WEST GERMANS CURB SHIPPING TO NORTH VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 27
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 27, 2003
• Sequence Number: 18
• Publication Date: May 24, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2003/11/04 'CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
May 24, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HCSUS~E
Pakistan, Turkey, and most of all, be-
cause of our stake in Vietnam. Most of
us realize I am sure, Mr. Chairman, that
the United States through its aid pro-
gram seeks to help build stable govern-
ments and to build up the economies of
young countries.
Foreign aid today, Mr. Chairman, in
my opinion is far more important than
it was in the immediate postwar years.
The fact that the job is more difficult is
no reason for us to become tired of it, to
throw up our hands, and to say we are
no longer willing to support it.
In any event, Mr. Chairman, these are
some of the basic reasons why I am sure
this bill will receive strong support.
After a careful review of all the pros and
cons and after much detailed discussion,
the Committee on Foreign Affairs ap-
proved this bill by a margin of 26 to 5.
It deserves, and r am confident it will
receive, comparable support in this body.
Mr. Chairman, mention was made
earlier today of the need to reconsider
the whole concept of foreign aid, of sal-
'vaging and strengthening those aspects
which are good, and dropping those
aspects which are bad. It is on this
whole question of the advisability of a
major recasting of foreign aid that I
should like to speak briefly.
In certain circles recently, Mr. Chair-
man, it has been suggested that the aid
program as currently constituted should
be, continued fore only 2 more years,
pending the report of a special study
group. This study group is to be called
the Foreign Affairs Planning Group,
which would consider the basic premises
behind the foreign aid program. The
proposed planning group would under-
take a profound scrutiny of this program
and, presumably, would suggest a com-
pletely new approach to foreign assist-
ance.
Mr. Chairman, I strongly oppose such
a course of action. In the first place on
the basis of experience I doubt very much
whether at this point we are likely to
develop any constructive alternative to
what we presently have. A 2-year limi-
tation on foreign assistance in its cur-
rent form, as has been proposed, would
raise strong doubts among our friends
and allies as to our basic commitment to
continue foreign assistance. Discon-
tinuance of foreign assistance seems a
highly unlikely prospect, because our
commitments in places such as Korea,
Taiwan, and Vietnam are simply not go-
ing to disappear. There is a crucial
situation in southeast Asia, and no mat-
ter what the developments there, no
early solution seems likely. Also, many
countries, in Latin America and else-
where, have embarked upon important
new reforms and programs in the expec-
tation of continued American aid. That
more governments are not stable is a
basic reason to provide aid for such
countries, and certainly no argument
to cutit- off.:
It would, therefore, in my opinion, be'
particularly untimely at the present to
attempt another major revision of the
program. Moreover, a new study group
would be .disruptive to the proper' func-
tioning of the, agencies which currently
administer American assistance pro-
growth. This assistance is largely to be
made available for long-term loans, re-
payable in dollars. One-third of the
program is for military assistance and
sales. It is particularly noteworthy that
certain proposed changes in the program
will sharply increase the participation of
American private enterprise in stimulat-
ing economic development. The bill as
recommended by the Foreign Affairs
Committee would double the specific risk
guarantees to $5 billion, and sharply in-
crease the guarantees available to Amer-
ican firms participating in housing proj-
ects abroad. American firms would be
particularly assisted in promoting hous-
ing projects in Latin America, where
guarantees could be granted for $200 mil-
lion additional dollars permitting a total
of $450 million. No new money need be
authorized for these programs.
Changes made in the administration
of the aid program in recent years in-
sure that nearly 90 percent of the assist-
ance dollar is spent in the United States,
for the purchase of American goods and
services. Several hundred thousand
American jobs have been created by the
foreign assistance program. Industries
producing agricultural and industrial
machinery, iron and steel manufactures,
chemicals, and motor vehicles have par-
ticularly benefited.
I would like to make one final point,
if I may. In the discussion with the
gentleman from Indiana [Mr. ADAIR].
I expressed concern about the so-called
standby authorization on page 8 of the
report to be placed in the contingency
fund. This would provide authority for
the President to use such sums in south-
east Asia as may be- necessary in the
next fiscal year if he determines such
use important to the national interest.
I might point out there is no ceiling on
the amount that the President might re-
quest of the Appropriations Committee
under this authorization. There is no
indication of an unexpected emergency
that could not be met out of existing
funds. I think, myself, it would be
highly unwise for us to give this kind of
a blank check authorization.
What we might do is to provide more
funds in the contingency fund than are
here requested. We authorized last year
$150 million in contingency funds to be
used in southeast Asia, the Dominican
Republic, or wherever the need might be.
The current request is for only $50 mil-
lion. The point was made that the
amount in the contingency fund was re-
duced because of the special, separate
authorization for South Vietnam. The
sums which we have made available for
the increase in our own forces in south-
east Asia are an indication that we are
wary about any increase made without
taking a good look as to what we might
spend beyond what is projected in this
bill.
We have had some reference in today's
debate to the speech the President' had
made about regional development of the
Mekong Delta. I do not know how much
the United States should put into such a
program if there could be some cessation
of hostilities in that area. But I am quite
sure such an authorization should be
made only after the authorizing commit-
grams. Foreign aid, since it began in
the postwar period, has had at least 11
major studies along with 2 yearly ex-
aminations by each House of the Con-
gress. There are currently two studies 11 underway. Substantial sums have al-
ready been expended in staff time in the
legislative and executive branches in
making these studies and in assisting in-
vestigators. The most recent report, the
Clay report, was released in March 1963.
Although some aspects of the Clay re-
port are unclear in their recommenda-
tions, the report in general has resulted
in many important changes in the for-
eign aid program. Proposals made in
the Clay report, as well as recommen-
dations from previous reports, are still
being implemented. Only now are re-
sults beginning to show. .
For example, and in accordance with
the recommendations of the Clay re-
port, almost three-quarters of the funds
requested for development loans are
scheduled to go to only seven countries.
Almost 90 percent of the supporting as-
sistance is expected to go to only four
countries, all situated in critical areas
of the world. Over 70 percent of the
military assistance is going to 11 coun-
tries. Additionally, there are 26 coun-
tries which have received economic as-'
sistance in the postwar period when
such assistance has been terminated,
and where none is planned for the com-
ing fiscal year. As a result of past re-
views and particularly because of con-
tinuing congressional surveillance, the
Agency for International Development is
now far better administered than in the
'past. David Bell has held his critically
important job for a longer time than any
Administrator of the Agency, nearly 30
months. He has built up experience
which is highly useful and important for
future efficient administration of the
Agency.
The major conclusion of all the past
studies has been to show that there is
no magic formula which can assure us
that our foreign assistance will be effi-
ciently used in furthering our foreign
policy objectives. Rather, these reviews
have merely emphasized again and again
that the administration of foreign aid
is a highly complex matter. Reshuffling
the personnel responsible for these pro-
grams and reorganizing the administer-
ing agencies will not make the problem
easier, but far more difficult. It is in part
a reflection on Congress that this pro-
gram, after all these years, is still subject
to as much criticism as it is. In my opin-
ion, we should not at this point attempt
another major survey as to how we
might improve the program.
I might say also that the current re-
quest for foreign aid is a reasonably tight
one. The fact that we were able to cut
the administration request by only $12
million in committee is a clear indication
of that. The $2,004,195,000 in the new
authorizations together with funds pre-
viously authorized provide the authority
for a combined foreign assistance pro-
gram of $3,367,670,000 for the forthcom-
ing fiscal year. Two-thirds of the total
program will be used for economic as-
sistance, primarily for capital and tech-
nical assistance for long-term economic
. Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CFA-RDP67800446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- z O ;SE May 24, 1965
tee and the appropriations committee
have reviewed the executive branch's
proposals. We have demonstrated, as the
gentleman from Indiana pointed out, the
ability of the Congress to act if the need
should arise.
in view of the fact that we have never
given the Executive such authority In the
past, and in view of the fact there is no
current justification of the necessity for
utilizing such a fund in the future, I
think we should be wary of granting
such a blank check.
I do trust that we recognize the foreign
aid program as a whole as reported in the
bill we have before us makes sense, and
that the use of the funds have been care-
fully scrutinized. That should not pre-
vent us from looking with some care at
the-individual changes in the law that
we have suggested.
Mr. Chairman, in closing I would urge
again we vote in a very substantial way
in favor of this bill. I think it is impor-
tant to us, to our allies, and to our own
security.
The CHAIRMAN. The time of the
gentleman has expired.
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I
yield 5 minutes to the gentleman from
Illinois [Mr. O'HARAI.
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Chair-
man, I am moved to remark that on the
Committee on Foreign Affairs we are
thrice blessed. We are blessed with a
chairman who is terrific. He is the per-
sonification of courtesy and a paragon
of patience. He is a giant in ability.
We are indeed blessed in having thedis-
tinguished gentleman from Pennsyl-
vania, Dr. MORGAN, as our chairman.
Mr. Chairman, we are blessed too by
having on the committee what everyday
impresses us more as the finest expres-
sion of American womanhood, Mrs.
BOLTON on the Republican side and Mrs.
KELLY on the Democratic side.
Mr. Chairman, we are blessed yet again
by having as our colleague the statesman
from New Jersey, the able and scholarly
gentleman who preceded me, Mr. FRE-
LINGHUYSEN, for whose ability and dedi-
cation we have admiration, and for whose
warm personal traits affection.
Yes, it means so much to our commit-
tee that we work together as a team and
in most matters on a nonpartisan basis.
Most of us voted for this bill. Four or
five or six members may have voted
against It, but in a sort of quiet and non-
disagreeable way, as those things perhaps
that concerned them were more good
than bad in the measure.
Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman,
will the gentleman yield?
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I am happy
to yield to our beloved Speaker of the
House of Representatives, the gentle-
man from Massachusetts.
Mr. McCORMACK. Might I say, too,
that we are all blessed in having not only
as a member of this committee but as a
Member of the House of Representatives
the great gentleman from Illinois-the
youngest thinking Member of the House
of Representatives [Mr. O'HARAI.
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. I thank the
distinguished Speaker, from the bottom
of my heart and in acknowledgement of
his too kind remarks may I say-yes, I
am getting along a little bit in years but
the older I get, the happier I am that my
country-our country-has never been
afraid of the tomorrows. With faith and
courage in meeting unafraid the prob-
lems that may be ahead we have made
each tomorrow a glorified today.
When I was a boy, the population of
the entire State of California was a bit
more than 1 million people, about the
population at that time of the city of
Philadelphia. When I contemplate the
growth of California in the span of my
lifetime, and think of the impact of that
tremendous growth on the economy of
my State of Illinois and of every part of
the United States, I can have no fear of
the future or doubt of the wisdom of
our foreign aid program. On a world-
wide basis I look ahead to the countries
and the continents of Africa and Asia
and South America-I look in the future
to the developing nations of the world,
and know that when some of my younger
colleagues. have reached my present age
some of these new countries of today will
be to the world of the tomorrow what
California is to the United Stes of to-
day. Our economy will benefit with the
economy of the new nations. There are
no one-way streets in the modern world.
I could worry about automation if I
did not think more of what I see ap-
proaching in Africa, Asia, Latin Amer-
ica-new nations rising-nations that
will have great buying power and will
supply great markets for our industries-
all because of the investments of today
from the hearts and the means of our
country to foreign aid.
Yes, Mr. Chairman, this is a very hap-
py day for me to join my colleagues in
the House of Representatives in acclaim-
ing the legislation we have before us.
We are gaining. Make no mistake on
that. We are gaining every day and in
every way in reaching the objective of
this program.
As the gentleman from New Jersey
[Mr. GALLAGHER] said so well and so elo-
quently, in the past 10 years the agricul-
tural products of the free world have in-
creased by 20 or 25 percent.
Mind you, one of the great enemies we
face is poverty. Today the free world,
and as a result of this program, Is pro-
ducing much more food to feed the
hungry. - That is progress in the right
direction.
In the past 10 years the number of
children going to school in the free world
has increased 50 percent. Thus we are
striking at another enemy of mankind:
ignorance. All that because of the for-
eign aid program. And that is progress
in the right direction.
The lifespan of people in Latin Amer-
ica, in Asia, in Africa, in all the under-
privileged portions of the free world, has
lengthened tremendously in the past 10
years. All because of the foreign aid
program, certainly, in large measure; and
that is progress in the right direction.
So I see ahead the glorious harvest of
blessings from this program of foreign
aid. It is destroying poverty: It is de-
stroying ignorance. It is destroying
disease.
After those three enemies of humanity
have been destroyed, we shall have
reached the millenium, and all mankind
will live together in peace and happi-
ness, in plentitude and in dignified
worthwhileness.
Mr. Chairman, I add only the words
inscribed in this Chamber and in all our
minds and hearts: "In God We Trust."
Mr. FRELINGHUYSEN. Mr. Chair-
man, I have no further requests for time.
I yield back the remainder of my time.
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I have
no further requests for time. I yield
back my remaining time.
The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will read.
The Clerk read as follows:
H. R. 7750
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That this
Act may be cited as the "Foreign Assistance
Act of 1965".
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Chairman, I move
that the Committee do now rise.
The motion was agreed to.
Accordingly, the Committee rose; and
the Speaker having resumed the chair,
Mr. LANDRUM, Chairman of the Commit-
tee of the Whole House on the State of
the Union, reported that that Commit-
tee, having had under consideration the
bill (H.R. 7750) to amend further the
Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, as
amended, and for other purposes, had
come to no resolution thereon.
COMMITTEE ON ARMED SERVICES
Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that the Committee
on Armed Services may have until mid-
night tonight to file a conference report
on the military procurement authoriza-
tion bill.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Pennsyl ' ?
There y w no objection.
WEST V CURB SHIPPING TO
NORTH VIETNAM
(Mr. ROGERS of Florida asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute; to revise and extend
his remarks and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. ROGERS of Florida. Mr.
Speaker, I have received assurances that
West German ships will not call In North
Vietnam again.
The latest list of free world ships call-
ing in North Vietnam which I published
on page 751.0 of the CONGRESSIONAL REC-
ORD of April 12 contains the names of
,153 vessels and companies engaging in
this trade. The list should be amended
accordingly.
The West German ships concerned are
as follows:
Ostensible owner:
Stinnes Hugo Transozean
Schlffahrt-------------- Hugo Stinnes.
Reederei Rickmers
(Bremen.) -------------- Paul Rickmers.
Scipio & Co--------------- Brake.
The owners of the Brake have sold that
vessel to Nationalist China. The owners
of the Hugo Stinnes and the Paul Rick-
mers have assured the West German
Government that they will cooperate
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
May 24, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
with U.S. policies against this trade.
The owners of the Hugo Stinnes have
advised that this ship has been under
charter to ATIC, the French Govern-
ment agency handling coal purchases
from North Vietnam.
Mr. Speaker, I have contacted the
Department of State on the subject of
free world trade with the Vietcong, and
on March 31 received assurances that the
State Department was "right now in the
middle of a full-scale study of this prob-
lem" which was to "be completed
shortly." Nearly 2 months of study have
gone by, with no results made known. I
urge the State Department to double its
efforts for more allied cooperation on
this trade.
There is a State Department blacklist
of free world shipping to Communist
Cuba. It has been effective in curtailing
a great deal of this shipping simply be-
cause it publicly exposes foreign shippers
who would rather trade with the Com-
munists than Americans.
We certainly need similar exposure of
allies shipping to North Vietnam when
the Vietcong are firing on our own troops.
NATIONAL SMALL BUSINESS WEEK
(Mr. EVINS of Tennessee asked and
was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute and to revise and ex-
tend his remarks.)
Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr.
Speaker, President Johnson has desig-
nated this week-the week of May 23
through May 30-as National Small
Business Week to point up the contribu-
tions made to our Nation by America's
4.7 million small businessmen.
This tribute to small busnessmen is
appropriate and well deserved.
Small business constitutes 95 percent
of all American business.
Small business accounts for 40 percent
of all business activity.
Small business provides employment
for 40 percent of the labor force in our
country.
Small business pays taxes.
It is the livelihood of 75 million Ameri-
cans-owners, employees, and members
of their families,
It accounts for more than 70 percent
of sales volume in retailing, wholesale,
construction, and services-and more.
than 30 percent of value added in manu-
Small business is the core of our free
enterprise system-the economic seed-
bed of America.
It is appropriate that we recognize
these contributions.
And so, Mr. Speaker, I urge the citi-
zens of this great Nation to give a spe-
cial pat on the back, this week, to the
small businessman.
He deserves it, and more.
GIVING THANKS FOR THE SOIL
(Mr. HANSEN of Iowa asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute; to revise and extend his
remarks and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. HANSEN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker,
this, being Soil Stewardship Week, I
think it appropriate that the House of
Representatives pay tribute to its spon-
sors-the local soil and water conserva-
tion districts of America. There are 100
of them in Iowa. The men and women
who serve without pay on the governing
bodies of these local units of State gov-
ernment deserve our praise for the lead-
ership they are providing for resource
conservation and development in our
home communities.
Although Soil Stewardship Week is
sponsored by soil and water conserva-
tion districts, the materials for support-
ing it were developed in cooperation with
an advisory committee of church leaders.
The advisers for this year's observance
consist of the Reverend E. W. Mueller,
National Lutheran Council, Chicago; the
Reverend John George Weber, National
Catholic Rural Life Conference, Des
Moines; the Reverend Harold Huff, board
of missions, Methodist Church, Phila-
delphia; the Reverend Henry A. Mc-
Canna, National Council of the Churches
of Christ, New York City; and the Rev-
erend Lewis Newman, Southern Baptist
Convention, Atlanta.
In the April issue of the Methodist
Story, Reverend Huff describes soil
stewardship for land and people. His
views are summarized in one sentence:
While giving thanks for the soil and the
men who till it, we consider ways to con-
serve both soil and community.
Under unanimous consent, I include
Reverend Huff's article in the RECORD at
this point:
Fos LAND AND PEOPLE
(By Harold S. Huff)1
Rural Life Sunday Is traditionally the fifth
Sunday following Easter and is followed by
Soil Stewardship Week (May 23-30 this year).
This week in the spring season is desig-
nated as a time to give special recognition
in worship to God for the blessings of mate-
rial and human resources-for land and peo-
ple in agriculture, industry, and communi-
ties.
Both physical and human resources are
alike sources of blessings and sources of
problems and concerns. Our attitudes as
Christian stewards will largely determine
our use of each of these.
"The Challenge of Growth" is the theme
of Soil Stewardship Week this year with the
acorn and the oak tree symbolic of the po-
tential and the accomplishment, both
fraught with challenge. Because America as
a nation has grown through response to
challenge, her church people may well pause
10871
are among the challenges to be faced to-
day.
1. "Diversity": "The very diversity of our
growth carries within it the seeds of both
good and evil."
2. "Pressures on the Land": "Our God-
given supplies of land and water are
limited-and He expects us to care for them
as responsible stewards. * * *
"Our Creator decreed there would be va-
riety in land, with uplands and lowlands, wet
lands and dry lands, some fertile and some
barren. He has a purpose for each and it
could now be our critical task, as we join
vision with prudence, to look for the right
uses and see His prime purpose for each and
do what must be done to comply, at last,
with His plans."
3. "The Duty of Involvement": "It is the
duty of churchmen to be involved in co-
operative and conservation efforts which
function as focal points toward the attain-
ment of justice. * * * Whatever programs
develop, the facts of rural-urban interde-
pendence and world interrelationships are
such that the steward's duty and involvement
today are at once greater and more complex
than ever before."
4. "Adjustment in Values": "The church-
man examines new trends and institutions,
developments in art and science, and chang-
ing customs and philosophies, to discover
what they contain of constructive and de-
structive elements in the light of God's
laws."
6. "Planning and Development": "Choice
is the fruit of judgment. The prospect of
wise judgment is enhanced by deliberation
and careful planning."
6. "The Spread of Understanding": "We
need a spread of understanding about chain
reactions and multiple breakthroughs in the
universe around us. But who is responsible
for this spread? Who speaks for wisdom in
land use, for balance between population
and resources; and for social justice?"
7. "Areas of Poverty": "It is a callous af-
front to conscience to surrender with the
excuse that 'the poor are always with us.'
The responsible churchman does not sur-
render."
8. "The Need for Balance": "Our world
was not designed to be rural or urban, black
or white, land or water, farmers or lawyers,
but a bit of each created by God to help the
others, so that we can mature with growth
and strengthen the prospects of both peace
and freedom In the futur.."
9. "Area Development": "The ultimate ben-
efits of good stewardship flow far afield, but
there is a price: True mutual concern and
cooperation must replace old rivalries be-
tween town and country and between town
and town."
10. "A Test of Faith in God": "From those
granted free will, God asks free services. A
man of faith will choose to serve."
to ponder the stewardship challenges of Pastors and church lay leaders are urged
further growth. to contact their soil conservation district
Consider this quotation from the soil supervisors or the county extension agent for
stewardship booklet for 1965: "Growth copies of the soil stewardship booklet.
unleashes great, new challenges to man-to This is the 11th in an annual series pre-
his courage, his vision, his heart, and rea- pared by the Soil Stewardship Advisory Com-
son. It multiplies the need for man to be mittee and published by the National Asso-
honest with himself, to oppose. the tyran- ciation of Soil and Water Conservation Dis-
ny of fear, and to fight prejudice which tricts. It also may be obtained by writing
denies truth. Growth is a challenge de- the offices of NACD at Post Office Box 855,
manding freedom of the mind and freedom League City, Tex.
to speak out forthrightly. * * * Soil conservation supervisors are usually
"It asks for compassion and divine guid- anxious to cooperate.
ance, without which increases become ex- (NOTE.-The Soil Stewardship Advisory
cesses. And growth is a challenge to lead- Committee is an interfaith committee serv-
ership to fasten not only ideas and effort ing the National Association of Soil and
but patience and good purpose." Water Conservation Districts, a nongovern-
The theme for Rural Life Sunday and Soil mental organization of some 3,000 districts
Stewardship Week centers in 10 topics which throughout the Nation. Advisory Committee
members are the Reverend Harold S. Huff,
1 Mr. Huff is a director of town and coun- Methodist and representing the National
try work of the national division of the Council of Churches; the Reverend Henry
board of missions. Mc(anna, American Baptist and representing
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 10872
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 24,'965
the NCC; the Reverend E. W. Mueller, Na-
tional Lutheran Council; the Reverend Lewis
W. Newman, the Southern Baptist Conven-
tion; and the Reverend J. G. Weber, National
Catholic Rural Life Conference.)
JANE ADDAMS, FOUNDER OF
HULL HOUSE
(Mr. ANNUNZIO asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, 30
years ago on May 21, 1935, humanity
suffered a tragic blow in the death of
Jane Addams of Hull House.
it was my personal privilege to know
Miss Addams well for many years and
I do not wish to see the anniversary
of her death pass unnoticed. Her many
contributions to the life of the city of
Chicago and to America are still a vivid
memory to those of us who were for-
tunate enough to be personally ac-
quainted with this wonderful woman.
Most people are familiar with the gen-
eral outlines of the story of how Jane
Addams came to found Hull House. As
a very young woman of 29, from a good
family and with a good education, she
decided to separate herself from all her
comfortable and familiar surroundings
and to dedicate her life to the poor and
the unfortunate.
In 1889, she moved into a small house
on Halsted Street on Chicago's near
West Side, a neighborhood of immi-
grants from all over the world--Italians,
Greeks, Jews, Poles, Hungarians, and
Irish. She came to this area with a
vision of a better America and she stayed
there 50 years to help make that vision
into a reality.
I grew up in that neighborhood and
came to know Jane Addams well. It has
always been a source of pride to me that
as I grew older, my relationship to Hull
House also matured and strengthened.
As a boy of 12, I took part in drama
classes and the other activities that she
provided for us.
My earliest job was as a shoeshine boy
in the Hull House. Later on in life, in
1942, I served as chairman of the war
ration board 40-20 which was located
in the Hull House. Now I have the
honor of representing that same area in
Congress.
It has become a common cliche that
Miss Jane Addams was loved by all whd
knew her. However, it is no less true no
matter how many times it is said. She
was a kind and understanding woman
who recognized the needs and wants of
the immigrants in a large and strange
metropolitan area.
The factor that set her apart as a
human being of rare wisdom was her
ability to translate ideals into action.
The most profound monument to her
courage and clarity of judgment is an
endless number of laws and programs
enacted on the local, State, and Federal
levels embodying her concepts of love
and justice.
When Jane Addams first sounded the
trumpet for the end of child labor, for
the recognition of labor unions, for the
right of women to vote, for the regula-
tion of working hours and conditions,
for help for the unemployed, the aged,
and the ill-she did so almost alone.
Today these social and economic bat-
tles have been largely won. In no small
measure is this victory due to the un-
tiring efforts of one lone woman with a
vision of life and a faith in humanity,
Jane Addams of Hull House.
PROJECT EQUALITY: DETROIT
CATHOLIC ARCHDIOCESE FIGHTS
JOB BIAS WITH BUYING POWER
(Mr. CONYERS asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks and include extraneous matter.)
Mr. CONYERS. Mr. Speaker, the
Catholic archdiocese of Detroit has tak-
en a great step forward in the struggle
to eliminate racial injustice and job dis-
crimination. On Thursday, May 13, the
archbishop of Detroit, the Most Rever-
end John F. Dearden, sent a letter to all
the pastors and administrators of reli-
gious orders and institutions in the dio-
cese forbidding any discrimination in
hiring and prohibiting purchases from
any business that discriminates.
I particularly want to commend this
action, because it shows it is becoming
more clearly recognized, that in the final
analysis, racial discrimination can only
be eliminated through determined efforts
at every level of our society.
Thanks to the Civil Rights Act of 1964,
it is now the law of the land that dis-
criminatory employment in industries
affecting interstate commerce is prohib-
ited. It was a necessary and important
beginning. This declaration, by Ameri-
cans who individually and collectively
refuse to support bigotry in any form,
either directly in their own hiring prac-
tices or indirectly through their pur-
chases, should hearten all of my distin-
guished colleagues who supported and
voted for the 1964 civil rights bill.
May I predict that the fine example
set by the Detroit archdiocese will soon
stimulate other dioceses all over the
country to initiate their own equality of
opportunity projects such as Project
Equality.
I also think it reasonable to expect
other religious denominations to quickly
adopt similar programs. The impact of
such nationwide activity would clearly
go a long way to effectuate fair hiring
and promotional practices.
The tone of the archbishops' letter is
fair, realistic, and uncompromising. He
firmly emphasizes the responsibility of
the church to Insure that "we, ourselves,
are not discriminating in our hiring prac-
tices." The letter makes clear the steps
that may be used to insure that all church
purchases will be made from nondis-
criminatory suppliers. The letter ini-
tiates a policy that in effect calls upon
a consumer to not Only base his purchase
on price, quality, and service, but also
upon the sellers' proven record of non-
discrimination.
