STEADY COURSE IN VIETNAM

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CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2
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March 16, 1966
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Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 March 16, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE Educators sometimes lose sight of the body in their enthusiasm to develop the mind. A brilliant mind in a dead body isn't worth In order to insure healthy minds and bodies to all Americans, I urge you to physical education, and recreation. STEADY COURSE IN VIETNAM (Mr. ADAMS (at the request of Mr. MATSUNAGA) was granted permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous mat- ter.) Mr. ADAMS. Mr. Speaker, the news- papers are frequently filled with doubts and questions about what this country is accomplishing in Vietnam. Because the President very properly refuses to stir up false optimism, there are many who mistakenly believe that we are mak- ing no progress at all. This morning's Herald Tribune carried a Washington column by Mr. Roscoe Drummond, one of America's most dis- tinguished journalists, which should be read by all those who are concerned with Asia. In a few succinct paragraphs, Mr. Drummond makes it clear that the firm stand we have taken in Vietnam has had repercussions throughout Asia dur- ing the past 12 months-all of them ad- vantageous to the free world: LAOS, CAMBODIA CITED: U.S. CAUSE ON OTHER FRONTS ADVANCED BY VIET SHOWING (By Roscoe Drummond) WASHINGTON.-One thing the American people do not want about Vietnam is false optimism. We know the road ahead will be anxious and painful. But since it became clear that the United States is prepared to stay the course in Viet- nam, there have been heartening divdends. What has happened during the past year following the strong stand-and success- ful battles-by the United States and South Vietnam? The evidence is showing up in many na- tions in Asia and the far Pacific. When you add them up, they begin to show how signifi- cantly events have begun to move during the very period the once imminent Vietcong vic- tory has been moving further away from their reach. The record tells its own story: Laos: Twelve months ago the Latoian Com- munists were a mounting peril to the Gov- ernment. Today they are badly splintered. Cambodia: Twelve months ago it seemed that Prince Sihanouk was trying to win merit points with the Communists as a hedge against the future. Today he is warn- ing his own people that, if North Vietnam prevails, they can expect no mercy from their own communist Party. Philippines: Twelve months ago the Phil- ippines were racked with riots in pro- test against even the small support the Government was giving to Saigon. Now the Government is preparing to send troops. Korea: Twelve months ago Korea had con- 'tributed only token forces to the defense of South Vietnam. Now it is at the point of bringing the total of its combat troops there to 44,000-more, in proportion to its population of 28,500,000, than the United States Itself. Peiping-Moscow: 12 months ago the Amer- ican and foreign critics of U.S. policy in Viet- nam' were in unanimous chorus declaring that one consequence of the U.S. decision to defend South Vietnam was bound to happen: it would end the Sino-Soviet feud and drive Moscow and Peiping back into each other's arms. It did just the opposite. Japan: 12 months ago Japan was moving toward a new modus vivendi with Red China and was the center of harsh criticism of U.S. policy. Today the Japanese Government is helping to focus world pressure on Hanoi to accept peace talks. Indonesia: 12 months ago the unpredict- able Sukarno held total sway; he was sur- rounded by pro-Communist associates and buttressed by the third largest Communist Party in the world. Indonesian policy was pro-Red China and anti-Western. Today Indonesian policy is anti-Red China and less anti-Western. The Indonesian Communist Party is no more. Sukarno has either lost most of his power to the anti- Communist leaders of the army-or all of it. And on top of these events, not a single dissident South Vietnamese political leader who left Saigon for involuntary exile in pro- test against past regimes has given his sup- port to the Vietcong. I am not suggesting that the overturn in Indonesia or that all of the other events stem directly from the strong U.S. stand in Viet- nam. That is honestly arguable. What I believe is not arguable is that the evident will of the United States to stay the course in Vietnam made these heartening dividends more attainable. SUGAR INDUSTRY IN HAWAII, SHOWS FURTHER GAINS (Mr. MATSUNAGA was granted per- mission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include ex- traneous matter.) Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, one of the solid foundations on which Ha- waii's economy rests is its durable sugar industry. It is therefore with pride and satisfaction that I call the attention of Congress to the state of robust health of our island State's major industry. In the year 1965 Hawaii registered an alltime record in per-acre sugar produc- tion. Exceeding the 1964 figure by al- most half a ton, the 1965 sugar produc- tion was a record 11.11 tons per acre. This record tonnage exceeds the previous record of 10.84 tons per acre which was set in 1955. One sugar company on the island of Kauai recorded the highest fig- ure ever registered by any plantation with 14.99 tons per acre. Although comparable 1965 figures for the other domestic areas are not yet available, a cursory comparison with the official 1964 figures of the U.S. Depart- ment of Agriculture puts Hawaii well ahead of any other domestic sugar pro- during area. Louisiana produced 1.76 tons per acre; Florida, 2.61 tons; Puerto Rico, 3.26 tons; and the beet area, 2.38 tons. Since Hawaii's crop takes 2 years to mature, while the others mature in 1 year, the Hawaiian figure should be cut in half for fair comparison. Even then, Hawaii still leads in per-acre sugar pro- duction. Hawaii's producers deserve na- tional recognition. MSGR. ANTHONY DiLUCA (Mr. RODINO (at the request of Mr. MATSUNAGA) was granted permission to extend his remarks at this point in the RECORD and to include extraneous matter.) Mr. RODINO. Mr. Speaker, last 5793 week back in my district a joyous triple anniversary was observed, as the beloved pastor of the Holy Family par- ish of Nutley, Msgr. Anthony DiLuca, celebrated the 60th year of his ordina- tion as a priest, the 33d year of his serv- ice to the communities of Belleville- Nutley and his 85th birthday. Like so many of all faiths of northern New Jersey, I have been privileged to know the monsignor for many, many years. And though his principal work has been devoted to our Lord and the people of his parish, his wise counsel on all matters has so often been sought by men of all creeds. As the editor and publisher of the Nutley Sun, Frank Orechio, stated in an editorial in the current edition of his fine paper, the communities the monsignor "has served so well express their gratitude to one of God's greatest servants." There is little I can add to Mr. Orechio's editorial accolade. Only the prayer that we may continue to be blessed with Monsignor DiLuca's pres- ence among us for many years to come. The editorial follows: MSGR. ANTHONY DILUCA The high calling of the priesthood is re- served for very few persons in this world. No greater privilege or blessing can God bestow upon mortal man. The person thus chosen must possess unique attributes. He can be no ordinary man. Personal sacrifice is the order of the day for a priest. Sixty years ago, there came to the priest- hood in Italy a young man aged 25 whose eager face and hopeful eyes reflected the in- domitable spirit of a later-day Christopher Columbus. Anthony DiLuca, the boy, became Father Anthony DiLuca, never realizing that his deeds on earth were to exceed his child- hood's fondest dreams. A more humble man never walked this earth or wore the priest's collar. His love of God and church is equaled only by his dedication to the people he serves. In time the fantastic accomplishments of Father DiLuca, who took over a poor and insignificant "Italian" parish in 1933, came to the attention of the Vatican. And to the gentle man who developed the "Miracle of Brookline Avenue" came the high honor of elevation to monsignor. In the 33 years that we of the Nutley- Belleville area have enjoyed the special privi- lege of Monsignor DiLuca's friendship, in- spiring leadership, and companionship, his holy family church complex has become one of the most outstanding parishes in the American branch of the Roman Catholic Church. As Monsignor DiLuca relaxes to meditate upon his fruitful 85 years this Saturday, the communities he has served so well express their gratitude to one of God's greatest serv- ants. Nutley and Belleville are better com- munities-because men like Monsignor Di- Luca have walked among us. HUNGARIAN FREEDOM DAY The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under previous order of the House, the gentle- man from New. York [Mr. ROONEY] is recognized for 15 minutes. Mr. ROONEY of New York. Mr. Speaker, March 16 is a date held dear by all our friends of Hungarian birth or descent. This day marks the 117th an- niversary of Hungary's overthrow of the Hapsburg rule in 1849. Approved For Release 2005/06/29: CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 5794 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : C1A-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD- HOUSE March 16, 1966 This anniversary has significance to all of us whether of Hungarian descent or not, because it reminds us of one of the great 19th century struggles for the type of