BUILD-UP IN VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300180002-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 5
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: May 19, 2005
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: July 21, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

July 21, 1965 Approved negiteRESSIMEMAICOMERDPAPiNENNISKO
Passenger Transport Describes Urban
Transport Research Plan
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Or
HON. HENRY S. REUSS
OP wiscoNsm
IN THE _HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
, Thursday, July 15, 1965
Mr. REUSS. Mr. Speaker, the July 16,
1965, edition of Passenger Transport car-
ries an article on legislation (H.R. 9200)
I have introduced to establish a 2-year,
$20 million federally supported research
program to achieve a technological
breakthrough in the development of new
urban transportation systems.
Ten other Members have joined as co-
sponsors: the gentleman from Ohio [Mr.
ASHLEY], the gentleman from Texas [Mr.
CABELL], the gentleman from New York
[Mr. FARBSTEIN], the gentleman from
Ohio [Mr. GILLIGAN], the gentleman from
New York [Mr. MULTER] the gentleman
from New York [Mr. ROSENTHAL], the
gentlewoman from Missouri [Mrs. SUL-
LIVAN], the gentleman from Ohio [Mr.
VAwixl, the gentleman from Georgia
[Mr. WELTNER], and the gentleman from
Illinois [Mr. YATES].
The article follows:
REPRESENTATIVE REUSS PROPOSES TRANSIT RE-
SEARCH BILL?URGES 2-YEAR $20 MILLION
PLAN FOR TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKTHROUGH
WASHINGTON.?A proposal to establish a
Federal research program designed to achieve
a "technological breakthrough" in the devel-
opment of new urban transportation systems
was presented recently by Representative
HENRY S. REUSS, of Wisconsin.
Representative REUSS' proposal was origin-
ally introduced as a bill?HR. 9200?on June
17, sponsored by Mr. Rauss and eight other
big-city Democratic Congressmen.
Upon introducing the bill, Representative
REUSS made a statement on the floor of the
House explaining the plan, which calls for
amending the 1964 Urban Mass Transporta-
tion Act to provide $10 million in fiscal 1966
and an additional $10 million in fiscal 1967
for conducting and providing for the pro-
posed "additional technological research" to-
ward betterment of transit.
H.R. 9200 subsequently was referred to the
Sub-committee on Housing of the House
Committee on Banking and Currency, since
the legislation would amend the 1964 transit
aid law. Representative REUSS told Passen-
ger Transport that the committee has re-
quested reports from the appropriate agen-
cies, and "until those reports are forthcom-
ing, it is doubtful that it will take any fur-
ther action."
In the meantime, however, when the Sub-
committee on Transportation and Aeronau-
tics of the House Committee on Interstate
and Foreign Commerce resumed hearings the
week of June 28 on Rm. 5863?the northeast
corridor high-speed ground rail transporta-
tion bill?Congressman REUSS offered an
amendment incorporating the intent of H.R.
9200. He made a statement before the Sub-
committee on June 29.
The amendment, in effect, said that any
research program undertaken by the Secre-
tary of Commerce pursuant to H.R. 5863
should be devoted to the problems of intra-
city transport as well as to intercity trans-
port. It further stipulated that funds ap-
propriated for this research should be di-
vided equally between the two.
H.R. 9200 proposes amending the 1964 Ur-
ban Mass Transportation Act so as to in-
dude: "In addition to projects undertaken
under subsection (a) the (HEM) Adminis-
trator!' shall undertake a program of research
designed to achieve a technological break-
through in the development of new kinds of
public intraurban transportation systems
which can transport persons in metropolitan
areas from place to place within such areas
quickly, safely, and economically, without
polluting the air, and in such a way as to
meet the real needs of the people and at the
same time contribute to good city planning.
There is authorized to be appropriated for
the purposes of this subsection (c) $10 Mil-
lion for the fiscal year 1966, and $10 million
for the fiscal year 1967. Any amount so ap-
propriated shall remain available until ex-
pended; and any amount authorized but not
appropriated for any fiscal year may be ap-
propriated for any succeeding year."
III-Advised Partisanship
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CHARLES E. GOODELL
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 21, 1965
Mr. GOODELL. Mr. Speaker, I com-
mend to the attention of my colleagues
the following editorial from the Cincin-
nati Enquirer:
[From the Cincinnati Enquirer, July 20,
1965]
ILL-ADVISED PARTISANSHIP
At a time when he is depending more and
more upon Republicans for support of his
foreign policy, President Johnson, it seems
to us, could not afford the unbecomingly
partisan tone that dominated his declara-
tion rejoicing over the passage of the voting
rights bill in the House.
Mr. Johnson combined his congratulatory
words with a condemnation of the House Re-
publican leadership, which had submitted an
alternative voting rights bill. This Repub-
lican measure, the President contended,
"would have seriously damaged and diluted
the guarantee of the right to vote for all
Americans"?an assertion that is subject to
serious challenge.
But Mr. Johnson went on to hail the final
House approval of the administration bill as
"a victory for the American Negro and the
Democratic Party."
The implication is that the vote went
strictly along party lines. The truth of the
matter is that congressional Republicans
have consistently given the administration
better support on civil rights legislation than
congressional Democrats, indeed, the admin-
istration's voting rights bill was even drafted
in the office of Senator EVERETT M. DIRKSEN,
the Republican Senate leader, who was one of
its most effective champions while it was un-
der debate in the Senate.