The archiocese plans to use the review
procedures developed by the President's
Committee on Equal Employment Oppor-
tunity to insure that all of its suppliers
practice equal job opportunity. I feel
the decision to adopt these procedures
reflects the effectiveness of this commit-
tee under the leadership of its chairman,
Vice President HUMPHREY, and its Ex-
ecutive Vice Chairman, Mr. Hobart Tay-
lor, Jr.
Mr. Speaker, I ask that the following
newspaper items regarding Project
Equality be printed in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD immediately following my re-
marks: article from the Detroit News
of Thursday, May 13, on the announce-
ment of Project Equality; a copy of
Archbishop Dearden's letter to all pas-
ders and institutions in the Detroit
Archdiocese ; and an editorial from the
Detroit News of Friday, May 14, com-
mending Project Equality, and an ar-
ticle from the Michigan Catholic of May
20.
Article from the Detroit News of
Thursday, May 13, on the announce-
ment of Project Equality:
HIT RACIAL BARRIERS IN FIRMS
(By Harold Schachern, Detroit News religion
writer)
The archdiocese of Detroit today led the
Nation in throwing the purchasing power
of the Catholic Church behind the struggle
of Negroes and others for racial justice and
equal job opportunity.
In announcing Project Equality, the Most
Reverend John F. Dearden, archbishop of
Detroit, said discriminatory hiring practices
are immoral and that the archdiocese no
longer will tolerate them among the firms
and individuals with which it does business.
A MAJOR BU'YER
Efforts also are being made to cross de-
nominational lines for an allfaiths coopera-
tive effort against job discrimination, it was
announced.
Next to the Federal Government, the Cath-
olic Church generally is regarded as Amer-
ica's largest purchaser of goods and services
through its dioceses and religious orders.
The project also is to be started in the
archdiocese of St. Louis, a spokesman said,
although no public announcement has as yet
been made there.
OTHERS TO FOLLOW
Others of the 150 other dioceses and arch-
dioceses are expected to follow suit, par-
ticularly the Michigan dioceses of Lansing,
Saginaw, Grand Rapids, and Marquette.
The carefully worded plan is designed to
protect and. enhance nonwhite job oppor-
tunities at rank-and-file, supervisory, and
executive levels.
Archdiocesan spokesmen said at a press
conference announcing the program today
that while it is fashioned after the Presi-
dent's Committee on Equal Employment Op-
portunity (PCEEO), Project Equality will go
beyond the scope and limitations of this and
other Federal laws and agencies.
Simultaneously with the announcement to
the public today, a strongly worded state-
ment signed by the archbishop went out to
every pastor, every religious superior, and the
head of every Catholic institution in the
eight-county archdiocese, informing them
of the new policy to be followed scrupulously.
His letter also announced the establish-
ment of a new post to administer the pro-
gram, that of director of merit employment,
to operate under the archbishop's committee
on human relations.
He named as the temporary director,
Thomas H. Gibbons, Jr., of Chicago, director
of employment services for the National
Catholic Conference for Interracial Justice
"until a permanent director is appointed."
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: C
May 24, 1965 CONGRESSION
Treasury continues to dispose of its re-
serves of silver redeeming silver certificates.
This has acted as a price control on silver.
Mr. Speaker, the article in the Ameri-
can Metal Market was sent to me by Mr.
Christian F. Verbeke of Derry, N.H., who
identifies himself as the editor of two
numismatic publications and the author
of some 200 articles on related subjects.
In his letter to me he advised that about
400 coin dealers who are connected by
teletype service were offering the forth-
coming silver dollars at between $1,800
and $2,500 a b?Lg of 1,000 dollars. He
also said that coin advertisements will
be released this week which will feature
the 1964 dollars, offering them for sale
at $4.45 and. $5 each. His letter follows:
CHRISTIAN F. VERS$K$
Derry, N.H., May 20, 1965.
Hon. DANTE B. FASCELL,
Chairman, House Monetary Affairs Subcom-
mittee, Rayburn House Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: Your stand on the undesirabil-
ity of minting 1964-dated silver dollars is
positively justified. As you may recall, in
our earlier correspondence I have found that
the findings of your monetary Affairs Sub-
committee on the silver and coinage question
to be of uttermost significance and of
definite validity.
May I stress at this time that the forth-
coming issuance of 45 million silver dollars
is not only nefarious as it tends to deplete
our already critical silver reserves, but in
addition it reopens the Pandora's box of
senseless, speculation in current coinage-a
phenomena which had reasonably abated
recently.
At the time of this writing coin dealers
connected by teletype service (some 400 of
them) are offering the forthcoming 1964-
dated silver dollars at between $1,800 and
$2,500 a bag, or an initial price of $1.80 to
$2.50, for one specimen.
I cite speciflially Mr. Freeman Bishop,
staff writer of American Metal Market, who
reports some coin dealers are giving the
new coin a value of $5-an inherent scandal.
(Mr. Bishop's article is enclosed.)
It is indeed unquestionable that the silver
dollar has lost its significance as a medium
of circulation (hundreds of millions are
hoarded); moreover, the contrivance risks to
accomplish exactly the opposite of its in-
tended goal, viz., instead of being bona fide
metallic currency, it will become an instru-
ment of renewed speculation, profiteering on
the guillible if not the symbol of base mer-
cantilism in numismatics.
Although I am editor of two numismatic
publications and the author of some 200
articles on related subjects, I am addressing
myself to you as a private citizen anxious
to see speculation in metallic currency eradi-
cated and our national silver assets preserved
for worthwhile purposes.
Warmest personal regards,
CHRISTIAN F. VERBEKE.
P.S.-At the last minute I have been relia-
bly informed that coin advertisements to be
released next week will feature the 1964
dollars for sale at $4.45 and $5.
Mr. Speaker, _ the Congress last year
placed on the President the responsibility
for having the silver dollar coined, I
think, that Congress must now give its
earliest Possible consideration to reliev-
ing the President of that responsibility.
DP67B00446R000300190018-0
ECORD - HOUSE 10889
OUR CONTINUING COMMITMENT
TOWARD PEACE, ECONOMIC
GROWTH, AND POLITICAL STA-
BILITY IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
(Mr. DANIELS (at the request of Mr.
BINGHAM) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. DANIELS. Mr. Speaker, on Sat-
urday, May 22, 1965, my colleague the
gentleman from Mary [Mr. SICKLES] Was
the principal speaker at the 14th Air
Force Association banquet which was
held at the Grammercy Inn in Wash-
ington, D.C.
In the period immediately following
Pearl Harbor many of the "Flying
Tigers," American volunteers fighting
for Chiang Kai-shek's China, became
part of the 14th U.S. Air Force.
In his speech, Congressman SICKLES
discussed our, continuing commitment
toward peace, economic growth, and
political stability in southeast Asia. His
remarks regarding the operation of our
foreign aid program and its relation-
ship to our military and political ob-
jectives are especially timely in view
of our consideration of the Foreign As-
sistance Act of 1965.
I think his remarks are worthy of the
attention of all Members of the House.
Congressman SICKLES is a veteran of the
China-Burma-India theater during the
Second World War and he has main-
tained his interest in this part of the
world. It was during this period that
he met his lovely wife, the former Simone
Shornick, of Shanghai, China. When he
speaks about our policies in Asia, he
brings a great deal of expertise to his
subject. I am proud to insert his speech
at this point in the RECORD:
ADDRESS BY MR. SICKLES
Ladies and gentlemen, when I meet with
a group like this, I feel I should be doing the
listening rather than the speaking. I should
be listening to the tales of men who set
standards for a decade of American heroes.
For it was you who went where heat and
history hung heavy in the air. It was you
who went where the work was waiting. It
was you who went where death was lurking.
While most men preferred a rocker on the
front porch, the Flying Tigers took to the air
in tandem for a cause. While most men had
never even heard of the Indo-Chinese Penin-
sula, the Flying Tigers were getting a bird's-
eye knowledge of hot weather in the hun-
dreds and hot pilots in the Zeros.
Little by little, the camaraderie, the
crushed cap, and the courage became idols
to a generation of American kids if not to
their more astigmatic parents. Sooner or
later even the adults got the message.
Well, gentlemen, things haven't changed
much out there. We are still involved in the
championship game for the coveted Rice
Bowl. And the stakes remain the same. Loss
means dictatorship and death.
And not unlike the days of 1939, there are
a few who say we are playing in the wrong
league; that we have no right tq be there.
That We can't win. That the competition is
too tough.
But when you are the strongest you must
accept the defense of the weak. Politics like
nature abhors a vacuum. And for a quarter
of a century, the Indochinese Peninsula has
been a vacuum of power.
Today the United States is back in the Rice
Bowl to help fill that vacuum-to again turn
back aggression.
Nevertheless the game has changed. Jap-
anese aggression was of an obvious order.
The Communists seek to blur the struggle
by telling the hungry that all shall be fed;
by telling the sick that all shall be healed;
by telling the old that all shall be cared for.
For this reason we have a second team out
in southeast Asia; a team whose goal is to
prove that freedom can deliver what commu-
nism can only promise-that free choice not
only feels better but works better than coer-
cion. This team attacks the heart of insur-
gency: poverty, sickness, and ignorance. In
Vietnam this battle is fought not by soldiers
but by more than 800 doctors, educators, farm
experts, health workers, and engineers. It is
fought not with guns but with books, ideas,
and hardwork.
Like the Flying Tigers, these men are un-
heralded often unheard of. One of them, Joe
Grainger, 39, got a few lines of credit in the
newspaper. He was shot dead when he re-
sisted recapture by the Vietcong. He had
escaped after being chained in a cave for 5
months.
Our people from the Agency for Interna-
tional Development are in Vietnam of their
own volition; and they are staying on their
own volition. They walk down lonely dirt
roads, unarmed, knowing there is perhaps
one thing between them and death. The
Vietcong fear the wrath of the villagers who
have grown proud of their American helpers.
These AID people believe in their work.
Do we? Do we have as much faith in the
drawing power of people, ideas and progress
as we do in the firepower of mortars and
missiles.
Few Americans can realize what it means
to a village to receive help in digging a well
or making a more efficient windmill. Few
Americans know what it means to have the
output of an acre of rice doubled. Few
Americans can know what a difference in
health that fish from a newly stocked pond
can make.
In 1964, over 50,000 tons of fertilizer were
eagerly received in the central lowlands
where none would have otherwise been used.
The average rice yield was increased by 40
percent.
Through AID programs, malaria has vir-
tually been wiped out from the central prov-
inces. Thousands of health clinics have been
built and stocked with medicine. American
doctors sacrifice both salary and safety for
this insecure world.
But we are trying to build a decent world
in Vietnam amid the whirl of bullets and
the crash of mortar shells. This is building
at its most frustrating; and there are lessons
to be learned.
Communist insurgency can be stopped in
peace easier than in war. For the time being
there is at least uneasy peace in the remain-
der of southeast Asia. But the time is run-
ning out. The Communists have a timetable
for their wars of "national liberation."
For instance they have earmarked north-
east Thailand as one of the next targets-
and they have been quite open about it. The
six provinces of the northeast section lie
along Laos and the Mekong River. If Laos
falls into Communist hands, this border
could be a sieve for infiltration. Indeed, it
already is.
A major share of U.S. assistance requested
for next year is aimed toward this internal
security threat. This area is isolated from
Approved For Release 2003/11/04 : ,CIA-RDP67B00446R00Q300190018-0
 10890
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE May 24, 1965
the rest of Thailand. The accelerated rural
development program will move in, trying to
expand communication lines and roads as
.well as build schools, irrigate lands, and es-
tablish health programs.
The first all-weather highway linking the
capitals of Thailand and Laos was officially
opened in January. The 248-mile road runs
through the heart of the northeast from
Bangkok on the Gulf of Siam to Vietlane in
Laos.
It has created many advantages. For in-
stance, Pakchong was just a jungle village a
few years ago. Today it is a booming agricul-
tural center, the result of this "Friendship
Highway."
It has grown from 5,000 in population to
65,000. Forests are being cleared and crops
being diversified. Farm cooperatives and
mechanization have transformed farming in
the area into a profitable export business. It
once was on a bare subsistence level.
AID will support Thai efforts to Improve
the position of the northeast farmers with a
strong extension service and research in
agricultural techniques. The Thais intend
to increase the number of agricultural exten-
sion officers from 1 for every 13,000 farms
in 1963 to 1 for evry 2,000 farms by 1967.
A new service will handle farming classes
for hundreds of students.
AID will contribute agricultural advisers,
and advanced training in the 'United States
to key Thai technicians. We will provide
seed, fertilizer, and pesticides.
Studies now underway are aimed at find-
ing means to establish light industries in the
northeast and to use the areas of two major
river basins for irrigation and flood control
projects.
Meanwhile the terror has already started.
The Vietcong tactic of assassinating village
leaders is now being stepped up in northeast
Thailand. Part of our aid will go toward
training and equipping Thailand's 6,300-man
mobile border patrol police and for strength-
ening the counterinsurgency capability of
the provincial police.
AID will support training programs for
nearly 3,000 local officials and village teach-
ers and help supply 500,000 elementary school
students In northeast's 6 border provinces
with improved textbooks.
DDT and spray equipment wil be supplied
to help the Thais accelerate the malaria con-
trol program to cover the northeast assist-
ance for equipment and technical help will
continue to a project initiated in 1957 to train
doctors and nurses for work in the rural
areas. The medical school graduated its first
class of 57 doctors in May of last year.
To men of action this all may not only
sound like slow drudgery but it also may
smack of futility. Well, wars can hinge on
the outcome of a battle; but the war for
minds is a tenuous thing.
Democratic ideas and institutions do not
sprout over night. Freedom needs no small
amount of care to blossom. If we cannot, if
we will not give that care, we may sacrifice
our own share.
Thailand may be a gamble. But we think
it is a good one. Over the past 10 years,
Thailand has made steady progress in mod-
ernizing Its government and civil service.
The Thai put nearly one-fifth of their en-
tire budget into education and 70 percent
of their population is literate today.
Last year the Thai Government contrib-
uted more to the cost of AID development
projects than we did. AID's contribution
for American experts and commodities
totaled $6.9 million, and the Thai contrib-
uted the equivalent of $7 million for local
costs: labor, material-the sweat to make
the dollars work. This is self-help at its
best-the commodity we can't supply and
the commodity we need.
Now if you still think It can't work, circle
June 30 on your calendars. On June 30,
some old friends of yours and mine on
Taiwan will step out on their own. On that
date, U.S. economic aid will end and the
Republic of China will move ahead alone,
strong, and independent.
How did it happen. Fifteen years ago it
looked like free China would be on our wel-
fare roles forever. In fact, Taiwan at the
time was more dependent on U.S. aid than
Vietnam is today. But the dole is done.
Free China isn't rich but it's ready. With
our help, and a herculean effort on their own
part, they now have better roads, ports, power
stations. A land reform program has raised
agricultural yields to equal those of Japan.
The United States has contributed the
technical advisers, the capital and surplus
foods. The Chinese worked hard, saved hard,
taxed themselves hard. There has been little
luxury consumption.
And here is the crucial change: Now on
'T'aiwan there is enough competence, enough
trained leadership, enough capital so the
Chinese can go ahead on their own. They
have learned to use science and technology
to overcome their problems.
By U.S. standards, the Chinese are far
from rich. Their per capita income is only
about $150 per year compared to some $2,500
per year here.
But they can carry the ball. The spiral is
upward instead of being trapped in poverty.
Her export earnings have risen from less
than $100 million to more than $400 million
in the past 10 years-25 other countries have
traveled the same "comeback trail."
Since 1980, grants used primarily to keep
countries afloat in emergencies, have been
ended in 18 countries.
And Israel and Greece are close to taking
the same step as Taiwan: ending all eco-
nomic aid. Major progress has been made in
India, Pakistan, and Turkey to mention only
a few.
The success of Free China is not only an
inspiration to the United States but to these
other developing countries. Our old friends
out there have done well.
The eyes of all of southeast Asia are upon
them. The success of the Republic of China
has renewed the determination of the entire
area. And President Johnson is determined
to help these countries succeed.
On April 7, the President advocated a
sweeping program that could create one of
the most dramatic changes in the economic
life of the area in its entire history.
"The vast Mekong River," the President
pointed out, "can provide food and water and
power on a scale to dwarf even our own
TVA."
Development of the Mekong to harness
power, irrigate thirsty lands, control the
flooding during the rainy season, and even
provide a means of navigation was part of
a new billion-dollar proposal by the Presi-
dent.
He commented that, "We often say how
impressive power Is. But." he said, "I do
not find it impressive at all. The guns and
bombs are all symbols of human failure. A
dam built across a great river is impres-
sive. A rich harvest In a hungry land
is impressive. These, not mighty arms, are
the achievements which the American Na-
tion believes to be impressive."
Heat and history still hang heavy in south-
east Asia. You can't paint tiger's teeth on
a stethoscope or a tree sprayer, but at least
the same feeling is also there. We intend
to win. And it helps to think back to an-
other time when another group of tough men
fought a lonely battle-and won.
BANK MERGER BILL
(Mr. MOORHEAD (at the request of
Mr. BINGHAM) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, I
have today introduced a bill to amend the
Bank Merger Act to provide that the ap-
proval of a merger by a Federal banking
supervisory agency shall exempt a trans-
action from the antitrust laws unless it is
promptly contested in court by the At-
torney General.
In cases found by the approving agency
to be emergencies requiring expeditious
action, the exemption from the antitrust
laws would be automatic and immediate.
Most cases, however, would be gov-
erned by the 7-day waiting period pro-
vided in paragraph (2) (B), as proposed
to be added by the bill. Banking agency
approval would become final and would
exempt the transaction from the anti-
trust laws unless within 7 days the Attor-
ney General announced 'his intention to
bring suit.
In effect, paragraph (2) (B) would en-
act into law the present procedure fol-
lowed by the Federal Reserve Board.
That agency generally makes the effec-
tive date of its approvals under the Bank
Merger Act 1 week after annoucement,
thus giving the Attorney General an op-
portunity to file suit if he is so disposed.
Under the bill, an announcement by
the Attorney General of his intention to
file suit, rather than the actual com-
mencement of litigation within the first
7 days after announcement of approval
would be sufficient to hold the matter
open, but only if the Attorney General
followed through by actually filing suit
within the first 30 days after announce-
ment of approval.
Finally, if the Attorney General were
unsuccessful in the litigation, then the
merger would be unconditionally exempt.
Section 2 of the bill would uncondi-
tionally exempt all mergers consum-
mated before the date of enactment.
Text of the bill follows:
H.R. 8388
A bill to amend the Bank Merger Act to
provide that the approval of a bank merger
by the appropriate supervisory agency
shall be conclusive unless promptly con-
tested in court by the Attorney General,
and for other purposes
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Representatives of the United States of
America in Congress assembled, That section
18(c) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act
(12 U.S.C. 1828(c)) is amended (1) by in-
serting "(1)" immediately after "(c)", and
(2) by adding at the end thereof the follow-
ing new paragraphs:
"(2) The approval pursuant to paragraph
(1) by the appropriate Federal banking
supervisory agency of any merger shall be-
come conclusive, and the transaction shall
become exempt from the antitrust laws, upon
the happening of any of the following
events:
"(A) A determination, published by the
approving agency with its approval of a
merger, that the situation is an emergency
requiring expeditious action.
"(B) The expiration of a period of seven
days beginning on the first day following the
day of the publication of approval, during
which the Attorney General has neither
brought nor published his intention to bring
an action to prohibit the consummation of
the merger.
"(C) The expiration of a period of thirty
days, beginning on the first day after the
publication of approval, during which the
Attorney General has failed to bring an
action to prevent the consummation of the
merger.
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67800446R000300190018-0
May 24, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX
historians, are, essential, to an explanation months, 36 months, 80 months or any other
of what is being Justly celebrated as the long- arbitrary length of time."
est economic expansion in recent history. The Council members share the econo-
The evidence indicates that the current mist's reluctance to write what might be a
upswing, while unbroken, has not proceeded premature epitaph for the business cycle.
Smoothly along its upward course. A sharp
rebound soon regained the ground lost dur-
ing the 1960-61 recession. But early in 1962
the vigor of the expansion began to ebb.
And by the late spring a chorus of Cassan-
dras was busily prognosticating the onset of
the fifth, postwar recession.
The fatigue that almost ended with the
death of the expansion in the autumn of
1962 provides a classic example of the man-
ner in which economic and psychological for-
ces interact. On the economic side, a num-
ber of factors were responsible for the per-
sistence of excess capacity and a low level
of profits. There was the fiscal drag of the
high, wartime tax rates.. There.was the re-
structive policy of the Federal Reserve au-
thorities that halted the growth of the money
supply by mid-1962. But the most menacing
blow came from the political and psychologi-
cal side. The President Kennedy did not gain
the full confidence of the. business commu-
nity in 1960, and his reservoir of good will
was sorely depleted by the ugly dispute over
steel prices and the sharp break in the stock
market, both. of which occurred in the fate-
ful spring of 1962.
What turned .the tide and saved the ex-
pansion from an untimely death was the
Kennedy administration's shift toward a
genuinely expansive economic policy. The
investment credit provisions of the 1962 Rev-
enue Act and reform of the, depreciation
guidelines were moves that helped to check
the further erosion of business confidence.
But the crucial turning point in business ex-
pectations coincided with the administra-
tion's active commitment to reduce income
taxes. When the drive to cut taxes began
to take Shape early in 1963, the volume of
new orders placed with durable goods in-
dustries rose sharply, presaging the expan-
sion of capital outlays that followed.
The revival of confidence would not, of
course, have been sufficient to propel the
economy along the path of rapid growth.
-There were other favorable factors. Nearly
57 percent of the automobiles in 1962 were
over 5 years old, a factor which set the stage
for the subsequent boom in new car sales.
Price stability played a significant role in
the striking expansion of U.S. exports. Since
1961 private exports have risen from $20
billion to an annual level-of nearly $28 bil-
lion. Finally, the stability of wages, by per-
mitting unit labor, costs to decline, con-
tributed greatly to the growth of profits,
profits which in turn stimulated investment.
The first editorial--ended with the question
of whether the upswing has been sustained
by accident 'or design. The answer is that it
was design-the pursuit of appropriate eco-
nomic policies culminating in the tax cut
of 1984-that tipped the scales. Our final
editorial in this series will discuss the meas-
ures that must be taken to strengthen eco-
nomic policy in the future.
THE LONG UPSWING-III
There was a time when Americans, like
the figures in a Greek tragedy, looked upon
the recurrence of economic recessions as a
phenomenon over which mere mortals have
no control. But the times have changed.
The President's. Council of Economic Ad-
visers, in its report on the long upswing,
states that: "It is premature to say that
business cycles have been eliminated. But
we noC4 know that there is no necessary
reason why an expansion must end in 26
They are painfully aware of the fact that
consumers will not continue to buy 8 or 9
million cars each year, that housing markets
can be saturated, that narrowing profit mar-
gins can sour businessmen's expectations and
cause the volume of investment in new capi-
tal equipment to decline. These develop-
ments are inherent in an enterprise economy,
but they need not produce recurrent slumps
in aggregative business activity. Wise Gov-
ernment policies, by mitigating and re-
versing the forces of recession can so limit
economic fluctuations that they are mani-
fested only as changes, speedups and slow-
downs, in the rate of economic growth.
The experience of the past 51 months
proves beyond any doubt that there are
effective fiscal and monetary tools avail-
able for mitigating cyclical fluctuations. But
although the tax cut of 1964 has proved a
stunning success, the arsenal of policy weap-
ons is far from adequate.
It should not in the future require 18
months of debate to convince the Congress
and the American people that the economy
can be stimulated by tax reduction. But a
considerable period of time would still have
to elapse between the appearance of the first
danger signal and the time when Congress
could be expected to act to reduce taxes.
It is this delay that weakens the defense
against recessions. Until the Congress grants
the President limited authority to reduce
payroll taxes-or at the very least estab-
lishes special, emergency procedures for deal-
ing with White House requests for tax reduc-
tion-the economy will ontinue to be vul-
nerable to business cycl
Endorsement of Vietnam Policy by
Chicago Circle Young Republicans
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Hon. EVERETT McKINLEY DIRKSEN
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. President, I sub-
mit a resolution adopted by the Chicago
Circle Young Republicans dated April
22, 1965, with respect to our policy in
Vietnam and ask that it be printed in
the Appendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
RESOLUTION ADOPTED BY THE CHICAGO CIRCLE
YOUNG REPUBLICANS, APRIL 22, 1965
Whereas U.S. military personnel are in
South Vietnam at the request of the South
Vietnamese Government,
Whereas these forces are assisting the
Vietnamese Government in fighting armed
Communist aggression.
Whereas the U.S. current policy in Viet-
nam is one of peace through firmness and
not one of defeat: Therefore be it
Resolved, We, the Chicago Circle Young
Republicans endorse the U.S. current policy
in Vietnam; be it further
Resolved, We do not approve of those
groups which advocate a cessation of the
current Vietnamese policy.
A2563
Short Talk Before the Boy Scouts Black-
-.hawk Council in Rockford, Ill.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN B. ANDERSON
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. ANDERSON of Illinois. Mr.
Speaker, it was our great good fortune
to have as our speaker at the annual
dinner meeting of the Blackhawk Area
Council, Boy Scouts of America in Rock-
ford, Ill., on May 16, 1965, Gen. James
H. Doolittle. His long and distinguished
career in aviation has made him a truly,
legendary hero. It would be difficult in-
deed to select from his career any par-
ticular event, so many and varied have
been his exploits. In World War II his
leadership in both the Pacific and in
North Africa was a decisive element in
our ultimate victory over the Axis
Powers. However, even more significant
than his wartime exploits is the fact
that he has served as a hero for the boys
of America-a man to whom they could
look for inspiration because of his valor,
patriotism, and great contributions to
the field of aviation.
America will forever be indebted to
General Doolittle. Moreover, because of
his interest in the youth of America,
and particularly his recognition of
Scouting as one of our most useful tools
in molding a generation of patriotic and
self-reliant young Americans, he has
made contributions during peacetime
that equal if not exceed his great con-
tributions during time of war.
Mr. Speaker, I am pleased at this point
to include the very excellent remarks de-
livered by Gen. James Doolittle at the
Boy Scout Blackhawk Area Council
meeting. I am sure that everyone who
reads them will be impressed with the
succinct and eloquent fashion in which
General Doolittle has restated some of
our essential American beliefs:
SHORT TALK BEFORE THE Boy SCOUT
BLACKHAWK COUNCIL MEETING IN ROCKFORD,
ILL.
(By J. H. Doolittle)
I believe in the Boy Scouts and I believe
in America.
We Americans are very fortunate.
We live in the greatest country in the
world.
It has been said that our country is great
largely because of its abundant natural
resouces.
This is true, but it must be remembered
that our most important natural resoure is
our people; and the principal reason for our
greatness is the high morality, clear fore-
sight, and abundant energy--willingness to
work-of our Founding Fathers and their
successors.