freedom which America had long enjoyed and cherished. It is important to us because of the almost superhuman fight which a small band of liberty-lov- Ing, Hungarian patriots waged against the powerful Hapsburg forces. We read with deep emotion the story of Hungary's dramatic emergence as an independent nation after long cen- turies of rule by the Turks and Austrians. We are thrilled with the exploits of the young leader of the revolution, Louis Kossuth, who had dedicated his life to bringing independence to his country. It is with sadness and regret that we are reminded that the coveted independ- ence so loudly acclaimed by the world and so joyfully accepted by the Hun- garian people was to be of such short duration. For it was only a matter of a few short months before the Hapsburgs with the strong help of Russian troops defeated the defenders of the infant Republic. When this tragic blow struck, Kossuth and the other leaders of the new Govern- ment were forced to flee. In spite of their efforts while in exile, they could not summon sufficient strength to re- establish the Republic. Mr. Speaker, the Hungarian people have been suffering a more recent trag- edy as grave as that which faced them in 1849. Almost a hundred years later the same powerful Russians who helped them lose their republic, imposed a new form of subjugation and enslavement as they became a part of the area behind the curtain of iron lowered by the Russian Communist leadership. It was these same Russians who moved in with tanks and superior forces of men and guns to quell the short revolt of 1956. This day commemorating the Inde- pendence of Hungary should remind us that the mothers and fathers, the broth- ers and sisters, the friends and relatives alike of thousands of our loyal American citizens still suffer the privations and loss of dignity resulting from Soviet domina- tion and Communist control. This important date should remind us, too, of the debt we owe our American citizens who are so proud of their Hun- garian blood and heritage. Their gifts of art, of music, and of drama are only a part of the magnificent contribution they have made to America. Because of these gifts, Americans must not cease in continuing every effort to bring to the people of Hungary a full realization of our love and admiration, and an assurance of our determination to do all In our power to restore the bless- ings of freedom to them. TRIBUTE TO HON. JOHN W. McCORMACK Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the remarks of the gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. ALBERT] concerning the Honorable JOHN W. MCCORMACK, made in the Com- mittee of the Whole, may be printed in the RECORD immediately following the reading of the Journal. The SPEAKER pro tempore. With- out objection, it is so ordered. There was no objection. BYPASSING THE FEDERAL ADVIS- ORY COUNCIL ON EMPLOYMENT SECURITY: A STUDY IN OBTAIN- ING, CONSENSUS (Mr. CURTIS asked and was given permission to extend his remarks else- where in the body of the RECORD and to revise and extend his remarks.) Mr. CURTIS. Mr. Speaker, during the Lengthy Ways and Means Commit- tee hearings on the administration's bill to amend' the unemployment compen- sation program (H.R. 8282) in August 1965, the Labor Secretary's misuse of proper procedures for administering the employment security program be- came evident. Under cross-examination it was made clear that the Labor Secre- tary had not consulted the organiza- tion-the Federal Advisory Council on Employment Security-established by the 1933 Wagner-Peyser Act, and sub- sequent departmental reorganization in making his Department's radical changes in the unemployment security program embodied in H.R. 8282. The Federal Advisory Council was established to insure that those who are affected by the unemployment compensation laws- labor, business, and the public at large- were also consulted both in administer- ing and improving the laws. Thus the Council was established to make certain that the laws met the needs of the peo- ple' they affect. The Federal Advisory Council has been prevented from per- forming this necessary and valuable function. The full Advisory Council has met only once since October 1963. This last meeting was held on January 5-6, 1966. At this meeting H.R. 8282 was discussed, but there was no formal reso- lution or action of any kind. The Wagner-Peyser Act of 1933-sec- tion 11(a)-provides for the establish- ment of a Federal Advisory Council on Employment Security, and for State ad- visory councils. The function and or- ganization of the Federal Advisory Coun- cil is not spelled cut in the Wagner-Pey- ser Act, nor do the hearings on the Wagner-Peyser Act and the reports of the Senate and House committees express the intent of Congress in providing for the Council. But Reorganization Plan No. 2 of 1949 clearly assigns to the Fed- eral Advisory Council on Employment Security the responsibility of advising on the coordination and administration of the employment security program. A clear precedent for the function and organization of the Federal Advisory Council is provided by the Labor Depart- ment's published guidelines for State ad- visory councils. These Labor Depart- ment guidelines specify both the function and organization of State advisory coun- cils: Function:. (a) The Federal guidelines provide that, in general, the functions of the Advisory Coun- cil should be to advise the administrative agency in formulating policies, in getting public understanding of the employment se- curity program, and in insuring impartiality, neutrality, and freedom from political influ- ence in the establishment and implementa- tion of employment security policies. (b) Among the specific functions of the State advisory councils is the requirement that they advise the State employment secu- rity agency in developing or revising policies in connection with the administration of the State unemployment insurance laws; also, to assist the State agency in developing a legis- lative program for improving the State un- employment compensation law to encour- age acceptance by the State government of such a program and to cooperate with the State agency in promoting greater under- standing and acceptance of the program by the public. Organization : (a) The Federal guidelines state that members of State advisory councils should be appointed for 2 years and that one-half of the council should be appointed each year. (b) The guidelines state that the advisory councils should have regular meeting dates and should meet at least twice a year. The Department of Labor's Bureau of Employment Security has begun non- compliance proceedings in specific in- stances where the composition of the State councils was felt to be improper. In other cases, where advisory councils were assumed to be not properly used by the States, informal pressures have been applied to secure compliance. The Labor Department guidelines for State employment security advisory councils are a sound basis for evaluat- ing the Labor Department's conduct of its official Federal Advisory Council. The Labor Department's use of its own Advisory Council is deficient in the fol- lowing respects when measured against the Labor Department's requirements of the States: First. The full Federal Advisory Coun- cil has not met between October 24, 1963, and January 5, 1966. Its Committee on Employment Service met last on May 11, 1964. This means that the Council had no part in preparing H.R. 8282. Second. As of. the Ways and Means hearings on H.R. 8282 in August 1965, 12 seats on the Federal Advisory Council were vacant out of a total of 26. When the terms of five business, four labor, and three public members ended last June 1965, new members were not ap- pointed. Since August 1965 one business representative has been appointed to the Council. Third. And most important, the Fed- eral Advisory Council was not consulted in the formulation of H.R. 8282. The meeting in January 1966 was held after the fact, and no recommendations were made to the Labor Department. Mem- bers of the Federal Advisory Council have stated that they were never asked to consider H.R. 8282. The last point should be explored. When asked at the Ways and Means hearings why H.R. 8282 contained a pro- vision for a new advisory committee when the existing one had not been used, Sec- retary Wirtz answered: I have found it, working with that com- mittee, almost impossible to get away from the expression of straight institutional points of view. Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 Approved For Release 2005/06/29: CIA-RDP,67B00446R000400040011-2 March 16, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX The reporter stumbled over a rusty wash- tub on the porch and trudged back across the field. PEOPLE WON'T TALK ABOUT POVERTY There are no built-in service organiza- tions in rural areas as there are in the cities for poverty fighters to work through. The people themselves resist organization. The poor might attend a meeting in their Detroit or Chicago neighborhoods. But try to get them together to talk about poverty in a valley in Appalachia. One of the rural community action pro- grams is In Grayson in northeast Kentucky. It serves the six counties of Carter, Elliott, Greenup, Lewis, Morgan, and Rowan. Mor- gan and Elliott are among the 82 counties listed by President Johnson as the poorest in the country. In the 6-county area there are 93,364 persons. Of these, 10,668 are poor according to the standards of the poverty war. In Elliott 64 percent are poor and in Morgan the figure Is 67. The houses, many of them never more than shacks, have gone to seed. Most of the families have lived there for generations. Some of the farms were once fair-size units, providing a good life in days when the small farmer could make a decent living on a few crops. But the farms have been split up from generation to generation, with descendants of the original owners each year getting smaller and smaller pieces. The antipoverty project in the area was funded for $198,000. The director, Lee Taylor who has an independent Income from a number of Kentucky oil wells, is paid an annual salary of $12,000. HOW TO COOK SURPLUS FOOD One of the programs is to teach recipients of surplus food how to make it palatable. Another involves busing poor youths who have demonstrated ability to a nearby junior college. There are 19 in the program. As in the urban community action pro- grams, there are paid doorbell ringers who go out to enlist the poor In self-selp pro- grams, most of which are not really set up, and try to get them interested in doing things for themselves. The rural poor are suspicious of such goings-on. And, in some cases, so Is Taylor. He dis- covered that nearly 20 of about 30 so-called subprofessional aid jobs in one county went to Democratic precinct workers. The pay is about $300 a month and the Idea is to in- volve the poor themselves. Taylor says most of the politically ap- pointed aids helve been fired. But there are similar stories in other anti-poverty pro- grams where politicians find handy machin- ery for patronage. It is far more the exception than the rule, however. GOOD 'EXAMPLE HARDLY WORKS Washington officials describe the Grayson operation as a "good example" of how a rural program works. Actually, at least so far, it is scarcely working at all. And, according to Taylor, not a single rep- resentative of the Office of Economic Oppor- tunity, which runs the war an poverty, has been there to have a look. "Hell," he said, "most of those people up in Washington haven't any idea of what rural area looks like outside of a golf course." And he complains that the whole war is "urban oriented." What does Taylor think about the possi- bility of success in the rural programs? "I have grave doubts," he said. One program popular in Kentucky and other rural areas has earned the nickname of "Happy Pappies." Technically they are called Work Experi- ence and' Training Programs and they pro- vide direct payments in poverty funds to un- employed fathers up to $250 a month. SOME 23,483 BECOME HAPPY PAPPIES To be eligible, a man must be out of work for 90 days, willing and registered to work, not eligible for unemployment compensation and have at least one child. This year there are 59 approved projects for 23,483 persons at a cost of $44 million. Taylor uses Happy Pappies in his program. "Let's say I want some Happy Papples for a few days," he says. I call Judge Roy Brown In Elliott County and the Happy Pappies appear for work." Why does Taylor telephone the county judge, really an exalted justice of the peace in the Kentucky system? "That's just the way you do it," says Tay- lor. The judges, elected officials, have the job of certifying people as poor in Kentucky. So apparently they are used because they know who the poor are. And, in the county sys- tem, the judge Is an important political fig- ure, who, among other things, runs the county highway department. What do the Happy Pappies do? In one case, Taylor said they fixed up a room in a dilapidated house as a demonstra- tion project to show "what a few dollars worth of paint can do." What do the people in the area think, in- cluding the Happy Pappies? "It's all political and the politicians run it." RACE HOLDS UP PROGRAM SOME In many areas the South is shortchanging itself, especially in connection with rural programs, by failing to set up antipoverty. Race is often a big factor, since involving the poor Is tantamount to involving Negroes. One of the most hopeful programs in the Deep South is just getting underway in Mis- sissippi. It is called STAR (systematic training and redevelopment program) and is a child of the Catholic Church. It is a statewide program aimed at jobs, job train- ing, and adult education. With headquarters in Jackson, the board has achieved outstand- ing racial balance. In Mississippi, 48 percent of all the citizens over 25 have only an eighth-grade education or less. Four percent have never been to school. And 160,000 have less than a fourth- grade education. Negroes, it is turning out, are more eager to participate in the education programs than whites. And herein lies a major prob- lem. The illiterate and semiliterate whites are reluctant to go to classes with Negroes. "But It is improving all the time" says Father Lawrences Watts, who the Natchez- Jackson diocese has assigned to the project full time, There are other antipoverty programs for the rural areas-like loans to poor farmers to buy simple things like mules and machin- ery with which to form cooperatives. But, in the end, the problems of the rural areas-with poverty often concealed by land- scape and pride-might be the hardest to solve. There may not be a solution. Few, however, are able to look at the chil- dren who are growing up dirty and neglected in an increasingly complicated and urban society and deny that some kind of effort should be made. The Northern Bombing EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER OF CALIFORNIA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, I am sure the readers of the RECORD will be A1491 extremely interested in Joseph Alsop's latest column on the Vietnam situation in which he discusses recommendations made by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. His article "The Northern Bombing," pub- lished in the Washington Post of March 16, follows: THE NORTHERN BOMBING (By Joseph Alsop) The cat is out of the bag. The Joint Chiefs of Staff have been publicly revealed as pressing the President to intensify the bomb- ing of North Vietnam still further, and especially to permit the destruction of the vital North Vietnamese oil fuel stores. As usual in Lyndon Johnson's Washington, the whole problem of the northern bombing has been muddled and obscured as much as possible. So it may be as well to remove some of the muddle before analyzing the Joint Chiefs' recommendation. To begin with, when the peace offensive and bombing pause came to an end, there was a report that the permitted bombing area in the north was much more limited, by the President's order, than it had been before the pause began. The report was of- ficially denied. But it was also used as a lever for a spate of other reports that the President's post-pause policy was to "limit the war," which were not denied. The realities behind all this were quite dif- ferent from the public appearance. First, the military planners in both Washington and Saigon believed that the highest priority Immediately postpause, should be given to bombing the bridges and other useful targets on the lines of communication directly feed- ing the Ho Chi Minh trail. These are in the most southerly provinces of North Vietnam. And in this manner, the initial bombing area was in fact temporarily restricted. Second, however, far from "limiting" our effort against the north, the President has already authorized a major intensification. The approved sortie rate-the number of mis- sions flown against northern targets-was tripled after the pause ended. Weather per- mitting, therefore, we are now dropping three times as many bombs on northern targets as we did prepause. This earlier decision to triple the weight of bombing points, of course, toward just the kind of further intensification that the Joint Chiefs are now pressing on the President. Two things stand in the way. One is the fact that the biggest fuel depot in North Vietnam Is in the outskirts of Haiphong, and the second biggest is in the outskirts of Hanoi. The other is a hand- tailored intelligence analysis concluding that the truck movement over the Ho Chi Minh trail would not be seriously hampered, even if all the fuel depots in North Vietnam were completely destroyed. The analysis in question rouses the un- avoidable suspicion that its preparation was somehow linked to the President's invariable hankering to conserve what he calls his "op- tions"-In this case the option of not bomb- ing in the Hanoi and Haiphong areas. At any rate, those who reached the conclusion sum- marized above must clearly have been taking lessons from Alice in Wonderland's chum, the White Queen, who proudly boasted that she had often managed to "believe six impossible things before breakfast." .Notwithstanding the analysis, it is clear that the President will eventually discover he has no option whatever, except to follow the recommendation of the Joint Chiefs. The facts leave him none, and it Is a bit shocking that the facts have not been faced and the key decision has not yet been taken. Briefly, the revised intelligence estimates that caused such a panic in Washington and produced the vaudeville peace offensive, pre- dict a buildup of enemy regular units in South Vietnam to a level equivalent to no less than 18 divisions. The estimates also predict a rise in deliveries over the Ho Chi Approved For Release 2005/b6129 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 A1492 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX Minh trail to a level well above 6,000 tons a month, The latter is the key figure in the esti- mates, for without tonnage coming in to sus- tain them, the addition of new enemy regu- lar forces in the south would actually be counterproductive. Given the character of the Ho Chi Minh trail, the character of the terrain it traverses, and the distances that have to be covered, a huge truck movement, involving 2,000 or 3,000 vehicles, will be needed to lay down 6,000 tons monthly in South Vietnam. Ammunition to be used against our troops will be the most important commodity car- ried by those trucks. How then can the President refrain from doing everything in his power to halt or at least to greatly dimin- Ish the truck movement? For the need is most emphatically not for area bombing of Hanoi and Haiphong. The need is for pinpoint bombing to destroy the fuel depots in the outskirts of these cities and elsewhere in North Vietnam. It is a purely military need. The President constantly proclaims his worry about "pressure from the hawks." He ought instead to welcome a public de- mand to get on with the war by doing what needs doing. And in this case, he will surely have to do what needs doing in the end. The War on Poverty: Boon or - Boondoggle-N9, 8 EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. LUCIEN N. NEDZI OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. NEDZI. Mr. Speaker, under leave to extend my remarks, the eighth article of a series on poverty written by Wash- ington reporter of the Detroit News, Tom Joyce, follows: . [From the Detroit News, Mar. 7, 19661 AMERICA'S CULTURALLY DEPRIVED-TROOPS IN POVERTY WAR SAVE A LOST GENERATION (By Toni Joyce) WASHINGTON, March 7.