CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE

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August 19, 1965
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Approved For Release 2003/10/14 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130009-6 20300 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE August 19, 1965 legislative week. It will be my intention to ask to go over when I have announced the program for next week. Mr. Speaker, I might advise my col- leagues that next week legislativewise will be a very important week. The program is as follows: Monday is District Day?no District bills. H.R. 9022, assistance for public schools affected by major disasters and base clos- ing; uniformity of eligibility require- ments under Public Law 874, 81st Con- gress; House Joint Resolution 403, 22d World Health Assembly?open rule, 1 hour de- bate; H.R. 7811, authorizing the sale or loan of naval vessels to friendly Latin Ameri- can countries?open rule, 1 hour debate; H.R. 7812, authorizing the loan of naval vessels to Italy and Spain?open rule, 1 hour debate; H.R. 7813, authorizing the loan of naval vessels to Turkey, China, and the Philippines?open rule, 1 hour debate; H.R. 8333, establishing a program of cash awards for members of the Armed Forces and for other purposes?open rule, 1 hour debate; and H.R. 2091, relating to the establish- ment of concession policies in the areas administered by National Park Serv- ice?open rule, 2 hours debate. For Tuesday and the balance of the week, the supplemental appropriations, 1966, Departments of Labor and Health, Education, and Welfare. H.R. 2580, amending the immigration and Nationality Act, and for other pur- poses?open rule, 5 hours debate, making it in order to consider the committee sub- stitute as an original bill for the pur- pose of amendment; H.R. 9567, Higher Education Act of 1965?open rule, 2 hours debate; the bill is to be read for amendment by titles in- stead of by sections; H.R. 9042, Automotive Products Trade Act of 1965. This announced program is made sub- ject to the usual reservations that con- ference reports may be brought up at any time and that any further program may be announced later. ADJOURNMENT TO MONDAY NEXT Mr. ALBERT. Now, Mr. Speaker, if the gentleman will yield for the purpose of some unanimous-consent requests, I ask unanimous consent that when the House adjourns today it adjourn to meet on Monday next. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Okla- homa? There was no objection. DISPENSING WITH CALENDAR WEDNESDAY Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the business in order on Calendar Wednesday of next week be dispensed with. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Okla- homa? There was no objection. SUBCOMMIi-rEE NO. 2 OF THE SELECT COMMITTEE ON SMALL BUSINESS Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, on behalf of the gentleman from New York [Mr. MULTER], I ask unanimous consent that Subcommittee No. 2 of the Select Com- mittee on Small Business may have per- mission to sit during general debate while the House is in session on Tuesday, Wednesday, and Thursday of next week. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Okla- homa? There was no objection. SUBCOMMITTEE ON ACCOUNTS OF HOUSE ADMINISTRATION COM- MITTEE Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, on be- half of the gentleman from Maryland, I ask unanimous consent that the Sub- 'committee on Accounts of the Commit- tee on House Administration may sit while the House is in general debate on August 23. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Okla- homa? Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, reserving the right to object, I would like to in- quire of the majority leader if the bill is to be read by title and if it is his under- standing the rule provides that it be open to amendment at any point as the titles are read? Mr. ALBERT. The bill is to be read by title instead of by sections. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Okla- homa? There was no objection. CORRECTION OF ROLLCALL Mr. MICHEL. Mr. Speaker, on roll- call No. 240 of Tuesday, page 19932 of the RECORD, I am listed as being absent. I was here in the Chamber and answered "present" to my name and I ask unani- mous consent that the RECORD may be corrected accordingly. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Illi- nois? There was no objection. STEPHEN M. PETERSON AGAINST H. R. GROSS (H. DOC. NO. 271) The SPEAKER laid before the House the following communication, which was read, referred to the Committee on House Administration, and ordered to be printed: OFFICE OF THE CLERK, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Washington, D.C., August 18, 1965. The Honorable the SPEAKER, House of Representatives. SIR: From the contestee in the contested- election case of Stephen M. Peterson against H. R. Gross, from the Third Congressional District of the State of Iowa, the Clerk has received a motion to waive filing of briefs, for immediate hearing, and to dismiss con- tested-election, Third Congressional District of Iowa. The communication in this matter is being transmitted for referral to the appropriate Committee of the House of Representatives. Respectfully yours, RALPH R. ROBERTS, Clerk, U.S. House of R resentatives. EDI AL .N TN (Mr. RUMSFELD (at the r quest of Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous matter.) Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, I be- lieve the following significant and timely editorial which appeared in today's issue of the New York Times and which ds- cusses our involvement in Vietnam merits wide attention. I concur in the con- clusion expressed therein that the people of the United States must know not only how their country became involved but where we are heading. In this connection, Mr. Speaker, my testimony before the Joint Committee on the Organization of the Congress raised the question as to what was the desirable degree congressional involvement in na- tional security and foreign policy decisionmaking. Again in my separate views on H.R. 5665, to authorize dis- bursements to armed forces of friendly foreign nations?which the House Com- mittee on Government Operations re- ported earlier this month?I discuss briefly the trend in recent years toward the yielding up by the Congress of its constitutional responsibility with respect to its powers relating to the declaring of war. I am including these views here- with for the possible interest of the Members and to stress once more the deep significance of this matter to the Nation and our system of government. The material referred to follows: [From the New York Times] THE EISENHOWER DEMURRER The battle on the Van Tuong peninsula makes evident the extent to which American troops are now directly engaged in combat in South Vietnam. In these circumstances the question of how the United States got into this land war in Asia takes on political as well as historical interest. Both were involved in the remarks of for- mer President Eisenhower, who conferred with Republican congressional leaders, then demurred from President Johnson's frequent suggestion that the current military involve- ment in Vietnam is the consequence of a Republican commitment given in 1954. The fact that the Korean war became a critical domestic political issue in 1952 is in all minds. General Eisenhower emphasized his belief that "the Communists must be stopped in Vietnam." But he said that his October 1954 letter to President Ngo Dinh Diem, of ten quoted by President Johnson, was a pledge of foreign aid, not military involvement. And he stressed that he never made a uni- lateral military commitment to South Viet- nam, only a multilateral engagement throuri the southeast Asia Treaty Organization. Both points are well taken. It was a unilateral decision by President Kennedy in 1961?not a SEATO decision? that launched the program of masrive American military assistance to South Viet- nam. Most Asians and most American allies in Europe have always had deep reservationo about it. This undoubtedly will continue to Approved For Release 2003/10/14 : CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE 20299 road grade crossings which were to create work for the unemployed and reduce a traffic hazard which claimed the lives of many peo- ple annually. It was financed by a 2-cent increase in the gasoline tax. Most impor- tant, in the special session of 1931 the groundwork for the first unemployment com- pensation program in the United States was laid. Some of the excessive tax burden on property was reduced by shifting more of the levy to the income tax. An inescapable problem was to raise money for direct relief and again the legislature turned to the in- come tax. Because c:rf the financial difficul- ties of the State, the Governor in January, 1932, voluntarily took a 20-percent reduction In salary. LaFollette's first term may be character- ized in the second place by an effort to rede- fine the function of govern/tent. The long period of economic development had been associated with the minimum of govern- mental interference. It was IAFollette's feeling that it was the function of govern- ment to take a more active part in the long- range planning of the economy. Although his first term saw a breakthrough in author- ity of municipalities to establish power- plants through revenue bonding, it was not until his third term that his most compre- hensive plans were proposed. In 1932 LaFollette again met Walter J. Kohler, Sr., in the primary election for the gubernatorial nomination, and this time Kohler won by nearly a hundred thoUsand Votes. The Roosevelt landslide aided by the support of the progressive element of the Republican Party resulted in the election of label I, Schmedeman, a Democrat, as Gov- ernor with Democratic control of the assem- bly and Republican control of the senate. After 1932 the progressive element of the Republican Party considered the question Of working from within the Republican Party or establishing a new party. Contrary to the decbaion made earlier by the eider La F'oi- lette, the new generation of progressives de- termined to establish a new party and in the spring of 1934 the Progressive Party was cre- ated in Fond du Lac. Phil La Follette was Its candidate for Governor and in a 3-cor- nered rate against the incumbent Schmede- man and Howard Greene Who Was the Re- publican candidate, La Follette won the elec- tion of 1934 by less than 16.000 votes. Two years later La Follette was again the candidate of the Progressive Party while Alexander Wiley was the Republican candi- date and Lueck the Democratic contestant. La Follette polled over 200,000 votes more than Wiley and over 300,000 votes more than Lueck. He also secured a working majority La both houses of the legislature. La Follette had long advocated the strengthening of the executive branch of the State government, and when he began his second term in 1935 he sought to bring that about. Granted authority to reorganize the administrative agencies, he issued a series of orders which sought to accomplish this. While this authority of the Governor and the resulting orders were quickly abolished in 1939 when the Republicans gained control of the government, a substantial number of the reforms ultimately crept back into the State organizational pattern. Among his proposals was an executive council composed at legislators and laymen created to study legislative problems and submit such problems to the legislature. Many people consider it the predecessor of the now well-established legislative council. Much of La Follette's last 2 terms, 1935-39, were concerned with reestablishing eco- nomic stability in the State and Improving the public assistance program, but he did not lose sight of his long-range objective of pub- lic participation in the programs of long- range economic planning. Out of it came the Wisconsin Development Authority, some- No. 153-10 times known as the Little TVA, and the Wisconsin Agricultural Authority, but court decisions ciraturtscribing their fields of en- deavor and subsequent unsympathetic legis- latures prevented these concepts from being firmly established. In 1938 the National Progressive Associa- tion was launched in Madison, the main thesis of which was to bring the liberals of the various parties together In order to stim- ulate the creation of such a party within the several States. La Follette won the can- didacy of the Progressive Party for the gov- ernorship, but when the election was over Julius Hell, the Milwaukee industrialist who started in America as an immigrant boy, had beaten La Follette by nearly 200,000 votes. The La Follette administrations, 1931-33, 1935-39, were periods of aggressiveness on the part of the executive. In the legisla- tive session of 1937 the strong hand of the executive in shaping the legislative program probably reached its peak. 1.15 RETIRES TO PRIVATE PRACTICE AS AN ATTORNEY After La Follette retired from the gover- norship in 1939, he returned to his law prac- tice. As the clouds of World War II began to gather, he applied for active duty in the Army, and spent 34 months of the war in the Southwest Pacific Theater where he ren- dered distinguished service on the staff of General MacArthur. Placed on inactive duty in 1945, he re- turned to hie law practice, and was associ- ated with the law firm which ultimately became La Follette, Sinykin, and Doyle in Madison. An able attorney, he rapidly gained the financial rewards which public office had denied him. His business interests in the field of electronics caused him to move to New York in the early 1950's, but he continued his association with his law firm in Madison to which he returned In 1969. Having attained the governorship at 33, he still retains the vigor of maturity and remains the dean of the surviving ex-Governors of Wisconsin. GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND 1VIr. KASTENMEIER, Mr. Speaker, I a.sk unanimous consent that all Members have 5 legislative days in which to ex- tend their remarks on the passing of Philip LaPollette. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Wis- consin? There was no objection. CORRECTION OF VOTE Mr. TUPPER. Mr. Speaker, on roll- call No. 242 I am recorded as not voting. I was present and voted "aye." I ask unanimous consent that the permanent RECORD be corrected accordingly. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Maine? There was no objection. OF CABBAGES AND MOVIE KINGS (Mr. VAN DEERLIN asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, my good friend and colleague from Ohio [Mr. Devneul brightened yesterday's Recoil]) by inserting a dinner address delivered in his State recently by actor Ronald Rea- gan. The speech honored another of our colleagues, a highly esteemed Member across the aisle. Mr. ASHBROOK. It may be found beginning on page 20197. Reports in California are that Mr. Reagan's advertising agency, seeking a "new image," for their client, had ordered him kept under wraps for a few weeks while they prepared a new basic speech for him. It was with keen anticipation, therefore, that I made my way through Reagan's printed remarks as inserted by Mr. DEVINE in the RECORD. I was disappointed. It proved to be the same old speech?right down to a paragraph which, error for error, was the same as he delivered 2 months ago in San Diego, Calif. I quote: The Declaration of Independence has 300 words?that's all it took for that immortal document. The Federal Government recent- /y issued a ruling related to cabbage and it took 29,911 words. Mr. Speaker, Ronald Reagan is an avowed candidate for the Republican nomination for Governor of California, and I will leave it to State officials to check the accuracy of his statements if and when he begins talking about the problems of California. Let us hope that the ad agency will then provide him with firmer facts. The Department of Agriculture has no knowledge of a ruling related to cab- bage?of 29,911 words or any comparable word count. I am afraid that a lifetime in the world of make-believe has caused Mr. Reagan to fall for one of the most durable hoaxes in political or publishing history. For I recall that this little squib about the verbose cabbage order first turned up in public prints during Korean war days. The baseless item bounced from newspaper to newspaper, each crediting the other, and it finally achieved the status of a "filler" in Reader's Digest. But the item was no more reliable then than now. If Mr. Reagan can substanti- ate his tale that "the Federal Govern- ment recently issued a ruling related to cabbage and it took 29,911 words," I will Personally undertake to raise $1,000 for his upcoming gubernatorial campaign. If he cannot, I implore him to drop his standby speech until the agency writers have provided one which, hopefully, will be better researched. PROGRAM FOR THE BALANCE OF THE WEEK AND FOR NEXT WEEK (Mr. GERALD R. FORD asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker, I have asked for this time for the pur- pose of inquiring of the distinguished majority leader the program for the re- mainder of the week and the program for next week. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, will the distinguished minority leader yield to me? Mr. GERALD R. FORD. I yield to the gentleman from Oklahoma. Mr. ALBERT. Mr. Speaker, in re- sponse to the inquiry of the gentleman from Michigan, we have concluded our Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 August 19, 1965Approved F85%engsismipti KM-A,:_cmcopP6788gt46R000300130009-6 20301 AMU II be one of the heaviest mortgages on Ameri- can policy in southeast Asia and it would be unwise to ignore it. The shift from military assistance and combat advice to direct participation by American combat troops in the Vietnamese war has again been a unilateral American decision, this time by President Johnson. Not only was congressional debate avoided, but there were repeated denials that such a decision had been made. Indeed, the whole effort was to make it appear that nothing had changed in American policy since 1954. The American predicament in Vietnam is likely to deepen long before it is eased. American casualties are certain to mount. Solutions are complicated by a colonial heri- tage not of American making, but of which Americans unfortunately may become the heirs as their military numbers grow on Asian soil and as their firepower, unavoid- ably, takes a toll of civilians as well as guerrillas. The military decisions of the past closed out diplomatic options that then were open. This is what must be avoided in the future. Difficult decisions that lie immediately ahead may become even more difficult politically when warfare gives way to negotiation, as one day it must. It is essential that the country be clear at every stage where it is being led and why. If this has not always been the case in the past, it is all the more reason for straightforwardness to be the rule now. SEPARATE VIEWS OF HON. DONALD RUMSFELD I support H.R. 5665 as a bill that is un- questionably necessary, but have certain res- ervations which are stated below. COMMENTS ON N.R. 5665 First, with respect to details of the bill, it is my impression that it is loosely drawn. The term "friendly nations" is not defined. Amid recent press reports that the U.S. Gov- ernment was supporting financially two sets of combatant troops which were fighting each other in the muddled Dominican Re- public crises, this broad disretionary lan- guage in the bill gains particlar significance. Further, there is no dollar limit as to the amount of funds which may be used under the provisions of the bill, nor is there any provision as to how long such dollar advances may continue or remain outstanding. Re- grettably, the 11 pages of hearings are sketchy on these points. THE QUESTION ON PRESIDENTIAL "PEACETIME" WAR POWERS H.R. 5665 represents but one small step in the post-World War II trend toward the voluntary piecemeal yielding up of Congress constitutional responsibility with respect to its powers relating to the declaring of war. The various legislative committees of the Congress deal separately with a whole range of proposals relating directly or indirectly to the Executive's "emergency" or "war" powers, not on a systematic basis based on a compre- hensive study of this significant constitu- tional question, but rather on a piecemeal basis, in each seemingly minor instance to meet a very real and often pressing need of the moment. The United States--according to top ad- ministration officials?is at war, whatever that means. I suggest that it is past time for the Congress to undertake a comprehensive study of this question in an attempt to de- fine present meanings of such terms as "war," "limited war," "conflict," "police action," and other types of military or quasi-military in- volvements and, in fact, the whole spectrum of war situations which have or might re- place the more conventional wars of past dec- ades. Such a study should include consid- eration of each legislative committee's in- volvement in issues of national security and foreign policy and of existing statutes relat- ing to Presidential powers in situations short of declared war. Earlier this year in my testi- mony before the Joint Committee on the Organization of the Congress, I urged that that committee consider this problem area (see pp. 17783-17785, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, July 97, 1965). Further, I urge that consideration be given to establishing policy guidelines with respect to the desirable degree of congressional in- volvement in each such situation and, con- versely, the degree to which it is desirable to expand or decrease Presidential power in the various undeclared war situations so defined. It is not necessary, desirable, or even safe for Congress to drift along with the country obviously at war, without either declaring war (which I am not suggesting) or, at least, redefining the term "war." It is the Con- gress' responsibility to determine and de- fine, within the Constitution, the desirable degree of congressional involvement in the conduct of foreign policy and national se- curity decisionmaking, and establish reason- able criteria upon which the distribution of power between Congress and the executive can be effected in an era of "limited war." Unless this is done, the once delicate balance of power between these two branches of Government will be decisively altered. CONCLUSION It would be easy to dismiss the questions raised on this rather obscure bill in that by itself this bill has little significance. How- ever, if the Congress continues to dismiss such questions on this and similar bills, and on the constitutional question here raised, it is ignoring an issue vital to the existence of our system of Government. Possibly, it is 'wise to extend the "peacetime" emer- gency war powers of the President as is done by this bill, but it is clearly unwise to do so on any basis other than on a thoughtfully conceived systematic basis. Congress should not Continue to run the risk of being held accountable by future generations as bearing the principal responsi- bility for the inevitable alteration, or, to be specific, diminution, of its role, and thereby of the people's role, in world affairs, and for the revision and violation of, our system of checked and balanced power. (NoTE.?The Honorable ROBERT P. GRIFFIN concurs in the a ve views of Mr. RUMSFELD.) SAL THE ThOOPS (Mr. 