We-particularly the young people who
will soon be directing the destiny of our
Nation-have a solemn obligation to protect
and perpetuate integrity, opportunity, and
freedom in America.
History teaches us that every great civiliza-
tion,, which hp flourished and fallen, has
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 24, 1965
Farm Labor To Be Political Issue,
Assemblyman Says
failed largely because of an erosion of moral And last of all they thought of themselves
values and a gradual unwillingness to exert and their personal needs.
the considerable effort necessary to continue Today many people think first of them-
to progress and to compete. selves.
In the simplest terms: Decline resulted Warranted self-confidence and justifiable
from immorality and laziness. personal pride, tempered by humility, are
People who have It too good-that is to virtues. Conceit and selfishness are vices,
say, too easy-for too long incline to get soft Nationally, instead of providing incentives
and lazy. The motive necessary for great for effort and excellence, it sometimes seems
effort and great accomplishments no longer that we act in such a way as to encourage
exists, selfishness and laziness.
They are no longer willing to work-
physicfally and mentally-and to sacrifice
in order to maintain their position and
prestige. Eventually they are unable to
compete and, when it finally becomes neces-
sary, unable to fight effectively for their
survival.
Then some more ambitious and aggressive
nation comes along and takes them over.
We must be sure that this does not happen
to us.
We have had a very high standard of liv-
ing for along time.
This is good, but we must see that it does
not make us soft.
There is a very strong tendency for this
to happen; particularly when we forego dis-
cipline and responsibility and consistently
live beyond our means.
A very wise friend of mine expresses it
succinctly by saying: "Beware the ravages of
prosperity."
Any attempt to maintain the status quo
without progress through effort-any desire
to get something for nothing-unfavorably
affects our sense of values and---over the
long haul-is doomed to failure and disap-
pointment.
Technology, which gives us many good
things and should make our lives easier, is
posing many difficult problems for which we
do not yet have answers. -
More leisure is certainly desirable, but it
is useful only if we plan the suitable em-
ployment of that leisure time.
Time is a valuable commodity. We must
not; waste it.
Certainly we must help our less fortunate
brothers. Jesus said: "Thou shalt love thy
neighbor as thyself." It is our duty to serve
our fellow man. But the most valuable help
we can give a person-or another nation-is
to mist them in achieving the ability-and
in some cases the desire-to help themselves.
Education and training are prime in-
gredients of this help; and we must furnish
encouragement and incentives to stimulate
effort.
We must help in such a way as to assure
that shiftlessness Is not encouraged and that
the dole does not become a way of life.
Abraham Lincoln said: "You.cannot estab-
lish sound security by spending more than
you earn. You cannot build character and
courage by taking away man's initiative and
independence. You cannot help men per-
manently by doifig for them what they could
and should do for themselves."
If I may indulge in a gross oversimplifica-
tion of the problem: It seems to me that a
fundamental problem in America today is a
change in order-an inversion--by many
people, of our basic national values.
Our forefathers inclined to think of God,
country, occupation, family and friends, and
finally self; in that order.
They were religious and put worship of God
before everything else.
They were patriotic and were willing to
work, sacrifice and, if necessary, die for their
ideals and for their country.
They worked hard and had pride of work-
manship and pride of accomplishment.
We are so anxious to protect the rights
of the individual that we frequently, in try-
ing to do so, interfere with the smooth func-
tioning of the body politic. We violate the
rights of others.
I believe that everyone, regardless of race,
color or creed, has the right to think, say and
do exactly as he chooses, up to the point
where he begins to interfere with the rights
of others.
Forgetting the obligation which is a con-
comitant part of personal freedom is one of
the problems which is plaguing us today.
After having taken carte of their personal
problems some people next incline to think
of family and friends. What can they get
for them?
Work, to many, has become largely a means
to an end. It permits them to eat.
It is rarely that the worker today works for
the sheer pleasure of doing. That is, unless
he is doing some one, not some thing.
Patriotism. Perhaps the simplest diction-
ary definition of patriotism is love of country.
To me patriotism represents a code to live
by. The late, great General MacArthur, in
his final address to the Corps at West Point,
described it in three words: "honor, duty,
country."
To my distress patriotism is often belittled
as an old-fashioned, unenlightened and un-
worthy emotion.
Well, when I can hear "The Star-Spangled
Banner" and see our flag pass by and not
feel an emotion in my heart and mind, and
a lump in my throat-that I have indeed
lived long enough.
And far too many people give only lip
service-or no service at all-to God, to love,
to the Golden Rule and to an ethical stand-
ard of conduct,
I am convinced that much of the trouble
here in America-and throughout the world-
is because of the reversal of those five funda-
mental values.
I speak, of course, in generalities and on
the average. Certainly we have many God-
fearing, patriotic, hard-working people in
America today-and certainly some of our
ancestors were stinkers.
But equally certainly we are not improv-
ing as a people and as a nation as rapidly
as we might-and should.
How well we would do if all of our people
were to live in accordance with the Boy
Sout law and the Boy Scout oath.
We would all be trustworthy, loyal, help-
ful, friendly, courteous, kind, obedient,
cheerful, thrifty, brave, clean, and reverent.
We would do our duty to God and country,
we would help others at all times and would
keep ourselves physically strong, mentally
awake, and morally straight.
Let's all live as we recommend that the
Boy Scouts live. We will have-and continue
to have-an even better, fairer, finer, strong-
er America.
What a wonderful example we will set for
the rest of the world.
And someday perhaps, when people, every-
where, improve, our morality, honesty, com-
passion, justice, responsibility, intelligence,
energy, courage, and strength may be instru-
They loved their family and a friend was mental in achieving what all people of good
a cherished possession, But family and will hope for: An understanding, friendly,
friends came after God, country and work, and peaceful world.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON'. JAMES B. UTT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, under unani-
mous consent to insert my remarks in
the Appendix of the RECORD, I wish to
include, an article appearing in the San
Diego Union on May 15, 1965. This ar-
ticle fully supports the statements I made
2 weeks ago on the floor of this House.
(By Arthur Ribbel)
SACRAMENTO,-The lack of farm labor in
California, emphasized by crops rotting on
the ground, will be a political issue next
year, according to a veteran legislator, As-
semblyman Alan Pattee, Republican, of
Salinas.
Pattee, a rancher, represents a district
where crops, notably strawberries, have rot-
ted on the ground for the lack of workers
to harvest them.
Pattee and Senator Fred Farr, Demcrat,
of Carmel, in the same district, recently dis-
tributed boxes of strawberries from Salinas
to legislators and newsmen at the capitol,
with attached cards saying "SOS-Save Our
Strawberries,"
The worker shortage occurred after Con-
gress failed to extend the Mexican farm la-
bor (bracero) program which ended Decem-
ber 31. Since then, the State and Fed-
eral Government employment experts have
been trying to enlist enough domestic work-
ers to fill the gap. Growers said they have
failed.
CHALLENGE ISSUED
Pattee put the trouble into the political
arena when he said, "I hope that rotting
food in the fields will be thoroughly photo-
graphed and documented so that in future
elections the failure of Washington and. Sac-
ramento administrations can be made per-
fectly plain."
Not long afterward, Representative JAMES
B. Urr, Republican, of Santa Ana, demanded
the impeachment of Governor Brown for the
farm labor situation.
Pattee criticized the administration of U.S.
Secretary of Labor Willard Wirtz, who has
said he would not recommend any foreign
workers be imported into California until
domestic workers were placed in the fields.
CALLED "WHIMS"
"Never in the history of this democracy
have we seen the entire economy of a
State * * * from fields to the grocery
shelves * * * dependent on the unknowl-
edgeable whims of one man 2,500 miles
away," said Pattee, referring to Wirtz.
"The entire situation has been a mess from
the beginning," Pattee said.
"First the Governor failed to go directly to
the President to seek assistance in getting
in motion the negotiations with Mexico for
supplemental help," Pattee said.
"Then the Secretary of Labor came out
here with a closed mind and tried to learn in
4 days about one of the most complex
problems to confront any State. Later, in-
stead of selecting a panel of knowledgeable
growers, labor people and industrial leaders,
he selected three academic professors to pass
judgment."
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved
May 24, 1965
For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0?
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Though Washington has grown a.great deal
more determined of late, we suspect there's
still doubt in some places abroad that it has
found the full and final solution, especially
in demanding voluntary restraint. on Ameri-
can investing and lending overseas. When a
company brings back capital 'it has in, say,
France or Germany, it cannot bring it back
again and again.
America's dollars, in short, are no longer
considered abroad to be such. fine. things
to have and to hold. Nor is the U.S.
situation exactly unique. Britain's pounds
hardly have the same international popular-
ity they enjoyed before London begain having
its own balance-of-payments troubles, and
the currencies of many other nations have
experienced much sharper drops in world
esteem.
In the circumstances, it's perhaps under-
standable that a lot of people in London,
Washington, and elsewhere talk of getting
together _to create a new form of inter-
national currency that everyone will have
faith in, The fallacy of that approach is
that a new world currency in reality could
not be sounder than the individual curren-
cies on which it would be based.
A_ much more promising approach, it seems
to us, would be to start building up the
strength of the individual currencies. While
Washington can't do much about the moneys
of other nations, it could do a lot for the
dollar if it would give up the notion of always
inflating the economy to ever-expanding
prosperity with artificially easy money, high
spending, and big budget deficits.
Perhaps the world's monetary machinery
could use some overhauling; in our changing
world our institutions often have to be
brought up to date. But in the end the over-
haul will be self-defeating if the mechanics
persist in believing that by fixing up the
international, machinery they can forever
avoid those long overdue fiscal and monetary
repairs right at home.
Swift Action in the Caribbean
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. JOHN J. McFALL
or CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. McFALL. Mr. Speaker, the
Stockton, Calif., Record on May 7
printed a fine editorial appraising Presi-
dent Johnson's swift action in the Do-
minican Republic.
While many may debate the wisdom of
these actions, I am certain the'vast ma-
jority of Americans support the Presi-
dent. His decisive action, did at least
two things for which we owe a debt of
gratitude-lives were saved, and com-
munism was thwarted from establishing
another Red tyranny in the Western
Hemisphere.
The RECORD editorial follows:
UNITED STATES DOES THE JOB AS CRITICS
ARGUE
With the Dominican crisis sputtering to an
end, at least in its shooting phase, second-
guessers are arguing over the wisdom of
President Jo%nsoxa's -rapid dispatching of
American troops to their first landing on the
soil of a Latin nation in more than a
generation.
One question that puzzles some critics is
whether or not there ever really was any
danger of a Communist takeover of the
Dominican Republic. The New York Times.
for one, observed that since American troops
had intervened, "no one any longer will be
able to prove or disprove the thesis that
a rebel victory would have brought_a Com-
munist government to Santo Domingo."
Presumably, the President should have
waited until the new government had signed
a trade agreement with the Soviet Union and
Russian technicians had begun arriving, per-
haps being spared from their duties in Cuba.
Others decry the great damage done the
good neighbor policy and the concept of in-
ter-American cooperation and equality and
nonintervention in internal affairs, so labori-
ously built up over the years, by this alleged
return to "gunboat diplomacy."
The fact is, however, that the Dominican
revolution would have long been over before
the Organization of American States' could
have decided on the need for action, and
taken such action, had the United States
sat back and waited upon its advice and
consent.
The whole Dominican question, of-course,
should be debated in the councils of the
OAS. But it is thanks to the United States
that the problem confronting us and our
Latin fellow members today is that of build-
ing stable democracy in the Dominican Re-
public and not what to do about another
Communist foothold in the Western Hemi-
sphere.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GLENN CUNNINGHAM
OF NEBRASKA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. CUNNINGHAM, Mr. Speaker, as
the author of legislation aimed at com-
bating the obscenity racket in the
United States, I would like to commend
the General Federation of . Women's
Clubs upon one of their current 'proj-
ects. The 9 million members of the gen-
eral federation, which I am proud to say
is presided over by a fellow Nebraskan,
Mrs. William H. Hasebroock, have taken
up the fight to stop the traffic in pornog-
raphy among children. This is a most
worthwhile endeavor on the part of these
energetic and civic-minded women.
I think the Members of this distin-
guished body will be interested in an
article which appeared in the Operation
Yorkville newsletter, outlining the cam-
paign that is being waged by the women
of this country against the smut ped-
dlers.
[From the Operation Yorkville, April-May
1965]
WOMEN OF THE YEAR-GENERAL FEDERATION
OF WOMEN'S CLUBS
(By Mrs. William H. Hasebroock, president)
Members of the General Federation of
Women's Clubs-9 million strong across the
Nation-have taken up the fight to stop the
traffic in pornography among children.
Spearheaded by the dynamic and dedicated
Mrs. William H. Hasebroock, the drive was
begun in November of 1964, when Mrs. Hase-
broock said in that month's issue of the
federation's national. magazine, the Club-
woman: "Join. your general federation in this
crusade to rid our newsstands of morally
destructive magazines."
Mrs. Hasebroock called upon federation
clubs across the Nation to "* * * join us in
this national campaign. I ask you to work
in your communities to elimigate these
A257.1
detrimental magazines from our newsstands."
She said: "In recent months I have received
a large amount of mail from clubwomen in
all sections of the country protesting the
emphasis on salaciousness which has gained
such newsstand prominence. Consider this:
surveys reveal that young people comprise a
major part of the readership of these maga-
zines. The results are matters of court rec-
ords * * * sex crimes, shocking rises in social
disease in teenagers, the total result is a low-
ering of our moral standards, the lives of
young people blighted in their teens. It is
due time that we clubwomen rise up and
attack this problem, beginning with our in-
dividual communities * * *. Flagrant disre-
gard of public opinion and public welfare
cannot continue indefinitely. There is, in-
evitably, a day of reckoning. I hope this
day now have arrived."
Once this opening salvo had been sounded,
subsequent issues of the Clubwoman carried
plans for community action: "Familiarize
yourself with the obscenity laws in your
town and State; appoint letter writing com-
mittees; stay clear of censorship; pass a res-
olution; enlist the support of other com-
munity groups and clubs."
Response to the call and to the guide-
post for community action was immediate
and overwhelming. Typical was a resolu-
tion passed by a Missouri group: "Be it re-
solved that the Quester's Club of Grandview,
Mo., representing concerned mothers, joins
with the other mothers and housewives of the
General Federation of Women's Clubs in a
nationwide crusade to remove from our news-
stands, offensive and character-undermining
sex magazines."
Pornography pushers have been put on
notice. Nine million mothers represent a
formidable fighting force. It was the general
federation clubwomen who played a major
role in the passage of the child labor laws;
who followed through on the establishment
of the children's bureau and legislation for
child welfare and maternal care. And they
were the motivating force that created the
Food and Drug Administration.
Deserving of special mention in the Feder-
ation campaign is Mrs. Mary McGinn Taylor,
editor of the Clubwoman for her excellent
coverage of the problem and presentation of
campaign plans.
A fine example of what these women's
clubs are doing is contained in resolutions
recently passed by the California Fed-
eration of Women's Clubs, as follows:
RESOLUTION OF CALIFORNIA FEDERATION OF
WOMEN'S CLUBS
Whereas publishers and distributors of
obscene material have taken advantage of the
present definition "obscenity" as found in
section 311 of the California Penal Code to
vastly increase the publication in California
and the distribution from within the State
of such material: Therefore
Resolved, That the California Federation
of Women's Clubs in convention assembled
May 12, 1965, Los Angeles, Calif., urge its
membership to redouble their efforts to im-
press upon all State legislators the necessity
of making such changes in the above defini-
tion as will facilitate convictions in this field.
RESOLUTION BY THE MAR VISTA WOMAN'S CLUB,
Los ANGELES, CALIF.
The Mar Vista Woman's Club of the Marina
District No. 18, CFWC of the GFWC
passed the following resolution on April 12,
1965.
Whereas California's law on obscenity is
extremely-weak, having been severely dam-
aged by the 1961 amendment to the code;
and
Whereas California is now flooded with ob-
scene publications; which have become wide-
ly available to our youth; and
Approved For Release 2003/11/04 : -CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0-
 A2572
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 24, 1965
Whereas the U.S. Senate Investigating
Committee on Juvenile Delinquency has
found that 75 to 90 percent of all filthy litera-
ture eventually reaches the hands of teen-
agers and younger children; and
Whereas many of the pornographic publi-
cations available in California are little more
tlian? handbooks in violence, crime, and per-
version, dealing with all manner of im-
morality; and
Whereas these pornographic publications
seek to degrade and destroy respect for the
professions and institutions which we would
encourage our children to honor; and
Whereas the sanctity of marriage and the
home is ridiculed; and
Whereas there is an urgent need for an
amendment to the California Penal Code to
strengthen the State's antiobscenity law:
Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Mar Vista Woman's
Club of Marina District No. 18 of the Cali-
fornia Federation of Women's Clubs of the
General Federation of Women's Clubs calls
upon the government of the State of Cali-
fornia to take official cognizance of this criti-
cal situation. We call upon the administra-
tion to provide leadership in taking action to
protect our youth from the flood of printed
filth now available on our newsstands, and
urge the California Legislature to adopt cor-
rective legislation, and that copies of this
resolution be sent to Gov. Edmund G. Brown
and State Assemblyman Jesse M. Unruh,
State Capitol Building, Sacramento, Calif.,
and to other women's clubs of Marina Dis-
trict.
Signed this 12th day of April 1966.
Mrs. RICHARD SPRAGUE,
President
Mrs. VERNON L. GARRETT,
Secretary.
Vietnam Report-Part I
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOE L. EVINS
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak-
er, a distinguished editor and journalist,
Mr. John Seigenthaler, editor of the
Nashville Tennessean, has been touring
the tortured countryside of Vietnam as
an observer and writer.
He is writing a series of articles on
this tour that provide fresh insight and
added perspective into the situation
there. I believe these reports will be of
wide general interest.
Under unanimous consent, I include
this series of articles--published in the
Nashville Tennessean-in the Appendix
of the RECORD.
The first of this series, Part I, Vietnam
Report, is as follows:
TERROR IN THE SUN-VIETNAM: A LAND OF
WAR, SIESTAS
(By John Seigenthaler)
SAIGON, May 16--Something less than 48
hours before this was written I was in the
cool, comfortable, and secure offices of the
Nashville Tenneseansaying goodbye tostaff
members as I left on, this trip.
Now I am halfway around the world in
hot, uncomfortable, insecure Vietnam, where
life and labor are cheap-and where the
U.S. Government spends more than $1 mil-
lion a day on the business of war.
As I took my leave from Nashville, Amon
Carter Evans, publisher of the Tennessean,
shook my hand and we laughed as he asked:
"Are you sure you don't want to back out
before it is too late?"
Admittedly, that idea has crossed my mind
in the 2 months that elapsed since I was
invited by the Department of Defense to
come and see first hand how the war goes.
I considered declining the invitation last
month after Communist explosives blasted
our Embassy. I considered backing out
again as U.S. airstrikes against the Viet-
cong and North Vietnam continued to build
tension and danger in this part of the world.
And I considered it just last week when I
read that military officials believe the Viet-
cong are building up for a retaliatory attack
somewhere in South Vietnam. American
officials expect the response to come after
the start of the heavy rains, later this
month.
TWO-WEEK TRIP
I had wanted to come to Vietnam when I
was first invited. And while I wavered-
slightly, but never seriously-as the situa-
tion heated up, I am still extremely anxious
to travel across this country, observing and
learning what I can about this sensitive and
sometimes dangerous war that concerns the
freedom of all of southeast Asia-and,_per-
haps, the ultimate freedom of the world.
It is impossible on a 2-week trip to an-
alyze in depth the problems plaguing any
country-much less complex and confused
Vietnam. But I hope to observe the effects
of the war; to talk with the Vietnamese-
the man on the street, the politician, the
fighting man; to confer with American ci-
vilians working to build the economic struc-
ture in this country; to interview American
soldiers who are engaged in the direction of
the war; the wounded who are cursing st-
and to try to bring home a clearer under-
standing of where we are going in this effort.
And I hope to be able to put to Americans
in Vietnam the same question the publisher
put to me as I left Nashville: "Are you sure
we don't want to back out before it is too
late?"
From the air, Vietnam today seems to be
a country at peace. We flew in from Manila
by commercial airline-as casually as if we
were flying from Memphis to Nashville. The
very fact that commercial airlines still fly
the daily trip from Manila to Saigon to
Singapore was a surprise to me.
Looking down on the lush, green rolling
hills and valleys, Vietnam seems not unlike
the countryside in middle Tennessee. The
Saigon River, a meandering little stream,
curves across the land toward the central
city, as does the Cumberland. From 20,000
feet Vietnam looks like just another sleepy
countryside.
But suddenly the pilot of the airliner re-
minds his passengers thatthere is something
more than farmlands and wood and streams
below.
"I am required to remind our passengers,"
he announced over the intercom, "that it is
a violation of the laws of the South Viet-
namese Government to take any photographs
from an aircraft over Vietnam."
Almost every passenger on the half-filled
jet strained his eyes, to discover what secret
armaments were below. Nothing could be
seen. -There was no evidence of a war or
violence. There were no explosions; no
orange bursts of gunfire; no troop move-
ments; no bomb craters scarring the earth.
FRENCH INFLUENCE
I had been told that the influence of the
French-for years colonial masters of Viet-
nam before they were driven out in 1954-
is still apparent. And it is. The second
language here is French. The huge picture
on the wall of the hotel room where I am
now sitting is of the Are de Triomphe.
Many of the buildings reflect the design of
the French. Menus in restaurants reflect
the tastes of the French and almost every-
thing from. bathrooms to teenaged boys
named Jacques leave no doubt that the
French were here.
But Saigon is poor and dirty and run down,
indicating that the French left some of their
culture and little else.
The dominant and overpowering influence
obvious here now,. however, is not French
but American. As our airplane taxied to the
terminal at Tan Son Nhut Airport, clusters of
American-made helicopters could be seen
taking off and landing on the outskirts of
the field. Giant C--130 cargo planes, clearly
marked "U.S. Air Force," line the parking
area. Many among the more than 100 planes
I saw bore the familiar tail marking of r:,
lightning bolt through a shield. These planes
came here from Sewart Air Force Base.
THIRTY-SEVEN THOUSAND SOLDIERS
Everywhere in Saigon are American sol-
diers. They scramble all over the airport.
They fill the sidewalks, the restaurants, the
taxicabs-there are 37,000 of them here as of
announcement today. American music
blares from radios in the hotel lobby.
The square in front of the city's largest;
Catholic church is named "John F. Kennedy
Square." Hotel employees and waiters in
restaurants are making a major effort to keep
pace with the American mood sweeping the
country.
"Walcome to owah hotel," the registration
clerk said as he placed a card before another
newsman and me. We flew here together.
He quickly added: "Sorry. No single rooms.
Double rooms only."
Saigon, a city of 2 million, is not a city or
convenience. The war has brought people
here from all over the world-an estimated
100 newspapermen are now here, most or
them on a short-term basis. There is only
one air-conditioned hotel and reservations
must be made weeks in advance. It is a
bustling, busy city as Asian metropolitan cen -
ters go. And the sight of so many people
moving so fast, going about whatever is their
business, can lead a visitor to the false con-
clusion that this is a city at ease, surrounded
by war.
Walk along the crowded streets and observe
these native inhabitants-short, slender
brown little people, with large almond eyes--
and it is hard to understand that this, their
community, is alive with terror. Women,
wearing the native Ao Dat dress, seem un-
concerned as they shop, many of them walk-
ing along with their children, hand in hand.
A constant flow of tiny taxicabs pours by the
hotels on the corner of Tu Do (Liberty)
Duong (Street) at Le Loi (the name of a for-
mer president) Duong. Hundreds of bicycles,
carrying men, women, and children, vie with
the cabs for space at the intersection. No-
body seems to be aware, or care that the
Vietcong may be somewhere among them,
preparing to create new terror, with bombs
and bullets.
We arrived just before noon and the road
was jammed with traffic as we started- from
the airport to the hotel. However, shortly
after our arrival Saigon closed up shop-as it
does every day between the hours of noon
and 2:30 p.m. The heat and humidity are
oppressive.
OFFICE CLOSED
Custom simply requires that everybody
take a nap-a frustrating tradition that
American fighting men can't understand.
Shortly after my arrival I went to the office
for national press accreditation but even this
office was closed. Only a janitor was on hand
to announce that those who worked in the
business office would be back at 2:30.
How strange for a nation at war to go to
sleep each day at high noon. And yet I am
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
May 24, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
told that tonight in Saigon we will hear the
Vietcong mortar fire in the hills.
A careful look around town, however,
makes it clear that there is a war. Three
blocks from the hotel is the Drinks bachelor
officers quarters which was blasted by a Com-
munist bomb last Christmas eve night. Some
of those quarters are still under repair. I
visited the Embassy to talk with Robert
Burke, a member of the staff who is current
on political affairs.
All around the Embassy a white barrier of
barrels and bars has been put up. This was
thrown around the building after the explo-
sion last month which tore into the Embassy.
A gaping hole is still only partially filled in
the street and the business establishment
across the street, which was blown up, still
remains an empty hull.
An armed military policeman at the en-
trance to the Embassy told me he thought
Vietnamese officials had delayed repairing the
business house so that it would remind the
Vietnamese people of the cruelty of the
Vietcong in bombing a business owned by
one of their own people.
Upstairs in the Embassy Burke conducted
a political briefing in the waiting room of
Ambassador Maxwell Taylor. The room usu-
ally reserved for such briefings, he said, is
still under repair.
In front of Thu Vien Abraham, Lincoln, the
USIA library, there is a barrier identical to
the one surrounding the Embassy. There has
been no bombing there.
Comdr. Joseph N. Williams, Jr., who is a
Nashvillian, and who heads thpp information
office here, said a bombing of the library could
come-but the Vietcong would damage its
ov& cause with such a blast,
"Our library is an extremely popular place,"
he explained. If the Vietcong bomb our
library they will be very unpopular in the
eyes of the people who enjoy the library's
facilities."
Axid still the barricade is there. to ,make
it more difficult for anyone who might decide
to attack an unprotected symbol of American
democracy.
And so while today Saigon seems placid,
there are fresh scars of war-and fear for the
future.
Col. Frank W. Chesrow: Papal
Chamberlain
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE. OF. REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, an ar-
ticle .appeared in the May 20, 1965, issue
of the Sentinel, the voice of Chicago
Jewry for 50 years, about Col. Frank W.
Chesrow, a papal chamberlain.
Col. Frank Chesrow has been presi-
dent of the Metropolitan Sanitary Dis-
trict of Chicago since 1958. He served
with the American forces in World War
II in Naples where he did an outstand-
ing job in the field of sanitation. For
30 years Colonel Chesrow has served the
community of Chicago in many worth-
while charities and is one of the out-
standing lay Catholic leaders of our
country.
I should also like to mention that he
is the son of Italian parents who mi-
grated to this country. Five of their
sons became professional people, two
doctors, one a lawyer, one a dentist, and
A2573
Colonel Chesrow, who is a graduate The President's Boyhood Home
pharmacist.
