RESOLUTION EXPRESSING DISAPPROVAL OF DEMONSTRATIONS PROTESTING U.S. POLICY IN VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040002-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 20
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 2
• Publication Date: March 29, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

A1772
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 30, 1966
surely cost the American consumer added
dollars in the purchase of shoes.
STATEMENT OF FRANCIS H. GLEASON ON BEHALF
OF THE SHOE MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY BE-
FORE THE HOUSE AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE,
SUBCOMMITTEE ON LIVESTOCK, MARCH 21,
1966
My name is Francis H. Gleason. I am pres-
ident of the J. F. McElwain Co., Nashua, N.H.,
and the Blue Ridge Shoe Co., Wilkesboro,
N.C.-manufacturing divisions of the Mel-
ville Shoe Corp., New York, N.Y., which oper-
ate 1,275 retail outlets as Thom McAn, Miles
& Meldisco. I am appearing on behalf of the
National Affairs Committee of the National
Footwear Manufacturers Association, Inc.,
and the New England Shoe & Leather Asso-
ciation. This committee represents over 80
percent of the leather and leather type foot-
wear manufactured in the United States. We
have asked to appear before this subcommit-
tee in support of regulation No. 929 dated
March 7, 1966, issued by the Department of
Commerce to control the export of cattle
hides, calf and kipskins, and bovine leathers.
STRUCTURE OF THE SHOE INDUSTRY
The leather shoe industry is made up of
over 800 companies operating 1,300 factories
in 38 States. These factories are located for
the most part in small towns and are the
primary source of employment in many of
these towns. The bulk of footwear is pro-
duced in Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, New
York, Maine, New Hampshire, Missouri, Ten-
nessee, Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, and New
Jersey. The industry employs over 200,000
workers, and turns out products valued at
over $21/2 billion annually at wholesale. In
1965 it produced 630 million pairs of leather
and leather-type footwear. There is little
concentration in the industry. The largest
company does around 7 percent of the total
volume, and the first four largest, around
23 percent. Over 800 companies produce
the remaining 77 percent of the leather foot-
wear.
Only about a dozen companies are pub-
licly owned. The typical company is rela-
tively small, is family owned, and of
moderate size. The typical factory employs
200 workers.
Entry in and exit from the shoe manu-
facturing industry is relatively easy. All
machinery may be rented, as well as build-
ings. As a result, 20 or more companies
may start footwear manufacturing each year
while 20 or more suffer financial failure.
BACKGROUND AND REASONS FOR HIDE PROBLEM
In the middle of last year, we became se-
riously concerned at the rate of hide expor-
tation in the light of what appeared to be
a long struggle in Vietnam and booming
domestic economy. Everything pointed to
a shortage of hides and skins in the year
ahead. Exports were running at an annual
rate of 131/2 million or 2 million greater
than the record high of 1964. This increase
was substantially greater than the gain ex-
pected in domestic hide supplies in 1965.
Reflecting this, hide prices in the middle of
last year were up as much as 40 to 50 per-
cent over 1964.
The reasons for the tremendous increase
in exports in U.S. hides are well known and
may be summarized very briefly, here. Ar-
gentina is the second largest supplier of hides
to world buyers. The United States and
Argentina together now supply approxi-
mately 20 million hides to a dozen or more
countries short of this material. In 1962-63,
Argentina suffered a severe drought which
forced heavy cattle slaughter and higher hide
exports in those years. This reduced cattle
herds and drastically curtailed Argentine
hide exports in 1964 and 1965. In the years
1957 and 1958, for example, Argentine exports
averaged 10.6 million hides per year; in 1965,
her hide exports fell to 6.8 million. This
threw the bulk of world demand on the
American market. Hides constitute only 5
to 7 percent of the value of the animal. In-
creases in hide supply depend on demand for
beef. It takes 2 years to mature cattle. The
supply of hides is increasing from Argentina
but is not expected to return to normal for
at least 2 years. Argentina maintains export
controls on hides continuously as a means of
regulating exchange and providing local tan-
ners and manufacturers with adequate sup-
plies of hides and leather.
DRAIN ON HIDE SUPPLY
The question might well be asked how can
foreign buyers continue to pay higher and
higher prices for our hides. Countries be-
hind the Iron Curtain want American dol-
lars badly. Work shoes made in Czechoslo-
vakia, for example, sell in the United States
at less than the cost of materials here. These
foreign-made shoes cannot be bought by
people in the country of manufacture, but
their sale here produces needed dollars for
the Iron Curtain bloc. In other words we
supply hides to Communist-bloc countries
which return them in the form of low-cost
footwear.
The United States, a major industrial Na-
tion, is an exporter of the raw materials for
manufacturing shoes abroad which are then
imported here. Total footwear imports ac-
counted for 16 percent of our output in 1965,
as against 1.2 percent in 1955.
If exports were to continue at the 1965 rate
of 13 million net and with a domestic de-
mand of 24 to 25 million hides, total demand
would be 37 to 38 million hides against pros-
pective supply of around 34 million. This
would leave a shortage of 3 to 4 million.
The rate of purchase for exports, as we have
pointed out, is running for the first 2 months
of this year well above the 1965 rate. These
were the facts which caused us to again re-
quest a mild temporary limitation of hide
exports.
RESPONSIBLE EXPORTS SHOULD BE MAINTAINED
We recognize that we must always export
hides. We did not believe that a request
for a modest 13-percefit reduction in the all-
time high export figure would cause concern
or be harmful to anyone. In fact, many peo-
ple in our industry regarded our request as
too mild. We did not want to upset any
market. Our sole concern was to prevent a
situation where with military demands for
Vietnam growing and the domestic economy
booming we would find ourselves so short
of hides that we could not properly take
care of military and domestic needs without
serious restrictions.
COST OF HIDES
Leather is the largest element in the cost
of manufacture of our product. Though the
percent of cost attributable to leather varies
by type and grade of shoe, broadly speaking
the range is in the area of 33 to 50 percent
of the cost of production. Changes in prices
in raw hides and skins are almost immedi-
ately reflected in the price of leather as tan-
ners sell largely on a replacement basis.
The rapidly rising price of hides in the
summer of 1965 alone increased the cost of
medium-priced men's dress shoes by 20
to 30 cents per pair as compared to a Pew
months earlier. When hide and skin prices
rose again in November and increased at an
accelerating rate it was impossible to keep up
with the increasing cost of a whole line of
shoes on a replacement basis. On February
15, upper leather for medium-priced men %
dress shoes was up 10 to 20 cents per
pair over the level of October; leather lin-
ings were up 5 cents per pair; and leather
outersoles were up 10 cents per pair. Two
weeks later the increases had become 20
to 40 cents on the upper, 8 cents on the lin-
ing, and 13 cents per pair on the outersole,
with no sign of any cessation of this escala-
tion. This second round of hide and leather
increases resulted in additional increased
cost at the shoe manufacturing level of 36
to 80 cents per pair on medium-priced
men's dress shoes, depending upon the par-
ticular style and specifications.
CONCLUSION
The action of the hide and skin market in
the last 2 weeks in our opinion is clear proof
that the present plan is working.
We believe when the dust has settled all
parties will agree that this licensing pro-
vides a flexible tool for insuring military and
domestic supplies in a situation where fur-
ther demand cannot possibly be foreseen but
in view of present conditions can only in-
crease. Licensing can be modified quickly to
take into account unexpected changes in
supply and demand and eliminated when
pressure subsides.
We support the program of the Department
of Commerce-
1. To assure an adequate supply of hides
for the military and civilian manufacture of
shoes;
2. To reduce chaotic inflationary pressures;
and
3. To save money for the Government and
esolution Expressing Disapproval of
Demonstrations Protesting U.S. Policy
in Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HUGH SCOTT
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966 -
Mr. SCOTT. Mr. President, at the
request of District 10 of the; Polish Army
Veterans Association of America I ask
unanimous consent that there be printed
in the Appendix of the RECORD the text
of a resolution adopted at the associa-
tion's district 10 convention held last
autumn in Trenton, N.J.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tion was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
RESOLUTION OF THE POLISH ARMY VETERANS
ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA
We the delegates of District 10 of the
Polish Army Veterans Association of America,
and the ladies auxiliary, being, citizens of
these United States, and of Polish origin,
and participating in this convention we
state: -
That recent lawless demonstrations on the
free soil of the United States by known and
unknown groups against our policy in Viet-
nam, which policy is to defend and protect
the freedom and independence of the Viet-
namese people against the aggressions of
international communism, are an affront to
the brave servicemen who have given their
lives in defense of such freedom and inde-
pendence, and therefore deserve and have our
greatest contempt.
We further state that the policy of the
President of the United States has our firm
and unyielding support, and that we stand
ready to offer our services in life and blood
in these rightful and just efforts in behalf
of the freedom of the entire world.
And further we also declare without equiv-
ocation, that the time has come to stop the
sneaky and backdoor expansion of interna-
tional communism, without regard to ideo-
logical differences, and which expansion we
believe to be on a collision course with the
ideals of freedom and democracy the world
over.
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March 30, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX
flub even where the desire to limit family
;ire presumably exists, and birth control in-
formation and devices have been made avail-
i.ble, results often have been discouraging.
There is usually too little understanding of
the reproductive process, and living condi-
Lions are too primitive, for consistent and
sifective adoption of the prescribed measures.
Nevert;ileless, many persons are convinced
1!:hat birth control programs-including in-
tensive research into possible new and
;iinpler methods that do not require repeti-
tive procedures-offer the only real hope of
venting a. world population catastrophe.
Ilie attitude of the U.S. Government, in fact,
as undergone a change on this question.
Former President Dwight D. Eisenhower said
recently:
"'(.'here is no real progress or security to a
Nation which, with outside help, raises its
,rroductive capacity by 2 percent a year while
,he population rises 3 percent. When I was
President, I opposed the use of Federal funds
;a provide birth control information to coun-
tdes we were aiding. * * I still believe we
;houid. not make birth control programs It
,onctition of our foreign aid but we should
!.,11 receiving nations how population growth
l.ircatens them and what can be done about
A similar view apparently led President
JR,hnson to ask the United Nations last sum-
r:ier to "act on the feet that less than $5 in-
vcstcd in population control is worth $100
nvested in economic growth," and to call in
I,is last two state of the Union messages for
xooperation with nations seeking to check
opulation growth.
Ti it special message last week, the Presi-
a,,ut asked Congress to authorize a food-for-
fre(dom program and to finance it with a
h:1.8 billion appropriation in each of the next
3 fiscal years. Under the program, food
1 id to needy nations would be stepped up and
farm production increased to wage "a
worldwide war on hunger."
Theoretically there are enough known and
'sploitable food resources or, earth today to
-)rovide adequate diets for the $7 billion or so
)ersons forecast for the year 2000. Improved
agricultural techniques, intensive use of
-;utilizers, and the introduction of machinery
;n. areas where agricultural practices are still
rimitive could greatly increase the yield of
acreage already under cultivation. While the
mount of potentially arable land has been
constantly diminishing, there are still
;t.retches of jungle, forest and even desert
iiroughout the world that could be brought
ruder cultivation.
1000 SUPPLY PROSPECTS
YIoreover, there are untapped food re-
;nnurces in the sea. Recently for example,
S.
Government scientists disclosed that
icy had developed a palatable and nutritious
"fish flour" from parts and species of fish
:ieretofore regarded as inedible. Studies in-
+ticate that if only the unharvested fish in
coastal waters were transformed into
lour it would provide the normal protein
requirements for I billion nersons for 300
clays at a base production cost of half a cent
it person it day.
ilrit potential is one thing, realization
s .other. Effective exploitation of the
world's food resources to meet the needs in
1:lcc years ahead will require huge invest-
inents of capital. Capital is produced only
by economies in which savings and surplus
ire possible. In much of the world. as we
live seen, population growth is undermin-
in? economic progress to the point where
little or no disposable capital is available.
The conclusion is plain. There will have
to be large infusions of capital in the under-
developeci areas from the developed nations.
'Whether in the form of private investment,
government funds, or a combination of
both, the infusion will be essential to prime
the pump-in this case a "pump" on which
millions of lives literally depend.
The challenge Is not simply a hum:uii.
tarian one. Long before the current im-
balance between population. growth and food
supply reaches the point of mass starvation.,
social upheaval and cataclysm on a scale
hitherto unimagined are inevitable. The
population. explosion packs far more poten-
tially destructive power than anything the
nuclear physicists are ever likely to devise.
The reward for meeting the test may be
new vistas for mankind. in the words of the
late Adlai E. Stevenson:
"Perhaps the necessity of confronting the
population dilemma will finally usher in the
brotherhood of man."
National Future Homemakers of
America Week
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. RALPH YARBOROUGH
OF TEXAS
TN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President, it
is with pleasure that I join with over
1300,000 members of the Future Holne-
rnakers of America in celebrating Na-
tional FHA Week, March 27 through
April 2.
Clearly, this is an age of youth, and it
is comforting to know that the Future
Homemakers of America is leading young
women in wholesome, constructive ptlI'-
suits which allows them the opportunity
of seriously preparing themselves for re-
sponsible adult citizenship.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous Con-
vent to have printed in the Appendix of
the RECORD a fact sheet concerning Na-
tional Future Homemakers of Amel-2ca
Week.
There being no objection, the fact sheet
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
FUTURE HOMEMAKERS OF AMERICA
National FHA Week, March 27 through
April 2, will be observed by more than 600,?-
000 high school youth across the Nation
who are members of the Future Homemak-
crs of America.
In this age of constant change and chal..
lenge, in this era of too much disregard for
tradition and precedent, in this environ-
ment of population explosion and increased
pressures, the need for new patterns in
home life is widely accepted.
The Future Homemakers of America in
11,000 chapters in secondary schools sent.
tered around the United States, Puerto Rico,
the Virgin Islands, and in American Array
post schools, are serious ininded. commu-
nity spirited, fun loving youngsters who ore
concerned about the responsiblities of the
future and are conscientiously doing some-
thing about it. These are the future moth-
ers, wives, teachers, jobholders, voters' and
opinion molders of this great Land of oars.
The success stories of former future
homemakers who are now adult community
leaders of this country attest to the strong
impact the FHA experiences have had on
the development of their own families, their
effectiveness as homemakers, and their re-,
sponsibility as good citizens.
This national youth organization of home
economics students in junior and senior
high schools provides opportunities for cie-
veloping individual and group initiative in.
planning and carrying out activities related
A.17 71.
ing. As part of a large national organiza-
tion of teenagers concerned with good home
and family life each girl grows through new
experiences, new views, and new friends.
National FHA Week this year will fl id
the 11,000 local chapters spotlighting acti?,d-
ties and projects concerned with a 4-year
national program of work. This program
of work which guides them is an ambitious
one. Its objectives are to help each member
recognize her abilities, strive for their f _ill
development, and participate actively in
family, community, and world improvement
projects.
To further these objectives the elected
youth officers of FIIA developed nine projects
which stress individual development; em-
phasize mental and physical health; en-
courage serious consideration in choosing
and training for useful careers; develop codes
of ethics, morals, and manners; furt:oier un-
derstanding of people of all heritages, cus-
toms and beliefs; promote appreciation of
all family members and their abilities aid
problems; teach selective spending; inculcate
citizenship responsibilities; and encourage
using leisure time for activities beneflcal to
the individual and society.
The Future Homemakers of America was
founded in 1945 as an incorporated, non-
profit organization, supported by member-
ship dues. It was the outgrowth of various
State and local clubs of high school home
economics students which were known by
different names and had no unified program.
By the end of that first year the national
organization had a membership of just under
100,000 in some 2,500 chapters. By the end
of the second year, membership had almost
doubled, and now as the Future Homemakers
of America begin their 21st year they count
well over 600,000 members in more thin
11,000 chapters.
Twelve national you officers, elected yearly
by the FHA members, direct the nation 411
program of wrok and plan and preside over
the annual national meetings. Horne eco-
nomics teachers in the high schools serve as
local chapter advisers. Members of the State
supervisory staff for home economics educa-
tiofi serve as State FHA advisers.
The Future Homemakers of America Is
sponsored by the U.S. Office of Education
and the American Home Economics Associa-
tion. National headquarters are located in
the Office of Education.
Statement of Mr. Francis H. Gleason on
Behalf of the Shoe Manufacturing In-
dustry
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES A. BURKE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. BURKE. Mr. Speaker, I would
like to insert into the Appendix of
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an excellent
statement in part of Mr. Francis H.
Gleason, president, J. F. McElwain Co.,
Nashua, N.H., before the House Agricul-
ture Subcommittee concerning the acute
shortage of hides in this country. I think
it is clear to anyone reading this testi-
mony that the Department of Commerce
took appropriate action in limiting ex-
ports of hides to assure an adequate sup-
ply of such a scarce commodity for the
domestic shoe manufacturing industry
and to stabilize an inflationary situation.
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March 30, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
And since the demonstrations are, with-
out a doubt, inspired and controlled by In-
ternational communism, it is important
therefore, that we take decisive action not
only against the demonstrators, who may
possibly be sincere but misguided, but also
against the demagogs who infect them to
so act for entirely different motives, and
who set themselves up as the conscience of
the world, and which demagogs also con-
spire against the existing laws of these
United States of America.
And we the delegates of the Polish Army
Veterans Association of District 10 also re-
spectfully demand from the President of the
United States further vigilance in the mat-
ter of our one-time Polish fatherland by
assuring to her citizens a future of true
freedom and independence, by reestablishing
a free and democratic Polish state, and the
return of her eastern borders, and the con-
tinuance of the existing western boundaries
by certifying that they are truly and his-
torically Polish borders.
Long live the United States of America.
Long live Poland and her people who have
for 20 long years battled for the return
of her freedom and independence.
KAZIMIERZ BURAWSI T,
Chairman, Resolutions Committee.
JOHN MACH,
Commander.
B. GAWEL,
Secretary.
U.S. Grant to Home for Mentally Retarded
of Hamilton County, Ohio
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN J. GILLIGAN
or OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. GILLIGAN. Mr. Speaker, recently
the U.S. Department of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare approved a grant of
$70,000 to the Resident Home for the
Mentally Retarded of Hamilton County
in Ohio. There is an interesting story
behind this grant, which is just one of
thousands under Public Law 88-164.
As we all know, there are many grada-
tions or degrees of mental retardation.
It is best described as a "reduced capacity
for learning." Most mentally retarded
children, while having this reduced
capacity for learning, have all the normal
needs for love, comfort, a sense of be-
longing, as well as an increased need for
achievement and recognition. Most
mentally retarded persons, despite their
basic intellectual limitations, can be
taught to be at least partially self-suf-
ficient and others with training can be-
come fully productive members of society.
Mental retardation can be due to a
hundred different causes and can strike
any family. It is a cruel accident of life
and, while great strides have been made
in treating mental illness and other
diseases, relatively little progress has
been made in the field of mental re-
tardation, largely because of public igno-
rance of the matter.
It is estimated that about 3 percent of
the population are retarded, or twice as
many as are affected by blindness, polio,
and rheumatic heart diseases com-
bined-according to statistics based on
the late President Kennedy's Panel on
Mental Retardation In Hamilton Coun-
ty, where my district is located, this
means that there are approximately
27,000 mentally retarded individuals.
Nationally, there are over 5,400,000 so
afflicted. Almost every one of us knows
someone with a mentally retarded child,
grandchild, or other relative.
In Hamilton County, about 1,000 of
these mentally retarded children are
currently committed to State institu-
tions, the nearest of which is approxi-
mately 100 miles away from Cincinnati.
About 4,000 are enrolled in special tax-
supported classes. However, thousands
of others are receiving no special train-
ing at all.
Present conditions for the care and
treatment of the mentally retarded in
Ohio draw heavily on obsolete theories
of the past. At one time, mental retar-
dation was considered hopeless and
shameful. In the name of protecting
society and preserving the rest of the
family, the general practice arose of iso-
lating these children in distant, large
institutions. Parents were told to resign
themselves to this because "there is
nothing you can do for Johnny."
Today, it has been proven that the
mentally retarded can be helped with
love, individual attention, and training.
Many become fully productive, others
partially self-sufficient, and almost all
achieve degrees of self-care that were
undreamed of 50 years ago. Yet, there
has been almost no change in the insti-
tutional system of providing residential
care for the mentally retarded in Ohio.
Distressed parents who have no -other
source of assistance must still resort to
committing their child to distant State
institutions.