'UTT (at the request of Mr. WAT- SON) was granted permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous matter.) Mr. UTE Mr. Speaker, in this day and age, headlines are being grabbed by groups of rabble rousers opposed to a firm U.S. stand in southeast Asia, by individuals who won't stand up and be counted on the side of our great national heritage but would rather lie down and be carried away in apparent support of Communist terrorism. Therefore, it gives me a great deal of pride to be able to point to a group of patriotic American citizens who have come forward to de- fend the men who are fighting for our liberties. In Escondido, Calif., a group of local businessmen have come up with a won- derful idea to help boost the morale of our fighting men in Vietnam. They are circulating a petition, with an attached endorsement by the city council, saluting the important job American Armed Forces are doing in Vietnam. They ex- pect to gather 10,000 signatures of en- dorsement and then turn the resolution over to the military newspaper Stars and Stripes, so that the story can reach our men overseas. I commend these good citizens for their idea and their work in executing it. I hope that by their good example they will inspire men and women in other communities across the country to follow suit. The vast majority of the people in this country are in favor of taking a strong stand in Vietnam. When a minor flank of leftwing beatniks moves in to try to destroy the American will to pro- tect freedom, every patriotic citizen should be happy to put his signature on the line in opposition. Mr. Speaker, as part of my remarks I would like to include a copy of a letter written to the President by the origi- nators of this idea, a copy of the resolu- tion, and two newspaper stories relating to this subject: ESCONDIDO, CALIF., August 12, 1965. President LYNDON B. JOHNSON, The White House, Washington, D.C. Mr. PRESIDENT: In view of the many dem- onstrations going on in this country against the U.S. policies in Vietnam, we thought it hightime for the responsible citizens of this country to voice their opinion. The attached roll, "Salute to the Troops in Vietnam," was the result, together with a resolution of the city council of the city of Escondido, Calif. Our thought, Mr. Pres- ident, in sending this to you is to express the viewpoint of the majority, that as Amer- icans we know our responsibilities; that we will always uphold the honor and dignity of this Nation; that we are proud of our fight- ing men and women in Vietnam which makes freedom possible. Enclosed are clippings from the Escondido and San Diego newspapers giving us pub- licity in support of this movement. Also, local radio has been very generous in giving us free time. Local church groups are car- rying this message in their Sunday services. On completion of this drive we intend to forward these signatures together with the city council resolution to the Stars and Stripes and other media of communication of our service personnel in Vietnam. In this respect any help you can give us would be appreciated. One personal note, Mr. President: The three undersigned individuals salute you in this crisis and offer our prayers for your con- tinued good health and judgment. God bless you. Respectl'ully yours, STUART G. HUNT, Veteran World War 11 and Korea, San Diego, Calif. . EARL W. STRONG, Colonel, U.S. Air Force, retired, Escondido, Calif. JAMES R. BRIGHAM, Escondido, Calif. REsoLuTioN 3238 Resolution of the City Council of the City of Escondido expressing gratitude from the citizens of said city to the Armed Forces serving in Vietnam Whereas thousands of American service- men have been ordered to combat in Viet- nam while at home the issues of the U.S. involvement are being debated; and Whereas this Council as an elected body representing this community, and the indi- vidual members thereof, wish to express to their fellow citizens serving in the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps, who are pledging their lives to the principles of free- dom, our awareness of their sacrifice: Now, therefore, be it Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 20302 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE August 19, 1965 Xesolved by the City Council of the City of Escondido, Calif., That this Council on behalf of itself and on behalf of the people of the city of Escondido, hereby declares that we are proud of the members of the Armed Forces participating in the war in Vietnam, for they are upholding the honor and dignity of this Nation; and that we have deep respect for these servicemen, for they have not wavered in their duty to fight their country's battles; and that we are grateful to these men, for they are enabling us to continue to enjoy our freedom and prosperity; and be it further Resolved, That the city clerk be, and she is hereby authorized and directed to furnish copies of this resolution to all who may request it, so that it may be endorsed by those individuals and organizations who concur therein, and so that its message may be communicated to as many serving our country in the Vietnam area as is possible. Attest: LINA M. HILL, City Clerk of the City of Escondido, Calif. Passed, adopted, and approved by the City Council of the City of Escondido this 4th day of August 1965. ROBERT F. HARDING, KENNETH M. ROBERTS, FRED W. SPEER% LLOYD I. TIIRRENT/NE, CoUncibnen. Lraris P, TUSTIN, Mayor. [From the Daily Times-Advocate, Escondido, Calif., Aug. 6, 1965] TEN THOUSAND SIGNERS WANTED FOR SALUTE TO MILITARY A group of Escondido businessmen will hold a public meeting at 5 p.m. Monday an the council chambers at city hall seeking volunteers to pass petitions saluting U.S. military personnel in Vietnam. The lanai- nessraen are Stuart Hunt, Earl Strong, and JIM Brigham. The group indicated the move is purely nonpolitical in nature. They said 'signing of the petition by Escondidans would be only for publicizing the fact that the work being accomplished by our service personnel is ap- preciated. They hope to have at least 10,000 signatures on the petition and the story printed in Stars and Stripes, the military newspaper overseas. BEGIN TUESDAY Plans are for circulation of the petitions to begin Tuesday and continue for 2 weeks. Also included will be a request for a banner to span Grand Avenue asking the people to salute the military personnel. The group asks that any service club or organization interested in assisting in the program to send representatives to the meet- ing. Following is the resolution unanmiously passed by the city council Wednesday night expressing gratitude from the citizens of the city to the Armed Forces serving in Vietnam: "Whereas thousands of American service- men have been ordered to combat in Vietnam While at home the issues of the 17.5. in- volvement are being debated; and "Whereas this council, as an elected body representing this community, and the in- dividual members thereof, wish to express to their fellow citizens serving in the Army, Navy, Air Force, and Marine Corps who are pledging their lives to the principles of free- dom, our awareness of their sacrifice: Now, therefore, be it "Resolved by the City Council of the City of Escondido, Calif., That this council, on behalf of itself and on behalf of the people of the city of Escondido, hereby declares that we are proud of the members of the Armed Forces participating In the war in Vietnam for they are upholding the honor and dignity of this Nation; and that we have deep re- spect for these servicemen for they have not wavered in their duty to fight their country's battles; and that we are grateful to these men for they are enabling us to continue to enjoy our freedom and prosperity; and be it further "Resolved, That the city clerk be, and she is hereby authorized and directed to furnish copies of this resolution to all who may re- quest it, so that it may be endorsed by those individuals and organizations who concur therein, and so that its message may be com- municated to as many men serving our coun- try in the Vietnam area as is possible." [From the San Diego Union] THREE ESCONDIDANS Map GI VIET MORALE DRIVE EscoNomo.?Three Escondidans have started a drive to counteract the impressions of many servicemen in Vietnam that civilians beak home are apathetic or opposed to the war efforts in the Par East. "Let's face it," commented one of the three, Earl Strong. "Those boys are over there because of us. They have to stay there and take it. And when they read the head- lines about protest marches against the war, they wonder: `What am I doing here?'" COUNCIL RESOLUTION Strong should know What the boys in Viet- nam are thinking, because he served his last two tours of duty there before retiring as a colonel from the Air Force last year. "What we are trying to do is to get a grass-roots, nonpolitical movement started to let the men over there know that the people over here appreciate the sacrifice they are making," Strong explained. The idea turned into reality when Strong, Jim Brigham, and Stuart Hunt convinced the Escondido city council to pass a resolu- tion putting this sentiment into a written pat on the back. Brigham, a rancher, thought of the idea, and recruited Strong and Hunt?a Korean veteran and prisoner of war during World War II?as technical advisers for his project. YOUNGSTERS INTERESTED Armed with the formal resolution of the council, the three now are planning a volun- teer campaign to obtain several thousand signatures from citizens who also want to send their prayers and gratitude to the men serving in Vietnam. "We hope this idea will spread," said Strong. "We want to make it a personal thing. A letter to the individual serviceman from the people back home." Plans for an area campaign to obtain sig- natures on the official resolution will be made at a Monday meeting at 5 p.m. in the city council chambers. "We need hundreds of volunteers, and we are hoping to get youngsters interested in helping us. They are a wonderful bunch, and we need their drive and spirit." When Strong expresses hope that the ?idea of the drive will mushroom, he's speaking nationally. "There ought to be a lot of other communities doing the same thing. This is a morale problem we are fighting." Brigham's idea already has caught fire in the north county community. Clubs and churches contacted have agreed to help with the signature campaign. Individual volun- teers are expected to be recruited at next week's open meeting. "We think that this is the first effort of its kind," Strong stressed. "We sure hope it won't be the last." DR. WEAVER'S ASSERTION THAT DISDAIN FOR THE POOR HINDERS URBAN RENEWAL IS COMPLETELY PROVED IN BOSTON, MASS., PROJECT (Mr. WIDNALL (at the request of Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to ex- tend his remarks at this point in the REcoap and to include extraneous mat- ter.) Mr. WlDNALL. Mr. Speaker, on Mon- day of last week the Nation was treated to the sorry spectacle of low- and mod- erate-income citizens and their families being forcibly evicted and their homes bulldozed by the Boston Redevelopment Authority to make way for a luxury housing development in the North Har- vard Street urban renewal project in Allston, Mass. The following day I made a personal appeal to Dr. Robert C. Weaver, the Federal Housing and Home Finance Administrator, who has juris- diction over federally assisted urban re- newal projects, asking him to exercise his responsibility and call a temporary halt to the evictions and demolitions taking place in the area until a full re- view of the project, including a possible change in reuse and approach, could be made. Federal Urban Renewal Com- missioner William L. Slayton called and talked to me about the North Harvard Street urban renewal project at the di- rection of Dr. Weaver. I made this request in view of the fact that such diverse groups and individuals as the Massachusetts Committee on Dis- crimination in Housing, local and State Democratic representatives, the League of Women Voters, 10 of the top-ranking city planners in the State, and the Dem- ocratic City Council of Boston itself had also called for a change in the project and halt the demolition and eviction. Senator LEVERETT B. SALToNsTALL, of Massachusetts, joined in this appeal and also made similar direct representations to Dr. Weaver on behalf of the local citizens. After nearly 2 days' delay, during which time additional evictions and de- molition occurred, Senator SALTONsTALL and I were informed by Dr. Weaver late Thursday afternoon that Mayor John P. Collins, of Boston, had made a statement concerning the North Harvard Street ur- ban renewal project. The mayor called for a reopening of the question of the best use of the project area after it had been cleared, reconsideration of the method of selecting the developer, and a study of the project by a blue ribbon panel of citizens after the area had been cleared and everyone had been evicted. It would be an understatement to say that I consider this approach to be totally inadequate in the present situation. Never have I read such a cruel obituary of the hopes and desires of low- and mod- erate-income citizens. Unless this plan is changed to provide for a halt to the eviction and demolition process while the review of the blue ribbon panel is being made, Mayor Collins' statement will justly deserve a description as a pa- Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Relee.2003/10/14 : CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 20308 CONURESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE August 19, 1965 I wholeheartedly second this editorial and offer it at this point in the RECORD in the hopes that my colleagues will read it with similar approval: [From the Washington (D.C.) Daily News, Aug. 19, 1965J TIME FOR CONGRESS To REST Practically ever since it began last January 4, this Congress has been in a frenzy?a frenzy of passing more revolutionary laws than any single session in modern times. It has launched a broad program of Fed- eral aid to grade school education, for ex- ample. It has enacted medicare; It has put the Negro voting rights law on the books; it has cut excise taxes. It will take years for the administration of these laws to be smoothed out. But still Congress meets, day after day, passing or preparing to pass laws that in ninny instances could better wait for next year, or event the year after. It has on its dockets such measures as those giving Federal aid to higher education, increasing minimum wages, repealing the right-to-work provision of the Taft-Hartley Labor Act, rejiggering the farm program. As a child of Congress, and against the background of legislative failures of Presi- dent Kennedy, it is easy to understand why President Johnson keeps prodding Congress to go, go, go on passing his bills. He had the Democratic majorities to do this; he has a politician's desire to get the "hard ones" out of the way before next year's elections. Now he has told congressional leaders that he has no additional requests to make of them, for which they and the country can give thanks. But the point is that he already has asked so much that even with its extraordinary record Congress still has before it many of the President's Great Society bills. We believe Congress is tired?tired of be- ing pushed. We think the country is sur- feited with new laws. If there must be more Great Society laws, they'd be better laws if studied longer by a rested Congress that has had ample chance to talk with the folks back home. If this administration is as smart politi- cally as it is credited with being, we think it should do this: Recommend to Congress that it do only Its necessary chores quickly and then go home. These chores would include the necessary appropriations, but cutting to the bone the domestic spending for "butter" while it allocates more and more money to the Presi- dent to finance the Vietnam war. And if done by Labor Day, the country and the Government would benefit. (Mr. HALPERN (at the request of Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to ex- tend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous mat- ter.) [Mr. HALPERN'S remarks will appear hereafter in the Appendix.] U.N. A DEBATING FORUM ONLY (Mr. HUTCHINSON (at the request of Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous matter.) Mr. HUTCHINSON. Mr. Speaker, Ambassador Goldberg's statement at the United Nations, changing our position on the requirements of article 19 of the charter, amounts to a retreat before the forces of communism, and is very dis- appointing to me. On this point in the cold war, many of us hoped that the United States would not back down. There is another side to the matter, however. If the Communist bloc can re- fuse to respect assessments imposed against them by the United Nations, so can the United States and others in the free world. What can be done by one side can be done by the other. The meaning of our retreat is that the United Nations has no power to tax member na- tions against their will. Therefore, no part of the sovereignty of the United States has been surrendered to the world organization. The United Nations can function only as a forum for debate. In that role, it will perform a service be- cause discussion is always to be preferred to war. It will not have power to com- pel; and since that is true, this Nation remains wholly sovereign. IN MEMORY OF ST. STEPHEN (Mr. DERWINSKI (at the request of Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous mat- ter.) Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, to- day is of particular significance to Americans of Hungarian descent be- cause it is the day they honor their great national hero, St. Stephen I. St. Stephen is considered to be the father of Hungary. He was crowned their first King in the year 1000 A.D. This act which marked the formation of a kingdom out of a former tribal con- federacy was thus the most significant event in the long history of the Hun- garian people. The 38-year reign of King Stephen was spent in consolidating the new state. In developing Hungarian political insti- tutions, King Stephen combined the tra- ditions of his people with the advances made by his Western neighbors. He was extremely active in legislative, adminis- trative, and financial areas. It is therefore natural that the feast of St. Stephen, the patron saint of the Mag- yars, has special meaning for Americans of Hungarian origin. Mr. Speaker, at a time when the brave Hungarian people are suffering under the oppressive dictates of a Communist regime, their spirit of independence re- mains inspired by the memory of their great national hero, King Stephen. In present-day Hungary, a dramatic relig- ious leader, Cardinal Mindszenty, serves the same inspirational role that St. Stephen, first King of Hungary, brought to his people. Therefore, Mr. Speaker, I take this time to encourage the Hungarian-Amer- icans working for the cause of restora- tion of freedom to their homeland to rededicate themselves to the memory of St. Stephen, and the historic greatness of their nat THE UATION IN VIETNAM (Mr. DERWINSKI (at the request of Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous mat- ter.) Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is obvious that the situation in Vietnam is growing in complexity, and recent ac- tions of the President have not helped the situation. I refer specifically to the reappointment of Ambassador Lodge to a post he had previously filled in a most questionable fashion. At this point in my remarks I ask leave to insert in the RECORD an article which appeared in the August 1 issue of Our Sunday Visitor, by Rev. Daniel Lyons, S.J.: AMBASSADOR LODGE RETURNS (By Rev. Daniel Lyons, S.J.) Two years ago our commander in South Vietnam, General Harkins, declared that the war was almost woh. Secretary of Defense McNamara told us that most of our troops would be home by Christmas. Sir Robert Thompson, who was head of the British Advisory Mission to South Vietnam, notified his superiors at Whitehall that the Viet- namese Government "had turned the corner and was winning the country back from the Communists." Our distinguished career Ambassador, Frederick E. Nolting, Jr., agreed wholeheartedly with these reports and con- tinued backing the Diem regime. President Diem was so successful that the Communists were determined to get rid of him. It was their only chance to avoid de- feat. In order to get 'him out, the Com- munists concentrated on a propaganda cam- paign against him. They soon convinced re- porters that the Government was persecuting the Buddhists. Ambassador Nolting said that in 21/2 years he had not seen any signs of religious persecution, but the correspon- dents kept reporting that there was. Their proof was the fact that several Buddhists committed suicide. A suicide actually does not prove anything, but pictures of two or three suicides in Saigon electrified the world. They even made a great impression on the White House. Averell Harriman had been urging Presi- dent Kennedy to appoint Henry Cabot Lodge as Ambassador to South Vietnam, and when Lodge walked into the President's office in June 1983, the President exclaimed: "[rust look at this. Where is it all going to end?" He showed Lodge a newspaper photo of a Buddhist committing suicide. Kennedy told Lodge that the people in Vietnam were against President Diem and our policy there was liable to fail. He urged Lodge to go to Saigon and take over. THE FIRST MISTAKE The biggest single mistake about Lodge was for the administration to send him there in the first place. He did not have any ex- perience in Asia, or as an Ambassador to any country. Both former President Eisenhower and former Vice President Nixon advised Lodge not to take the appointment. But he did, and he arrived in Saigon In August 1963 only to commit blunder after blunder. His first mistake was to present himself publicly to the leaders of the Buddhists be- fore he called on the President of the coun- try. Leas than 24 hours after he arrived, he wired Washington that Diem would have to go. His next blunder was to grant asylum to the Buddhist monk, Thich Tri Quang, who had been trained by the Communists, and whose three brothers were Communists. Tri Quang had been giving the government a great deal of trouble, and Lodge gave him hanctuary in the embassy for 10 weeks, until iem was assassinated, even though it was against our regulations. Tri Quang's pagoda was the headquarters for the Communist Youth Organization. Father Raymond de Jaegher has since testified that Tri Quang was a Communist all along. Approved For Release 2003/10/14 : CIA-RDP67600446R0003001300)9-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --- HOUSE ponents of BRA evictions in the North Har- vard project in Allston and pledged "the sheriffs and police will deal quickly" with those who defy the law. "More people will be moved out next week," Logue said sharply. "Let them keep their picket lines; I don't care." To back up his stand Logue held a 2- hour star chamber session with his lawyers and Deputy Police Superintendent Joseph Baia and then announced: "The moving vans will roll in there be- ginning Monday." He also took a slap at Sheriff Frederick R. Sullivan, implying that his deputies had been stalling in serving eviction notices on the rest of the 50 families slated to lose their homes. "He is usually uptown' when I try to phone him," Logue said sarcastically. No decision has been made by the law department on the plan to rope off the area to keep "outside troublemakers" from the district during the evictions. However, Logue said there was "a likelihood that bar- riers will be used." Back at the scene a the week-long evic- tion trouble. The North Harvard Neighbor- hood Association issued a statement charg- ing that the first residents chosen for dislo- cation were those who led the opposition against the project from the very first. "They were singled out to intimidate the rot of the community." The statement charged the residents were denied the right to a Court trial of the legal- ity of the seizure of their homes. It stated that owners and rent payers have offered to have the court hold their arrearage in escrow until final determination of the case. OFFERS TO PAY James Wheel's and his wife, Jacqueline, carrying their infant, Erik, left their second floor home at 4 Heffernan Street and walked down to the mobile project headquarters. Wheelis had his checkbook. Be offered to pay his 8 months rent arrearage of $414 to Joseph Bunkman, project supervisor. FloWever, he added the stipulation that the BRA cease evicting all of the residents of the area. Buckman said he would accept the money but refused to accept Wheels' condition. The 'Wheelis couple and their baby left after the Ilarvard chemistry major called the proj- ect "immoral" and vowed to "sit here like a ton of bricks until we are dragged out" sarogAn ALARM At the same time, the neighborhood alert "post" was being manned by the "widow's bri- gade" to alert and bring into the area their supporters in the antirenewal battle. By prearrangement, the warning that the mover's trucks are on the way is spread by -phone to sympathizers in Carnbridge, Charlestown, Mission 1E11, Revere, Winthrop, We Roxbury, and even Wayland. [From the Boston Record American, - Aug. 8, 19651 "CARRY Us OUT" CRY ETICT'EES tENINTI 1.10CXS (By Jack Wharton and George Neary) In defense a their homes and in defiance of eviction notices by the BRA, residents of the North Plarvard St., Allston, area, Thurs- day barricaded their doors and vowed they wcand have to be carried out "bodily." The leader of the barricade platoon was James Wheelis, a Harvard student who shares No. 4 Hefferan St., with his young wife, Jacqueline, and 'their 7-month-old Eric. Blails were driven into a heavy beam and pounded into their front door. Wheelis said '''when the evicteni come they'll have to smash their way in. We, will No. 153--11 Stay inside the house arid if they Want to get us out they will have to carry us?and the baby?out bodily." Other Ulan. the barricading, the streets, were quiet. There was an air of restless calm in the neighborhood. There were no pol Ice. Behind the curtains, the neighbors peered out at the streets waiting for the reappear- ance of the sheriffs and the crowbar-toting evic ters. On North Harvard St., Mrs. Eunice Hol- lana sat by the phone ready to rally her "widow's brigade" to the Wheelis home or any other residence singled out by the evict- ers. Meanwhile, the city lawyers wer studying the books to see if their plan to rope off the ara to the exclusion of outside "troublemak- ers"--opponents of urban renewal projects in every section of the city?was covered by law. The BRA has ruled that 50 families must be evicted from their $40480-a-month homes to make way for a 10-story plush tower build- ing where the developers will rent them from $175 to 6290. [From the Boston Record American, Aug. 5, 1965] MOVERS REVISE SECOND EVICTION INVASION? Atterox "Sirreas" WIN BArrie (By Jack Wharton, Tom Berube, and Gordon Hillman) The mass street sit-down in Allston, staged by 100 residents of the North Harvard Street area to prevent the Boston Redevelopment Authority from evicting families from their homes, had its effect Wednesday when mov- ing companies refused to send their vans into the embattled district. No vans were available to the BRA or dep- uty sheriffs after movers had seen?in news- paper photos?a scene a violence that looked more like Mississippi or Alabama than Mas- sachusetts, as 30 officers dragged and hauled the tdown demonstrators. Four men arrested in the wild melee had their cases continued in Brighton district coUrt. The only moving truck to enter the area Wednesday ran into a frightening reception when it pulled up beside a variety store owned by Mrs. Margaret Redgate, whose son was arrested by police Tuesday night as she battled vainly to free him. When neighbors saw the truck, they poured out of houses, streets, and alleys and surrounded it. They found that the startled truckmen were only stopping to buy sand- wiches at Mrs. Redgate's store. With no vans wining to go into the neigh- borhood to cart off furniture all was quiet in North Flarvard Street. Lookouts were posted on every street and most of them were women. Meanwhile, in Brighton district court, the four young men arrested Tuesday night were charged with disturbing the peace. Their counsel, Attorney William Homans, waived a reading of the complaint and the cases were continued until August 12. Freed in $50 bail were Stephen B. Goldin, of 9 Hefferan Street, and James B. Wheels, of 4 Hefferan Street, both 23 and both Har- vard seniors; Bernard R. Redgate, 24, of 162 North Harvard Street; and David R. Outer- bridge, 28, of 31 Field Street, Roxbury. From Nirashington, BRA Administrator Ed- ward J. Logue, unsurprisingly declared of the demonstrators: "These people are not my heroes. They have fought the project for the last 8 months. They have gone from hearing to hearing spewing villiflcation on Monsignor Lally and other members of the BRA." 20807 AMERICAN LABOR AND INDUSTRY REQUIRE GREATER DEGREE OF PROTECTION (Mr. SAYLOR (at the request of Mr. WATSON) was granted peituission to ex- tend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous mat- ter.) Mr. SAILOR. Mr. Speaker, in the past 20 years Pennsylvania produced a total of 1,673,580,000 tons of bituminous coal and 590,343,000 tons of anthracite. The figures would be much higher if it were not for the more than 3 billion bar- rels of residual oil?equivalent to more than '740 million tons of bituminous coal?that have been poured into east coast markets since V-J Day. From 1947, when 147 million tons of bituminous coal were produced in Penn- sylvania's mines in the postwar indus- trial boom, coal output in our State slipped to 621/2 in 1961, after which we have enjoyed an upturn which is ex- pected to bring this year's total to about 84 million tons. Lest anyone get the Idea that we can live harmoniously with excessive imports of residual oil, however, I point out that our share of national bituminous coal production dropped from 23 percent in 1945 to 16 percent for the current year. During the same period, anthracite has dropped from 55 million to less than 14 million tons, a tragic situation for areas of Pennsyl- vania where mines were the foundation of the economy. Although gross income to the Nation's railroads from hauling coal since the end of World War II has amounted to more than $20 billion, the figure would be sub- stantially higher if the U.S. policy did not favor foreign oil shippers over domestic fuel producers. For this reason Congress must not forget that coal and domestic oil alone are not the sole victims of too much foreign oil. Officials responsible for administering the oil import control program must be constantly reminded that labor and industry in this country require a greater degree of protection than is afforded by current restrictions predicated on the import control pro- gram. TIRED CONGRESS SHOULD GIVE ITSELF?AND PUBLIC?A REST (Mr. CLEVELAND (at the request of Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous matter.) Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, the lead editorial in today's Washington News calls for Congress to wind up its routine chores and go home. The writer correctly points out that we have flooded the country with far-reaching, dramatic new programs which will take time, per- haps years to digest. It is time that we Paused, returned to our peopie to hear what they have to say and generally back off to take a look at what we have wrought since January. Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA:RDP6/B00446R000300130009-6 August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? noun 20309 The Communists had gained control of only 14 of the 3,500 Buddhist pagodas in South Vietnam, but the 14 got all the at- tention from the press, with their cries of persecution. The Communists also spread the rumor among American officials in Sai- gon that Diem was trying to make a Catho- lic state out of the country, and that the 500,000 Protestants in South Vietnam were going to be persecuted. Ambassador Lodge told President Diem that he should send his brother, Ngo Dinh Nhu, away. Lodge gave no real reasons for this, and Diem pointed out that it was like asking President Kennedy to get rid of his brother, the Attorney General. Shortly be- fore his death, Counselor Nhu declared that at first they thought Lodge, being a Republi- can, "would possess good anti-Communist feelings, but he did not. His political views seemed to be dominated by Linus Pauling in the New York Times, and the neutralist preachings of Walter Lippmann * * Lodge never stopped working against us. His only care has been to intrigue against the legal government to which he was accredited." THE BIGGEST MISTAKE When President Diem requested Lodge to send four Americans away for plotting against Diem, Lodge failed to do so. Lodge told Diem he should replace his ministers, who were ciivlians, with army generals. He even had the generals polled to see if they would lead a coup. None of them wanted to, but as Marguerite Higgins wrote: "Everyone in Vietnam knew that America had declared political war on Diem." Secretary of State Rusk had praised Presi- dent Diem highly just a few months before we instigated his death. So had Vice Presi- dent Lyndon Johnson, and Senate Majority Leader MI= MANSFIELD. Secretary of De- fense McNamara described the magnificent work done by Diem as "a near miracle." The House Committee on Foreign Affairs, a few weeks before Diem's death, declared: "In the 8 years since Diem took power, Vietnam has acquired full independence, written a con- stitution, and held the first four national elections based on universal suffrage ever conducted in Vietnam." To refute the Communist charges that Diem was persecuting the Buddhists, Diem had asked the United Nations to send a fact- finding mission to investigate. The report was due to come out that fall, but after Diem was killed the United Nations did its best to suppress it. It was finally uncovered by Senator THOMAS J. DODD, and published by the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee. It completely cleared the late President from charges of persecution. South Vietnam had enjoyed nearly 10 years of stable rule under President Diem, and both American and British officials had de- clared that the war was being won. When the Communists in Vietnam heard about Diem's death, they exclaimed that it was "too good to be true." Of the 8,000 strategic hamlets that President Diem had built to protect the peasants from the Vietcong, 5,000 were taken over by the Communists after his death. The war was prolonged several years by the death of Diem, a death brought on by the policy of American officials. Somehow, through a merciful providence, it is hoped that this time Ambassador Lodge will not impede the defeat of communism, but ex- pedite it. In either case, his appointment remains a mystery. One of the troublesome developments has been the now stated administration policy of accepting unconditional nego- tiations with the Reds. The door for ap- peasement is thus open. At this point, I Insert in the RECORD as part of my re- marks the column by Father Lyons in the August 8 issue of Our Sunday Visitor: VIETNAM AND THE GENEVA CONFERENCE (By Rev. Daniel Lyons, S.J.) Statements have recently been made in Moscow and Hanoi, and also in Paris, that we should_ return to another conference like the one held in Geneva in 1954. That is to be expected, at least from Moscow and Hanoi, as they know that in such a conference they are bound to win again. What is surprising is that Secretary of State Rusk declared that the United States would not object to using the Geneva Conference as a basis for discus- sions concerning a ceasefire in Vietnam. Senate Majority Leader MIKE MANSFIELD has taken the identical position. Even President Johnson declared on March 25: "We seek no more than a return to the es- sentials of the agreements of 1951?a reliable agreement to guarantee the independence and security of all southeast Asia." Senator J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT, chairman of the Sen- ate Foreign Relations Committee, also sug- gested in a major speech to the Senate last June that we return to the Geneva Accords of 1954, "not just in their 'essentials' but in all their specifications." Next to actual withdrawal, nothing could be more danger- ous. The requirements of that conference were that all foreign troops be withdrawn. What the Communists mean by foreign troops is American troops, Korean troops, Australian troops, everything but Communist troops. A Chinese -soldier looks just like a native Vietcong. The Geneva Conference also called for an election for all Vietnam. The Communist north would be certain to win such an elec- tion. The north outnumbers the south by several million, and there is a rigid one-party system in the north whereby no one would know anything about the non-Communist candidate. Besides, Communist China can always march a million or two extra voters into North Vietnam. A STACKED ELECTION The International Control Commission that would supervise the election, according to the Geneva Conference, is one-third Com- munist and one-third pro-Communist, and it is completely rigged in favor of the ag- gressor. The Commission's reports must be unanimous, and even then there is no way to enforce its findings, as the last 11 years have abundantly proved. The Geneva Conference very simply put in writing: (1) the defeat of France: (2) the unwillingness of either the British or the United States to stand up to communism at that particular time and in that particular place. The safeguards in the treaty against Communist aggression proved to be com- pletely worthless in practice. Even in theory the United States and South Vietnam re- fused to sign them. Why should America now put herself in the position of accepting what she found so unacceptable at the very time of allied defeat? President Eisenhower, at the conclusion of the Geneva Conference, pointed out that we had serious objections to it. In Bedell Smith's famous unilateral action at the con- clusion of the final session, the United States declared that we, "Take not of the agree- ment concluded at Geneva on July 20 and 21, 1954." The dedicated Foreign Minister of South Vietnam, Mr. Tran van Do, who is also Viet- nam's Foreign Minister today, cabled Prime Minister Ngo Dinh Diem on July 20: "Absolutely impossible to surmount the hostility of our enemies and perfidy of false friends. Unusual procedures paralyzed the action of our delegation * * *. All arrange- ments were signed in privacy. We express our deepest sorrow on this total failure of our mission." Three weeks later, Senator William E. Jen- ner told Congress: "The United States was outthought, outtraded, and outgeneraled." Why, why then, since this was the case, do our top leaders today declare that we are willing to use such a deadly agreement as the basis for resolving the war? REDS HAVE MAJORITY The Geneva Conference favored the Com- munists in practically every respect in spite of the fact that six of the nine participants were non-Communist: Laos, Cambodia, France, Britain, South Vietnam, and the United States. The Communists had only three on their side in 1954: China Russia, and North Vietnam. Today, however, the Com- munists would certainly have the majority. They could count on China, Russia, North Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia, the Vietcong, and probably France, in addition to the fact that Britain has already come out in favor of neutralization. That leaves only South Viet- nam and the United States: two against eight. If we were outthought, outtraded, and out- generated when the number of participants was 6 to 3 in our favor, what will hap- pen when the odds are 8 to 2 against us, and if we consent to use such a pro-Commu- nist treaty as the Geneva Conference as the basis for further concessions? Negotiation today is an empty word as it echoes through- out the world. Even if there were someone willing to negotiate with us, we should re- mind ourselves that we contained commu- nism in Korea, where we failed to agree on any negotiations, whereas we lost Laos for the very reason that we did manage to nego- tiate over it. "NO WIN" POLICY Our policy Is still not one of winning. I have already heard from experts in southeast Asia that the people in South Vietnam were "very much astonished" at our recent ap- pointment of Cabot Lodge as the successor to Ambassador Taylor. They were confident that Taylor was out to win, but they look upon Lodge as a man who will give in to the pressure from Britain and elsewhere for ap- peasement. The day appeasement becomes our national policy, America will be headed for defeat. To base any future negotiations on the Geneva Conference of 1954 would surely amount to such a policy. Most of the agree- ments at the Geneva Conference were arrived at privately, during the 40-day recess before the fifth and final plenary session. Most of the agreements were confidential, and have never been published. One wonders how many of our top officials have ever read them? Mr. Speaker, the American fighting man in Vietnam is performing to the ut- most of his ability against unnatural cir- cumstances. The most unnatural cir- cumstance is the restrictions placed on the ability of our military men to achieve the necessary defeat of Communist ag- gression in that country. The tragic errors of this administra- tion should not be compounded. Proper understanding of the Communist menace is lacking in the high councils of Gov- ernment, while the advocates of appease- ment and coexistence gain an upper hand in the State Department and White House innerdaiiit s. -4- *Fr SOAP, 4.sei , A ? VIETNAM (Mr. CHAMBERLAIN (at the request of Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous matter.) Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14 : CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 20310 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD?HOUSE August 19, 1965 Mr. CHAMBERLAIN. Mr. Speaker, I want to talk about soap, about candy, and about Vietnam. These subjects may not appear too related, but they are. As a matter of fact, several tons of soap and candy are today on their way to Vietnam to help further the civic action program of our marines stationed in the Phu Bal area near the 17th parallel. A few weeks ago, I was in South Viet- nam with a special subcommittee of the Armed Services Committee. We did not sit in Saigon we traveled over 2,000 miles throughout that war-torn country to get a firsthand look at what we are doing there. I would like to tell you about Phu Bai. Our marine doctors there, during their available free time, have been doing a most outstanding job In caring for civilians who are sick and in need of medical attention. They say that approximately 90 percent of their cases show marked improvement with the simple application of soap and water, but they do not have enough soap. We also heard reports of how a few pieces of candy could penetrate the lan- guage barrier and bring smiles to the faces of children who are living amid so much tragedy. So I came home determined to do what I could to help the marines with their important civic action program. I am grateful to report to the House today that, thanks to the big hearts of the people of the Soap & Detergent Associa- tion and the National Confectioners As- sociation, 5 tons of soap and candy are now enroute to South Vietnam, and I would like to include the names of the -donors for the RECORD: Soap: Purex Corp., Lakewood, Calif.; Lever Brothers Co., New York, N.Y.; Armour Grocery Products Co., Chicago, Ill.; Procter & Gamble Co? Cincinnati, Ohio; Colgate-Palmolive Co., New York, N.Y.; Duveen Soap Corp., Long Island City, N.Y.; the Lightfoot Co., New York, N.Y.; the Los Angeles Soap Co., Los An- geles, Calif.; the Theobald Industries, Harrison, N.J.; Lanmann & Kemp-Bar- clay & Co., Palisade Park, N.J.; the John T. Stanley Co., New York, N.Y.; the Her- shey Estates Soap Division, Hershey, Pa.; the Andrew Jergens Co., Cincinnati, Ohio; and Swift & Company, Chicago, M. Candy: the Fred W. Amend Co., Dan- ville, Ill.; Paul F. Belch Co., Blooming- ton, Ill.; Bonorno Candy Division, Gold Medal Corp. Brooklyn, N.Y.; Brock Candy Co., Chattanooga, Tenn.; Hard- esty Candy Co., Richmond, Va..; Tom Huston Peanut Co., Columbus, Ga.; and Luden's, Inc., Reading, Pa. I was amazed, and I am sure you Will be too, to learn that soap and candy could be of much real significance in such a complex war as that in Vietnam. This Is what Brig. Gen. William G. Thrash, U.S. Marine Corps, had to say in a recent letter to one of the donors to the civic action program: Recent reports from Vietnam'indicate that the program is paying genuine dividends, not only in the intangible ingredients that go to make up mutual understanding, but in very basic lifesaving acts by Vietnamese. Because of the relationship established by the gifts from your firm, and others, Viet- namese villagers have risked their lives to disclose enemy ambushes to Our marine patrols. If this pilot project works, I am sure we will have no trouble in getting further contributions of needed items for our civic action programs which are endeav- oring to stabilize and hold the rural areas of South Vietnam. Again, Mr. Speaker, I thank all who have been associated with this humani- tarian endeavor. WATER RESOURCES TRUST FUND NEEDED (Mr. BROCK (at the request of Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to ex- tend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous matter.) Mr. BROCK. Mr. Speaker, this Na- tion, and especially its northeastern sec- tion, faces a very real water shortage crisis which we must attempt to meet as soon as possible. Public and private demands for more clean water in the next decade will make this serious prob- lem even more acute. Therefore, I have introduced a bill, H.R. 10539, to establish a national water resources trust fund. Revenues result- ing from the Coinage Act of 1965 would be placed in this trust fund. The recently-enacted Coinage Act of 1965 removes or reduces the silver con- tent in dimes, quarters and half-dollars making an appreciable difference be- tween the face value and the intrinsic value of the coins. As a result, econo- mists estimate that a profit of $2 billion or more will be made by the Federal Government from these newly minted coins. ? The United States possesses the tech- nological ability to deal effectively with the water shortage, but these programs will be very expensive. Consequently, we need a fixed source of revenue to un- derwrite the research and development of water resources and their use. It is my hope that the administration and the Congress will recognize the urgency of the situation and act affirma- tively on H.R. 10539 in the near future. DISCRIMINATION IN, COMMUNIST RUMANIA (Mr. ASHBROOK (at the request of Mr. NAT/mow) was granted permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous matter.) Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, it gives great pleasure indeed to join my many distinguished colleagues who have cosponsored the resolution of the gentle- man from New York [Mr. HALPERN] and of the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. FEIGHAN] condemning the discrimina- tory measures of the Communist Ru- manian Government against? its citizens, particularly against the Hungarian min- ority in Transylvania which I also had the opportunity to cosponsor by my House Resolution 294 on March 24, 1965. Since that time no improvement of the situation has taken place. The situation of the minority economically continues to be bleak indeed and individuals can only escape from the rural areas where they are paid 3 lei?price of 2 pounds of bread?per day at the collective farms if they take jobs in areas outside of Tran- sylvania, thereby moving into purely Rumanian regions. And even this choice is only open to the skilled and the young. Politically, there is not even a semblance of self-administration and even the Hun- garian Communists are pushed aside by the Rumanians in the party. Even as infamous a man as Georg Moghioros, who has served as a loyal servant of Gheorghiu-Dej from the days of illegal- ity in the 1930's on is kept out from the ruling Politburo of seven, and others are no longer even in the Central Committee of the Party. Police, even in the "Mures- Magyar Autonomous Province" is Ru- manian, and speaks no Hungarian and the councils, except in purely Hungarian villages is also mixed, usually with a Rumanian majority. Police terror is still present to a degree greater than in Poland and Hungary. Search of the be- longings of foreign visitors in the hotels in their absence is still a general prac- tice and many of them are shadowed if they enter certain cities or areas. Edu- cationally, scores of Hungarian sections are closed down this coming month when schools start again, and the pressure on the parents to keep their children out of the Hungarian section is increasing sig- nificantly. Religious freedom is still ab- sent, aetheistic propaganda strong and teachers and intellectuals are forced to spread it if they want to retain their jobs, while people still can get fired for attending church services or for sending their children to religious instruction classes. Communal fighting on a smaller scale is a fact especially in the cities and tensions are rising between the two na- tionalities actively fomented by the government. Mr. Speaker, under these circum- stances we must tell the Rumanian Com- munist Government whenever negotia- tions are entered our strong and un- equivocal protest and displeasure felt in view of these measures. Otherwise, how can we pose as the powerful, freedom- loving and just nation, when we let the cry for deliverance by innocent and per- secuted people who are in reality our potential friends and natural allies be unansWered? In my speech of March 24, 1965, I listed several points which I be- lieve should be mentioned to the envoys of the People's Republic of Rumania by our diplomats and policymakers. May I now repeat them in a shortened form as they are as timely as ever: First, restoration of the right to choose employment at a place of their choice by professionals, technicians, and skilled workers. This would also mean that those who would like to move from their present assignments should be allowed to do so, especially if they want to move back to their own areas. Second, a promise by the Rumanian Government to use American funds and equipment in a manner only which would not deprive Hunotarian areas from indus- trialization and would give equal oppor- tunity of employment to Rumanian citi- zens of Hungarian ethnic background. Third, a clrnplete implementation of the 1963 f:" - ricsty as there are several Approved For Release 2003/10/14 : CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA,RDP61:600446R000300130009-6 August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE hundreds of priests, ministers and lay- men still in jail. Fourth. A restoration of the admin- istrative independence of the former Hungarian Bolyai University from the Rumanian Babes University, and the same procedure to be applied to the Phar- maceutical-Medical College at Marosva- sarhely?Turgu Mures. Restoration whenever possible of the administrative independence of Hungarian high schools and grade schools, and in any case ex- pansion of the Hungarian sections in the existing ones. Fifth. Creation of a statewide Hun- garian cultural federation which exists even in other Communist countries, the creation of a separate writers' union and actors' academy and opening to the pub- lic of the Hungarian libraries and folk art museums at Kolozsvar?Cluj, Maros- va,sarhely?Turgu Mures, and Nagy- enyed?Aiud. Sixth. Permission to use the Hungar- ian language in speech and writing in ? Hungarian-inhabited areas in public and in official documents. Seventh. Reattachment of the districts of Haromszek?Trei Scaune?to the Hun- garian Autonomous Province and the res- toration of the original boundaries- 1953-61?of the same. ? Eighth. More proportionate employ- ment of Hungarians in local administra- tive offices, including the police. Ninth. Guarantee of the freedom of at- ? tending the churches and synagogues and promotion of the education of those who want to enter priesthood or ministry. Restoration of the full freedom of Aron Marton, bishop of Gyulafehervar?Alba Julia?and AIL the va .nt sees. alifirAW ? ER DEMURRER (Mr. GOODELL (at the request of Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to ex- tend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous matter.) Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Speaker, I be- lieve the permanent RECORD of the Con- gress should include a very significant and intelligent editorial which appeared In the New York Times today. There- fore, under unanimous consent, I include the following entitled, "The Eisenhower Demurrer": THE EISENHOWER DEMURRER The battle on Van Thong Peninsula makes evident the extent to which American troops are now directly engaged in combat in South Vietnam. In these circumstances the ques- tion of how the United States got into this land war in Asia takes on political as well as historical interest. Both were involved in the remarks of former President Eisenhower, who conferred with Republican congressional leaders, then demurred from President Johnson's frequent suggestion that the current military in- volvement in Vietnam is the consequence of a Republican commitment given in 1954. The fact that the Korean war became a criti- cal domestic political issue in 1952 is in all minds. General Eisenhower emphasized his belief that "the Communists must be stopped in Vietnam." But he said that his October 1954 letter to President Ngo Dinh Diem, often quoted by President Johnson, was a pledge of foreign aid, not military involvement. And he stressed that he never made a uni- lateral military commitment to South Viet- nam, only a multilateral engagement through the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. Both points are well taken. It was a unilateral decision by President Kennedy in 1961?not a SEATO decision? that launched the program of massive Amer- ican military assistance to South Vietnam. Most Asians and most American allies in Europe have always had deep reservations about it. This undoubtedly will continue to be one of the heaviest mortgages on Amer- ican policy in southeast Asia and it would be unwise to ignore it. The shift from military assistance and combat advice to direct participation by American combat troops in the Vietnamese war has again been a unilateral American de- cision, this time by President Johnson. Not only was congressional debate avoided, but there were repeated denials that such a de- cision had been made. Indeed, the whole ef- fort was to make it appear that nothing had changed in American policy since 1954. The American predicament in Vietnam is likely to deepen long before it is eased. American casualties are certain to mount. Solutions are complicated by a colonial herit- age not of American making, but of which Americans unfortunately may become the heirs as their military numbers grow on Asian soil and as their firepower, unavoid- ably, takes a toll of civilians as well as guerrillas. The military decisions of the past closed out diplomatic options that then were open. This is what must be avoided in the future. Difficult decisions that lie immediately ahead may become even more difficult politically when warfare gives way to negotiation, as one day it must. It is essential that the country be clear at every stage where it is being led and why. If this has not always been the case in the past, it is all the more reason for straightforwardness to be the rule now. OMNIBUS FARM BILL (Mr. MOORE (at the request of Mr. WATSON) was granted permission to ex- tend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous mat- ter.) Mr. MOORE. Mr. Speaker, I would like the Members of this body to know that I firmly oppose H.R. 9811, the omni- bus farm bill. The very fact that it is an omnibus bill disturbs me. Each of the programs contained in this legislation calls for the commitment of millions of dollars, and I therefore believe that each should be closely examined by the House. Without a separate look at each program, how on earth can we ever attempt to sep- arate, so to speak, the "wheat from the chaff"? This bill means higher feed grain costs to 19,000 poultry farmers and 16,000 milk cow farmers in West Vir- ginia. H.R. 9811 proposes an extension of existing subsidy programs which we all know have failed miserably in the past, and the establishment of new programs that will necessarily result in the spend- ing of billions of dollars in the next 4 years. I agree that some of the Depart- ment of Agriculture's programs have been necessary and successful. The ex- penditures for the many commodity pro- grams however have been neither neces- sary nor have they been successful in im- proving the income of our Nation's farm- ers. Meanwhile, the cost of our com- modity programs has increased tre- mendously since 1960. The 1964 rice 20311 program is up $12.4 million; wheat is up $48.1 million; the feed grain pro- gram is up $554.3 million; the cotton pro- gram is up $304.4 million; and the peanut program is up $15.3 million. But even with this substantial contribution by the U.S. taxpayer, the net farm income is up only $900 million over 1960. Obviously these programs are deficient if the Federal Government has to spend $2 billion to increase farm income by only $900 million. Farm income is no greater now than it was 7 years ago. And today, under the proposed legislation before us, in addi- tion to the proven failure of the current commodity programs, cotton is to be in- cluded on the list of programs dependent ?on direct Government payments. This bill proposes to reduce c3tton acreage by cash payments to farmers who cut back their present acreage from 15 to 35 per- cent. We all know that it does not fol- low that production will necessarily de- crease merely because of a reduction in acreage. On the contrary, experience proves that production will actually in- crease. Another inconsistency which bothers me is the fact that while Ha. 9811 is sup- posed to persuade cotton farmers to cut production, it is apparently at the same time allowing any cotton grower the op- portunity to produce all the cottm he wants, without any risk of penalties and of course without subsidy. If this measure is defeated, most of the commodities included will be covered by existing programs which, although not really effective either, are still pref- erable in my opinion to the proposed costly programs under this bill. Of course if I could have my way, there simply would be no Government subsi- dies at all in American agriculture. I frankly believe that the agricultural community must move back to its origi- nal free enterprise position. It must go back to the market-price system rather than attempting to operate under the current governmental price-fixing setup. As I said previously, there have been a few USDA programs which have been successful, and this is why I was in favor of the ASC program. But on the whole, these farm subsidies have not accom- plished anything for the small farmer. And, may I assure you that the small farmer, particularly in the State of West Virginia, is who I am most concerned about. Accordingly, since HR. 9811 merely calls for a status quo in the agri- cultural situation in this country and there seems to be no suggestion of a sub- stantial improvement nor even an at- tempt to solve the farm problems, I can- not and will not support the bill. CONSULAR CONVENTION WITH THE U.S.S.R. The SPEAKER. Under previous or- der of the House, the gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DERWINSKI] is recognized for 15 minutes. Mr. DERWINSKI. Mr. Speaker, the growing interest in Senator FULBRIGHT'S railroading of the Consular Convention with the U.S.S.R. encourages me to rec- ommend again that our Committee on Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14 : CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 20312 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? J1OUSE August 19, 1965 Foreign Affairs hold imMediate hearings on this ill-advised pact. Although it is not within the jurisdiction of this body of Congress to ratify or reject the treaty, yet in view of Senator FULSRIGHT's ar- bitrary denial pf hearing expert public witnesses and other, Government wit- nesses, such as our Director of the Fed- eral Bureau of Investigation, .1. Edgar Hoover, it is our moral obligation both as Representatives of the people and citizens of this republic to afford at least the opportunity for a fair, honest, and open public examination of this danger- ous and contradictory pact. On August 8 I wrote to the distin- guished chairman of the House Foreign Affairs Committee, Dr. Thomas E. Mor- gan, asking for possible committee con- sideration. This afternoon I have again communicated with Dr. Morgan, hoping that in view of the grave questions in- volved, the growing public anxiety, and the lack of Senate scrutiny, the Foreign Affairs Committee will study the matter. Anyone who has taken the trouble to