It is my pleasure to insert the article
about Colonel Chesrow, which follows:
LEAVES FOR ROME-CHESROW USED INFLUENCE
WITH POPES To AID JEWISH SCHEMA
(By Bob Gale and Max S. Steiner)
The constant insistence of one of the Na-
tion's top Catholic laymen may have been
responsible for the church's declaration ab-
solving the Jews of deicide, it was learned
by the Sentinel in an exclusive interview
this week.
Col. Frank W. Chesrow, a papal cham-
berlain of the Roman Catholic Church, left
the United States Tuesday for Rome, where
he will be in conference with Vatican officials.
Vatican leaders, under the leadership of
Cardinal Augustine Bea, are discussing the
declaration "with a view toward retaining
the strong statement taking the blame for
the death of Jesus Christ from the Jews,"
Colonel Chesrow said, just before leaving
for Italy.
He related his "lifelong dream to achieve
the great goal of brotherhood, by convincing
the Catholic Church to once and for all re-
move the basic reason for persecution-the
alleged killing of Christ."
. The colonel said that, "I could not rec-
oncile in my mind blame for the death of
Christ with the very fine character" of many
persons of Jewish faith whom he has known
over the years in his business, professional,
and political career. Head of the Chesrow
drug family, Colonel Chesrow had been presi-
dent of the Metropolitan Sanitary District of
Greater Chicago since 1968.
"I have often marveled to my friends of the
great generous heart. of the Jewish people,
and how they rallied to causes sponsored by
religions and people not of their faith," he
said. "These people gave unstintingly to
many Catholic organizations, Institutions,
and charities without taking into account the
terrible stigma that has been placed upon
them in the last two centuries-a stigma
that was largely responsible for the callous
murder of 6 million of their coreligionists
by Hitler's terrorists.
"In my long service as a member of the
Catholic lay hierarchy, and especially as
papel chamberlain, I have been able to come
in close contact with Pope Pius XII, Pope
John XXIII, and now' Pope Paul. During
my tours of duty in the Vatican, I spent
many hours discussing first with Pope Pius
and then with Pope John the great need for
a Catholic proclamation for once and all
absolving the Jews of the sin of the death
of our Saviour..
"In the last few months," Col. Chesrow
continued, "I have been able to convince
Pope Paul to follow in the great tradition
of his beloved predecessor, Pope John, re-
garding the declaration on the Jews.
"During my service in the U.S. Army, I
fought side by side with Jews, and have
always found them to he brave and willing
to serve their country. In my, civic and
political life, I have always found the Jews
to be in the forefront of any move for
brotherhood-to protect the unity of all
peoples who believe in the ever living Al-
mighty God."
. Colonel Chesrow was first appointed a
papal chamberlain to' the Vatican (one of
two in the city of Chicago) by Pope Pius
XII and was reappointed by Pope John
and then again,by Pope Paul. He has also
earned many other Catholic honors, and is
active not only in the causes and organiza-
tions of the Italian people, but has inter-
ested himself in many other worthwhile
charities and communal endeavors.
He is a director of the Association for the
Jewish. Blind, is a trustee of Israel bonds,
and has contributed generously to many
other Jewish charities.
HON. J. J. PICKLE
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES'
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. PICKLE. Mr. Speaker, the Pres-
ident and Mrs. Johnson are most con-
cerned with the preservation of all phases
of the growth of our great Nation, that
future generations of Americans can un-
derstand and take pride in their heritage.
They are working diligently to save the
landmarks recognized as links with the
past-not only here on the Potomac, but
in all 50 States.
I would like to point out what their
home State Texas is doing to support
their nationwide project on a statewide
level.
The Texas State Historical Survey
Committee, State agency for historical
preservation, and the Texas Historical
Foundation, privately supported, non-
profit organization to supplement the
State program, are carrying out a dy-
namic, 5-year plan to save and mark
Texas unique past.
No part of Texas history is being ne-
glected, for a basic part of this program
is the guidance and leadership of more
than 3,000 volunteer workers over the
State who are charged with the respon-
sibility of preserving and marking local,
county, and State history.
Success of this far-reaching program
is measured by more than 3,000 official
Texas historical markers which dot the
State, giving short "history lessons" to
anyone who passes by, a doubling of lo-
cal history museums in the past 3 years,
the saving and restoration of historic
structures, and the appropriations by
counties amounting to more than $104,-
000 for the saving and marking of lo-
cal history in 1965.
The President and Mrs. Johnson have
personally worked on this preservation
program in Texas. They purchased in
1963 the President's boyhood home in
Johnson City. Restoration of the struc-
ture followed with Mrs. Johnson per-
sonally handling many. of the details.
Furniture gathered from the Johnson
family, pictures, mementos-all are
placed to depict the home of the Presi-
dent's youth.
This past week, the Texas State His-
torical Survey Committee awarded its
official Texas Historical Medallion for the
structure, thereby making it a recorded
Texas historical landmark, recognized by
the State for its significant contribution
to Texas culture, history, and heritage.
Directors of the Texas State Histori-
cal Survey Committee and Texas His-
torical Foundation were in attendance
as special guests.
Former presentation of the marker
was made -by Mrs. Stella Glidden, friend
of the President and Mrs. Johnson; the
invocation was given by. C. Ray Akin,
minister of the First Christian Church
of Johnson City where the President has
membership; and master of ceremonies
was Arthur Walz, chairman of the Blan-
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 A2574
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX - May 24, 1965
co County Historical Survey Commit- State Historical Survey Committee, the ex- given to and for the service of mankind a
.tee ecutive committee of the Blanco County His- great and forceful Texas legislator-Sam Ealy
The formal address was made by the torical Survey Committee and the directors Johnson, Jr.; a loving and devoted wife and
Honorable Homer Thornberry, judge, of the Blanco County Historical Association. mother whose abiding faith and lofty ideal-
U.S. District Court, Austin Tex., and I wish to thank all of these fine people for ism coronated the highest expression of
their great interest, their hard work and their family love, affection, and guidance-Rebekah
former Congressman from the 10th Con- special devotion in recognizing and in pre- Baines Johnson; and an inquiring youth who
gressional District of Texas, which I now serving the rich historical heritage of our grew into the inspiring manhood of a free
have the honor to represent. beloved State. I believe it would be fitting American because he was and still is ready
e as an Am
r
k
d t
e
-
an
o serv
Mr. Speaker, the program for this his- and proper, at this time, to give these fine and willing to wor
nrnnlp a round of annlause. ican so that freedom may not perish from
d
as
toric occasion is herewith submitte
a tribute to the President and Mrs.
Johnson and their personal preserva-
tion of our Texas and Nation's heritage:
THE PRESIDENT'S BOYHOOD HOME--PRESENTA-
TION OF THE HISTORICAL MEDALLION, MAY 13,
1965
MR. ARTHUR WALZ, CHAIRMAN, BLANCO COUNTY
HISTORICAL SURVEY COMMITTEE
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, wel-
come to this program. My name is Arthur
Walz; I live here in Blanco County and I was
requested to serve as master of ceremonies.
In asking for our opening prayer, there are
many of us who are acquainted with the wise
counsel the prayers of Pastor Akin have of-
fered to us on many occasions and under
many different circumstances. To those of
you not acquainted with Pastor Akin, I am
proud to tell you that for more than 30 years
he has, combined the honored profession of
teaching with the high calling of a man of
God. At the present time he is an educator in
the public schools of Austin and for more
than 5 years has been the pastor of the First
Christian Church of Johnson City-the
church in which the President holds mem-
bership. At this time I call upon Pastor C.
Ray Akin to give our invocation,
REVEREND AKIN
Eternal God, with full and thankful hearts
we are assembled in this place; we are con-
scious of the benefit received as we draw
inspiration from treasured memories and
associations, thereby gaining uplift of spirit
to live more effectively in the present, and
to face the future with hope.
We are thankful for the family whose name
this residence bears and for the son of that
family whose outstanding leadership In our
Nation and world is advancing justice and
human rights and causing the light of hope
to shine for countless thousands of
disadvantaged.
Bless this house, 0 God; grant that to all
who enter these premises may come the thrill
of being in touch with the living past--a
sense of being close to times and surround-
ings important to all because,of their special
meaning-for as they touched his life so
our lives are touched.
May this home be regarded by all as a
shrine to be preserved and cherished as an
object of interest and a source of pride.
In-Jesus name we pray. Amen.
MR. WAL,Z
Thank you Pastor Akin for your inspiring
prayer.
Ladies and gentlemen, we sincerely and
heartily welcome you and we do appreciate
your sacrifice of personal time and private
has been the earnest desire and fond hope of
the people of Blanco County to see this boy-
hood home as it is now; to realize and to
know that It will be used to serve our Com-
munity needs in -a great many different ways;
and, through the graciousness of its owners,
visitation by the public will enshrine its
beauty, its charm and its memories in the
hearts of all Americans today and forever
more. And now the time has come to memo-
rialize this Texas historic landmark and to
dedicate the boyhood home of the President.
What we say and do here bequeaths to the
heirs of eternity a remembrance on the pages
of our history in honor of the vibrant per-
sonalities identified with this boyhood home.
Ladies and gentlemen, for the award of
the certificate of merit and the presentation
of the Official Historical Medallion, there has
been chosen a gracious lady of Blanco County
whose abiding faith in her community and
its people has long been recognized by her
many friends and neighbors. Though ma-
ture in years, this lively lady is very young
in heart. She is the editor and publisher
of the Johnson City Record Courier news-
paper; she is the Postmaster of Johnson City;
she is an active member of many civic orga-
nizations and the hardest working member
of the Blanco County Historical Survey Com-
mittee; and, she Is a loving and devoted
mother and she is a life-long-friend of the
President and his family. It is, indeed, a
singular pleasure for me to present to you
the embodiment of the staunch spirit of
our early Blanco County pioneer Settlers?
Mrs. StellaGliddon.
MRS. STELLA GLIDDON
Mrs. Walz, ladies and gentlemen. I am
very pleased at this time to award to the
owners of the boyhood home of the Presi-
dent through the official sponsor, the Blanco
County Historical Association, a certificate
of merit that formally and officially desig-
nates this structure a recorded Texas historic
landmark. This Certificate reads as follows:
"The State of Texas, know all men by these
presents-that the Lyndon B. Johnson Boy-
hood Home of Blanco County has been recog-
nized by the State for its significant contribu-
tion to Texas culture, history and heritage.
This structure has been entered in the State
Archives in 1965 as a recorded Texas historic
landmark." This certificate is personally
signed by John Connally, Governor; John
Ben Shepperd, Historical Survey Committee;
Arthur Walz, county chairman.
I ask that Mr. John S. Moursund, president
of the Blanco County Historical Association,
step forward to receive this certificate of
merit on behalf of the owners.
affairs, to emphasize, and by your presence, MR. JOHN S. MOURSUND
testify to the historical significance of this On behalf of the Blanco County Historical
occasion. Many people of local, State and Association it is a pleasure to accept this
National prominence are here. And, I would award. Speaking for the association, we wish
like very much to pay personal tribute and to thank you, Mrs. Gliddon. This is indeed
recognition to all such distinguished guests a historic occasion to participate in the
and visitors. But, if I used our program time dedication of President Johnson's boyhood
to do this I ;am sure that I would wind up home. I ~redict that this home will be
like Christopher Columbus-sailing on and visited by millions of Americans. As a form-
on-and on-and our program would never get er neighbor, I can truly say that the Presi-
started. However, on behalf of the people dent spent his formative years in this home,
of Blanco County, I do want to thank pub- and, undoubtedly, his happiest years.
licly: the Governor of our State, the members
of the State legislature, the president, direc- MRS. GLIDDON
tors, committee, and staff members of the Ladies and gentlemen, this modest frame
Texas Historical Foundation and the Texas home achieved its immortality because it has
tills earan--our 30411 u.,7. rte iUvk1~, Lyi,-
Baines Johnson. It is, therefore, with much
personal pride on behalf of all of the people
of Texas that I unveil and present this of-
ficial historical medallion as an enduring
testimonial to the precious memory of the
boyhood home of the 36th U.S. President,
Lyndon Baines Johnson.
MR. WALZ
Thank you Mrs. Gliddon for such a nice
and gracious award and presentation.
Ladies and gentlemen, for the dedication
of the boyhood home of the President, our
distinguished guest and speaker is a man
well known to most of us. If he was some
one strange to us, I would be tempted to in-
dulge in a long and flowery introduction.
But, during his many years as a public offi-
cial, as legislator and as the man who suc-
ceeded the President in the Congress from
the 10th Congressional District, he has
eagerly listened to our problems, recognized
our needs, acted in our behalf and he has
served his people and the Nation with great
honor and distinction. It is, ladies and
gentlemen, my personal privilege and high
honor to present to you for the dedicatory
address a personal friend of the President lUld
his family, the judge of the U.S. District
Court for the Western District of Texas-the
Honorable Homer Thornberry.
JUDGE HOMER THORNBERRY
Mr. Walz, ladies and gentlemen, this is a
unique occasion, not only in the history of
this Nation but in that of this particular
community.
We meet here to witness the marking of
this home as a Texas historical site. As the
home where the President of the United
States, his father and mother, brother and
sisters lived among their friends and neigh-
bors in this community, it receives the Texas
Historical Medallion.
The President feels that you, the people
of this land, have invested over 50 years of
interest and love in him. Another humani-
tarian President, Abraham Lincoln, said over
100 years ago, when he left his neighbors and
friends of Springfield for Washington: "To
this place and the kindness of these people
I owe everything." The sentiment seems ap-
propriate today.
The President and Mrs. Johnson are anxi-
ous for you to feel that this house is your
house-all of you who live in Blanco County.
They desire that it be usedfor civic func-
tions and meetings of historical societies, as
well as for agricultural and youth groups.
It has become increasingly apparent, since
he became President, that the whole Nation
is interested in the home where our Presi-
dent spent his boyhood. For this reason, the
house will be opened to the public. The
ladies of Blanco County have volunteered to
serve as hostesses. In fact, it is a heartwarm-
ing to President and Mrs. Johnson to know
that so many friends have expressed an in-
terest in helping with this project.
. In the restoration of this home which has
meant much to all the members of this fam-
ily, the President's sister, Mrs. Birge Alex-
ander, has spent much time and effort in
seeing to it that the home represents as
nearly as possible, the home she remembers
as a young girl. Therefore, it is the wish
of the President and Mrs. Johnson, as well
as Mrs. Alexander, that the home be dei'i-
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 A2582
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: ;CIA-RDP67B00446R00030019001"8-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX, May 24, 1965
was donated by'the Fair Board for the meet-
ing. A. stage was erected with a backdrop
display of 'pennants of the eight Lions Clubs
in the, county, the Rotary Club, and?the
junior chamber of commerce. The speaker
system operated with unusually good acous-
tics on the balmy spring evening not 'only
Inside the hall, but for quite a distance
surrounding. This was fortunate as later
events proved.
The Cleariake Union High School Band,
directed by J. Conner Hill, entertained the
assembling crowd. Dignitaries were escorted
to their seats in a reserved section and on
the stage by the Lakeport Rainbow Girls.
The meeting opened with the playing of
the Star Spangled Banner by the High School
Band. Chairman Alden Jones acknowledged
a letter from the Office of the Vice President -
of the United States and letters and tele-
grams from many State and Federal Govern-
'i$ent representatives who were unable to
attend. Mr. Jones then introduced Mr. Earle
Wrieden, chairman of the Lake, County
Board of Supervisors, who, in turn, intro-
duced the following special guests:
State Senator Frank Petersen, Assembly-
man Frank Belotti, former State Senator
Jack Slattery, former assembly I man Lloyd
Lowrey, James Coakley, _district representa-
'tive for Congressman ROBERT L. LEGGETT,
State Senator James Cobey, Madera-Merced
Counties, chairman of the senate commit-
tee on water regources, Lake County Super-
visors Don Griner, Lilburn Kirkpatrick, Al
Shipley, and Wes Lampson, mayor of Lake-
port, Ernest Steen, Art King, editor of Lake
Times magazine, and Rotary Club Chairman
Coke Marston.
Short talks were delivered. by, Senators
Petersen and Qpbey, Assemblyman Belotti,
and District Representative Coakley.
Mr. Willard Hansen, engineer and manager
of the. Lake County Flood Control and Water
Coz}aervation District, then introduced, the
representative of various agencies:
Mendocino County Supervisor Avila; State
fish and game, Fred Meyers; State division
of forestry, William Miller; U.S. Forest Serv-
ice, Rod Riley; State soil conservation, Dave
Dresbach; Eel River Association-secretary,
Bob Moir and vice president, Dave Cox; Red-
wood Empire Association, Carney Campion;
U.S. Soil Conservation Service, Andy An-
dresen; Corps of Engineers, San Francisco
district,, Oswald:Pietsch; Corps of Engineers,
Sacramnto, Arnold Zimmerman; Depart-
ment of Water Resources, Dick Lalletin,
Gene Serr, Gordon Dukleth, Guy Fairchild;
U.S.,Bureau of Reclamation, Robert J. Paf-
ford, Jr., Vernon J. Hansen, Joseph E. Carson;
and Yolo County Supervisors Bill McDermott
and Dudley Stephens.
The main address of the evening was then
given, by Robert J. Pafford, Jr., entitled, "A
Preview of Reclaination's Northwestern Cali-
fornia Plan."
The official attendance count within the
ball was 1,050. At this point, Earl Fuqua,
fire chief, would allow no additional au-
dience to enter the building. Crowds lis-
tened to the program outside each of the
building entrances. The cloverleaf was filled
with people. This is a paved section out-
side the building used for square dances,
etc. The parking facilities filled within the
fairgrounds and for blocks around. These
facilities ordinarily accommodate crowds of
2,000 persons. It was necessary for the law
enforcement officers to turn back the re-
:mainder of the pars sending them away for
lack of room.
It is estimated by the fire chief that ap-
proximately 2,100 persons heard the pro-
gram and approximately 600 more were
turned away. The town has a population
of 3,400 persons. The entire county popula-
tion is only 17,000 scattered over 1,256 square
miles. The attendance represented 12 per-
cent of the county population or 59 percent
of the city population. This event occurred
during Public School Week with several open
houses on the same evening.
The following communications were re-
ceived at the Lions Eel River Committee of-
fice from the following:
Office of the Vice President of the United
States.
U.S. Senator TIIossAs H. KUCHEL.
Congressman ROBERT L. LEGGETT, Member
of the Fourth District, California.
Congressman DON H. CLAUSEN, Member of
the First District, California.
Congressman HAROLD T. JOHNSON, Member
of the Second District, California.
Congressman JOHN E. Moss, Member of
the Third District, California.
Congressman WILLIAM H. HALCHA, Member
of the Sixth District, Ohio.
U.S. Senator ALLEN J.. ELLENDElt, chairman,
Subcommittee on Public Works, Louisiana.
U.S. Senator PAT MCNAMARA, chairman,
Committee on Public Works, Michigan.
Congressman JOHN H. FALLON, Member of
the Fourth District, Maryland.
U.S. Senator CARL HAYDEN, chairman, Com-
mittee On Appropriations.
priations.
Lt, Gov. Glenn M. Anderson.
Assemblywoman Pauline L. Davis, member
of the second district.
Assemblyman Jesse M. Unruh, speaker of
the assembly.
State Senator Hugh M. Burns, president
pro tempore.
State Senator Joseph A. Rattigan, member
of 12th Senatorial District.
Edward G. Chandler, consulting water
attorney.
Thomas E. Wales, Jr., consulting civil en-
gineer.
Frederick A. Meyer, department of fish and
game.
Lloyd Lowrey, former assemblyman.
The following Is an excerpt from a report
directed to the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation,
Department of the Interior, by Joe E. Carson,
chief of planning, northwestern California
water' plan: "Because of the great impor-
tance of this meeting, the report has been
incorporated as part of a scrapbook of mate-.
rial to form a historical account not only of
the meeting itself, but also of the planning
and promotion which went into it.
EEL RIVER COMMITTEE, LAKE
COUNTY LIONS CLUBS,
ALDEN H. JONES, Chairman.
Mr. Speaker, certainly all of these
gentlemen and the Lake County Lions
are to be commended on this public
Korea and letnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. WILLIAM J. GREEN
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. GREEN of Pennsylvania. Mr.
Speaker, under leave to extend my re-
marks in the RECORD, I include the fol-
lowing editorial which appeared in the
Philadelphia Inquirer on Wednesday
morning, May 19, 1965:
KOREA AND VIETNAM
President Chung Hee Park of South Korea
is in a position to view problems in Vietnam
with the perspective of an Asian leader whose
own country knows well the peril and the
agony of Communist aggression.
His talks with President Johnson in Wash-
ington, and their joint expression of unified
purpose in halting the Communist tide in
Asia, are of timely significance as U.S. air
raids on North Vietnam are resumed and
the crisis in southeast Asia enters a new
phase of intensified uncertainty.
"We cannot and should not budge even an
inch from defending freedom," President
Park advised in his address to the National
Press Club Tuesday. He emphasized that,
while there are some differences between the
situations in Vietnam today and in Korea
15 years ago, there also are notable similar-
ities. In South Vietnam, as in South Korea
in 1950, Communists are trying to expand
their empire by conquest. Tactics employed
in Vietnam are vastly different from those
used in Korea but the objectives are the
same.
It is a good idea for Americans to bear in
mind that the Reds in Korea did, eventually,
come to the conference table, after being re-
luctant to do so for a long time, and the war
was ended by negotiated settlement. The
negotiations were painfully prolonged, it is
true, and the outcome was not entirely satis-
factory. Nevertheless, agreement was reached
and South Korea remained free of Com-
munist domination.
Fruitful negotiations may still be possible
in Vietnam, even though the present pos-
pect seems dim. The most effective way to
obtain negotiations is to convince the Reds
that they will be denied victory on the
battlefield in South Vietnam as they were
in South Korea.
President Johnson took the occasion of
President Park's visit to Washington to issue
a warning to the Communists not to miscon-
strue conflicts of opinion in the United States.
"Let none anywhere falsely assume." Mr.
Johnson said, "that the debate freedom per-
mits reflects division on the decisions and
decisiveness which duty to freedom may re-
quire."
Leaders in Hanoi, Peiping and Moscow
should heed President Johnson's words.
They would make an extremely grave mis-
take to interpret free expression of differ-
ences among Americans, on matters of for-
eign policy, as an indication of weakness.
It was Communist miscalculation of Amer-
ica's strength and resolve in 1950 that
brought on the Korean war.
As Ho Chi Minh and his associates in North
Vietnam listen to the sound of falling bombs
upon their military installations, and tally
up the frightful cost of futile aggression, they
ought to refresh their minds on the pertinent
lessons of recent history in Korea.
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
May 24, 1965 CONGRESSIONAT RECORD - APPENI IX A2581
Also, If Americans abroad refrain from SAFETY IN ATITOS through Lake County, Lake Berryessa,
purchasing expensive works of art and jew Question. Mr. Secretary, a few weeks ago and'Ooints south.
elry, and so forth, this can have an effect. you said you would meet with automobile All admit that the current God-made
We have made a specific legislative proposal manufacturers to discuss speed and other diversion must be changed inasmuch as
that the duty-free allowance for Americans factors involved in auto safety. What would the last northern California Eel floods
returning home be reduced from $100 whole- you like to see done in this area? will cost the Congress millions of dollars
sale to $50 retail, and we think this will Answer. Frankly, I don't know. I think
have a beneficial dollar-saving effect, and that this whole question of safety in the pro- to correct the damage.
also a psychological effect. duction and use of automobiles on public To show the enthusiasm for the sug-
Question. What do you do about people roads is of growing importance to us. as a gested manmade change of geography
who abuse the privilige of sending back nation. Since we in the Department of Gom- diverting the Eel River through Lake
duty-free packages valued at not over $10? merce do have responsibility for the public County, Alden Jones and the Lake
Answer. There has been some abuse. roads program, and also have the responsi- County Lions, recently held a public
These have been tested by sample audits. bility for relationships with the business meeting with Robert Pafford, western
The conclusion so far has been that the community, it seemed to me to be a good idea
abuse has not been too important. NOW to arrange a meeting and discuss the Whole Director of the Bureau of Reclamation
this, I think, will have to be reexamined, if question of safety. as speaker.
;here is a reduction in the duty-free allow- There are those-in Congress, particular- A summary of the meeting follows:
ante on returning travelers; because the ly-who think that perhaps we should con- SUMMARY of LIONS EEL RIVER DEVELOPMENT
abuses could become moresignicant. trot the automobile manufacturing industry MEETING
Question. As to travel abroad, there seems to the extent of specifying just what automo-
to Because of the urgent need for better con-
be some confusion. You do urge people biles can and cannot be built. On the basis trot of water in the Eel River development
to travel in the United States. Do you take of all the information available to me now, area, many citizens felt that immediate action
the next step and urge people not to travel i would be opposed to any such move. should be taken now-not in 25 years. The
abroad unless they have business reasons to On the other hand, highway accidents are ingredients were there, but it took the eight
do so? resulting in more deaths every year, and the Lake County Lions Clubs, headed by the
Answer. No. The Fed ral Government figures on the number of young drivers who
proposes no restrictions on travel, will be on the highways in the next 6 to 10 Lakeport is believed Lions, to to mix ixve them been together into
er into
st,
Question. Will you straighten us out on years are staggering. Therefore, I think it's what and certainly most to ha the
impressive, water largeng
just what the official position is on travel an area where the Government Can stimulate and c in ainl mos.
abroad? more thinking among the automobile manu- 1965, the idea was
Answer. We leave it to each American to faeturers about' building in "some more safety On broached at Tuesday, the Lakeport March 23, Lions Cidwas
meeting.
determine-in' light of his own. personal sit- devices and, on a voluntary basis, to see if club athe idea and Club
a Com-
uation, his business situation, and the na- this problem can't be brought into sharper The The cen approved e Jones idea and chose chair-
appoint ed and ir-
tional-interest problem-whether a trip focus. mittee. Alden .Jove, secretary,
should be taken. I just have no idea specifically as to what man, Stuart, Bruce BT Btu On March 26, the coral
All we're attempting to do is to bring the might emerge from these discussions. For a met and started movement 28, 1965, ward a
tion, so that he can consider them along that was submerged in the interest of econo- public meeting. to be held m APti
with his personal and business reasons. But my and safety and various automobile char- the Lake County fairgrounds. Mr. Robert J.
if his decision, after considering all the facts, acteristics. But, in the last year or So, there Pafford, Jr., regional director of the U.S.
is that the trip is desirable, then there's no seems to be growing emphasis on speed and Bureau of Reclamation, Department of the
Government position that would discourage on the size of automobile engines. It seems Interior, would be asked to present the most
that trip in any way. to me that some more thought should be recent and comprehensive northwestern Cali-
We can't possibly try to make the millions given. to the question: Is this a wise policy fornia plan.
of decisions in those cases, and we're not for the automobile manufacturers to follow, An office in downtown Lakeport was do-
attempting to. in the public interest and their own interest? nated by County Supervisor Wes Lampson.