Republicans were just as conspicuous in
their support of the Civil Rights Act while
It was under congressional consideration a
year ago. Indeed, its principal architect was
Ohio's Representative WILLIAM MCCULLOCH,
a Republican, who now finds himself chas-
tised by the White House for having sug-
gested a substitute for the President's vot-
ing rights bill.
If Mr. Johnson really regards civil rights
progress as a national obligation, he should
spare no effort to keep it out of the partisan
realm. His failure to do so in this instance
not only flies in the face of the facts but
weakens a civil rights coalition whose vital-
ity it is important to maintain.
00
Buil
riarn
3953'
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. MELVIN R. LAIRD
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 21, 1965
Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, I was
pleased to read in this morning's New
York Times an editorial which shared
the concern the gentleman from Michi-
gan [Mr. Folio] and I have expressed for
the past few weeks over the possibility of
a large-scale ground war in the jungles
of Vietnam.
The editorial quite correctly pointed
out:
To send large numbers of American troops
into the jungles to compete with the Viet-
cong in guerrilla combat would surely mean
heavy losses, with doubtful prospect of dis-
couragement to the enemy. A more promis-
ing strategy?and one more likely to hold
down the toll in American lives?is that of
utilizing overwhelming superiority in air and
seapower to retain defensible areas along
the coast.
The editorial went on to say:
Herein, of course, lies another danger,
probably the most serious of all. As the
American land force commitment in Viet-
nam increases, so does the likelihood of Com-
munist military pressure in one or another
part of the world where the United States is
equally committed?and with better reason.
If the United States does become enmeshed
in this major land war in southeast Asia, the
temptation is obvious to Communist China
to exert pressure in Korea, and to the Soviet
Union to do the same in Berlin?two tinder-
box -reas where the American commitment
is even deeper than in Vietnam, and the
American interest more vital.
. Mr. Speaker, so that my colleagues who
may have missed this highly significant
editorial in the New York Times may
ha0?an opportunity to digest its con-
tents, under unanimous consent, I ask
that the editorial, entitled, "Build-Up in
Vietnam," be placed in the RECORD at
this point.
The editorial referred to follows:
[From the New York Times, July 21, 19651
BUILD-UP IN VIETNAM
The most recent visit of Secretary of De-
fense McNamara and Ambassador-designate
Lodge to Vietnam has come at a time when
the Vietnamese war appears to be escalating
to the proportions of a different and more
sinister Korea. It comes, too, after both
President Johnson and Mr. McNamara have
warned the Nation that the limited reserve
call-up, extension of enlistments, and in-
creased draft calls might be necessary.
Plainly, the visit marks the failure of one
policy and the substitution of another. Un-
til now, the policy the United States has
been following in Vietnam was based upon
a plan evolved by Gen. Maxwell Taylor, who,
when he was chairman of the Joint Chiefs
of Staff, vigorously opposed large commit-
ment of American combat units to the Asiatic
continent.
It is now clear that President Johnson is
formulating a Vietnamese policy geared to
the concept of committing increasing num-
bers of ground troops to offensive operations
against the Vietcong ?in the south and to
severing the Vietcong supply lines to the
north. Public thinking is being prepared for
a build-up of American military strength
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A3954 Approved Forftiggleag@CACid4RatlitP-6711fittilBlit0300180002-R4 uly 21, 1965
in Vietnam to something in the neighbor-
hood of 200,000 men, and there is no certain-
ty that even that will prove enough.
Escalation has its own perverse logic; the
less effective it proves, the more insistent
become the demands to do more and more.
This is among the greatest of the dangers
against which the United States must guard
as it starts down an increasingly perilous
path in Asia. The bombing of Communist
supply lines in North Vietnam has obviously
failed to destroy the combat capabilities of
the Vietcong?so now demands are heard for
bombing Hanoi and Haiphong and thus vast-
ly increasing the threat of direct interven-
tion by Peiping and Moscow.
It is obviously futile to bemoan the past
miscalculations that have contributed to
making the present options so somber; the
imtnediate problem is to make sure that new
investment In men and, materiel is made on
terms that offer maximum hope for effective-
ness at minimum cost in casualties and
minimum risk of extending the war.
To send large numbers of American troops
into the jungles to compete with the Viet-
cong in guerrilla combat would surely mean
heavy losses, with doubtful prospect of dis-
couragement to the enemy. A. more promis-
ing strategy?and one more likely to hold
down the toll in American lives?is that of
utilizing overwhelming superiority in air and
sea power to retain defensible areas along the
coast.
The shakiness of the Government of Sai-
gon and the terrible strain the long- conflict
has put upon the Vietnamese people com-
plicate the difficulties; but they make even
more urgent the broad endeavor this country
has initiated to develop programs for raising
economic standards in Vietnam and south-
east Asia.
In the United States, now facing?as in
the Berlin crisis?a limited mobilization,
there must be immediate attention by Con-
gress and the Pentagon to the serious per-
sonnel and materiel deficiencies, not only of
the regular services but also of the National
Guard and Reserves. The combat effective-
ness and readiness of the Armed Forces and
their reserves have been impaired for many
reasons, including long overstrain and
stretching available forces too thinly to cover
too many commitments.
Herein, of course, lies another danger, prob-
ably the most serious of all. As the.Ameri:
can land force commitment in Vietnam in-
creases, so does the likelihood of Communist
military pressure in one or another part of
the world where the United States is equally
committed?and with better reason. If the
United States does become enmeshed in this
major land war in southeast Asia, the temp-
tation is obvious to Communist China to
exert pressure in Korea, and to the Soviet
Union to do the same in Berlin---two tinder-
box areas where the American commitment
is even deeper than in Vietnam, and the
American interest more vital.
