes. It stated
that owners and rent payers have offered to
have the court hold their arrearage in escrow
until final determination of the case.
OFFERS TO PAY
James Wheel's and his wife, Jacqueline,
carrying their infant, Erik, left their second
floor home at 4 Heffernan Street and walked
down to the mobile project headquarters.
Wheelis had his checkbook. Be offered to
pay his 8 months rent arrearage of $414 to
Joseph Bunkman, project supervisor.
FloWever, he added the stipulation that
the BRA cease evicting all of the residents
of the area.
Buckman said he would accept the money
but refused to accept Wheels' condition.
The 'Wheelis couple and their baby left after
the Ilarvard chemistry major called the proj-
ect "immoral" and vowed to "sit here like a
ton of bricks until we are dragged out"
sarogAn ALARM
At the same time, the neighborhood alert
"post" was being manned by the "widow's bri-
gade" to alert and bring into the area their
supporters in the antirenewal battle.
By prearrangement, the warning that the
mover's trucks are on the way is spread by
-phone to sympathizers in Carnbridge,
Charlestown, Mission 1E11, Revere, Winthrop,
We Roxbury, and even Wayland.
[From the Boston Record American,
- Aug. 8, 19651
"CARRY Us OUT" CRY ETICT'EES tENINTI 1.10CXS
(By Jack Wharton and George Neary)
In defense a their homes and in defiance
of eviction notices by the BRA, residents of
the North Plarvard St., Allston, area, Thurs-
day barricaded their doors and vowed they
wcand have to be carried out "bodily."
The leader of the barricade platoon was
James Wheelis, a Harvard student who shares
No. 4 Hefferan St., with his young wife,
Jacqueline, and 'their 7-month-old Eric.
Blails were driven into a heavy beam and
pounded into their front door.
Wheelis said '''when the evicteni come
they'll have to smash their way in. We, will
No. 153--11
Stay inside the house arid if they Want to
get us out they will have to carry us?and
the baby?out bodily."
Other Ulan. the barricading, the streets,
were quiet. There was an air of restless
calm in the neighborhood. There were no
pol Ice.
Behind the curtains, the neighbors peered
out at the streets waiting for the reappear-
ance of the sheriffs and the crowbar-toting
evic ters.
On North Harvard St., Mrs. Eunice Hol-
lana sat by the phone ready to rally her
"widow's brigade" to the Wheelis home or
any other residence singled out by the evict-
ers.
Meanwhile, the city lawyers wer studying
the books to see if their plan to rope off the
ara to the exclusion of outside "troublemak-
ers"--opponents of urban renewal projects
in every section of the city?was covered by
law.
The BRA has ruled that 50 families must
be evicted from their $40480-a-month homes
to make way for a 10-story plush tower build-
ing where the developers will rent them from
$175 to 6290.
[From the Boston Record American, Aug. 5,
1965]
MOVERS REVISE SECOND EVICTION INVASION?
Atterox "Sirreas" WIN BArrie
(By Jack Wharton, Tom Berube, and Gordon
Hillman)
The mass street sit-down in Allston, staged
by 100 residents of the North Harvard Street
area to prevent the Boston Redevelopment
Authority from evicting families from their
homes, had its effect Wednesday when mov-
ing companies refused to send their vans
into the embattled district.
No vans were available to the BRA or dep-
uty sheriffs after movers had seen?in news-
paper photos?a scene a violence that looked
more like Mississippi or Alabama than Mas-
sachusetts, as 30 officers dragged and hauled
the tdown demonstrators.
Four men arrested in the wild melee had
their cases continued in Brighton district
coUrt.
The only moving truck to enter the area
Wednesday ran into a frightening reception
when it pulled up beside a variety store
owned by Mrs. Margaret Redgate, whose son
was arrested by police Tuesday night as she
battled vainly to free him.
When neighbors saw the truck, they
poured out of houses, streets, and alleys and
surrounded it. They found that the startled
truckmen were only stopping to buy sand-
wiches at Mrs. Redgate's store.
With no vans wining to go into the neigh-
borhood to cart off furniture all was quiet in
North Flarvard Street.
Lookouts were posted on every street and
most of them were women.
Meanwhile, in Brighton district court, the
four young men arrested Tuesday night were
charged with disturbing the peace.
Their counsel, Attorney William Homans,
waived a reading of the complaint and the
cases were continued until August 12.
Freed in $50 bail were Stephen B. Goldin,
of 9 Hefferan Street, and James B. Wheels,
of 4 Hefferan Street, both 23 and both Har-
vard seniors; Bernard R. Redgate, 24, of 162
North Harvard Street; and David R. Outer-
bridge, 28, of 31 Field Street, Roxbury.
From Nirashington, BRA Administrator Ed-
ward J. Logue, unsurprisingly declared of
the demonstrators: "These people are not my
heroes. They have fought the project for
the last 8 months. They have gone from
hearing to hearing spewing villiflcation on
Monsignor Lally and other members of the
BRA."
20807
AMERICAN LABOR AND INDUSTRY
REQUIRE GREATER DEGREE OF
PROTECTION
(Mr. SAYLOR (at the request of Mr.
WATSON) was granted peituission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. SAILOR. Mr. Speaker, in the
past 20 years Pennsylvania produced a
total of 1,673,580,000 tons of bituminous
coal and 590,343,000 tons of anthracite.
The figures would be much higher if it
were not for the more than 3 billion bar-
rels of residual oil?equivalent to more
than '740 million tons of bituminous
coal?that have been poured into east
coast markets since V-J Day.
From 1947, when 147 million tons of
bituminous coal were produced in Penn-
sylvania's mines in the postwar indus-
trial boom, coal output in our State
slipped to 621/2 in 1961, after which we
have enjoyed an upturn which is ex-
pected to bring this year's total to about
84 million tons. Lest anyone get the
Idea that we can live harmoniously with
excessive imports of residual oil, however,
I point out that our share of national
bituminous coal production dropped
from 23 percent in 1945 to 16 percent for
the current year. During the same
period, anthracite has dropped from 55
million to less than 14 million tons, a
tragic situation for areas of Pennsyl-
vania where mines were the foundation
of the economy.
Although gross income to the Nation's
railroads from hauling coal since the end
of World War II has amounted to more
than $20 billion, the figure would be sub-
stantially higher if the U.S. policy did not
favor foreign oil shippers over domestic
fuel producers. For this reason Congress
must not forget that coal and domestic
oil alone are not the sole victims of too
much foreign oil. Officials responsible
for administering the oil import control
program must be constantly reminded
that labor and industry in this country
require a greater degree of protection
than is afforded by current restrictions
predicated on the import control pro-
gram.
TIRED CONGRESS SHOULD GIVE
ITSELF?AND PUBLIC?A REST
(Mr. CLEVELAND (at the request of
Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, the
lead editorial in today's Washington
News calls for Congress to wind up its
routine chores and go home. The writer
correctly points out that we have flooded
the country with far-reaching, dramatic
new programs which will take time, per-
haps years to digest. It is time that we
Paused, returned to our peopie to hear
what they have to say and generally
back off to take a look at what we have
wrought since January.
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August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? noun 20309
The Communists had gained control of
only 14 of the 3,500 Buddhist pagodas in
South Vietnam, but the 14 got all the at-
tention from the press, with their cries of
persecution. The Communists also spread
the rumor among American officials in Sai-
gon that Diem was trying to make a Catho-
lic state out of the country, and that the
500,000 Protestants in South Vietnam were
going to be persecuted.
Ambassador Lodge told President Diem
that he should send his brother, Ngo Dinh
Nhu, away. Lodge gave no real reasons for
this, and Diem pointed out that it was like
asking President Kennedy to get rid of his
brother, the Attorney General. Shortly be-
fore his death, Counselor Nhu declared that
at first they thought Lodge, being a Republi-
can, "would possess good anti-Communist
feelings, but he did not. His political views
seemed to be dominated by Linus Pauling
in the New York Times, and the neutralist
preachings of Walter Lippmann * * Lodge
never stopped working against us. His only
care has been to intrigue against the legal
government to which he was accredited."
THE BIGGEST MISTAKE
When President Diem requested Lodge to
send four Americans away for plotting
against Diem, Lodge failed to do so. Lodge
told Diem he should replace his ministers,
who were ciivlians, with army generals. He
even had the generals polled to see if they
would lead a coup. None of them wanted
to, but as Marguerite Higgins wrote:
"Everyone in Vietnam knew that America
had declared political war on Diem."
Secretary of State Rusk had praised Presi-
dent Diem highly just a few months before
we instigated his death. So had Vice Presi-
dent Lyndon Johnson, and Senate Majority
Leader MI= MANSFIELD. Secretary of De-
fense McNamara described the magnificent
work done by Diem as "a near miracle." The
House Committee on Foreign Affairs, a few
weeks before Diem's death, declared: "In the
8 years since Diem took power, Vietnam has
acquired full independence, written a con-
stitution, and held the first four national
elections based on universal suffrage ever
conducted in Vietnam."
To refute the Communist charges that
Diem was persecuting the Buddhists, Diem
had asked the United Nations to send a fact-
finding mission to investigate. The report
was due to come out that fall, but after Diem
was killed the United Nations did its best
to suppress it. It was finally uncovered by
Senator THOMAS J. DODD, and published by
the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee.
It completely cleared the late President from
charges of persecution.
South Vietnam had enjoyed nearly 10 years
of stable rule under President Diem, and
both American and British officials had de-
clared that the war was being won. When
the Communists in Vietnam heard about
Diem's death, they exclaimed that it was "too
good to be true." Of the 8,000 strategic
hamlets that President Diem had built to
protect the peasants from the Vietcong, 5,000
were taken over by the Communists after his
death. The war was prolonged several years
by the death of Diem, a death brought on by
the policy of American officials. Somehow,
through a merciful providence, it is hoped
that this time Ambassador Lodge will not
impede the defeat of communism, but ex-
pedite it. In either case, his appointment
remains a mystery.
One of the troublesome developments
has been the now stated administration
policy of accepting unconditional nego-
tiations with the Reds. The door for ap-
peasement is thus open. At this point, I
Insert in the RECORD as part of my re-
marks the column by Father Lyons in the
August 8 issue of Our Sunday Visitor:
VIETNAM AND THE GENEVA CONFERENCE
(By Rev. Daniel Lyons, S.J.)
Statements have recently been made in
Moscow and Hanoi, and also in Paris, that we
should_ return to another conference like the
one held in Geneva in 1954. That is to be
expected, at least from Moscow and Hanoi,
as they know that in such a conference they
are bound to win again. What is surprising
is that Secretary of State Rusk declared that
the United States would not object to using
the Geneva Conference as a basis for discus-
sions concerning a ceasefire in Vietnam.
Senate Majority Leader MIKE MANSFIELD has
taken the identical position.
Even President Johnson declared on March
25:
"We seek no more than a return to the es-
sentials of the agreements of 1951?a reliable
agreement to guarantee the independence
and security of all southeast Asia." Senator
J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT, chairman of the Sen-
ate Foreign Relations Committee, also sug-
gested in a major speech to the Senate last
June that we return to the Geneva Accords
of 1954, "not just in their 'essentials' but in
all their specifications." Next to actual
withdrawal, nothing could be more danger-
ous.
The requirements of that conference were
that all foreign troops be withdrawn. What
the Communists mean by foreign troops is
American troops, Korean troops, Australian
troops, everything but Communist troops.
A Chinese -soldier looks just like a native
Vietcong.
The Geneva Conference also called for an
election for all Vietnam. The Communist
north would be certain to win such an elec-
tion. The north outnumbers the south by
several million, and there is a rigid one-party
system in the north whereby no one would
know anything about the non-Communist
candidate. Besides, Communist China can
always march a million or two extra voters
into North Vietnam.
A STACKED ELECTION
The International Control Commission
that would supervise the election, according
to the Geneva Conference, is one-third Com-
munist and one-third pro-Communist, and
it is completely rigged in favor of the ag-
gressor. The Commission's reports must be
unanimous, and even then there is no way
to enforce its findings, as the last 11 years
have abundantly proved.
The Geneva Conference very simply put
in writing: (1) the defeat of France: (2) the
unwillingness of either the British or the
United States to stand up to communism
at that particular time and in that particular
place. The safeguards in the treaty against
Communist aggression proved to be com-
pletely worthless in practice. Even in theory
the United States and South Vietnam re-
fused to sign them. Why should America
now put herself in the position of accepting
what she found so unacceptable at the very
time of allied defeat?
President Eisenhower, at the conclusion of
the Geneva Conference, pointed out that we
had serious objections to it. In Bedell
Smith's famous unilateral action at the con-
clusion of the final session, the United States
declared that we, "Take not of the agree-
ment concluded at Geneva on July 20 and 21,
1954."
The dedicated Foreign Minister of South
Vietnam, Mr. Tran van Do, who is also Viet-
nam's Foreign Minister today, cabled Prime
Minister Ngo Dinh Diem on July 20:
"Absolutely impossible to surmount the
hostility of our enemies and perfidy of false
friends. Unusual procedures paralyzed the
action of our delegation * * *. All arrange-
ments were signed in privacy. We express
our deepest sorrow on this total failure of
our mission."