These institutions destroy the natural
bond between parent and child, are 35
percent overcrowded, are understaffed,
are unable to provide significant pro-
grams of training, substitute rigid rules
and regimentation instead of individual
attention and emphasize conformity and
submission to authority instead of self-
sufficiency.
Not quite 3 years ago, a handful of
parents of mentally retarded children in
Cincinnati, started an organization to
provide a better answer to the problem
of the mentally retarded.
Their objective was to build a per-
manent resident home-regional center
for the mentally retarded of all ages
and handicaps in Hamilton County so
that these afflicted persons might attain
the highest possible degree of self-
sufficiency.
Many hours have been spent and many
bitter frustrations have been experienced
to realize this goal. But this small group
of dedicated people had know the pain
and torment of having a mentally re-
tarded child. They also knew the fu-
tility of trying to finds help when there
was no help. Instead of accepting the
problem as insoluble, they had the de-
termination and the zeal to succeed,
not only for the sake of thier own chil-
dren but for all the unfortunate men-
tally handicapped children.
Today this organization owns 32 acres
of land; has several hundred members;
has renovated a building on this land and
is now conducting activity programs for
A1773
mentally retarded -children in it; has
hired a full-time professional executive
director; has raised over $100,000 in the
community; has had its request for a
$70,000 Federal construction grant ap-
proved and is ready to break ground on
the first phase of its building program.
The group was chartered as a non-profit
Ohio corporation in June 1963 under the
name of the Resident Home for the Men-
tally Retarded of Hamilton County, Inc.
It is a tax-exempt, chartiable organiza-
tion.
The corporation's bylaws require that
75 percent of its board of trustees be
the parents of mentally retarded individ-
uals. This was done to assure motiva-
tion and continuity of effort and to avoid
any deviation from the primary objec-
tive.
The proposed residential center for the
mentally retarded of Hamilton County
closely follows the recommendations of
"National Action to Combat Mental Re-
tardation," the report of President Ken-
nedy's panel, dated October 1962. This
report strongly recommends that facili-
ties for the mentally retarded be pro-
vided within their own communities. -
Facilities, it says, should include resi-
dential and nonresidential services and
modern day care, recreation training, and
vocational rehabilitation services. A
residential population of 300 is consid-
ered highly desirable for optimum effec-
tiveness.
Located within the boundaries of Cin-
cinnati, easily accessible to all in the
community, the residential center being
planned will have the advantage of being
able to offer the child professional serv-
ices heretofore not available in the com-
munity, individual attention and loving
care that he needs, while maintaining
continuity of contact with parents while
they live. Primary emphasis will be
placed on encouraging earliest possible
return to the home and the community
and training to permit the mentally re-
tarded to live their lives as close to nor-
mal as possible.
Located close to the community, the
residential center will be able to draw
on specialized educational, medical, and
recreational facilities already in exist-
ence; utilize the personal services of the
community's many dedicated service or-
ganizations who will want to become a
part of this community project and
donate their time as volunteers; and en-
rich the community by providing a train-
ing and research center for students of
nursing, medicine, psychology, and so
forth. This endeavor would also con-
tribute experience to the inadequate fund
of knowledge which is a worldwide hand-
icap in combating and alleviating the
problems of mental retardation.
The full-scale project will be under-
taken just as soon as possible depending
upon the availability of public assistance
from county, State, and Federal sources.
This will be a $3 to $4 million project,
with funds from the private sector total-
ing $750,000 to $1 million.
When capacity is reached, according to
the above concept, the development of
another such center on the eastern side
of the county will be considered.
Actually, then, the Federal Govern-
ment has two objectives in helping to
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CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD APPENDIX March 30, 1966
construct the first phase of this project:
First, to contribute to the alleviation of at
least some suffering caused by mental re-
tardation in Hamilton County, and sec-
ond, to help encourage the development
of and concept of "partnership" of both
private and public sectors of society in
the solution of mental retardation prob-
lems so that others throughout the Na-
tion can learn from this experience.
The $69,800 granted by Health, Educa-
Lion, and Welfare to the resident home
probably would not buy the landing gear
on one jet bomber but it represents some
very important things to those who
strove so hard to obtain it. It is 49 per-
cent of the cost of the first residential
structure; but, more important, it is the
achievement of a first goal, the recog-
nition of work well done, and the en-
couragement to finish what has been
started.
Postmaster General Speaks in Indianapolis
EX'I"ENSION OF REMARKS
C11.1
HON. VANCE HARTKE
OF INDIANA
The THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
l'uesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, on Sat-
urday evening some 6,000 Hoosiers gath?-
cred in Indianapolis for the annual
Jefferson-Jackson Day dinner. The hon-
ored guest and speaker of the occasion
was a man well-known to all of us, a man
of long and intense experience in politics,
the Postmaster General of the United
States, Lawrence F. O'Brien.
Mr. President. I ask unanimous con-
sent that the address of Mr. O'Brien on
that occasion may appear in the Appen-
dix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the address
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
,timoiIESS BY POSTMASTER GENERAL LAWRENCE F.
O'BRIF.N AT THE JEFFERSON-JACKSON DAY
IJ[NNER, MANUFACTURER'S BUILDING AT THE
STATE FAIR GROUNDS, INDIANAPOLIS, IND.,
MARCH 26.1966, 7 P.NI.
II;'s good to be hack in Indiana for a num-
ber of reasons.
I recall many visits in 1959 and 1960 travel-
ing across this State meeting and working
with many of you.
During that time I soon recognized that
your State Democratic Committee was not
one of those unfortunately all too common
organizations that relies more on good in
tentions than hard work, on hopefulness
rather than organization.
I rapidly learned that Indiana had a State
committee of professionals-men and women
who knew the business of politics-who knew
that aspiration is not enough, that inspira-
tion is not enough, and even perspiration is
not enough--without; the kind of organiza-
tion which insures that everyone works to-
gether effectively and with purpose.
That's the kind of State committee you
have here, and I think you should be proud
or it. It's the kind of party that produces
Governors of the caliber of Matt Welsh, who
was a candidate during my early visits, and
Roger Branlgan, whose record as Governor is
a solid list of achievements.
It is the kind of party that has given this
State one of the finest congressional delega.-
Lions in the country. In your two senators,
BIRCH BAYH and VANCE HARTKE, both Of
whom I have been pleased to know I or many
years, you have young; effective-Senators who
are not letting their colleagues forget for
a minute that Indiana is the "crossroads of
America," and I'm sure the people of In-
diana recognize their effectiveness on behalf
of this State. And, for the first time in fax
too long, Indiana Is being served 1..s it de-
serves to be served in the House of Repre-
sent:Itives: JonN BRADEMAS, WINFIt.u) DEN-
TON, :LEE HAMILTON, ANDREW JAt r ris, RAY
MADDEN, mild J. EDWARD R,OUSH. YOU just
can't beat a list like that. Effective hard-
working Congressmen, whose ability is
widely respected in Washington. But now
that I think of it, there is one was that you
can beat that list; 6 out of 1.1 is hood-but
you should have an even higher batting aver-
age, which would be bette:r for t In,; State
and better for the country.
And believe me, under my old fri:::oils Gor-
don St. Angelo and Dick Stoner, along with
Agnes Woolery and Dorothy Elmore. you have
the organizational leadership that can do it.
1 treasure the memories of campaigning
in Indiana for a young Senator from Mas-
sachusetts who came here and asked you for
your help.
rolnember those midnight In,torcades,
and how the Hoosier crowds resisanded to
him.
'['here are, still echoes of his voce as he
spoke at the coliseum in October 1960.
Many of you were present and i remem-
her your enjoyment when he said,' Mr. Nixon
in Boston the other clay said that I was an-
other Truman, and I. returned the compli-
ment and said he was another De?wey. And
he has not said :f was another Truman
since."
And I can hear him reciting Rouert Sher-
wood's poem that hailed the waning of
F.D.R.'s administration--you remember:
"Plodding feet, tramp, tramp,
The Grand Old Party's breakir;,,; camp,
Blare the bugles, din, din,
The New Deal is moving in."
And then that November the plodding feet
were again on their way out, and the blar-
ing bugles sounded the beginning of the
New Frontier.
Those were great, exciting days.
Today we rightly take pride in the fact
that we have carried out the promises of the
New Frontier. That is the greatest monu-
ment to President Kennedy. Today we are
working together to help President Johnson
build a Great Society in which all our people
can tiled opportunity to share in ou:r abun-
dance, anti in which the quality of our lives
can begin to :match the abundance of our
resources.
For half a decade the opposition. the army
of plodding feet, has been in disarray, their
cohorts milling about, torn between those
who would move toward the past c;uickly by
jet and those who would merely go slowly
by covered wagon. ft's almost-airoost-sad
to see their banners wilt.
Their tired old slogans have bowed before
democratic programs, that we were told over,
and over, and over again, would lead us to
national catastrophe, bitt which have in-
stead. brought unprecedented prosperity-
year after year after year. Last Fear, alone,
just the increase in our gross national prod-
uct was more than the total-the total-
gToss national product of all but 7 of the 130
nations of the world. Some catastrophe.
Of course, it is a catastrophe for those
who have little faith in Americ r. It is a
catastrophe for the professions'. criers of
doom and gloom. It is a catastrophe for
those who feel that the government is best
which does least.
Bu t it is certainly anything bin t a catas-
trophe for the American people.
Since 1961, we have enjoyed 61 months of
uninterrupted economic growth, tire longest
period in our history. The cycle c:?f reces-
sions after every 2 or 3 years of prosperiTy
has been halted.
The Democratic Party belives that we hag e
to work to keep America prosperous. It
doesn't come about automatically. The
party of Jefferson and Jackson is it. party
that recognizes problems, believes they can
be solved, and actively seeks solutions.
And today we can clearly recognize it
number of basic problems.
Some of these problems are dianestic:
others are international.
Some are close, and simple as the conversa-
tion I read about between two little girlF,
walking aimlessly along a trash-littered
alley, returning from a school that is unahic
to teach them, to a home that is no home.
One turns and shouts, "Just nothin'. T
don't want to be nothin' when I grow up."
And the playmate's reply full of withering
truth, "You're already nothin'."
Other problems are as distant and com-
plicated as the movement of hostile troops.
saboteurs, and terrorists into a neighbor's
land.
Some problems deal with the fact taaat
large numbers of our fellow citizens, large
areas of our national life, are not participec-
irig in our general affluence.
Solutions to all of these problems; involve
a common element-a search for soc>a
justice.
That search must be rooted in an under-
standing that as our gross national income
soars far above $700 billion it year, as we
produce nearly 10 million automobiles, as we
add an annex to the horn of plenty, we can-
not, we must not, forget those who are being
ground down by the iron heel of povert.v
and deprivation.
That search lies at the heart, of tlae Prc:;i--
dent's call for a war on poverty and his cru-
sade to assure that every American child gets
as much education as he can absorb-fir,l-
class education, befitting a tirst-class
country.
And let me digress here and say thot
when generations yet unborn read in their
history books about the United States in the
middle of this century-I am convinced we
will be hailed not for our production of
material wealth, but as the generation which
under President Johnson's leadership
created opportunity in education through
such landmark legislation as the Elamentar,i
and Secondary Education Act of 1965.
This legislation dealt with problerris th;!.t.
had baffled and frustrated sincere effort for
many years. It removed in one clean, nla:;-
terful effort conflicts and suspicions than,
had for too long held back the braid diitu-
sion of general knowledge.
It struck a heavy, hopeful blow to the door
of opportunity. And that dcor is opening.
opening to millions for whom it would other
wise have been closed.
The President's leadership in this area btu;
produced programs designed to give people
a chance who now have no chance. It will
provide ways for them to discover, develop,
and employ their abilities a.nd capacities.
It will assure that all Americans have tlni
same access to opportunity that we ourseli'e,
enjoy.
One of the finest of such programs 1
Project Headstart. Though modest In
scope, it is enormous in its potential and
its goal-which is no less than to reach pov-
erty's youngest children before the scar tis-
sue produced by the grimness of their lives
has constricted their ability to learn and to
grow.
But in a world of 15,000-mile-an-hour bal-
listic missiles that nation which concen-
trates on its own problems alone is pursuing
a shortsighted, dangerous, and potentially
disastrous policy.
In a world shrunk by the speed of jet
and rocket, that nation which aims to secure
social justice at home, while ignoring the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 30, 1966
Rev. Leo M. Gardzalla, assistant pastor of
Holy Trinity Slovak Church.
Revs. Stephen G. Medwick and Cyril J.
Rable, assistant pastors, were masters of
ceremonies.
Two parish vocations, Rev. Leo Dusheck,
S.V.D., and Thomas J. Dzurenda, S.P., were
thurifers. Serving as acolytes were two par-
ish seminarians, Gerald V. Brienza and
Gerald J. Washko.
Rev. John S. Marinko, assistant pastor,
commentated the Mass on radio.
Music for the mass was sung by the parish
school's girl choir, directed by the Sisters
of SS. Cyril and Methodius. Mrs. Francis J.
Guydish was organist.
At the altar consecration Saturday, deacon
and subdeacon were Rev. Cassian Yuhas, C.P.,
and Rev. Andrew A. Chupela, Starford, both
parish vocations.
Reverends Super and Gardzalla were chant-
ers; Reverends Medwick and Rable, masters
of ceremonies; and Reverends Dusheck and
Dzurenda, thurifers.
At yesterday's banquet, the audience was
addressed by John P. Senko, on behalf of the
parishioners, and by Rt. Rev. Msgr. Joseph A.
Madden, diocesan chancellor, on behalf of
the diocese.
Both spoke of the parish's history and fu-
ture, and of the parishioners' spirit as evi-
denced in the rebuilding campaign.
Congressman DANIEL J. FLOOD, a surprise
visitor, also addressed the banquet gathering.
Mayor Joseph B. Conahan brought greetings
from the city.
Invocation was offered by Rev. Joseph S.
Tomicek, of St. John the Baptist Church,
Throop. Benediction was delivered by Rev.
Michael J. Holly, of St. Mary's- Church,
McAdoo.
Toastmaster was Rev. Stephen J. Ya-
neka, pastor of St. Anthony's R. C. Church,
Larksville, and a former assistant pastor of
St. Joseph's.
Music selections were presented by the
parish men's choir, directed by Mrs. Guydish,
John Tomsho, Jr., was accompanist.
Dinner music was provided by Phil Cusick,
V
The U.S. Commitment in Southeast Asia
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. STROM THURMOND
OF SOUTH CAROLINA
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. THURMOND. Mr. President,
many voices have been raised in recent
days to question and deprecate the va-
lidity and essentially of our commitment
in southeast Asia. A very direct and
cogent answer appears in an editorial in
the Ukrainian Bulletin for the period
March 1 to March 15, 1966. I ask unani-
mous consent that the editorial, entitled
"Vietnam: Symbol of U.S. Guardian-
ship of Freedom," be printed in the Ap-
pendix of the RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
VIETNAM: SYMBOL OF U.S. GUARDIANSHIP OF
FREEDOM
The U.S. military involvement in Viet-
nam is a subject of worldwide interest and
a bone of contention for a small segment
of the American people who fail to see
clearly what our vital stakes are in the
struggle against the Communists in that
remote southeast Asian country. .
While our soldiers, ordered into battle by legislators should have deemed it appropriate
their Commander in Chief, President John- and helpful to stage special hearings and
son, are dying day and night, in America have a Mr. Kennan air views which at best
there are individuals and groups who vi- have the effect of making Hanoi hold on a
ciously denounce the Johnson administra- little longer, in the hope we'll get tired and
tion. In doing so, they are actually help- go away.
ing the enemy, the North Vietnamese For the Communist puppets in Hanoi have
Communists and their allies, wherever had ample opportunity to open up peace
they may be, in Peking or Moscow. talks. During the suspension of U.S. bomb-
Among the most vociferous critics are ings of North Vietnam the U.S. Government
some old hands and supposed "experts" on explored every accessible avenue to encourage
communism. One of them is George F. negotiations for the purpose of terminating
Kennan, our former Ambassador to Mos- the war in Vietnam. But these efforts came
cow and Belgrade, who, testifying before to naught. Somehow these legislators have
the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, overlooked this key fact.
counseled "withdrawal," but not "a dis- Perhaps most of the present critics of
orderly withdrawal." President Johnson's policies would not be so
PROPHET OF DOOM AND SURRENDER concerned about "peacb" in Vietnam had
It is to be recalled that Mr. Kennan there been a Salazar or a Franco confronting
has so often been wrong on great inter- us there-we may then have heard a loud
national issues that no other U.S. diplomat clamor for an open war in defense of human
can ever hope to match him in the num- freedom against the forces of totalitarianism.
her of his consistenly erroneous prophesies But the enemy happens to be communism,
and predictions. and somehow resolution and belief in the
It was Mr. Kennan who in 1947 came up rightness of our cause seem to fade away.
with the brilliant idea c?, containment, A COMMUNIST PATTERN OF CONQUEST
holding that communism and Russian The critics of our involvement in Vietnam
totalitarian imperialism should not be com- are fond of maintaining that there is no ag-
bated but contained. This concept merely gression from the north and that the Viet-
failed to take into account the dynamic na- cong and its political arm, the National Lib-
ture of communism which-for better or for eration Front, are as much Vietnamese as .are
worse-cannot be contained, but must pro- the South Vietnamese.
greys and expand in order to conceal the Some 40 years ago an almost identical situ-
emptiness and shallowness of its ideology. ation existed in Ukraine. When the Ukrain-
It was Mr. Kennan who, on the eve of the fan Central Rada proclaimed the independ-
Polish and Hungarian uprisings in 1956, ence of Ukraine with the overwhelming
wrote about the finality of enslavement of support of the Ukrainian people, the Russian
Central and Eastern European nations be- Communists promptly organized in Russia,
hind the Iron Curtain. His sonorous pro- north of Ukraine, a puppet Ukrainian Com-
phesies fell to pieces when the Hungarian munist government, and sent several thou-
freedom fighters, in a matter of days, de- sand Russian Communist troops to sustain
stroyed the despicable regime imposed upon these puppets in power. When the Ukrain-
Hungary by Moscow. Thanks to the shame- ian delegates at the peace conference in Brest
ful panic of the United Nations and the blunt Litovsk signed a treaty with the central pow-
refusal of the free world to support the Hun- are, the Bolsheviks clamored that their re-
garian patriots, a bloody Soviet Russian en- gime, brought in from the north on the
slavement became a fact again. It was the blades of their bayonets, was the true Ukraln-
same Mr. Kennan who invested in his writ- ian Government.
ings the historical canard that Ukraine is as It is evident that without an armed inter-
much a part of Russia as Pennsylvania is vention by the regular military formations of
a part of the United States. North Vietnam the Peking-supported Viet-
This completely illogical and untrue state- tong could not have operated over a vast
ment has helped strengthen the Communist territory in the south as it has.
ideological thesis that the U.S.S.R. Is The U.S. legislators may also be interested
synonymous with Russia, although the Rus- to learn that the Chinese Communists re-
sian Communist leaders still feel compelled cently sponsored the establishment in Peking
to maintain the illusion of a federation. of a Malayan National Liberation Front, a
Even the Kremlin, despite its totalitarian clandestine organization similar to the South
rule, its oppression of the captive non-Rus- Vietnam Liberation Front, dedicated to the
scan nations, and its wholesale rewriting of overthrow of the governments in Singapore
history, cannot go as far as Mr. Kennan and Kuala Lumpur. Last year saw the form-
in asserting that Ukraine is not an entity ing in Peking of the Thailand Patriotic Front.
of its own: When and if warfare breaks out in these
In testifying on Vietnam before the Ful- countries will they be civil wars, too?
bright committee, Mr. Kennan pronounced COST OF WITHDRAWAL
such typically wise counsel as: "I would sub-
mit there is more respect to be won in the It would be sheer folly for the United
opinion of the world by a resolute and States to make any move in Vietnam which
courageous liquidation of unsound positions would indicate weakening or a lack of will
than in the most stubborn pursuits of ex- power on our part to uphold our commit-
travagant or uncompromising objectives." ment.
Thus, in plainer language, a retreat before But the stakes in Vietnam are much higher
the enemy will win us more friends than than the prestige of the United States alone.
trying to defeat him. What would be the repercussions in the
Have Mr. Kennan, General Gavin, and Sen- neighboring countries, and then further, in
ators FULBRIGHT, GRUENING, and MonsE Australia, the Philippines, and New Zealand,
learned nothing from the great lessons of if we heeded the ill-advised and defeatist
World War II and its origins? Obviously counsels of Mr. Kennan and his kind? The
not, if they persist in advocating withdrawal psychological shock waves would undoubt-
of the United States from Vietnam-which edly undermine the entire American position
would mean a literal surrender of southeast in the Far East.