read the Senate Foreign Relations Com- mittee publication on the "Consular Convention With the Soviet Union," consisting of a single hearing with Sec- retary of State Dean Rusk and his aidp, cannot but be impressed by both the rigged character of the hearing and the confused notions surrounding the pact. For example, on page 2 the chairman replies to a member of the committee that it "would have to vote on it after we have committee hearings." As though to confirm Senator Hickenloop- er's obvious suspicion, only one hearing was held, involving only the Department of State, and not hearings, affording those who are opposed to the treaty the freedom of open, critical discussion. AS to confusion of thought on this treaty, on page 3 there is a caption "Con- sular Convention with Russia." The title of the pamphlet and the actual treaty in substance accurately refer to the "Consular Convention with the So- viet 'Union." As many of our university graduate students in East European studies now know, Russia and the So- viet Union are not synonymous. Is this treaty with Russia or is it with the U.S.S.R.? Logically and historically it cannot be with both. Yet we have the spectacle here, bearing the imprint of one of our highest legislative commit- tees, fallaciously confusing the two, which in many a graduate school would rate a zero. Mr. Speaker, many other examples of lack of understanding and confused thought regarding this treaty may be cited. To prevent a blind ratificaiton of this pact by our sister body, I urge the leadership of this Chamber to call for Immediate, open and public hearings on the treaty by our Foreign Affairs Corn- rnitee, inviting Mr. Hoover apd private citizens to testify. In our democratic framework this is the least that our citi- zens can expect?an open, frank, and critical discussion of a seemingly innocu- ous pact. To demonstrate the conflict of views on this issue, which in all fairness should be given a thoroughly legislative airing, I request that the following items be an- pended to my remarks: First, the Au- gust 13 editorial on "Normal Relations" In the Richmond News Leader; second, the August 6 Washington Post editorial on the "Consular Convention" and the full and unedited reply to it by Dr. Lev E. Dobriansky, professor of Georgetown University and president of the Ukrain- ian Congress Committee of America; and third, the Washington Post's edited pub- lication of this reply in its August 16 Issue, which speaks for tself : [From the Richmond (Va.) News Leader, Aug. 13, 1965] NORNIAL RELATIONS Details are now at hand concerning the swift railroad job, with Senator FULBRIGHT as chief engineer, which was done to get the Soviet Consular Treaty out of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee some days ago. Readers doubtless will remember that this proposal came forth with some fanfare early in 1964. Its purpose was to enable the So- viet Union to establish consulates in various parts of the United States and to let the United States set up consulates in the So- viet Union. When the deal got a brusque public re- action, it went immediately into the deep freeze. This treaty was definitely contro- versial. Controversial subjects are not dis- cussed in election years. Nineteen hundred and sixty-four was an election year. End of debate on the consular treaty. One can nod smillingiy at sharp politics, but one cannot nod at the suppression of the public discussion that ought to go with important congressional deliberation. If 1964 was a bad year to discuss getting cozy with the Soviets, 1965 is worse, Khruslichev Is gone: the committee government of the Kremlin is edgy. Soviet relations are in a far more dangerous state; American planes are being shot down by the Soviet missiles in Vietnam. So is there a full-dress hearing on the admittedly controversial treaty? Does EULBRIGHT dare? The consular treaty has long been in seem- ing repose. Late last month, the usual hints leaked out: The proposal was being revived even though Soviet antagonism was at its height. The scholarly and jovial chairman of the Captive Nations Committee, Prof. Lev Dobriansky, wrote to the Senate Foreign Re- lations Committee as just one witness who wanted to testify at public hearings. Dr. Dobriansky is a specialist in Soviet affairs who is frequently called upon as an expert witness in legislative hearings. He was in- formed by an aid to the Foreign Relations Committee that it was not known whether outside witnesses would be called. On July 30, the only hearing was held. The sole witness was Secretary of State Dean Husk, with his legal adviser. An August 2, Dr. Dobriansky wrote to Senator PULBRIGHT to urge open hearings. But the next day, the committee in executive session reported the treaty out on a voice vote. Senator BOURKE HICKENLOOPER was the only dissenter present; Senator PRANK LAUSCHE, another opponent, was not there. Thus after lis- tening only to the viewpoint of the admin- istration, the controversial treaty went to the Senate floor. Among the arguments that Senator PUL- BRIGHT did not want to hear?or did not want the American people to hear?were these: J. Edgar Hoover's recent testimony that Soviet consulates would broaden Soviet es- pionage and make security more difficult The precedent-shattering grant of diplo- matic immunity to consular officers. The difficulty that Latin American nations will face in rejecting Soviet consulates after the United States has accepted. The impracticality of trade with a nation that does not respect copyright or patent agreements. The failure to obtain concessions for the property rights of American citizens who are former nationals of the Soviet states. De facto recognition of the incorporation of Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia into the Soviet empire. None of these arguments was heard. In- stead, the only arguments were those Of Dean Rusk, who hbped that the agreement would help normalize relations. What is needed is an agreement to normalize the Foreign Relations Committee. [From the Washington (D.C.) Post, Aug. 6,19651 CONSULAR CONVENTION The Senate Foreign Relations Committee has done well in reporting out at last the consular convention with the Soviet Union which will so clearly benefit the United States. The committee acted on a voice vote with only one dissenting Member?Senator Ilicwrisioosza. Senators LAUSCHE and MUNDT, who were absent, may oppose the treaty when it goes before the full Senate but it probably wilt be and it certainly ought to be approved. It provides for consular protection and services for businessmen, tourists and other national, of one country while in the other. It opens the way for reestablishing consul- ates which have been closed since the out- break of the cold war. With or without the consulates, the Soviet Union has a ready enough acess to our open society, but the. privilege of having consulates in various ad- ditional places in the Soviet Union is a matter of great advantage to this country. Both President Johnson and Secretary of State Rusk have vigorously endorsed the consular convention since it first was agreed to at the end of May last year. The com- mittee has taken its time in acting and it Is to be hoped that the Senate will promptly approve it and send it to the White House. _ Ammer 6, 1965. To the EDITOR Or THE WASHINGTON POST: Your August 6 editorial on the consular convention contains, as usual, a mixture of truth and fiction. It is true that the Senate Foreign Relations Committee has reported this treaty out, but you fail to inform your readers how it was railroaded through the committee without fair and open public hearings. Also, your statement that the "committee has taken its time in acting" is a grossly misleading half-truth. You know as well as I do that Senator FULBRIGHT simply sat on the pact since June 1964, calling for hearings and then post- poning them, and finally, in the most un- democratic manner railroading it through committee for a blind ratification by the Senate. There is no question but that the advo- cates of this harmful treaty, who are eager to appease the Russian irnperio-colonialists at any price, have feared right along fair and open public hearings on the Second Treaty of Moscow. A considered and full exposure of its contents would lead to its rejection by the Senate. The statement I addressed to Senator Fuisarenr in my letter of August 4, I also address to you: "Those who speak piously and loudly about extrem- ists and the constant need for open and critical, democratic discussion of our foreign policy might well, in the quiet of their conscience, reflect on the crass discrepancies between their words and their deeds." If any extremist action was ever taken on any treaty or piece of legislation, this certainly is it. And your comments seem to support such action, The last-minute maneuver of having Sec- retary Rusk testify on this ill-written and Moscow-oriented pact does not satisfy the demand of moral responsibility for fair and open public hearings. Moreover, as I pointed out to Senator PIILBRIGHT and can easily prove, by "virtue of his antiquated and MIS- Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX been a guarantee back in 1870 against abridgment of a citizen's right to vote. Even more regrettable is the fact that congressional action was required. Mere enactment of the voting rights bill will not of itself subdue the extreme racism that has barred the southern Negro from the polling booth. It will, however, suspend the use of trump- ed-up literacy tests which have provided an excuse throughout the South for depriving Negroes of having a voice in the government that rules them. It will back up that right, if necessary, with Federal supervision of voter registra- tion. And it will bring a court test on the con- stitutionality of poll taxes which remain in effect in State and local elections in Ala- bama, Mississippi, Texas and Virginia. The key article in the 15th amendment says: "The right of the citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on ac- count of race, color, or previous condition of servitude." Race and color have been the issues in abridgment of voting rights. Previous con- dition of servitude is no longer applicable, except as southern Negroes have been bound by the chains of bigotry. There is irony, however, in the fact Presi- dent Johnson signed the bill exactly 104 years after Abraham Lincoln signed the bill giving slaves their freedom. Even more ironic is the fact that a cen- tury after the Civil War it was left to the Nation's first southern President to act de- cisively on voting rights for all citizens, in- cluding Negroes. Pony Express Mail Service EXTENSION OF REMARKS OP HON. GLENN CUNNINGHAM OF NEBRASKA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. CUNNINGHAM. Mr. Speaker, I would like to point out that I am not the only American calling for an improved mail service. I have received letters from thousands of postal patrons, not to men- tion the many news editorials that have been written about the present poor postal service. One such editorial recently appeared in the Farmer-Labor Press, published in Council Bluffs, Iowa, and I call it to the attention of my colleagues. TiE MAIL MUST Go THROUGH From the time of the pony express, the mall service has been a top priority in Gov- ernment and the most needed Government service. It held the highest respect from the citizens of the United States, but we don't believe this is true today and the fault lies \ in the,service being rendered. Parcel post has been the downfall of mail service. Breakable material is almost impos- sible to mail ,if it is expected to be received \ at its destination undamaged. It could be that this service needs to be turned over to 'private firms. There are a number of firms lealing in parcel delivery and are expanding. \ The postal department wants zip codes, ',Ong this will increase service, but it seems 'pause more Confusion than anything else. \ilding money to cause unemployment and `1 spending more money to train men ' ut a guarantee of a job doesn't help too . Let's hire more postal employees and get the mail delivered! This would help the unemployment picture and take some of the postal work now being done by businesses who are trying to do something? for the unemployed. Getting that dollar circulating is the only answer for economic progress. y_ Our Pro ds?Vie and the Republic of China EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX OF PtNNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, in the light of events during recent months in the Far East and specifically that in Vietnam, it is quite clear that the administration has taken the only effective measures to stem the tide of Chinese Communist imperial- ism in southeast Asia through its friends, the Vietcong. I commend the President for taking such firm and speedy action to prevent the further spread of the hazard of a conflagration which would inevitably lead to nuclear holocausts of world dimension. I only wish that the con- sensus of crystalized thinking of respon- sible people, such as it exists today throughout the Nation, had materialized even earlier so that it could have enabled the President to take tangibly effective action before now. Such being the situation at hand, it is only logical that we should make use of every and all efforts within that region to defeat the aim and purpose of the Chi- nese Communists. Toward this end we should help formulate and galvanize all the anti-Communist forces in the peri- pheral areas in southeast Asia. so do- ing, we must bear in mind not only that every anti-Communist country and Peo- ple should be encouraged to exert their power to maximal efficiency but also that certain peoples who can be in the van of the fray and bear the brunt of the re- sponsibility, be assigned such respon- sibility. Aside from ?the brave South Viet- namese who are doing their share of the fighting, we must also consult with the Republic of China whose indomitable President, Chiang Kai-shek, has stood undaunted against the once greatly vaunted and roaring tide of communism. The 600,000 effectives in its armed forces together with another 600,000 active re- servists?and I say active reservists in contrast to reservists that could be mo- bilized quickly and efficiently to counter any threat when and if they are needed?. will be an invaluable asset in the defeat- ing of Chinese Communist aggrandize- ment. The Republic of China and its excellent armed forces have served for many years as a counterpoise as well as the deterrent to the expansionist Chinese Communist's grand design. With the activation and stepping up by the Chinese Communists of their aggressive aims, the Republic of China and the Republic of Korea as well A4651 as the Philippines should be asked to make their contribution to their Asia to which we Americans have already con- tributed unhesitatingly and without stint in order to maintain freedom. I am fully cognizant that we the United States are doing it not only to uphold freedom in the world, but also to assure our own sur- vival as a free nation. The fact remains that the mantle of leadership has fallen upon us not through our seeking but through force of events and circum- stance. I am sure, in this all important task to which posterity and history will be the implacable judge, we will give a good and just account of our stewardship and acquit our task with nobility and firmness. Los Angeles Riots: Personal Responsi- bility Ignored EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. E. C. GATHINGS OF ARKANSAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. GATHINGS. Mr. Speaker, one of the outstanding Washington newspaper correspondents is William S. White, and his column carried yesterday in the Washington Post is a splendid state- ment of fact. I commend it to the Mem- bers of the Congress for careful consid- eration: Los ANGELES RIOTS: PERSONAL RESPONSIBILITY IGNORED (By William S. White) The bloody horror at Los Angeles has pro- duced the predictable outcries from the apol- ogists for any and every Negro crime of vio- lence. It all must be blamed not upon those who committed it but rather upon poor housing, unemployment, inadequate civil rights, or simply something vaguely called sociological unhappiness. This explanation wholly rejects a thing called personal responsibility. Thus looting and arson and murder and savage contempt for the elementary obligation not to destroy the lives and property of others are excused because those who have done these things felt unhappy and ill-treated by life. That deprivations are contributory to crime is, of course, true. That such depriva- tions among the American Negro community (and among the poorer and more forgotten whites as well) should be and must be?and are being?corrected is also true. But to argue, as many are doing, that personal dep- rivation can and should be put in evidence as any kind of justification for homicidal mania is to argue the most appalling and destructive of nonsense. The Hitler Germans, for one illustration, were undeniably ill housed, ill employed and full of what is now fashionably called the disease of hopelessness. And many of the same kinds of minds that are now weeping, not for the victims in Los Angeles but rather for the Negro rioters, were shedding similar and sirupy tears for the poor Germans three decades ago. All this then immensely armed the Hitler- ites, as all this now immensely arms the law- less in this country. Indeed, the develop- ment of a climate that condones murder and rapine for sociological reasons is more dread- ful to contemplate even than the passing physical and human shambles in the Negro area of Los Angeles. Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 A4652 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDp67B00446R000300130009-6 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX August 19, 1965 For this arms all the enemies of this Na- tion abroad and adds venom to the slander of American purposes abroad, as in Vietnam. No less, ironically, it slanders the American Negro at home. For the bottom meaning of the dreary song being sung by the apolo- gists for Negro violence is unescapably what? It is that the Negro is not to be held blame- worthy because he is irresponsible?the same Negro for whom the most far-reaching vot- ing rights bill in history has just been passed because he was ready for this highest respon- sibility in a democratic society. With many Americans, the apologists will have their way; they always do. But it is interesting to note that among one impor- tant set of Americans?the American poli- ticians?the song IS not going down so well anymore. An over this country urban-based politi- cians, many of whom have made a career a agitating for the most extreme a Negro de:manes, so long as only the South was the field of battle, are having some urgent sec- ond thoughts. It is not possible any more to point the finger at Montgomery or Little Rock or some such place. The politicians are at last getting the message that the vast Majority in this Na- tion, north no less than south, Negro and white, are tired of violence and destruction even in the name of civil rights reforms which rightly they support. Not anywhere hereafter is there going to be so much profit in a politics of egging on criminal destructiveness for the alleged pur- pose of promoting fair play. Of course, irremediable harm will have been done?harm to this Nation's honor abroad, to what seems to be a dying 'tradi- tion of some civility in public affairs and public issues, to the old dream of a society based upon a belief that rights march only with duty and that privilege is limited by some obligation. But even from the thorns perhaps a small gain may at last be plucked. Perhaps the automatic cry of police brutality will one day cease, if and when the bodies of under- paid policemen killed in line of duty are photographed along with all the pictures of police billies descending upon automatically innocent heads. "The Memory of Her Works of Mercy Will Remain With Us Forever" EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. JOHN W. BYRNES OF WISCONSIN 327 THE HOUSE OF R,EPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. BYRNES of 'Wisconsin. Mr. Speaker, with one Federal-aid program after another, foreign and domestic alike, so prominent in the Nation's head- lines, it is refreshing and reassuring to read of instances of efforts being made by private citizens and groups to help less fortunate peoples, wherever they may be. The Washington Evening Star on July 23, 1965, tells of such an instance, and it is one of which I am especially proud since the individual involved in a great, selfless, humanitarian work, Miss Gene- vieve Zandala, has roots in my congres- sional district and her work is supported by the Green Bay Catholic Diocese located in my district. The Star account necessarily can tell it is one which Members of the House will appreciate. The article follows: U.S. NURSE EAGER TO PUT IN LONO HOURS FOR $60 A MONTH The shortage of nurses in Latin America will draw a dedicated woman back there soon for another 3 years as a lay missionary. Genevieve Zandala learned Spanish in 4 months before she went on to