Three weeks later, Senator William E. Jen-
ner told Congress: "The United States was
outthought, outtraded, and outgeneraled."
Why, why then, since this was the case, do
our top leaders today declare that we are
willing to use such a deadly agreement as
the basis for resolving the war?
REDS HAVE MAJORITY
The Geneva Conference favored the Com-
munists in practically every respect in spite
of the fact that six of the nine participants
were non-Communist: Laos, Cambodia,
France, Britain, South Vietnam, and the
United States. The Communists had only
three on their side in 1954: China Russia, and
North Vietnam. Today, however, the Com-
munists would certainly have the majority.
They could count on China, Russia, North
Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, the Vietcong, and
probably France, in addition to the fact that
Britain has already come out in favor of
neutralization. That leaves only South Viet-
nam and the United States: two against
eight.
If we were outthought, outtraded, and out-
generated when the number of participants
was 6 to 3 in our favor, what will hap-
pen when the odds are 8 to 2 against us,
and if we consent to use such a pro-Commu-
nist treaty as the Geneva Conference as the
basis for further concessions? Negotiation
today is an empty word as it echoes through-
out the world. Even if there were someone
willing to negotiate with us, we should re-
mind ourselves that we contained commu-
nism in Korea, where we failed to agree on
any negotiations, whereas we lost Laos for
the very reason that we did manage to nego-
tiate over it.
"NO WIN" POLICY
Our policy Is still not one of winning. I
have already heard from experts in southeast
Asia that the people in South Vietnam were
"very much astonished" at our recent ap-
pointment of Cabot Lodge as the successor to
Ambassador Taylor. They were confident
that Taylor was out to win, but they look
upon Lodge as a man who will give in to the
pressure from Britain and elsewhere for ap-
peasement. The day appeasement becomes
our national policy, America will be headed
for defeat.
To base any future negotiations on the
Geneva Conference of 1954 would surely
amount to such a policy. Most of the agree-
ments at the Geneva Conference were arrived
at privately, during the 40-day recess before
the fifth and final plenary session. Most of
the agreements were confidential, and have
never been published. One wonders how
many of our top officials have ever read them?
Mr. Speaker, the American fighting
man in Vietnam is performing to the ut-
most of his ability against unnatural cir-
cumstances. The most unnatural cir-
cumstance is the restrictions placed on
the ability of our military men to achieve
the necessary defeat of Communist ag-
gression in that country.
The tragic errors of this administra-
tion should not be compounded. Proper
understanding of the Communist menace
is lacking in the high councils of Gov-
ernment, while the advocates of appease-
ment and coexistence gain an upper hand
in the State Department and White
House innerdaiiit s.
-4- *Fr
SOAP, 4.sei , A ? VIETNAM
(Mr. CHAMBERLAIN (at the request
of Mr. WATSON) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
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20310 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD?HOUSE August 19, 1965
Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker, I
want to talk about soap, about candy,
and about Vietnam. These subjects may
not appear too related, but they are. As
a matter of fact, several tons of soap and
candy are today on their way to Vietnam
to help further the civic action program
of our marines stationed in the Phu Bal
area near the 17th parallel.
A few weeks ago, I was in South Viet-
nam with a special subcommittee of the
Armed Services Committee. We did not
sit in Saigon we traveled over 2,000
miles throughout that war-torn country
to get a firsthand look at what we are
doing there. I would like to tell you
about Phu Bai. Our marine doctors
there, during their available free time,
have been doing a most outstanding job
In caring for civilians who are sick and
in need of medical attention. They say
that approximately 90 percent of their
cases show marked improvement with
the simple application of soap and water,
but they do not have enough soap.
We also heard reports of how a few
pieces of candy could penetrate the lan-
guage barrier and bring smiles to the
faces of children who are living amid
so much tragedy.
So I came home determined to do what
I could to help the marines with their
important civic action program. I am
grateful to report to the House today
that, thanks to the big hearts of the
people of the Soap & Detergent Associa-
tion and the National Confectioners As-
sociation, 5 tons of soap and candy
are now enroute to South Vietnam, and
I would like to include the names of the
-donors for the RECORD:
Soap: Purex Corp., Lakewood, Calif.;
Lever Brothers Co., New York, N.Y.;
Armour Grocery Products Co., Chicago,
Ill.; Procter & Gamble Co? Cincinnati,
Ohio; Colgate-Palmolive Co., New York,
N.Y.; Duveen Soap Corp., Long Island
City, N.Y.; the Lightfoot Co., New York,
N.Y.; the Los Angeles Soap Co., Los An-
geles, Calif.; the Theobald Industries,
Harrison, N.J.; Lanmann & Kemp-Bar-
clay & Co., Palisade Park, N.J.; the John
T. Stanley Co., New York, N.Y.; the Her-
shey Estates Soap Division, Hershey, Pa.;
the Andrew Jergens Co., Cincinnati,
Ohio; and Swift & Company, Chicago,
M.
Candy: the Fred W. Amend Co., Dan-
ville, Ill.; Paul F. Belch Co., Blooming-
ton, Ill.; Bonorno Candy Division, Gold
Medal Corp. Brooklyn, N.Y.; Brock
Candy Co., Chattanooga, Tenn.; Hard-
esty Candy Co., Richmond, Va..; Tom
Huston Peanut Co., Columbus, Ga.; and
Luden's, Inc., Reading, Pa.
I was amazed, and I am sure you Will
be too, to learn that soap and candy
could be of much real significance in such
a complex war as that in Vietnam. This
Is what Brig. Gen. William G. Thrash,
U.S. Marine Corps, had to say in a recent
letter to one of the donors to the civic
action program:
Recent reports from Vietnam'indicate that
the program is paying genuine dividends, not
only in the intangible ingredients that go
to make up mutual understanding, but in
very basic lifesaving acts by Vietnamese.
Because of the relationship established by
the gifts from your firm, and others, Viet-
namese villagers have risked their lives to
disclose enemy ambushes to Our marine
patrols.
If this pilot project works, I am sure
we will have no trouble in getting further
contributions of needed items for our
civic action programs which are endeav-
oring to stabilize and hold the rural
areas of South Vietnam.
Again, Mr. Speaker, I thank all who
have been associated with this humani-
tarian endeavor.
WATER RESOURCES TRUST FUND
NEEDED
(Mr. BROCK (at the request of Mr.
WATSON) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. BROCK. Mr. Speaker, this Na-
tion, and especially its northeastern sec-
tion, faces a very real water shortage
crisis which we must attempt to meet
as soon as possible. Public and private
demands for more clean water in the
next decade will make this serious prob-
lem even more acute.
Therefore, I have introduced a bill,
H.R. 10539, to establish a national water
resources trust fund. Revenues result-
ing from the Coinage Act of 1965 would
be placed in this trust fund.
The recently-enacted Coinage Act of
1965 removes or reduces the silver con-
tent in dimes, quarters and half-dollars
making an appreciable difference be-
tween the face value and the intrinsic
value of the coins. As a result, econo-
mists estimate that a profit of $2 billion
or more will be made by the Federal
Government from these newly minted
coins.
? The United States possesses the tech-
nological ability to deal effectively with
the water shortage, but these programs
will be very expensive. Consequently,
we need a fixed source of revenue to un-
derwrite the research and development
of water resources and their use.
It is my hope that the administration
and the Congress will recognize the
urgency of the situation and act affirma-
tively on H.R. 10539 in the near future.
DISCRIMINATION IN, COMMUNIST
RUMANIA
(Mr. ASHBROOK (at the request of
Mr. NAT/mow) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, it
gives great pleasure indeed to join my
many distinguished colleagues who have
cosponsored the resolution of the gentle-
man from New York [Mr. HALPERN] and
of the gentleman from Ohio [Mr.
FEIGHAN] condemning the discrimina-
tory measures of the Communist Ru-
manian Government against? its citizens,
particularly against the Hungarian min-
ority in Transylvania which I also had
the opportunity to cosponsor by my
House Resolution 294 on March 24, 1965.
Since that time no improvement of the
situation has taken place. The situation
of the minority economically continues
to be bleak indeed and individuals can
only escape from the rural areas where
they are paid 3 lei?price of 2 pounds of
bread?per day at the collective farms if
they take jobs in areas outside of Tran-
sylvania, thereby moving into purely
Rumanian regions. And even this choice
is only open to the skilled and the young.
Politically, there is not even a semblance
of self-administration and even the Hun-
garian Communists are pushed aside by
the Rumanians in the party. Even as
infamous a man as Georg Moghioros,
who has served as a loyal servant of
Gheorghiu-Dej from the days of illegal-
ity in the 1930's on is kept out from the
ruling Politburo of seven, and others are
no longer even in the Central Committee
of the Party. Police, even in the "Mures-
Magyar Autonomous Province" is Ru-
manian, and speaks no Hungarian and
the councils, except in purely Hungarian
villages is also mixed, usually with a
Rumanian majority. Police terror is still
present to a degree greater than in
Poland and Hungary. Search of the be-
longings of foreign visitors in the hotels
in their absence is still a general prac-
tice and many of them are shadowed if
they enter certain cities or areas. Edu-
cationally, scores of Hungarian sections
are closed down this coming month when
schools start again, and the pressure on
the parents to keep their children out of
the Hungarian section is increasing sig-
nificantly. Religious freedom is still ab-
sent, aetheistic propaganda strong and
teachers and intellectuals are forced to
spread it if they want to retain their
jobs, while people still can get fired for
attending church services or for sending
their children to religious instruction
classes. Communal fighting on a smaller
scale is a fact especially in the cities and
tensions are rising between the two na-
tionalities actively fomented by the
government.
Mr. Speaker, under these circum-
stances we must tell the Rumanian Com-
munist Government whenever negotia-
tions are entered our strong and un-
equivocal protest and displeasure felt in
view of these measures. Otherwise, how
can we pose as the powerful, freedom-
loving and just nation, when we let the
cry for deliverance by innocent and per-
secuted people who are in reality our
potential friends and natural allies be
unansWered? In my speech of March 24,
1965, I listed several points which I be-
lieve should be mentioned to the envoys
of the People's Republic of Rumania by
our diplomats and policymakers. May
I now repeat them in a shortened form
as they are as timely as ever:
First, restoration of the right to choose
employment at a place of their choice by
professionals, technicians, and skilled
workers. This would also mean that
those who would like to move from their
present assignments should be allowed
to do so, especially if they want to move
back to their own areas.
Second, a promise by the Rumanian
Government to use American funds and
equipment in a manner only which would
not deprive Hunotarian areas from indus-
trialization and would give equal oppor-
tunity of employment to Rumanian citi-
zens of Hungarian ethnic background.
Third, a clrnplete implementation of
the 1963 f:" - ricsty as there are several
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August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE
hundreds of priests, ministers and lay-
men still in jail.
Fourth. A restoration of the admin-
istrative independence of the former
Hungarian Bolyai University from the
Rumanian Babes University, and the
same procedure to be applied to the Phar-
maceutical-Medical College at Marosva-
sarhely?Turgu Mures. Restoration
whenever possible of the administrative
independence of Hungarian high schools
and grade schools, and in any case ex-
pansion of the Hungarian sections in the
existing ones.
Fifth. Creation of a statewide Hun-
garian cultural federation which exists
even in other Communist countries, the
creation of a separate writers' union and
actors' academy and opening to the pub-
lic of the Hungarian libraries and folk
art museums at Kolozsvar?Cluj, Maros-
va,sarhely?Turgu Mures, and Nagy-
enyed?Aiud.
Sixth. Permission to use the Hungar-
ian language in speech and writing in
? Hungarian-inhabited areas in public and
in official documents.
Seventh. Reattachment of the districts
of Haromszek?Trei Scaune?to the Hun-
garian Autonomous Province and the res-
toration of the original boundaries-
1953-61?of the same.
? Eighth. More proportionate employ-
ment of Hungarians in local administra-
tive offices, including the police.
Ninth. Guarantee of the freedom of at-
? tending the churches and synagogues and
promotion of the education of those who
want to enter priesthood or ministry.
Restoration of the full freedom of Aron
Marton, bishop of Gyulafehervar?Alba
Julia?and AIL the va .nt sees.
alifirAW
? ER DEMURRER
(Mr. GOODELL (at the request of Mr.
WATSON) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Speaker, I be-
lieve the permanent RECORD of the Con-
gress should include a very significant
and intelligent editorial which appeared
In the New York Times today. There-
fore, under unanimous consent, I include
the following entitled, "The Eisenhower
Demurrer":
THE EISENHOWER DEMURRER
The battle on Van Thong Peninsula makes
evident the extent to which American troops
are now directly engaged in combat in South
Vietnam. In these circumstances the ques-
tion of how the United States got into this
land war in Asia takes on political as well
as historical interest.
Both were involved in the remarks of
former President Eisenhower, who conferred
with Republican congressional leaders, then
demurred from President Johnson's frequent
suggestion that the current military in-
volvement in Vietnam is the consequence of
a Republican commitment given in 1954.