Asia to the Communist camp. This should And what would the West Germans say and
also refer to the latest "me too" voice of the Berlinerg in particular, whose very exist-
Senator ROBERT F. KENNEDY who'ill advisedly ence depends on our determination and our
counsels a partnership with the murderous power to resist the Communist enemy?
Vietcong. The Communists are counting heavily on
It is unfortunate that while the U.S. Gov- our internal dissension and opposition. In
ernment is trying to force the enemy to come their view, democracies are weak and irreso-
to the conference table that a group of U.S. lute. They believe that the campus protests
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Vlar?ch, 30, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX
destruction of social justice abroad, is abdi-
cating leadership and only postponing the
ultimate reckoning.
in this, the time of the "long twilight
,i.ruggle, year in and year out" the erosion
of freedom anywhere in the world weakens
I reedoni here at horn..
We hear much these days about the com-
plexities of the struggle in Vietnam.
Tile air is full of falling feathers from
Ii.Lwk and dove.
'i'he papers tell us of conflicts between
hew Left and Old Right.
lucre is, indeed, so much discussion of
,lie war, that sometimes the essential facts
:ere ilk,- tire soil around active volcanoes--
ova red over with layer after layer of fine
i::li.
3Sitt I will say here. that President John-
:,on hasn't lost sight of the basic issue. And
f hive heard him say again and again: "The
)lash issue in Vietnam is whether we are
uing to stand idly by and watch a slowly
ioulcliii,g freedom being crushed by superior
iiiree."
All this talk of. hawks and doves, all of
lie arguments about escalation and de-esca-
lation, all this controversy between left and
right, are secondary to the question of what
is right and what is wrong.
Just a month ago a young mother and her
throne children entered the President's office
Ili the White House. They met there for a
;act and solemn creniony: the posthumous
presentation of the Medal of Honor Award to
.1 Sgt. Larry S. Pierce, a young American who
had fallen on the field of battle in Vietnam.
.ergeant Pierce had thrown himself on an
exploding mine and thereby saved many lives
a :t; the cost of his own.
I'Lie President :addressed himself to the
inc laquestions that trouble all of us when
violence snuffs out, the brightness of a brave.
young life.
Why :mould this sacrifice have been
r 1 ef;eSSary?
Why," the President asked, "was this
leave American called upon to give up the
sronnise of his youth? Why are his comrades
Lill called upon to fight on after him?"
"The answers." he said, "are to be found
u fianoi and Peking where greed and ambi-
,ion reach out to strangle peaceful nations.
"And they are to be found woven in the
,ry fabric of American tradition whore free-
rioun-any man's freedom-is prized above
it ; itself.
'P'rom Saratoga to the Marne to Okinawa
said now Vietnam--the Sergeant Pierces have
frame in legions to light the darkness and
drive out tyranny and war. They do so
iela_y ,_, They will defend the idea and
pursue the dream forever."
And then the !'resident added, "We at
home must be worthy of their sacrifice. We
tat be united in our purpose to create a
world where terror will not no unchal-
enged---where aggression and violence will
?liatter on the rock of our courage and our
r:nnvlction.
"We must be committed as individuals to
:common pledge: i"r;emen shall not stand
lone against the enemy that menaces all
if eemen."
This elemental foot was understood in the
s;w of left orson find Jackson. That is why
-.tedom survives and flourishes today.
flow that we are the most powerful nation
n the world, should we hold freedom more
-i aply than we did as a weak nation in the
i a s of Jefferson and Jackson?
ti there is one single sentence that, shims
p our position in Vietnam, it the President's
.!atement: "We did not choose to be the
oardia.ns at the gate, but there is no one
lily friends, it. is not easy to wear the
mantle of responsibility during troubled
times.
Bill, if we do not stand firm, who will?
it we cannot support freedom. in Vietnam,
.i,a will?
If we cannot keep our commitment to that
embattled nation which has suffered heavy
casualties-civilian and military--day after
day, year after year, rather than bend the
knee to corrrmunism, where then will we keep
it'?
I f we do not keep our trust with. those who
trust us now--who will trust its or rely on
us in the future?
If we turn our eyes away from the hush,
unpleasant, but real facts of internaticaial
life, will the appetite of communism de-
crease--or will it grow?
Do you, incidentally, think for a mono-ct
that Indonesia, the sixth largest nation in
the world, would have the courage to rise
up and throw out communism if it wer" ti't
for our example of standing firm In Vietnam?
These are the hard questions, the kind of
questions I saw John F. Kennedy and Lyndon
B. Johnson grapple with.
bfy friends. I: do not for one moment be-
lieve that the line of American courage and
clearheadedness that runs through our his-
tory ends in this generation.
There was no more peace-loving man th a.n
Thomas Jefferson, but let us not forget that
he was the author of a declaration which
signaled the beginning of the real conflict
with England; and lie was President when
we refused to pay tribute to north Afri,'an
pirates.
America honors the great figures of her
past because their leadership gave to us our
heritage of freedom. Their' deeds made it
possible for a Statue of Liberty to be at home
here.
That heritage means something. ?'hat
:a.tatue means something.
They do not mean that because the assassi--
nation, and. kidnaping, and iorture, and
sabotage occur in a small country, far away,
to a people about whom we know little we
should wash our hands of concern, and sb ud
aside and let the aggressors do their worst.
That is not the policy of the American of
Jefferson and Jackson.
And so my friends. when. we defend
tice in Vietnam as we advance it at horse,
when our President tells us that our cominit.-
ment to building the Great Society at home
must include protection of the basic right:;
of roan which lie at the foundation of :any
great society, we :ire only doing what we, as
concerned Americans, should do.
At the basis of building a Great. Society
here at home and protecting freedom abroad
there is that. same brilliantly burning, ever-
lasting idea, that. flowed from. the pen of
Thomas Jefferson, and that has guided our
party through its long history: "that men ure
endowed by the Creator with certain iai-
alienable rights, among which are life?
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness."
'T'hese are Jefferson's words. They tell its
why we are building a Great Society + + a
and why we are in Vietnam.
Certainly defending freedom is our historic
position--it i',s our position now, and I hope
it always will be. Every American who be-
lieves in our form of governrnen-its accom-
plishments and its future----will, I a.m sure,
give our President his loyalty, his support,
and his prayers--as the President pursues nits
awesome task: the preservation of our de--
moeracy.
Dedication of St. Joseph's Church in
Hazleton, Pa.
EX'T'ENSION OF REMARKS
HON. DANIEL J., FLOOD
OF PENNSYLVANIA.
TN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
_ i r7r
S
ceremonies of the new St. Joseph's
Church in Hazleton on Sunday, March
20, 1966, and to have addressed the bh,cl-
quet gathering. Monsignor Gavenda, the
pastor, and his parishioners. dese. eve
the highest praise in the tremendous re-
building project which they undertook
following the terrible fire that dcstrc' 'ed
the former church.
My interest in this parish goes back to
my childhood because I was born just two
blocks from the church. Many of my
closest and dearest friends are me fi-
bers of this parish and it was indeed a
warm feeling to have been among thorn
on the day of the dedication of the new
edifice. In recognition of that occasion,
the Hazelton Standard-Speaker ran a
lengthy and detailed narrative of the de-
dication ceremony in its edition of Mon-
day, March 21, and as part of :my're-
marks today I would like to include this
news story.
The article follows:
DEDICATION CEREfiIONIEs ATTRACT'I'HCUSAN')S
TO ST. JOSEPH Ca-In RCH
Ceremonies surrounding the dedication of
the new St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Church
attracted thousands of persons over the week-
end.
Beginning Saturday and ending yesterday,
the ceremonies included dedication of the
church and two of its altars, an open-hot se
program and a banquet.
Participating in the ceremonies were local.
area arid regional priests, officials of the
Roman Catholic diocese of Scranton, amid
government leaders.
The dedication ceremonies climaxed aan
extensive rebuilding campaign inaugurated
after a fire destroyed the former church
March 1, 1963.
The fire caused more than a million dol-
lars damage and forced members of the
Western Hemipshere's oldest Slovak Catholic
parish to worship in the church school's
auditorium for more than 3 years.
The new building was blessed by Rt. Rev.
Msgr. Joseph J. Gavenda, S.T.D., J.C.D., V.11..
St. Joseph's pastor; at a solemn high Mass of
thanksgiving yesterday morning.
The new North Laurel Street church, whi' 'h
holds about 900 persons, was filled to capacity
for the Mass.
Two of the church's three altars were
consecrated in rites conducted by Monsi:r-
nor Gavenda Saturday, the Feast of let.
Joseph. The morning ceremony filled tile
church to capacity.
Under Roman Catholic law, the remaining
altar will be consecrated when the church
is consecrated. No date has been set for the
church consecration.
The church was open to visitors for 4 hours
Saturday afternoon and night. Monsignor
Gavenda said a constant flow of persons, ln-
eluding large numbers of nonparishionei s,
brought thousands to the open-house pro-
gram.
Following yesterday's church dedication.
980 persons gathered in the parish school's
auditorium for a banquet.
Assisting Monsignor Gavenda at yeste '-
day's mass were Rev. Anthony W. Drogowsk1.
pastor of St. Stanislaus Roman Catholic
Church, who served as deacon, and Rev. Frai:-
cis S. Mussari, S.T.L., pastor of Our Lady oi'
Grace Church. the subdeacon.
Rev. Andrew Rentko, S.V.D., a. missionary ill
Mexico who came here for the dedication,
delivered the sermon.
Reverend Rentko, a city native and the final.
Vocation from St. Joseph's during Monsignor
Gavenda's pastorate, described the history
of the parish and lauded the faith and the
Tuesday, March 29, 1966' sacrifices of the parishioners in building the
new church.
Mr. FLOOD. Mr, Speaker, it was my Chanters were Rev. Joseph J. Super, pastor
pleasure to have attended the dedication of St. John the Baptist Church, Pittston, and
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March 30, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
and U.S. Senate teach-ins are signs that the
U.S. Government is ready to capitulate.
Critics like MORSE and FULBRIGHT serve
their function in the free discussions which
characterize our democracy. The war in Viet-
nam is unpopular; war as such is repugnant
to the Americans. But we believe that the
American people, maturing rapidly since
World War II thrust the mantle of world
leadership on their shoulders, will not shirk
the cause of freedom. To remain free Ameri-
cans we must be the world guardians of free-
dom.
HON. JAMES B. UTT
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. UTT. Mr. Speaker, the week of
April 11 to 17 is Submarine Week. I
know that those who are familiar with
our Nation's history are aware of the
vital role the submarine played in World
War II, and what a major part of this
Nation's defenses our submarine com-
prises today.
The saga of the submarine is one of
overcoming tremendous technical prob-
1^ms. -
It began on April 11, 1900, when the
U.S. Navy purchased a 54-foot "steel
submarine torpedo boat" for $150,000.
The story of the first U.S. submarine
began in the village of Liscannor, County
Clare, Ireland, where a young school-
teacher named John Philip Holland
spent most of his spare time sketching
plans for a submersible vessel.
In 1872, Holland emigrated to the
United States and began teaching in
Paterson, N.J. He also began building
submarines, financing them through
savings from his salary and personally
testing them in the Passaic River.
Between 1872 and 1895, Holland built
a variety of submarines with varying
degrees of success. One of his major
problems was underwater propulsion,
since he was forced to use an air-con-
suming, highly dangerous gasoline
engine.
In 1895, he began work on a craft
named the Holland in which he solved
the propulsion problem by employing
electric storage batteries for submerged
operation. The Holland was 54 feet long,
displaced 75 tons and was armed with
one torpedo tube and a pneumatic
dynamite gun.
After a series of exhaustive tests which
lasted more than 2 years, the Navy
purchased the Holland and ordered six
which were similar to it.
When the United States entered World
War I, the Navy had a fleet of 59 sub-
marines, most of them representing
improved designs. In 1912, it had ac-
quired the U.S.S. Skipfack, first of the
E class submarines and first to use
diesel engines for surface propulsion.
The diesel, inherently safer than the
gasoline engine, gave the submarine
greater cruising range and the Skipjack
became the first U.S. submarine to cross
A1777
An accelerated building program dur- Holland failed to foresee the ingenuity
ing World War I brought forth the 0 of American industry, however, and
and S class submarines which were eventually, storage batteries were devel-
slated to be the workhorses of the un- oped which enabled submarines to go
dersea fleet for nearly a quarter of a faster than ever and remain longer under
century. Their durability is attested by water than before.
the fact that during World War II, 10 But it was nuclear power that finally
"S" boats, which comprised but a small turned the submersible surface ship into
part of our submarine forces, alone sank a true submarine capable of almost in-
14 Japanese naval and merchant ships. definite operation and no longer bound
In the years following World War I, the to the earth's atmosphere.
United States, adhering to the Naval The first nuclear-powered submarine,
Limitations Treaty, restricted its sub- Nautilus, far exceeded the hopes of her
marine building program and new ves- most optimistic supporters. During her
sels were largely of the S class. However, first 2 years of operation, Nautilus
durable as they were, technological ad- steamed over 82,000 miles without refuel-
vances were making them obsolete. ing and established new speed and endur-
On November 21, 1933, an entirely new ance records. On a second atomic core
type submarine was launched at Groton, Nautilus went even further, pointing the
Conn. Named Cuttlefish, it was the way toward the Navy and Atomic Energy
forerunner of the fleet type of World Commission goal of a nuclear core which
War II fame. Larger than the S class, would last at least 5 years.
it had two distinctly new features-a Nautilus vividly demonstrated the new
partial double hull was partially welded versatility of submarine in August 1958,
rather than completely riveted-both when the submarine traveled from the
of which enabled the submarine to dive Pacific to the Atlantic via the North Pole
deeper than its predecessors. A deck during a 4-day, 1,830-mile voyage.
gun and 10 torpedo tubes made Cuttle- Other nuclear submarines-Sea Wolf,
fish a formidable fighting ship. Skate, and Sargo-pioneered new areas
Following the Cuttlefish came the of submarine operation. Sea Wolf re-
Shark, the first all-welded submarine mained submerged for 60 days completely
and the development of the fleet-type independent of the earth's atmosphere,
submarine had begun. By World War proving that extended submerged patrols
II submarines were fairly standard, aver- are feasible from both mechanical and
aging 310 feet in length and displacing human standpoints.
1,500 tons. They were armed with either Skate made two trips under the arctic
one or two 3-inch deck guns and had 10 ice, one during the northern summer and
torpedo tubes, 6 in the bow and 4 in the the second during its winter. On the
stern. first trip, Skate surfaced nine times in
In the early days after Pearl Harbor lakelike openings in the ice. On the
the submarine became the Nation's second, it surfaced by pushing its way
primary sea weapon. The undersea through the ice and on March 17, 1959,
Navy began offensive operations against surfaced at the geographic North Pole.
the Japanese immediately after war was More recently, the Sargo spent 31 days
declared and by V-J Day had sunk more under the arctic ice on an exploratory
enemy shipping than the combined ef- mission, and duplicated the Skate's feat
forts of the surface fleet and the air of surfacing at the Pole.
forces. Comprising 1.6 percent of the These achievements proved that the
Navy's wartime personnel, submarines Arctic Ocean is not only accessible to
accounted for 55 percent of all enemy nuclear submarines but is actually an
shipping destroyed. operational area, open to nuclear sub-
Following the war, extensive modifi-
cations were made in submarines. In an The "Guppy" conversion, a stream-
effort to increase underwater speed, lining of the hull configuration, began
superstructures and conning towers were after World War II, and marked a
streamlined; deck guns and other pro- major step in increasing underwater
truberances which created underwater speeds. The-name Guppy itself is an
drag were eliminated; the snorkel acronym for "greater underwater pro-
al--
fntroduced; and high alloy stteels was
lowed the vessels to operate at greater pulsion." Again, however, it was nu-
depths. clear power that enabled a second revo-
Despite technological advances and lutionary development-this one in the
design improvements of a half century, field of design. Naval architects had
the submarine was basically the same long known that a whale-shaped hull
craft developed by John P. Holland-a was ideally suited for subsurface oper-
surface ship that could operate under ations. Holland, in fact, had designed
water for a limited period of time. For his submarines along this line. How-
example: at a speed of between 1 and 2 ever, power limitations made the surface
knots, an absolute minimum, a sub- craft design-sharp bow, superstructure
marine could remain submerged for a deck and conning-the most practical
maximum of about 48 hours. At its top for the prenuclear era.
underwater speed of about 8 knots, a With the new power source at their
submarine could operate submerged for disposal, designers developed a radically
no more than 1 hour. new type of submarine-one with a
Power limitations had long concerned whale-shaped hull and nuclear power-
submarine designers. In fact, John P. plant. First, however, it was necessary
Holland had written in 1900: to test the feasibility of such a hull so
Larger (more than 200 feet long) boats the conventionally powered U.S.S. Alba
will never be feasible, unless we discover core was built as a research submarine.
some better system of storing electricity than Its success gave rise to the nuclear-
exists today-a contingency which is exceed- powered nSkipjack, ha istory. great ri stride in the
Ingly doubtful.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ---APPENDIX March 30, 196
:;gaped hull, its sail with diving planes
mounted on it, and its single screw pro-
peller, the Skipjack became the world's
,.I.stest and most maneuverable sub-
rn arine.
A third advance came with the fleet
ballistic missile submarine, a nuclear-
powered submarine armed with the
Polaris intermediate range ballastic mis-
sile. These submarines were designed
,>s, launch missiles with nuclear warheads
i'rom beneath the surface, and because
of their mobility are vital weapons in
tllri: Nation's deterrent arsenal.
't'ile first; Polaris-firing nuclear sub-
marine, U.S.S. George Washington, was
launched June 9, 1959, by General Dy-
namics and commissioned by the U.S.
h avy the following December 30.
More Effective Handling of Problems
Accompanying Cybernation
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. CLIFFORD P. CASE
IF NEW JERSEY
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
'Tasrsdal/, March 29, 1966
Mr. CASE. Mr. President, recently
Sam Zagoria, a member of the National
Labor Relations Board and formerly my
able administrative assistant, addressed
a dinner meeting of the Prince Georges
County Council for the Social Studies
held at the University of Maryland.
Ill a lively style, he pointed out how
some of the problems accompanying
cybernation can be handled more effec-
tively. I think, too, that most of us
would agree that we all need to be better
informed about developments in this
held and their relationship to collective
bargaining. I therefore request, Mr.
i.'resident, that the text of his remarks
be printed in the Appendix of the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the remarks
were ordered to be printed in the
ItECORD, as follows:
COLLECTIVE BARGAINING: How To TAKE THE
l"RUSTRiiTION OUT OF CYBERNATION
Remarks of Sam Zagoria, member, National
Labor Relations Board, at a dinner meet-
lalg of the Prince Georges County Council
for the Social Studies, Adult Education
Center, University of Maryland, College
[ark, Md., March 3, 1966)
]: acs grateful for the invitation to speak
Lo al; of you. You have an important re-
sponsibility and a great opportunity, for it
is through your eyes, through your interest
Snot enthusiasm, that the youngsters of this
county, including my own, will learn about
the institutions of our land, as well as those
Of other countries.
Finding it topic that would be appropriate
and useful posed no problem except that I
are still learning the P's and Q's of a new job.
The P's remind me not, to talk about pend-
ing legislation, pending cases, or politics.
This rather limits the field, but let me try.
As we sit here tonight thinking that we
:should have skipped the dessert or at least
skipped out before the speaker, it is hard
to turn our thoughts to how social sicence
Lcac:hers of the next century will talk about
Uhis one. Much wiser heads than mine, the
National Commission on Technol:gy, Auto- pensive vertical one; where shippi:Ig truel:
mation, and Economic Progress, l::.st month do not have to double and triple: park in
contributed their view: narrow downtown streets with delvers' pa,f
".Future historians will probably describe ticking away at $4 and $5 an hour; where
our time as an age of conscious social workers are given parking space tree instead
change. The change we are witnessing in-
cludes the rapid growth of popui.tion, the
massive flow of peoples from rur.l areas to
the cities, the steady growth oA national
wealth and income, the rise of oppressed and
submerged peoples, the spread of mass edu-
cation, the extension of leisure, t', e venture
into space and the frightening i :crease in
the destructiveness of military w:eapons."