-Poverty leaves its deepest scars on little children. If there was ever any doubt about this, it was dispelled last summer when hundreds of thousands of preschool youngsters between 4 and 5 from poverty's streets embarked on a new and exciting experience. It was Project Headstart, an experiment that has won much praise and very little criticism. The idea was to give culturally deprived children from poor homes--the youngsters who begin school under a frightful handi-' cap-a better chance by providing preschool experience. The program, which is now becoming a major part of the war against poverty, did much more than this. It provided a deep- and often disturbing-insight into the chil- dren who come from the slums, the ghettoes and the country shacks of America. SHOCKING NEGLECT It has been known for years that these chil- dren, the 4-, 5-, and 6-year-olds, start school with anything but an equal chance for success. The extent of the cultural neglect was shocking, even to educators who long had known of its existence. In thousands of cases, medical neglect was even more dis- turbing. A child who had never spoken a word, pre- sumed to be mentally deficient, did not talk because he could not hear. And he did not hear because of massive deposits of wax In his ears. He had never been taken to a doc- tor, despite the suspicion of mental abnorm- ality. In Tampa, Fla., nearly 10 percent of the children enrolled in a Headstart program had eye defects,. About 50 percent suffered nutritional deficiencies. In Jacksonville, Fla., 52 percent were anemic. In Detroit, examinations disclosed that out of 6,000 children, 80 percent required dental care. THE DROPOUTS It is among the children of the poor, who start school behind their classmates and keep getting farther behind, that there are so many school dropouts. They are the children, like the millions of young men and women of today, who will be the out-of-school, out-of-work youngsters of tomorrow. The Job Corps is finding out a lot about them. And much of the failure is being traced back to the handicap with which they began school, in. first grade and kinder- garten. It is not so surprising when you look at some of the things discovered in Head Start. A little girl in Georgia arrived at the class- room with only 20 words in her vocabulary. Simple symbols-at least simple in middle- class terms-had no meaning to her. The minds of most American youngsters respond almost immediately to allusions from Mother Goose. But the little girl in Atlanta had never heard a nursery rhyme. Maybe nobody had bothered to tell her. Maybe nobody in her little circle knew one to tell. A HANDICAP Other children in her class affectionately hugged picture books, the kind that are un- der beds and stacked in closets of most homes, But they had never had one before. It is much like the experiences learned in Prince Edward County, Va., where the public schools were closed for 5 years to avoid segre- gation, Children from sharecropper families there could not understand even the simplest picture books. A 9-year-old boy who had never been to class until the Federal Government forced Prince Edward to reopen public schools, looked at pictures in a book and stared blankly. One of the pictures was of a pair of galoshes. The word was written under- neath. But he had never seen a pair of galoshes so neither the picture nor the word had any meaning. The case of the little girl in Atlanta was not an isolated one. Dr. Curtis Henson, co- ordinator of Atlanta's Metropolitan School Council, discovered many cases where chil- dren entering the program had vocabularies limited to 20 and 30 words. How do they communicate? By making sounds and point- ing to objects. In frustration; they hit and kick. Beyond this, in Atlanta, Chicago, Los Angeles and almost everywhere where there was a Headstart program, it was discovered that many of the children did not know how to live in a world in which adults partici- pated. LEFT ALONE A lot of them simply had been left alone, among other children, to make their own way. This reporter stopped inside dozens of such homes across the country., The scene repeats Itself. A hopelss mother is surrounded by 4, 5, 6, or even 10 children in a crowded tenement. She is present, but not in spirit. The children have no toys or books or games. They do not learn to sing songs. When they are hungry, they eat, if there is any food. When they are tired, they go to bed, if there are enough beds. They have no direction and their world is a negative one in which the word "no" March 16, 1966 Is the one most often heard. No one ever says, "Johnny, would you like to hear the story of the 'Three Bears'?" PRAISE PROGRAM It is usually, "Johnny, shut up," or "Johnny, don't do that." These children are not prepared for a world in which adults really take a part in their lives, and where they are asked to participate in decisionmaking processes. In one Headstart class the children were asked: "Do you want to have your picture taken?" "No," they shouted in a loud chorus. But when they were told they were going to have their pictures taken, they screamed with delight. School officials everywhere are singing the praises of Headstart. And last fall, when the first children of the experiment headed Into first grade, public school teachers reported that they "Just couldn't believe the difference." The poor children, based on experience with similar groups over a number of years, were said to be as much as 90 days ahead. And a lot of them were ready to begin school with something closer to an equal oppor- tunity. The summer program was a crash one. And the emphasis was on considerable indi- vidual attention. For the 561,000 children, there were 41,000 teachers, averaging out to 1 teacher for every 14 youngsters. In addition, there were paid teacher aids and many volunteers, including teenagers, who helped with the serving of meals and the setting up of classrooms. Many of these were themselves poor. In communities all over the Nation per- manent Headstart programs have either be- gun or are now being planned. REACH PARENTS Among other things, the programs are turning up new ways to reach parents, many of whom distrust the schools as symbols of their own past failures. Now mothers are assisting In class and fathers are helping to prepare buildings and classrooms. Many educators see Headstart as a pos- sible way of getting adults involved in edu- cational programs to improve their lives and their potentials. Despite its achievements and Its praise, Headstart was not spared its share of con- troversy in a war that rings with dispute and challenge. in some cases the South was a problem spot because of the traditional re- sistance to segregated school programs. There was trouble in Mississippi. Senator JOHN STENNIS charged that Headstart funds were used to rescue civil rights demonstrators from jail. Nevertheless, the Office of Eco- nomic Opportunity only a few days ago ap- proved a new $5.6 million grant to Mississippi for a 6-month program for 9,135 children. Last month a group from the State brought preschool children to Washington to protest delays in granting the funds. FUNDS DELAYED In some other southern areas funds were withheld, causing loud protestations, because Washington officials did not think local lead- ers really tried hard enough to solve segrega- tion problems. And, as in most large-scale program where large amounts of Federal money is involved, there were abuses. Under the original plan, up to 25 percent of the preschool children in programs could be from outside the ranks of the poor. The idea was to give culturally deprived children a chance to have associations with youngsters from better families. Experts and school of- ficials generally believe this was an excellent idea. But because of pressure, in many cases re- sulting from abuses, the figure has been re- duced to 10 percent. Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 March 16, 1966' CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- APPENDIX Fifth. Training and guidance of guerrillas to invade America. Sixth. Creation of a committee to assist and aid the Vietp . The very same Viet- cong whom some sympathizers in the United States wish, to, include in the Vietnam} Gov ernnent-a proposal which Vice President HUMPHREY has likgngd to. putting a fox in the chicken coop. OAS GIVESWL"AIf`"$ROTEST The importance of these resolutions is confirmed in statements made by the dele- gates from different countries, among them Pedro Medina of Venezuela, who urged co- ordination of guerrila movements to achieve .broader support. The Vietnamese repre- sentative expressed himself in these terms: "One Yankee killed in Vietnam is one Yankee less that our Venezuelan brothers will have to kill in Venezuela." The Chilean Communist Party president stated harmon- ized activity to be the only way to attain power. The OAS has limited itself to an academic protest against the Tricontinental Confer- ence which is a flagrant violation of the principles and purposes of the U.N. Charter and a General Assembly declaration voted by 109 membei States. CHALLENGES NOW MET It is time to admit openly that the Havana tricontinental meeting accords are a formal declaration of war, a subversive war; like those being gverywhere financed by the So- viet Union and Red China, Castro's regime has recognized the Viet- cong and Puerto Rico as free countries. .Narciso Babel Martinez, a Communist Puerto RTdzn leader, has been appointed ambassador to Cuba although Puerto Rico is politically tied to the United States. This is another challenge that has not been contested. At the time of the missile, crisis in 1962, President Kennedy committed himself with Prime Minister Khrushchev not to invade Cuba, and not to allow Cuba to be invaded. This agreement has made Cuba a Commu- nist sanctuary. It permits Castro to operate freely, secure in the knowledge that it is not possible to develop a Cuban counter- revolution in the United States which would liberate Cuba from communism and free .Latin America and the United States_ from its threat. In contrast, Washington, D.C., has denied us free Cubans establishment of a Cuban government-in-exile, or any other official status, which would lend moral support to our efforts to rescue our fatherland. LOOMING THREAT Even if we disregard inter-American treaties, a nonintervention policy at this times is not fair or intelligent if it leaves the Latin American peoples at the mercy of Com- munist infiltration. If Castro and the Communists stay in Cuba exporting their revolution, the downfall of other governments and nations of Latin America will be only a matter of time. Thousands of Latin Americans are being trained every year in Havana, Moscow, Pei- ping, and Prague in the techniques of sabo- tage, terrorism, and revolution. , The potential chaos cannot be suppressed indefinitely by the armed forces of Latin American countries, nor can their economies afford it. The cost to the United States of the Vietnam guerrilla war is more than the combined budgets of all Latin American countries. It is ilnpo sible for me to understand the present 'Ci.S. position on a Communist Cuba tinder Fidel Castro, If the. Vnitesl State s felt justified in throwing its weight against the .Batista regime, it now would seem to be a matter of simple self-preservation to elimi- nate this cancer.that. is. spreading through- out the hemisphere-not to mention Amer- loan comll11t1}1! l tS ll a er the inter-Aingrtcan juridical system and the Monroe Doctrine. COMMITMENTS TO LATIN AMERICA If the bombing of North Vietnam by Amer- ican planes has not provoked a war with Red China or the Soviet Union, it is extremely unlikely any military action against Cuba would bring about such as conflict. The longer we delay elimination of Castro and his comrades, the greater the damage they can do. If the United States is now carrying out in Vietnam the commitments it assumed under the treaty signed to defend southeast Asia, is it not equally bound to take similar action regarding Cuba-by the Treaty of Rio de Janeiro, the Declaration of Caracas, the Dec- laration of the American Foreign Ministers' meeting held in Washington in 1964, and the Monroe Doctrine? We may be taking the first steps toward a more constructive policy with relation to Communist Cuba: I refer to the Sep- tember 20, 1965, resolution voted 312 to 52 in the U.S. Congress, which endorses the unilateral use of force by the United States, or any other Western Hemisphere country, to prevent a Communist takeover anywhere in this hemisphere. The nations of Latin America want to aline themselves solidly against their com- mon enemy, communism-but they look to the United States for leadership. Resolu- tions of this sort-while perhaps not very important inside the United States-are ex- tremely important internationally. If the United States vacillates in the face of the intensified subversion which will re- sult from the Tricontinental Conference, Latin America will vacillate too-and the subversion will bear its bitter fruit in blood- shed and toppled governments. If the United States stands firm-so will Latin America stand firm-and the plans of the Tricontinental Conference will be thwarted. ANSWERS TO WRITTEN QUESTIONS FROM FLOOR Question. (J. C. Russell.) Cuban refugees wish to return to Cuba, or remain in the United States? Answer. Hope to get back- have to think of those left behind. Question. (R. T. Durbrow.) Cuban Electric Co. assets all lost to Castro? Answer. Yes. Question. (John Brickley.) Was Castro a Communist before gaining power, or was his coming into power a result of nonrecogni- tion of him by the United States? Answer. Castro was Communist before,, and ample proof exists; 1948 Communists planned riots in Bogota, Colombia, thousands killed, $30 million damage. Castro was active there. .He was caught in a radio station inciting people to riot. He was jailed and saved by Cuban ambassador to United States; 1955- Castro jailed again, but released in general amnesty. Went to Mexico to train guerrillas, Raul, Castro's brother, was trained in Mos- cow. Castro created a secret state police and declared he's a Marxist-Leninist. Question. (C. J. Gray.) Missiles now being installed? Answer. No proof. Have only information from U-2 planes which don't show up what is on ground. Soviets sending tons of concrete into areas where no Cuban is allowed. At a gate the Cuban truck drivers turn over their trucks to Russians who drive off, return with empty trucks, turn them back to the Cubans. Question. (Dr. Ed Williams.) Cuba's fu- ture relations with Soviet Union and Red China? . Answer. At Tricontinental Conference both Soviet Union and Red China repre- sented-both agree on course of action. Question. (C. M. Avery.) Would Batista have supported democratic elections with U.S. support? Answer. Main reason why people hated Batista-no political freedom. Also tremen- dous graft in government circles. Tremen- dous propaganda built up for Castro in VuitecL..States., None of the . III matton furnished the U.S. State, Department as to A.1505 Castro's Communist ties ever reached either Secretary of State or the President. Such information never got above the fourth floor of State Department. Question. (R. Cathcart.) Castro sending agents to United States among refugees? Answer. Of course. Offer no harm to se- curity of United States. He may have a group give a show-for propaganda pur- poses-asserting they want to go back to Communist Cuba. Question. Best course of action against Communist Cuba? Answer. First, a completely enforced em- bargo. All nations should respect that em- bargo. (Remember, the United States backs a Rhodesian embargo.) Second, help the Cubans-give support. Third, coordinate ef- forts hemisphere. Only United can ~/YI/ provide needed hemispheric leadership. President's Vietnam Policy Supported by Representative Bob Casey EXTENSION OF REMARKS O HON. ELIGIO DE LA GARZA OF TEXAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, much has been said and written about the President's policy in handling the crisis in Vietnam and southeast Asia. This is one of the most difficult problems in for- eign policy our Nation has faced, and some of us believe the handful of critics have been given undue attention by the press. Many of my colleagues have repeatedly expressed full support of our President's policy, but rarely does it get more than local attention. Because I feel the Amer- ican people, and in particular my col- leagues in Congress, should know that most of us have great confidence in our President, and stand with him on the difficult decisions he has had to make, it is my pleasure to bring to your attention the report of a speech made by my friend and colleague, Representative BOB CASEY, before the Houston Optimist Club. The report is from the Southwestern Argus of March 3, 1966: BOB CASEY STANDS WITH L.B.J. Congressman BOB CASEY, who visited Viet- nam in November, said in Houston Thursday that President Johnson's war policy has his full support. CASEY was sharply critical of recent at- tacks in Washington on our policy in Viet- nam. Speaking before the Houston Optimist Club in the Rice Hotel, CASEY called the war "one of the dirtiest wars and also one of the most vital we have ever fought." "I hays often differed with the President, but I am in full accord with his Vietnam policy," CASEY said. "The criticism in Washington adds fuel to the fires of criticism at. home-the talk of withdrawal appeals to the mother whose son is about to go to Vietnam and to those who would have us withdraw into a shell." CASEY said he had recently received a let- ter from a constituent, a woman, "who wanted to .know what we are doing over there, why we don't pull out and why does the President refuse to sit down at the con- ference table." Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 A1506 .Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-APPENDIX March 16, 1966 "She and others like her are ignoring the President's every effort to mediate the the war, including the cessation of bombing, the. many emissaries he has sent all over the world and his repeated Invitations to the Vietcong to meet us at the conference table," the Congressman said. "This lady is willing to take the word of three men who, against the laws of this country, visited Hanoi and came back as mouthpieces for the Communists. She is willing to take their word against that of the President of the United States. "Let's consider what would happen if we did pull out. "The coalition Government in South Viet- nam would fall almost immediately; the Vietcong would take over and reap revenge on every man who opposed them. 