The fact that the Korean war became a criti-
cal domestic political issue in 1952 is in all
minds.
General Eisenhower emphasized his belief
that "the Communists must be stopped in
Vietnam." But he said that his October 1954
letter to President Ngo Dinh Diem, often
quoted by President Johnson, was a pledge
of foreign aid, not military involvement.
And he stressed that he never made a uni-
lateral military commitment to South Viet-
nam, only a multilateral engagement through
the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization.
Both points are well taken.
It was a unilateral decision by President
Kennedy in 1961?not a SEATO decision?
that launched the program of massive Amer-
ican military assistance to South Vietnam.
Most Asians and most American allies in
Europe have always had deep reservations
about it. This undoubtedly will continue
to be one of the heaviest mortgages on Amer-
ican policy in southeast Asia and it would
be unwise to ignore it.
The shift from military assistance and
combat advice to direct participation by
American combat troops in the Vietnamese
war has again been a unilateral American de-
cision, this time by President Johnson. Not
only was congressional debate avoided, but
there were repeated denials that such a de-
cision had been made. Indeed, the whole ef-
fort was to make it appear that nothing had
changed in American policy since 1954.
The American predicament in Vietnam is
likely to deepen long before it is eased.
American casualties are certain to mount.
Solutions are complicated by a colonial herit-
age not of American making, but of which
Americans unfortunately may become the
heirs as their military numbers grow on
Asian soil and as their firepower, unavoid-
ably, takes a toll of civilians as well as
guerrillas.
The military decisions of the past closed
out diplomatic options that then were open.
This is what must be avoided in the future.
Difficult decisions that lie immediately ahead
may become even more difficult politically
when warfare gives way to negotiation, as
one day it must. It is essential that the
country be clear at every stage where it is
being led and why. If this has not always
been the case in the past, it is all the more
reason for straightforwardness to be the rule
now.
OMNIBUS FARM BILL
(Mr. MOORE (at the request of Mr.
WATSON) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, I would
like the Members of this body to know
that I firmly oppose H.R. 9811, the omni-
bus farm bill. The very fact that it is
an omnibus bill disturbs me. Each of
the programs contained in this legislation
calls for the commitment of millions of
dollars, and I therefore believe that each
should be closely examined by the House.
Without a separate look at each program,
how on earth can we ever attempt to sep-
arate, so to speak, the "wheat from the
chaff"? This bill means higher feed
grain costs to 19,000 poultry farmers and
16,000 milk cow farmers in West Vir-
ginia.
H.R. 9811 proposes an extension of
existing subsidy programs which we all
know have failed miserably in the past,
and the establishment of new programs
that will necessarily result in the spend-
ing of billions of dollars in the next 4
years. I agree that some of the Depart-
ment of Agriculture's programs have
been necessary and successful. The ex-
penditures for the many commodity pro-
grams however have been neither neces-
sary nor have they been successful in im-
proving the income of our Nation's farm-
ers. Meanwhile, the cost of our com-
modity programs has increased tre-
mendously since 1960. The 1964 rice
20311
program is up $12.4 million; wheat
is up $48.1 million; the feed grain pro-
gram is up $554.3 million; the cotton pro-
gram is up $304.4 million; and the peanut
program is up $15.3 million. But even
with this substantial contribution by the
U.S. taxpayer, the net farm income is
up only $900 million over 1960.
Obviously these programs are deficient
if the Federal Government has to spend
$2 billion to increase farm income by only
$900 million.
Farm income is no greater now than
it was 7 years ago. And today, under the
proposed legislation before us, in addi-
tion to the proven failure of the current
commodity programs, cotton is to be in-
cluded on the list of programs dependent
?on direct Government payments. This
bill proposes to reduce c3tton acreage by
cash payments to farmers who cut back
their present acreage from 15 to 35 per-
cent. We all know that it does not fol-
low that production will necessarily de-
crease merely because of a reduction in
acreage. On the contrary, experience
proves that production will actually in-
crease.
Another inconsistency which bothers
me is the fact that while Ha. 9811 is sup-
posed to persuade cotton farmers to cut
production, it is apparently at the same
time allowing any cotton grower the op-
portunity to produce all the cottm he
wants, without any risk of penalties and
of course without subsidy.
If this measure is defeated, most of
the commodities included will be covered
by existing programs which, although
not really effective either, are still pref-
erable in my opinion to the proposed
costly programs under this bill. Of
course if I could have my way, there
simply would be no Government subsi-
dies at all in American agriculture. I
frankly believe that the agricultural
community must move back to its origi-
nal free enterprise position. It must go
back to the market-price system rather
than attempting to operate under the
current governmental price-fixing setup.
As I said previously, there have been
a few USDA programs which have been
successful, and this is why I was in favor
of the ASC program. But on the whole,
these farm subsidies have not accom-
plished anything for the small farmer.
And, may I assure you that the small
farmer, particularly in the State of West
Virginia, is who I am most concerned
about. Accordingly, since HR. 9811
merely calls for a status quo in the agri-
cultural situation in this country and
there seems to be no suggestion of a sub-
stantial improvement nor even an at-
tempt to solve the farm problems, I can-
not and will not support the bill.
CONSULAR CONVENTION WITH THE
U.S.S.R.
The SPEAKER. Under previous or-
der of the House, the gentleman from
Illinois [Mr. DERWINSKI] is recognized
for 15 minutes.
Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the
growing interest in Senator FULBRIGHT'S
railroading of the Consular Convention
with the U.S.S.R. encourages me to rec-
ommend again that our Committee on
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20312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? J1OUSE August 19, 1965
Foreign Affairs hold imMediate hearings
on this ill-advised pact. Although it
is not within the jurisdiction of this body
of Congress to ratify or reject the treaty,
yet in view of Senator FULSRIGHT's ar-
bitrary denial pf hearing expert public
witnesses and other, Government wit-
nesses, such as our Director of the Fed-
eral Bureau of Investigation, .1. Edgar
Hoover, it is our moral obligation both
as Representatives of the people and
citizens of this republic to afford at least
the opportunity for a fair, honest, and
open public examination of this danger-
ous and contradictory pact.
On August 8 I wrote to the distin-
guished chairman of the House Foreign
Affairs Committee, Dr. Thomas E. Mor-
gan, asking for possible committee con-
sideration. This afternoon I have again
communicated with Dr. Morgan, hoping
that in view of the grave questions in-
volved, the growing public anxiety, and
the lack of Senate scrutiny, the Foreign
Affairs Committee will study the matter.
Anyone who has taken the trouble to
read the Senate Foreign Relations Com-
mittee publication on the "Consular
Convention With the Soviet Union,"
consisting of a single hearing with Sec-
retary of State Dean Rusk and his aidp,
cannot but be impressed by both the
rigged character of the hearing and the
confused notions surrounding the pact.
For example, on page 2 the chairman
replies to a member of the committee
that it "would have to vote on it after
we have committee hearings." As
though to confirm Senator Hickenloop-
er's obvious suspicion, only one hearing
was held, involving only the Department
of State, and not hearings, affording
those who are opposed to the treaty the
freedom of open, critical discussion.
AS to confusion of thought on this
treaty, on page 3 there is a caption "Con-
sular Convention with Russia." The
title of the pamphlet and the actual
treaty in substance accurately refer to
the "Consular Convention with the So-
viet 'Union." As many of our university
graduate students in East European
studies now know, Russia and the So-
viet Union are not synonymous. Is this
treaty with Russia or is it with the
U.S.S.R.? Logically and historically it
cannot be with both. Yet we have the
spectacle here, bearing the imprint of
one of our highest legislative commit-
tees, fallaciously confusing the two,
which in many a graduate school would
rate a zero.
Mr. Speaker, many other examples of
lack of understanding and confused
thought regarding this treaty may be
cited. To prevent a blind ratificaiton of
this pact by our sister body, I urge the
leadership of this Chamber to call for
Immediate, open and public hearings on
the treaty by our Foreign Affairs Corn-
rnitee, inviting Mr. Hoover apd private
citizens to testify. In our democratic
framework this is the least that our citi-
zens can expect?an open, frank, and
critical discussion of a seemingly innocu-
ous pact.
To demonstrate the conflict of views
on this issue, which in all fairness should
be given a thoroughly legislative airing,
I request that the following items be an-
pended to my remarks: First, the Au-
gust 13 editorial on "Normal Relations"
In the Richmond News Leader; second,
the August 6 Washington Post editorial
on the "Consular Convention" and the
full and unedited reply to it by Dr. Lev
E. Dobriansky, professor of Georgetown
University and president of the Ukrain-
ian Congress Committee of America; and
third, the Washington Post's edited pub-
lication of this reply in its August 16
Issue, which speaks for tself :
[From the Richmond (Va.) News Leader,
Aug. 13, 1965]
NORNIAL RELATIONS
Details are now at hand concerning the
swift railroad job, with Senator FULBRIGHT
as chief engineer, which was done to get the
Soviet Consular Treaty out of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee some days ago.
Readers doubtless will remember that this
proposal came forth with some fanfare early
in 1964. Its purpose was to enable the So-
viet Union to establish consulates in various
parts of the United States and to let the
United States set up consulates in the So-
viet Union.
When the deal got a brusque public re-
action, it went immediately into the deep
freeze. This treaty was definitely contro-
versial. Controversial subjects are not dis-
cussed in election years. Nineteen hundred
and sixty-four was an election year. End of
debate on the consular treaty.
One can nod smillingiy at sharp politics,
but one cannot nod at the suppression of
the public discussion that ought to go with
important congressional deliberation. If
1964 was a bad year to discuss getting cozy
with the Soviets, 1965 is worse, Khruslichev
Is gone: the committee government of the
Kremlin is edgy. Soviet relations are in a
far more dangerous state; American planes
are being shot down by the Soviet missiles in
Vietnam. So is there a full-dress hearing on
the admittedly controversial treaty? Does
EULBRIGHT dare?
The consular treaty has long been in seem-
ing repose. Late last month, the usual hints
leaked out: The proposal was being revived
even though Soviet antagonism was at its
height. The scholarly and jovial chairman
of the Captive Nations Committee, Prof. Lev
Dobriansky, wrote to the Senate Foreign Re-
lations Committee as just one witness who
wanted to testify at public hearings. Dr.
Dobriansky is a specialist in Soviet affairs
who is frequently called upon as an expert
witness in legislative hearings. He was in-
formed by an aid to the Foreign Relations
Committee that it was not known whether
outside witnesses would be called.
On July 30, the only hearing was held.
The sole witness was Secretary of State Dean
Husk, with his legal adviser. An August 2,
Dr. Dobriansky wrote to Senator PULBRIGHT
to urge open hearings. But the next day,
the committee in executive session reported
the treaty out on a voice vote. Senator
BOURKE HICKENLOOPER was the only dissenter
present; Senator PRANK LAUSCHE, another
opponent, was not there. Thus after lis-
tening only to the viewpoint of the admin-
istration, the controversial treaty went to
the Senate floor.
Among the arguments that Senator PUL-
BRIGHT did not want to hear?or did not want
the American people to hear?were these:
J. Edgar Hoover's recent testimony that
Soviet consulates would broaden Soviet es-
pionage and make security more difficult
The precedent-shattering grant of diplo-
matic immunity to consular officers.
The difficulty that Latin American nations
will face in rejecting Soviet consulates after
the United States has accepted.
The impracticality of trade with a nation
that does not respect copyright or patent
agreements.
The failure to obtain concessions for the
property rights of American citizens who are
former nationals of the Soviet states.
De facto recognition of the incorporation
of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia into the
Soviet empire.
None of these arguments was heard. In-
stead, the only arguments were those Of
Dean Rusk, who hbped that the agreement
would help normalize relations. What is
needed is an agreement to normalize the
Foreign Relations Committee.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post,
Aug. 6,19651
CONSULAR CONVENTION
The Senate Foreign Relations Committee
has done well in reporting out at last the
consular convention with the Soviet Union
which will so clearly benefit the United
States. The committee acted on a voice vote
with only one dissenting Member?Senator
Ilicwrisioosza.
Senators LAUSCHE and MUNDT, who were
absent, may oppose the treaty when it goes
before the full Senate but it probably wilt
be and it certainly ought to be approved.
It provides for consular protection and
services for businessmen, tourists and other
national, of one country while in the other.
It opens the way for reestablishing consul-
ates which have been closed since the out-
break of the cold war. With or without the
consulates, the Soviet Union has a ready
enough acess to our open society, but the.
privilege of having consulates in various ad-
ditional places in the Soviet Union is a
matter of great advantage to this country.
Both President Johnson and Secretary of
State Rusk have vigorously endorsed the
consular convention since it first was agreed
to at the end of May last year. The com-
mittee has taken its time in acting and it
Is to be hoped that the Senate will promptly
approve it and send it to the White House.
_
Ammer 6, 1965.