These thoughts are no stranger., I know,
to this audience, but. thry have some impli-
cations for the field in which I w:rk which
I should like to share with you. Le t: me start
with a recent statement by Sccretar': of Labor
Wirtz, "Today's youthful members of the
work force can anticipate char,;ing jobs
three to four time;. over the cc:nrse of a
career. * * * Modern technology and the
new skill demands it has brought shout have
introduced on the American wort, scene an
unprecedented era of chenge."
Indeed, some of your young cl, irges are
likely to find that in their work ~e; career
they will prepare for one field of work, change
to another and wind up in a third. Also,
these changes are likely to be c mpressed
into it shorter work career, for thou trend is
toward more years in school and c;llege and
toward earlier and earlier retirerae:nt. In
between are the working years at-t not the
kind your father and grandfather knew,
where they learned a. trade, craft 'r profes-
sion, practiced it well, and encour:'ved their
offspring-and occasionally a s- ri-in-law,
too--to carry on the family's good name in
the same field.
The world in which. we live-the aorld you
are introducing your students to- is chang-
ing. It always has, but a new in,'' -odient-
cybernation--I suggest, will affect the broad
trends of which the Automation C( rnmission
spoke, and bring about substantial change
in the employment picture of which Secre-
tary Wirtz spoke. Lei; us take a Click look
at it.
Automation has been with us for many
years, but now we have added to it a fan-
tastic piece of equipment-the ccunputer-
which has the facility to store thousands
and thousands of facts, to make ca;culations
and give directions based on them, to accept
new facts during the process and rer tse direc-
tions. It can match. wanted fact , against
stored facts in speeds hard to comprehend,
and it can do these things 24 hours a day,
7 days a week, even at locations thousands of
miles from the man asking the que;t:ions.
Let me describe one example: The Sara Lee
bakery located outside Chicago. It produces
fresh-frozen cakes, breads. and roll;;--about
75 million it year for customers all over the
Nation. A central computer about the size
of a bread truck does all these things: It
follows sales figures, orders the appropriate
amounts of fresh milk, whole egg.,, butter,
flour, and other ingredients; meters them
out precisely; directs the mixing machine,
baking, wrapping, and freezing, and accepts
signals from quality control instruments all
along the route (is the batter too thick?
Too thin? And every 15 seconds it. asks if
the oven is too hot, too cold), and then when
the goodies are stored, it records the precise
location of each item.
When an order conies in, it commands a
mechanized warehouse to assemble an exact ing back to cybernation, must it necessarily
order front runong the 24 varieties and do so involve large economic dislocations, much
in the time a truck is driven from !he front personal hardship? The answer depends in
gate to the back door. In its spare time, it good measure on what we do today and on it
prepares bills, cost figures, ,sales trend charts, relatively new institution, which has weath-
the company payroll, and anything else the ered good and bad days, collective barg:aininip.
button pressers can think up. The Magna Carta for collective bargaining
Let; me point out, too, that this plant is was the National Labor Relations Act of 1936,
located. almost 30 miles outside Chicago, in a year when many of us here were trying to
a suburb where land values permit a hori- outguess our high school teachers. The
zontal operation rather than the rno:re ex- Wagner Act, its it became known, included
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of nibbling away at their weekly pay to
plunk out a dollar a day in parki:Ig fee:;.
Let me blend in one more factor. Ill r
manual operation, growth in business me: n ;
the owner has to expand his plant and his
labor force. In a highly mechanized oper:-
tion such as Sara Lee, the company can
triple its current production without adding
to its 500,000-square-foot bakery and yr,il
may be sure its labor costs will not lr:
tripled.
Some observers have pooh-pooliod cybc -
nation, declaring such plants as Sara Lce
are an isolated example. True, for now, t,
what do you think will happen when corn--
peting bakery A, faced with an obsolete
plant and constant traffic jams, ponder:;
what to do next? What do you think come
peting bakery B, when faced. with a need
for expansion in a high-rent district down-
town will do? These rugged individuals-!,
no less than high school sophomores, arc
copycats, particularly when their carni.nt;:
picture can be brightened by change.
Another factor on which some rely in
downgrading the impact of cybernation ie
that the computer industry itself will brief:
about a great demand for people to make
computers and to service them. Ironically,
much of the computer making is being ac-
complished by automated-indeed com-
puter-directed--processing, and when a
part of the computer goes on the blink,
the remaining units can hell) track down
clown the erring unit. Frequently all that
is involved is that the old unit is removed,
a new one screwed into place, arid, voila,
all's well again.
But lest you think cybernation affects
only blue-collar workers and not those of is
who have to wear ties to work, perish the
thought. Wherever men and women are
working, whatever the field, new technology
can help. In teaching, we have already
made use of teaching machines, programed
instruction in various ways, teaching by
television and now even in color. In Mex-
ico City, color TV is being used to teach
reading and writing successfully to illiter-
ates such as a 77-year-old laborer. Almost
500 persons received diplomas after 60 hours
of classes-65 percent of the entering class
(that's better than the University of Mary-
land in the days when I taught here),
Computers are in use in hospitals to take
inventories of stocks, order drugs, add up
bills, check insurance payments, regulate
diets, record medical histories, read cardio-
grams and analyze brain malfunctions. Com-
puters are helping lawyers find precedents
from among thousands of law decisions. In
banks and insurance companies they have
become commonplace.
The potential is endless. Recently a lec-
turer at the University of Maryland pointed
out that computers are being taught to solve
jigsaw puzzles, which is not as frivolous
as it sounds. The computers can then figure
out how to pack the highest possible num-
her of cars into a parking lot or how to best
plot out a land development project..
Clearly, we are entering a period of great
change. But teachers thrive on change.
You get plenty of it-a new crop of cha.]-
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March 30, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX A1797
both. Two of these OEO employees in
Noorvik, Alaska, decided to provide a
popcorn popping machine for the vil-
lage, and the enclosed article, "Popper
Goes North," which appeared in the
Washington Daily News of March 24,
1966, reveals how they achieved their
goal:
POPPER GOES NORTH
Employees of the Office of Economic Oppor-
tunity here have chipped in to provide an
Eskimo village in Alaska with a popcorn pop-
ping machine.
The story began when two VISTA volun-
teers, Judy Ames, of Altadena, Calif., and
Harold Bruce, of Wheaton, Minn., in the
village of Noorvik (population 384) wrote
OEO Director Sargent Shriver.
They said popcorn sold like hotcakes in the
Noorvik theater, and the proceeds went to
charity. But the profit was low because pre-
popped popcorn had to be flown in.
Mr. Shriver assigned the problem to Mike
Sher, who ordinarily works on congressional
relations, and a popping machine was finally
located in San Francisco and its owner,
Arthur Unger, agreed to sell it at half its
regular price of $150.
Jacques Rion, a San Francisco theater op-
erator who had helped locate the machine,
offered to pay $37.50, if OEO provided the
rest. He also pledged a year's supply of
popcorn.
Since the OEO has no budget for popping
machines, Mr. Sher passed the hat in the
office here, and the machine was on its way.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CLARK W. THOMPSON
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. THOMPSON of Texas. Mr.
Speaker, I was interested in the Houston
Chronicle's editorial opinion on "the
overwhelming support both Houses of
Congress ' gave the $6 billion tax in-
crease."
The Chronicle is of the opinion that
the strong support the measure received
indicates :
Most Congressmen stand with the Presi-
dent-Republicans as well as Democrats,
The paper believes:
No one yet has come -up with a better
course of action than that which President
Johnson is pursuing.
Since many may want to see the edito-
rial in its entirety, with permission of my
colleagues I include it in the RECORD.
[From the Houston (Tex.) Chronicle,
Mar. 19, 19661
A VOTE OF CONFIDENCE
The overwhelming support both Houses
of Congress gave the $6 billion tax increase
was to some degree a vote of confidence in
President Johnson's conduct of the war in
Vietnam. The vote was 288 to 102 in the
House and 72 to 5 in the Senate. The in-
crease will provide funds to carry on the war.
The strong support the measure received
indicates that, despite the worst Mr. John-
son's critics could do, most Congressmen
stand with the President-Republicans as
well as Democrats. This does not mean, of
course, that many Americans aren't deeply
disturbed at the possibility of a greatly en-
larged war or even of eventual war with Red
China. But it does indicate that no one yet
has come up with a better course of action
than that which President Johnson is
pursuing.
At the signing of the bill, Mr. Johnson
made a few observations about our mission
in Vietnam. He recalled that Congress, on
the eve of World War II, created a false im-
pression in the world when it extended the
draft by a slim one-vote margin in the
House, then refused to fortify the island of
Guam.
He added: "The overwhelming vote of this
[tax increase] measure * * * testified that
we may have learned something from recent
history. It is a lesson which we should have
learned long ago for it was really one of our
Founding Fathers, John Jay, who warned us:
'It is too true, however disgraceful it may be
to human nature, that nations in general
will make war whenever they have a prospect
of getting anything by it., "
Most nations have since learned the final
futility of war, Mr. Johnson said. A few
remain who do not desire peace, "So to those
who ask what our present struggle in Vietnam
means, let me say: Our purpose is to demon-
strate to the remaining advocates of violence
that there is more human profit to be had
from peace than there is from war."
Strength in Unity
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, in
the last several weeks we have been hear-
ing the cry of General de Gaulle that it
was his intention to do everything he
could to weaken or dismantle the North
Atlantic Treaty Organization.
I do not subscribe to the theory of
General de Gaulle in this action and
hope that this plan will drop by the way-
side and that this great Organization
will continue its existence, yes, even ex-
pand.
The Newark Evening News of Thurs-
day March 24, 1966, states that the
North Atlantic Treaty organization must
be preserved.
The paper declares:
NATO has brought confidence where there
was uncertainty; progress where there was
decay; partnership where there was isola-
tion.
It adds:
If accommodations to new conditions are
possible there is no reason they cannot be
made by extending, and not disintegrating,
the Atlantic Alliance.
Since this matter concerns us all at
this time, I would like my distinguished
colleagues in the House to have the full
text of the editorial as it appeared in the
Newark Evening News.
Mr. Speaker, I insert the editorial on
the subject in the RECORD because of its
timeliness and excellent appraisal of the
problem.
The editorial follows:
PRESERVING NATO
President Johnson has responded obliquely
but nonetheless forcefully to General de
Gaulle's plan to dismantle NATO. Europe's
choice, as the President sees it, either is to
extend and strengthen the un: ty under which
it has prospered in peace for the last 20 years
or to risk a return to the rivllries that pro-
duced two world wars withi;I a generation.
These are, of course, ea;y generalities.
Avoided was any direct reply to De Gaulle's
threat to clear France of all N ATO troops and
bases that are not turned rver to French
command. Practicality, as we 11 as diplomacy,
counseled this approach.
More time is needed for a fuller apprecia-
tion of what the general's proposals would
mean, not only to France's European allies
but to France Itself. NATO headquarters is
an industry in itself, and one that contrib-
utes importantly to the French economy.
So do its various installations throughout
the country. Obviously, Mr. Johnson is con-
tent to let the French ponder what their
losses would be.
Overriding these mundane pecuniary con-
siderations is the fact that NATO has brought
confidence where there was uncertainty;
progress where there was decay; partnership
where there was isolation. An aggressor is
likely to be deterred. if he is confronted by a
common defense, emergency plans prepared
in advance, and integrated commands to
carry them out. And that is what NATO has
provided to date.
If accommodations to new conditions are
possible there is no reason they cannot be
made by extending, and not disintegrating,
the Atlantic alliance. Its purpose, as Mr.
Johnson noted, is not to make war but to
assure peace. No more than assurance of
peaceful intent should be needed to gain
admission.
These are some of the thoughts Mr. John-
son has left with France and any others who
may be tempted by General de Gaulle's ideas
of trying once again to go it alone. Fortu-
nately, as matters now stand, General de
Gaulle's is still a lonely voice crying out more
from frustration than any position of real
leadership.
South Vietnam Editorials
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. A. S. HERLONG, JR.
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. HERLONG. Mr. Speaker, under
unanimous consent, I insert in the Ap-
pendix of the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
two editorials from my hometown news-
paper, the Leesburg Daily Commercial,
on the situation in South Vietnam that
I think are well worth reading. The
arguments that they present are cogent
and I commend them to the member-
ship of the Congress:
[From the Leesburg (Fla.) Daily Commer-
cial, Mar. 17, 19661
AN INVITATION TO DISASTER
There are at least two gaping holes in
Senator J. WILLIAM FuLBRIGHT'S plan for a
Sino-American detente in southeast Asia.
The Arkansas Democrat, chairman of the
Senate Foreign Relations Committee, would
like to see the United States and Red China
reach an agreement for the neutralization of
that part of the world, with both sides with-
drawing their military power from the
region.
To bring this about, says the Senator, we
must make the prospect of permanent Amer-
ican military bases qn the periphery of
China a credible threat. And to do this, we
should confine ourselves to "easily defensi-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 30. 1966
bl1' buses s;n.ewhat
; i L; r: tltar."
(
decade. no one else can be blamed f r think-
ing he can do better,
And it is safe, because no sensible person
wants the war in Vietnam to go on and
on as it has, exacting an increasir:;* toll in
lives and resources from all concer.iod with
nothing that can be called victory in sight.
Certainly the President would like the
mews to end, and has gone on r~cord pledging
himself to the principle of a i,tgotiated
peace.
The only ditficnlty is, how do on hold
"direct ta1.'s" with somerltfng that is not a
politic'd entity but more like an elemental
force of nat.ure, that seems to be J'-,I by no
one man, which his no headqua tors, no
acknowledged hierarchy Of commas I?
In other words, who is the man or group
of men in the Vietcong with whoi" we are
supposed to negotiate?
According to some, the Vietcong it it, patri-
otic, indigenous South Vietnamese action-
aided, perhaps, but not directed by North
Vietnam. But if so, where is the Flo Chi
Minh of South Vietnam whom we at,, to offer
a post in a coalition government?
The facts are that there is onlc one Ho
Clii Minh, the one in the north; that here
its only one headquarters for the 'v'ietcong,
the one in Hanoi; that- the only leaders with
whom we call negotiate are the ones la North
Vietnam.
These are the only assumptions this coun-
try can reasonably base its policy on, and
until other evidence is forthcon rig, the
facile, advice that we "talk to the Vietcong"
merely adds unneeded nettles to what is one
of the thorniest entanglements Ain:-rica has
ever gotten itself into.
Our peese:it; ::tra.tegy in the war in Viet-
iumi is not a credible threat to China, lie
aintains, hccause the Chinese are con-
vinced we have neither the strength nor the
111 to keep on. spending "more and more
l:ve5 and more and more money in an ever-
'c iciening but inconclr?.sive war."
'I'he most glaring defect in Vie Senator's
:,~mnent, even if such an agreement could
lie macie with China, is that China has no
:ases to di:,rnantle in southeast Asia, no
c;nrn rt trootit: to remove from Vietnam.
;tv ttt. scrne logic, we might. also offer to
anal l the 7th Fleet from the Pacific if the
I'Bin--;sc would drydock their nonexistent
Our the Senator's other recommenda-
cult only would a withdrawal into little
?'torirass Americas" he's retreat, undoing
all t'.-rat has been accomplished with such
,acrilice on the battlefield in the past
tuontlts, but it would give the Communists
c greatest. incentive they could have for
co:at,nlting tt.e war.
rcecnrding to one military analyst, Hanson
W. Baldwin, such a policy would lead no-
if-,.ere. It would mean the abandonment
of all hope of clearing the Vietcong from
i:.hcir strongholds in the south and deteri-
orate South Vietnamese morile. It would
1ueal: conceding the strategic initiative to
Ira enemy and exposing U.S. forces to the
'ne.sttint drain of casualties without bring-
ing increased pressure on Hanoi. It would
mean indefinite stalemate, deferred defeat,
defeat on the installment plan."
in. iris Semia Lu speech, FULIIROOHT quoted a
Canadian ccrrenpondent's report that it is
:,, matter of faith with the Chinese that the
Tlnfted States can never win a land war in
Asia, that with all our awesome power we
cirn.not fight several revolutionary wars at
tire same time and that we will eventually
be engulfed without direct Chinese inter-
. enti;In.
'1'h.! Chinese, fortunately, arc not infal-
lible. Its was :,n article of faith with them
iu the last century that, despite the tech-
nological superiority of the Europeans who
were carving out spheres of influence on
Chinese territory, China was superior to all
4,1 them in culi,ure and could not possibly
be defeated ---that with one great shrug its
vast, population would someday cast the
lr.,rbarians back into the sea.
';It(! present masters of China are rio less
out of touch with reality, no less prisoners
td' Their own propaganda. If we ever hone
to achieve lasting peace in southeast Asia,
the worst thing we could do-and the worst
cs.isservice we could render not only to our-
sr,Ivee but to the Chinese-would be to .join
Chem in their dream world and adapt our
L nlicies to their fantasies.
i Erom the Leesburg (Fla.) Daily Commercial,
t:lar_ 18, 19661
W1 n AHE THE VIETCONG?
t)tie of the easiest and satest Ways to
',squire a reputation for statesmanship and
at the present time is to come out
in fa,tor of negotiating with the Vietcong
in Iirnith Vietnam.
rpokesnt:.,n for this view, the name of
:'ertator Rorx:RT KENNEDY leaps to mind
+. ltst. an automatic reaction every politician
would tike to inculcate, though not neces-
;;nrily in this particular connection.
't'ale New York Times is another influential
voice. In a. recent 1,300-word editorial out-
lining, suggested modifications in the adinin-
o iration's present Vietnamese policy, it
oltin.ed. that "direct talks with the Vietcong
.c"e ca;ential."
Such advice is easy, because few wars have
provided a better field day for armchair
strategists. When even the experts take
turns putting their feet in their mouths. as
Basic Protection for the Traffic Victim
EXTENSION o ,)F REMARI';15
or
SSON. FRANK THOMPSON, JR.
OF NEW JER'iEY
IN TIll? HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. THOMPSON of New Jersey. Mr.
Speaker, we are all aware of the contri-
butions that scholars at Harvard and
other universities have made in. the
public interest on a wide variety of
emergent problems. I amt pleased now
to commend to the attention of cry col-
leagues another such service-a pro-
posed new form of insurance plan which
would do away in large measure with
the flood of negligence actions that are
plaguing our courts. Tice plan rind the
text of a proposed model statute !::l place
it into effect at the State level :Ire set
forth in a book entitled "Basic Protec-
tion for tare Traffic Victim," published by
Little, Brown & Co. It was wri: ten by
Prof. Robert E. Keeton, of Harvo l'd Law
School, and Prof. ,Jeffrey O'Con hell, of
the University of Illinois, College of
Law. The study out of which thrfr pro-
posal emerged was conducted at Harvard
Law School. Throu-Fhout the study the
authors had the advice of a distinreuished
panel of experts on insurance :: nd re-
lated law. This panel includes Profs.
Frederick M. Hart and James M. Smith,
of Boston College Law School; Wi:iliam
J. Curran, director of the Boston Uni-
versity Law-Medicine Research Insti-
tute; Prof. Daniel G. MacLeod, of Boston
University Law School; Profs. Herold J.
Berman, Louis L. Jaffe, and John H.
Mansfield, of Harvard Law School, and
Profs. Alvan Brody and David J. Sargent,
of Suffolk University Law School,
In essence, the plan proposes a basic
protection insurance which would reim-
burse a person for his financial loss aris-
ing from an automobile accident with-
out, ill most cases, raising the question
of blame. The injured person would be
reimbursed the doctor bills, hospital bills,
and lost wages month by month as the
losses occur, rather, than as at present,
receive a lump sum as and when the in-
ured party settles with the insurance
company or receives judgment as the re-
sult of litigation.
This new form of insurance would be
coupled with a State statute that would
waive claims based on negligence unless
the damages for pain and suffering are
likely to exceed $5,000 or recovery for all
other causes-medical expenses, loss of
wages, et cetera-would exceed $10,000.
The authors of the proposal contend
that their plan would sharply reduce the
overhead of our present insurance sys-
tem which, according to reliable figures,
delivers less than 50 cents of the pre-
mium dollar to the victims. The authors
also believe their plan would cut insur-
ance costs and remove the inducement
for fraudulent claims. I am advised that
legislation to implement this new plan
has already been introduced in Michigan
and is being given consideration in other
States. I think we can all agree tl'iat the
time has arrived for some sort of reform
in automobile negligence actions. The
proposal by Professors Keeton and
O'Connell is worth serious consideration.