The Big Thicket
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. CLARK W. 'THOMPSON
OF TIMM
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, July 21,1965
Mr. THOMPSON of Texas. Mr.
Speaker, there follows a letter from a
constituent of mine who requested that
her ideas on the Big Thicket be called
to the attention of the House of Repre-
sentatives:
LA MARQD/C, Txx.,
July 6, 1965.
MI. CLARK W. THOMPSON,
House of Representatives,
Austin Tex.
am- Sat: I am writing you and the en-
tire House of Representatives about a prob-
lem that concerns many human lives, "the
Big Thicket."
People are walking in there every day and
are never seen again. Every day I read where
they are draining out sand pits where one
child drowned, or convicting a man who
raped one small girl. This isn't a sandpit
or a madman. This is much worse than
either.
Have you any idea of the bodies that would
be found in that overgrowth? Of the people
who starved, were attacked by wild animals
while lost, or perhaps even murdered in
those woods. Have you thought of the
families of those who disappeared into that
trap?and that is what it is.
It may be a tourist attraction, but it is
also a tourist trap. 11 the State of Texas
needs tourist attractions that bad, let them
build another "Six Flags." But for the sake
of every man, woman, and child who travel
the roads through that trap, please ask for
something to be done, besides putting up
signs. Signs do no good.
I would sincerely appreciate it if you could
possibly in some way have this letter or my
ideas shown or told to the entire House, in
fact, I dare you.
Sincerely yours,
MCS. DAVID J. SMITH.
Federal Cigarette Labeling and
Advertising Act
SPEECH
OF
HON. EDWARD R. ROYBAL
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, July 13, 1965
The House had under consideration the
conference report on the bill (S. 559) to reg-
ulate the labeling of cigarettes, and for other
purposes.
Mr. ROYBAL. Mr. Speaker, I rise to
oppose the adoption of the conference
report on S. 559, the Federal Cigarette
Labeling and Advertising Act, because I
believe it is an ineffective approach to a
most serious problem, and because I feel
It will serve to prevent any other effective
approach from being pursued either at
the Federal, State, or local level.
More than 18 months ago, the Surgeon
General of the United States and his
Advisory Committee on Smoking and
Health unanimously concluded that
"Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of
sufficient importance in the Unitcd
States to warrant appropriate remedial
action."
From this unanimous conclusion, that
a serious health hazard is posed by cig-
arette smoking, arises the responsibility
of Congress to take prompt and effective
action to warn the American people of
the dangers involved.
The health hazard primarily involves
two groups: adults who have already
acquired the habit of smoking and now
find it extremely difficult to withdraw,
and our young people who have not yet
succumbed to the habit and ,who thus
may be more easily deterred from taking
it up in the first place.
However, Statistics show that more
than 4,000 young men and women in the
United States start smoking every day--
so this is the group in which we are
vitally concerned, and which offers the
greatest potential for success.
As background for consideration of the
legislation before us, it should be noted
that the Federal Trade Commission, pur-
suant to its statutory responsibility to
protect the interests of America's con-
suming public, and acting in light of the
clear weight of medical evidence and
judgment, has issued regulations requir-
ing smoking health hazard warnings on
cigarette labels as well as in cigarette
advertising.
Both the labeling and advertising
warnings were set to take effect on July
1, 1965, but have been held up, in orde::
that Congress would have an opportunity
to review the entire question and take
appropriate legislative action.
However, the conference report we are
considering today requires only that,
after January 1, 1966, cigarette packages
will bear the rather innocuous and rela -
tively inconspicuous warning: "Caution:
Cigarette smoking may be hazardous to
your health."
But spokesmen from the cigarette in-
dustry itself have admitted that a pack-
age warning would have little or no effect
on the rate of consumption, and one ad-
vertising agency executive was even
quoted as commenting, "The first thing
you learn about labels in this business,
Is that people do not read them."
And I doubt if many Members here ac-
tually expect this label warning to hays
much real effect, particularly since it
would be aimed at those who are already
"hooked" by the cigarette habit.
As to cigarette Advertising, the confer-
ence report provides that "no statement
relating to smoking and health shall be
required in the advertising of any ciga-
rettes" prior to July 1, 1969-4 years
from now.
In other words, the conference report
which we are being asked to approve to
not only does not deal with the
much more important question of a
warning in advertising, it revokes the
current order of the Federal Trade Com-
mission requiring such a health hazard
warning, and divests the FTC of its law-
ful function to protect the American con-
sumer for 4 years, by flatly prohibiting
it from requiring cigarette advertisers
to refer to the well-established relation-
ship between smoking and health.
Inherent, also, in this FTC prohibition
is a clear and present threat to the in-
tegrity and independence of every Fed-
eral regulatory agency with the courage
to attempt to fulfill its statutory obliga--
tions, without fear or favor, but with
the public interest as its guiding
principle.
In short, the conference report comes
close to being a piece of special interest
legislation, designed to protect?not the
Public health?but rather the economic
health of the cigarette industry, by
singling it out for special treatment by
exempting this one particular industry
from the supervisory jurisdiction of the
appropriate regulatory authority.
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17074
Approved For eaUf&SIM :WiSP6mAtihrA00300180002401 21, 1965
ever. It Is possible, or course, that the pro-
treated and unrewarding stand-still in the
Dominican Republic may be *tided through
the tumuli' of a providonal government fol-
lowed by general elections under OAS super-
vision. Slut at best, this will be only a Bret
Map in a long and cLUTicult road ahead.
-Jame' Berints.