To the EDITOR Or THE WASHINGTON POST:
Your August 6 editorial on the consular
convention contains, as usual, a mixture
of truth and fiction. It is true that the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee has
reported this treaty out, but you fail to
inform your readers how it was railroaded
through the committee without fair and
open public hearings. Also, your statement
that the "committee has taken its time in
acting" is a grossly misleading half-truth.
You know as well as I do that Senator
FULBRIGHT simply sat on the pact since June
1964, calling for hearings and then post-
poning them, and finally, in the most un-
democratic manner railroading it through
committee for a blind ratification by the
Senate.
There is no question but that the advo-
cates of this harmful treaty, who are eager
to appease the Russian irnperio-colonialists
at any price, have feared right along fair
and open public hearings on the Second
Treaty of Moscow. A considered and full
exposure of its contents would lead to its
rejection by the Senate. The statement I
addressed to Senator Fuisarenr in my letter
of August 4, I also address to you: "Those
who speak piously and loudly about extrem-
ists and the constant need for open and
critical, democratic discussion of our foreign
policy might well, in the quiet of their
conscience, reflect on the crass discrepancies
between their words and their deeds." If
any extremist action was ever taken on any
treaty or piece of legislation, this certainly
is it. And your comments seem to support
such action,
The last-minute maneuver of having Sec-
retary Rusk testify on this ill-written and
Moscow-oriented pact does not satisfy the
demand of moral responsibility for fair and
open public hearings. Moreover, as I pointed
out to Senator PIILBRIGHT and can easily
prove, by "virtue of his antiquated and MIS-
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August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX
been a guarantee back in 1870 against
abridgment of a citizen's right to vote.
Even more regrettable is the fact that
congressional action was required.
Mere enactment of the voting rights bill
will not of itself subdue the extreme racism
that has barred the southern Negro from the
polling booth.
It will, however, suspend the use of trump-
ed-up literacy tests which have provided an
excuse throughout the South for depriving
Negroes of having a voice in the government
that rules them.
It will back up that right, if necessary,
with Federal supervision of voter registra-
tion.
And it will bring a court test on the con-
stitutionality of poll taxes which remain in
effect in State and local elections in Ala-
bama, Mississippi, Texas and Virginia.
The key article in the 15th amendment
says:
"The right of the citizens of the United
States to vote shall not be denied or abridged
by the United States or by any State on ac-
count of race, color, or previous condition of
servitude."
Race and color have been the issues in
abridgment of voting rights. Previous con-
dition of servitude is no longer applicable,
except as southern Negroes have been bound
by the chains of bigotry.
There is irony, however, in the fact Presi-
dent Johnson signed the bill exactly 104
years after Abraham Lincoln signed the bill
giving slaves their freedom.
Even more ironic is the fact that a cen-
tury after the Civil War it was left to the
Nation's first southern President to act de-
cisively on voting rights for all citizens, in-
cluding Negroes.
Pony Express Mail Service
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OP
HON. GLENN CUNNINGHAM
OF NEBRASKA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I
would like to point out that I am not the
only American calling for an improved
mail service. I have received letters from
thousands of postal patrons, not to men-
tion the many news editorials that have
been written about the present poor
postal service.
One such editorial recently appeared in
the Farmer-Labor Press, published in
Council Bluffs, Iowa, and I call it to the
attention of my colleagues.
TiE MAIL MUST Go THROUGH
From the time of the pony express, the
mall service has been a top priority in Gov-
ernment and the most needed Government
service. It held the highest respect from the
citizens of the United States, but we don't
believe this is true today and the fault lies
\ in the,service being rendered.
Parcel post has been the downfall of mail
service. Breakable material is almost impos-
sible to mail ,if it is expected to be received
\
at its destination undamaged. It could be
that this service needs to be turned over to
'private firms. There are a number of firms
lealing in parcel delivery and are expanding.
\ The postal department wants zip codes,
',Ong this will increase service, but it seems
'pause more Confusion than anything else.
\ilding money to cause unemployment and
`1 spending more money to train men
' ut a guarantee of a job doesn't help too
. Let's hire more postal employees and
get the mail delivered! This would help the
unemployment picture and take some of the
postal work now being done by businesses
who are trying to do something? for the
unemployed.
Getting that dollar circulating is the only
answer for economic progress.
y_
Our Pro
ds?Vie and the
Republic of China
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX
OF PtNNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, in the light of
events during recent months in the Far
East and specifically that in Vietnam, it
is quite clear that the administration has
taken the only effective measures to stem
the tide of Chinese Communist imperial-
ism in southeast Asia through its friends,
the Vietcong.
I commend the President for taking
such firm and speedy action to prevent
the further spread of the hazard of a
conflagration which would inevitably
lead to nuclear holocausts of world
dimension. I only wish that the con-
sensus of crystalized thinking of respon-
sible people, such as it exists today
throughout the Nation, had materialized
even earlier so that it could have enabled
the President to take tangibly effective
action before now.
Such being the situation at hand, it is
only logical that we should make use of
every and all efforts within that region to
defeat the aim and purpose of the Chi-
nese Communists. Toward this end we
should help formulate and galvanize all
the anti-Communist forces in the peri-
pheral areas in southeast Asia. so do-
ing, we must bear in mind not only that
every anti-Communist country and Peo-
ple should be encouraged to exert their
power to maximal efficiency but also that
certain peoples who can be in the van of
the fray and bear the brunt of the re-
sponsibility, be assigned such respon-
sibility.
Aside from ?the brave South Viet-
namese who are doing their share of the
fighting, we must also consult with the
Republic of China whose indomitable
President, Chiang Kai-shek, has stood
undaunted against the once greatly
vaunted and roaring tide of communism.
The 600,000 effectives in its armed forces
together with another 600,000 active re-
servists?and I say active reservists in
contrast to reservists that could be mo-
bilized quickly and efficiently to counter
any threat when and if they are needed?.
will be an invaluable asset in the defeat-
ing of Chinese Communist aggrandize-
ment.
The Republic of China and its excellent
armed forces have served for many years
as a counterpoise as well as the deterrent
to the expansionist Chinese Communist's
grand design. With the activation and
stepping up by the Chinese Communists
of their aggressive aims, the Republic of
China and the Republic of Korea as well
A4651
as the Philippines should be asked to
make their contribution to their Asia to
which we Americans have already con-
tributed unhesitatingly and without stint
in order to maintain freedom. I am fully
cognizant that we the United States are
doing it not only to uphold freedom in
the world, but also to assure our own sur-
vival as a free nation. The fact remains
that the mantle of leadership has fallen
upon us not through our seeking but
through force of events and circum-
stance. I am sure, in this all important
task to which posterity and history will
be the implacable judge, we will give a
good and just account of our stewardship
and acquit our task with nobility and
firmness.
Los Angeles Riots: Personal Responsi-
bility Ignored
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. E. C. GATHINGS
OF ARKANSAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Speaker, one of
the outstanding Washington newspaper
correspondents is William S. White, and
his column carried yesterday in the
Washington Post is a splendid state-
ment of fact. I commend it to the Mem-
bers of the Congress for careful consid-
eration:
Los ANGELES RIOTS: PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY
IGNORED
(By William S. White)
The bloody horror at Los Angeles has pro-
duced the predictable outcries from the apol-
ogists for any and every Negro crime of vio-
lence. It all must be blamed not upon those
who committed it but rather upon poor
housing, unemployment, inadequate civil
rights, or simply something vaguely called
sociological unhappiness.
This explanation wholly rejects a thing
called personal responsibility. Thus looting
and arson and murder and savage contempt
for the elementary obligation not to destroy
the lives and property of others are excused
because those who have done these things
felt unhappy and ill-treated by life.
That deprivations are contributory to
crime is, of course, true. That such depriva-
tions among the American Negro community
(and among the poorer and more forgotten
whites as well) should be and must be?and
are being?corrected is also true. But to
argue, as many are doing, that personal dep-
rivation can and should be put in evidence
as any kind of justification for homicidal
mania is to argue the most appalling and
destructive of nonsense.
The Hitler Germans, for one illustration,
were undeniably ill housed, ill employed and
full of what is now fashionably called the
disease of hopelessness. And many of the
same kinds of minds that are now weeping,
not for the victims in Los Angeles but rather
for the Negro rioters, were shedding similar
and sirupy tears for the poor Germans three
decades ago.
All this then immensely armed the Hitler-
ites, as all this now immensely arms the law-
less in this country. Indeed, the develop-
ment of a climate that condones murder and
rapine for sociological reasons is more dread-
ful to contemplate even than the passing
physical and human shambles in the Negro
area of Los Angeles.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX August 19, 1965
For this arms all the enemies of this Na-
tion abroad and adds venom to the slander
of American purposes abroad, as in Vietnam.
No less, ironically, it slanders the American
Negro at home. For the bottom meaning
of the dreary song being sung by the apolo-
gists for Negro violence is unescapably what?
It is that the Negro is not to be held blame-
worthy because he is irresponsible?the same
Negro for whom the most far-reaching vot-
ing rights bill in history has just been passed
because he was ready for this highest respon-
sibility in a democratic society.
With many Americans, the apologists will
have their way; they always do. But it is
interesting to note that among one impor-
tant set of Americans?the American poli-
ticians?the song IS not going down so well
anymore.
An over this country urban-based politi-
cians, many of whom have made a career
a agitating for the most extreme a Negro
de:manes, so long as only the South was the
field of battle, are having some urgent sec-
ond thoughts. It is not possible any more
to point the finger at Montgomery or Little
Rock or some such place.
The politicians are at last getting the
message that the vast Majority in this Na-
tion, north no less than south, Negro and
white, are tired of violence and destruction
even in the name of civil rights reforms
which rightly they support.
Not anywhere hereafter is there going to be
so much profit in a politics of egging on
criminal destructiveness for the alleged pur-
pose of promoting fair play.
Of course, irremediable harm will have
been done?harm to this Nation's honor
abroad, to what seems to be a dying 'tradi-
tion of some civility in public affairs and
public issues, to the old dream of a society
based upon a belief that rights march only
with duty and that privilege is limited by
some obligation.
But even from the thorns perhaps a small
gain may at last be plucked. Perhaps the
automatic cry of police brutality will one
day cease, if and when the bodies of under-
paid policemen killed in line of duty are
photographed along with all the pictures of
police billies descending upon automatically
innocent heads.
"The Memory of Her Works of Mercy
Will Remain With Us Forever"
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN W. BYRNES
OF WISCONSIN
327 THE HOUSE OF R,EPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. BYRNES of 'Wisconsin. Mr.
Speaker, with one Federal-aid program
after another, foreign and domestic
alike, so prominent in the Nation's head-
lines, it is refreshing and reassuring to
read of instances of efforts being made
by private citizens and groups to help
less fortunate peoples, wherever they
may be.
The Washington Evening Star on July
23, 1965, tells of such an instance, and
it is one of which I am especially proud
since the individual involved in a great,
selfless, humanitarian work, Miss Gene-
vieve Zandala, has roots in my congres-
sional district and her work is supported
by the Green Bay Catholic Diocese
located in my district.
The Star account necessarily can tell
it is one which Members of the House
will appreciate.
The article follows:
U.S. NURSE EAGER TO PUT IN LONO HOURS
FOR $60 A MONTH
The shortage of nurses in Latin America
will draw a dedicated woman back there
soon for another 3 years as a lay missionary.
Genevieve Zandala learned Spanish in 4
months before she went on to assignments in
Mexico and Chile as a clinic and visiting nurse
under the Papal volunteers program.
Now she's back at Catholic University tak-
ing a 7 weeks theology and philosophy
course before returning on a new 3-year
a.ssignment.
"When you see so few nurses in the vil-
lages?no one to teach simple first aid and
hygiene?you can see how great their need
Is," she said.
Whether she is reassigned to clinical work
In underprivileged areas or to an opening
on the teaching staff of a university school
of nursing in Peru, makes no difference to
Miss Zandala.
She worked in neighborhood clinics with
cooperation from local nurses, supplis front
local women's groups, and a once a week
visit from a doctor?aside from emergencies.
The clinics were inspected by the national
health service.
Her $60 a month salary was higher than
the average, due to a higher cost of living
in her areas.
The salary is paid by her own diocese in
Green Bay, Wis. Her room and board is
supplied by the diocese in the area of her
assignment.
Miss Zandala worked in St. Joseph's Hos-
pital in Chicago and at Holy Family Hospital
in Manitowoc, Wis. before enlisting as a
Papal volunteer. She is 40. The program
accepts volunteers from 21 to 45.
Almost 80 are attending the courses here,
while another 375 are "in the field" in Latin
America,
The group, established in 1960, sends vol-
unteers to Brazil, Jamaica and British Hon-
Woom
And I think a testimonial to Miss Zan-
dale, written by a parish priest in Mex-
ico in thanks for her services, most
eloquently tells the story. It is not an
epitaph but a living praise of a young,
active woman still working In her quiet,
unassuming way. The priest wrote:
The good which she accomplished among
our people was very great, and her memory
along wtth the memory of the works of
mercy which she carried out will remain
with us forever.