Air Pollution Elimination by Mayor John
S. Nicosia, of East Chicago, Ind.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RAY J. MADDEN
OF INDIANA
IN TIIE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. MADDEN. Mr. Speaker, Mayor
John B. Nicosia, of East Chicago, Ind?
has accomplished more progress in fight-
ing air pollution in his city than arty
mayor in the United States.
The following article by Sarah Boyden
in the Chicago Sun-Times of March 13,
1966, reveals facts and procedures that
should be followed by mayors of all cities
which are scourged with industrial, auto,
and all forms of air pollution:
ONE MAN's BATTLE FOR A GULP CF Fnt::,si Air.
The air you breath costs you at lc1St $31
a year. That pays for cleaning your clothes
and house furnishings. Add walls the t. must
be repainted, trees and shrubs which are
blighted or killed, carpets that wear out,
quicker, a dozen other similar items caused
by airborne contaminants, and the bill Is
more than doubled.
But those results of dirty air are only
nuisances. What one man sate in X-ray
pictures of the lungs of his fellow citizens
caused him to give up an established medical
practice, run for mayor of East Chicago,
Ind., and get elected.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 30, 1966
not kept the University of Wisconsin from which practices deceit, but on the newspaper
drawing many of the top scholars in the writers who are trying to penetrate the paper
country to its faculty. curtain.
Both the Midwest and the Wisconsin site
can be strongly backed without pushing the
decision into the political arena. If it does
become a matter of politics, however, Wis-
1 ti can be
on
d
'
Water Resources Challenges in Maryland
e ego
s Washington
consin
counted on to do an effective job, since its EXTENSION OF REMARKS
members have already pledged to work to- or
getheron this project.
HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR.
There i is no no certainty that President John-
son will agree to put beginning construction
money in his budget at a time when the
Vietnam war is already jeopardizing domes-
tic programs. But this atom smasher would
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
be an important national tool for probing Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. Speaker, the need
and deeper should d into the eventually mysteries be of the fundedatomic age, for a truly comprehensive attack on the
funded. water resources problems of the North-
east, including the Potomac basin and
all of Maryland, should be clear to us
The Drive Is On for Censorship all. This year the flow of the Potomac
at Washington reached an alltime Jan-
EXTENSION OF REMARKS uary low. Communities in central Mary-
land have found their municipal water
OF
supplies dangerously depleted. Agricul-
HON. DONALD RUMSFELD tural losses for the State from 1962
OF ILLINOIS through 1965 have been estimated at
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES over $7,000,000. With no end to the se-
vere 5-year drought in sight, the warn-
Tuesday, March 29, 1966 ing signs are numerous.
Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, it has It is essential that we accelerate our
been reported that some in Government efforts to develop additional sources of
favor wartime censorship of news from water, to improve water distribution sys
Vietnam. tems, and to make usable all the water
The following editorial from the March we have through an energetic assault
21, 1966, edition of the Chicago Tribune upon pollution., Although many Federal,
discusses this question: State and local agencies are working to-
THE DRIVE Is ON FOR CENSORSHIP ward these goals, intensified efforts
A Democratic spokesman, Representative should be financed and encouraged with-
RICHARD ICHORD, of Missouri, has initiated out further delay.
preliminary moves in behalf of the Johnson I would like to bring to the attention
administration for wartime censorship of of the Congress today an editorial,
news from Vietnam. He said that the coun- "Fifth Year of Drought," from the
try simply cannot afford distorted, biased, Washington Evening Star, March 26,
Inaccurate, incomplete, or irresponsible war 1966, and Mr. John Dorsey's extremely
news coverage.
pie suggested that the Government might interesting and informative article on
tighten policy on accrediting correspondents, the drought and its impact on Maryland,
limit access to battle zones, and "scrutinize'; "Northeast United States Has Its Great-
reports filed for transmission to American est Drought in History," from the Balti-
newspapers. more Sunday Sun of March 27.
Representative ICHORD complained about Evening Star, Mar. 26,
g
the adequacy and objectivity of the report- [Prom the Washington 19661
ing of the war, which, he said, denied the
American people a complete and fair account FIFTH YEAR of DROUGHT
of how the war is going. He added that there Some of us may have assumed that this
1s too much destructive criticism of our winter's heavy snows have headed off the
efforts, both military and civilian, in Viet- prospect of another year of drought in the
nam. Northeast. Alas, not so. The National
There have been many complaints from Water Resources Council reports that not
correspondents reporting the war about only is the drought likely to continue; it is
clumsy, but at times smothering, efforts by likely to extend eastward and southward to
military information officers to hamper them include Delaware, Maryland, half of Vir-
in their work. The usual motive of censor- ginia, and northeastern West Virginia.
ship is not to rectify inaccuracies but to cover Another dry year could result in a serious
up blunders. situation, the council warns, and affected
Again, the American people might have areas are advised to begin conserving water
a clearer understanding of the war if the and improving supply systems at once, tak-
political leaders in Washington had a co- ing maximum advantage of existing Federal
herent idea of what they are out to ac- lean and grant programs.
complish and how they intend to defeat Com- The Potomac basin, now for the first time
monist aggression. The sniping at the war officially included in the drought area, saw
and its goals comes mostly from members its river reach an alltime low at Washington
tivities of President Senators Johnson's FULBRIGHT, own party, as the and in January. Melting snow swelled the river
others have demonstrated, , MORSE, and temporarily, but by the end of February the
oth
An administration which operates on the water had receded below average levels.
precepts that news is part of the arsenal Coming at a time when a major effort is
of weaponry available to the President, that underway to make the Potomac basin a
a policy of managing the news is justified, model for the Nation, the report drives home,
and that a government can lie to save it- or should drive home, the fact that our atti-
self is hardly one to set itself up as a judge tude toward natural resources, particularly
of purity and truth in dispatches by pro- water, has been cavalier, to say the least.
fessional observers from Vietnam. The threat If continued drought convinces us that the
of censorship is an attempted diversion to time for a national conservation effort is at
place the blame, not on an administration hand, it will have served a useful purpose.
To most of us, the quiet dying of landscape
and wildlife, the imperceptible loss of soil
and the slow fouling of lakes and streams
have an unreal quality. These things take
place so gradually, we feel no sense of shock.
But when we cannot shave or take a bath,
cannot water the flower bed and even have
difficulty getting a glass of water in a res-
taurant, the importance of natural resources
begins to strike home.
There is no room for complacency where
water is concerned, the council warns. And
this is a warning that applies to our total
environment. We must read the handwrit-
ing on the wall and act before it is too late.
[From the Baltimore Sunday Sun,
Mar. 27, 19,661
NORTHEAST UNITED STATES HAS ITS GREATEST
DROUGHT IN HISTORY
(By John Dorsey)
The present drought in the Northeastern
United States is of longer duration and of
greater intensity than any drought ever be-
fore recorded. There is little comfort in the
fact that the law of averages decrees only
one such drought every 200 years.
Maryland has not suffered as much as New
York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Dela-
ware, but the State nevertheless has experi-
enced a drought more extended and almost
as severe as that of the early thirties. The
State has now had over three and a half years
of extreme drought. Other areas of the
Northeast have 4 to 5 years of extreme
drought.
Precipitation in the first 3 months of 1966
has alleviated the situation temporarily, but
much more rain must fall before conditions
approach normal.
For Instance, R. J. Kratzschmar, city water
engineer, estimates that in an area where
normally about 3 inches of rain can be ex-
pected to fall a month, we must have at least
5 inches a month for the next 6 months for
the reservoirs which feed Baltimore to ap-
proach normal levels.
TOLL OF DROUGHT
No one can tell how long the drought will
last, but everywhere there are Lndicautions
of the toll it has taken:
Cumberland began restricting water use
last September.
In Emmittsburg, two schools were forced
to close early for Christmas vacation because
they were draining too much of the town's
depleted water supply.
In Brunswick, at the other end of Fred-
erick County from Emmittsburg, one school
was closed temporarily in January and a
teachers' conference was called off because of
the water shortage. Despite emergency
measures, the situation in that town is still
critical.
Reports for the years 1962 to 1965 show
that the State's crop losses due to the
drought amounted to nearly $7 million a
year.
The Palmer Drought Index, a new method
of measuring drought severity, uses a scale
on which areas of near normal rainfall show
a reading about zero. A reading of minus
1.50 indicates a mild drought, of minus 2.50
indicates a moderate drought, and any read-
ing of minus 4.0 indicates an "extreme"
drought.
W. J. Moyer, the Weather Bureau's State
Climatologist, reports that of Maryland's
eight recording areas, all show readings below
minus 4.0, and four show readings below
minus 5.0. The north central region, which
includes Baltimore, shows a reading of
minus 5.6. Those are January readings.
RAINFALL DEFICIENCY
Recently calculated total rainfall figures
for the Baltimore area show that over the
8-year period from 1958 to 1965 a total de-
ficiency of more than 56 inches of rain has
been recorded.
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March 30, 1,966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX
1958 to 1961 at which time he assumed
his duties of Director of the Veterans'
Administration's Liaison Office.
I know all of his friends wish him well
in his new assignment and know that he
will perform most capably as he did in
ais previous assignment.
Mr. Earl E. Johnson Elected President of
the National Association of Supervisors,
Department of Defense
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
[-ION, JAMES A. BURKE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
I N THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. BURKE. Mr, Speaker, the Na-
l.ional Association of Supervisors, De-
urartment of Defense. held their 28th na-
tional convention in Washington, D.C.,
i i:om February 28, through March 2, 1966.
1 was most pleased that, during these
meetings, the association reelected Mr.
a,tanding citizen of my 11th Congres-
rr.onal :District, is respected and admired
by all of his many friends.
L fe and his wife, the former Arlene
1-1:;-lyward, of Brockton, resides at 11
Cushing Avenue with their three sons
who are all attending Brockton schools.
Bari is a member of the South Congrega-
tional Church, and has in the past served
air community with distinction as presi-
rat of the Men's (flab, and the Hunting-
?, r School PTA.
veteran of World War II, Mr. John-
srn his been employed since 1940 by the
Boston Naval Shipyard where he pres-
a~ntly h;alds the position of supervisory
sroduction shop planner.
The national association of which Mr
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT DOLE
OF KANSAS
IN THE HOUSE OFREPRESENTATIVE:;
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. DOLE. Mr. Speaker, I am proud
to have lived in a small community,.
Russell, Kans. This community has been.
blessed with an abundance of outstand-
ing people. Without question, one of the
greatest was the late C. W. Shaffer, who
departed this life at the age o: 86 on
March 1, 1966.
The late Mr. Shaffer was a self-made
plan whose influence was not only
strongly felt in our community, but
throughout Kansas and the Midwe;t.
It would be difficult to determine just
how many people have succeeded be-
cause of the advice and assistance re-
ceived from Mr. Shaffer, but the number
is large. He was a symbol of success, in
the true American spirit, because be
believed in. hard work and was convinc,,d
to the very end that th._ae who were
willing to work, willing to conserve, will--
ing to endure hardships when necessal u,
and willing to give of their time and
money to worthwhile causes, would 're
successful.
He was a man who worked and lived
for tomorrow-his, yours, and the t, i-
morrow of future generations. Every
community has its great lnen, and
certainly my community was fortuna': o.
in having felt the influence of "Uncle
Charlie" for so many years.
In the March 3, 1966, issue of tie
Russell Record, an editorial by Russell
T. Townsley., publisher and editor of the
Russell Record and the Russ,.1.1 Daily
News, pays tribute to this outstanding
man:
j V1 um
Iohnson is president was organised in C. W. SHAFFEM
W tshington, D.C., in 1913 with a nucleus "'he death of C. W. SlictEer, 86-year-old
ru seven locals--all Navy. It enjoyed ofainrnent Russell banker, marked the end
of an era in central Kansas. 'The last, mess--
progress until 1922 at which time, due to ber of the "Lucky Seven," Mr. Shaffer wc:;
f; lie large :reduction of employees in naval identified with the discovery of oil in mi(i
o ta:blishments, it was disbanded. It Kansas and the meteoric rise of the '.tndustra
w is reactivated in 1933, and the first which, even today, has a significant place iic
annual convention was held in 1939. By the economy.. He was respected for his finar -
Yi44, there were 1.1 locals, and there has cia ability, his dedication to his famil :
or en steady growth since. In 19.50, as civic and cornity life. Pat?es of the boot;
ai, result of the Unification Act of the the so his 'name are filled 'eith. entries c 1
the sort that .'ew men achieve.
,'Armed Forces, the association was ex-
):;_nded to the National Association of seen His e in tbelief bt schools built solid during g his can be
seen the u (oduring s 43 year:>
mpervisors. Department of Defense, on the board, the church, constructed, both
with 33 locals. There are currently 54 spiritually and physically (luring his life-
,ultive chapters with a membership of long membership, his home which its war.-,r
in excess of 8,000 members working for and filled with memories of a son and daugh-
kriny, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, ter and their circles of friends wile shared
t d Coast, Guard. in its ;low. His bank, as modern and efficient,
ac can be found today, was expanded and im
Ili:; organization is the bargaining proved in the closing years of his lire span.
ilt for all civilian supervisors in the He was planning for the future at, the time
Department of Defense, and has been in life when others were content to contem
re:;ponsible for solving many problems Plate the past.
'that could not have been satisfactorily The story of C. W. Shaffer, however, can
o:uilved at a lower level. The national be fairly told in the recital of his achieve
; rlilicially recognized by the Department meats. It is as warm and down-to-earth a:.
f Defense as representing civilian super- a tale by ry, Mark Twain, or Tasking
ton. Hundreds reds of brides over a half eentur,*
vi ,'ors; it also enjoys "formal recogni- or moire, have started in housekeeping with
f; ion" with the Navy Department under the pinning of currency on their wedding
i?:xecutive Order No. 10988. dress at the traditional wedding dance. It.
A1.801.
would be hard to count the number of homes
In the community today which are here be-
cause Mr. Shaffer at the bank could see
truth, honesty, and industry-where others
saw hard luck and hard times. Vast farm
holdings, solid stores, service firms, and in-
dustries are good today because "Uncle
Charlie" could measure men. He was as
conversant with the tools of his trade, the
financial statements, bonds and stock re-
ports, debentures and discounts as he was
with the skills of Babe Ruth, Walt John-
son, Casey Stengel, and Stan "The Man"
Musial. His love for the national pastime
gave the fullness to his life that few people
knew. His devotion and love for his wine,
Catherine, who died in 1964, and his love for
young people proved the full life which was
often screened by long hours at his desk in
the bank.
The lessons he taught as a young school-
teacher remained to teach him. Not expect-
ing perfection, he held, nevertheless, that all
should face life squarely, as he had, and
plan soundly for the future, He toaerated
those who failed to meet his standards and
encouraged those who made passing grades
in life's classes for he was firmly convinced
their marks were the keys to their own suc-
cess and happiness.
In his nearly 87 years, he had the satis-
faction of finding his principles to be sound
and basic, perhaps the most rewarding of all
the things that can come to a man.
Hopes for the Atom Smasher
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN A. RACE
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. RACE. Mr. Speaker, the Milwau-
kee Journal recently published a pro-
vocative editorial, "Hopes for the Atom
Smasher," which well depicts the hope::
of Wisconsin-and the Midwest-for this
new facility.
Under leave to extend my remarks,
I commend this editorial to my col-
leagues and request that it be printed in
the RECORD:
[From the Milwaukee (Wis.) Journal,
Mar. 23, 19661
HOPES FOR THE ATOM SMASHER
Midwest hopes were justifiably raised Tucs -
day when the National Academy of Science.,
recommended seven sites--four in the Mid-
west-for the proposed 200 billion electron
volt atom smasher. This $375 million tool
for high-energy physicists would be an eco-
nomic boon to whatever location is finally
chosen, but selection of a Midwest site would
be wise for other reasons, too.
Physicists from across the country would
use this facility. The biggest concentrations
of high-energy physicists now are at the Uni-
versity of California at Berkeley and a L.
Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton N.Y.
The Midwest would be a logical and con-
venient central location for the largest and
most complex nuclear research device in the
world.
The Wisconsin site recommended, near
Stoughton and a short way from the Uni-
versity of Wisconsin at Madison has been
strongly supported as scientifically and cul-
turally outstanding. The distinguished
scientists who recognized that in their rec-
ommendations apparently objected only to
Wisconsin's winters. This hardly seems it
drawback, however, since our winters have
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March 30, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
Early in the 16th century Byelorus-
sia became part of the Russian Empire
and remained as such until the Bolshevik
Revolution which overthrew the czarist
empire in 1917.
Among the non-Russian groups which
proclaimed their independence was the
Byelorussians and on March 25, 1918,
the Byelorussian National Republic was
established.
But before the Byelorussians, or White
Russians as they are also known, had
a chance to enjoy the benefits of their
victory the Red army overran the coun-
try and made it part of the Soviet Un-
ion. Byelorussia had been swallowed up
in less than 3 years.
So today let us continue our prayers
that the day may not be distant when
these long suffering people may once
again experience the blessings of free-
dom in their historic homeland.
Support of the Indian-American
Foundation
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. HOWARD W. ROBISON
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. ROBISON. Mr. Speaker, recently
several of my Republican colleagues and
I proposed a variety of suggestions as to
the new directions which we believe our
Nation's foreign aid programs must take
if they are to contribute in an effective
way to the changing world and the revo-
lution of rising expectations which so
characterizes the ferment of countries
which have gained their independence
in the .past two decades as well as those
which, like our neighbors in Latin Amer-
ica, have been independent for some time.
Social development and political edu-
cation and development were prominent
among the goals which we listed.
In some of these nations our country
has on reserve large sums of local cur-
rency, generated by sales of Public Law
480 food, which should be put to use in
achieving these goals.
There are also in every underdeveloped
country a sizable number of private citi-
zens who need financial aid to carry out
their progressive plans for economic and
social development. Their own govern-
ments are sometimes to interested in the
grander scheme of economic develop-
ment, too bogged down in administrative
detail, and too encumbered by rigid rules
and regulations to help them. In some
cases the ideas and principles that these
people wish to develop are to contro-
versial or too new to receive government
support.
Aid from foreign governments cannot
reach them due to the government-to-
government nature of foreign aid, or else
it carries with it the stigma of identifi-
cation with the specific policies and posi-
tion of the foreign country. Some aid is
provided by independent private foreign
foundations, but support from this source
is limited.
The people I am talking about are
the community leaders, the business
groups and the professional groups which
cannot afford indentification with the
government of a specific foreign power
such as the United States because of na-
tional sensitivity, but who share many of
the principles and views which have
made this country the richest in the
world.
The just announced independent In-
dian-American Foundation could be an
important source of support for these
people. It would not be identified with
a foreign government, and it would
maintain a perspective independent of
the Government of India. I might add
this independence from government sup-
port would represent a strength for
which the Soviet bloc and the Chinese
Communists have no counterpart in
their foreign aid programs.
The Foundation would concentrate its
support in education and agriculture.
Progress in these areas is absolutely es-
sential to economic development, and it
is in these areas that innovation and ex-
perimentation are critically needed.
However, it is in these areas that the
governments of underdeveloped coun-
tries most often find it politically dif-
ficult to bring change or even to support
change.
The professional educator resents gov-
ernment interference in his field, and the
farmer has always had more taken from
him by the government than he has re-
ceived from it-a situation which is not
limited to the underdeveloped countries.
The independent Foundation does not
suffer from this reputation, and it has
already proven its effectiveness in these
areas.
The Indian-American Foundation
could also perform another function that
the Government or Government-sup-
ported organizations are not able to per-
form because of their complex regula-
tions and political sensitivities. The
Foundation could quickly tap the tech-
nical resources of organizations such as
universities, labor unions, cooperatives,
and professional and business groups to
meet development bottlenecks.
There is no doubt that the Foundation
will have an impact, an influence, and
an importance to the economic develop-
ment of India far greater than the size
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN A. RACE
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. RACE. Mr. Speaker, President
Johnson has underlined the U.S. desire
for peace in Asia by signing a bill author-
izing this country's participation in the
Asian Development Bank.
This is the editorial opinion of the
Milwaukee Journal, which also hailed the
$12 million American contribution for a
Mekong River project in Laos.
A1817
"The river -system has great potential
for power, irrigation, and transportation.
Properly developed it could revolutionize
the area economy," the paper points out.