assignments in Mexico and Chile as a clinic and visiting nurse under the Papal volunteers program. Now she's back at Catholic University tak- ing a 7 weeks theology and philosophy course before returning on a new 3-year a.ssignment. "When you see so few nurses in the vil- lages?no one to teach simple first aid and hygiene?you can see how great their need Is," she said. Whether she is reassigned to clinical work In underprivileged areas or to an opening on the teaching staff of a university school of nursing in Peru, makes no difference to Miss Zandala. She worked in neighborhood clinics with cooperation from local nurses, supplis front local women's groups, and a once a week visit from a doctor?aside from emergencies. The clinics were inspected by the national health service. Her $60 a month salary was higher than the average, due to a higher cost of living in her areas. The salary is paid by her own diocese in Green Bay, Wis. Her room and board is supplied by the diocese in the area of her assignment. Miss Zandala worked in St. Joseph's Hos- pital in Chicago and at Holy Family Hospital in Manitowoc, Wis. before enlisting as a Papal volunteer. She is 40. The program accepts volunteers from 21 to 45. Almost 80 are attending the courses here, while another 375 are "in the field" in Latin America, The group, established in 1960, sends vol- unteers to Brazil, Jamaica and British Hon- Woom And I think a testimonial to Miss Zan- dale, written by a parish priest in Mex- ico in thanks for her services, most eloquently tells the story. It is not an epitaph but a living praise of a young, active woman still working In her quiet, unassuming way. The priest wrote: The good which she accomplished among our people was very great, and her memory along wtth the memory of the works of mercy which she carried out will remain with us forever. The Real Alabama?Part XLVIII EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. JACK EDWARDS OF ALABAMA IN MITE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama. Mr. Speaker, the state of our economy in Alabama is good. One measure of the State's economic health is shown in the following article regarding revenue col- lections: REVENUE COLLECT/ONS Etna To SHOW ALABAMA'S GROWTH U revenue collections are a yardstick of the economic health and industrial press of a State, Alabama appears to be in ro- bust health. As an indication of current business ac- only a small pixt of the stdig but I feel tivity, collections of sales tax (including the companion use tax) compared with the same period last year increased by 10.5 per- cent. For the same period, gasoline tax col- lections have grown by 5.5 percent and to- bacco tax collections have grown by 6.5 percent. Other consumer taxes show more or less the same basic growth patterns. This growth gives every indication that It will continue. Overall collections made by the departmentof revenue show increases for corresponding periods, this year over last, 12 percent; this year over 1963, 32 percent; and this year over 1962, 40 percent. The use tax has grown this year over last by 21.6 percent. This tax is primarily paid by commercial and iridustrial buyers who make purchases outside Alabama. From this it appears that these classes of businesses are existing establishments and are being joined by new units of commerce and in- dustry. The phenomenal increase in income tax collections more than any other indicator points to increased employment and profits from expansion and growth of commerce and Industry in. our State. Income taxes col- lected this year are larger than collections made last year by 25 percent. A good part of this increase is coming from some 60,000 to 75,000 individual taxpayers who are paying income taxes for the first time this year. This increase in numbers conies about because of better enforcement coverage and better job and business opportunities. Overall tax collections on a fiscal year ba,sis are, for the year ending September 30, 1963, $277.6 minion; for the year ending September 30, 1964, $332.1 million; and for the year end- ing September 30, 1965, a,s estimated $338.8 million. Some $27 million of the increase for 1964 over 1963 is accounted for by an in- crease in the sales tax rate. Otherwise, these increases are primarily the result of more efficient tax administration, increased busi- ness opportunities, and industrial expan- sion. L.B.L's Talent Scout Needs a Computer and a 15-Hour Day KXTENSION OF REMARKS ow HON. CHARLES F. FARNSLEY OF KENTUCKY IN THE 110IISE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. FARNSLEY. Mr. Speaker, at the same time that President Johnson through his Great Society has called for renewed dedication to quality in Ameri- can private life, he has demanded excel- lence in public service as well. The kind of man he has chosen to conduct his talent search and the tech- niques he uses graphically demonstrate the President's awareness that his ap- pointees are an index to the caliber of his administration. That the President is determined to find the best man for each job is clear from this AP story on the talent scout, John Macy, which ap- peared in the Louisville Courier-Journal of August 15. With unanimous consent I place it in the RECORD at this point. [Front the Courier-Journal, Louisville, Ky., Aug. 15, 19651 L.B.j.'s TALENT SCOUT NWZDS A COMPUTER AND 15-HOITR DAY (By Frances Lewine) Wasunsorms..--Whoever scouted the Presi- dent's talent scout?John W. Macy, Jr.-- found a man with a special skill for finding others. pprove or Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14 : CIA-RDP671300446R000300130009-6 A4658 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX August 19, 1965 its editorial of August 13, 1965, for print- ing in the RECORD: [From the Baltimore (Md.) News American, . Aug. 13, 19651 THE HEALTH Buz Within this century, medical science has achieved such wonders in reducing the haz- ards of diseases, even to the virtual eradica- tion of some of them, that it may be some- thing of a shock to realize how many are the major ailments with which human be- ings are still imperiled. They are many indeed. They require mas- sive attack. An important weapon has been provided in the $280 million bill, signed by President Johnson, to stimulate and expand research in cancer, heart disease, and other afflictions in which immense and intensive research is essential. The prospective Presidential panel to study ways and means toward health, education, and happiness will, like the bill now, signed, have the blessings and hopes of all Americans, has no liking for what is happening in Vietnam, It is unlikely that Russia will exert its influence to bring about peace talks in Vietnam until Hanoi itself indicates that it cannot successfully carry. out Red China's course of military conquest. The burden of resolution of the Vietnam conflict rests with the leaders of the North Vietnam Government. President Johnson has made it clear that the United States will make it impossible for North Vietnam to win a military victory in South Vietnam. He has also made it clear that the United States neither wants nor seeks a military victory of its own. The neutral nations who are now trying to bring North Vietnam's Communist leaders to the realization are performing a valu- able service. They should be encouraged to continue their efforts. Hanoi's leaders must be made to realize that the choice of peace or continued devastation is theirs and theirs alone to make. EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. WILLIAM 1. MURPHY OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. MURPHY of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, the August 8 issue of the Chicago Sun- Times contained an especially fine edi- torial concerning the current Vietnam situation. The United States faces a challenge in Vietnam, and the course President Johnson has decided to follow Is keeping the avenues open for peace talks. I am taking this opportunity to bring the following editorial to the attention of my colleagues: [From the Chicago Sun-Times, Aug. 8, 1965] THE CHOICE IS HANOI'S President Johnson's repeated statements that the United States will never back down in Vietnam but will sit down to talk at the conference table seems to be bearing some fruit. Some weeks ago Great Britain sent an emissary to Hanoi to try to convince the North Vietnam Communists that President Johnson meant what he said. He was ignored by the North Vietnam Government, possibly because Great Britain is actively engaged in resisting a Communist push against Malaysia mounted by President Sukarno of Indonesia. More recently feelers have been put out to North Vietnam by neutral nations. Some of these efforts give promise of breaking through the intransigent attitude of the Hanoi government. It is too early to tell whether these attempts will be successful. But there seems to be some evidence that North Vietnam, for the first time, is listening with more of an ear than in the past. The Hanoi government is caught between the ideological differences that mark Russia and Red China's contest for leadership of the Communist world. Red China seeks to expand the Communist sphere of influence by military means. North Vietnam is a pawn in this effort. Russia, with pressing in- ternal problems of its own to solve, attempts to expand Communist influence by means of economic assault while offering peaceful co- existence. Ambassador W. Averell Harriman has indicated in his public remarks follow- ing his recent visit to Moscow that Russia Down With Mr. ZIP? EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. ARNOLD OLSEN OF MONTANA /N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. OLSEN of Montana. Mr. Speaker, the House Subcommittee on Postal Fa- cilities and Modernization held extensive hearings this year on the ZIP code sys- tem in. the U.S. postal service. As these hearings progressed it became obvious that some mailers would suffer real hard- ships if required to meet the Post Office Department's deadline for mandatory ZIP coding of second- and third-class mail. The Department's ZIP coding and pre- sorting requirements were originally scheduled for July 1, 1965, and were later postponed until January 1, 1967. H.R. 9551, the bill reported out of the subcom- mittee, would postpone this mandatory date to January 1, 1970. The later date would have given mail- ers needed time to absorb the costs of meeting the new regulations and would also give the Post Office Department time to work out all the bugs in ZIP code and to reassign postal employees affected by the phasing out of some 70 postal rail- way terminals as the ZIP code sectional centers are established. The following front page article from the August 18, 1965, Wall Street Journal explains some of the problems business faces in attempting to comply with the Post Office order requiring use of ZIP code on bulk mail by 1967. The date set by the Postmaster Gen- eral will probably remain effective; that is, January 1967, but I thought it worth while for my colleagues to observe a newspaper review of the controversy. DOWN WITH MR. ZIP??BUSINESS DEBATE GROWS OVER ORDER REQUIRING USE OF MAIL CODE BY 1967?MANY BULK MAILERS DE- MAND DELAY, SAYING CONVERSION COSTS COULD BE CRUSHING?BUT READER'S DIGEST LYKES IT (By Burt Schorr) WASHINGTON.?MY. ZIP: Zino*, zestful?OT an oppressive ogre? Post Office Department public relations men shudder at the thought, but their elfin creation is assuming menacing form to a growing number of businessmen caught in a dispute over the use of five-digit code num- bers in parcel and letter addresses. The 2-year-old Mr. ZIP, shown below, by now is a familiar figure to most people. He soon will be starring in an array of new posters and television commercials designed to boost voluntary use of ZIP (for zoning improvement program) coding by convinc- ing the first-class-mailing public it will speed mail delivery. But he also has gotten caught in an intensifying crossfire between backers and opponents of Postmaster General Gro- nouski's order that users of bulk second and third class mail must begin following ZIP procedures by Jan. 1, 1967, or face prohibi- tively higher rates. To understand the conflicting viewpoints, consider ZIP's impact on two companies: Mailmen, Inc., a Syosset, N.Y., concern, ad- dresses and mails some 100 million pieces of customers' mail annually, most of it third class solicitations. The company's cavernous processing department, where over 300 em- ployees work three shifts a day addressing and sorting outgoing mail into sacks, re- sembles a regular post office. THE 553 SORTINGS INSTEAD OF SO? "Today in a typical mailing we set up for initial sorting to 50 States and maybe an ad- ditional 70 major cities or substations," says President Manny Cohen in explaining his opposition to the Postmaster General's dead- line. "But the Department tells us that in less than 18 months we'll have to begin breaking down our mailings to 553 sectional centers. This means a bigger investment in plant, equipment and extra payroll without much hope of getting more money from our customers." The Reader's Digest, on the other hand, has found ZIP coding so useful that it is converting its mailing system voluntarily well in advance of Mr. Gronouski's deadline. The magazine has ZIP coded and re-sorted 73 percent of the addresses of its approxi- mately 15 million U.S. subscribers, and fig- ures the $150,000 it has invested in doing so already is paying off. "Under our old method of listing a sub- scriber's city or town a:phabetically, we had to wait until an entire mailing was addressed before we could begin loading boxcars or trucks with magazines for a particular area," says Malcolm Foster, manager of systems for Reader's Digest Association, Inc., publisher of the monthly magazine. "Now all the post offices served by the Buffalo,. N.Y., sec- tional center (ZIP numbers 14001 to 14300), for example, are addressed at nearly the same time regardless of whether the sub- scriber lives in Cheektowaga or Tonawanda (both suburbs of Buffalo). As a result, our readers are happy because they're getting their magazines 2 or 3 days sooner and the advertisers are glad to get the extra ex- posure." FIGHT REACHES CONGRESS So far, Mr. Cohen's side in this contro- versy has won a preliminary?though per- haps not too meaningful?victory. A pend- ing House bill sponsored by Representative ARNOLD OLSEN, Democrat, of Montana, would postpone the effective date of Mr. Gronou- ski's order for 3 years. Mr. OLSEN generally goes along with complaints from third-class mailers, such as Mailmen, Inc., that crash compliance with the order to presort bulk mail acording to the ZIP code could impose too stiff a financial burden on many small businessmen. The Olsen bill squeaked through a sub- committee this year, but it seems destined for eventual burial by administration forces convinced that ZIP coding eventually will Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX groups, the new ideas, the young performers, to get an audience. I therefore believe all Federal programs should concentrate on getting art to as many people as possible at as low a cost as possible. Regional companies and travelling companies are especially good for this purpose. The Shakespeare company sponsored by the New York Council on the Arts went into many small communities in the State, and we saw the impact that was made. - The American people are trying to make the fruits of culture available to all our cit- izens--just as we have been trying to make the fruits of economic abundance available to all our citizens. The United States now has 40,000 theater organizations, 1,400 sym- phony orchestras, 750 opera companies, and 200 dance groups. New art galleries, large public and small private ones, are spreading throughout the country. Programs by great institutions like the Boston Symphony Ox chestra are broadcast nationwide The spread of these institutions of culture in recent years, is a clear indication of the thirst for culture. But that is where the problem lies. We are not able to satisfy this thirst, in the way it should be, because the artists and performers do not have the eco- nomic incentive they need. The average annual income of members of Actors Equity is $2,000 a year. The salaries for meinbers of symphony orchestras range from $2,000 to $9,000. As for dancers, Agnes DeMille has said they "eat sawdust." It think it is a distorted system of values When stage hands in theaters make more money than the performers. And I certainly do not think We are fulfilling the best parts of our heritage when promising young men and women who could become outstanding perforrners are forced to program a computer rather than play a violin?are forced to go Into occupations less satisfying to them and less challenging because they cannot afford to do otherwise. The American people have recently begun to realize these facts, which artists have known for many years. So we are begin- ning to see action. Earlier this month the Senate Subcommittee on Arts and Human- ities reported favorably on a bill to establish a National Foundation on the Arts and Hu- Inanities. This bill is basically the one pro- posed by President Johnson earlier this year. But it also incorporates parts of several bills introduced by Senator PELL of Rhode Island, Senator GRNEN/NG of Alaska, Senator JAVITS o/ New York and myself. The bill that is before the Senate creates a national endowment for the arts, which would provide $5 Million a year, plus an- other $5 minion on a matching basis to help support the whole range of artistic activity, including music. It is the first program for direct Federal support for the arts in the history of the United States. The money could go to groups, such as orchestras, or go to individuals. It could be used to pay the cost of both foreign and domestic per- formers. It could be used to help artists improve their standards of professional ex- cellence, or used for educational programs, to increase the appreciation of the arts by our people. - Some extremely exciting, very imaginative programs have been proposed. To give you some idea, there are hundreds of young artists who live, on next to nothing. Money from the endowment could be used to pur- chase paintings from them, and make them available, on a rental program, to public buildings, to schools, to individual homes. There are promising young poets who have not yet made their mark. The endowment could send them around the country to give a series of poetry readings, so they would have a chance to be heard. We have recently seen the development of small movie companies, prowling the streets of our cities often with hand cameras, mak- ing movies often of excellent quality. Cinema 16 in New York is an outstanding example of this. This group presently works on its Own?but why net start a film academy, Which could encourage such people, and train them. Irt the field of music, I think we can create what Leonard Bernstein calls a "farm System". A series of regional organizations, which will travel to each of the cities of a region, and in which promising performers Will have a chance to develop until they reach the professional level of otir great orchestras and opera companies. Too often, an American artist has to go to Euorpe to perform, in order to become recognized. But with these regional companies, they can be discovered right here at home. Finally, special efforts should be made to give cultural experiences to children at an e,rly age. If a child has a series of experi- ences in which he hears music and poetry, or :'3ees plays or dances that he can appre- ciate, it makes an impression that remains with him all his life, making him into an adult who will appreciate the arts instead of avoiding them. All these ideas have two things in com- mon: They help get more income to individual performers, and they help broaden the audi- ence for the arts. I think one of the finest things the Gov- ernment can do is to bring together little known artists and communities that know little of art, to create a wholesome new re- lationship of artist and audience. This bill would not replace the efforts you are making to get support frbm the public, or corporations, or foundations. It would supplement them. We hope that in this way, people in the arts will have available the widest range of support for their pro- grams. ? When you consider the tremendous need in the United States, $10 million is not a lot of money. It is not enough, in my judg- ment. But it is a beginning; and I hope we could build, upon this beginning, a better and broader program as the years go by. It is customary for Government programs to start modestly. The minimum wage began at 35 cents an hour. Social security began ,at $20 a week. But as people realize how well they worked, they grew into very sig- nificant programs. In the past, Federal aid has been opposed by many artists because of the fear of Fed- eral interference in their work. But I do not believe that this amount of money, which is so small compared to the private funds spent on the arts could exercise a con- trolling influence.