The Real Alabama?Part XLVIII
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JACK EDWARDS
OF ALABAMA
IN MITE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr.
Speaker, the state of our economy in
Alabama is good. One measure of the
State's economic health is shown in the
following article regarding revenue col-
lections:
REVENUE COLLECT/ONS Etna To SHOW
ALABAMA'S GROWTH
U revenue collections are a yardstick of
the economic health and industrial press
of a State, Alabama appears to be in ro-
bust health.
As an indication of current business ac-
only a small pixt of the stdig but I feel tivity, collections of sales tax (including the
companion use tax) compared with the
same period last year increased by 10.5 per-
cent. For the same period, gasoline tax col-
lections have grown by 5.5 percent and to-
bacco tax collections have grown by 6.5
percent. Other consumer taxes show more
or less the same basic growth patterns. This
growth gives every indication that It will
continue.
Overall collections made by the departmentof revenue show increases for corresponding
periods, this year over last, 12 percent; this
year over 1963, 32 percent; and this year over
1962, 40 percent.
The use tax has grown this year over last
by 21.6 percent. This tax is primarily paid
by commercial and iridustrial buyers who
make purchases outside Alabama. From this
it appears that these classes of businesses
are existing establishments and are being
joined by new units of commerce and in-
dustry.
The phenomenal increase in income tax
collections more than any other indicator
points to increased employment and profits
from expansion and growth of commerce and
Industry in. our State. Income taxes col-
lected this year are larger than collections
made last year by 25 percent. A good part
of this increase is coming from some 60,000
to 75,000 individual taxpayers who are
paying income taxes for the first time this
year. This increase in numbers conies about
because of better enforcement coverage and
better job and business opportunities.
Overall tax collections on a fiscal year ba,sis
are, for the year ending September 30, 1963,
$277.6 minion; for the year ending September
30, 1964, $332.1 million; and for the year end-
ing September 30, 1965, a,s estimated $338.8
million. Some $27 million of the increase
for 1964 over 1963 is accounted for by an in-
crease in the sales tax rate. Otherwise, these
increases are primarily the result of more
efficient tax administration, increased busi-
ness opportunities, and industrial expan-
sion.
L.B.L's Talent Scout Needs a Computer
and a 15-Hour Day
KXTENSION OF REMARKS
ow
HON. CHARLES F. FARNSLEY
OF KENTUCKY
IN THE 110IISE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. FARNSLEY. Mr. Speaker, at
the same time that President Johnson
through his Great Society has called for
renewed dedication to quality in Ameri-
can private life, he has demanded excel-
lence in public service as well.
The kind of man he has chosen to
conduct his talent search and the tech-
niques he uses graphically demonstrate
the President's awareness that his ap-
pointees are an index to the caliber of
his administration. That the President
is determined to find the best man for
each job is clear from this AP story on
the talent scout, John Macy, which ap-
peared in the Louisville Courier-Journal
of August 15. With unanimous consent
I place it in the RECORD at this point.
[Front the Courier-Journal, Louisville, Ky.,
Aug. 15, 19651
L.B.j.'s TALENT SCOUT NWZDS A COMPUTER AND
15-HOITR DAY
(By Frances Lewine)
Wasunsorms..--Whoever scouted the Presi-
dent's talent scout?John W. Macy, Jr.--
found a man with a special skill for finding
others.
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A4658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX August 19, 1965
its editorial of August 13, 1965, for print-
ing in the RECORD:
[From the Baltimore (Md.) News American,
. Aug. 13, 19651
THE HEALTH Buz
Within this century, medical science has
achieved such wonders in reducing the haz-
ards of diseases, even to the virtual eradica-
tion of some of them, that it may be some-
thing of a shock to realize how many are
the major ailments with which human be-
ings are still imperiled.
They are many indeed. They require mas-
sive attack. An important weapon has been
provided in the $280 million bill, signed by
President Johnson, to stimulate and expand
research in cancer, heart disease, and other
afflictions in which immense and intensive
research is essential.
The prospective Presidential panel to study
ways and means toward health, education,
and happiness will, like the bill now, signed,
have the blessings and hopes of all
Americans,
has no liking for what is happening in
Vietnam, It is unlikely that Russia will
exert its influence to bring about peace talks
in Vietnam until Hanoi itself indicates that
it cannot successfully carry. out Red China's
course of military conquest.
The burden of resolution of the Vietnam
conflict rests with the leaders of the North
Vietnam Government. President Johnson
has made it clear that the United States
will make it impossible for North Vietnam
to win a military victory in South Vietnam.
He has also made it clear that the United
States neither wants nor seeks a military
victory of its own.
The neutral nations who are now trying
to bring North Vietnam's Communist leaders
to the realization are performing a valu-
able service. They should be encouraged to
continue their efforts. Hanoi's leaders must
be made to realize that the choice of peace
or continued devastation is theirs and theirs
alone to make.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM 1. MURPHY
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
the August 8 issue of the Chicago Sun-
Times contained an especially fine edi-
torial concerning the current Vietnam
situation. The United States faces a
challenge in Vietnam, and the course
President Johnson has decided to follow
Is keeping the avenues open for peace
talks.
I am taking this opportunity to bring
the following editorial to the attention
of my colleagues:
[From the Chicago Sun-Times, Aug. 8, 1965]
THE CHOICE IS HANOI'S
President Johnson's repeated statements
that the United States will never back down
in Vietnam but will sit down to talk at the
conference table seems to be bearing some
fruit. Some weeks ago Great Britain sent
an emissary to Hanoi to try to convince the
North Vietnam Communists that President
Johnson meant what he said. He was ignored
by the North Vietnam Government, possibly
because Great Britain is actively engaged
in resisting a Communist push against
Malaysia mounted by President Sukarno of
Indonesia.
More recently feelers have been put out
to North Vietnam by neutral nations. Some
of these efforts give promise of breaking
through the intransigent attitude of the
Hanoi government. It is too early to tell
whether these attempts will be successful.
But there seems to be some evidence that
North Vietnam, for the first time, is listening
with more of an ear than in the past.
The Hanoi government is caught between
the ideological differences that mark Russia
and Red China's contest for leadership of
the Communist world. Red China seeks to
expand the Communist sphere of influence
by military means. North Vietnam is a pawn
in this effort. Russia, with pressing in-
ternal problems of its own to solve, attempts
to expand Communist influence by means of
economic assault while offering peaceful co-
existence. Ambassador W. Averell Harriman
has indicated in his public remarks follow-
ing his recent visit to Moscow that Russia
Down With Mr. ZIP?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ARNOLD OLSEN
OF MONTANA
/N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. OLSEN of Montana. Mr. Speaker,
the House Subcommittee on Postal Fa-
cilities and Modernization held extensive
hearings this year on the ZIP code sys-
tem in. the U.S. postal service. As these
hearings progressed it became obvious
that some mailers would suffer real hard-
ships if required to meet the Post Office
Department's deadline for mandatory
ZIP coding of second- and third-class
mail.
The Department's ZIP coding and pre-
sorting requirements were originally
scheduled for July 1, 1965, and were later
postponed until January 1, 1967. H.R.
9551, the bill reported out of the subcom-
mittee, would postpone this mandatory
date to January 1, 1970.
The later date would have given mail-
ers needed time to absorb the costs of
meeting the new regulations and would
also give the Post Office Department time
to work out all the bugs in ZIP code and
to reassign postal employees affected by
the phasing out of some 70 postal rail-
way terminals as the ZIP code sectional
centers are established.
The following front page article from
the August 18, 1965, Wall Street Journal
explains some of the problems business
faces in attempting to comply with the
Post Office order requiring use of ZIP
code on bulk mail by 1967.
The date set by the Postmaster Gen-
eral will probably remain effective; that
is, January 1967, but I thought it worth
while for my colleagues to observe a
newspaper review of the controversy.
DOWN WITH MR. ZIP??BUSINESS DEBATE
GROWS OVER ORDER REQUIRING USE OF MAIL
CODE BY 1967?MANY BULK MAILERS DE-
MAND DELAY, SAYING CONVERSION COSTS
COULD BE CRUSHING?BUT READER'S DIGEST
LYKES IT
(By Burt Schorr)
WASHINGTON.?MY. ZIP: Zino*, zestful?OT
an oppressive ogre?
Post Office Department public relations
men shudder at the thought, but their elfin
creation is assuming menacing form to a
growing number of businessmen caught in
a dispute over the use of five-digit code num-
bers in parcel and letter addresses.
The 2-year-old Mr. ZIP, shown below,
by now is a familiar figure to most people.
He soon will be starring in an array of new
posters and television commercials designed
to boost voluntary use of ZIP (for zoning
improvement program) coding by convinc-
ing the first-class-mailing public it will speed
mail delivery. But he also has gotten caught
in an intensifying crossfire between backers
and opponents of Postmaster General Gro-
nouski's order that users of bulk second and
third class mail must begin following ZIP
procedures by Jan. 1, 1967, or face prohibi-
tively higher rates.
To understand the conflicting viewpoints,
consider ZIP's impact on two companies:
Mailmen, Inc., a Syosset, N.Y., concern, ad-
dresses and mails some 100 million pieces of
customers' mail annually, most of it third
class solicitations. The company's cavernous
processing department, where over 300 em-
ployees work three shifts a day addressing
and sorting outgoing mail into sacks, re-
sembles a regular post office.
THE 553 SORTINGS INSTEAD OF SO?
"Today in a typical mailing we set up for
initial sorting to 50 States and maybe an ad-
ditional 70 major cities or substations," says
President Manny Cohen in explaining his
opposition to the Postmaster General's dead-
line. "But the Department tells us that in
less than 18 months we'll have to begin
breaking down our mailings to 553 sectional
centers. This means a bigger investment in
plant, equipment and extra payroll without
much hope of getting more money from our
customers."
The Reader's Digest, on the other hand,
has found ZIP coding so useful that it is
converting its mailing system voluntarily
well in advance of Mr. Gronouski's deadline.
The magazine has ZIP coded and re-sorted
73 percent of the addresses of its approxi-
mately 15 million U.S. subscribers, and fig-
ures the $150,000 it has invested in doing
so already is paying off.
"Under our old method of listing a sub-
scriber's city or town a:phabetically, we had
to wait until an entire mailing was addressed
before we could begin loading boxcars or
trucks with magazines for a particular area,"
says Malcolm Foster, manager of systems for
Reader's Digest Association, Inc., publisher
of the monthly magazine. "Now all the
post offices served by the Buffalo,. N.Y., sec-
tional center (ZIP numbers 14001 to 14300),
for example, are addressed at nearly the
same time regardless of whether the sub-
scriber lives in Cheektowaga or Tonawanda
(both suburbs of Buffalo). As a result, our
readers are happy because they're getting
their magazines 2 or 3 days sooner and the
advertisers are glad to get the extra ex-
posure."
FIGHT REACHES CONGRESS
So far, Mr. Cohen's side in this contro-
versy has won a preliminary?though per-
haps not too meaningful?victory. A pend-
ing House bill sponsored by Representative
ARNOLD OLSEN, Democrat, of Montana, would
postpone the effective date of Mr. Gronou-
ski's order for 3 years. Mr. OLSEN generally
goes along with complaints from third-class
mailers, such as Mailmen, Inc., that crash
compliance with the order to presort bulk
mail acording to the ZIP code could impose
too stiff a financial burden on many small
businessmen.
The Olsen bill squeaked through a sub-
committee this year, but it seems destined
for eventual burial by administration forces
convinced that ZIP coding eventually will
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August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
groups, the new ideas, the young performers,
to get an audience.
I therefore believe all Federal programs
should concentrate on getting art to as many
people as possible at as low a cost as possible.
Regional companies and travelling companies
are especially good for this purpose. The
Shakespeare company sponsored by the New
York Council on the Arts went into many
small communities in the State, and we saw
the impact that was made. -
The American people are trying to make
the fruits of culture available to all our cit-
izens--just as we have been trying to make
the fruits of economic abundance available
to all our citizens. The United States now
has 40,000 theater organizations, 1,400 sym-
phony orchestras, 750 opera companies, and
200 dance groups. New art galleries, large
public and small private ones, are spreading
throughout the country. Programs by great
institutions like the Boston Symphony
Ox chestra are broadcast nationwide
The spread of these institutions of culture
in recent years, is a clear indication of the
thirst for culture. But that is where the
problem lies. We are not able to satisfy this
thirst, in the way it should be, because the
artists and performers do not have the eco-
nomic incentive they need.
The average annual income of members of
Actors Equity is $2,000 a year. The salaries
for meinbers of symphony orchestras range
from $2,000 to $9,000. As for dancers, Agnes
DeMille has said they "eat sawdust."
It think it is a distorted system of values
When stage hands in theaters make more
money than the performers. And I certainly
do not think We are fulfilling the best parts
of our heritage when promising young men
and women who could become outstanding
perforrners are forced to program a computer
rather than play a violin?are forced to go
Into occupations less satisfying to them and
less challenging because they cannot afford to
do otherwise.