'You Would see the worst blood bath in modern history. "Our presence in other Asian nations. Under unanimous consent, it is my pleasure to insert Mim Schneider's let- ter in the RECORD: To the EDITOR OF THE NEWS: Would you like to know what I feel about these misfits who protest the draft? Prob- ably not, but I'll tell you anyway. These oddballs who think themselves very self- righteous are a bunch of lily-livered cow- ards. Anyone with brain one knows that Vietnam has gone beyond the talking stage. I wonder if these dimwits realize that real live men-our neighbors and relatives- are out there spilling their precious blood to save their no good, stinking hides. They should be the ones to go over. Most of them aren't fit, however, for military service. The Army wants men, not pip-squeaks who don't have the nerve to fight for their country. We really ought to deport them but that would be unfair battle tactics. I'd hate to see even a Communist having to put up with their atrocious behavior. It would take more than a psychiatrist to Pure the Commies If the numskulls got to them. MISS SHERRIE LYNN SCHNEIDER. SPRINGFIELD, OHIO. P.S.-I am 15, attending North High. Please excuse my writing, but I am so mad I can't see straight. (An editor's note following Miss Schneider's letter read-Please excuse us, too. But it appears your vision is pretty good.) "Other countries, not as advanced as our- selves, gain encouragement to take on a more democratic government. "We. may not live to see it, but in time our sadriflces will bear fruit" Congressman CASEY said that he Is sure that President Johnson is sensitive to the loss of American lives in the war, "more th4n.arty of us, I imagine, because he has to make the decision to send our boys over there." "It would be easy for the President to dodge this grave responsibility and leave the problem for the next President," CASEY said. "But with leadership comes responsibil- ity I don't envy the President." Patriotism Rewarded EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. CLARENCE J. or OHIO BROWN, JR. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16,1966 Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, 'the Grimes-Kohl Post No. 1031 of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of Springfield, Ohio, sponsored a Vietnam Veterans' Day as a show of support for the esti- mated TO men from the Clark County area who are fighting in Vietnam. The events included a parade through down- town Springfield In the afternoon, fol- lowed, by a dinner honoring the fighting men and their families. During the course 'of the observance Miss Sherrie Lynn Schneider, a sopho- more at Springfield's North High School, was rewarded for patriotism as a result of a letter she wrote to the editor of the Springfield Daily News expressing her feelings about anti-Vietnam and draft protestors. Miss Schneider was desig- nated by the VFW Post as "Miss Patriot- ism of Clark County" and was honored with a special presentation in recogni- tion of this. In addition, she received a $25 U.S. Government savings bond from the Local No. 402 of the UAW-CIO. This local is made up of 4,000 employees of the Springfield Works of the Interna- tional ITarvester Co. Such patriotism as expressed in Miss Schneider's letter certainly deserves re- ward, and the reward accorded it by the union and Grimes-Kohl Post certainly deserves recognition. Senate Committee Opens Hearings on Bank Holding Company Act EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. CHARLES E. BENNETT or .FLORIDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. BENNETT. Mr. Speaker, the Sen- ate Committee on Banking and Cur- rency's' Subcommittee on Financial In- stitutions today began hearings on legislation which would remove the ex- emptions to the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956. I congratulate the Senate committee and its distinguished chairman, Senator A. WILLIS ROBERTSON, of Virginia, who is also chairman of the full committee, for the work they are beginning on the bills before the committee, including H.R. 7371, which passed the House in the 1st session of the 89th Congress. The bill, H.R. 7371, is a good bill and it is supported by the Federal Reserve Board, which has been trying to close the loopholes and exemptions in the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 for the last decade. I am hopeful for positive and speedy action by the Senate on this im- portant legislation. I include in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD copies of my tes- timony before the committee and also the testimony of the Honorable William McChesney Martin, Jr., Chairman of the Board of Governors of the Federal Re- serve System. The statements follow: TESTIMONY OF CONGRESSMAN CHARLES E. BENNETT, OF FLORIDA, BEFORE THE SENATE COMMITTEE ON BANKING AND CURRENCY, M,4RCH 16, 1966 Mr. Chairman, I deeply appreciate the op- portunity to appear before this committee in support of H.R. 7371 as it passed the House or of as much of it as you feel can. be made law in this session of Congress. In 1933 banks were prohibited by statute from also doing nonbanking business, the purpose of the statute being to eliminate conflicts of interest and the evils of monop- oly. In 1956 bank holding companies were similarly prohibited; but many exemptions were allowed in the new statute. The Fed- eral Reserve Board has recommended ending all of these exemptions and that is what the House bill before you does. It does nothing more. The report on H.R. 6227, 84th Congress, which became the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956, outlines the reasons for requir- ing bank holding companies to divest them- selves of nonbanking businesses, and I would like to quote from that report: "The reasons underlying the divestment requirement are simple. As a general rule, banks are prohibited from engaging in any other type of enterprise than banking itself. This is because of the danger to the depos- itors which might result where the bank finds Itself, in effect, both the borrower and the lender. It is for this reason, among others, that statutes limiting the invest- ments of banks have been passed by both the Congress and State legislatures. "The bank holding company is under no such restriction. It may acquire and oper- ate as many nonbanking businesses as it has funds and the disposition to acquire. There are in the country today, as has been pointed out previously, bank holding companies which, in addition to their investments in the stocks of banks, also control the opera- tion of such nonbanking businesses as insur- ' ante, manufacture, real estate, mining, and a number of others. "Whenever a holding company thus con- trols both banks and nonbanking businesses, it is apparent that the holding company's nonbanking businesses may thereby occupy a preferred position over that of their com- petitors in obtaining bank credit. It is also apparent that in critical times the holding company which operates nonbanking busi- nesses may be subjected to strong temptation to cause the banks which it controls to make loans to its nonbanking affiliates even though such loans may not, at that time, be en- tirely justified in the light of current bank- ing standards. In either situation the pub- lic interest becomes directly involved. In the course of the Senate hearings, Fed- eral Reserve Board Chairman William McC. Martin, Jr., testified that: "Existing provisions of law, originally en- acted in the Banking Act of 1933, have proved entirely inadequate to deal with the special problems created by bank holding companies." Senate Report No. 1095, 84th Congress, 1st session, on this legislation, said of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956: "It repre- sents a compromise." In signing the act into law, President Eisenhower said: "As a result of the var- ious exemptions and other provisions, the legislation falls short of achieving these ob- jectives. * * * The exemptions and other special provisions will require the further at- tention of the Congress." In every annual report to Congress since the passage of the 1956 act the Federal Re- serve Board has recommended that the ex- emptions contained in the 1956 act be elimi- nated. My amendment to H.R. 7371 accepted by the House on a rolleall vote does exactly that and no more. Let me briefly discuss the exemptions that the House bill, as now amended, would remove. 