THE FtOLZ OF AMER/CAN BITSTNESS
114 ouARANTERING 'MULL 1131-
PLoYstZirr OPPORTUNITIES-1M-
CERPTS FROM REISARICHBY VICE
PRESIDENT HUMPHREY
Mr. McNAMARA. Mr. President, the
important rok?indeed the vital role?
that American business Piers In the
guarantee of equal emPlaiment, oPPor-
tunitiss has again been emphasized by
Vine Prsaklent litriaar
The Vice Preeldent, made his remarks
at the opening of the "Pair Znzployment
Is Good Business" exhibit at the Depart-
ment of Commerce.
I ask nnanimoutt eonsedt that eicerPtc
from We Prodder:it 710140/sarea re-
marks be Printed in tholl000ha
There Wing no abjection, the areorPre
were ordered to be printed ta the Racceie,
as follows:
Tics:yrs de w.latsnss irr Van )1issomorr
Woken iroisrassv Orearnip fer Tat tie-
reirnmorr Sr Connotatt ?aft ponds-
sum Ii Gabe Vole Swim Wain-
I am dellelited at this... * *Isis the
equal employment olajortunity mhibit, acid
to pay tMti- Ito to theliqual Itegloyment Op-
portunity Oomonlaston. lly Climate so Soya.
tary Connor and the SeparMcnt of Oen-
rneroe for snaking this acacia" poielble.
A lot has been hem smitten and mid abeatt
the unonneat task that Cibieninest aloosiccit
and the other Cliansitimioners win prawns.
It is a challeoging job_ and they win Mild se
the help we con gtve tholn.
Ay "Wir I Main au et in this custe#7_ ?
There is oft KWh thing set. "e Nigro 'me-
lon" or -use await; greup probleall." Ifs
nay* an asnalina&Prublerm sad an 4talekans
are working rinds. to hap mi.* It.
That is Mir, OCKEOW,
ticularly pleased to bear you
bodiless of Americas bustuel
It hem bale my maiden*
nese community Is ms
volunteer its 11.101trelle to
of national comma. W
calmly, for instance, to
titer youth employme.nt program.
be Ptsei
voluntary step" toward the
baiance-cd-paymente*
W. have also seed It
opperninny. a
of the plans-for-
Praneleco,
with the highest rate%
?
have also provided
field of ZOOM
I was also
mortar, D.C.; ?
USE OP OPTOInTRISTS UNDER
lidEDI.CARB
Mr. WIL AN fr of New exsey. mr?
President. I was delighted that the medi-
care bill recentIr Palled by the Senate
made provieton for the use of oaf:Metric
serviette. Opiontetriets have long since
established themselves as trained And
skilled Pry:M*0101mb in eye care. More
than 70 percent of Americans who wear
glasses rely on the services of the op-
tometric profession. Let me eenphiselze
that optometrlias are not merely me-
chanical lens grtudert. but educated,
dedicated paticstional men. I think the
so-called freedom of choice amendment
allowing a reciplant of medicare benefits
to choose either an ophthalmologist or
an optometrist was ? wise proviso, and
gave long-overdue recognition to the op-
tome tric prof
I was particularly concerned that OP-
teinstrio services would be available to
? otaidren given medical care under me-
-dal protect grants for the low-Mame
ethildren oohed and pregebod age.
Therefore. I Wade to, Secretary Cele-
booze repenting* that this point be clari-
fied. In rue reply to nis Secretary Cele-
brates mid:
II ono novae that projects oust be Men-
? preleinstes to asaure. This would itertittely
include eye care. There is no don** abet the
reciplenta Of grants under maim an of
title V 'Wild nave stailtority to include the
serslesi ageogiWgista in providing eye
obee.
And it would gad certain that a pot
Isaac prouder a gthettatid alitiorter. elf the
II' esszniestleile of obildren would be made
by optometrist&
ara oariabs hi nesitiost this statement
41moratars Osiehreseee is resognistug the
dose *dent of Oangraik and I aft de-
lighted that children will benedt tram
the hotline skills of the Modern miaow
testa It has too often been stattkolly
deraenstrated that the maim that
*Abney must Mid l became Johan,
amid me. g
tiniteire alreads
linterY bade in
Sitoclated With
activiktac petneefiblere hilt. =
epteseetric mu
to POW aftildrielz Ia wzazjotaett-
seat that aleseatorg be
included In the Ramo& ,
There being no ohisction. the letter
woo ordered to be Printed In the Hamm
as follows:
Tem ihemomiar or ifieurn.
Ityproarroat. area Wearaite.
441,141Sif /041015.,
ituaets.Ar.?
to boar you
refer to the need le ed and train-
ing programs as a peat of eQfastployment.
Not only must we ear equal job 0OPortu-
nitiss, but we mint be sure that an Americana
have the chance to build a better life through
equal opporthnity for edulealion and train-
ing. This is another great-area where labor,
business, and Government wort together for
the benefit oif an.
Ignore the anent aoc ents of ocelot-
The headlines that um news of unrest
leas ecatnnmitielt, companies' . nioiia. and
schoota The iteeomplishMentit of the poet
give um optiminn that we WM do still more
in the future. flair employment Is good busi-
ness because It la good EIMM.
ssna language appiteable to all
tag ?C.
Mae Wray/mac This is is. re-
use to Suer of 'July t regardingregardinging
prottoom it* 1101 misong to the
um et cgtometriala. ,
The ,liessetition or optometrists nes very
seebetcatially eitvariaeg by arerislee 111.8
neule-piPallied bin which requires lest widow
env new insidical amislanoe programa If a
AMMO DeoVidlea elleMemess the Individual *all
bon tree stales linemen baying an essani.
nation ands
by .a *Mena lethal Le the
dielleme Ed the *es ar by Ilia optometrist.