Question. Does a person need to feel guilty Question. On a number of occasions you Telephone service was installed courtesy of
about it, if he's planning to take a trip to have urged businessmen to broaden their re- Pacific Telephone Co.: lights and heat were
Europe this summer? sponsibilities. What do you have in mind? courtesy of Pacific Gas & Electric. A Sal-
Answer. Not at all. But if he decides he Answer. For many years we have watched aried secretary, Dee Barnett, was employed by
is going to take a trip, we have the adds- both labor unions and Government widen the board of supervisors. Five thousand
tional suggestion that he use American- their responsibilities-and their power and printed flyers, 250 quartercards, and 3,000
owned facilities to the extent possible, and influence have grown apace. By voluntarily convention-type badges with inserts, "Re-
that he keep down his purchases while inncreasing its responsibilities and human member Eel River Day, April 28, 1965, I'll be
abroad. This apparently is a suggestion that concerns, business today is gaining a more in- there, will you?" printed on them were used
pleases most husbands, but some of the wives fluential voice in our national affairs. to publicize the event. A resolution declar-
are not so pleased. President Johnson has asked the help of ing April 28 as "Eeel River Development Day"
was adopted by the Lake County Board of
RESTRICTIONS ON TRADE American business and he is getting it--the Supervisors.
voluntary program on the balance of pay- Letters of invitation were sent to State and
meets is an outstanding example. Growing Federal representatives and heads of all agen-
serious involvement in a broad range of ties connected with water development in-
effect our problems is having the most salutary viting them to take part in the meeting.
e The new spirit of national life. Extensive newspaper and radio coverage
The ndw spirit m cooperation between busi- was given throughout the Eel River Associa-
in pursuit nazi n be a l decisive tion area. The five county newspapers coop-
thinthe k pu the rsuit same of our sense o of f partnership objectives. I erated splendidly on publicity.
think pahip that is The Lake Times magazine printed a special
proble can solve the balance-of-payments t ,The River Development Day" edition. Editor
In the Arthur King and his staff worked long hours
and other abe critical applied national job needs. development
and otno writing the Eel River material for the edition.
social and economic gains, everyone will The cover picture was provided through the
benefit. courtesy of the Northwestern Pacific Rail-
road; several inside pictures were provided
through the courtesy of the Eureka News-
Summary of Lions Eel River Develop- papers, Inc. The Times staff prepared special
ffient Meeting ads for each of the 88 advertisers. Each ad
contained the slogan "Remember Eel River
Day, Wednesday, April 28, 8 p.rn.. Tairgrounds,
EXTENSION OP REMARKS Lakeport-Build Now-Save Millions
of On the day of the meeting, several pri-
vate aircraft were used in the shuttling serv-
HON. ROBERT L. LEGGETT ice between Sacramento and Lakeport to
OF CALIFORNIA transport the dignitaries, who, otherwise,
REPRESENTATIVES would not have been able to attend due to
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES busy schedules. The dignitaries met
Mon4a7/. May ~4, 1965 and had dinner with the committee and
other invited guests before the public meet-
Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, for ing.
years we have talked in California about The main program was held in the large
diverting it portion of the Eel River south exhibition hall at the Fairgrounds which
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
TENSION OF REMARKS r
OF ` V
O
HON. J
E L. EVINS OF OF TENNESSEE,
JN THE HOTJSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak-
er, Mr. John Seigenthaler, the able editor
of the Nashville Tennessean, is continu-
'inghis penetrating reports on Vietnam.
':Under unanimous consent, I include
the second in the series-published in the
Nashville Tennessean on May 18-in the
Appendix of the RECORD.
The article-part II-follows:
"VIETNAM WAR: NO EASY, CHEAP, QUICK WAY
OUT
(By John Seigenthaler)
DA NANG, May 18.-The cost of the U.S.
struggle in Vietnam is soaring-in terms of
men, money, and machines of war-and at
.this point there is no quick, easy, or cheap
way out.
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R0003001.90018-0
May 24, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Ten days ago, when I. came to Vietnam,
30,000 U.S. fighting men were in the country.
There are now 42,000 here-with more re-
portedly on the way. Another 35,000 Navy
men are stationed on ships offshore in the
South China Sea.
Now the number of American soldiers,
sailors, and Marines dead in Vietnam has
crept over 500-5 were slain in f attack
yesterday-and many more will die in the
days ahead. As the monsoon season comes
in late May, American air strikes will be cur-
tailed and, the enemy-the Vietcong-will
become bolder. Then the U.S. casualty list
certainly will. increase.
I sat today in a jeep at 'the end of the run-
way at the huge airbase here and watched
flight after flight of U.S. jet fighter-bombers
roar from the airstrip and peel off toward the
north.
"The birds are flying today and the Viet-
cong will get hurt," said Lt. Col. Harry How-
ton, of Birmingham, Ala., formerly based at
Sewart Air Force Base, who was with me on
the Da Nang flight line.
"It makes me feel damned good watching
those birds fly," said Howton. "We let the
Vietcong shoot at us all over this country
before we hit back. Now it is our turn and
we are hitting back."
Iiowton, the colorful (his men call him
Harry the Horse) commander of the 311th
Troop Carrier Squadron, is in charge of trans-
porting cargo to rural outposts north and
south of Da Nang. He is a commander who
believes in taking his turn at flying and
when he complains of Vietcong gunfire it is
from firsthand experience.
Seven planes he has piloted have been hit
by small arms ground fire.
"I wouldn't say getting shot at scares me,"
said Howton, "but it makes me apprehensive
as hell."
With us, on the flight line here was Capt.
M. E. Bottington, air information officer at
Da Nang, who pointed to four jets which were
lining up on the strip, preparing to take
off.
"Those four planes represent about 6 mil-
lion American tax dollars," Bottington said,
'.'and that, figure, of course, does not include
the highly skilled American pilots who are
flying the planes."
During the day I saw about $100 million
worth of jets take off from Da Nang. Still
later I was back on the flight line when the
"birds" began to come home to roost-their
bomb and rocket racks empty.
I had hoped to talk with some of the pilots,
just back from air strikes. But I was not
permitted to do so. I was told that there
had been no air opposition to the strikes
today; flak, for a change, had been light;
small arms fire from the ground had been
heavy.- No planes were lost today-but 43
have been lost over the last 3 months.
The exapt.,nilmber of aircraft on this base
is a classified military secret. "But as we
drove along the edge of the airstrip I saw
more than 200 airplanes, of every type: jet
fighter bombers; B-57 jet bombers; jet escort
fighters; C-123 and C-130 cargo planes;
armed and rescue helicopters;., light single
and twin engine observer planes; and single
engine Vietnamese air force Skyraiders.
This airbase is crowded with planes-and
so are, the other two major bases in South
Vietnam at the Bienhoa airstrip 15 miles
south of Saigon, and at Tan Son Nhut Air-
base at Saigon.
Fly over any one of the three major bases
and you can see that planes overcrowd the
parking ramps, wingtip to wingtip.
"It concerns me that we have so many
eggs' in one basket," a high-ranking Air
Force officer, told, me during a briefing at Tan
Son Nhut last week. "We' need to spread
some of these airplanes out in other areas-
but we just don't have the landing strips
And Harry Howton told me of a recent
accident here at Da Nang that cost a Viet-
namese pilot his life-and which could have
caused widespread death and damage.
The young Vietnamese pilot, his Skyraider
loaded with rockets, was preparing for take-
off when his plane suddenly went out of
control.
"It rammed one of our C-123's parked on
the ramp and we had a big explosion and
fire," said Howton. "Fortunately we were
able to segregate these two burning planes
before the fire spread to any others. It could
have been very nasty."
The Vietnamese pilot managed to get out
of his cockpit-but he died on the wing of
his plane.
Da Nang Air Base is located in. a sprawling
valley surrounded by mountains. It occurred
to me that this field and the planes based
here, are sitting duck tagets for Vietcong
hidden in the hills. I said so to Captain
Bottington.
We drove into the hills. Almost every foot
of ground is occupied by U.S. marines, armed
to the teeth, and with tanks and artillery.
Army engineers have carved red clay roads
out of the sides of the mountains overlook-
ing Da Nang Air Base.
And on top of one of the mountains we
found another multimillion-dollar U.S. in-
vestment. On the perimeter of the mountain
clusters of radar-controlled Hawk missiles
glare out over the countryside. In an air-
conditioned cakelike shack, covered com-
pletely by sandbags, was the communications
center. Three marine technicians it in this
darkened little cave around the clock, scan-
ning three radar screens for incoming enemy
aircraft.
This is only one of several such installa-
tions, ringing the Da Nang Base and protect-
ing the U.S. aircraft on the field below.
A marine lieutenant who took, us around
the armed missile. site explained that should
enemy airplanes dare attack the base the
Hawk missiles would destroy them many
miles and several . minutes before they
reached Da Nang.
"They say Ho Chi Minh has only about
30 or 40 Migs up there," said the officer,
Lt. G. R. Modiqliano of Trenton, N.J., point-
ing to the north. "If Uncle Ho wants to lose
them, we will be ready and willing to show
him how."
>'rom high on _ this mountain, and even
from the airstrip below, American might
seems invincible-almost uncontestable.
But, unfortunately, this is a strange war-
unlike any military struggle in the history of
the Nation. To win will cost more money-
more lives.
The air strikes have certainly had a mili-
tary impact and they have lifted the morale
of American fighting men here. But these
strikes can offer a dangerous and misleading
conclusion to Americans at hgme.
Anyone who thinks this war can be won
simply from the all, is mistaken, according
to every military sorce I have talked with
while in Vietnam.
For this is a shooting war-and the bullets
are flying both ways. But it is also a political
war, a psychological war, and an economic
war.
The enemy, the Communist Vietcong, is
clever, elusive, dedicated, and ruthless.
American soldiers who have come up against
them describe them as well ' trained, well
armed, and fearless
They wear no uniforms-usually a black
pajama-type garb also worri by farmers or
peasants. Sometimes during an attack Viet-
cong are clad only in khaki shorts.
Actually, the - Vietcong control much of
the rural countryside. They are fed arms
and ammunition and, lately, some crack
troops from North Vietnam. They draft the
sons of South Vietnamese peasants and
-farmers into their forces. They move into
A2583
towns and hamlets where the South Viet-
namese Government is weak-and after a
series of coups there are many such towns
and hamlets. They preach and lecture
against the Americans and against the gov-
ernment in Saigon.
Many who resist are kidnaped or murdered.
The, Vietcong concentrate on killing prov-
ince and district chiefs loyal to Saigon
and friendly to the Americans. They also
often kill schoolteachers, and others who
control and lead community opinion.
The daily briefing sheet prepared for news-
men invariably carries reports such as this
one put out a few days ago:
"The following are examples of recently
reported Vietcong outrages:
"1. Quang Nam, April 23. The hamlet
chief was murdered and 3 civilians kid-
naped when an estimated 15 Vietcong
entered Phu Phong village.
"2. Phu Yen, April 25. Seven youths were
kidnaped by a Vietcong platoon.
"3. Tay Ninh, April 24. The chief of Suoi
Nguon hamlet was murdered by an unknown
number of Vietcong.
"4. Tuyen Duc, April 17. Five civilians
were kidnaped from a new life hamlet by a
Vietcong platoon."
When the Vietcong attack outposts where
American teams of "advisers" are located the
assaults usually are well planned and sup-
ported by heavy Vietcong artillery fire. in-
variably the assaults come at 2 or 3 a.m., un-
der cover of darkness. The Vietcong hit,
murder, and move on.
By the time the government is able to
move in reinforcements, they have evaporated
into the countryside, or into surrounding vil-
lages where they pose as peasants.
U.S. officials have noted a sudden marked
increase in Vietcong defectors since the air
strikes against Vietcong forces and against
Hanoi territory.
There are reports that in some hamlets the
Vietcong have recruited women and teenage
boys to travel with them through the back
country, to carry food and equipment-and
after clashes with United States and South
Vietnamese soldiers, to bear away and bury
Vietcong dead.
In some areas where the Vietcong had been
strongest in past months, and where air
strikes have been successful, intelligence from
civilians, formerly friendly to the enemy, has
picked up.
The change has been slight-but it is cer-
tain, U.S. Army advisers reported last week.
This is the enemy. And while air strikes
will hurt his morale and cut his supply lines
along the Ho Chi Minh Trail in neighboring
Laos, such attacks will not beat him, Ameri-
can officials candidly admit.
On the other side, the South Vietnamese
Government has suffered. There has been
great political turmoil-change after change
after change in governments.
It is doubtful at present if the average
peasant knows or cares about the present
chief of state, Phan Khac Suu, or the present
prime minister, Phan Huy Quat.
These men have come to power almost as
unknown factors. Suu has little background
to commend him to the high post he now
holds. Quat is an able, dedicated old-line
politician.
While he is not a man who seeks headlines,
or projects an image to the people, Americans
think he has the capabilities of making a go
of South Vietnam-if he is given time.
And it will take time. This means that
American forces are going to have to be in
South Vietnam for a long time while Quat
builds an image for leadership, and, more
important, builds his country and its armed
strength.
How long?
No American I have talked with, including
Ambassador Maxwell Taylor and Gen. Wil-
liam C. Westmoreland, will hazard a guess.
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 24, 1965
But it will take a long time. Americans
who have felt a sense of elation over the suc-
cess of the air strikes should not anticipate
an early miracle. The boys won't be home
by Christmas, probably not by Easter, and
maybe not by the following Christmas.
I came here as a newsman to ask questions
and find out about the war and the nation
with which we are allied. But everywhere
I have gone, American soldiers and civilians,
learning that I have so recently come from
home, ask the same questions over and over:
"Are the folks at home behind us? Are they
willing to stay with this fight all the way?
Do they have the patience?
They are not satisfied with the only answer
they can get: at this point there is no way
to tell whether the American people recog-
nize that a long, difficult struggle is ahead.
There is no debate here-as there is in the
United States-about negotiating a settle-
ment that will get Americans out of Viet-
nam. Americans here feel a settlement
would give away the investment on which
the United States has made payments.
Nobody here talks of peace-not even the
Vietnamese who have been at war with each
other more than a decade.
Recently, a small group of South Viet-
namese began circulating a peace petition.
After several weeks there were only a few
hundred names on it. Three of the people
who organized the petition were escorted by
the government forces north to the 17th
parallel and pushed into North Vietnam.
I talked with a U.S. Information Agency
officer, who was disgusted with student dem-
onstrations in the United States against the
war in Vietnam.
"Freedom is at stake here," he said.
"Don't they realize that? They should be
given the same treatment that those peti-
tion signers were given."
He added: "I don't understand just what is
happening in the minds of people at home."
And, I told him, a big part of the problem
is that Americans at home do not understand
what is going on in the minds of people
here.
Report From Selma
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON
OF NEW YORX
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 17, 1965
Mr. ROBISON. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the REc-
ORD, I include the following letter from
the Reverend Charles N. Arlin, of St.
Ambrose's Church, in Groton, N.Y.
We have heard many reports from
Selma, from all kinds of people and from
varying viewpoints. Mr. Arlin's letter,
I believe, represents a sincere and objec-
tive analysis of the thoughts and reac-
tions of one who was there during those
troubled days, and I commend it to all of
my colleagues:
ST. AMBROSE'S CHURCH,
Groton, N.Y., April 30, 1965.
Hon. HOWARD W. ROBISON,
Congress of the United States,
House of Representatives,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SIR: The following will be my ob-
servations on Selma, Ala., which I promised
in an earlier letter to forward to you once
the pressures of the faster season relented
somewhat.
The Negro problem is a difficult and com-
plex problem; it will not be solved overnight
because people do not yield easily their deep-
seated prejudices. Many well-meaning
people, unfortunately, consider the Negro
as something less than human. At best, in
many areas, the Negro Is paternalized; so
long as he stays within certain bounds, he
is accepted to some degree. But he is still
subject to the whim of the white man.
I found Selma a shocking experience; I was
not preparedfor what I saw. When I left
for Selma, I knew only what I had read in
the press reports; this was, at best, pre-
carious information. I knew that the situ-
ation was tense and bitter but this some-
how still did not prepare me for what I saw
nor for the demonstrations of which I was
a part in Selma. The city itself looked as
though it were under Beige; State Police
cars lined streets adjacent to the Negro
community and helmeted troopers, city police
and Sheriff Clark's possemen were very much
in evidence.
Selma is a beautiful city. We were im-
mediately struck by the incongruity of the
white area, resplendent with its fine homes
and beautiful lawns as opposed to the dirty
shabby area which contained in many places
shacks, in which many Negroes were liv-
ing. Many of the streets in the Negro area
were unpaved; many of the Negroes were liv-
ing in abject poverty. I was struck by the
odor of hatred and fear on the part of the
white population; it was so thick that you
could almost cut it with a knife. There
was, of course, overt hostility toward those
of us in clerical gab. Some of the comments
about us made our hair stand on end. We
were often referred to as "nigger lovers";
those who used the phrase meant it in the
most derogatory sense.
The discipline of the southern Negro was
nothing short of phenomenal. There was a
strong sense of submerging immediate de-
sires for a larger and more important goal.
Even the children were a part of this. Every
person in the community submitted to the
inconveniences and the discipline imposed
and expected without question. - Not once in
the 2% days there did I hear a child cry;
this in itself is an example of the incredible
discipline, maintained despite the constant
threat of physical danger and reprisal. In
an age when people are prone to give in to
short-range demands and shrug off discipline
imposed for a long-range goal, I found this
nothing short of amazing. The standard re-
ply of the Negro to the query of what he
wanted was, "Freedom-now." They also
added that their fight for freedom was not
only on their behalf but also on behalf of all
minority groups who have suffered discrimi-
nation in one form or another.
We were housed in the Negro ghetto with
Negro families. This was an experience for
me, because I had never stayed with a Negro
family before. When we protested that we
were disrupting family routine, we were told
that this was the least that could be done
to show appreciation for our presence in
Selma, that our presence there meant more
to them than we would ever know. We were
warned not to leave the Negro community
and venture into the white area of the
city. To do so would have been very danger-
ous and might have endangered our lives
and safety. As a result of this warning the
only contacts that we had with white peo-
ple, aside from the Roman Catholic priests
and nuns at Good Samaritan Hospital, were
the city police. I was much impressed with
Dr. King's Southern Leadership Conference;
the people directing the demonstrations in
Selma struck me as responsible leaders who
did an admirable job of briefing and con-
trolling the people who poured into Selma.
We were ordered to avoid violence at all costs
and any and all attempts at provocation.
And there were attempts at this. However,
we were warned to steer clear of the Student
Non-Violent Coordinating Committee, pri-
marily because they were prone to provoke
violence; as students, they often rushed in
"where angels fear to tread." They gave
little heed to consequences or to planning.
Mr. Wilson Baker, public safety commis-
sioner of Selma, was the only police officer
in Selma who bad the respect of the Negro
community. Sheriff Clark, I soon discovered,
was a man who tried to escalate a situation
into violence; on the other hand, Baker did
everything in his power to prevent violence
on both sides and he was genuinely con-
cerned that everyone be given equal protec-
tion. Clark and the mayor of Selma, how-
ever, had contrived to limit much of Baker's
authority as commissioner and Baker and
Clark were at odds on how the situation
should be handled. Baker wanted to avoid
violence at all costs; Clark would have liked
nothing better than violence. The clergy,
from what I saw and observed, did their best
to assure that there would be no violence
and that all of the demonstrations would be
peaceful.
On the day that we were arrested
(Wednesday, March 17) a group of Dr. King's
people had called the mayor of Selma and
asked for an appointment. They wanted,
him to sit down with them and a group of
clergymen and discuss the situation in the
Negro community. The mayor refused, I
understand, in rather colorful language. At
that point we were asked if we would be
willing to go to the major's house and set up
a peaceful protest. We were to picket his
refusal to sit down and discuss the griev-
ances of the Negro community. We agreed,
but not without some fear and trembling.
If we succeeded, we would be the first group
to demonstrate outside the Negro community,
except, of course, for the marches to the
courthouse. We knew that one of three
things would happen to us: we would be
allowed to peacefully picket with the protec-
tion of the police; we would be arrested; or
we would be subject to physical violence on
the part of the enraged white citizenry be-
cause we had carried the protest into their
own backyard. This we later found to be a
very sore point with the white people in
Selma. So long as the demonstrations were
taking place in the Negro ghetto or at the
courthouse, the white people were. not both-
ered. Most of them could ignore the situa-
tion. But they felt severely threatened when
the protests were carried into the white resi-
dential area.
We were transported to a spot about a
block from the mayor's home; there we
alighted and lined up two abreast on the
shoulder of the street. As I recall, at that
particular point there were no sidewalks.
We had barely begun to move when a police
car cut us off and we were told that we could
not march; there was a city ordinance for-
bidding it. At that point the news camera-
men arrived and began filming the situation
and Mr. Baker arrived, visibly angry. He
informed us all that we were under arrest
and that transportation would be provided to
the jail. This was in fact provided by Sheriff
Clark and his possemen in a sehoolbus.
Clark himself took command of the bus and
when some of the group began to sing a free-
dom song on the bus, Clark vowed that he
would just as soon kill all of us and go to
hell for it. You only had to look at his face
to know that he meant it.
We were treated most courteously by the
local police. When we arrived at the jail
we were ushered into the courtroom where
we were informed that Mr. Baker had changed
the original grounds for arrest to parading
without a permit. We were originally ar-
rested for unlawful assembly and illegal
picketing. Bail was set at $200 per person
and we were told that as soon as we had been
booked, we would be allowed to sign out on
our own recognizance. Most of us did this,
although some, not in our immediate group,
argued that if we were protesting unequal
treatment, it would make sense that we stay
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
May 24, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A2585
in jail rather than be released on our own
recognizance. Had we been Negroes It would
have been hardly likely that we would have
been accorded the same treatment._ 1nut, we
felt that. we had made our point; Baker had
made his. There was no point in pursuing
the matter any further at that particular
juncture. Inasmuch as we had our, plane
reservations for the trip from Montgomery to
Atlanta tp~t evenlpg and had promised
Bishop Higley that we would return on
Thursday, we felt it best to leave.
This, in essence, is what factual part of
our story which has been so badly bungled
by the newspapers. We went to Selma, not
to get arrested, but because a certain seg-
ment of our population was being denied the
right to vote. People can argue about rac-
ism and all of the other issues that they may
wish to drag across the path, but many of
them have lost sight of the fundamental
reason for the trip to Alabama. We felt that
man, as a creature of God, has a dignity
which cannot be suppressed by whips, clubs,
guns or intimidation of any other sort. A
human being has the right to live without
fear as a constant companion.
I cannot speak for the march to Montgom-
mery, but in Selma I saw none of the activi-
ty which has been claimed by the Congress-
man from Alabama. I saw no drinking of
wine, beer or liquor "while I was in Selma,
although I did see a large quantity of soda
pop consumed. Could it be that these
cans. were mistaken for beer cans? I per-
sonally saw no evidence of promiscuity.
In fact I was amazed apt the discipline of all
those who were in Selma and I am certain
that none of the people involved in the dem-
onstrations . Would have Jeopardized the
Negro cause by careless, unheeding behavior.
It was a known fact that every attempt pos-
sible would, be made by some people un-
sympathetic with the civil rights movement
to discredit by any means possible the dem-
onstrations In Selma and Montgomery.
As to conclusions about the situation in
Selma, I would say the following: The situa-
tion tllere is far, worse than I .had. imagined
it to be, Yet, I have a feeling that the ma-
jority of the people in Selma and in Alabama
deplore the violence which has taken place
there. Though they may not be in sympathy
with the civil rights movement, they realize
that there has to be a change in the attitude
toward the Negro. There still is discrimina-
tion in many forms In Selma-including the
churches. There appears to be discrimination
on the part of many police officers in the
city; following the fiasco at the bridge in
Selma there, also'appears to be some basis
for the charge of police brutality. Certainly
the Negroes in Selma do not have the same
opportunities that their white counterparts
have. The literacy tests for voter registra-
tion have, been so rigged that no one, white
or black, could have passed unless the regis-
trar was so inclined. I doubt that I could
have passed such a test if they had not
wanted .me to vote. There is strong need for
a voting rights bill which will guarantee peo-
ple the right to vote. I personally have no
objections to literacy tests as a qualification
to vote provided that such tests are fairly
administered to any person regardless of race,
creed, or, color. The great crime in Alabama
is that the literacy test has been used as a
barrier-often.an illegal one-to prevent
Negro applicants from becoming qualified
voters. The poll tax should definitely be
outlawed; no voter should be barred from
voting because of a tax imposed.
L have .. ripthing but the highest praise
for Mr. Wilson Baker, the public safety com-
missioner of Selma.. Although he is a segre-
gationist, this man is a highly competent
police officer and he is genuinely concerned
with keeping the peace and protecting people
on both sides of this issue. To this end, I
am certain that many of the arrests that
Baker and his men have made in Selma, in-
cluding our own, while ostensibly on a legal
pretext, have in fact been made to,.protect
those arrested from the possibility of violence
at the hands of those who might resort to
violence. Sheriff Clark I do not consider
a competent police officer; he has created far
too many situations and then tried to esca-
late them. I personally consider him a crude
and vulgar individual who has grossly mis-
used his police powers. He has little regard
for the safety or dignity of the people of
Selma. I cannot say much about Colonel
Lingo and his State police; I had little per-
sonal contact with them. But they have no
respect among the Negro community. The
wrong people in Selma wore the hard hats
when we were there; no one attacked them.
The Negroes and marchers should have had
the hard hats. Wilson Baker has been the
only officer who has been able to go into the
Negro community and carry on a meaningful
dialog. He alone has the respect of the
majority of people on both sides in Selma.
Finally, I am not certain where the Negro
revolution is headed, but it is a revolution,
a peaceful one at present. There are some
aspects of it that I don't care for, because
I, too, have ambivalent feelings as a white
man. But nothing that I or anyone else
chooses to do will stem the relentless tide of
freedom for the Negro. Whatever happens,
it will cost the white man some pain and
many white men don't want the pain. They
don't see why they should have to suffer;
but aren't all white men to blame in some
way for the situation as it now exists? Amer-
ica will never be completely free until all of
its citizens can enjoy the guarantees of the
Constitution. No citizen will ever be a
responsible citizen until he is given the op-
portunity to be one; freedom entails an
awesome responsibility. It is not license to
do what we will; it is not license to abuse
the rights of fellow citizens. No country has
over been free until it has granted respon-
sibility and then met the problems one at a
time as they came up. I am certain from my
observations of the Negro determination in
Alabama that if the Negro is not treated as a
first-class citizen and given the rights which
go with this, no matter how much pain it will
cost the white man, then the Negro will re-
sort to more drastic measures. Then, God
help us all.
Very truly yours,
CHARLES N. ARLIN.