At this point, I request unanimous con-
sent that the editorial "Aid to Southeast
Asia" be inserted in the RECORD:
[From the Milwaukee Journal, Mar. 18, 19661
AID TO SOUTHEAST ASIA
President Johnson has underlined his
statement that the United States wants peace
in Asia, and is anxious to help Asian nations
in development, by signing a bill authorizing
this country's participation in the Asian De-
velopment Bank. At the same time he au-
thorized a $12 million American contribution
for a $24 million Mekong River project in
Laos.
The latter is part of the giant Mekong
River development plan. The $24 million
will finance the first actual construction, a
dam and power station In the Nam Ngum, a
Mekong tributary. It will furnish power for
parts of Laos and northern Thailand.
A survey of the Mekong River system has
been under way for several years. Even the
warring nations have participated. The river
system has great potential for power, irriga-
tion, and transportation. Properly developed
it could revolutionize the area economy.
The Asian Development Bank, to which 31
nations belong, can play an important role
to that end. What is needed now Is a time
of peace to take full advantage of the plans
for a better life for the people of the entire
area.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. CHARLES McC. MATHIAS, JR.
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. MATHIAS. Mr. Speaker, Mr.
Mark S. Watson of the Baltimore Sun was
one of the greatest gentlemen of jour-
nalism in this century. His colleagues,
freinds, and admirers around the world
were deeply saddened by his death last
Friday, for we will greatly miss his intel-
ligent and ironic perceptions, his sense of
humor, and his calm and accurate ob-
servations on world affairs.
Mr. Watson was a man of extraordi-
nary wisdom, outstanding ability, and
unflagging energies. His career in jour-
nalism spanned more than a half cen-
tury, during which his work won him
the highest accolades which can be
awarded to a reporter: the Pulitzer
Prize, which he received in 1945; a spe-
cial citation from the Department of
Defense in 1961; the Navy's Distin-
guished Public Service Award, given to
him in 1962; and finally the Presidential
Medal Of Freedom, awarded him in 1963.
Born in Plattsburg, N.Y., in 1887, Mr.
Watson graduated with honors from
Union College in 1908 and worked for
the Chicago Tribune until 1917. During
World War I he received his first ex-
posure to military reporting as a com-
missioned officer in charge of Stars and
Stripes, supervising a staff which in-
cluded Alexander Woollcott and Harold
Ross.
After the war, Mr. Watson joined the
Baltimore Sun, and served with the Sun
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A 1818 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- APPENDIX
in several editorial capacities for over
20 years. He then began a second career
on the battlelines during World War IT,
and his distinguished dispatches from
Washington and the field brought him
even greater renown. Ile was one of
the first journalists to enter Paris after
its liberation, and won many exclusive
interviews with European statesmen.
]'need not recount all his achievements
during the last two decades, for his
thoughtful and informed reporting on
complex military affairs is familiar to
us all. Intimately familiar with fast-
e.hanging military technology, Mr. Wat-
"on was able to advise lay readers ac-
curately and sensibly on military science
and weaponry. Among the great devel-
opments which he covered were the first
hydrogen bomb test, the launching of
the first nuclear-powered submarine,
and the development of ballistic missiles.
In sense as well as in seniority, Mr.
Watson completely merited the title of
"dean of the Pentagon press corps."
Mr. Speaker, because Mark Watson
never retired, there was no opportunity
i'or his colleagues and friends to pay full
tribute to this perfect reporter and
perfect gentlemen. I wish to offer my
;anall tribute now, and to extend my
heartfelt sympathies to Mr. Watson's
wife and two daughters.
Our understanding of the world in
which we lived was far greater because
Mark Watson taught us through his
work. NA
Washington: How To Make ITings`Worse
'T'han They Are
110
XTENSION OF REMARKS
UP
ZION. JONATHAN B. BINGHAM
01.1 NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN'rATIVI+]S
'I'unsday, March 29, 1966
Mr. BINGHAM. Mr. speaker, for
some observers the idea of mining the
harbor of Haiphong seems to be a tempt-
ing course of action. The danger in.-
herent in such a move are made abun-
dantly clear by Mr. James Reston of the
New York Times. I include herewith
his masterful article on the subject and
commend it to the attention of my co]-
leagues:
From the New York Times, Mar. 23, 19661
WASHINGTON: How To MAKE THINGS WORSE
1'rAN TIIEY ARE
?1,y :Tames Reston)
41'AS11INGTON. March 22.---The pressure
seems to be building up in the Senate for a
policy of bombing, mining, or blockading the
North Vietnamese harbor of Haiphong, and
one reason for the pressure is obviously the
forthcoming elections.
Not to close that harbor to the ships carry-
ing war materiel to North Vietnam and the
Vietcong, Senator RICHARD B. RUSSELr., of
cloorgia, said today, "flies in the face of
commonsense." He was supported by Sena-
tor STUART SYMINGTO.N, Democrat, of Mis-
souri, and Those Sco'rr, Republican, of Penn-
i; -lvania.
is going to be necerc ary to have a
change in policy in some direction in the
very near future, in my opinion," Senator
l.SOOSELL added, "or this war will assume po-
Iitical proportions that will absol utely force
it upon any man. who has to go before the
electorate of this country and seek public
office." He thereupon proposed .a blockade.
WAIT A MINUTE
Itlaybe we should look this one over a little
before we jump. The thing coo be done
easily enough. Legally, it Is a I ttle misty
since the United State,; is not normally at
war with North Vietnam, but Life lawyers
will find a way through that thicket. An
effective sea and air blockade or Haiphong,
however, raises more practical questions.
First, if a Soviet ship carrying, munitions
to North Vietnam is intercepted by an Amer-
lea.n destroyer approaching Haiphong and
refuses to turn around or be boarded, what
do we do? Blow her out of the water? The
consequences of that are likely r.,, be rather
awkward.
Siecond, a policy of :mining i tic harbor,
therefore, seems more likely to be more
practical and less ri::ky, though l, is too has
to be considered in something other than
domestic political terms.
No doubt it would have considerable effect
on free world shipping now carrying supplies
but not munitions to Haiphong. insurance
rates on ships heading that way ?;', )uld reach
almost prohibitive heights as soon as the
mining was announced. That would dis-
courage those who are making a profit out of
the war, end nobody would sob iuach about
them.
IHE SOVIET PROBLEM
^'he eri iical problem lies with the Soviet
Government, now approaching a major
ideological showdown with Cmnm Dist China
at the Communist Party' congress later this
month. Peking's charge again 1. Moscow
is that it is soft on capitalism, tianid in its
approach to the Vietnamese war. and more
interested In peaceful coexistence with the
Unit-ad States than in waging the Communist
revolution.
In these circumstances, the Si;ziet Union
is not so likely to turn back, as it did in the
U.S. block:.ad:, of Cuba during the missile
crisis of October 1962; but even if it decided
not to risk blowing up Its men and ships
in Haiphong, there would still be a problem.
For diverting Soviet seaborne :;hipping to
the air or the land would mean rerouting it
over or through Communist China and thus
placing the ;North Vietnamese Government
even more in the grip of Communist China,
which is precisely who-, the Juhuson ad-
ministration has always said it wanted to
avoid.
This, to use Senator RlrssELr 's phrase,
really "flies in the face of commonsense."
One objective of our policy surly is ndt
to force Moscow and Peking closer together
but 1:o keep them apart; not to is date Han-
oi with the Communist Chinese but to give
them. some freedom of action to work with
Moscow; not to increase Peking':; leverage
over North. Vietnam but to limit I' as much
as possible.
The aim of closing the port. Is clear
enough--to reduce our casualtio;;-but to
plunge into it, worrying about senr,orial cas-
ualties is wiot.her matter.
President Johnson, Secretary of Defense
McNamara, Secretary of State Rio k and the
Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of staff, Gen.
Earle G. Wheeler, are all dubious that the
advantages of closing Haiphong would be
greater than the disadvantages, th?t It would
really seriously hamper the flow -'f supplies
to the enemy, and that it would do any-
thing but bring about even mare trouble
in keeping the narrow channel o the Sai-
gon. River open for our own supplies. But
Senator RUSSELL differs on both military and
political grounds.
POLITICS AND POLICY
"I do not think we can afford to let this
war drift on and on as it is now" he told
the Senate yesterday. "Search and destroy
Mareb..3O, 19')
tactics may, after 10 or 12 years, bring Vie
Vietcong to their knees, but the Americr,n
people are going to be very ur:happe about. t,
and someone who comes along and says: 'I
will go in and clean this thinly up in 6
months,' will, I'm afraid, have some adv.e,r-
tage over the Senators who say 'let's pl ;y
this thing along for 10 or 12 years as we're
going, now.' "
Politicians who run for recloction, of
course, have to worry about such things, but
good politics is not necessarily good policy.
L1Y'l Peace-But Not at Any Price
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN
OF TENNESSEE
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENT r'a'rIvEs
Wednesday, March 30, 1966
Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, the
shadow of Vietnam has hung heavily
over every day of this session of the
Congress.
The problem of what to do has been
widely discussed and solutions have ru i
the gamut from abrupt withdrawal to
possible world war. Our concern deep-
ens each day, and we continue to see It
an honorable solution, bt never to sac-
rifice freedom.
On Monday, March 28, 1966, a provoc-
ative editorial appeared in the Knoxville
Journal on this most important issue,
and I would like to insert it at this point
in the RECORD for the benefit of my col-
leagues and the readers of the RECORD:
PEACE -BUT NOT AT ANY PRICE
A plastic surgeon returning from 2 month.;'
voluntary service in South Vietnam provides
a striking picture of the methods ernployeS
by the Vietcong, about whom a handful cf
U.S. Senators and some other leftwingers
are so concerned.
The returned surgeon describes the scene:
The parents of a small boy stand before
their hut in South Vietnam. The small boy
clings to his father's legs in fear. The gron. i
is surrounded by Vietcong terrorists who de-
mand food, perhaps, or information, or an
oath of allegience. The father demurs, he
is slow to yield to the demands of the Con_:.
Suddenly, the small boy is grabbed up by
one VC, his lower lip cut off and thrown Ili
the dust in front of the but. If either of
the parents protests, or perhaps evon if they
don't, they are shot down in cold blood.
This is the Vietcong. This is the "libera-
tion front" for which the FOLBRIGHTS and
the KENNEDY'S plead, demanding that the q
or their representatives sit in the high coun-
cils of nations which would negotiate peacs
in southeast Asia if there were anyone in
North Vietnam or Red China willing to sit
down at a council table.
Thus a majority of Americans has reason
to be righteously indignant when, as w..;
the case last Saturday, hundreds of thou-
sands of demonstrators in dozens of citiea
took to the streets, a few groups even carry-
ing the Vietcong flag.
This indignation is not an Intangible
thing, based solely upon emotion ca' convic-
tion that the right of dissent guaranteed by
our Constitution is being carried too far.
Rather, it is the recognition that those who
put on these noisy peace demonstrations are
costing and will cost the live;; of l,housand:;
of loyal American fighting men in the jungl^:;
and the rice paddies of South Vietnam.
The plain fact is that these demonstrators,
these mobs which have been encouraged by
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 March 30, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A1819
the likes of the Kennedy-9, the Fulbrights,
and the Morses, have created the conviction
in both Hanoi and Peking that if th they country
great
decline to halt aggression, our
will in the course of time reward their aggres-
sion because we are, if you don't stop to con-
sider who the demonstrators are, a divided
peWell, of course one should not damn the
whole bunch as being traitors. In.the ranks
of those who march our streets in the guise of
peace lovers there are some conscientious
individuals, but they take their places along-
side other characters whose interest in raising
disturbances grows out of other motives.
There are two groups which readily meet
the eye. One is made up of native Commu-
nists, Americans who are dedicated to the
service of a foreign power whether it be based
in Moscow or Peking. They demonstrate be-
cause of this loyalty, in the hope of breaking
the will of a great people to act for the preser-
vation of freedom.
A second group, including the beatniks and
the draft-card burners, comprises young
Americans who, we are ashamed to say, are
just plain damned cowards. They have
yellow bands running down their backs that
justifiably concern and arouse indignation in
the hearts of millions of American veterans
who have fought this Nation's wars in the
past. They are fearful that unless appease-
ment of the enemy can be achieved, they
might have to risk their own little lives and
give up the creature comforts, and yes, the
freedoms, which have been their heritage be-
cause brave men in the past have fought for,
and sometimes died, to preserve them. rice.
We are all for peace, but not at any price.
Few of us are for the kind of peace sought by
traitors to our country and by out and out
cowards. These hatched up demonstrations
make us sick.
Cigarette Smuggling Racket Cheats New
York State and New York City
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loss of other business resulting from
other purchases which the customer
makes when he comes to his shop. We
cannot rely on the bootlegger or the
smuggler to think about the small retail
merchant-we must speak out-act
promptly to protect his interests.
As if this is not enough damage, the
smuggler and bootlegger are involving
innocent merchants to dispose of the
cigarettes they illegally transport in in-
terstate commerce to evade city and
State taxes. I have been told but I do
not have confirmation that they are en-
listing our youth, in plying their illegal
trade in the sale of bootleg cigarettes,
thus contributing to and promoting juve-
nile delinquency and disrespect for law
and order,
The wholesale tobacco industry, the
chain store, and the department store
are also affected by the loss of sales of
cigarettes and other products as well.
These merchants are threatened with
substantial damage and loss of business.
In 1949, there was a wide practice of
advertising and offering for sale, tax-
free cigarettes by mail. This occurred
when there developed a wide difference
between the selling price of cigarettes
in one State and that of a neighboring
State. State and city taxing authorities,
retailers, wholesalers, and merchants
complained and the Congress passed the
Jenkins Act of 1949 which was later
amended-15 U.S.C. 375-379.
The Jenkins Act was passed to assist
States in collecting sales and use taxes
on cigarettes for shipment into a State
where a tax is imposed by requiring the
seller to file a report of the sale with the
taxing authorities of that State. When
the Jenkins Act was signed the practice
stopped. I am today introducing a bill
to amend the Jenkins Act to require that
any person or firm selling or transferring
in excess of 5,000 cigarettes to file a
report with the taxing authorities of the
State into which the cigarettes are being
transported. The purpose of the legis-
lation is to eliminate the bootlegging of
cigarettes and to protect the small busi-
nessman who suffers economic harm as
a result of the illegal transportation of
cigarettes in interstate commerce. Just
as the original Jenkins Act effectively
eliminated the mailing of cigarettes for
tax evasion, so do I believe this amend-
ment will effectively eliminate the prac-
tice of bootlegging of cigarettes in inter-
state commerce.
The expanded growth of cigarette sales
in the nontax cigarette States like North
Carolina and in low tax areas such as
the District of Columbia for ultimate
interstate transportation is producing a
new breed of bootleggers which is not
regulated by the present provisions of
the Jenkins Act.
The following article which appeared
in the New York Herald Tribune of
March 20, 1966, outlines the present loss
in revenue to States and municipalities
which impose sales and use taxes on
cigarettes:
SMUGGLERS CUT CIGARETTE TAXES SY MANY
MILLIONS
(By John,G. Rogers)
The motorist in the Brooklyn filling sta-
tion was paying for his 10 gallons of gasoline
when he asked the attendant in a low voice:
"Got any cigarettes today?"
The attendant sized up the motorist, de-
cided to risk it, and nodded his head affirma-
tively.
"I'll take two cartons," the motorist said.
"Cost you 6 bucks."
The motorist settled up and drove off. He
was pleased because, against the going retail
price of 43 cents a pack, he had saved 13
cents on each of the 20 packs in his purchase.
The attendant was pleased because he had
made a profit of 111/2 cents on each of the 20
packs.
The big losers in the deal were New York
City and New York State. Between them,.
they should have collected 16 cents a pack in
taxes-a total of $3.20-but they didn't col-
lect anything because the sale was a surrep-
titious one of cigarettes smuggled in the day
before from North Carolina.
ESTIMATE
In various settings and through various
characters, the sneak sale of smuggled ciga-
rettes in New York City has reached the point
where tobacco industry spokesmen estimate
the city-State tax loss at up to $51 million a
year.
Joseph H. Murphy, State commissioner of
taxation and finance, will say only that the
loss is "substantial." However, his current
estimate for the State's annual tax share is
at a rate that is $31 million less than in pre-
smuggling days.
An educated industry guess is that legiti-
mate cigarette sales in the city are off 22
percent. The industry believes legitill}ate
retailers throughout the State are losing up
to $138 million a year in cigarette business
and, perhaps, another $80 million in related
sales.
LUCRATIVE
It was inevitable that such a lucrative,
subrosa racket would attract organized
crime, including the Cosa Nostra. Law en-
forcement officials once accustomed to seek-
ing small independent smugglers, are now
beginning to see a pattern of large-scale,
well-planned smuggling, especially into
Brooklyn.
They know, though they didn't intercept
it, that recently a trailer truck came in with
9,600 cartons, bought for about $18,000 in
North Carolina, resaleable in New York for
up to $10,000 profit, depending on the method
of disposal.
Brooklyn District Attorney Aaron E. Koota
estimates that a daily average of $50,000
worth of illegal cigarettes enter the borough
by means ranging down to the small inde-
pendents who stuff a few cartons under the
back seats of private cars.
"The problem is serious and continually
getting worse"-that's the summary of City
Finance Director Roy M. Goodman.
"There are indications that such criminal
elements as the Mafia are cracking down on
independent bootleggers and have started to
organize pickup and dropoff points for il-
legal cigarettes," says Morris Weintraub,
managing director of the Wholesale Tobacco
Distributors Association of New York.
The costly woe bedeviling the city, State,
and cigarette industry traces back to April
1, 1965, when the State cigarette tax was
doubled to 10 cents a pack. The price of a
pack in this city of an estimated 3 million
smokers shot up to between 40 and 45 cents,
the highest in the Nation.
COUNTERFEITS
Almost immediately the smugglers began
to roll, some in private cars, some in rented
panel trucks and occasionally, some in king-
size trucks. Traffic built up between New
York and the two choicest supply points-
North Carolina at $1.85 a carton, Washing-
ton, D.C., at $2.07.
Those are retail prices. North Carolina
is favored for big operations because roadside
dealers have storehouses bulging with the
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HERBERT TENZER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 30, 1966
Mr. TENZER. Mr. Speaker, the grow-
ing practice of cigarette bootlegging is
depriving State and municipal taxing
authorities of millions of dollars in reve-
nue. With New York State and the city
of New York searching for new sources of
revenue to meet the increasing costs of
government operations and services, it is
high time they plugged up the loss in tax
revenues resulting from cigarette boot-
legging.
Recent disclosures indicate that New
York State and New York City may be
losing approximately $50 million annu-
ally in tax revenue due to the growing
practice of interstate cigarette smug-
gling. Other States and cities are also
affected and I am hopeful that my col-
leagues will immediately review the pic-
ture of cigarette tax revenues in their
own States and municipalities to deter-
mine the extent of loss of cigarette tax
revenue.
Mr. Speaker, of equal importance is the
effect of. this unlawful trade upon the
small businessman-the independent re-
tailer-the backbone of our free enter-
prise system. The retailer not only loses
the cigarette sales but also suffers the
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ----- APPENDIX Marcia 30, 1966
; cxx1F--ee"r'a which hold 60 cartons of 1.0
13!aaks each
With the cigaretes back in New York, small
independents sometimes make the ultimate
ea.les themselves, their volume not being large
enough to fit in a middleman. It's not hard
to sell a x1.85 carton in the city for $3.
forge-scale smugglers may sell to store-
keepers for perhaps, $2.75 a carton, The
storekeeper then. sells at the prevailing re-
tail price o1 *4.30 or so.
TRAFFIC
9?i the beginning, small storekeepers sim-
ply risked selling packs that bore no New
York tax stamps. Lately, many of the
aniu.ggled cigarettes bear counterfeit stamps.
So far the State department of taxation and
l i.n:jrice has identified 17 different varieties
of phony stamps.
The smugglers' outlets have varied
widely --barbers, gas station attendants,
lauu.dries, even housewives- In the first 8
months of the smuggling wave, 197 arrests
were made in the New York area and 112 con-
victions were obtained. Prosecutors corn-
plain though that light penalties---often a
w25 tine--are not rough enough to discourage
a bigtime smuggler.
'7.'he State has made 746 seizures of illegal
cigarettes, totaling 618,000 packs. The sale
of the seized cigarettes to dealers willing to
pa?y the required taxes brought in $325,445.
hut, as the war goes on between the smug-
glers and the law, the State knows that more
smugglers get through than are caught. One
tactic found the State sending spies to North
Carolina to watch for cars with New York
plates loading up at roadside stands. De-
scriptions nl' cars and plates were telephoned
ahead. Cooperative Maryland State Police
alone seized 450,000 packs in a recent period
from New York-bound cars.