1. First, of course, it would remove the ex- emption for the Alfred I. du Pont estate, the original sole purpose of H.R. 7371. This exemption Is in general terms, applying to testamentary trusts and to community chests, funds, or foundations for religious, Approved For Release 2065/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 March 16, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX recently as one of seven finalists, nation- wide, to work with various poverty projects in Europe this summer. But, after much deliberation, she refused the offer-and is convinced her decision was right. Since January, Mrs. Oleson has worked in the pharmacy department at Tampa General Hospital as an assistant for on-the-job train- ing with Operation ADE (aid to dependent employables). Because of her meaningful service in the community and her exceptional progress, she was nominated to represent the southeast in a scholarship program designed as an edu- cational experience for participants in anti- poverty programs throughout the United States. It serves as a recognition to a person who best exemplifies the spirits of self-help and community action so strongly supported by Sargent Shriver both dome tically through the Office of Economic Opportunity, and abroad, through the Peace Corps. Seven recipients, one from each of the geo- graphical regions of the Office of Economic Opportunity, will visit foreign countries for 2 months this summer and base an oppor- tunity to learn how people live, work, and face problems of poverty in other parts of the world as well as how the Peace Corps performs. "I stayed up all night trying to reach a decision because I" felt it was a wonderful opportunity," she said. "But I believe the future in America is in my children and in my home. I know I hated to disappoint a lot of people but I had to put my family first." Mrs. Oleson has three boys, 18 months, 3, and 4 years old. She was concerned that two of her children needed medical treatment right now and she also would have been forced to hire a babysitter during the time she was away or have them placed in a nursery. "My children need their mother very much while they're. still so young, and I just couldn't rationalize the idea of leaving them," Mrs. Oleson said. Mrs. Oleson is one of many women who have had difficulty obtaining employment because she has`no marketable skill or it has become outdated. The program is aimed at teaching women a skill so they can get off the welfare rolls or otherwise earn ,a sufficient living for their families. Mrs. Oleson, a native of Tampa, was em- ployed in investigative work out of State, and When she moved back to this area there was very little demand for that type of job. She has been retrained in a more scientific field and today assists the registered phar- macists at Tampa General in various duties around the department. This job does not include filling prescriptions and other high- ly trained work. Mrs. Oleson receives a maintenance al- lowance of $30 a week during training and plans are being made to place her in a permanent job when Operation ADE closes in April. In the poverty programs, the training pe- riod varies from 6 to 30 weeks depending on -the field. Two months ago there were 204 people in training and nearly half of that figure had been later employed somewhere in the city. The program works under the welfare di- vision of _the. hospital and welfare board of Hillsborough County and operates with a budget,of $846,000. Operation ADE was, begun only last June, but will merge next year with Neighborhood Service Centers, another poverty program In Tampa at a saving in administrative costs. Director Rudy Spoto, of the hospital and welfare board, said when Operation ADE is integrated with the larger NSC, within a year there will be three neighborhood agen- cies in operation in Ybor City, West Tampa, and Plant City. EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. BOB CASEY OF TEXAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. CASEY. Mr. Speaker, in the eyes of the world, according to the Houston Post, the congressional vote on the Viet- nam military operations bill was a vote of confidence on our Vietnam policy. The policy that was endorsed was one of resolute firmness and pruduent restraint- firmness in resisting the Communist effort to take over South Vietnam by force and careful limitation of the amount of force used to resist this effort to what is necesary to keep the Communists from succeeding- While trying by every means to bring about a peaceful settlement of the conflict in southeast Asia through negotiations. The view expressed by the Houston Post is one of many on this subject and I include the editorial as a part of the RECORD: CONFIDENCE VOTE FOR L.B.J. In the eyes of the world, the congressional vote on President Johnson's request for an additional $4.8 billion to pay for military operations in Vietnam during the remainder of the current fiscal year was a vote of con- fidence on the President's Vietnam policy. The one-sidedness of the vote by which the money was authorized, 392 to 4 in the House and 93 to 2 in the Senate, reflected the de- gree of support that the President has in the country as a whole, and it Is to be hoped that Communist leaders everywhere, but es- pecially those in Peiping and Hanoi, got the message loud and clear. The policy issue was much more clear cut resolute firmness and prudent restraint- firmness in resisting the Communist effort to take over South Vietnam by force and careful limitation of the amount of force used to resist this effort to what is necessary to keep the Communists from succeeding- while trying by every means to bring about a peaceful settlement of the conflict in southeast Asia through negotiations. The policy issue was much more clear cut in the Senate than in the House, and this was appropriate since debate and criticism have been loudest there. Senator WAYNE MORSE forced a direct vote on presidential policy by offering an amendment to the money authorization bill, which would have repealed the 1964 congressional resolution approving and supporting President John- son's actions. The effort to repudiate presi- dential leadership lost by a vote of 92 to 5. If the men who control the governments in Peiping and Hanoi actually were under any illusion that the American people are deeply divided on the question of the proper policy to be followed in Vietnam, the vote must have come as both a surprise and a shock. It remains to be seen what, if any, effect this will have on their policies and courses of action, but at least the vote helped to offset any encouragement that they may have re- ceived as a result of recent senatorial and other criticism of the President's policy. Even if the Morse amendment had been A1519 approved, the President's power to pursue the policy he is pursuing would not have been affected, and it Is doubtful that he would have changed it, because he believes it is the right policy and one that an over- whelming majority of the American people support. It is true that a few Senators voted to support the President reluctantly and with reservations, but the Communists can de- rive little satisfaction from this. In the first place, their number is few, and in the second place, their differences with the administra- tion are not fundamental. There is little disagreement on basic objectives. There are some, of course, who think that President Johnson should spell out in greater specific detail what this country ultimately would settle for in southeast Asia. But this would mean a loss of flexibility and could close the door to some opportunities for a peaceful settlement. The overriding fact in southeast Asia re- mains that there. can be peace anytime the Communists are willing to abandon their aggression and the use of force in an effort to obtain their objectives. Or, as Secretary of State Dean Rusk put it very succinctly recently, any time they are willing to stop shooting at and killing their neighbors. Or, to put it still differently, any time they are willing to stop being barbarians and show a desire to become members of a civilized world society. Wentworth Town Meeting: A Command- ing Voice at the Grassroots Reaffirms Stand Against Proposed Livermore Falls, Rumney Dams EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF, HON. JAMES C. CLEVELAND OF NEW HAMPSHIRE IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. CLEVELAND. Mr. Speaker, 2 years ago to the day, I took the floor of the House to argue against a $50 million project In my district-the -high dam- at Livermore Falls on the Pemigewasset River-see RECORD of March 16, 1964. This rebutted the charge often made against Members of Congress that they are all for economy except in their own districts. I pointed how, after detailed study as a member of the Public Works Com- mittee, I found that the objective of flood control in the valley would be ac- complished just as well through the con- struction of small, dry dams on the tributaries of the Pemigewasset. This course would also avoid the heavy eco- nomic damage and - extensive personal dislocations that would be caused by the construction of a high dam and the im- pounding of water. My position was strongly supported by the voters of 10 towns in the Pemige- wasset area. Some of those towns have reaffirmed their stand. A resolution unanimously adopted at the last town meeting on March 8 in Wentworth is typical. This resolution is a commanding voice at the grassroots level. It deserves to be Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 A1520 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 16, 1966 listened to in Washington. Too much time has already gone by without having this matter settled. The delay renders planning and economic development virtually impossible. The resolution of the Wentworth town meeting follows: "Be it resolved that the town of Went- worth, N.H., go on record as being highly opposed to the building of dams at Livermore Falls, on the Pemigewassett River, and at Rumney, on the Baker River, as proposed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. "Be it also resolved that the town of Went- worth favors the continuation of the build- ing of the smaller dams in the Baker River Valley as proposed by the U.S. Soil Conserva- tion Service." I certify that the foregoing resolutions were unanimously adopted by the voters at the town meeting in Wentworth March 8, OLIVE M. BELYEA, Town Clerk. Architects. The recording service un- covers buildings of unusual interest or architectural merit, and then takes photographs, makes sketches, writes descriptive material. This material is then filed in the historic American build- ings survey 'archives in the Library of Congress. The project was founded in 1935, and has had a considerable impact in pre- serving for future generations our fine American buildings. Mr. Speaker, I