Former Immigrant Gives Six-Story Office
Building to Philadelphia Opportunities
Industrialization Center
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HERMAN TOLL
.OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. TOLL. Mr. Speaker, in these
days when "battle, murder, and sudden
death" play such a prominent, part in
the daily news, it is refreshing and en-
couraging to read the absorbing story
of a dedicated and grateful citizen who
has contributed so generously to aid the
self-help program of the West Phila-
delphia branch of the Opportunities
Industrialization Center. The extrem-
ely interesting story of Mr. Sol Fein-
stone, a Bucks County, Pa., farmer, as
published in the Philadelphia Inquirer
of May 2, is as follows:
EX-IMMIGRANT GIVES JOB CENTER BUILDING
AS TOKEN OF HUMILITY
(By Helen Rothbardt)
When the Opportunities Industrialization
Center dedicates its West Philadelphia
branch at 3 p.m. Sunday, there will be a
small, nearly bald 77-year-old man in the
crowd. It hasn't, been publicized, but he
gave the OIC the six-story office building at
17 South 52d Street for its new training
center.
Sol Feinstone insisted .on anonymity when
he offered the building rent free for 10 years,
plus $20,000 to renovate it, to the Rev. Leon
H. Sullivan, pastor of Zion Baptist Church,
and organizer of the OIC.
But the Bucks County farmer made a
stipulation: at the beginning of each year,
he was to be paid "one slice of black bread
and one cup of black coffee without sugar."
DECLINES TO EXPLAIN
Curious newsmen pressed, but Mr. Sulli-
van would not reveal his name nor explain
the symbolism.
"Then a nosy reporter had to track me
down," said Feinstone resignedly in the
rambling home on his 200-acre farm at
Washington Crossing, Pa.
He explained the symbolism of the con-
sideration asked for his gift.
"It is a symbol of humility-my humility.
I knew hunger, poverty, and bigotry when I
arrived in America with an Indian-head
penny in my pocket. There was a time I
was glad to have black bread to eat."
ARRIVES IN STEERAGE
That was in 1902 when Feinstone, a boy of
14, arrived in steerage and went to work in
a sweatshop in New York.
He fingered his shabby workclothes.
"Look at me. Do I look like anything but a
farmer? I just came in from work-I am
a farmer."
And how did a farmer get involved in
this unique program that primarily serves
jobless Negroes?
Feinstone explained: "I read about what
Mr. Sullivan and the other Negro ministers
were doing to train people and I wanted to
meet them."
MANY APPLICANTS
The OIC began its work on January 26,
1964, in a former police station at 19th and
Oxford Streets. The self-help program was
swamped with applicants for vocational
training. The first center was started with
a $50,000 anonymous donation and equipped
with gifts from industry. At the end of its
first year, the center was established as a
practicable program, affording new hopes
and opportunities to thousands.
Feinstone explained, "I told Mr. Sullivan
it was all well and good to train people in the
production fields. But I thought there was
a need to train them in the distribution field.
Without distribution, production doesn't
mean a thing. But first of all, people have
to be taught how to dress and act and talk
to customers. I specified that the new job
training center should concentrate on the
merchandising field."
MAKE GEARS MESH
The program got underway through Ineet-
tings with executives from center city stores,
the chamber of commerce, the city adminis-
tration, and others. Working with them was
Feinstone-now a member of the board of
trustees of OIC.
"We all worked together to make the gears
mesh," he said.
The new center, in the heart of West Phila-
delphia's bustling . 52d and Market Streets
shopping district, will concentrate on train-
ing in all phases of merchandising. The first
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 y6
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX May 24, 1965
two floors of the building will be a complete
merchandising mart, composed of shops offer-
ing clothing, furniture, appliances, and other
items for sale to the public. The upper floors
will be used for training classes In buying,
selling, secretarial traning, real estate sales-
manship and other phases of merchandising.
CONTINUE PROGRAM
"In the six-story tower of training," Mr.
Sullivan said, "we're going to continue our
business of helping people help themselves.
We want our people to be able to qualify for
and get jobs as buyers and sellers and clerks
in the big department stores in the city."
OIC, which plans to open another center
In Germantown soon, received a $458,000 Fed-
eral grant last December.
Feinstone is presenting one more item to
the building. It is a plaque which will read:
"Our great country was built by the under-
privileged of many lands; by Indian tribes
who came before us, by the persecuted Pil-
grims, by Indentured servants, by Negro
slaves, by the genius and blood of the Fathers
of the American Revolution and by the 30
million underprivileged Immigrants from all
parts of the world who came after the Revo-
lution and help build our country in free-
dom."
DONATES LIBRARY
Feinstone also donated the David Library
to the Washington Crossing Memorial Build-
ing. In it are Feinstone's collection of more
than 600 original manuscripts and war let-
ters by George Washington and other pa-
triots.
Last February he presented to the library
of the U.S. Military Academy at West Point,
7N.Y., a letter written by George Washington
from his headquarters there on October 5,
:1779, to Gen. James B. Lambert.
Tribute to Spencer Ravel
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RICHARD D. McCARTHY
.OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 11, 1965
Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, the
postsputnik decade has dramatized to
the country the importance of second-
ary education in our highly specialized
and increasingly technological society..
There has been greater emphasis upon
technicians and science orientation
among our high school graduates, who
then may be directed toward 4- and
5-year university level courses which
are largely removed from the humani-
ties and basic liberal education of the
whole man.
Yet there has also been a reappraisal.
and a reevaluation of the educational
process, with the realization that there
can be no,replacement for the individual
attention accorded the student about to
enter this age of the technician and the
specialist. Those who are fortunate
enough to receive this consideration, and
the patience and understanding which
are found in great educators and ad-
ministrators, are indeed fortunate.
In the community of Hamburg in my
district, Mr. Speaker, young people have
been among those who have been af-
forded that special attention--the ele-
ment of secondary education which will
have an influence on the lives of our
citizens and leaders of tomorrow.
Recently the Hamburg community
gave its special thanks to this educator,
Spencer W. Ravel, in a dinner tribute
attended by students, faculty, staff,
former students and townsmen. Mr.
Ravel has completed a quarter of a cen-
tury as an educator, principal and
friend in the Hamburg schools system.
Spencer Ravel, besides serving his
country as an educator-perhaps one of
the most important in this period of our
Nation's history, has also served her well
as an officer. During World War II he
was in the Normandy invasion, and later
during the Korean conflict was recalled
to active duty. He is presently com-
mander of a Naval Reserve unit in Buf-
falo and instructs a Reserve program
weekly.
Perhaps the finest tribute to this edu-
cator and friend came from the collec-
tion of some 500 statements and letters
from former and present students, typi-
cal of which were:
You have given us your time and patience
so that we may go out into the world as
young ladies and gentlemen.
Mr. Speaker, I insert the following
editorial which appeared in the Ham-
burg Sun subsequent to this community
tribute :
TRIBUTE TO "SPEN" RAVEL
Last Saturday, some 300 students, faculty,
and staff members at Hamburg Central
High School gathered to pay tribute to Spen-
cer W. Ravel, longtime high school prin-
cipal and friend to most of the postwar
graduating classes here.
The expressions of appreciation found else-
where in this week's Sun capture the esteem
which he has earned over the years, and to
which we could supplement only by affirm-
ing a similar sentiment from the civic
community.
"Spen" Ravel, as educator and admin-
istrator, has played a prominent role in guid-
ing and molding the direction of young
people from the Greater Hamburg commu-
nity. His is a contribution which will long
be felt in those persons he has aided, who in
turn assume their responsibilities and leader-
ship.
Perhaps the student tributes were best
summed up by this: "Thank you for always
smiling and saying 'hello.' Thank you for
making Hamburg High School a school I can
be proud of. Thank you for all that you
have done and all that you will do for us.
I hope that in the future we will al ays
remember to say, 'Thank you, Mr. Ravel~nd
Vietnam Report--Part III
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOE L. EVINS
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak-
er, Mr. John Seigenthaler, able editor
of the Nashville Tennessean, is continu-
ing his penetrating reports on Vietnam.
Under unanimous consent, I include
the third in the series-published in the
Nashville Tennessean on May 19-in the
Appendix of the RECORD.
The article follows:
BA DUA SHOWS FIGHTING SCARS,
BRAVE WARRIORS
(By John Seigenthaler)
BA DIVA, VIETNAM, May 19.-My visit to this
rural outpost in the Mekong .Delta was sup-
posed to be another brief, routine visit with
an American soldier who has a family back
in middle Tennessee.
Then American bombs began falling on a
Vietcong encampment 3 miles away. It was
still a brief visit-I was at Ba Dua only an
hour. But It certainly wasn't routine.
I had asked the Defense Department to ar-
range for me to see as many men as possible
from Tennessee during my 2-week visit to
Vietnam, and they obliged. One of those I
was to see was Capt. David L. Pemberton,
stationed at Ba Dua, whose wife, Martha
Anne, and 5-year-old son live in Clarksville.
The next thing I knew I was on my way to
Ba Dua (pronounced Bah Zooah) 55 miles
south of Saigon and the helicopter pilot was
saying to me: "We will have to go in very
high and then drop down fast right beside
the fort."
"Why is that?" I asked.
"The Vietcong are still around this place,"
he said. "You don't want to give them any-
thing to take a pot shot at, do you?"
His question didn't seem to warrant an an-
swer. I began to wonder if Captain Pember-
ton really had anything to tell me, after all.
Then we were dropping down out of the sky
and Pemberton was coming out to meet me.
"Welcome to scenic Ba Dua," he shouted
above the roar of the helicopter. The pilot
said he would be back in an hour and asked
that I be ready. Then he went up and away.
"We don't think It is wise to just leave a
helicopter sitting here on the ground for any
length of time," Captain Pemberton told me
as we walked toward his fort. "It might give
the Vietcong some ideas and they might get
reckless."
Ba Dua is a South Vietnamese showplace.
Until last November the village and the ad-
joining fort were a Vietcong stronghold.
Then the government forces took the enemy
Vietcong by surprise and drove the Com-
munists away. Twice since then-in Decem-
ber and again. In January-the Vietcong have
attacked and tried to take back Ba Dua.
Both times the government forces have held
on and they still are in control of Ba Dua.
"We are now beginning to spread our cir-
cle of influence wider and wider," Dave Pem-
berton told me. "We have patrols out every
night, keeping on the move. We keep the
Vietcong guessing. We can't sit here on
our tails and be taken by surprise."
The fort is located on a little elevated
knob in a clearing surrounded by thick jun-
gle underbrush. A half-dozen zig-zagging
rows of barbed wire surround the fort and
a short distance away new hut-like buildings
are going up.
Pemberton pointed out over the area to
where the village is located. "They are good
people, the Vietnamese, I like them. They
have been kicked around a lot by the Viet-
cong. But they know things are going to
be better for them"
The captain turned his back on the village
and pointed in the opposite direction. "We
get good intelligence from the villagers and
they indicate that there are some Vietcong
out there about 2 or 3 miles," he said. "We
have given that information to the district
and we are hoping to get an air strike out
there."
Pemberton didn't know it, and neither did
I, but at that moment three American B-57
jet bombers were on the way.
I began to talk to Pemberton about his
family at home in Clarksville. His wife, he
told me, was the former Martha Anne An-
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Mayo, 1965
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
derson, a native of Clarksville and she and
little David live now with her' mother, Mrs.
Gordon Anderson, at 925 Crossland Averiue,
in Clarksville, Mrs. Anderson, said the cap-
tain, is employed by McNeal & Edwards De-
partment Store inthe children's department.
"I'm crazy about middle Tennessee," said
Pemberton, a native of New Orleans and a
graduate of West Point. "I might like to live
there some day."
Suddenly, as I was asking him questions,
Pemberson called to one of his men, a
sergeant.
"Go get Dai-uy Ro," he shouted. "We are
about to have an air strike." He stood up
and pointed out to the area where earlier
he had told me the Vietcong were supopsed
to be located..
"Look at those planes," he said to me.
"We are going to get them. Our information
was correct. They are going to hit right
out there.-
A light, single engine L-5 observation plane
was circling low over the heavy brush area
where Pemberton -had earlier said the Viet-
cong were located. High above that obser-
vation plane three B-57 bombers were cir-
cling.
The sergeant, D. C. Rock, of Chambersberg,
Pa., was back on top of the fort now with
a Vietnamese dressed in a T-shirt.
"This is my friend and my fellow officer,"
said Pemberton. His name is Dai-uy Nguyen
Van Ro." I shook hands with Captain Ro
and Pemberton pointed out the planes.
At about this time the three B-57's started
to dive. They came straight down toward
earth and at the last second, at treetop level,
they pulled out.
"I saw their bombs," shouted Pemberton.
Others inside the fort began clambering up
to see the airstrike. The planes were well
up in the air when the i}rst explosion rocked
the earth where we were standing. The ex-
plosion sounded very loud. There were three
of them on that first pass.
"I like it, I like it," Sergeant Rock shouted.
By this time the planes were making a second
dive. Again they zoomed down to the tops
of the trees, then straightened up-and again
the three thundering blasts shook the
ground.
"What a show," said Pemberton.
I looked at the Vietnamese captain. He
was smiling. "What a show, indeed," he
said. For about 15 minutes we stood on the
top of the fort as the planes made perhaps
20 passes.
Each time they came down they unloaded
bombs, and there were shattering blasts.
Once, after they pissed, there was a
second, louder concussion.
"They got something good, then," said
Pemberton, "that was a secondary explo-
sion." Shortly afterward smoke began to
climb from the forest area. Pemberton said
he was certain that some of the explosions
had been napalm bombs.
The airstrikes created considerable ex-
citement in the fort. It continued even after
the planes had gone. I got back to my in-
terview of Pemberton. He told me who the
men were stationed with him. Rock, and
the two other Americans, Lt. Robert C.'John-
son of Greensburg, Pa., and Sgt Milton Pol-
lack of New York. Both of them were away
from the fort, during my visit.
I asked Pemberton about his Vietnamese
counterpart, Ro.
"I have heard all sorts of things about the
Vietnamese fighting man, but in my opinion
you can't give them too much credit. This
man is the best. And those he leads are very
good.
"Ro's brother was killed by the Vietcong,"
said Pemberton,
"Apd maybe that makes
him a better soldier. At any rate, he is very,
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
Before I left Saigon I had interviewed Gen.
William C. Westmoreland and he had told
me that his men in 'the' field working as'
advisers to the Vietnarese, "are some of the
most dedicated men the Army has' ever seen.
"They are working with missionary zeal
with these people," Westmoreland said. As
I talked with Pemberton I realized that he
was one of those about whom Westmoreland
was talking. He is tough, bright and com-
pletely involved in the business of winning
this unusual war by helping make the South
Vietnamese better soldiers.
I told Pemberton that many Americans
didn't look upon American soldiers in Viet-
nam as "advisers" but as warriors.
"Well there are four of us Americans here,"
he said. "I am a battalion adviser. I sug-
gest. I offer ideas. I give advice. And
Dai-uy Ro works well with me. We have a
good relationship. But he leads.
"There are men just like me all over this
land," said Pemberton. "Some of them may
not be as fortunate in having a good man
like Ro at his side. But all of us are faced
with the job of giving advice-not orders.
Any American who doubts we are advisers
should come out here and take a look, and
try to understand," he said. "Sure if we get
shot at we shoot back. But that doesn't
make us any less advisers and it certainly
doesn't make us any Tess soldiers."
He took me around the fort-which he
called "Ba Dua Hilton." The living quarters
were underground-tunnels cut out of the
clay earth. Two Vietnamese soldiers were
operating a radio-one of them churning a
manual generator.
Pemberton shone a flashlight into a dark-
ened room where a group of soldiers were
sleeping. "They were on patrol last night,"
he said. In his own quarters he showed me
the hammock bunks the Americans have put
up along the walls.
"When we first got here we used sleeping
bags on the floor," he said. "This is a little
more comfortable. He has a tape recorder
and he and his wife exchange tapes, in addi-
tion to daily letters.
"The mail comes pretty regular," said Pem-
berton. "It takes about 5 days going and
coming."
Outside Pemberton showed me "all the
conveniences of home"-his bath: a dirty
canal where each day he bathes. "It may
look murky to you-but it looks just great
to me," he said. About 50 feet from the
fort a small hut is located where a Vietnam-
ese woman operates a restaurant.
"I call it the local Howard Johnson," said
the captain. He showed me Captain Ro's
fighting cock, and the fort's pet dog-
a mongrel which has been named "Sambo
Molotov."
We sat down in the underground mess hall
and Pemberton had beer with ice sent in
from the Howard Johnson.
He talked about the unique nature of the
war.
"This is really psychological war, with the
Vietcong," he said. "We call it psy-war be-
cause they are constantly trying to confuse
and mislead the people." He lit up the short
butt of a cigar he usually clamps between his
teeth, and he told about a Vietcong ambush
that had taken place April 3 when 10 of the
Vietcong soldiers had been killed.
"Outside the two attacks the Vietcong
made trying to take Ba Dua back," he said,
"that thing April 3 was the worst we have
been hit."
Two of the dead, he said, were daptured.
When it became apparent that they were
anti-Vietcong, their hands- were tied behind
them and they were beaten to death. Two
others captured were later released, Pember-
ton said.
A2587
"They kept them for' about 3 weeks and
they pumped them for information," he said.
"During this time they fed them well and
fattened them up so when they came back
they would tell our soldiers about how well
the Vietcong treat them."
Pemberton said when the soldiers came
back they told everything they had told the
Vietcong.
"Among other things they wanted to know,
was who was here for the Americans. They
took my name and the names of the others.
We later heard they were offering rewards for
us. They want to pay about 99,000 piastros
for me. That makes me worth about $700,"
he laughed.
He told of a recent incident in which a
Vietcong girl tried to lure government sol-
diers into a Vietcong trap. She was identi-
fled as a spy, however, and the plot was
foiled.
"This is a trick they try sometimes," he
said.
Government soldiers killed her, said Pem-
berton. "They showed her, corpse to the
villagers and they said: "Look here. She
was with the Vietcong and this is the fate of
all those who help Vietcong--death."
I asked Pemberton if he condoned this
type action.
"I don't condone it, but I don't condemn it,
either," he said. "This is the Vietnamese
way of fighting a war. She would have lured
some ARVN (regular army) soldiers to their
death. They beat two of our men to death.
This is war. I'm an adviser and they don't
ask my advice on something like this. And
I don't offer it. I think all of us are harder
who have been out here for awhile."
Back on top of the fort waiting for the
helicopter Pemberton pointed out four huts
going up nearby. "That is going to be a new
life hamlet," he said. "The government is
building it. The army is doing the work on
it. Two days ago it wasnt there. Part of psy-
war is to get the people to work to help them-
selves.
"There are many things being done-a pig
program; new farming techniques are being
taught; medical advice is being offered-the
army inoculated the children awhile back.
The school, which was practically closed dur-
ing the time the Vietcong were here, is now
back open."
A favorite project of the Vietcong has been
to murder teachers who talk to the children
about freedom or in favor of the government
and, against communism.
"Much of the good that is being done is
attributed by the people to the Americans,"
said Pemberton. He told of one incident in
which a Lutheran church in Madison, Wis.,
sent clothing to the villagers of Ba Dua.
"Now my mother has a similar project
going at the Lutheran church in New Or-
leans," he said. "It makes a great difference
to these people. They know where the assist-
ance comes from."
Pemberton said in recent days he has noted
an increase in the intelligence he has received
from villagers. He attributes some of this to
the air strikes which the people have heard
about.
"We know, for instance, that we have 13
mines in roads around here somewhere. We
had 14 until yesterday when we found one.
We still don't have the exact locations of all
the mines. But I think we'll find them."
By now the helicopter was coming to take
me away. I shook hands with Dave Pember-
ton, Sergeant Rock and Captain Ro.
"Tell the folks at home I'm well and safe,"
said Pemberton. "And come back to see us
again sometime when you can bring those
lovely B-57's with you."
And so, as the-helicopter lifted me quickly
into the air and to the north I said farewell to
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67BOb446R000300190018-0.
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 2.; 1965
HON. JOHN 0. MARSH, JR.
OF VIRGI'I1A
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. MARSH. Mr. Speaker, I was im-
pressed by an address delivered on the
occasion-of Armed Forces Week by Jo-
seph A. Califano, Jr., the special assist-
ant to the Secretary and Deputy Secre-
tary of Defense, at the Armed Forces
Week luncheon at the Sheraton Hotel,
in Philadelphia, Pa., on May 14, 1965.
Under leave to extend my remarks in
the Appendix, I include the text of this
significant message:
ADDRESS HY MR. CALIFANO
Armed Forces Week is primarily an occa-
sion for honoring the men and women, past
and present, who have worn the uniform of
our country. There could be no more ap-
propriate place to offer such tribute than
the city of Philadelphia. This city's con-
tribution to the military history of America
is older than the Nation itself.
The first body of troops assembled to de-
fend the 13 American Colonies, the nucleus
of the Continental Army, consisted of two
companies of riflemen from Virginia, two
from Maryland, and six from Pennsylvania.
When George Washington rode north to
assume command of the new Continental
Army, he was escorted out of Philadelphia by
the Light Horse of the city of Philadelphia,
which we know today as the 28th Infantry
Division of the Pennsylvania National Guard.
This history was very much in President
Johnson's mind when he recently addressed
the subject about which I will speak this
afternoon-the situation in Vietnam. The
President said:
"Americans and Asians are dying for a
world where each people may choose its own
path to change. This is the principle for
which our ancestors fought in the valleys of
Pennsylvania. It is the principle for which
our sons fight in the jungles of Vietnam."
Vietnam is the major challenge which
presently confronts this country and par-
ticularly the men and women in the Armed
Forces. "Some may consider it a small war,"
President Johnson said, "but to the men who
give their lives, it is the last war."
The fact that our forces are supporting
the Government of South Vietnam, a small
country on the far side of the globe, has
generated currents of confusion in some ele-
ments of American opinion. Much of this
confusion, it seems to me, reflects a lack of
knowledge about certain basic facts concern-
ing Vietnam.
There are four principal questions regard-
ing Vietnam which seems to occasion most
of this discussion:
Who started the war in Vietnam and how
is it being fought?
Why are we involved?
What, exactly, are we doing?
And, finally, what do we hope to accom-
plish?
To understand the origin of this conflict,
we must recall that the Vietnamese are an
ancient people who enjoyed independence for
several centuries until 100 years ago, when The war in Vietnam is not a war as we
the French assumed control in what is now have known war. It is not a conflict where
Vietnam. The Vietnamese people recovered
their independence at the end of World War
II by successfully resisting the returning
French. Unfortunately, as has happened
more than once in the postwar world, what
may have begun as a broad-based national
resistance soon lost control to the Commu-
nists-in this case, the forces of Ho Chi
Minh, who in 1930 first organized the Com-
munist Party in Vietnam. Eventually, fol-
lowing the settlement in 1954, the Ho Chi
Minh forces were given undisturbed control
of the territory north of the 17th parallel.
South Vietnam, in turn, was to be given an
opportunity to conduct its own affairs in
peace unalined and apart from the global
power struggle.
The United States, under President Eisen-
hower, attempted to assist the peaceful de-
velopment of South Vietnam through eco-
nomic aid and advice. In the 5-year period
from 1954 to 1959, we saw concrete evidence
that South Vietnam was beginning to achieve
its objective. More than 140,000 peasant
families were given land under an agrarian
reform program; the transportation syktem
was almost entirely rebuilt; rice and rubber
production surpassed all previous highs in
South Vietnamese history; and construction
was underway on several manufacturing
plants.
} At this juncture, the Communist leaders
in Hanoi lanuched in earnest their program
for the so-called liberation of South Vietnam.
In September 1960 the Third Congress of the
North Vienamese Communist Party formally
called for a maximum effort to liberate South
Vietnam and for creation of a National
Front for the Liberation of the South-the
organization which became the political arm
of the Vietcong. To the Ho Chi Minh Com-
munists, liberation meant sabotage, terror,
and assassination. It meant attacks on ham-
lets and villages. It meant the synthematic,
coldblooded murder of thousands of school-
teachers, health workers, local officials, and
their wives and children.
Yet today, the propaganda apparatus in
Hanoi contends that the fighting is an in-
digenous revolution--a civil war, they claim,
not armed aggression. The facts, however,
are incontrovertible:
Since 1959, at least 40,000 trained guer-
rillas-the equivalent of two U.S. divisions-
have infiltrated South Vietnam from the
North. (And this figure is low, for each in-
filtration is established by two Vietcong pris-
oners, two captured documents, or one of
each.)
Guerrilla terrorists, last year alone, killed
or kidnaped 9,759 Vietnamese civilians-
men, women, and children-who had no offi-
cial connection with the Vietnamese govern-
ment. If this had happened in the United
States, it would have meant, in proportion-
ate terms, 143,000 citizens slain or kidnaped
every year.
Guerrilla terrorists last year also killed or
kidnaped 1,536 village chiefs and other local
officials in an organized effort to destroy the
government's power to function and to pro-
tect its citizens.
A combat unit of the regular North Viet-
namese Army-the 2d Battalion of the 101st
Regiment of the 325th Division-is now oper-
ating in the central highlands of South Viet-
nam.
A major element of the North Vietnamese
Army-the 70th Transportation Group-
exists solely for the purpose of moving in-
filtrators from north to south.
We have captured or sunk Communist ves-
sels off the shore of South Vietnam laden
with weapons and hundreds of thousands
rounds of military ammunition.
The South Vietnamese Army has captured
Chinese and other Communist bloc arms
and ammunition in virtually every area of
conventional military forces face each other
across a traditional battlefield. It certainly
is not an internal rebellion fought for the
benefit of the unfortunate people on whose
land it rages. It is thinly concealed aggres-
sion--with the unconcealed objective of sub-
jugating an independent people.
The next question which arises is, What,
does all this have to do with us? Is saving
Vietnam worth the American lives that have
been lost and the dollars that have been
spent to provide economic and military as-
sistance to a small nation on the other side
of the earth?
Three American Presidents-Eisenhower,
Kennedy, and Johnson-have answered this
question with a resounding "yes." And for
many reasons; the most obvious reason is
that South Vietnam is a member of the free
world family and has asked for help to pre-
serve its independence. As President John-
son has said:
"Around the globe from Berlin to Thai-
land are people wh ose well-being rests in
part on the belief that they can count on us
if they are attacked. To leave Vietnam to
its fate would shake the confidence of all
these people in the value of an American
commitment and in the value of America's
word. The result would be increased un-
rest and instability, and even wider war."
Another reason for our support is that
Vietnam is truly a test case of what the
Communists call wars of liberation, and
what we know to be externally directed ter-
rorist subversion. In Secretary McNamara's
words :
"We may be certain that as soon as they
had established their control over South
Vietnam, the Communists would press their
subversive operations in Laos and then in
Thailand, and we would have to face this
same problem all over again in another place
or permit them to have all of southeast
Asia by default. Thus, the choice is not
simply whether to continue our efforts to
keep South Vietnam free and independent,
but, rather, whether to continue our strug-
gle to halt Communist expansion in Asia. Ti
the choice is the latter, as I believe it should
be, we will be far better off facing the issue
In South Vietnam."