The Smaia Wars panne, oe
adopted ge
titles of the Social Security Act which Would
accomplish the same bison in, felatiOn to
any eervices that optordetribte art Winged to
render. What action the oonference corn-
"Mites will take on this amendment T. or
mama bonnet forseeet hat Uwe S fee
ference in the Senate and Souse-maid bills
In the provision of the Mattlad asidsta,oce
programs relating to the Teili of optometrist..
The section Me releadLn ntal arid
ii an of isill relent
emote for tow-income
preschool age, a* itYti te. doel d? Titer
explicitly to either eye oweor to opto cie-
Wats. It does require that projects an* be
comPrenensive in nature. This IrOted cer-
tainly include eye care. There is pp doubt
that the recipients of grants mai emotion
1102 of title V would have authority to in-
clude the services of optometrist' M proud-
Lag eye cars. And, it would sena ositan
that a great Many. probably subsoususi
ineleritY, the eye eelinolpittions of efitrotia
would be trade by optometrist&
filocerely.
CO
TIM PROBLEM OP VII'ENAtt,
Mr. WO= Mr. President, lam meta
*monied by the statement at at Amer-
ican oldie's and university proteemia.
Dentinal scientists and othersalto bleb
Mine forth In the past few
they put It ''dlapel the no
mall but satire and aka
teashem and students speak for the en-
tire academie sorantualti on the Prob-
lem of Vietnam."
As one isbo has spent his edam of
time in chi academic hells. I WOW Amok
In April, asking for add Stu-
dents who agreed with out' Prealdant
and with our Government
earoe forth and oddritstL
that the, maks a into dialog silt et
tha so-called camps debate ever:. ,the
alum of stars In southeast Alta. 'This
-group of et Americans has. Many
ethers have dame likewtie.
These di/Umatilla- deadimiles 'have
Made It deer in their ,stadesmit at Mo-
. port. that. they do strongly dodo Made,
sod "a polities! sittlitamitt at 'UM 'war
esideveel through negotiation sating
ti-
- aesarible vertien" And they MAIM it
eltlinahely -dear that thertInglibilleve
the President of the thillied Meese /Id*
sham thisdates.Milogietioldbr, this mow .has taken
. into eeennet. however; the lidded ban-
tor of site:natives facing the Vatted
Nadas slant it' was canfronteit WI& the
sheep. escalation cif Harlan Eggraidon
against Booth Vietnam. They have
abated thdr belief that Prosiddit,
John-
son and his advisers have Chdlitilli wisely
Iron agaling the chokes pr-4d them..
And thew have reketed what they cell
the `Istaseve political deathly!! Etat the
President of the United elates bee 00-
;gal .obligatione to the ,amdegalo -
LIZNO. ask unanimous corerant Oat
their document, of survort. with MOW
and eddreasea be printed, hi
along with an editorial
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were ordered to be printed
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July 21, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE 17075
A STATEMENT IN SUPPORT OF U.S. POLICY IN
VIETNAM BY POLITICAL SCIENTISTS AND
OTHERS
To dispel the notion that any small but
active and vocal groups of teachers and stu-
dents speaks for the entire academic com-
munity on the problem of Vietnam, we the
undersigned feel it necessary to make clear
our support for the policies of President
Johnson. We do not believe the U.S. policy
in Vietnam has been free from errors, but its
infallability is not at issue. At issue are its
relevance, realism, and morality. We believe
U.S. policy in Vietnam is consistent with
the realities of the situation, the goals of
American foreign policy, and the peace and
freedom of South Vietnam.
We strongly desire peace in Vietnam and a
political settlement of the war achieved
through negotiation among responsible par-
ties. We regret the involvement of Ameri-
can troops in a foreign war. We believe the
President shares these commitments and re-
grets. We believe in the good faith of his
reiterated desire to seek a political settle-
ment of this war through negotiation, any
time, anywhere, with any responsible par-
ties.
We ardently support social, political and
economic reform in Vietnam and elsewhere,
and welcome all efforts to achieve representa-
tive institutions, economic opportunity, per-
sonal freedom and a higher standard of living
for all. We believe that the present Demo-
cratic administration has made clear its
dedication to progress in Vietnam by its very
substantial development program and its
promise of massive assistance when the ces-
sation of hostilities makes possible full con-
centration of the Vietnamese people on the
job of development.
We believe that wax is a gruesome travesty
on civilized decisionmaking and that the
war in Vietnam is a hideous burden on the
people of that nation. However, we also
know?for this is a matter of evidence, not
of opinion?that the war in South Vietnam
resulted not from a spontaneous outburst
of popular unrest, not from American in-
vasion, but from the deliberate exportation
by Hanoi of waves of troops trained in the
tactics of terrorism and guerrilla warfare.
Aggression from the north is not merely a
cliche in a propaganda war; it is combat-
ready soldiers, trained and equipped- by
Hanoi, armed with modern weapons, and
Mao's strategy for the subjection of a peas-
ant population. We regard it as exceedingly
significant that no major population group
in South Vietnam supports, or has supported,
the Vietcong.
Confronted with the sharp escalation of
Hanoi's aggression against South Vietnam,
the U.S, Government had available a limited
number of alternatives:
The United States might have sued for
peace and met Hanoi's reiterated demand for
withdrawal of all American support to South
Vietnam. It would thereby have permitted
'South Vietnam to be integrated into the
totalitarian leviathan to the north, and
have abandoned tens of thousands of South
Vietnamese who have resisted totalitarian
expansion to liquidation as enemies of a
new Communist ruling class.