Lately, however, the smugglers have been
switching cars somewhere on the north-
bound trip, throwing off the surveillance of
fiie law.
Mr. Speaker, the proposed amendment
,..,.,
f
'
to the Jenkins Ant ..rill hel
ou
o:L
p
`he -. This legislation will also help other During the 6 weeks the course of study
respective shales of the. taxes they are States and municipalities to collect their runs the gamut from theory (what, the na-
lulw losing of between $32 and $50 pill,, ture of poverty is and how one cages with
lion per annum. Perhaps this will also dust share of taxes levied on cigarettes.
it) to practicality (how to amiroach the Door
Wh
St
t
ere
a
e and local legislation is re-
stimulate the taxing authorities and the
inayor of the city of New York to look; quired to effectively implement the pro-
into all other areas of possible tax losses Posed amendment to the Jenkins Act, it
and take steps to plug up the tax leaks is expected that it, will be forthcoming
to help meet their budget--every little bit, to the end that smuggling and bootleg-
helps, gins; of cigarettes may be stopped.
One of the reasons I am concerned,
about the New York City tax situation.
is that the mayor of the city has pro- Training; for Voluunteers in Service
hosed an income tax which would apply
to resident and nonresident workers to America
alike. I represent the Fifth Congression-
al District, New York, no part of which is EXTf;NSION OF REMARKS
located in the geographic boundaries of of
the city. :However, a great segment of
llfy constituents are employed in the city
lsf New York. They are employed in fac-
him and that is with a subway ride for 15
cents which costs the city much more.
I favor an increase in subway fare to 25
cents rather than any form of tax upon
suburban residents. It is the fairest way
to collect needed revenues. Just stop
giving something away below cost. New
York City residents should want to stop
subsidizing each subway rider from out
of New York City by giving h inn a ride
which costs more than a quart:'r for only
15 cents.
By taking this step, the mayor of the
city of New York will be taking a step
in the night direction. The commuter
or nonresident income tax would be a
grave mistake. It will result in a loss' They are part of Volunteers in Service to
to the City of New York of a great many America, more commonly known by its in)-
service bllsirlesses and other small busi- tills, VISTA, and popularly described as the
Hess which could operate out of the sub- domestic Peace Corps.
urbs where their proprietors live. For 6 weeks they live in the old convent if
Fourteen Holy Martyrs Catholic Church .a
On Sunday, March 2 o', 1966, the New Pratt and Mount Streets and study across the
York Tinges reported that New York City street in the renovated Catholic school.
Investigations Commissioner, Arnold G. Their practical classroom, however, is Balti-
h'raimon stated that the city was losing more, parts of it that the average citizen
about $9 million a year and the State sees only occasionally and then forgets.
of New York about $22.5 million a year The trainee's day starts before 8 a.m., 3
as a, result of interstate shipments of days a week, and often is not completed until
cigarettes to avoid the tax, The New 9 or 10 p.m.
At the end of the 6 weeks, most of the
York State tax is 10 cents a pack and trainees are assigned to slum sections in
the New York City tax is 4 cents a pack. other American cities for the duration of
The legislation which I have intro- their year in the VISTA program. Only
duced today would help bring about an about 10 percent who start do not finish.
increase in New York State's revenues Once a class graduates, the training center
of approximately $22. i million and about staff takes 2 weeks to prepare for another
$9 million to the city. In view of the class of 50 to 60.
The local VISTA center is one of three
difficulty in estimating the loss of reve- centers in the country (the others are Hull
Hue, due to illegal operations resulting House in Chicago and Columbia University
from cigarette bootlegging, this figure in New York) training volunteers especially
may be considerably higher. By plug- for work in urban areas. Its program is con-
gin;g up such tax leaks and through an ducted by the University of Maryland':;
increased transit fare, if necessary, we School of Social Work under a contract with.
HION. CARLTON R. SICKLES
!orics, retail shops, service industries, IN T
wholesaling:. Inanufacturin':, brokerage,
,nrsurance, and banking as well as in all
OF MARYLAND
L, HOUSE OF REPRE5F,NTOTI:VES
S'ucsoay, March 2.9, 1966
professions. Mr. SICKLES. Nlr. Speaker, on IVlarch
1.1' one of Div constituents owns prop- 22, 1966, the Baltimore Sun published a
crty in New York City, he pays his real feature on the VISTA volunteer training
estate taxes. If he owns his business program located in Baltimore, Md.
and pays rent. he contributes to a por- Because this article illustrates the fine
Lion of the taxes paid by his landlord. job these volunteers are doing, I would
If he rides the taxicabs-if he eats in a like to bring the article to the a'tention
restaurant--if he goes to the theater-if of my colleagues:
lie makes a l ml-chase-whatever he does 1"AR-RF,A1"11'TNG PROJECT--TRAINIa ; FOR
in the city of New York, he helps pro- VOLUNTEERS IN SKINICE TO AMi RICA
uaote' its economy and he contributes to (B y Lowell E. Su:aderland) some of the detailed person-to-perscn work
the taxes collected b,T the city. that frequently is left undone overbur-
At approxim.l.tely 8-week intorv: is since doped agencies short on manpower er and long
121 Only one way does the city subsidize last April between 50 and 60 persons from all on requests for help.
walks of life and all parts of the country have
converged on the old convent and school of
a west Baltimore Catholic Church for a craeh
course in reality.
The people in these groups have ranged n
age from 18 to 74 and have come from sl.u h
diverse backgrounds as college griiduate and
college dropout, housewife and retired busi-
nessman, teacher and dentist. They have
been white and Negro, male and female,
young rebel in long hair and dungarees ar.d
experienced hands in tweedy sportcoats and
conservative ties.
They are people drawn together by an
idea--some say it Is even an ideal. 'They
are people taking the first step in what will
become a year of donating time and skills to
what to expect, and how much to accofn-
plish). Lecturers and seminar lenders are
brought in from numerous agencies and
schools.
Each trainee is assigned to work 3 days a
week with a social welfare, health, or educa-
tional agency serving the poor. At other
times the trainees visit agencies to observe
how they operate and to learn what service
are available through them.
Working with the agencies, they meet
many of them for the first time-- --?,; he poor
face to face. Some go into houses and apart-
ments that are incredibly dingy and dirty
(rabbit warren is a description frequently
heard), Others work in hospital wards with
the elderly or mentally disturbed. Sonic
work with children--tutoring in. schools,
coaching in gymnasiums and on play-
grounds, and sometimes just talking on
street corners near boarded-up stores and
alleys littered with broken glass.
AGENCIES AIDED
There are also observation assip, ii nice1,
made at places where the poor are Pound--
iii housing projects, in poolrooms, in store-
front churches, in pawnshops, at trash deal-
ers, and in corner bars. Certain ti nos t:.re
set aside for individual exploration during;
which the trainees are supposed to set out
on their own and learn the ways of Lie poor.
Essentially, the VISTA program is designed
to work through existing agencies, doin-
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March 30, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A1833
The centrally heated building was corn- this milestone in, a career of fruitful Perhaps the most encouraging lesson which
pleted in October at a cost of $36,700-and aristic achievemefit was duly marked in recent months has taught is that previous
estimates of the degree of manpower su-
immediately occupied by four widows who an article appearing in the Waterbury which a Regular Army had manpower
$65 a month each, including all utilities Republican of March 20, 1966. As I am over its guerrilla foe were wildly exaggerated.
except telephone. Each apartment has a certain that this item will be of interest Such superiority was perhaps needed in the
living room, kitchen with a new stove and days before highly mechanized warfare. But
refrigerator, and bath. Occupants bring their to my colleagues, I insert the article in America's stupendous airpower, firepower,
+hn R.FCffRSD D at at this point;
-1 ---
Admiring the natural wood cupboards and
sunny appearance of each apartment, a vis-
itor might miss some of the features that
make these places homes.
Take the little storeroom or pantry off each
kitchen: Curry says, "We really had to argue
with the home administration to get that."
He thought this space was necessary for
women who had done canning all their lives.
"It wouldn't be 'home' unless they could
continue to put up a few jars of fruit and
have a place to put them."
And they needed a spot for a big old
trunk and maybe a box of letters.sion of
There has been a steady, pr~
visitors to the Massena project, finished just
after another low-cost unit at Irwin. Simi-
lar projects are underway at Lake View,
Earlham, - Pilot Mound, Dows, and New
Virginia.
Gene L. Hoffman, State director of the
Farmers Home Administration, says this kind
of building is meant to "provide independent
housing for individuals who are able, and
desire, to care for themselves" and to allow
them "to live out their lives in dignity in
communities where they have spent their
working days and where their roots are
est
"
dee
.
p
Some of the considerations in building
these units are ones that all good retirement
homes strive to meet.
For example, homes should be attractive
inside and out because the elderly are con-
fined to their dwellings for longer periods
of time, says Hoffman. And although they
should be convenient, these "shouldn't over-
emphasize features that remind occupants
of their age."
T1,ea ed aren't so likely to be driving cars,
g
so their homes should be near such com- Mr. DUNCAN of Oregon. Mr. Speaker, to have a government of their own choosing.
munity facilities as the post office, churches,
doctors' offices, and stores. This has much the Christian Science Monitor notes in a If military successes speed this process-fine.
to do with how independent-and how "in- recent editorial there has been a solidify- But the main goals must never be forgotten.
dividual"-older people feel. ing of public support behind the Presi-
There ought to be something interesting
to observe. A big rope swing for neighbor-
hood children hangs on a tree in the fore-
ground of the Massena unit, and although
the building is far enough from the street
to avoid noises, it is on a main thoroughfare.
The people who plan retirement dwellings
don't want the residents to feel they're
"away.
Because they
"home is best."
Anna Hyatt Huntington
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
Belated congratulations are owed Anna
Hyatt Huntington, of Redding, to the west
of us here in Waterbury, on her 90th birth-
which was celebrated last Thursday.
d
ay,
The noted sculptor received all manner of
accolades on this occasion and well she
might as her renown in her field is world-
wide and deservedly so. Anyone who at-
tended the World's Fair-and there were
millions who did so-must remember her
"Abraham Lincoln: On the Prairie." In the
field of heroic statues Mrs. Huntington is
unsurpassed here in America.
Despite her age and the productivity of
her past, Mrs. Huntington carries on today
much as she has down through her fruitful
years. Age has never been a barrier to the
continuation of her work as a sculptor.
Even now she is working on an equestrian
statute of Gen. Israel Putnam which one
day will stand at the entrance of Putnam
Memorial State Park in Redding, where
Huntington lives and works. May her ge-
nius remain our heritage through her ra-
Support Noted
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT B. DUNCAN
OF OREGON
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 30, 1966
The newspaper feels that we should
not lose sight of the three main purposes
of American military action, and it
states: "The first is to bring an early and
decisive end to terrorism from within and
aggression from without. The second is
to bring all legitimately interested par-
ties to the negotiating table as quickly
as possible. The third is to enable the
South Vietnamese to have a government
of their own choosing."
The opinions as expressed in the edi-
torial to which I have referred will be of
general interest, and I, therefore, include
it in the RECORD.
[From the Christian Science Monitor,
Mar. 12, 1966]
SOME IMPROVEMENT
For some months President Johnson has
had to fight two Vietnamese wars-one in
South Vietnam itself, the other back in the
United States. Neither has gone as well as
he wished. But each has now taken a turn
for the better as judged from the White
House.
Although the actual fighting still stretches
ahead along a long, dark and hard road, none-
theless there are not a few indications that
the struggle in Vietnam is going better. For
many months the growing weight of the
American military presence has made itself
increasingly felt. And during the past few
weeks this has become even more evident in
a series of heavy Communist setbacks.
have radically changed the situation.
These have neither ended the guerrilla
threat nor yet brought that end in sight.
But they have increasingly meant that the
guerrillas are the hunted instead of the
hunters, that their problems of supply, of
rest areas, of maneuverability are growing
worse, and that there are now signs that the
present course of the war is beginning to tell
on enemy confidence.
In both Hanoi and Peking within the past
month there have been official Communist
Party statements which reflect either pes-
simism or concern over morale within the
party. These statements are unprecedented
and significant.
Meanwhile, back home there is evidence of
a solidifying of public support behind the
President's decision. The latest Louis Harris
poll said that the public supported a resump-
tion of the bombing of North Vietnam by
the overwhelming margin of more than 7
to 1 and found that opinion was harden-
success would resolve the war. Furthermore,
the American people would support block-
ading the port of Haiphong by 2 to 1.
Thus on both fronts the President might
well feel that spring has at last come to this
past winter of severe discontent. Yet none
of this should cause Washington to lose sight
of the three main purposes of American mili-
tary action. The first is to bring an early and
decisive end to terrorism from within and
aggression from without. The second is to
bring all legitimately interested parties to
the negotiating table as quickly as possible.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. CLARK-W. THOMPSON
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 30, 1966
Mr. THOMPSON of Texas. Mr.
Speaker, I have today introduced a bill
which will permit the free entry of man-
ganese ore and certain related products
from any available source.
Manganese is one of the basic raw ma-
terials in the production of steel. With
the demand for steel increasing each and
every day, particularly due to Vietnam,
the pressures on the supply of basic raw
material becomes greater and greater.
it is in our national interest to secure
manganese from any source available.
The Congress recognized the pressures
on raw material supplies in the 88th
Congress, when we enacted Public Law
88-338, which suspended the duty on
manganese imported into the United
States from free world countries. In
the House report accompanying the bill
which became Public Law 88-338, H.R.
HON. JOHN S. MONAGAN
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 30, 1966
Mr. MONAGAN. Mr. Speaker, as the
Representative of Connecticut's Fifth
Congressional District, which contains
more than its share of gifted, creative
people, I have often had the pleasure
and privilege of addressing this body to
pay tribute to these artists for their fine
works. One of these outstanding art-
ists, the noted sculptress, Anna Hyatt
Huntington, of Redding, Conn., has re-
cently celebrated her 90th birthday, and
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A1831 CONGRESSIONAI: RECORD -- APPENDIX March ''0, .7966
7480, our committee-the Committee on ):vents, prices of the commodities must
Ways and Means--stated: logically increase. This in turn will in-
Your committee also believes that enact- crease the cost of steel for our domestic
Went or H R. 7480 is desirable from the users and defense effort.
standpoint of. domestic producers of ferro- As you know, our steel industry has
manganese and other manganese alloys.
suspensi:,n of the existinlr duty on the basic been seeking every ecron coots, way to
raw materials will reduce costs to these
processors and should result in enhan ne production ti.Oln because 01 This is
ce- nece cesssary ary not only e of the e in-
tr:ent of the competitive position of domes- creasing competition from foreign steel
tically produced alloys in the market. in both domestic arid foreign tiarkets but
The report also pointed out that the to assist; in holding their prices within the
principal use of the ore and the ferro- gu'idelir,.es specified by the Pra silent.
aly was in the production of the le It is recognized that some nay object
'o consonance with the suspensteel. sion of to this action because: of their opposition
duty o mnancri wi Olt', the 89th Con- to trade with bloc countries. 'However,
our growing need for manganese from all
gloss enacted Public Law 89--204, which possible sources should far outweigh this
suspended the duty on nickel in various position. This is particularly true since
[arms in a further effort to help stabilize the demands for manganese will grow
the Production costs of steel. stronger as we feel the efir'-ets of the
'T'here remains only one other signifi- heavier appropriations for Vietnam. I
cant sources of manganese available to yield to no one when it comes to opposi-
th.e United States and that is ore from tion to any proposal which gives any
the Soviet-bloc countries and primarily advantage to the Soviet bloc.
from Russia, proper. The Russians are Hoowever, in this case it is obviously in
presently selling an estimated 600,000 our national interest to secure manganese
Irons per year to Western Europe
There
.
from Rii
ussa snce manganese i , absolute-
has been none imported into the United 1y neces airy-to us in our steel eroduction.
States for a great many years due to
This i thtf
se sor o trade with the Soviet
the prohibitive duty on manganese from bloc which no one can questio: redounds
the bloc countries. It is believed en- to our own benefit.
tirely appropriate that the duty on man- mh
irorn Russia is quite common u; One ex-
apendccl in the same manner as is the ample is Russian. chrome on which is
case of that entering other free world vital in the production of steel rind ferro-
countries, in order that sufficient quan- alloys and which enters our country free
titles of manganese be available to meet of duty. It appears entirely consistent
our own growing requirements and to that; manganese be given the some treat-
help hold down the costs of steel to U.S. ,,,,,r r r.. -_ _ _ _
Public, Law 88-338 referred to above niateaytr5t percent lofs the l totrlachrome
expires on June 30, 1967. It is believed consumed in the United States .and with-
What the most expeditious way of imn- out it our steel industry would be severely
t)1?c::ving the manganese situation is to handicapped. This is particularly true
amend the present law by expanding the at the present time since chrome; ore from
suspension of duty on manganese to cover Rhodesia, another large supplier, is not
ore from the bloc countries. Such an presently available due to the adverse po-
amendment means that the matter would litical co rsiderations which prevail to-
h ave to be considered in 1967 when the day. In addition to chrome, other basic
present legislation expires, but during materials such as platinum, palladium,
this time sufficient experience could be and potash are examples of materials
!!awned in endeavoring to buy from Russia which are acquired from Rus ia.
to govern our actions in 1967. If enacted, the
proposed the November 22, 1965, issue of the should lessen the pressure to increase
Engineering and Mining Journal "Metal steel prices due to the greater b r
and Mineral Markets" there was a special of a high cost item in the pr'oductionof
study on manganese. This was one of a steel. This in. turd will help keep down
series of such studies made on various the spiralling costs of the war in Viet-
materials b
th hi I
r
l
y
,
s s, r s
y relit=table publr?-
cation. Among other things it concluded
that with the current prosperous free
world economy pacing the demand for
Steel and ferroalloys, a manganese ore
,shortage is not an impossibility. They
:also stated that the political situations
in Africa, Brazil, and India reduces them.
its a dependable source of supply.
The moot recent published report
shows that over 127 million tons of man-
l;al,nose Was consumed in the United
:'ta.t s in 19634 as compared to 85 million
,;oils in 1958. This significant upward
trend has continued to date and we face
it more serious problem as we super-
imorae the growing requirements of the
Vietnam situation which are materially
inc?rca zing the demands for steel and
l erro:rlloys in various forms. The in-
creasing demands for manganese has
firmed up prices for manganese ores,
ferroalloys, and metals. As the demand
increases due to the Vietnam require-
narn and at the same time make Ameri-
can steel and ferroalloys more competi-
tive in the markets of the world..
This should not be confused with the
emotional, political question of trading
with the Soviet bloc. The only relevant
aspect involved is good hard l nerican
business.
Secrecy and Poverty
EXTENSION OF REMAR i S
HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
OF U LINOrs
IN THE HOUSE OF REPIZESENT". IIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
Mr. RUMSFELD, Mr. Speaf,er, the
Washington Post commented favorably
on March 26, 1966, regarding Sargent
Shrrver's directive instructing local anti-
poverty agencies to open their books for
public inspection. I want to join the
Post in applauding Mr. Shiner's act..on
on this point.
Now, if the administration could be
convinced to emulate M.:?. Shirver's ac-
tion by supporting instead of opposing
the public records bills, the Nation would
be much the better.
The comment from the Post follows:
SECRECY AND POVERTY
Sargent Shriver's publicity directive, in-
structing local antipoverty agencies to open
their books for public inspection, is a proper
acknowledgment of the right of citizens to
know about their own Government.
That right never should hate been in
doubt and it is to be hoped that the directive
will make it clear to officials that the admin-
istration wishes them to do what t hey shot Id
have been doing without instruction.
Quite rightly, the directive States that r1s-
closure must be made "to any person for
inspection and examination." Government,
in a democratic society, is the servant of the
people and if the people cannot discover what
their servants are doing with public author-
ity and public money they do not really
enjoy self-Government.
Evidence of Peace Corps Effectiveness
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ROY H. McVICKER
OF COLORADO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTAT'IV l:'
Wednesday, March 30, 1966
Mr. MCVICKER. Mr. Speaker
I re-
,
cently had the pleasure of seeing first-
hand some of the magnificent results of
Peace Corps work in Central America. I
was in Guatemala and Panama, meeting
with officials of the Organization of C'on.--
tral American States.