The American people have recently begun
to realize these facts, which artists have
known for many years. So we are begin-
ning to see action. Earlier this month the
Senate Subcommittee on Arts and Human-
ities reported favorably on a bill to establish
a National Foundation on the Arts and Hu-
Inanities. This bill is basically the one pro-
posed by President Johnson earlier this year.
But it also incorporates parts of several bills
introduced by Senator PELL of Rhode Island,
Senator GRNEN/NG of Alaska, Senator JAVITS
o/ New York and myself.
The bill that is before the Senate creates
a national endowment for the arts, which
would provide $5 Million a year, plus an-
other $5 minion on a matching basis to help
support the whole range of artistic activity,
including music. It is the first program
for direct Federal support for the arts in
the history of the United States. The money
could go to groups, such as orchestras, or
go to individuals. It could be used to pay
the cost of both foreign and domestic per-
formers. It could be used to help artists
improve their standards of professional ex-
cellence, or used for educational programs,
to increase the appreciation of the arts by
our people. -
Some extremely exciting, very imaginative
programs have been proposed. To give you
some idea, there are hundreds of young
artists who live, on next to nothing. Money
from the endowment could be used to pur-
chase paintings from them, and make them
available, on a rental program, to public
buildings, to schools, to individual homes.
There are promising young poets who have
not yet made their mark. The endowment
could send them around the country to give
a series of poetry readings, so they would
have a chance to be heard.
We have recently seen the development of
small movie companies, prowling the streets
of our cities often with hand cameras, mak-
ing movies often of excellent quality. Cinema
16 in New York is an outstanding example
of this. This group presently works on its
Own?but why net start a film academy,
Which could encourage such people, and
train them.
Irt the field of music, I think we can
create what Leonard Bernstein calls a "farm
System". A series of regional organizations,
which will travel to each of the cities of a
region, and in which promising performers
Will have a chance to develop until they
reach the professional level of otir great
orchestras and opera companies. Too often,
an American artist has to go to Euorpe to
perform, in order to become recognized. But
with these regional companies, they can be
discovered right here at home.
Finally, special efforts should be made to
give cultural experiences to children at an
e,rly age. If a child has a series of experi-
ences in which he hears music and poetry,
or :'3ees plays or dances that he can appre-
ciate, it makes an impression that remains
with him all his life, making him into an
adult who will appreciate the arts instead
of avoiding them.
All these ideas have two things in com-
mon:
They help get more income to individual
performers, and they help broaden the audi-
ence for the arts.
I think one of the finest things the Gov-
ernment can do is to bring together little
known artists and communities that know
little of art, to create a wholesome new re-
lationship of artist and audience.
This bill would not replace the efforts you
are making to get support frbm the public,
or corporations, or foundations. It would
supplement them. We hope that in this
way, people in the arts will have available
the widest range of support for their pro-
grams.
? When you consider the tremendous need
in the United States, $10 million is not a lot
of money. It is not enough, in my judg-
ment. But it is a beginning; and I hope
we could build, upon this beginning, a better
and broader program as the years go by.
It is customary for Government programs to
start modestly. The minimum wage began
at 35 cents an hour. Social security began
,at $20 a week. But as people realize how
well they worked, they grew into very sig-
nificant programs.
In the past, Federal aid has been opposed
by many artists because of the fear of Fed-
eral interference in their work. But I do
not believe that this amount of money, which
is so small compared to the private funds
spent on the arts could exercise a con-
trolling influence.- Even as the Federal
funds increase, the bill has a built-in safe-
-guard; because the boards which would make
the grants are composed primarily of private
citizens, not Government officials.
We have seen, in our aid to education
programs, in our urban renewal programs,
and in? many other fields that there can be
Federal aid without Federal control. Even
in the arts field, we see in Britain that the
British Council has aided the arts success-
fully without raising problems of Govern-
ment control. / think it was very significant
to the success of this bill when earlier this
year the American Symphony Orchestra
League reversed its long-standing opposition
to Federal aid and endorsed the bill.
Under this bill, the Federal Government
will supply the money. But the artists and
their organizations will have to make the
proposals, do the planning, and select the
performances to be funded.-
While nothing is certain in the legislative
process, I am hopeful that the Senate will
act on this bill before the end of the sum-
mer?and the House shortly afterward.
_
We have a National science Foundation
which disburses over $500 million a year for
scientists and scientific research. It has
A4657
worked well and has made an" important
contribution. I see no reason why the
Foundation on the Arts cannot develop in
the same way.
I would suggest other measures, beyond
the scope of this bill, to encourage the arts
in America. I think the Federal Housing
Administration should guarantee the con-
struction of theaters just as it guarantees
the building of homes. Especially neigh-
borhood theaters in places like shopping cen-
ters and suburban communities. These
areas should have theaters good enough
for performances by professional companies.
This could do a great deal to extend arts to
more people.
also believe the tax policies of our Gov-
ernment should give more consideration to
the special problems of the artist. An in-
ventor who gets a patent for a material
creation qualifies for capital gains treat-
ment. Why should not an artist who obtains
a copyright for the creation of the mind be
offered the same privilege?
And finally I believe we should make the
John F. Kennedy Cultural Center to be built
in Washington, a model organization for all
the enlightened policies we want to pursue.
A great deal of its cost?an expenditure of
many millions of dollars?is in public funds.
The Center should be dedicated to all the
people of the country?not just the citizens
of Washington, not just its wealthy patrons,
but every adult and child whose life could
be enriched by the arts. Its ticket policy
should be flexible enough so that all can
afford some of the productions. The Center
should exert a creative impulse around the
country. It should help worthy artists who
need help. Its programs could well be car-
ried on educational television, nationwide.
In these ways, the Cultural Center would
truly represent the spirit and desires of the
man to whom it is dedicated.
It is important that all theare efforts be
made by our Government. We may make
great strides in atomic energy, and space
exploration, in automation, in biology and
chemistry. But we will be dull and listless
men, amid all these wonders if we do not
also expand the human mind and spirit.
Plato once said: "What is honored in a
country will he cultivated there." That is
What we want to do, for all our people.
The Health Bill
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, it is but a tru-
ism to state that everyone's most pre -
cious possession is his health. The
efforts of medical researchers and the
results of their labor reflect this fact as
clearly as anything. Too, the concern of
the present administration and this Con-
gress, as evidenced by the enactment and
Implementation of the medical care act,
is indicative of the crucial importance of
physical and mental well-being.
Recognizing the connection between
what medical science and the Federal
Government are doing about the Nation's
health problems, the Baltimore News
American has editorialized an unequivo-
cal endorsement of the administration's
accomplishments and future plans in
this field. I am pleased to' second the
News American's comments and to offer
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A4660 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX August
toiled property flOwing through the manu-
facturing process and place a value on each
piece. Tax laws recognize this as ridiculous
by requiring that, in the case of inventories,
the assessed value shall not be determined
as of one particular assessment date (as in
the case of all other kinds of property) but
on the hasis of the average amount of in-
ventories on hand during the year preceding
the tax date.
This means assessments based either on a
negotiated settlement or on book accounts
kept by the taxpayer. In either case, the
assessor has not and cannot perform his
statutory duty of assessing the fair value of
property he never has seen. As a result, the
property tax on inventories necessarily be-
comes self ,assessing and tends? to vary from
one taxpayer to the next, depending upon
the competence, prudence, scruples, or
negotiating ability of the particular taxpayer.
Even more serious, this tax hits hardest at
the very time the taxpayer is least able to
bear the blow. In times of business reces-
sion when sales and profits decline together,
inventories naturally mount. In such times,
the manufacturer has the unhappy choice of
incurring heavy taxes on growing Inventories
.or of slackening production by laying off
workers. The tax thus tends to aggravate
unemployment.
These and other defects might be less
serious if all manufacturers competing in the
national market were subject to the same
handicap. Many, however, are located in
such States as New York, Massachusetts, or
Pennsylvania which do not tax this kind of
property.
It is not surprising, therefore, that other
States which do have this archaic tax give
preferential treatment to manufacturers' in-
ventories, either by the terms of the law or
by administrative practice. Moreover, deter-
mined efforts are constantly underway in
many of these States to remove this restraint
on their industries' competitive ability.
Connecticut has not been alone in this re-
spect. Among States which recently have
changed their laws to alleviate this tax are
New Jersey, where a preferential tax rate has
been established, and Oregon, where the tax
is being eliminated over a 5-year period.
The Manufacturers Association of Con-
necticut has long been engaged in the strug-
gle to remove this handicap from manufac-
turers of our State. At the 1963 session of
the general assembly, MAC successfully in-
duced the house to pass a bill to eliminate
the tax over a 10-year period but met a tem-
porary setback in the senate where senators
from cities and larger towns refused to act
Unless provision was made for restoring rev-
enue loss to the towns.
No statistics showing the amount of tax
paid on inventories by Connecticut manufac-
turers were available at that time. To fill
this void, MAC suggested to Tax Commis-
sioner John L. Sullivan that he ask the
assessors of the 169 towns to furnish such
data. This was done, giving the 1965 gen-
eral assembly the advantage of a town-by-
town breakdown showing the assessment of
manufacturers' inventories on the grand list
of 1963, and the amount of taxes paid on such
inventories. This survey showed that, for
the State as a whole, manufacturers paid
$17.2 million in taxes on their inventories on
the 1963 list.
Armed with that information, leaders of
both parties went to work on the problem in
earnest. Following weeks of study, negotia-
tion and compromise in which MAC was
deeply engrossed, final terms of the bill were
hammered out in the closing minutes of the
1965 session.
Under the law, the local property tax on
manufacturers' inventories will be eliminated
gradually over a 10-year period, with provi-
sions for the State to reimburse towns for
revenue losses. The bill carries a price tag:
a one-fourth of 1 Percent increase in the
corporation business tax rate beginning with
the years starting in 1966 (which MAC fought
every step of the way in the firm belief
that it is not needed).. Nevertheless, the
price is not considered to be prohibitive.
Manufacturers who have been paying the
towns over $17 million a year in inventory
taxes, also have paid the State about $29
million in corporation business taxes at the
existing 5-percent rate. Thus, in the first
year under the new law, manufacturers will
pay about $1,425,000 in additional State
taxes, but will save $1,700,000 in property
taxes.
In the second year, the real advantages
begin as, while the corporation rate will re-
main the same, savings in inventory taxes
will double. In the third year, they will
triple, etc., so that, by the end of the 10-year
transition period (assuming inventories re-
main near their present level) annual savings
will total some $17 million.
Details on how the new law will affect
manufacturers and its provisions for reim-
bursing towns or tax districts were given
in the Legislative Digest Bulletin No. 17,
sent to all MAC member companies June 11.
Milestone in Immigration
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BYRON G. ROGERS
OF COLORADO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr.
Speaker, on January 13 of this year,
President Johnson called on the Con-
gress "to return the United States to an
Immigration policy which both serves
the national interest and continues our
traditional ideals."
On August 3 the Judiciary Committee
of the House heeded that call and re-
ported an immigration bill embodying
the basic proposals suggested by the
President.
President Johnson called his action "a
breakthrough for reason, a triumph for
fair play." The following editorial from
the August 16 Washington Evening Star
echoes those sentiments, and under
unanimous consent I reprint this incisive
analysis in the RECORD at this time:
[From the Washington Evening firer,
Aug. 16, 19651
MILESTONE IN IMMIGRATION
The approval by the House Judiciary Com-
mittee of a new, liberal immigration bill
signals the beginning of the end of a 40-year-
old "national origins" quota system. Lack
of time probably will prevent the measure
from clearing both House and Senate before
adjournment this year. But the reforms at
least seem sure of enactment into law before
another year passes.
The old law reflected a racial and national-
istic bias unworthy of America. It favored
admission of northern Europeans at the ex-
pense of all others. It fixed quotas rigidly
based on the ethnic makeup of America back
in 1920. Since it often discouraged im-
migration Of skilled aliens, it failed to serve
the national interest.
All these things will be remedied in the
new House measure, which would abolish
the old quota system. In its place countries
now having quotas would be treated equally.
If one nation failed to fill its quota, as Eng-
19, 1965
/and has for years, the unused numbers could
be transferred to other nations with a back-
log of applicants. (Last year Greece, with a
quota of 308, had a backlog of 98,385 persons
seeking to enter America.)
It is none too soon to abolish the old na-
tional origins system. As Secretary of State
Rusk testified, the United States now has "a
rare opportunity to draw migrants of high
intelligence and ability from abroad; and
immigration, if well administered, can be one
of our greatest national resources, a source of
manpower and brainpower in a divided
world."
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, President
Johnson's leadership in the free world
fight against communism has enlisted the
support of many nations in striving to
seek an honorable peace against Com-
munist aggression in southeast Asia.
I salute the President for his handling
of this complex foreign policy question.
Every American should be proud of
Lyndon Johnson's leadership. He has
repeatedly said that the United States
seeks only peace in southeast Asia and
indeed in the world. However, he will
never sacrifice American honor and com-
mitment in that effort.