- Even as the Federal funds increase, the bill has a built-in safe- -guard; because the boards which would make the grants are composed primarily of private citizens, not Government officials. We have seen, in our aid to education programs, in our urban renewal programs, and in? many other fields that there can be Federal aid without Federal control. Even in the arts field, we see in Britain that the British Council has aided the arts success- fully without raising problems of Govern- ment control. / think it was very significant to the success of this bill when earlier this year the American Symphony Orchestra League reversed its long-standing opposition to Federal aid and endorsed the bill. Under this bill, the Federal Government will supply the money. But the artists and their organizations will have to make the proposals, do the planning, and select the performances to be funded.- While nothing is certain in the legislative process, I am hopeful that the Senate will act on this bill before the end of the sum- mer?and the House shortly afterward. _ We have a National science Foundation which disburses over $500 million a year for scientists and scientific research. It has A4657 worked well and has made an" important contribution. I see no reason why the Foundation on the Arts cannot develop in the same way. I would suggest other measures, beyond the scope of this bill, to encourage the arts in America. I think the Federal Housing Administration should guarantee the con- struction of theaters just as it guarantees the building of homes. Especially neigh- borhood theaters in places like shopping cen- ters and suburban communities. These areas should have theaters good enough for performances by professional companies. This could do a great deal to extend arts to more people. also believe the tax policies of our Gov- ernment should give more consideration to the special problems of the artist. An in- ventor who gets a patent for a material creation qualifies for capital gains treat- ment. Why should not an artist who obtains a copyright for the creation of the mind be offered the same privilege? And finally I believe we should make the John F. Kennedy Cultural Center to be built in Washington, a model organization for all the enlightened policies we want to pursue. A great deal of its cost?an expenditure of many millions of dollars?is in public funds. The Center should be dedicated to all the people of the country?not just the citizens of Washington, not just its wealthy patrons, but every adult and child whose life could be enriched by the arts. Its ticket policy should be flexible enough so that all can afford some of the productions. The Center should exert a creative impulse around the country. It should help worthy artists who need help. Its programs could well be car- ried on educational television, nationwide. In these ways, the Cultural Center would truly represent the spirit and desires of the man to whom it is dedicated. It is important that all theare efforts be made by our Government. We may make great strides in atomic energy, and space exploration, in automation, in biology and chemistry. But we will be dull and listless men, amid all these wonders if we do not also expand the human mind and spirit. Plato once said: "What is honored in a country will he cultivated there." That is What we want to do, for all our people. The Health Bill EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, it is but a tru- ism to state that everyone's most pre - cious possession is his health. The efforts of medical researchers and the results of their labor reflect this fact as clearly as anything. Too, the concern of the present administration and this Con- gress, as evidenced by the enactment and Implementation of the medical care act, is indicative of the crucial importance of physical and mental well-being. Recognizing the connection between what medical science and the Federal Government are doing about the Nation's health problems, the Baltimore News American has editorialized an unequivo- cal endorsement of the administration's accomplishments and future plans in this field. I am pleased to' second the News American's comments and to offer Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 A4660 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX August toiled property flOwing through the manu- facturing process and place a value on each piece. Tax laws recognize this as ridiculous by requiring that, in the case of inventories, the assessed value shall not be determined as of one particular assessment date (as in the case of all other kinds of property) but on the hasis of the average amount of in- ventories on hand during the year preceding the tax date. This means assessments based either on a negotiated settlement or on book accounts kept by the taxpayer. In either case, the assessor has not and cannot perform his statutory duty of assessing the fair value of property he never has seen. As a result, the property tax on inventories necessarily be- comes self ,assessing and tends? to vary from one taxpayer to the next, depending upon the competence, prudence, scruples, or negotiating ability of the particular taxpayer. Even more serious, this tax hits hardest at the very time the taxpayer is least able to bear the blow. In times of business reces- sion when sales and profits decline together, inventories naturally mount. In such times, the manufacturer has the unhappy choice of incurring heavy taxes on growing Inventories .or of slackening production by laying off workers. The tax thus tends to aggravate unemployment. These and other defects might be less serious if all manufacturers competing in the national market were subject to the same handicap. Many, however, are located in such States as New York, Massachusetts, or Pennsylvania which do not tax this kind of property. It is not surprising, therefore, that other States which do have this archaic tax give preferential treatment to manufacturers' in- ventories, either by the terms of the law or by administrative practice. Moreover, deter- mined efforts are constantly underway in many of these States to remove this restraint on their industries' competitive ability. Connecticut has not been alone in this re- spect. Among States which recently have changed their laws to alleviate this tax are New Jersey, where a preferential tax rate has been established, and Oregon, where the tax is being eliminated over a 5-year period. The Manufacturers Association of Con- necticut has long been engaged in the strug- gle to remove this handicap from manufac- turers of our State. At the 1963 session of the general assembly, MAC successfully in- duced the house to pass a bill to eliminate the tax over a 10-year period but met a tem- porary setback in the senate where senators from cities and larger towns refused to act Unless provision was made for restoring rev- enue loss to the towns. No statistics showing the amount of tax paid on inventories by Connecticut manufac- turers were available at that time. To fill this void, MAC suggested to Tax Commis- sioner John L. Sullivan that he ask the assessors of the 169 towns to furnish such data. This was done, giving the 1965 gen- eral assembly the advantage of a town-by- town breakdown showing the assessment of manufacturers' inventories on the grand list of 1963, and the amount of taxes paid on such inventories. This survey showed that, for the State as a whole, manufacturers paid $17.2 million in taxes on their inventories on the 1963 list. Armed with that information, leaders of both parties went to work on the problem in earnest. Following weeks of study, negotia- tion and compromise in which MAC was deeply engrossed, final terms of the bill were hammered out in the closing minutes of the 1965 session. Under the law, the local property tax on manufacturers' inventories will be eliminated gradually over a 10-year period, with provi- sions for the State to reimburse towns for revenue losses. The bill carries a price tag: a one-fourth of 1 Percent increase in the corporation business tax rate beginning with the years starting in 1966 (which MAC fought every step of the way in the firm belief that it is not needed).. Nevertheless, the price is not considered to be prohibitive. Manufacturers who have been paying the towns over $17 million a year in inventory taxes, also have paid the State about $29 million in corporation business taxes at the existing 5-percent rate. Thus, in the first year under the new law, manufacturers will pay about $1,425,000 in additional State taxes, but will save $1,700,000 in property taxes. In the second year, the real advantages begin as, while the corporation rate will re- main the same, savings in inventory taxes will double. In the third year, they will triple, etc., so that, by the end of the 10-year transition period (assuming inventories re- main near their present level) annual savings will total some $17 million. Details on how the new law will affect manufacturers and its provisions for reim- bursing towns or tax districts were given in the Legislative Digest Bulletin No. 17, sent to all MAC member companies June 11. Milestone in Immigration EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. BYRON G. ROGERS OF COLORADO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. ROGERS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, on January 13 of this year, President Johnson called on the Con- gress "to return the United States to an Immigration policy which both serves the national interest and continues our traditional ideals." On August 3 the Judiciary Committee of the House heeded that call and re- ported an immigration bill embodying the basic proposals suggested by the President. President Johnson called his action "a breakthrough for reason, a triumph for fair play." The following editorial from the August 16 Washington Evening Star echoes those sentiments, and under unanimous consent I reprint this incisive analysis in the RECORD at this time: [From the Washington Evening firer, Aug. 16, 19651 MILESTONE IN IMMIGRATION The approval by the House Judiciary Com- mittee of a new, liberal immigration bill signals the beginning of the end of a 40-year- old "national origins" quota system. Lack of time probably will prevent the measure from clearing both House and Senate before adjournment this year. But the reforms at least seem sure of enactment into law before another year passes. The old law reflected a racial and national- istic bias unworthy of America. It favored admission of northern Europeans at the ex- pense of all others. It fixed quotas rigidly based on the ethnic makeup of America back in 1920. Since it often discouraged im- migration Of skilled aliens, it failed to serve the national interest. All these things will be remedied in the new House measure, which would abolish the old quota system. In its place countries now having quotas would be treated equally. If one nation failed to fill its quota, as Eng- 19, 1965 /and has for years, the unused numbers could be transferred to other nations with a back- log of applicants. (Last year Greece, with a quota of 308, had a backlog of 98,385 persons seeking to enter America.) It is none too soon to abolish the old na- tional origins system. As Secretary of State Rusk testified, the United States now has "a rare opportunity to draw migrants of high intelligence and ability from abroad; and immigration, if well administered, can be one of our greatest national resources, a source of manpower and brainpower in a divided world." EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. ROBERT N. C. NIX OF PENNSYLVANIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. NIX. Mr. Speaker, President Johnson's leadership in the free world fight against communism has enlisted the support of many nations in striving to seek an honorable peace against Com- munist aggression in southeast Asia. I salute the President for his handling of this complex foreign policy question. Every American should be proud of Lyndon Johnson's leadership. He has repeatedly said that the United States seeks only peace in southeast Asia and indeed in the world. However, he will never sacrifice American honor and com- mitment in that effort. The Baltimore News American on August 11 praised the President, pointing out that he "has repeatedly held the door open for meaningful peace talks on the Vietnam war." I insert this editorial in the RECORD at this point: No TO NISRITIVIAH President Johnson is dead right in reject- ing the appeal by President Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana for cessation of all air strikes in North Vietnam while the African leader vis- its Hanoi in a bid to arrange peace talks on the Vietnam war. The President cabled Mr. Nkrumah that he could have a safe conduct for the visit and would have no need to fear any bombing of the Red Vietnam capital while he is there. Mr. Johnson, however, was wise in telling him that "the United States would welcome anything that President Nkrumah could do to end aggression." He asked Nkrumah to tell Hanoi that "our military resistance would end when the aggression ends." ib Our President has repeatedly held the door open for meaningful peace talks on the Viet- nam war. Not only have Ho Chi Minh and his friends shown no interest in them, but they have snarlingIy rebuked all American overtures to negotiate a war they continue to press on the peace-starved South Viet- nam people. We cannot slacken our bombardment of North Vietnam. The best way to get the Communists to the bargaining table is to batter them silly on the air and on the ground. The American people should not expect much from the Nkrumah visit. In Nkrumah, Ho is welcoming one of his own to Hanoi. Nkrumah and Ho speak the same brand of Commie language. Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX help business as much as it aready has helped the Reader's Digest?wile also help- ing the Post Office to cut down its huge deficit. That may not end the fight, however. The Associated Third Class Mail 'Users, a rn -Mess' organization, threatens a court fight against the Gronouski order if the Olsen bill should die, "The Department's procedure was illegal," contends Harry j. Maginnis, president of the 800-member group. "There were no hearings and no examiner's findings," Whatever the ultimate outcome, some postal officials fear the continuous contro- versy eventually could undermine public confidence in the ZIP code. PUTTING orr Z DAY Certainly many third class users, with a hopeful eye on the Olsen bill, have been put- ting off Z day. By one frequently quoted in- dustry estimate, U.S. bulk mailing lists con- tain 5 billion names, of which 4. billion re- maim to be ZIPped. The Direct Mail Adver- tming Association surveyed members owning lists of some 500 million names and turned up only half who said they would be com- pletely coded by January 1, 1967. Another 23 percent hoped to make it by 1968. But 10 percent contended the special nature of their lists makes it impossible to ZIP them. Many members of this association fear they Vsill face heavier costs no matter how the issue of Mr. Gronouski's deadline is finally settled. "The mailers fighting for More time before MP coding is required might even win their battle," says John J. Daly, Washington representat4e for the Direct Mail Advertising Assoefalon. "But they're sure to lose the war, because if ZIP code fails, Congress is going to slap bulk mailers with rate increases all the sooner." The Johnson administration is expected to take a whack at the Post Office operating - deficit, estimated at $730 million in the cur- rent fiscal year, by submitting across-the- board rate increases to Congress early in 1966. Of this year's red ink, some $717 Mil- lion is expected to flow from second and third class operations, though a $286 million sur- plus expected from first class and airmail revenues will offset some of it. Second class mail has the same priority as first class, but is intended principally for newspapers and periodicals. Third class, a slower service, is designed for book ship- ments, mall order solicitations and other categories not requiring speedy delivery. The two classes combined now account for nearly 40 percent of the 72 billion pieces of mail clogging the U.S. postal system annually, an avalanche the Department predicts will reach 100 billion pieces by 1980. As Mr. Grounouski sees it, the success of the ZIP code is vital to the prevention of a serious breakdown in the postal system. By the time his January 1, 1967, bulk mail dead- line becomes effective, he forecasts his De- partment will be moving "more than 50 per- cent of the Nation's entire mail volume from point of origin to point of destination with- out once unbagging it or resorting it," thanks to ZIPping. Eventually the ZIP system will prove "one of the biggest breakthroughs in postal history," Mr. Gronouski maintains, permitting the Post Office "to handle just about any volume of mail this Nation can generate." For all his enthusiasm over ZIP coding though, Mr. Gronouski hasn't convinced un- ions representing more than half the Depart- ment's 600,000 employes to withdraw their opposition. Officials of the 150,000-member 'United Federation of Postal Clerks have told Congress that even if Mr. ZIP doesn't cost a single clerk his Post Office paycheck?a Gronouski promise?thousands face reloca- tion to distant cities and in some instances, pay cuts. . One sign of the union's pique: Rejection of 100,000 stationery envelopes on which an unwitting printer automatically had included a ZIP number in the organiza- tion's return address. KNOW YOUR NUMBER? Post Office officials, for their part, maintain ZIP'eede acceptance among users of the mails Is ahead of acceptance of the old city zone numbers at the same point after introduc- tion. Nevertheless, a Department t survey earlier this year showed only 32 percent of first class mail contained ZIP codes in the return addresses, indicating only a minority of American letter writers yet know their own numbers. Even fewer, apparently, know the ZIP code numbers of the people they write to; the survey turned up ZIP-numbered destination addresses on less than 20 percent of first-class mail, and less than 23 percent of third-class mail. Among the approximately 300,000 U.S. vol- ume mailers, about 90 percent of which are third-class users, the problems of meeting Mr. Gronouski's ZIPping deadline, even when they concede it can be done, loom large, Jackson & Perkins Co., a national mail-order nursery sales firm headquartered in Newark, N.J., offers an example. The company's list of 1 million active cus- tomers can be ZIP coded and re-sorted to meet the bulk mail deadline, says Kenneth C. Tack, vice president. But the job may cost "three to five times" as much as adding the ZIP numbers gradually in the normal course of changing the addresses to keep them up to date, he says. An additional 3 million names important to the Jackson & Perkins' sales efforts are called from "dead" files of former customers and from old inquiries. These, says Mr. Tack, would require a $150,000 crash program to ZIP by the Gronouski deadline?a serious burden for a company with annual sales of $12 million. "BONFIRE." OF ROSES FEARED As for still another 2 million names Jack- son SE Perkins rents each year from other mail-order houses, Mr. Tack contends a num- ber will have to be "dumped" because they lack ZIP designations. This would shrink the company's potential market, he says, and could result in a "bonfire of surplus nursery stock, because we can't put roses on the shelf for an extra year or two." The Reader's Digest, however, is far from alone?at least among the Nation's biggest mail users?in finding ZIP coding potentially extremely helpful. Montgomery Ward & Co. may have hit on a way to use the ZIP sys- tem to realize huge savings in the costs of sending out the more than 54 million cata- logs mailed annually by mail-order retail houses. In an experiment now underway, Monty Ward is sending carloads of unlabeled cata- logs to eight selected Post Office ZIP- numbered sectional centers. The labels themselves, however, are sent directly to the individual post offices served by the centers. ''The local post office checks the addresses and notifies the sectional center how many of the catalogs actually are deliverable," explains A. D. Wilson, general traffic manager for Montgomery Ward. "This saves the cost of return postage on nixies (undeliverable catalogs)." It's still too early to measure Montgomery Ward's savings on the initial shipment of 150,000 of 1965 fall catalogs, which weigh close to 5 pounds each. But since "nixies" have accounted for up to 10 percent of aver- age shipments in the past, the dollar amount could prove impressive. "We've also found the new system is get- ting catalogs into the hands of customers days sooner," Mr. Wilson adds. "This could have a big impact on seasonal sales." A4659 State's Competitive Position Improved as General Assembly Acts To Remove Manufacturers' Inventory Taxes EXTENSION OF REMARKS oF, HON. BERNARD F. GRABOWSKI OF CONNECTICUT IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, July 27, 1965 Mr. GRABOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, Con- necticut recently moved to eliminate the inventory tax on materials and goods held by the. State's