The United States is doing great
things south of the border, making prog-
ress in helping the Central American
nations help themselves. The Peace
Corps is playing a large role in this.
a
role that is winning praise and respect;
every day.
In reporting this reaction, to Mr. Jacli
H. Vaughn, I was pleased to be reminded
that the work of our Peace Corps is bene-
fiting the members of the Corps in terms
of giving them a valuable insight into
the way people in other lands look at the
world. Mr. Vaughn has passed on, to me
an inspiring letter from a Mist; Elaine
Mrachek which I wish to share with :my
colleagues. Miss Mrachek served in
Panama, and her words should be an :in-
spiration to all of us:
DEAr. MR. VAIICHN: I wish you the enjoy-
ment of learning and challenge along with
congratulations on your recent appuincment:
as Director of the Peace Corps. One day yon
stated to our training group at the U'.tiver;sit.y
of Arizona that the Peace Corps in Panama,
was of more value to the United States than
any other American program there. I wen
to Panama and served as a volunteer there
always believing this to be true and insfstci.:.
on living this ideal.
People always ask, "Why did you join the
Peace Corps?" I cannot reply verbally. I
only know that within my heart I believe my
decision to become a volunteer was the wisest
and most rewarding decision of all my 24
years. In knowledge and wisdom I grew, but
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March 30, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A1861
Congressman BALDWIN was opposed to
this project. While I failed in my ef-
forts to persuade the gentleman from
California [Mr. BALDWIN] to alter his
position, I came to know him and to re-
spect him for his convictions, sincerity,
friendliness, and candor.
In January of this year, I was hos-
pitalized because of a leg injury. Con-
gressman BALDWIN was also a patient at
the time and occupied a room across the
corridor from me. Here, under far dif-
ferent circumstances, we renewed our
acquaintance. During my stay at the
hospital, I came to know JOHN BALDWIN
more intimately and my respect for him
increased immeasurably.
He was suffering from an illness from
which I suspect he knew he would not
recover. In spite of this fatal prospect,
he continued his dedicated devotion to
his congressional duties.
He was friendly and thoughtful, and
his courage was an inspiration to me and
to all who knew him.
Fiftieth Anniversary of Miami Local 172
of the United Federation of Postal
Clerks
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DANTE B. FASCELL
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, March 29, 1966
brate the 50th anniversary of those early
meetings. Many of the dreams of those
who gathered secretly in 1916 have be-
come reality.
The.U.S. postal service is the finest in
the world. It has the highest tradition of
production and service to our citizens.
At the low rates charged, the U.S. mail
user get the best bargain in the world.
Furthermore, working conditions are the
best anywhere and, under the continuous
impetus of postal employees, are con-
stantly being improved.
The struggle for comparable wages still
continues despite the fact that the U.S.
postal worker is better paid than ever.
Finally, and perhaps most importantly,
postal employees by their perseverance,
courage, and farsightedness have
achieved by Executive order the right to
and the recognition of their organiza-
tional effort and representation.
Mr. Speaker, I wish to extend my
congratuations to the present members
of local No. 172 for their first 50 years
of achievement. Their activities and
those of their predeossors have always
been in the finest tradition of our
democracy.
I am certain that I reflect the senti-
ments of my colleagues when I say that
we are all glad that this Nation has had
benefit of the courage of men like those
Delicate Diplomatic Negotiations
The Government naturally tried to keep
the discussions secret. It might have been
more successful if it had not been for the
public attitude on the subject-which is,
at least in a highly articulate segment of
American opinion, that any talks with any-
one remotely or directly connected with
those fighting against us in Vietnam must
necessarily mean an attempt by the Com-
munists to end the war, and that any secrecy
cloaking such discussions is an effort by
Washington to block negotiations.
In plain fact, neither assumption is nec-
essarily correct and both together can con-
stitute a dangerous fallacy. It is in North
Vietnam and in Red China that the word
"negotiation" has evil connotations, not in
the United States. And it is this public
Communist denunciation of every attempt
to achieve a negotiated settlement that
makes secret discussions seem the only way
out-at least in the early stages. Since this
is so plainly the case, the U.S. Government
can hardly be blamed for trying to keep any
overtures secret (even when, unlike the pres-
ent instance, they do not directly involve a
human life). Moreover, if secrecy is essen-
tial to get peace talks started, it follows that
publicity is a distinct disservice to everyone.
Support of Our Armed Services
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. WAYNE L. HAYS
OF OHIO
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 30, 1966
Mr. HAYS. Mr. Speaker, under the
leave to extend my remarks in the REC-
ORD, I include the following letter from
Mr. William D. Mitchell, clerk of the
Council of the City of Martins Ferry,
Ohio. This forthright expression of sup-
port of the fighting men of our aimed
services and the slogan accompanying it
are most heartening and the council
should be commended for its action:
COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF MARTINS FERRY,
Martins Ferry, Ohio, March 5 1966.
Hon. WAYNE L. HAYS,
Congressman for Ohio,
Congressional Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR CONGRESSMAN HAYS: The council of
this city of Martins Ferry have made a mat-
ter of permanent record their unflinching
support of every fighting man of our armed
services.
They also have asked that I write to you
their request that you consider adoption of
this slogan, "for every man fighting to de-
fend America, let America fight to defend
that man."
Thank you.
Very sincerely,
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 30, 1966
Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, our Gov-
ernment is engaged at the moment in an
effort to obtain the release of an AID
official who was kidnaped by the Viet-
cong. In view of the necessarily deli-
cate negotiations taking place in this
situation it is very important that pub-
licity be at a minimum. It is also of ex-
treme importance that nothing be read
into these contacts that is not there.
The following editorial from the New
York Herald Tribune of March 29, 1966,
places this problem in perspective and I
commend it to the attention of our
colleagues :
THOSE CONTACTS AGAIN
The extreme sensitivity of the American
people to any hint of negotiation, or even
of contact, with any of the principals on
the other side in Vietnam has started a
new flurry. This time it concerns efforts be-
ing made by the United States to secure
the release of Gustave C. Hertz, kidnapped
by the Vietcong more than a year ago.
These efforts involved contacts with the
Vietcong. Presumably, they could have led
-assuming any willingness on the part of
the National Liberation Front-into broader
negotiations, and therefore they are of in-
terest to the public. But, on their face, they
were simply attempts to arrange some kind
of ransom procedure, and any publicity could
have unfavorable results-possibly even fatal
results, so far as Mr. Hertz is concerned.
Mr. FASCELL. Mr. Speaker, every
Member of Congress is aware of the valu-
able assistance which he receives in car-
rying out his legislative responsibilities
from the various postal groups through-
out the country. In the forefront of
these groups is the AFL-CIO's United
Federation of Postal Clerks.
Such is the stature of the United Fed-
eration and the readiness with which its
accomplishments in the area of Govern-
ment-employees relations are accepted
as integral parts of our postal and civil
service regulations, that it is difficult to
believe that a scant half century ago
such was not the case.
Half a century ago, when south Flori-
da was still considered the Everglades
and largely populated by alligators and
Indians, when there were more horses
than autos, and when the average pay
for a postal clerk was less than $20 per
week, the laborers of this country were
fighting for decent wages and working
conditions. Among those who did so
much to secure workers their rights were
Government employees and most no-
tably those of the postal service.
Fifty years ago a small part of the
struggle for better working conditions
began in Miami when a handful of postal
clerks first gathered together in a secret
then illegal meeting to organize their
efforts. Out of that meeting was born
what was to become the Miami Local,
No. 172, of the United Federation of
Postal Clerks.
Today close to a thousand members
of local No. 172 are preparing to cele-
WILLIAM D. MITCHELL,
Werk of Council.
RECORD OFFICE AT THE CAPITOL
An office for the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD,
with Mr. Raymond F. Noyes in charge, is lo-
cated in room H-112, House wing, where or-
ders will be received for subscriptions to the
RECORD at $1.50 per month or for single
copies at 1 cent for eight pages (minimum
charge of 3 cents). Also, orders from Mem-
bers of Congress to purchase reprints from
the RECORD should be processed through this
office.
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040002-2
 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040002-2
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
;_JitNATORS WITH RESIDENCES
i:N WASHINGTON
OFFICE ADDRESS: Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
(Streets northwest unless otherwise stated1
Vice President Hobert H. Humphrey
Aiken, George i)., Vt_______
Allott, Gordon. Cola_______
Anderson, Clinton P., 6 Wesley Circle
N, Mex.
'a.rtlett, P. L., Alaska______
Bass, Ross, Tenn _______-_
t;ay h, Birch E., led_______
iieuuett, Wallace F., Utah__
Bible, Alan, Nov----------
I :Dugs, J. Caleb, Del________
Brewster. Dnxilel B., Md---- 1327 33d St.
liitrdick, Quentin N.,
N. Dak.
Byrd, Harry F., Jr., Va_____
Byrd, Robert C., W. Va_____
Cannon, Howard W., Nev__
Carlson, Frank, Kans ------ Sheraton-Park
Case, C1ifTnrd P.. N.J_______
Church, Frank, Idaho_____
Clark, Joseph S., Pa_______
Cooper, John Sherman, Ky_
Cott:.on, Norris, N.il_______
Curtis, Carl V., Nebr_______
Dirksen, Everett M., III____
Dodd, Thomas ,J Conn
Dominick, Peter H., Colo___
Douglas, Paul H_, Ill_______
J'hstland, James 0., Miss ___5101 Macomb St.
lli:ender, Allen J., La ------
Arvin, Sam J., Jr., N.C
t='annin, Paul J., Ariz .......
Tong, Hiram L.. Hawaii____5519 Uppingham
St.. Chevy Chase,
Md.
Fulbright, J'. W., Ark______
Grue, Albert, Tenn ---------
Alaska Harris, fng, Fred it., ---__
l aHa.rt., Harris, Okllaa______
Ilari.Philip A., Mich______
H ke,ayden, Van Carl, Vance, Ariz lad________
__________
ifickenlooper, Bourke B., 5511 Cedar Park-
Iowa. way, Chevy Chase,
Md.
1111.l. Lister,
Holland, Spessard L., Fla-Sheraton-Park
Ilruska, Roman L., Nebr___
Tnouye, Daniel K., Hawaii__
Jackson, Henry M., Wash__
Javits, Jacob K., N.Y__.-___
J
Ribicoff, A'!Iraham A., Conn_
Robertson
A
Willis
Va
Committee on Interior and insular Affairs
,
.
.,
___
Russell, Donald S.,
Russell, Richard B., Ga__-_
Saltonstal]
Leverett
Mass
2320 T
a
P1
Messrs. Jackson (chairman), Anderson,
Bible, Church, Gruening, Moss, Burdick,
Hayden, McGovern, Nelson, Metcalf, Kuchcl,
,
,
-
r
cy
.
Scott, Hugh,
Allott, Jordan of Idaho, Simpson, and
Simpson, Milward L., Wyo_
Smathers, George A., Fla_
Fannin.
Committee on the Judiciary
cinit:h, Margaret Chase
Messrs. Eastland (chairman), McClellan,
(Mrs.), Maine.
Ervin, Dodd, Hart, Long of Missouri, Kennedy
Sparkman, John, A1a.______4928 Indian Lane
of Massachusetts, Bayh, Burdick, Tydings,
Stennis, John, Miss-.____.__
Smathers, Dirksen, Hruska, Fong, Scott, and
Symington, Stuart, M'o_.___
Javits.
Talmadge, Herman It., Ga
Committee on Labor and Public Welfare
Thurmond, Strom, S.C___
Messrs. Hill (chairman), McNamara
Morse
Tower, John G., Tex_______
,
,
Yarborough, Clark, Randolph
Williams of
Tydings, Joseph D., Md___
,
Now Jersey, Pell, Kpnnedy of Massachusetts
Williams, Harrison A., Jr.,
,
Nelson, Kennedy of New York, Javit,;
Prouty
N.J.
,
,
Dominick, Murphy, and Fannin
Williams, John J., Del__._.._
.
Yarborough, Ralph, Tex_.__
Committee on Post OJ]ice and Civil Service
Young, Milton R., N. Dak.._Quebec
Messrs. Monroney (chairman), Yarborough,
Young, Stephen M., Ohio.__
Randolph, McGee, Brewster, 1-Iartke, Bur-
dick, Russell of South Carolina
Carlson
OFFICERS OP THE SENATE
Secret
E
F
,
.
Fong, Boggs, and Simpson.
ary--
mery L.
razier.
Committee on Public Works
Sergeant at Arms-Robert Cl. Dunphy.
Chief Clerk-Darrell St. Claire.
Messrs. McNamara (chairman), Randolph,
Secretary for the Maority-Francis R. Valeo,
Young of Ohio, Muskie, Gruening,
Moss,
Secretary far the Minority-J. Mark Trice.
Jordan of North Carolina, Inouye,
Bayh.
Chaplain-Rev. Frederick Brown Harris
D.D.
Montoya, Harris, Tydings, Cooper,
Fong.
,
Boggs, Pearson, and Murphy.
STANDING COMMITTEES OF THE SENATE
Committee on Rules and Administration
Committee on Aeronautical and Space
Scr,ences
Messrs. Jordan of North Carolina (chair.
man), Hayden, Cannon, Pell, Clark, Byrd of
West Virginia, Curtis, Cooper, and Scott.
Messrs. Anderson (chairman), Russell of
Georgia, Magnuson, Symington, Stennis
,
Young of Ohio, Dodd, Cannon, Holland,
UNITED STATES SUPREME COURT
Mondale, Byrd of Virginia, Mr:;. Smith,
Mr. Chief Justice Warren, of California, Hotel
Messrs. Hickenlooper, Curtis, Jordan of
Sheraton-Park, Washington, D.C.
Idaho, and Aiken.
Mr. Justice Black, of Alabama, 619 S. Lee St.,
Committee on Agriculture and Forestry
Alexandria, Va.
Messrs. Ellender (chairman)
Holland
Mr. Justice Douglas, of Washington, 4852
,
,
Eastland, Talmadge, Jordan of elorth Caro-
Hutchins Pl.
lina, McGovern, Bass, Montoya
Mondale
Mr. Justice Clark, of Texas, 2101 Connecticut
,
,
Russell of South Carolina., Aiken, Young of
Ave.
North Dakcta, Cooper, Boggs, and Miller.
Mr. Justice Harlan, of New York, 1677 31st St.
Mr. Justice Brennan, of New Jersey
3037
Committee on Appropriations
,
Dumbarton Ave.
Messrs. Hayden (chairman), Russell of
Mr. Justice Stewart
of Ohio
5136 Palisade
Georgia, Ellender, Hill, McClellan, Robertson,
,
,
Lane.
Magnuson, Holland, Stennis, Pastore, Mon-
'
Mr. Justice White, of Colorado
2209 Hamp-
roney, Bible, Byrd of West
Virginia, McGee,
,
shire Rd., McLean, Va.
Mansfield, Bartlett, Proxmire, Yarborough,
Saltonstall. Young of Nort.h Dakota
Mundt
Mr. Justice Fortas, of Tennessee, 3210 R St.
,
,
Mrs. Smith. Messrs. Kuchel, Hruska. Allott,
OFFICERS OF THE SUPREME COURT
Cotton, and Case.
Clerk-John F. Davis, 4704 River Rd.
ordan, B. Everett, N.C____ Committee on Armed Services
Jordan, Len B., Idaho-.-___ Messrs. Russell of Georgia (cha.irman),
Kennedy, Edward M., Mass_ Stennis, Symington, Jackson, Ervin, Cannon,
Kennedy, Robert F., N.Y__ Byrd of West Virginia, Young of Ohio, Inouye,
Ku.chel, Thomas H., Calif__ McIntyre, Brewster, Byrd of Virginia., Salton-
I,arasche, Frank J., Ohio --- stall, Mrs. Smith, Messrs. Thurmond, Miller,
Long, Edward V., Mo------ and Tower.
Long, Russell B.. La_______ Committee on Banking and Currency
McCarthy, Eugene J., 5916 Bradley
Deputy Clerk-Edmund P. Cullinan, 4823
Reservoir ltd.
Deputy Clerk-Michael Rodak, 6311 Joslyn
Pl., Cheverly, Md.
Marshal-T. Perry Lippitt, 6004 Corbin Rd.
Reporter-Henry Putzel, Jr., 3703 33d St.
Librarian-H. C. Hallam, Jr., 113 Normandy
Dr., Silver Spring, Md.
Minn. Blvd., Bethesda, Messrs. Robertson (chairman), S;;rarkman, UNITED STATES JUDICIAL CIRCUITS
1VId. Douglas, Proxmire, Williams of New Jersey,
McClellan, John L., Ark ---- Muslcie, Long of Missouri, Mrs. Neuberger, JUSTICES ASSIGNED
McGee, Gale W, Wyo------ Messrs. McIntyre, Mondale, Bennett., Tower, TERRITORY EMBRACED
McGovern, George, S. Dak_ Thurmond, and Hickenlooper. District of Columbia judicial. circuit: Mr.
McIntyre, Thomas J., N.H_ Committee on Commerce Chief Justice Warren. District of Columbia.
McNamara, Pat, Mich ----- Messrs. Magnuson (chairman), Pastore, First judicial circuit: Mr. Justice Fortas.
Magnuson, Warren G., The Shoreham Monroney, Lausche, Bartlett, Hartke, Hart, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire,
Wash. Cannon, Brewster, Mrs. Neuberger. Messrs. Puerto Rico, Rhode Island.
Aan;Sreld, Mike, Mont_____ Bass, Long of Louisiana, Cotton, Morton, Second judicial circuit: Mr. Justice Harlan.
Metcalf, Lee. Mont -------- 453 First St. SE. Scott, Prouty, Pearson, and Dominick. Connecticut, New York, Vermont.
Miller, Jack It., Iowa ------ 5417 Kirkwood Committee on. the District of Colrcrnbia Third judicial circuit: Mr. Justice Brennan.
1Vlondale Dr., Bethesda, Md, Messrs. Bible McIntyre Delaware, New Jerse
, Walter F., Minn_ (chair;ma.n.), Morse, , y. Pennsylvania, Virgin
liTonroney, A. S. Mike, Kennedy of New York, Tydings, Pr[uty, and Islands.
rUcla. Dominick. Fourth judicial circuit: Mr. Chief Justice
Montoya, Joseph M., Committee on Finance Warren. Maryland, North Carolina. South
Al. Hex. Messrs. Long . of Louisiana Carolina, Virginia, West Virginia.
(Ch, diman) ,
Ivk rse, Wayne, Oreg -------- 2500 Virginia Ave. Smathers, Anderson, Douglas, Gore, Tal- Fifth judicial circrne, Mr. Justice Georgia,
Morton, Thruston B., Ky__ madge, McCarthy, Hartke, Fulbright. Ribi- Alabama, Canal Zone, Florida, Georgia,
?moss. Frank It., Utah______ toff, Metcalf, Williams of Delaware, Carlson, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas.
Mundt, Karl E., S. Dak.____122 Schotts Bennett, Curtis, Morton, and Dirksen. Sixth judicial circuit. Mr. Justice Stewart.
Court NE. Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio, Tennessee.
Murphy, George, e, Calif---- Committee on Foreign Relations Y. g Messrs. Fulbri h Seventh judicial circuit: Mr. Justice Clark.
1vIUSkie, Edmund S., Maine- g t (chairman) ShMrkman, Illinois, , Indiana, Wisconsin.
Nelson, Gaylord., Wis______ Mansfield, Morse, Gore, Lausche, Church, Eighth judicial circuit: Mr. Justice White.
N:ntberger, Alaurine 13., Symington, Dodd, Clark, Pell, M. Carthy, Arkansas, Iowa. Minnesota, Missouri, Ne-
Orcg. McGee, Hickenlooper, Aiken, Carlson, Wil- braska, North Dakota. South Dakota.
Pastore, John 0, liams of Delaware, Mundt, and Case. Ninth judicial circuit: Mr. Justice Douglas.
Pearson, James B., Kan.s___ Committee on Government Operations Alaska, Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana,
Pell, Claiborne, 11.1._..__.____3425 Prospect St. Messrs. McClellan (chairman), Jackson, Nevada, Oregon, Washington, Guam, Hawaii.
Prouty, Winston L., Vt.____ Ervin., Gruening, Muskie, Ribicoff, Harris, Tenth, judicial circuit: Mr. Justice White.
Proxmire, William, Wis-__- Kennedy of New York, Metcalf, Montoya, Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma,
Run.dolph, Jennings, W. Va_4608Reservoir Rd. Mundt Curtis &jgs
S
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