The Baltimore News American on
August 11 praised the President, pointing
out that he "has repeatedly held the door
open for meaningful peace talks on the
Vietnam war." I insert this editorial in
the RECORD at this point:
No TO NISRITIVIAH
President Johnson is dead right in reject-
ing the appeal by President Kwame Nkrumah
of Ghana for cessation of all air strikes in
North Vietnam while the African leader vis-
its Hanoi in a bid to arrange peace talks on
the Vietnam war.
The President cabled Mr. Nkrumah that he
could have a safe conduct for the visit and
would have no need to fear any bombing of
the Red Vietnam capital while he is there.
Mr. Johnson, however, was wise in telling
him that "the United States would welcome
anything that President Nkrumah could do
to end aggression." He asked Nkrumah to
tell Hanoi that "our military resistance
would end when the aggression ends." ib
Our President has repeatedly held the door
open for meaningful peace talks on the Viet-
nam war. Not only have Ho Chi Minh and
his friends shown no interest in them, but
they have snarlingIy rebuked all American
overtures to negotiate a war they continue
to press on the peace-starved South Viet-
nam people.
We cannot slacken our bombardment of
North Vietnam. The best way to get the
Communists to the bargaining table is to
batter them silly on the air and on the
ground.
The American people should not expect
much from the Nkrumah visit. In Nkrumah,
Ho is welcoming one of his own to Hanoi.
Nkrumah and Ho speak the same brand of
Commie language.
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August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
help business as much as it aready has
helped the Reader's Digest?wile also help-
ing the Post Office to cut down its huge
deficit.
That may not end the fight, however.
The Associated Third Class Mail 'Users, a
rn -Mess' organization, threatens a court fight
against the Gronouski order if the Olsen bill
should die, "The Department's procedure
was illegal," contends Harry j. Maginnis,
president of the 800-member group. "There
were no hearings and no examiner's
findings,"
Whatever the ultimate outcome, some
postal officials fear the continuous contro-
versy eventually could undermine public
confidence in the ZIP code.
PUTTING orr Z DAY
Certainly many third class users, with a
hopeful eye on the Olsen bill, have been put-
ting off Z day. By one frequently quoted in-
dustry estimate, U.S. bulk mailing lists con-
tain 5 billion names, of which 4. billion re-
maim to be ZIPped. The Direct Mail Adver-
tming Association surveyed members owning
lists of some 500 million names and turned
up only half who said they would be com-
pletely coded by January 1, 1967. Another
23 percent hoped to make it by 1968. But
10 percent contended the special nature of
their lists makes it impossible to ZIP them.
Many members of this association fear
they Vsill face heavier costs no matter how
the issue of Mr. Gronouski's deadline is
finally settled. "The mailers fighting for
More time before MP coding is required
might even win their battle," says John J.
Daly, Washington representat4e for the
Direct Mail Advertising Assoefalon. "But
they're sure to lose the war, because if ZIP
code fails, Congress is going to slap bulk
mailers with rate increases all the sooner."
The Johnson administration is expected
to take a whack at the Post Office operating
- deficit, estimated at $730 million in the cur-
rent fiscal year, by submitting across-the-
board rate increases to Congress early in
1966. Of this year's red ink, some $717 Mil-
lion is expected to flow from second and third
class operations, though a $286 million sur-
plus expected from first class and airmail
revenues will offset some of it.
Second class mail has the same priority as
first class, but is intended principally for
newspapers and periodicals. Third class, a
slower service, is designed for book ship-
ments, mall order solicitations and other
categories not requiring speedy delivery. The
two classes combined now account for nearly
40 percent of the 72 billion pieces of mail
clogging the U.S. postal system annually, an
avalanche the Department predicts will reach
100 billion pieces by 1980.
As Mr. Grounouski sees it, the success of
the ZIP code is vital to the prevention of a
serious breakdown in the postal system. By
the time his January 1, 1967, bulk mail dead-
line becomes effective, he forecasts his De-
partment will be moving "more than 50 per-
cent of the Nation's entire mail volume from
point of origin to point of destination with-
out once unbagging it or resorting it," thanks
to ZIPping. Eventually the ZIP system will
prove "one of the biggest breakthroughs in
postal history," Mr. Gronouski maintains,
permitting the Post Office "to handle just
about any volume of mail this Nation can
generate."
For all his enthusiasm over ZIP coding
though, Mr. Gronouski hasn't convinced un-
ions representing more than half the Depart-
ment's 600,000 employes to withdraw their
opposition. Officials of the 150,000-member
'United Federation of Postal Clerks have told
Congress that even if Mr. ZIP doesn't cost
a single clerk his Post Office paycheck?a
Gronouski promise?thousands face reloca-
tion to distant cities and in some instances,
pay cuts. . One sign of the union's pique:
Rejection of 100,000 stationery envelopes on
which an unwitting printer automatically
had included a ZIP number in the organiza-
tion's return address.
KNOW YOUR NUMBER?
Post Office officials, for their part, maintain
ZIP'eede acceptance among users of the mails
Is ahead of acceptance of the old city zone
numbers at the same point after introduc-
tion. Nevertheless, a Department t survey
earlier this year showed only 32 percent of
first class mail contained ZIP codes in the
return addresses, indicating only a minority
of American letter writers yet know their
own numbers. Even fewer, apparently, know
the ZIP code numbers of the people they
write to; the survey turned up ZIP-numbered
destination addresses on less than 20 percent
of first-class mail, and less than 23 percent
of third-class mail.
Among the approximately 300,000 U.S. vol-
ume mailers, about 90 percent of which are
third-class users, the problems of meeting
Mr. Gronouski's ZIPping deadline, even when
they concede it can be done, loom large,
Jackson & Perkins Co., a national mail-order
nursery sales firm headquartered in Newark,
N.J., offers an example.
The company's list of 1 million active cus-
tomers can be ZIP coded and re-sorted to
meet the bulk mail deadline, says Kenneth
C. Tack, vice president. But the job may
cost "three to five times" as much as adding
the ZIP numbers gradually in the normal
course of changing the addresses to keep
them up to date, he says.
An additional 3 million names important
to the Jackson & Perkins' sales efforts are
called from "dead" files of former customers
and from old inquiries. These, says Mr. Tack,
would require a $150,000 crash program to
ZIP by the Gronouski deadline?a serious
burden for a company with annual sales of
$12 million.
"BONFIRE." OF ROSES FEARED
As for still another 2 million names Jack-
son SE Perkins rents each year from other
mail-order houses, Mr. Tack contends a num-
ber will have to be "dumped" because they
lack ZIP designations. This would shrink the
company's potential market, he says, and
could result in a "bonfire of surplus nursery
stock, because we can't put roses on the
shelf for an extra year or two."
The Reader's Digest, however, is far from
alone?at least among the Nation's biggest
mail users?in finding ZIP coding potentially
extremely helpful. Montgomery Ward & Co.
may have hit on a way to use the ZIP sys-
tem to realize huge savings in the costs of
sending out the more than 54 million cata-
logs mailed annually by mail-order retail
houses.
In an experiment now underway, Monty
Ward is sending carloads of unlabeled cata-
logs to eight selected Post Office ZIP-
numbered sectional centers. The labels
themselves, however, are sent directly to the
individual post offices served by the centers.
''The local post office checks the addresses
and notifies the sectional center how many
of the catalogs actually are deliverable,"
explains A. D. Wilson, general traffic manager
for Montgomery Ward. "This saves the cost
of return postage on nixies (undeliverable
catalogs)."
It's still too early to measure Montgomery
Ward's savings on the initial shipment of
150,000 of 1965 fall catalogs, which weigh
close to 5 pounds each. But since "nixies"
have accounted for up to 10 percent of aver-
age shipments in the past, the dollar amount
could prove impressive.
"We've also found the new system is get-
ting catalogs into the hands of customers
days sooner," Mr. Wilson adds. "This could
have a big impact on seasonal sales."
A4659
State's Competitive Position Improved as
General Assembly Acts To Remove
Manufacturers' Inventory Taxes
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
oF,
HON. BERNARD F. GRABOWSKI
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 27, 1965
Mr. GRABOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, Con-
necticut recently moved to eliminate the
inventory tax on materials and goods held
by the. State's manufacturers. It is my
feeling that this is one step toward and
a good indication that Connecticut has
one of the Nation's most progressive in-
dustrial economies.
Mr. Charles H. Schreyer, with the
Manufacturers Association of Connecti-
cut, has presented the implications which
this tax held for Connecticut industries
and what the prospects are for the future
with the removal of this tax. His analy-
sis appears in the August issue of Con-
necticut Industry.
With permission of the House granted
I place this article in the RECORD at this
point:
STATE'S COMPETITIVE POSITION IMPROVED AS
GENERAL ASSEMBLY ACTS To REMOVE MANU-
FAC'TURERS' INVENTORY TAXES
(By Charles H. Schreyer, attorney, Manufac-
turers Association of Connecticut, Inc.)
On July 7, Governor Dempsey signed a law
which gradually, over a 10-year period, will
give Connecticut manufacturers relief from
the burdensome tax on their inventories.
This may well mark the start of a new and
fruitful era in the relationship between
our State and the industries which are the
chief support of its economy. It is a mile-
stone on the road to a more complete and
sympathetic understanding by the people's
representatives of problems faced by industry
in efforts to keep pace with the competitors
In other States. It is a bipartisan demon-
stration of the birth, in this State, of a
sound economic and political climete upon
which industry depends for continued
growThthese are big wards but considered ones,
supported by a close look at the inventory
tax and ways in which it has tended to hinder
manufacturers' competitive efforts.
Connecticut industry is a nationwide, in-
deed a worldwide enterprise which relies
heavily upon the huge share of its market
beyond the State's boundaries. Were those
markets cut off suddenly, industry would
quickly wither and instant economic disaster
would result.
The local property tax on manufacturers'
inventories is a domestic impediment which
handicaps the struggle to maintain and in-
crease these markets. Inherited from the
distant past when the State's economy was
chiefly agricultural, it is entirely unsuited
to an advanced industrial State. Today, the
constant circulation of inventories through
every phase of production from raw mate-
rial to work in progress to finished goods is
the lifeblood of Connecticut's economy.
The property tax is necessarily based upon
market value determined by local assessors.
By and large, they do a good job in assessing
real estate where guided by public records
of sales of similar properties. They would
be completely at a loss, however, if required
to enter a plant, inspect the mass of inven-
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August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD? APPENDIX A4673
I had the opportunity on Wednesday, Au-
gust 18, 1965, for a full discussion with Am-
bassador Goldberg on the present problems
facing the United Nations, including the
financial and constitutional issues that are
the subjects of current meetings in New
York.
After his detailed explanation of the back-
ground and reasons, I personally believe that
the policy outlined by Ambassador Goldberg
at the United Nations on Monday is the best
course open to the United States in the cir-
cumstances as they now exist,
Plainly Incorrect as to Louisiana
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOE D. WAGGONNER, JR.
OF LOUISIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, the
New Orleans Times-Picayune of August
10, published an editorial, "Plainly In-
correct as to Louisiana," which pin-
points as clearly and as concisely as it is
possible to do the inequity and the in-
iquity of the voting bill recently signed
Into law.
Specifically, this editorial shows the
complete ridiculousness of Attorney
General Katzenbach's drive to register
illiterates and proves, if any proof is
needed, that the purpose and intent of
this vindictive bill was not to bring about
the registration of qualified citizens, but
to register the unqualified in the hope
of harvesting their votes at election time.
I commend this editorial to the atten-
tion of all:
PLAINLY INCORRECT AS TO LOUISIANA
If Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach,
or the administration, is going to revive the
practice of registering in Louisiana people
who are unable to read or write, it should
not be done under the masquerade of justice
to Negro citizens.
Mr. Katzenbach said Sunday Federal reg-
istrars were going to register completely il-
literate Negroes be cause the Southern States
had been registering white illiterates, and
that now the same standard must be applied.
By constitutional amendment in 1960 reg-
istration of illiterates was stopped in this
State and so far as we know none has been
registered since that time. Even before that,
balloting by voting machine made the par-
ticipation of illiterates impractical for elec-
tions involving a long ballot.
A residue of illiterates chti vote in Louisiana
since those registered up to 1960 were not
disfranchised. But even if Mr. Katzenbach
wants to fall back on the situation in the
1950's, he could be forthright only by ad-
mitting that more Negro illiterates than
white were registered either as a percentage
of the total population of each race or as a
percentage of the registration of each. Ne-
gro illiterates on the rolls as of May 1 this
year were 12,921 or about 1.2 perecnt of the
total Negro population. White illiterates
numbering 20,235 were only about nine-
tenths of 1 percent of the total white popu-
lation.
Negro illiterates enrolled were about 8
percent of the total 163,000 Negro registra-
tion in the State. But white illiterates
formed only about 2 percent of the white
registration.
By any percentage measure based on 1960
population (last official count) and 1965
registration, the Negro illiterates have the
best of it.
Mr. Katzenbach evidently is going to ap-
ply the same rule everywhere Federal regis-
erars are installed. But he should confess
that he doesn't plan to place illiterates on
roll in Louisiana because illiterate whites
are being registered (which they are not) or
because he wants to even up the illiterate
registration practice as between whites and
Negroes.