The next question, then, is, What are we
doing to stop the aggression? First, we are
continuing the effort which began several
years ago-we are assisting the South Viet-
namese with economic aid, with agricultural
experts, with engineers, and with doctors and
nurses and medical supplies. But this aid
cannot be truly effective in an atmosphere
of terror designed to create anarchy.
The first requirement of any government
must be the ability to control its territory
and protect its people. The guerrilla terror-
ism rampant in South Vietnam must be met
and overcome. We are assisting the South
Vietnamese to accomplish this internally with
arms, materiel, and military support and ad-
visers. At the same time we recognize that
the guerrilla terrorism in South Vietnam is
inspired, supported, and controlled by Hanoi.
This is the reality, and we have determined to
face that reality. We are taking action both
to weaken their effort by forcibly curtailing
the flow of men and supplies, and to impress
upon the North Vietnamese that continuing
aggression will be costly.
We are taking this action with great re-
luctance after the most careful considera-
tion at the highest levels of our Government,
the most specific warnings to Hanoi, and the
persistent accumulation of outrages by North
Vietnam against South Vietnam and Ameri-
cans located there. The record of the past
year Is one of the greatest examples of pa-
tience and restraint in the face of extreme
provocation. Let me review that record.
On February 9, 1964, the Vietcong exploded
bombs under the bleachers during a soft-
ball game in Saigon, killing 2 Americans and
injuring 23, including 7 women and 1 child.
One week later, the Vietcong attacked a
movie theater, killing 3 Americans and
wounding 35, including 9 women and chil-
dren. This kind of terrorism persisted in
South Vietnam throughout 1964, yet the
United States took no action to retaliate.
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
May 24, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL' RECORD - APPENDIX
The first, air strike on a North Vietnamese
target by American planes did not occur un-
til after two attacks on our own ships in the
Gulf of Tonkin last August. On August 2,
1964, 'Torth teenamese boats attacked the
U.S. destroyer Maddox in international
waters off the Gulf of Tonkin. We took no
military action against North Vietnam. Our
only response was a clear statement by the
President that we intended to exercise our
rights to be in international waters, and the
dispatch of another destroyer to the Gulf of
ronkin to reaffirm our-rights under inter-
national law.
North Vietnam boats again attacked our
iestroyers 2 days later, on August 4. At this
Joint, the United' States retaliated by air
strikes limied to the naval bases which were
he home ports of the boats `and an oil
storage area which supported them. Our re-
baliation was appropriate and fitting. It did
not extend beyond August 5. As President
Johnson said on August 5, "We still seek no
wider war.
There were,no U.S. attacks on North-
Viet-nam between August 5, 1964, and February 7,
1965-a period of 6 months. During this
period, the President reaffirmed hi,-, desire for
peaceful settlement. "We are willing to go
anywhere, any time, talk to anyone, and try
to reason together for peace," he said. "We
would rather talk than fight."
The Vietcong responded to this restraint
and these peace overtures by intensifying
their acts of terrorism. On November 1, 1964,
they attacked the Bienhoa Airfield, killing
4 Americans and wounding 72. On November
18, 1964, they bombed a snack bar in Saigon,
wounding 18 Americans. On Christmas Eve,
they bombed the Brink Hotel, killing 2 Amer-
icans and wounding 64. Still we took no
action.
Finally, on February 7 of this year, the
Vietcong attacked the barracks and airfield
at Pleiku, killing 9 Americans and wounding
107. Asa result, U.S. planes attacked the
North Vietnamese Army barracks at Dong Hoi
and Chap Le. Again; we made it plain that
this was a limited response to a specific at-
tack. As the President said at the time, "The
response is appropriate and fitting. As the
U.S. Government has frequently stated, we
seek no wider war. Whether or not this
course can be maintained lies with the North
10 when they attaeked the U.S. enlisted men's
barracks at Qui Nhon, killing 23 Americans
and 7 South Vietnamese, and wounding 21
Americans. Once again, we responded in a
limited fashion by bombing the Vietnamese
Army barracks at Chap Le and Chanh Hoa on
the following day.
For. 3 weeks there were no further attacks
on North Vietnam by our planes. The Viet-
cong, however, continued In their acts of ter-
rorism. Accordingly, at the end of those 3
weeks, on March 2, we struck the Xom Bang
ammunition depot and the Quang Khe naval
base in North Vietnam.
Again we paused in our raids, and no air
attacks were carried out against the North
for the next 11 days. During that period
the Vietcong exploded a bomb in a bar fre-
quented by U.S. personnel in Saigon, killing
two Americans and three Vietnamese, and
wounding five other Vietnamese. The Viet-
cong attempted unsuccessfully to bomb
another U.S. barracks in Saigon.
In `short, Vietcong terrorism continued
unabated, and has continued up to the
present day. As a consequence'we'and the
forces of South Vietnam have been obliged to
- engage in a continuing prdgrani of strikes de-
signed to?disable the'Infiltration apparatus
in North Vietnam and to lead the regime in
Hanoi to abandon its aggression against the
South. In this program we have specif-
ically limited ourselves to military targets
to avoid civilian casualties. The raids have
A2589
l
been frequent, but so have our indications destiny. It is the preservation of that right,
On March 19 a bomb in a loaf of areas
exploded, wounding four Americans in Sai-
gon. On March 30, Vietcong terrorist ex-
ploded a 250-pound bomb in front of the
U.S. Embassy, killing 2 Americans, including
1 woman, and 14 Vietnamese, and wounding
48 Americans and 106 Vietnamese, many of
them innocent bystanders. On April 4, a
Vietcong terrorist was apprehended at the
Grand Hotel at Danang carrying a plastic
explosive which he intended to use there.
On April 14, Vietcong terrorists exploded a
bomb in an ammunition storage site at Qui
Nhon, wounding 31 Americans. On April
.19, a Vietcong terrorist exploded a bomb in
a bar frequented by U.S. personnel in Ban
Me Thuot, wounding four Americans.
Only last weekend, the Vietcong mounted
their largest offensive in more than 2
months. They overran the capital of Phuo-
clong Province, occupying the town for more
than 6 hours before being driven off by Gov-
ernment forces. Five Americans were killed,
and 13 were wounded.
During this entire period, the President
has continued to state unequivocally our
willingness to seek a peaceful settlement in
Vietnam by talking "to any Government,
anywhere, and without any conditions."
The President said, as recently as last week:
"We will lay aside these weapons when
pgace comes-and we hope it comes swiftly.
But that is in the hands of others besides
ourselves.
"For months now we have waited for a
sign, a signal, even a whisper, but our offer
of unconditional discussions has fallen on
unreceptive ears. Not a sound has been
heard. Not a signal has been sighted. Still
we wait for a response. Still America is
anxious for peace.
From Peiping, on the other hand, comes
either silence-or active denunciation of the
peacemakers and the idea of negotiation.
On the anniversary of V-E Day, for example,
we find the official Chinece Communist pub-
lication, People's Daily, warning that "it is
absolutely impossible to gain through talks
what Is not won on the battlefield."
The issue in Vietnam is clear. The Com-
munists are determined that there shall be
no government save on Communist terms.
The answer to the fourth-and final-ques-
tion I have posed is equally clear: Our objec-
tive in Vietnam is to assure that a people
with the will to remain free and independent
shall have their chance to do so. More than
50,000 soldiers of South Vietnam have been
killed or wounded in battle for their country
since 1960. Last. year alone, the South Viet-
namese Army suffered 25 percent more battle
casualties, proportionately, than we incurred
in the entire 3 years of the Korean war.
And still they fight on. This is a nation
which is strongly resisting, not a popular up-
rising, but a calculated, brutal, and bloody
aggression from without.
A great philsopher once observed that those
who cannot learn history are condemned to
repeat it. The whole history of our century-
and, indeed, all history-proves conclusively
that the appetite for aggression is bound-
less. Aggression feeds on its own success.
There is no known instance of an aggressor
ceasing his efforts to subvert his neighbor's
freedom because his appetite was satisfied,
If we do not stand by South Vietnam today,
then we will surely be called upon to face the
challenge elsewhere, tomorrow and the day
after tomorrow. President Johnson has
chosen, with the overwhelming support of
the Congress, to face reality and meet the
challenge here and now. I know that he has
the firm support of the vast majority of the
people of this American Republic-a Repub-
lic which was born in a ;evolution to secure
the right of people to determine their own
Vietnam Report-0a IV
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOE L. EVINS
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. EVINS of Tennessee. Mr. Speak-
er, Mr. John Seigenthaler, able editor of
the Nashville Tennessean, is continuing
his penetrating reports on Vietnam.
Under unanimous consent, I include
the fourth in the series-published in
the Nashville Tennessean on May 20-
in the Appendix of the RECORD.
The article follows:
SOUTH VIETNAM FACE REFLECTS MANY
CONFLICTS
(By John Seigenthaler)
The face of South Vietnam reflects many
conflicts, many ironies, many moods.
It is a nation at war-and yet, except dur-
ing a Vietcong raid on a village, or a terrorist
bombing in the city-the civilians seem to be
a people at peace.
It is an impoverished nation-but strange-
ly not a hungry one. It is an. Illiterate na-
tion-but not an ignorant one. It is a na-
tion with little self-sustaining power-but
with considerable potentdal.
The men of Vietnam are intense and hard-
working-but they insist on taking a nap for
2 or 3 hours every afternoon, war or no war.
The women are lovely, sensitive, and fashion-
able-but they turn suddenly tired and old
in their middle years. The children are
captivating and charming but their darting
eyes have seen too much and betray minds
much older than their years.
Most of all the face of South Vietnam
reflects a nation which has lost its political
sense of direction and some of its national
pride. And if the people seem to be too free
from worry it may be because many of them
are cynical and no longer care.
It is strange how foreigners, exposed to
Americans, pick up the manner of speech of
Americans and apply it to their own needs.
For example the Vietnamese all across the
land, have adopted four English words-"too
bad about that"-for their own.
These four words are used to express every
Vietnamese reaction to disappointment. An
American civilian official working with the
aid program in Saigon, told me he has heard
the trite phrase used to express Vietnamese
reaction "to everything from a spilled cup of
coffee to the bombing of the American Em-
bassy.
"I think these people have seen so much
that they aren't shocked anymore," he said.
"They ask you for a cigarette and you don't
have one. "Too bad about that,' they say. A
few minutes later they read in the paper
that the Vietcong murdered a hamlet chief
friendly to Americans. 'Too bad about that,'
they say."
A few days after I arrived in this country I
was talking with an American officer in the
field and I asked him if he had heard the
phrase "too bad about that."
He suddenly became angry. "Shut that
up," he snapped. "It is bad enough that we
are the pessimistic, cynical people that we
are. But we don't have to give it to these
people. I hate those words because they
show us at our worst-and the Vietnamese
at their worst. We are here to try to show
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
A2590 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 24, 1965
these people how to build themselves up," he
said. "And the most popular words we are
able to give them tell them how to tear them-
selves down by not caring. They have got
to care."
I thought it was Interesting that four sim-
ple words of the English language could
create such conversation-even such con
troversy-halfway round the world in this
confused country.
And Vietnam is a confused country. It
goes beyond not knowing who the enemy Is
because the Vietcong seldom wear uniforms.
It goes beyond the political chaos that has
come from a series of coups topping one na-
tional goevrnment after the other.
For example, there has never been an effec-
tive official census count of the people in
South Vietnam. It is estimated that there
are 14 million people in the country-but
nobody knows for sure. There may be 15
million, or 13 million.
An American visitor who travels to various
sections of the country is certain to feel lost
as he moves from one area to another. But
that is not so strange in view of the fact that
many Vietnamese feel uncomfortable when
they move from one area to another.
There are four separate sections of this
country with distinctly different autlooks,
different economies, different environments.
1. The Mekong Delta, estimated to be home
of half the population of South Vietnam, is
the rice bowl of southeast Asia. Here the
peasant farmers grow enough rice to feed
all the mouths in North and South Viet-
nam-with enough left over for many Ameri-
can rice puddings. The delta, which also is
coconut country, has been the scene of re-
peated Vietcong attacks.
"The Vietcong want the delta because it
will help them feed North Vietnam and the
Chinese," an American briefing officer told
me. He pointed to two reports turned in on
2 successive days last week. These charts
indicated that on Tuesday 22 of 27 harassing
actions by the Vietcong occurred in the delta
area. The next day 13 of 17 harassing ac-
tions by the Vietcong were in the delta.
The delta farmers are poor, but their chil-
dren are well-fed if not well-washed. No-
body In the delta must do without food. It
came as a shock to me to learn that the
Vietcong impose a tax on the farmers. I
talked with a Government district chief, Ho
Van Trinh, of the Cho Gao Delta district.
He is an appointee of the Government in
Saigon and holds the rank of captain.
Through an interpreter he told me the
Vietcong tax farmers in his district at least
100 percent more than the Government taxes
them. If the farmer refuses to pay, the Viet-
cong may steal his crops, or burn them, or
draft his sons.
For this reason, said Trinh, the Vietcongs
are not popular In the delta.
What, I asked, do the Vietcong do with
the money they collect in taxes from delta
farmers? "They use it to put reward money
on the head of Americans, working to keep us
in the delta," he said.
2. Saigon, the major city and na-
tional capital, is completely different from
the delta. The people have come to depend
more directly on the influx of American sol-
diers to improve their standard of living.
"The French never paid good tips for any
service they received from people who work
as waiters or bellboys," said the manager
of the hotel where I stayed. "Now the Amer-
icana come and they give big tips. Every-
body has a higher standard of living," he said.
The taxation of business and business peo-
ple by the Vietnamese Government In the
central city is substantial. A British busi-
nessman who is stationed in Saigon told me
he pays 25 percent of his income to the
Government-"and I get practically not a
damned thing for it.
"I get no police protection. The water
is bad. The sewerage system is abominable.
The streets are all dirty and they won't col-
lect the garbage regularly. But my firm
does well here-and so here I stay," he said.
The Vietcong tries to collect taxes from
the cities too-but because the government
forces are so strong in Saigon the Viet-
cong operates subrosa, making demands
largely on bar operators who cater to Amer-
ican soldiers. In effect the Vietcong taxes
are "protection money" to keep the enemy
from tossing a bomb through the front door
and blowing up the place.
It has happened several times to bar oper-
ators who would not pay. Now the fronts of
bars are decorated with iron grillwork-as
additional protection against bombings.
Education is becoming more and more rec-
ognized as necessary by the South Viet-
namese. In 1955, as the French left Viet-
nam, about 350,000 children were in schools-
mostly in the major cities. Now there are
1,200,000 youngsters in schools.
Teaching has been an unpaid profession
in Vietnam.
The pay scale is now 1,400 piastras a
month. (The. official rate of exchange is
about 80 piastras to $1 but the black mar-
ket rate, which is carried on in every ho-
tel and on the street, runs close to 140
piastras to. $1). By comparison a regular
army soldier makes 1,166 piastras as base
pay each month.
I visited a school in Saigon. The children
were clean and well dressed-not at all like
the urchins I found around the hotel and
on the riverfront at all hours of the day and
night. The teachers were bright women,
most of whom spoke English and French.
Saigon is becoming more and more a cos-
mopolitan city. There are dozens of beggars
and street corner confidence men waiting
to pluck unsuspecting Americans. There are
places to eat and shops to choose from where
merchandise is on shelves-but many Viet-
namese make themselves at home on the side-
walk, opening their "shops" there, serving
and eating food there and at midday, tak-
ing their naps there.
3. The coastal area is supported almost
entirely by a fishing economy. Fly along the
long coastal area from Bac Lieu which is
near the southernmost tip of Vietnam, up to
Da Nang in the northern section of the
country and you can see little fishing ves-
sels offshore that number in the thousands.
Picturesque fishing villages dot the coast-
line and some of the most delicious seafood
in the world is available in almost every vil-
lage of any size. Along the coast about a
third of the distance up the shoreline be-
tween Saigon and the 17th parallel is Nha
Trang-called "the Riviera of Vietnam."
It has a beautiful beach and a lovely iso-
lated bay. Here the South Vietnamese have
established a recreational and rehabilitation
center for their armed forces-and there are
reports that the Viet Cong also send their
men to this area to recover from hardships
of war.
An American civilian located at Nha Trang
with the U.S. aid program told me he be-
lieves there is an unofficial truce in and
around Nha Trang and that both sides ob-
serve it so that these soldiers can recuperate
without fear of attack or capture.
Americans believe that the big leak in the
supply of arms coming from North Vietnam
to the Vietcong is by fishing boats, along the
coast and then inland.
Several large caches of arms have been lo-
cated near the coast reecntly-one after a
16-year-old, who has been trusted by the
Vietcong, defected to the government.
In an effort to stem the flow of arms from
north to south by sea, the U.S. Navy has been
aiding the meagre Vietnamese navy in the
search of fishing boats.
In 1964, for example, the amazing number
of 200,000 junks was checked by officials off
the South Vietnamese coast and for the first
three months of this year 47,000 more have
been checked.
Of these, 1,850 were detained last year and
518 have been detained this year.
This, of course, creates a bad impression
in the minds of the loyal South Vietnamese
fishermen who go out each morning to fi;l
up their nets-and who curse the patrol
boats which frighten away the fish. The
fishermen live a hard, rugged life-but again,
the food is plentiful along the coastal areas
and while few are rich, few are also hungry
The hot mountain area of South Vietnam
north of Saigon and in the direction of the
Cambodian and Laotian broders, is inhabited
by primitive tribes known as the Montag-
nards. These tribes-there are about eight
of them-do not consider themselves Viet-
namese, even though they reside within thr:
borders of Vietnam.
They live largely from the land, huntin1;
with bows and arrows. Their dress is usuall;,
scant and many of them have considered
themselves outside the reach of the South
Vietnamese Army draft.
They seem to like Americans and are ac-
cepting assistance from U.S. military and
civilian personnel. The U.S. aid program has
constructed a new technical school at Ban Me
Thout-the village considered headquarters
of the Montagnard Tribes.
Gradually some of the tribesmen have
come to accept military training. They seem
to resent the efforts by the Vietcong to lec=-
ture them on communism. They have pre-
sented a perplexing problem to the Govern-
ment, only emphasizing the differences in
people who make up South Vietnam.
A lieutenant stationed at Ban Me Tuoc,
working with Montagnard tribesmen, tolc
me: "I'm sure that Ambassador Maxwell
Taylor and Gen. William Westmoreland are
having their troubles helping the country
get a stable government.
"But," he said, "if they want to know what
real problems are, they should spend a week-
end up here with me dodging arrows."
He said it in a light vein. But his plight
serves to bring home the tremendous difficul-
ties Americans face as they try to bring sta-
bility to Vietnam by "winning the minds
and hearts of the people."
U.S. forces in Vietnam are working hard
to try to understand the Vietnamese-and
make them understand that the Vietcong
forces offer only tyranny and servitude. It
will take a long time to teach the Vietnam-
ese all they must know about democracy.
It may take longer than it will require to
drive the Vietcong out of this country-and
that will be a very long time.
Hoosier Capital's Newest Plus; Class-
rooms and Test Tubes
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR.
OF INDIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 5, 1965
Mr. JACOBS, Mr. Speaker, a great
deal of interest has been expressed re-
cently by my constituents in the 11th
District of Indiana about locating the
proposed new national accelerator lab-
oratory in Indianapolis. The Atomic
Energy Commission has indicated that a
suitable site for the accelerator would
contain at least 3,000 acres, have a large
supply of water available, and offer good
transportation, communication, housing,
educational, and cultural advantages.
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 May 24 196.Approved ForRReen~ee se 2003/11/04 CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
CONG~RESSIONA,. U ORD -- 4,PPJ NIXX
citizens, including some in .,religious groups, utilized to require a worker, in effect, to do most
who conscientiously believe that they should give his sup
ort t
t
l
p
o
he po
itical party whihl
c peope.
not be compelled to join any organization of the labor union endorses or to risk the dis- I have strong convictions about what the
a private nature. favor of union chiefs in the plant where he out of doors can do for the youth of our
Johnson, in his message to Congress this works. country,
week, did not make any reference to the r, particularly healthier id thh saxen of giving
constitutional rights of the citizen, nor did get into happier, healthier ktds who aren't likely to
he answer any of the objections frequently get trare ouble such with tibu slaw. What I hav-
raised in the past that the right to work is a Youth Needs the Out of Doors mind stability, moral l res ae fit-
raised right. In fact, Johnson, although dis- elnueit,te emotional n good citizenship. ral resdown,
hi
cussing at length a wider coverage of the EXTENSION OF REMARKS these things merely mean an a a proper down,
minimum-wage law, restrictions on "exces
proper attitude
sive overtime work" and changes in the un- of toward life and toward the
-
employment insurance program, made no HON. GARNER E. SHRIVER ahe boy or girlsac ck these something, I'm afraid,
a few millions
comprehensNe explanation of why he wants I get the
feeling them days.
Congress to eliminate the right-Ito-work laws OF 1ANSAS g sometimes that we have
a tendency If avorr responsibility iat in these
the, 19 .States, Ti?e,President's reference IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES matters. f we worry about ut it at all, we de-
to, this proposed arnendment of the National Monday, May 24, 1965 tide that juvenile delinquency is a problem
Labor Relations Act reads in lull text as fol- that should be solved by the schools, the
lows: Mr, SHRIVER. Mr. Speaker, Mr. churches, the police or the Government,
,Finally, with the hope of reducing con- Sheldon Coleman, a constituent of mine maybe. But I wonder whether we're not
flicts in our national labor policy that for who heads the Coleman Co., Inc., in dead wrong in feeling this way, particularly
several years have divided Americans in varf- Wichita, Kans., has written an enlight- when there's so much proof that we, and I
out States, I recommend the. repeal of sec- ening and has written am thinking especiall of s n 14(b) of the Taft-Hartley Act with such thought-provoking article In y portsmeo and
other, technical, changes as are made neces- the May 1965 issue of Sports Afield mag- other outdoor-minded people, could do a lot
sary by this action."_ _? azine. to keep our youth from going astray.
I discovered
outdoor that there positive evidence
Although the President submitted the Mr. Coleman is thoroughly dedicated that real outdoor kids rarely get t Into serious
d afts of tbillt -' did nothe t other changes that to the young boys, and girls of this Na- difficulty with.the law. Juvenile Court Judge so with to the amendment that would abolish respect
ht- Lion and to the great outdoors of Amer- William G. Long, of Seattle, heard 45,000
to-Work laws, He merely said: g ica. I commend the article and his ideas cases Involving boys and girls over a 20-
"Bills embodying the third (proposal) to my colleagues for their consideration ? year period and discovered that not one of
it could not be said that the issues "for sev- You know, sometimes you have to wonder
eras years have divided Americans in several about intellectual America.
States." Asa, it is rare indeed that an im- We spend billions building schools, equip
portent piece of legislation-such as the ab- these schools with the latest and best teach-
olition of civil rights-does not get any more ing equipment and then for 12 years cram
extended explanation from the Chief Execu- science, mathematics, foreign languages and
tive than was contained in the massage sub- other academic subjects into our children's
witted to Congress on Tuesday of this week. heads. Those who go on to college get 4 more
While Congress has been aware of many years of much the same medicine and then
abuses that have occurred in the exercise of are turned out in the world to make a living,
labor union power, it has lately avoided car- These young men and women are then sup-
reotive measures,, In fact, the amount of posed to be properly equipped to fill a niche
pressure exerted by labor unions on Congress in our competitive industrial society and to
and on the executive branch of the Govern- become a part of the vast team designed to
moot has been considerable, It is commonly keep the United States on top in the race for
belie
ed th
t
v
a
much of th lb space and
eaor .union in- arms supremacy.
fluence Is due to the amount of money col. We do a good job in. e...,..,__
1. the young
c ttueeuy oeen introduced in Congress." YOUTH NEEDS THE OUT OF DOORS
There is hardly any phase of the problem (Ev Ch eirins n ,
J. Edgar Hoover, famed Director of the
- Federal . Bureau of Investigation, came up
with just as startling a discovery. Case his-
tories of the most-wanted criminals over the
years revealed that fewer than 1 percent had
ever been Boy Scouts. This is a tribute not
only to scouting but to the outdoors as well.
The inference is obvious-the outdoor train-
ing and experience received by Scouts keep
them from deviating from the straight and
narrow path and make them proud to be
good citizens.
This character-building influence is not
restricted to young people alone, either.
J. J. Jones, a jailer of Knox County, Tenn.,
examined the belongings of 10,000 inmates
over a period of years and discovered that
fewer than 2 percent had owned a hunting
and
tributed to Cori- wo men for this role in society, Surely, statistics like these should make
congressional
c ampaigns. and presidential but we're overlooking one rather important any responsible individual think. And I
think-we forget to teach them what to do believe a lot can be, done by the individual.
The Federal Government, moreover, has when they're not working, I'm sure many parents and
been lax in enforcing the Federal Corrupt We overlook the fact that they're probably want to do grundpaeopte
Practices Abt. The labor unions get around going to work no more than 40 hours a week, closest something for the young pe to them. . And nd I like to think that
at
some of the prohibitions in the existing law perhaps as few as 30. In addition, most will an adult's responsibility and interest should
by appointing special committees, but it is have a long vacation sometime during the not necessarily end with his own. Too many
well known that the salaries of many of the year. This means that they should have boys and girls today don't have parents who
workers on, these committees are paid out about 60 to 70 hours a week of leisure time- care or who have the time to be bothered.
of union dues, and the existing statute for- almost twice as much as the average per- But to my mind, the real answer to this
bids labor unions and corporations to make son's working time. Yet we're doing very problem is to move the great outdoors into
any political contributions and defines a con- little about teaching our sons and daughters the Nation's classrooms. Or, if you prefer,
tribution as anything of value. how to use this time to keep themselves move the classrooms outdoors, occasionally.