The United States might have done noth-
ing, and permitted its own forces and those
of South Vietnam to be defeated by Hanoi's
enlarged forces. This course would have
added humiliation to withdrawal, would have
enhanced the "paper tiger" image of the
United States, as well as have consigned
South Vietnam to totalitarianism.
The United States might have launched an
all-out war against North Vietnam and de-
stroyed that nation's cities and industrial
capacity utterly and precipitously.
The United States might have begun a
restrained increase of its militiary effort, de-
signed to escalate the price of aggression and
enhance the incentives for peaceful settle-
ment.
Among the unsatisfactory and limiting
choices available, we believe the President
chose wisely. We support his continued
efforts to find a political settlement that will
achieve peace and freedom for South Viet-
nam.
Finally, we reject the bizarre political doc-
trine that President Johnson or his principal
advisers have special obligations to the
academic community. Obviously, the ad-
ministration has obligations to explain its
policies to the American people. But to sug-
gest that some group of university professors
has a right to a special accounting is as
outrageous as to suggest that the corpora-
tion executives of America, the plumbers,
the small businessmen, or the barbers have
special claims on the Government and its
principal spokesmen. It is a fundamental
principle of democracy that all categories of
citizens are equal under law, and that neither
wealth, nor class, nor expertise entitles a
citizen to preferred treatment by his Gov-
ernment.
Ulrich S. Allers, Georgetown University,
Washington, D.C.,; Dean Stephen
Bailey, Maxwell School of Citizenship,
Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y.;
Comer Clay, Texas Christian Univer-
sity, Fort Worth, Tex.; Joseph Cooper,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.;
George Demetrious, Director, Institute
for the Comparative Study of Political
Systems, Washington, D.C.; Martin
Diamond, Department of Political
Science, Claremont Men's College,
Claremont, Calif.; Eleanor Lansing
Dulles, Georgetown University, Wash-
ington, D.C.; Valerie A. Earle, George-
town University, Washington, D.C.;
John T. Everett, Jr., Texas Christian
University, Fort Worth, Tex.; Mark F.
Ferber, Assistant Professor, Eagleton
Institute of Politics, Rutgers?The
State University, New Brunswick, N.J.;
Victor C. Ferkiss, Georgetown Univer-
sity, Washington, D.C.; Richard M.
Fontera, Department of Political
Science, Douglass College, New Bruns-
wick, N.J.; Robert W. Fostor, Prof es-
sor of Law, University of South Caro-
lina, Columbia, S.C.; Carl Friedrich,
Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass.;
Wayne E. Fuller, Professor of History,
Texas Western College, El Paso, Tex.;
Stephen P. Gibert, Georgetown Uni-
versity, Washington, D.C.; Walter I.
Giles, Georgetown University, Wash-
ington, D.C.; Joseph B. Graus, Depart-
ment of Government, Texas Western
College, El Paso, Tex.; Richard Greer,
Executive Director, Operations &
Policy Research, Inc., 4000 Albermarle
Street, NW., Washington, D.C.; Ernest
S. Griffith, Dean of the School of In-
ternational Service, American Univer-
sity, Washington, D.C.
George D. Haimbugh, Jr. Associate Pro-
fessor of Law, University of South Car-
olina, Columbia, S.C.; Morton H. Hal-
perin, Harvard University, Cambridge,
Mass.; John F. Haltom, Texas Christian
University, Fort Worth, Tex.; Donald
43. Herzberg, Professor of Political
Science, Director of the Eagleton Insti-
tare of Politics, Rutgers?the State
University, New Brunswick,- NZ;
Samuel Huntington, Harvard Univer-
sity, Cambridge, Mass.; Jan Kenai,
Georgetown University, Washington,
D.C.; Jeane J. Kirkpatrick, Trinity Col-
lege, Washington, D.C.; James E. Lar-
son, professor of Political Science, Uni-
versity of South Carolina, Columbia,
S.C.; J. R. Leguey-Feilleux, Georgetown
University, Washington, D.C.; Karl H.
Lerny, Georgetown University, Wash-
ington, D.C.; Michael F. M. Lindsay,
Professor, Far Eastern Studies, Amer-
ican University, Washington, D.C.;
Benjamin E. Lippincott, Professor of
Political Science, University of Min-
nesota, Minneapolis, Minn.; Seymour
Martin Lipset, Professor, Political Sci-
ence, University of California, Berkeley,
Calif.; George A. Lipsky, Professor,
Political Science and Geography, Wa-
bash College, Crawfordsville, Ind.;
Kurt L. London, Professor, Interna-
tional Affairs, Director, Institute for
Sino-Soviet Studies, George Washing-
ton University, Washington, D.C.;
Charles Burton Marshall, Washington
Center of Foreign Policy Research,
Washington, D.C.; Neil A. McDonald,
Professor, Political Science, Douglass
College, New Brunswick, N.J.; John H.
McDonough, Georgetown University,
Washington, D.C.; Franz Michael, Pro-
fessor, International Affairs, Associate
Director, Institute for Sino-Soviet
Studies, George Washington University,
Washington, D.C.
Warren Miller, University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Mich.; S. D. Myres, Pro-
fessor, Department of Government,
Texas Western College, El Paso, Tex.;
William V. O'Brien, Georgetown Uni-
versity, Washington, D.C.; George R.