Six Louisiana parishes have no illiterates
whatever registered. Will the Government
agents come to these parishes with an ap-
peal saying in effect come one, come all, let's
cheapen and debase the voting franchise
by enrolling everybody, who can't read and
write or be informed concerning the issues
of the day?
Whether they do or not, the Attorney
General should be guided by the facts when
he seeks to justify the kind of policy he has
announced.
Peace Corps Achievements
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 16, 1965
Mr. ZABLOCKL Mr. Speaker, as I
have in the past, I am once again
pleased to share with my colleagues
comments testifying to the effectiveness
of the Peace Corps in various parts of
the underdeveloped areas of the world.
The first of these two statements is
from Mr. Leslie Freestone, envoy, officer
in charge of the Salvation Army head-
quarters in Calcuta, India. It conevys
his high tribute to Volunteers whom he
and his staff have observed over the past
few years.
The second is a report of an address by
Inche Mohamed Khir Johari, Minister of
Education in Kuala Lampur, Malaya, in
which he urges his own countrymen to
emulate the spirit and dedication of
Peace Corps volunteers.
The comments follow:
THE SALVATION ARMY,
June 11,1965.
SARGENT SHRIVER, Esq.,
Director, Peace Corps,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR MR. SHRIVER: During the last few
years, we at this hostel, have seen ever in-
creasing numbers of your young Peace Corps
volunteers. (We are missionaries of the Sal-
vation Army, whose present appointment is
to run an economic priced hostel in this
city), and whereas we have seen many of
your folk from India, East Pakistan, West
Pakistan, and from Nepal, we have, in addi-
tion had a large number of terminated vol-
unteers from the Phillippines, Malaya,
Borneo, Thailand, Indonesia, Ethiopia, and
Ghana (I'm quite sure that I have forgotten
some, but the main thing I remember is
that none of them travel the short way home
on termination).
However, the main reason for my writing
this letter is to let you know what a grand
crowd of young folk you have under your
command. We have seen the equivalent vol-
unteers from other nations pass through
here, but none of them have had the same
sense of purpose, or the same camaraderie,
that we have seen in your folk.
Again, when we see your people, they are
relaxed and free of speech, and I am sure
that you would be interested to know that
even in their times of relaxation, they talk
to one another, and to other folk, of their
work (I, myself, am getting a second hand
working knowledge of chicken rearing, egg
producing, bridge building, public health
work, and so on), they have made friends
very easily with other folk who have passed
through, our hostel, foreigners and Indians
alike.
Finally, I would like to say that of the
300 or 400 Peace Corps volunteers that we
have seen, we have never seen a bad one.
I am not American, but English, I neverthe-
less say that this is the finest image of
America that I have seen, the Peace Corps
volunteers.
I simply felt that I had to write to tell you
this.
God bless you.
Sincerely,
LESLIE FREESTONE,
Envoy, Officer in Charge.
INCOMING TELEGRAM?DEPARTMENT OF STATE
All papers carried story of Minister of
Education praise for Peace Corps. Straits
Times July 22, under headline "Emulate the
Peace Corps example, teachers told," stated
"The Minister of Education, Inche Mohamed
Khir Johari, today urged teachers to emu-
late the sterling example set by U.S. Peace
Corps members, and volunteer to stay for
longer periods along the east coast." Ad-
dressing the opening of the 4-day conference
of the Federal Inspectorate of Schools, Inche
Khir spoke of Peace Corps teachers coming
all the way from their homes in the United
States to teach Malaysian children in re-
mote areas of Pahang, Kelantan, Trengganu,
Sarawak and Sabah. He asked: "Shouldn't
this be a challenge to our young men and
women? The challenge is all the greater
when they are asked to teach not foreign
children, but our own children, who will grow
U p to be citizens of Malaysia * * * I would
ask teachers to emulate the sterling exam-
ple set by the teachers who come to our
country under the U.S. Peace Corps arrange-
ments." He was making an appeal to the
teachers for a "greater sense of dedication
to their profession * * *." The Malayan
Times elaborated his remarks: "These dedi-
cated young men and women freely volunteer
to come all the way from their homes in the
United States thousands of miles away to
serve our children in the remote areas * * *
far away from civilization that they know
In their own co
Wh1VWe Back Out?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
op
HON. FRANK E. EVANS
OF COLORADO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. EVANS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker,
on August 19, 1965, the Colorado Springs
Free Press carried a thought provoking
editorial on Vietnam entitled "What If
We Back Out?"
This editorial discusses the implica-
tions of the Vietnam war in terms of
long-range results, and I commend it to
my colleagues attention.
Under leave to extend my remarks, I
include the editorial:
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M674 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX August 19, 1965
[From the Colorado Springs Free Press,
Aug. VT, 1965j
Wate 1r WX BA= Our?
'The situation in which the United States
finds itself in Vietnam is entirely unprece-
dented in otir history.
'This is probably one of the reasons for the
great controversy which is currently raging
over our position in the country.
Some have said that there Is no concrete
proof that the United States is vitally threat-
ened in this war as It Waff with Hitler in
Europe orsthe Japanese in the Pacific.
It would be well to remember that when
Hitler and the Japanese started their rise to
World conquest, they posed no immediate
threat to the security and. sanctity of the
United States.
If their rise had been nipped at an early
age when they did not control so much of
the world, the history of the world may have
been rewritten excluding World Wax II.
This is the essence of the policy which our
Government is DOW 10DOWing in Vietnam.
We are trying to nip these wars of libera-
tio'n and conquest in the bud before they
can bloom into all-out nuelear destruction.
Columnist Welter Lippmann believes there
are' two main reasons we are staying in Viet-
nate). The first is the fact we will not admit
we made a mistake in entering the war 10
efern ago and we are now fighting to save
alee.
"The second reason is because we were in-
Sited into the country by the Vietnamese
OcIvernment.
? tappmenli wishes to know how long the
United States can continue to play "police -
mart" for places like Vietnam and the Donain-
lean Republic.
? iliathotigh. I do not agree with Mr. Lipp-
mum in his admonition to leave Vietnam,
the objections he raises are valid and need
to be answered.
NO One knows how long we will continue
in the role of world patrolman or how long
It May be necessary for us to do so.
although the comparison between Korea
and Vietnam is not an exact analogy, there
is some merit as to whether the defense of
Korea actually stemmed the Communist tide
In that area. The same question is being
raked of Vietnam: If we do win, will this
protide for the security of all of Asia?
The answer tie this question is, in all
probability: No, it will not.
We cannot provide for the security of an
entire continent by the defense of one
eseinektry.
Ho-Weyer, the other side of the question is
far more valid. and vital to our national in-
terests. If we leave Vietnam, what will hap-
pen to Asia?
Success is always fiallowed pp by the Com-
munist countries as we have learned from
their successes since World, War II.
The same tactics will be tried again In
other countries until these capitulate to
communism.
Defeat is not total. However, each small
defeat the free world is able to inflict upon
the Communists is helpful. It provides a
pause in which the Communists review their
tactics.
Korea may not have been solely respon-
sible for the security of the nations around
her, but what would have happened had
Korea fallen completely under Communist
domination?
We feel that only with limited force can
we Meet the Communist challenge. A MU-
dew War would be as disastrous to them as
it would to us and they will avoid this if
at all possible.
However, should we easily give up Viet-
nam, and each country which is so threat-
ened in the future, the Communists may
reach a point where they feel strong enough
to risk a nuclear war.
The question has been raised as to whether
we should continue to spend lives and mil-
lions of dollars in a country where the people
themselves can't seem to decide what they
want.
The ,answer to this is yes. If the people
can he informed through a free press with
the threat of Communist terror removed
fro& around them, they then may be able
to decide intelligently what they want.
There have been many times in the history
of the United States when this Nation was
torn and divided and the people could not
decide what they wanted.
Why should we now feel so superior and
complacent toward a nation which has severe
Internal dissensions?
The real question is not what will happen
if we stay in Vietnam. The real question is,
What will the long-range results be if we
withdraw !rem this torn country?
Can we actually afford to withdraw from
this war and risk future nuclear disaster?
I do not believe this is right or fair to the
next generation who may be the ones to face
the results of a nuclear catastrophe.
The Times-Picayune Points Out the Po-
tential of the Saturn I?B
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
os.
HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT
LOLITSTANA
IN IIIE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, August 19, 1965
Mr. IltBERT. Mr. Speaker, New Or-
leans is indeed proud that within its city
limits are now being built some of the
most fantastic elements of the Nation's
dynamic space program.
The Saturn I-B boosters are now un-
der production at the Michoud Opera-
tions, National Aeronautics and Space
Administration, in New Orleans. In an
August 14 editorial, the Times-Picayune
of New Orleans outlined the tremendous
potential of these boosters, and under
unanimous consent I am pleased to in-
clude that editorial into the REcoan.
I think it is also fitting to point out
that this editorial is typical of the com-
prehensive news and news interpretation
coverage given to space development by
the Times-Picayune. The paper has de-
voted much attention to keeping its
readers informed of the exciting develop-
ments in space research and technology.
Mr. Vincent Randazzo, a space writer
specialist on the staff of the Times-
Picayune, has done a superior job in
keeping the Crescent City informed of
progress in the space era.
It is a pleasure, therefore, to recom-
mend the following editorial from the
Times-Pir-ay une :
[From the New Orleans Times-Picayune,
Aug. 14, 1965]
SATURN 1-33 PAYLOAD Ceeecier
Peoaresum
The payload potentials of the Saturn /-13
boosters now under production at efichoud
seems to have escaped general attention in
discussions about space missions and the
rocket assemblies assigned or assignable to
carry them out. These and other factors are
significant in connection with efforts under
way, just corning to light, to intrude on, sup-
plant or degrade the SI-B in the Apollo
or other programa for which it is fitted.
The first of the "new Saturns," or interme-
diate Saturns, of the Chrysler Corporation's
Space Division has reached Cape Kennedy
for the initial lift-off In tests and flights
that will lead to human exploration of the
moon.
Payload requirements vary of course for
different objectives of this 12-shot series.
Regardless of what is first put aloft, the I-B
assembly is designed to send into desired orb-
it 36,000 pounds of functional vehicle?not to
mention the 30,000 pounds of a burned-out
second-stage, should that lagniappe be added.
This rating compares with the 26,000-
pound payload Soviet spacemen boasted into
orbit last July 16; with 21,000 pounds sent
into orbit by the Titan 3-C June 18; with
the rated 25,000-pound payload capacity of
the Titan 8-C; with the 22,000-pound payload
rating of the "old Saturns" with the 18,000
pounds of payload dispatched by an "old
Saturn" a year or two ago; and with 4,000
pounds orbited by the Atlas.
The confusion that sometimes attends
space program comment was illustrated
When at least one Washington dispatch
stated, after the 26,000-pound Soviet launch-
ing, that only the Saturn 6 could match the
feat (ignoring the S-IB). lefichoud has vital
interest also, of course, in the upcoming
Saturn 5, whose missions differ from those
of the I-B.
Of course the low-orbit experiments and
preliminaries are one thing. There are
greater payload requirements for larger or-
bits and for some outer space explorations.
For these, new combinations and new types
of rocket stages are planned or considered,
such as a Centaur rocket for the Anal thrust
from a Saturn I-B base. Assertedly this
Saturn-Centaur could shoot 22,000 pounds
for almost any kind of Martian probe, com-
pared with the 450-pound Mariner. The
first Voyager-Mars missions for Saturn-
Centaur call, however, for not more than
8,000 pounds' payload.
Then there is the "strap-on" rocket system
for boosters. The Titan-80 uses, for ex-
ample, two 120-inch-diameter strap-ons
(solid fuel) to help get its great booster-
thrust and 25,000-pound payload potential?
Projections by Chrysler show that with four
similar strap-ons, Saturn I-B could send
75,000 pounds' payload into low orbit; and,
with a Centaur, 25,000 pounds or more to
Mars.
The momentum generated by the original
Saturn firings has provided the space pro-
gram an enormous asset. The 10-shot series
not only achieved 100 percent perfection in
functions, countdowns and launch timings,
but produced the Nation's largest opera-
tional rockets, as demonstrated by the three-
shot Pegasus series?one which did not
require exercise of full payload potential.
Ingenuity in the various branches of produc-
tion and in the apace agency brought suc-
cessive upgradings of rocket thrust, culmi-
nating in the I-B assembly?which, basically,
is otherwise the same Saturn.
It presumably is due to this performance
that astronauts will be able to man the
fourth spacecraft launched in the forthcom-
ing series--in effect, the 14th scheduled firing
of the Saturn. For various reasons, other
types of rockets have had firings ranging
from 45 to 92 prior to use in manned-flight
expeditions.
Time for Transfusion
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RICHARD D. McCARTHY
OF NEW YO:RX
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 20, 1965
Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, on
March 12, 1965, Senator ROBERT F. KEN-
NEDY and I requested the Secretary of
Health, Education and Welfare, Anthony
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