manufacturers. It is my feeling that this is one step toward and a good indication that Connecticut has one of the Nation's most progressive in- dustrial economies. Mr. Charles H. Schreyer, with the Manufacturers Association of Connecti- cut, has presented the implications which this tax held for Connecticut industries and what the prospects are for the future with the removal of this tax. His analy- sis appears in the August issue of Con- necticut Industry. With permission of the House granted I place this article in the RECORD at this point: STATE'S COMPETITIVE POSITION IMPROVED AS GENERAL ASSEMBLY ACTS To REMOVE MANU- FAC'TURERS' INVENTORY TAXES (By Charles H. Schreyer, attorney, Manufac- turers Association of Connecticut, Inc.) On July 7, Governor Dempsey signed a law which gradually, over a 10-year period, will give Connecticut manufacturers relief from the burdensome tax on their inventories. This may well mark the start of a new and fruitful era in the relationship between our State and the industries which are the chief support of its economy. It is a mile- stone on the road to a more complete and sympathetic understanding by the people's representatives of problems faced by industry in efforts to keep pace with the competitors In other States. It is a bipartisan demon- stration of the birth, in this State, of a sound economic and political climete upon which industry depends for continued growThthese are big wards but considered ones, supported by a close look at the inventory tax and ways in which it has tended to hinder manufacturers' competitive efforts. Connecticut industry is a nationwide, in- deed a worldwide enterprise which relies heavily upon the huge share of its market beyond the State's boundaries. Were those markets cut off suddenly, industry would quickly wither and instant economic disaster would result. The local property tax on manufacturers' inventories is a domestic impediment which handicaps the struggle to maintain and in- crease these markets. Inherited from the distant past when the State's economy was chiefly agricultural, it is entirely unsuited to an advanced industrial State. Today, the constant circulation of inventories through every phase of production from raw mate- rial to work in progress to finished goods is the lifeblood of Connecticut's economy. The property tax is necessarily based upon market value determined by local assessors. By and large, they do a good job in assessing real estate where guided by public records of sales of similar properties. They would be completely at a loss, however, if required to enter a plant, inspect the mass of inven- Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000300130009-6 August 19, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD? APPENDIX A4673 I had the opportunity on Wednesday, Au- gust 18, 1965, for a full discussion with Am- bassador Goldberg on the present problems facing the United Nations, including the financial and constitutional issues that are the subjects of current meetings in New York. After his detailed explanation of the back- ground and reasons, I personally believe that the policy outlined by Ambassador Goldberg at the United Nations on Monday is the best course open to the United States in the cir- cumstances as they now exist, Plainly Incorrect as to Louisiana EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. JOE D. WAGGONNER, JR. OF LOUISIANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. WAGGONNER. Mr. Speaker, the New Orleans Times-Picayune of August 10, published an editorial, "Plainly In- correct as to Louisiana," which pin- points as clearly and as concisely as it is possible to do the inequity and the in- iquity of the voting bill recently signed Into law. Specifically, this editorial shows the complete ridiculousness of Attorney General Katzenbach's drive to register illiterates and proves, if any proof is needed, that the purpose and intent of this vindictive bill was not to bring about the registration of qualified citizens, but to register the unqualified in the hope of harvesting their votes at election time. I commend this editorial to the atten- tion of all: PLAINLY INCORRECT AS TO LOUISIANA If Attorney General Nicholas Katzenbach, or the administration, is going to revive the practice of registering in Louisiana people who are unable to read or write, it should not be done under the masquerade of justice to Negro citizens. Mr. Katzenbach said Sunday Federal reg- istrars were going to register completely il- literate Negroes be cause the Southern States had been registering white illiterates, and that now the same standard must be applied. By constitutional amendment in 1960 reg- istration of illiterates was stopped in this State and so far as we know none has been registered since that time. Even before that, balloting by voting machine made the par- ticipation of illiterates impractical for elec- tions involving a long ballot. A residue of illiterates chti vote in Louisiana since those registered up to 1960 were not disfranchised. But even if Mr. Katzenbach wants to fall back on the situation in the 1950's, he could be forthright only by ad- mitting that more Negro illiterates than white were registered either as a percentage of the total population of each race or as a percentage of the registration of each. Ne- gro illiterates on the rolls as of May 1 this year were 12,921 or about 1.2 perecnt of the total Negro population. White illiterates numbering 20,235 were only about nine- tenths of 1 percent of the total white popu- lation. Negro illiterates enrolled were about 8 percent of the total 163,000 Negro registra- tion in the State. But white illiterates formed only about 2 percent of the white registration. By any percentage measure based on 1960 population (last official count) and 1965 registration, the Negro illiterates have the best of it. Mr. Katzenbach evidently is going to ap- ply the same rule everywhere Federal regis- erars are installed. But he should confess that he doesn't plan to place illiterates on roll in Louisiana because illiterate whites are being registered (which they are not) or because he wants to even up the illiterate registration practice as between whites and Negroes. Six Louisiana parishes have no illiterates whatever registered. Will the Government agents come to these parishes with an ap- peal saying in effect come one, come all, let's cheapen and debase the voting franchise by enrolling everybody, who can't read and write or be informed concerning the issues of the day? Whether they do or not, the Attorney General should be guided by the facts when he seeks to justify the kind of policy he has announced. Peace Corps Achievements EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI OF WISCONSIN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, August 16, 1965 Mr. ZABLOCKL Mr. Speaker, as I have in the past, I am once again pleased to share with my colleagues comments testifying to the effectiveness of the Peace Corps in various parts of the underdeveloped areas of the world. The first of these two statements is from Mr. Leslie Freestone, envoy, officer in charge of the Salvation Army head- quarters in Calcuta, India. It conevys his high tribute to Volunteers whom he and his staff have observed over the past few years. The second is a report of an address by Inche Mohamed Khir Johari, Minister of Education in Kuala Lampur, Malaya, in which he urges his own countrymen to emulate the spirit and dedication of Peace Corps volunteers. The comments follow: THE SALVATION ARMY, June 11,1965. SARGENT SHRIVER, Esq., Director, Peace Corps, Washington, D.C. DEAR MR. SHRIVER: During the last few years, we at this hostel, have seen ever in- creasing numbers of your young Peace Corps volunteers. (We are missionaries of the Sal- vation Army, whose present appointment is to run an economic priced hostel in this city), and whereas we have seen many of your folk from India, East Pakistan, West Pakistan, and from Nepal, we have, in addi- tion had a large number of terminated vol- unteers from the Phillippines, Malaya, Borneo, Thailand, Indonesia, Ethiopia, and Ghana (I'm quite sure that I have forgotten some, but the main thing I remember is that none of them travel the short way home on termination). However, the main reason for my writing this letter is to let you know what a grand crowd of young folk you have under your command. We have seen the equivalent vol- unteers from other nations pass through here, but none of them have had the same sense of purpose, or the same camaraderie, that we have seen in your folk. Again, when we see your people, they are relaxed and free of speech, and I am sure that you would be interested to know that even in their times of relaxation, they talk to one another, and to other folk, of their work (I, myself, am getting a second hand working knowledge of chicken rearing, egg producing, bridge building, public health work, and so on), they have made friends very easily with other folk who have passed through, our hostel, foreigners and Indians alike. Finally, I would like to say that of the 300 or 400 Peace Corps volunteers that we have seen, we have never seen a bad one. I am not American, but English, I neverthe- less say that this is the finest image of America that I have seen, the Peace Corps volunteers. I simply felt that I had to write to tell you this. God bless you. Sincerely, LESLIE FREESTONE, Envoy, Officer in Charge. INCOMING TELEGRAM?DEPARTMENT OF STATE All papers carried story of Minister of Education praise for Peace Corps. Straits Times July 22, under headline "Emulate the Peace Corps example, teachers told," stated "The Minister of Education, Inche Mohamed Khir Johari, today urged teachers to emu- late the sterling example set by U.S. Peace Corps members, and volunteer to stay for longer periods along the east coast." Ad- dressing the opening of the 4-day conference of the Federal Inspectorate of Schools, Inche Khir spoke of Peace Corps teachers coming all the way from their homes in the United States to teach Malaysian children in re- mote areas of Pahang, Kelantan, Trengganu, Sarawak and Sabah. He asked: "Shouldn't this be a challenge to our young men and women? The challenge is all the greater when they are asked to teach not foreign children, but our own children, who will grow U p to be citizens of Malaysia * * * I would ask teachers to emulate the sterling exam- ple set by the teachers who come to our country under the U.S. Peace Corps arrange- ments." He was making an appeal to the teachers for a "greater sense of dedication to their profession * * *." The Malayan Times elaborated his remarks: "These dedi- cated young men and women freely volunteer to come all the way from their homes in the United States thousands of miles away to serve our children in the remote areas * * * far away from civilization that they know In their own co Wh1VWe Back Out? EXTENSION OF REMARKS op HON. FRANK E. EVANS OF COLORADO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. EVANS of Colorado. Mr. Speaker, on August 19, 1965, the Colorado Springs Free Press carried a thought provoking editorial on Vietnam entitled "What If We Back Out?" This editorial discusses the implica- tions of the Vietnam war in terms of long-range results, and I commend it to my colleagues attention. Under leave to extend my remarks, I include the editorial: Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 Approved For Release 2003/10/14 : CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6 M674 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX August 19, 1965 [From the Colorado Springs Free Press, Aug. VT, 1965j Wate 1r WX BA= Our? 'The situation in which the United States finds itself in Vietnam is entirely unprece- dented in otir history. 'This is probably one of the reasons for the great controversy which is currently raging over our position in the country. Some have said that there Is no concrete proof that the United States is vitally threat- ened in this war as It Waff with Hitler in Europe orsthe Japanese in the Pacific. It would be well to remember that when Hitler and the Japanese started their rise to World conquest, they posed no immediate threat to the security and. sanctity of the United States. If their rise had been nipped at an early age when they did not control so much of the world, the history of the world may have been rewritten excluding World Wax II. This is the essence of the policy which our Government is DOW 10DOWing in Vietnam. We are trying to nip these wars of libera- tio'n and conquest in the bud before they can bloom into all-out nuelear destruction. Columnist Welter Lippmann believes there are' two main reasons we are staying in Viet- nate). The first is the fact we will not admit we made a mistake in entering the war 10 efern ago and we are now fighting to save alee. "The second reason is because we were in- Sited into the country by the Vietnamese OcIvernment. ? tappmenli wishes to know how long the United States can continue to play "police - mart" for places like Vietnam and the Donain- lean Republic. ? iliathotigh. I do not agree with Mr. Lipp- mum in his admonition to leave Vietnam, the objections he raises are valid and need to be answered. NO One knows how long we will continue in the role of world patrolman or how long It May be necessary for us to do so. although the comparison between Korea and Vietnam is not an exact analogy, there is some merit as to whether the defense of Korea actually stemmed the Communist tide In that area. The same question is being raked of Vietnam: If we do win, will this protide for the security of all of Asia? The answer tie this question is, in all probability: No, it will not. We cannot provide for the security of an entire continent by the defense of one eseinektry. Ho-Weyer, the other side of the question is far more valid. and vital to our national in- terests. If we leave Vietnam, what will hap- pen to Asia? Success is always fiallowed pp by the Com- munist countries as we have learned from their successes since World, War II. The same tactics will be tried again In other countries until these capitulate to communism. Defeat is not total. However, each small defeat the free world is able to inflict upon the Communists is helpful. It provides a pause in which the Communists review their tactics. Korea may not have been solely respon- sible for the security of the nations around her, but what would have happened had Korea fallen completely under Communist domination? We feel that only with limited force can we Meet the Communist challenge. A MU- dew War would be as disastrous to them as it would to us and they will avoid this if at all possible. However, should we easily give up Viet- nam, and each country which is so threat- ened in the future, the Communists may reach a point where they feel strong enough to risk a nuclear war. The question has been raised as to whether we should continue to spend lives and mil- lions of dollars in a country where the people themselves can't seem to decide what they want. The ,answer to this is yes. If the people can he informed through a free press with the threat of Communist terror removed fro& around them, they then may be able to decide intelligently what they want. There have been many times in the history of the United States when this Nation was torn and divided and the people could not decide what they wanted. Why should we now feel so superior and complacent toward a nation which has severe Internal dissensions? The real question is not what will happen if we stay in Vietnam. The real question is, What will the long-range results be if we withdraw !rem this torn country? Can we actually afford to withdraw from this war and risk future nuclear disaster? I do not believe this is right or fair to the next generation who may be the ones to face the results of a nuclear catastrophe. The Times-Picayune Points Out the Po- tential of the Saturn I?B EXTENSION OF REMARKS os. HON. F. EDWARD HEBERT LOLITSTANA IN IIIE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Thursday, August 19, 1965 Mr. IltBERT. Mr. Speaker, New Or- leans is indeed proud that within its city limits are now being built some of the most fantastic elements of the Nation's dynamic space program. The Saturn I-B boosters are now un- der production at the Michoud Opera- tions, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, in New Orleans. In an August 14 editorial, the Times-Picayune of New Orleans outlined the tremendous potential of these boosters, and under unanimous consent I am pleased to in- clude that editorial into the REcoan. I think it is also fitting to point out that this editorial is typical of the com- prehensive news and news interpretation coverage given to space development by the Times-Picayune. The paper has de- voted much attention to keeping its readers informed of the exciting develop- ments in space research and technology. Mr. Vincent Randazzo, a space writer specialist on the staff of the Times- Picayune, has done a superior job in keeping the Crescent City informed of progress in the space era. It is a pleasure, therefore, to recom- mend the following editorial from the Times-Pir-ay une : [From the New Orleans Times-Picayune, Aug. 14, 1965] SATURN 1-33 PAYLOAD Ceeecier Peoaresum The payload potentials of the Saturn /-13 boosters now under production at efichoud seems to have escaped general attention in discussions about space missions and the rocket assemblies assigned or assignable to carry them out. These and other factors are significant in connection with efforts under way, just corning to light, to intrude on, sup- plant or degrade the SI-B in the Apollo or other programa for which it is fitted. The first of the "new Saturns," or interme- diate Saturns, of the Chrysler Corporation's Space Division has reached Cape Kennedy for the initial lift-off In tests and flights that will lead to human exploration of the moon. Payload requirements vary of course for different objectives of this 12-shot series. Regardless of what is first put aloft, the I-B assembly is designed to send into desired orb- it 36,000 pounds of functional vehicle?not to mention the 30,000 pounds of a burned-out second-stage, should that lagniappe be added. This rating compares with the 26,000- pound payload Soviet spacemen boasted into orbit last July 16; with 21,000 pounds sent into orbit by the Titan 3-C June 18; with the rated 25,000-pound payload capacity of the Titan 8-C; with the 22,000-pound payload rating of the "old Saturns" with the 18,000 pounds of payload dispatched by an "old Saturn" a year or two ago; and with 4,000 pounds orbited by the Atlas. The confusion that sometimes attends space program comment was illustrated When at least one Washington dispatch stated, after the 26,000-pound Soviet launch- ing, that only the Saturn 6 could match the feat (ignoring the S-IB). lefichoud has vital interest also, of course, in the upcoming Saturn 5, whose missions differ from those of the I-B. Of course the low-orbit experiments and preliminaries are one thing. There are greater payload requirements for larger or- bits and for some outer space explorations. For these, new combinations and new types of rocket stages are planned or considered, such as a Centaur rocket for the Anal thrust from a Saturn I-B base. Assertedly this Saturn-Centaur could shoot 22,000 pounds for almost any kind of Martian probe, com- pared with the 450-pound Mariner. The first Voyager-Mars missions for Saturn- Centaur call, however, for not more than 8,000 pounds' payload. Then there is the "strap-on" rocket system for boosters. The Titan-80 uses, for ex- ample, two 120-inch-diameter strap-ons (solid fuel) to help get its great booster- thrust and 25,000-pound payload potential? Projections by Chrysler show that with four similar strap-ons, Saturn I-B could send 75,000 pounds' payload into low orbit; and, with a Centaur, 25,000 pounds or more to Mars. The momentum generated by the original Saturn firings has provided the space pro- gram an enormous asset. The 10-shot series not only achieved 100 percent perfection in functions, countdowns and launch timings, but produced the Nation's largest opera- tional rockets, as demonstrated by the three- shot Pegasus series?one which did not require exercise of full payload potential. Ingenuity in the various branches of produc- tion and in the apace agency brought suc- cessive upgradings of rocket thrust, culmi- nating in the I-B assembly?which, basically, is otherwise the same Saturn. It presumably is due to this performance that astronauts will be able to man the fourth spacecraft launched in the forthcom- ing series--in effect, the 14th scheduled firing of the Saturn. For various reasons, other types of rockets have had firings ranging from 45 to 92 prior to use in manned-flight expeditions. Time for Transfusion EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. RICHARD D. McCARTHY OF NEW YO:RX IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, July 20, 1965 Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, on March 12, 1965, Senator ROBERT F. KEN- NEDY and I requested the Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare, Anthony Approved For Release 2003/10/14: CIA-RDP67600446R000300130009-6