The workers in 19 States who have been healthy and happy. By doing this, I am convinced we would see
-free from coercion now may face a compul- For too many people today, both young a startling change in the incidence of juven-
sory unionization program. Theoretically, a and adult, leisure time is a curse. So very, ile delinquency, the lack of physical fitness,
worker who is.employed in a business that very many fail to find wholesome activities and the growing prevalence of emotional dis-
is not interstate in character could still re- and hobbies that, to borrow a Boy Scout orders. In fact, I have decided in my own
fuse to join a union under existing State phrase, will keep them "physically strong, mind that such a move is imperative to the
laws. Butthe phrase interstate commerce mentally awake, and morally straight." And future of America and its people.
has been broadened so much in the recent one of the chief reasons why so many today Let's digress just a moment and look at
civil rights law in order to.remove racial dis- take to alcohol, have nervous breakdowns, these projected benefits. What about this
crimination in hiring employees that it may wind up in mental hospitals and deteriorate business of physical fitness? If you don't
be doubted whether any substantial number morally is that they were never taught in think it's bad, ask your son to do a half
of jobs in any State could be classed today school how to use their leisure hours in dozen pushups. If he's on the football team,
as outside Federal Jurisdiction. some kind of body strengthening, mentally he'll be able to do it. If he isn't, chances are
lt ds ip.deed rgnical that discrimination refreshing, wholesome form of recreation. he'll be lucky to do one. In fact, he prob-
canbe prohibited by reason of race or reli- Oh sure, they had gymnastics in school; ably won't even want to try.
gion or color but that discrimination is to be some learned to play football and basketball; I'm sure that people today, young and old,
permitted as a worker is compelled to join a but these aren't things you do after you get need more muscular conditioning. Our way
union or lose his job whenever the union gets out of school. Did they get a chance to learn of life works against physical fitness. Too
the upper hand in any business or industry. of the delights of camping, fishing, hunting, many moderns ride to work or school, sit
In Russia, every plant or factory is domi- boating, outdoor photography, bird watch- behind desks, operate machinery to do their
nated by members of the Communist Party. ing, nature study, hiking, and the dozens of labors for them, and sit in front of television
In America, the law which compels a worker other things they could do the rest of their sets for their spare-time amusement. Those
to join a union could perhaps be similarly lives,? These are the. pursuits _,I believe can who develop a keen interest in some active
A2605
to keep America a nation of great
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX May 24, 1965
form of outdoor recreation feel better and
live longer than those who participate in
sports only as spectators.
I'm positive, too, that the blessings of the
out of doors are just as effective for keeping
all ages on an even keel mentally. In this
age of stress and strain, American people
each year consume 11 million pounds of
aspirin, 17 billion sleeping pills, and so many
tranquilizer pills that it's impossible to keep
up with the changing figures, in an effort to
ease their psychological problems. This
hardly sounds as If we Were living well-
adjusted, carefree lives, does it? Doctors
spend countless hours consulting with pa-
tients with nothing more seriously *gong
than'self-induced aches, pains,'andanguish.
The solitude of forest or stream, the re-
laxation of casting a fly over a trout, the
honking of wild geese in the sky all serve
as soothing sedatives to frayed nerves and
weary minds. A noted Philadelphia physi-
cian, Dr. Raymond West, recently made the
statement that he firmly believes that the
United States could' dispense with the serv-
ices of 50,000 doctors if people would fully
utilize the blessings found close to nature.
This simply means that persons who get
outdoors regularly seldom become patients
in mental hospitals, seldom have nervous
breakdowns or mental illnesses and are not
often people who suffer With ulcers, insomnia
or even bad dispositions. Does a man With
a 5-pound bass on the end of his line worry
that his income tax is due? And whoever
heard of a person who needed a pill to go
to sleep after following a bird dog all day?
What better tributes can we find for the
stabilizing influence of the out of doors?
And while I'm at it, I might mention a
sort of bonus benefit. The outdoors and the
Wonderful variety of recreation it has to offer
can do a great deal for family togetherness,
too. Families that play together in the
wholesome atmosphere of wood and water
stay together. This closeness brings a respect
' anduihderstanding that can be credited with
reducing juvenile delinquency and even the
divorce rate. Such an outdoor-education program' as I
sincerely propose for the country's schools
could open up a Whole hew World for many
young people. And as these young people
develop an enthusiasm_ for the out of doors,
It could mark the beginning of a benign
cycle. Suddenly, they would become aware
of the need for clean waters, green forests,
the protection of wildlife and the preserva-
tion of the Nation's soils. They would be-
come-conservation conscious and willing to
fight for the good things upon which their
good life depended through the remainder of
their lives.
We need to act and act fast as the demand
for outdoor recreation grows by leaps and
bounds. Clean water is perhaps one of the
most pressing of the various conservation
problems, because about 60 percent of all
outdoor recreation is water based, and pol-
luted water has little to offer for this purpose.
the loss of streams and lakes has been
staggering In the past half.century. Indus-
trial wastes, sewage from towns and cities,
and mine seepage have` ruined fishing, camp-
ing; boating, picnickinig, and other activities
.along thousands of miles of streams and
,lakes. In .many sections, economically de-
pressed areas are contiguous with regions of
heavily polluted waters. The recreational
Industry, the No. i source of income
in many rdgtons, has been a.'hnost completely
eliminated by defiled streams, lakes, and
bays
It's extremely' 'impoitant that we
strengthen present legislation to encourage
cities and towns to build adequate sewage-
disposal installations. Through Federal and
Mate action, we need to inaugurate a pro-
gram of restoration for streams already lost
to pollution.
We need, too, to take a' new Iook at the
management of public lands. President
Johnson has stated: "If we are to do today
what tomorrow requires, we must proceed
without delay on a national program to set
aside the parks and seashores, the wildlife
refuges, and the waterfowl wetlands which
our future generations will need."
Certainly, because fish and wildlife are
vital to so many forms of outdoor recreation,
there is a need for more stringent conserva-
tion measures to protect these resources.
Now, if I have in any way convinced you
as a sportsman that outdoor education would
be desirable, or is even necessary, for our 50
million schoolchildren, where do we go from
here? How do we go about seeing that every
child at least gets an introduction to these
leisure-time activities, so that he or she will
get to know that there are cool, green forests
and clean streams with trout and bass, that
there are fishing rods and tents, guns and
canoes, birds and flowers, and all the other
things that make the out of doors and out-
door sports so fascinating and rewarding?
I think that this has to be a federally
sponsored project, with money allocated to
help schools set up such a program. I also
realize that it will requre acceptance by
State educational departments and local
school boards.
In addition to the legislative needs and
the official sanction within the States,
trained instructors are going to be neces-
sary to make the effort a success. Already
some universities offer courses in outdoor
recreation. At Michigan State University,
teachers can get graduate credit in outdoor
recreation during a summer short course.
Other universities would certainly include
this training in their physical education cur-
riculums if the demand were sufficient.
Outdoor education In the Nation's schools
is not something completely new and untried.
Right now, about 1,000 school districts over
the country offer 1-week outdoor schools as
a part of the regular program. Other schools
have hunting and fishing clubs and general
outdoor clubs. Michigan State University
has maintained an outdoor education project
for 10 years under the joint sponsorship of
the American Association for Health, Physical
Education and Recreation and the American
Fishing Tackle Manufacturers Association.
Through the work of Julian W. Smith, direc-
tor of the project, the university has gained
a tremendous amount of knowledge concern-
ing the best methods and techniques for pre-
senting the out-of-doors to students.
The die has been cast and the trail blazed.
All that's required now is public awareness
of the need, and the advantages, of outdoor
education In the schools and action by school
officials under a Government-sponsored pro-
gram. Sportsmen can help, activate this pro-
gram in a number of ways. Once legislation
is introduced; individual sportsmen and
sportsmen's clubs can let their Congress-
men know their feelings in no uncertain
terms. And if and when such Federal enabl-
Ing legislation is enacted, they can make
their influence felt at the State and local
levels, too.
The sooner we accomplish our purpose, the
4boner the boys and girls of these United
States Will know, and benefit from, the bless-
ings offered by the out-of-doors.
The Reds Don't Want To Talk About Viet-
nam Until They Ha onquered It
EXTENSION EMARKS
oIr
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, I com-
mend to the attention of our colleagues
the following column from the May 21,
1965, edition of the New York Journal
American.
The author, William S. White, has put
into perspective precisely what the ad-
ministration has contended all along.
The article follows:
REDS DON'T WANT TALK ON Vr$TNAM
(By William S. White)
WASHINGTON.-The Communist invaders of
South Vietnam have again rejected any pos-
sibility whatever of any peaceful solution.
They have made it triple-plated plain that
what they want is not discussion but rather
South Vietnam.
Apparently they never got the message of
the splinter in the Senate which had so long
pictured them as trembling with eagerness
for negotiations-if only bad old Uncle Sam
would not be so warlike.
The brief and now happily lifted suspen-
sion of American bombing against the nest:,
of aggression in Communist North Vietnam-
a suspension for which the splinter hael
clamored to give the North Vietnamese a
chance to show how reasonable they could
be-has accomplished precisely nothing.
The Communists themselves remain curious-
ly unconvinced of those essentially concilia-
tory intentions which the splinter had so
earnestly attributed to them.
They intend to do what they always in-
tended, and what everybody save our little
band of Senate foreign policy experts and
criers of peace always knew they intended.
They intend to overrun South Vietnam-and
then perhaps to negotiate over the body of
their victim.
They had at least six previous opportuni-
ties for honest negotiation, including one
offered by neutralist countries which not
even the Senate splinter could describe as
mere American stooges.
Thus those Senators who had demanded a
halt to an American bombing mission which
was manifestly necessary to help defend
South Vietnam from unbroken Communist
assault have now shown the quality of their
wisdom. There is no joy in twitting them.
For every one of them is a perfectly patriotic
man-if also, in this columnist's view, a
mortally wrong man.
Still, the public is entitled to know, for
reference when yet other proposals are made,
the names of some of those Senators who in
months past have in one damaging wa or an-
other sniped at a basic and bipartisan policy
of three American Presidents not to let
armed communisim run loose.
Of course they have had a prefect right to
do this. But their only alternatives would
demonstrably have let down a South Viet-?
namese people hard-pressed enough as things
stand.
Anyhow, one gain has emerged. Only she
most credulous can continue to endorse the
cliche that the way to bring an open aggres..
sor to an honorable conference table is to
tell him in advance he need never stop his
aggression.
And other cliches are now receiving at-
tention. One is that our bombing has made
us desperately unpopular "in Asia." An-
other is that we are identifying ourselves as
bad white men attacking good dark men.
These, to, will wither under the light of
reality now shining upon them. It is a light
cast by the Asians themselves in the recent
meeting of the Southeast Asia Treaty Orga-
nization. And it is cast by such diverse and
on-the-spot observers as the 1960 Republi-
can vice-presidential candidate, Henry Cabot
Lodge, and a Democratic Senator from Con-
necticut, THOMAS DODD.
No, the Asians themselves-men of integ-
rity such as Thanat Khoman of Thailand--
are not denouncing us for opposing aggres-
sion. They are thanking God that we do op-
pose it. Even minds enchanted with Wonder-
ful, wistful pacifist dreams of a world made
safe without sacrifice or struggle surely can-
not go that far.
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
 Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
May 24, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
in the domain of art. Nothing useful can
be given to the soul of art if it contains
the least drop of pride or which is lacking
in feeling toward others.
THE gUALITIES OF ART ARE WITHIN US
In life, I have always wished to attain this
end, and whatever we might say of me or of
my art, I have always affirmed and repeated
that the qualities of art are only within us
and not outside of us. But it is very diffi-
cult to recognize these signs. Might it not
be the origin of drama and of certain crises?
Today we are, as it were, drowned by quan-
tity and we cannot save the world or
ourselves without an aspiration toward qual-
ity. There is no law, there is only an
interior accord of all the elements of our in-
terior world with the exterior world.
Let us take a look backward into the do-
main of art: It is not the theory of Cezanne
which created Cezanne, it is not theory which
created the painter Seurat nor Gaugin. It
is not impressionism which created Monet.
Equally, a Rembrandt, or a Mozart, have
taken from theories, where they could, what
was useful to them. That did not prevent
them from being very great. But this is per-
haps not the moment to speak to you at
great length about art.
I end these few words in commending your
work and the cultural life of this great
American university. gratitude for the
I express to you also my g
great honor which you do me.
What Has War Come To Mean to the
Vietnamese Peasant?
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 19,1965
Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, an interest-
ing commentary depicting the life of
the Vietnamese peasant in his war-torn
country appeared in the Sacramento,
Calif., Bee on May 16, 1965.
I commend this editorial to the atten-
tion of my colleagues:
WHAT HAS WAR COME To MEAN TO THE
`VIETNAMESE PEASANT?
Throughout history, war always has com-
manded the headlines. So it is not surpris-
ing that all of the attention in the Vietnam
crises has been directed to the running story
of Vietcong raids out of the north, retalia-
tory air strikes, napalm bombing, and hand-
to-hand guerrilla warfare in the jungles.
There is another dimension to the Vietnam
story which deserves telling, however: The
human story of the average Vietnamese, his
fortunes, his misfortunes. The narrative
has a very real part in the total plot.
For example: If a Vietnamese lives past
40, he has exceeded his life expectancy.
Chronic illness is a way of life. Vietnam is
rife with malaria, hepatitis, amoebic dysen-
tery, leprosy, intestinal parasitic disorders.
Epidemics of chlorea and plagues are not
exceptions; they are the expected.
Medically, there is little to offer. There
is only 1 doctor for every 58,000 persons in.
Vietnam; live pigs serve as hospital disposal
units. Hunger, privation abound. Life in
Vietnam is bleak.
Consider also that war has been a part
of the Vietnamese existence for a generation.
The Vietnamese, in a way of speaking, has
lived at bayonet point for so long it has be-
come a way of life. He has seen one side or
the other gain an inch or two of high ground,
only to lose it. For years he has been caught
up in a cacophony of appeals for his alle-
giance. Me must by now be bewildered by
it all.
The question then: What is in it for him,
this long, seesaw battle for power which has
been going on around him for so long? The
Communists tell him they are saving him
from ruthless imperialism and they call the
government they want him to embrace a
peoples' democracy. South Vietnam troops
tell him they are his true friends, that the
invaders out of the north merely want to
enslave him; and they also tell him they are
.bringing to him a peoples' democracy.
Have words begun to lose their meaning
to him in his puzzlement? Has he come to
understand, or rather to believe, there is only
one truth for him and that is the business
end of a rifle? And in his confusion does he
really care who is at the holding end?
Meantime, if he lives past 40 he has reached
old age. He probably never has seen a doctor
and would be suspicious of him anyway.
And the war goes on around him and two
sides smother him with their urgings of their
special kind.
To the peasant who has lived with this
war for so long, and has seen this uniform
give way to that uniform, certainly the war
can hold little glamor. And what is impor-
tant and what is not important, depending
upon the telling, must by now have lost
most of its meaning.
The Teachers and the Taught in the
U.S.S.R.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BERNARD F. GRABOWSKI
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 17, 1965
Mr. GRABOWSKI. Mr. Speaker, the
impact of education on culture is one of
the most significant aspects of any analy-
sis of an educational system.
Mr. William Benton has dealt with this
most effectively in his article "A Personal
Report: The Teachers and the Taught
in the U.S.S.R.," which appears in the
1965 Yearbook of the Encyclopedia Bri-
tannica. He deals with it particularly in
chapter VIII about art in the Soviet
Union.
Chapter VIII follows:
CHAPTER VIII. "SOCIALIST REALISM": ART
AS PROPAGANDA
(A personal report: "The Teachers and the
Taught in the U.S.S.R.," by William Benton,
former Assistant Secretary of State and U.S.
Senator from Connecticut; presently U.S.
Ambassador to UNESCO and U.S. member of
its executive board; publisher and chairman,
Encyclopedia Britannica.)
Communist dogma still affects creativity
in the U.S.S.R.-and profoundly. Indeed, it
continues to dominate the arts.
But there now appears to be a striving
among Soviet artists to escape from the
straitjacket orthodox Kremlin line. Al-
though Soviet artists continue to profess
devotion to "socialist realism," some exam-
ples of today's Soviet art demonstrate that
"socialist realism" has softened a bit since
Stalin's ,death It's a 'little less socialist,
shall we say, a?littre less real. 'Artists seem
to be struggling to shake off the shackles.
The works of many Western artists-not-
ably the abstractionists-were considered
"the decadent art of the West" by Chairman
Nikita Khrushchev. Some years ago Sergei
A2603
Gerasimov, then president of the Soviet
Academy of Arts, said, "We respect Picasso
as a fighter for peace, but he's no artist."
Khrushchev termed abstract painting "pic-
tures where one. cannot tell whether they
have been painted by a man's hand or
daubed by the tail of a donkey."
By contrast, what is "socialist realism?"
In 1932 the Central Committee of the Com-
munist Party established "socialist realism"
as the basis for all Soviet art and literature.
Soviet art had to be simple and obvious
enough to be understood by all the people.
Its avowed mission was to serve as a propa-
ganda instrument to advance communism.
Artists were required to depict "the heroic
struggle of the world proletariat * * * the
grandeur of the victory of socialism, and
* * * the great wisdom and heroism of the
Communist Party." In essence, Soviet real-
ism in art is a romanticized interpretation
of reality in terms of the Communist Party
line. Its closest approach among famous
commercial artists of the United States
might be the work of Norman Rockwell.
An approximation among famous American
paintings would be "Washington Crossing
the Delaware."
When I visited Kiev in the mid-1950's,
Nicolas Skachko, then deputy minister of
culture for the Ukraine, sought to explain
to me the iron dogma of "socialist realism"
in the field of art. "Socialist realism," he
said, must have "tone" as well as realism.
If applied to the recommended themes, he
explained that it would bring recognition and
success to the Soviet artist. Some failed to
apply it-and they were punished for their
lack of perceptivity. Those who successfully
portrayed the heroic qualities of the mother
of eight hard at work in the fields of the
kolkhoz-these were the artists who received
the rewards.
In 1948, when Stalin cracked down on So-
viet artists and writers who violated his
standards of "socialist realism," many van-
ished suddenly. Some were never heard of
again.
Two years" ago, when Khrushchev cracked
down on artists, sculptors, and writers, none
of them vanished. Some quit writing and
painting, but all remained- safely in their
studios. This dramatizes the change.
While I was in Moscow in May 1964, the
high Communist Party official who, I was
told, "makes Ideology," had a meeting with
top level Intellectuals. The Times (London)
reported that he told them they were) to
be given greater freedom and more oppor-
tunity for self-expression "in an environ-
ment of greater relaxation." Konstantin
Simonov, former head of the Soviet Union
of Journalists, told me: "I was not at the
meeting. But I had a report it was a good
meeting. Those who attended left with a
good frame of mind." This is a new kind
of language, strictly post-Stalin.
Orest G. Vereisky, corresponding member
of the Academy of Arts and. a popular and
highly esteemed Soviet artist-as was his
father before him-gave me a newly phrased
defense of "socialist realism." The old defi-
nition, he felt, was too strict and too
limiting.
During my visit at Vereisky's dacha in the
Moscow countryside, he set forth what he
suggested was the present credo:
"We are seeking new forms between the
state and the artist. Our artists must now
try to be individuals. But if an artist tries
to become an extreme individualist-if he
ceases to care about his viewers-this is in-
deed a very dangerous step. All Soviet artists
feel that our art must be humane. It must
be for the people.
"Every Soviet' artist must have his own
medium-for instance, he may be a land-
scape artist. But he must recognize his
position in society. This doesn't mean that
he must downgrade his work to anybody's
level. If he wants to try to elevate the
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: C1A-RDP67B00448R000300190018-0.
 .A2604
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX May 2J, 1965
people's tastes-if he thinks he has some-
;hing to say-he is entitled to try. If an
artist wants to preserve communication with
his audience, he must expect that his audi-
ence will want to understand him."
I commented: "Here in this room-on the
wall right above your table-you have a
reproduction of a Braque. Don't you regard
Braque as an extreme individualist? Was
he trying to recognize his position in society?
Was he concerned with the art of the people?
You have a Van Gogh on your other wall.
Was Van Gogh trying to be humane in his
approach to the people? Weren't these two
artists striving fob individual creativeness?
Who could tell Braque and Van Gogh how
to paint, how to elevate the people's tastes,
how to be humane?"
I mentioned a small account in a news-
paper about Gauguin-a little squib of Gau-
guin's writing had sold for $1,500, yet he
died in poverty. Vereisky interrupted sharp-
ly: "I don't have a high opinion of Gauguin."
He then insisted that there exist now in
the Soviet Union "great diversity and free-
dom." I told him I could not seeany great
diversity in the output of artists, but merely
a glimmering of it. He talked at length
about art as it is conceived in the Soviet
Union in contrast to the "commercial art"
of the United States and Western Europe.
Apparently he had had many arguments
on this subject with artists he met in the
United States. He explained that there isn't
much "commercial art" in the U.S.S.R. used
in publicity or advertising. Illustration of
books-and apparently he has illustrated
many-is definitely regarded as a high form
of art in the Soviet Union.
Vereisky was preparing for a Moscow ex-
hibition of his recent work. This was to be
strikingly different from the general exhibits
as usually arranged by the Soviet Artists
Union; in these, artists selected by the union
exhibit one picture each. Vereisky was to
have what in the United States is called a
one-man show, featuring the pictures he
drew in the United States. He showed me
some of his drawings and watercolors of
scenes in New York, Chicago, Milwaukee, and
Philadelphia. He had drawn these when he
accompanied the recent Soviet show of the
graphic arts, the opening of which I had
attended in New York, and which toured
these cities. I found the pictures most pleas-
ing. Judged by their craftsmanship, they
are of high quality.
He had one especially lovely watercolor
from the steps of the Metropolitan Museum
of Art in New .York, with automobiles mov-
ing on the street and the skyline looming
up behind in gray. There was another de-
picting a big sign advertising Seagram's
whisky, with close-ups of little shops and
restaurants, the skyline again looming in the
background.
Vereisky explained that in other cities
there isn't any background except the sky,
but in New York there is the skyline.
Some of his American drawings and water-
colors were amusing and witty. He had one
of a woman walking with a little poodle
titled, "Between Church and Cocktails."
Only one of his drawings depicted poverty
and deprivation, and he apologized for it.
(He said he was not interested in doing
"social drawings.") This was a drawing of
a down-and-outer slouching in front of a
doorway.
He had these drawings ranged around his
upper-floor studio. There was one very strik-
ing watercolor of an American woman walk-
ing down the street with her handkerchief
to her face; she was in tears and there was
an American flag behind her. Vereisky said
he had drawn this on the day President
Kennedy was assassinated. There was an-
other of a Negro woman sitting on a bench
stitching on an American flag. He said that
he had actually seen her, and I doubt that
he could have imagined it. (Later, after
his show, he sent me these two drawings
as
gifts for Mrs. Kennedy and Mrs. Johnson.)
There seems little question that art in the
Soviet Union is moving toward a more liberal
concept since Stalin's death, although there
has been nothing like an art renaissance.
Even if latitude grows, it will take some years
for most artists to realize it. There was a
time when virtually nothing could be
painted (or printed) if it was not in some
way a litany of praise to $taalin or to the
Communist Party. Now it appears that it
is no longer compulsory for an artist to love
either one, or to express adulation in his
work. It is now possible for an artist to de-
pict Soviet life, for example, in a form some-
what short of the ideal. This is hardly true
artistic expression, but it may be a start.
Of course, the leaders of the party have
not given up the notion that they know
what is best. If they ever give u_p in the
field of the arts, it is possible that the
Soviets, with countless years of artistic frus-
tration damned up behind them, might pro-
duce a flood of creative art and literature
that would startle the world. The native
literacy and artistic talents of the Russians
are indisputable. Under the Communist
system, many of the most talented and gifted
young people are receiving rigorous and ex-
pert training in art techniques. They are
supported by the state and given fine studios
in which to work. This will not make them
artists, but for many it is better than the
Paris folklore of the poor artist working in
a garret while suffereing from malnutrition.
A number of them achieve high technical
proficiency, and if the shakes ever are with-
drawn, some of them are sure to bloom with
more than a touch of genius.
It is almost impossible to imagine a Presi-
dent of the United States lecturing artists
on their role, but Chairman Khrushchev did
just that in his famous speech in 1963, "The
Great Strength in Literature and Art Lies in
High Ideological and Artistic Standards":
"Our people need a militant revolutionary
art. And it is the mission of Soviet litera-
ture and art to recreate, in vivid artistic
imagery, this great and heroic age of the
building of communism, correctly to reflect
the assertion and triumph to new Com-
munist relationships * * *.
"Everything depends on how you approach
realities, from what positions you appraise
them. There is a saying that what you look
for, you find * * *.
"Unfortunately, it sometimes happens that
art workers judge reality only from the smell
of outhouses, depict people in a deliberatey
ugly way, use the darkest colors. This can
only foster dejection, gloom, and frustration.
These artists depict reality in accordance
with their own biased, perverted, and sub-
jective conceptions, in accordance with arti-
ficial and anemic stereotypes of theirown
invention * * *. You have also seen some
other products of abstract art. We con-
demn, and -shall continue to condemn, such
deformities openly and uncompromisingly."
Chairman Khrushchev stated the official
view of what Soviet realism in art is not.
I suspect his view will prevail in the new
regime and in the one after that. Yet the
struggle is on. There will be ups and downs.
But there are encouraging signs that Soviet
writers and intellectuals are beginning to
break out of their confinement, that they are
determined to fight their way toward free-
dom-complete freedom. No change in the
U.S.S.R. could be more profound-or more
hopeful-for the future.
Worker's Rights Seen Threatened
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WILLIAM M. COLMER
.OF MISSISSIPPI
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 24, 1965
Mr. COLMER. Mr. Speaker, on May
19 last there appeared in the Evening
Star an article by the forthright and able
journalist, David Lawrence, on the Presi-
dent's message to the Congress asking
for the repeal of section 14(b) of the
Taft-Hartley Act.
While we are, of course, all aware of
the President's campaign promises and
of the support given him in the recent
presidential election by the union lead-
ers, we were constrained to hope that the
President would not go so far as to
recommend the repeal of this basic
guarantee of the American laboring
man's rights. We dared to hope that
this would not happen because the Presi-
dent has gone to extremes in his stated
desire to protect the rights of other
groups, particularly the Negro race.
We can think of no more basic
right, that we thought was guaranteed
to our American citizens, than the right
to work. But now the ever-increasing
power of the Federal Government over
the rights and liberties of the people is
threatening to take away the right of
the American citizen to earn a liveli-
hood for himself and his family` without
first joining a union.
As one who believes in the principle of
unionism and the right of collective bar-
gaining I find it most difficult to go along
with such an invasion of the rights of
our American workers. If I were a labor-
ing man I am sure I would join a union.
But as a free American I would resist
the effort of the Federal Government to
tell me I had to belong to a union; just
as I would oppose the Federal Govern-
ment telling me I had to join a mer-
chant's organization, a social club, or
even my church.
Is there no end to the ever-increasing
encroachment of the Federal Govern-
ment upon the rights of the States and
the liberties of the people?
Mr. Speaker, Mr. Lawrence's article is
as follows:
WORKER'S RIGHTS SEEN THREATENED
(By David Lawrence)
President Johnson has just asked Congress
to pass a law that would, in effect, take away
the civil rights of the American workingman
by coercing him into joining a labor union.
If he refuses, he will be punished either by
losing his job or by being denied a job in the
future in any plant or factory or business
establishment wheresuch a union contract
with the employer exists.
This proposal, if enacted into law, would
wipe out overnight the laws passed by 19
States forbidding compulsory unionization
and upholding the right of the individual to
work anywhere without being required to
give up his conscientious beliefs.
The Supreme Court of the United States
has again and again affirmed the right of a
citizen to freedom of belief. There are many
Approved For Release 2003/11/04: CIA-RDP67B00446R000300190018-0