Osborne, Department of Political
Science, Douglass College, New Bruns-
wick, N.J.; Robert E. Osgood, School
of Advanced International Studies of
The Johns Hopkins University, Wash-
ington, D.C.; Roland I. Perusse, As-
sociate Professor of Government, Texas
Western College, El Paso, Tex.; Charles
W. Procter, Texas Christian University,
Fort Worth, Tex.; Lucian W. Pye, Pro-
fessor, Political Science, Massachusetts
Institute of Technology, Cambridge,
Mass.; George H. Quester, Harvard
University, Cambridge, Mass.; Charles
H. Randall, Jr., Professor of Law. Uni-
versity of South Carolina, Columbia,
S.C.; Emmette Redford, University of
Texas, Austin, Tex.; Warren A. Roberts,
Professor, Political Science and Eco-
nomics, Wabash College, Crawfords-
ville, Ind.; A. A. Rommer, Georgetown
University, Washington, D.C.; Harold
W. Rood, Department of Political
Science, Claremont Men's College,
Claremont, Calif.; Paul Seabury, Uni-
versity of California, Berkeley, Calif.;
Joseph S. Sebes, &T., Georgetown Uni-
versity, Washington, D.C.; Warren
Shearer, Professor of Economics, Wa-
bash College, Crawfordsville, Ind.;
August 0. Spain, Texas Christian Uni-
versity, Fort Worth, Tex.; Melvin P.
'Straus, Associate Professor of Govern-
ment, Texas Western College, El Paso,
Tex.
Susan Tallman, Political Analyst, Opera-
tions & Policy Research, Inc., 4000 Al-
bemarle Street NW., Washington,
D.C.; Donald Tacheron, Associate Di-
rector, American Political Science As-
sociation, Washington, D.C.; N. H. Tim-
mons, Professor of History, Texas
Western College, El Paso, Tex.; Procter
Thomson, Professor, Economics and
Administration, Claremont Men's Col-
lege, Claremont, Calif.; Richard L.
Walker, Director, Institute of Inter-
national Studies, University of South
Carolina, Columbia, S.C.; Donald B.
Weatherbee, Assistant Professor, Insti-
tute of International Studies, Univer-
sity of South Carolina, Columbia, S.C.;
Clyde Winfield, Chairman, Professor of
History, Texas Western College El Paso,
Tex.; Gerard F. Yates, S.J., Georgetown
University, Washington, D.C.; I. 'Wil-
liam Zartman, Associate Professor, In-
stitute of International Studies, Uni-
versity of South Carolina, Columbia,
S.C.
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17076 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE July 21, 1965
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
July 20, 1965]
VIETNAM AND THE PROFESSORS
Despite some impressions to the contrary.
not all college and university professors are
alienated from the real world or lost in a fog
of doctrinaire absurdities. There are im-
portant and numerous exceptions. This has
been made abundantly clear by a group of
67 of them who have issued an excellent
statement strongly supporting what our
country is doing in an effort to save south-
east Asia from Communist engulfment
The group?made up chiefly of political
scientists, historians and economists with a
special understanding of Asian affairs?has
left no room for doubt about its endorse-
ment of that effort. Its words deserve to be
quoted at some length: "We believe the 'U.S.
policy * * * is consistent with the reali-
ties * * * and the peace and freedom of
South Vietnam." Accordingly, it is neces-
sary to "dispel the notion that any small but
active and vocal groups of teachers and stu-
dents speak for the entire community" on
this issue. "We reject the bizarre political
doctrine that President Johnson or his prin-
cipal advisers have special obligations to the
academic community. Obviously, the ad-
ministration has obligations to explain its
policies to the American people. But to
suggest that some group of university pro-
fessors has a right to a special accounting
is as outrageous as to suggest that the cor-
poration executives of America, the plumb-
ers, the small businessmen, or the barbers
have special claims on the Government and
its principal spokesmen."
Well said. So well said, in fact, and so
sensibly, that it should be circulated
throughout the academic world, at home
and abroad, where too lunch poisonous non-
sense is being written and spoken about the
fight for freedom in Vietnam.
SOUTH TEXAS PLANNED PARENT-
HOOD CENTER AT CORPUS
CHRISTI ACHIEVES RESULTS
WITH GRANT FROM 0E0
Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President,
the South Texas Planned Parenthood
Center in Corpus Christi was the first
organization to receive a grant from the
Office of Economic Opportunity for the
purpose of population control. In just
6 months time results have been suffi-
cient to justify an extension of the pro-
gram.
This is just one more drop in the
steadily growing stream of evidence that
Federal assistance in dealing with the
problems of population growth can yield
Positive results. The need is clear for a
concerted and coordinated Federal-level
approach. The distinguished Senator
from Alaska [Mr. GRUENING] has been
conducting a most informative series of
hearings on his bill S. 1676, on which I
am honored to be a cosponsor. The bill
would create Offices of Population Prob-
lems in the Departments of State and of
Health, Education, and Welfare to deal
with domestic and international aspects
of the population explosion. A long list
of distinguished witnesses, including
former President Eisenhower, have en-
dorsed the bill.
The experience in Corpus Christi
shows that positive results can be
achieved in combating this problem if
we put sufficient resources into the bat-
tle.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that an article from the Washington
Post of July 15, 1965, be printed at this
point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Post,
July 15, 1965]
FEWER POSTABORTION CASES TREATED IN
CORPUS CHRISTI: BIRTHS AMONG POOR ARE
REDUCED IN PROJECT AREA
(By Jean M. White)
CORPUS CHRISTI, TEX., July 14.?The first
Federal antipoverty grant for birth-control
services among the poor has shown enough
results in 6 months to justify an extension of
the program, city officials and local sup-
porters feel.
They point to figures showing a continuing
drop in postabortion patients?an important
indicator in an area with a strong tradition
of midwifery among the Spanish-surname
families?and in indigent births.
Neighborhood clinics opened with Federal
funds have been in operation only 6 months,
and it is too early to come up with figures
showing direct results.
But doctors and local officials here empha-
size they are convinced family-planning
advice to avoid unwanted pregnancies will
strike at one of the root causes of poverty?
the overpopulated family.
Doctors point to figures showing a 41 per-
cent drop in the number of patients treated
at Memorial Medical Center after bungled
abortions. The sharp decrease came over the
last 5 years since a local Planned Parenthood
chapter began operation. The Federal funds
allowed this program to expand with four
satellite neighborhood clinics spotted in the
city's poverty strip.
Dr. J. M. Garrett, medical director of the
Good Samaritan Clinic, reported postabortion
cases dropped from 374 to 220 over the last
5 years at Memorial, which handles mainly
charity cases.
Over the same period, births at the hos-
pital dropped 28 percent, Dr. Garrett
reported.
Two years ago the obstetrical clinic at the
charity hospital had 805 patients during the
first 4 months. This year the clinic had 505
patients during the same period.
Corpus Christi was the first city to get
approval for a family-planning project as
part of its antipoverty community action
program. The Federal grant was a modest
"'WEIL. in the last 2 weeks, the Office of Eco-
nomic ,Opportunity has given the go-ahead
for family-planning programs in four other
cities: Austin, Tex.: St. Louis, Buffalo, and
Nashville. Earlier, it also granted $29,424 to
Oakland, Calif.
In Corpus Christi, the local Planned Par-
enthood chapter became a kind of sub-
contractor to administer the program.
The Federal money has been used to op-
erate four 1-day-a-week clinics in the poor
neighborhoods. At the first session, 10 wom-
en and 1 man appeared.
The Reverend Reynell M. Parkins, Epis-
copal priest in charge of St. Martin's Mission,
stresses the need for "person-to-person talk."
"You can mail brochures to them, and it is
like an illiterate receiving a letter," Father
Parkins explains. "You have to sit down in
small groups and talk to them."
Word of mouth has proved the most ef-
fective means of communication in the West
Oso sections of low-income families.
At the Robert L. Moore Community Cen-
tex yesterday, 15 women watched a film on
birth control during the weekly clinic hours.
A woman in the front row, with a baby on
her lap, said she had come because a neigh-
bor told her.
"I wondered why she hadn't had a baby
this spring," she said.
Mrs. Tony Abaroa, a former public health
nurse, is executive director of the Planned
Parenthood program. She speaks the lan-
guage and knows the culture of the "Latin"
families.
"They will tell me that they had two or
three induced abortions," she says. "But
they will never name the person because
they don't want to cause trouble for the
midwife."
The average patient at the Planned Par-
enthood clinics is 26 years old, has five living
children, a third-grade education, and an in-
come of about $35 a week.
Since the neighborhood centers opened,
they have served 187 new patients. Two
hundred twenty-eight other patients from
the poverty areas have gone to the central
clinic, where the main drawing card seems
to be a "Pap" smear for cancer detection.
Federal funds cannot be used to give birth-
control advice to unwed mothers.
"Unfortunately," says Father Perkins, "the
unwed mother can't be helped except at the
main clinic. The problem of the mother
who has too many children isn't nearly as
bad as that of the unmarried woman."
Although Corpus Christi has a large
Catholic population, the Roman Catholic
Church has offered no public opposition to
the program. A family planning grant in
Milwaukee has been held up because of
Catholic opposition.
"REALITY AND VISION IN THE
MIDDLE EAST"; AN ENLIGHTENED
VIEW
Mr. GRUENING. Mr. President, a
highly informative article by Abbe. Eban,
now?Deputy Prime Minister of Israel and
from 1950-59 Israel's Ambassador to the
United States, appears in the July issue
of Foreign Affairs.
Since the situation in the Middle East
continues to be tense and is continually
a potential danger spot in maintaining
Peace in that important area, the views
contained in this Israeli's statements are
worthy of attention.
I ask unanimous consent that the arti-
cle entitled "Reality and Vision in the
Middle East?an Israeli's View," be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the REcoro,
as follows:
REALITY AND VISION IN THE MIDDLE EAST:
AN ISRAELI VIEW
(By Abbe Elam)
Since early March the Arab world has been
shaken by an angry clash of views about its
relations with Israel. Arab thinking on this
subject had long been governed by what
Whitehead once called inert ideas?that
is to say, ideas that are merely received into
the mind without being utilized or tested or
thrown into fresh combinations. This in-
ertia was suddenly broken by two closely
related events. The Federal Republic af
Germany sought the establishment of diplo-
matic relations with Israel, in conscious re-
jection of Arab pressure. And the President
of Tunisia challenged the official Arab dogma
about Israel's place in the Middle East. In
statements which had a broad international
resonance, Mr. Bourguiba indicated that
Israel was a solid and entrenched reality with
which the Arab nations would have to come
to terms. To dream of sweeping Israel away
in a torrent of violence was, in his view, sheer
delusion.
The German initiative and the Tunisian
pronouncements are, of course, important
events. But they do not in themselves ex-
plain the volcanic emotion which spread from
Cairo across the Arab world. Germany. after
all, is not the 1st but the 05th government
to establish diplomatic ties with Israel. In
none of the 94 previous occasions did Arab
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