believe that the citizens .of Ovid deserve congratulation for their effective work in maintaining the Ovid United Church building. As a mark of respect for the activities of the citizens of Ovid and as a recognition of the en- during value of the church as an his- toric building, a certificate of recognition from the national historic buildings sur- vey project will be sent to Ovid in the coming months. I am pleased to Join the project in honoring the church in Ovid, and I think it appropriate to insert an article on the subject published in the Lansing State Journal: OVID CHURCH GETS HISTORICAL LISTING (By William J. Duchaine) Ovio-The old First Congregational Church, now known as the Main Street Building of the Ovid United Church, has been recorded by the national historic build- ings survey project. Pictures, architectural measurements and history of the nearly century-old edifice will be preserved in the Archives of Congress. It is one of about a score of buildings sur- veyed in the central Michigan project last summer. The First Congregational Church of Ovid was organized March 3, 1871. George Fox, grandfather of Harold Beardslee, retired Ovid banker, was the contractor who built the original church and steeple. Fox, a carpen- ter, owned a sawmill. The first minister was Rev. William Mulder. Charter members were: C. V. Beebe, M.D., Marie D. Beebe, R. J. Young, Jennie Young, Annie Davis, Henry M. Enos, Charlotte A. Bennett, Susan Beebe, Mary Ray, Mrs. G. D. Sowers, and Miss Jennie Mulock. The church, built on a hill on High Street, was dedicated in 1872. It was moved to Main Street in 1899, and underwent considerable remodeling the following year. A parlor and porch were added, and an excavation was made for the furnace and dining area. In 1923, trustees voted to excavate the re- mainder of the basement to enlarge the area. Harold Beardslee, Fred Green, A. D. Mosser, and C. W. Stone were elected as the com- mittee to organize "work bees." Each man was to give at least 2 hours to the digging project. This basement is now a large dining area, used for church suppers, Lions Club dinners, receptions, and banquets. The older part of the basement is used as the kitchen. About 1943, the Congregational and Meth- odist churches were merged as the Ovid United Church. Macomb County Community College EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. JAMES G. O'HARA OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. O'HARA of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, those of us who live in Macomb County, Mich., are very proud of the rapidly growing community college in our county. It is already an outstand- ing educational asset for young people in southeastern Michigan. The south campus of Macomb County Community College was opened just last fall and now has been expanded to in- clude five classroom buildings as well as office and student services structures. Now plans are underway for the devel- opment of the college's center campus. In this connection, I should like to point out that a model of the first unit of MCCC's second campus has been cited for its architecture. Mr. Speaker, I have received a news release regarding plans for the new col- lege campus. Under unanimous consent I insert the news release from the Macomb County Community College in the Appendix of the RECORD: MACOMB COUNTY COMMUNITY COLLEGE Cited by national jury as an outstanding school design, a model of the first unit of Macomb County Community College's sec- ond campus was chosen to be exhibited at the conference of the American Association of School Administrators, February 12 to 16 in Atlantic City. The unit,'a self-sufficient learning center designed as a component of a large commu- nity college complex, earned praise from the AASA school building architectural ex- hibit jury for "sensitivity to human needs and common interests of,students." According to the screening jury "this sensitivity gives character to the plan and the architecture symbolizes community col- lege education. Architects for the unit are Wakely-Ifush- ner Associations of St. Clair Shores. The $2.4 million project is the first in the development of MCCC's Center Campus on a 220-acre site at Hall Road and Garfield, be- tween Mount Clemens and Utica. MCCC's South Campus opened in Septem- Unemployment Compensation Reform Bill EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. CHARLES A. VANIK OF OHIO IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. VANIK. Mr. Speaker, public hear- ings are currently underway on H.R. Approved For Release 2005/06/29: CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 ber of 1965 and was expanded last month to a total of five classroom, office and student services buildings. The first unit on the Center Campus, one of a series of five subcampuses housing 2,- 000 students each, is expected to be com- pleted by fall of 1967. Each learning center, comprised of three buildings, will serve as the major identify- ing-element for the student body. A stu- dent will be able to receive all of his general educational instruction in any one of the learning centers. In addition, each learning center will house specialized vocational pro- grams and laboratories. Each Earning center consists of three con- nected structures: a classroom building, a laboratory building and a student commons building. Emphasis is placed on flexibility of instructional space, providing areas suit- able for teaching groups of from 10 to 160 students through the use of movable parti- tions and varying sizes of rooms. Science laboratories are organized into units of 24 student stations but may be expanded to accommodate 48 or 72 students. Faculty offices are interspersed among the teaching areas to make the faculty accessible to the students. The student commons building is designed as a gathering place for the students in each learning center. Here students can study, use reference materials, eat lunch or drink coffee, socialize, view displays, attend a musi- cal presentation, lecture or dramatic work, purchase supplies or pursue other college- related activities. Plans for the center campus call for two major areas divided by a meadow commons. On the north Is the academic core with com- munity-oriented buildings: the campus com- munity center, fine arts center, auditorium, and office-conference center. These build- ings will be connected to the learning centers on the south by bridges over the meadow commons. Ultimate enrollment for the MCCC south and center campuses is expected to reach 30,000, about equally divided between the two. Historic Church in Ovid, Mich., Gets National Recognition EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. PAUL H. TODD, JR. OF MICHIGAN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. TODD. Mr. Speaker, anyone who has ever been in western and central Michigan has noticed the fine old build- ing to be found there. Houses, churches and other public buildings dating from the 19th century have attracted national attention as examples of good architec- ture and high craftsmanship. A particularly good example is the old First Congregational Church in Ovid, Mich., which I am priveleged to repre- sent in the House of Representatives. Recently, it was announced that the church, now known, as the Ovid United Church, has been recorded by the na- tional historic buildings survey project. I wish to bring this to the attention of the Members as recognition of the lovely church in Ovid, and to bring to atten- tion the activities of the national his- toric buildings survey project. The project is sponsored by the Li- brary of Congress, the National Park Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 March 16, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A1527 haps there might have been 25 years ago, or even 10 years ago, but certainly not today." An international conference on theologi- cal issues raised by the Ecumenical Council will be held on the campus in March. A month later philosophers from around the world, including several from Communist countries, will gather for a congress in Marx- 1st philosophy. Notre Dame, like most universities, has weak departments. Psychology has suffered there, as at most Catholic schools, from the church's dislike for Freudian analysis. A de- partment was just started this year. Anthropology, sociology and political science require further bolstering. Dr. Shuster believes Notre Dame must have a department or a school of education "because education is ljound to be one of the great professional fields in the country" in the future. GRADUATE PROGRAM Much of the graduate program needs to be strengthened. Notre Dame now has about 1,000 graduate students in its total enrollment of 7,100 and offers Ph. D.'s in 17 fields. But several standard doctorates are not offered-in modern languages, ?for in- stance-and the increasing specialization in science means the university must add many new men. Philosophy and theology are required courses at Notre Dame, as they are at almost all Catholic schools. Their quality is a source of campus controversy: The philosophy department has broadened its interests in recent years. In addition to the expected experts in St. Thomas Aquinas, the department now has good men in exis- tentialist thought, or phenomenology, as many Catholics prefer to call it, and in the history of philosophy. NO PRAGMATISTS However, there are no American pragma- tists, and the university has hired very few non-Catholic philosophers, except on a vis- iting professor basis. "This is a rather sensitive area," said the Reverend Ernan McMullin, an articulate Irish diocesan priest who heads the depart- ment. "I would prefer to have a Catholic If he's competent. It's not that I'm Intoler- ably restrictive, but I'd want a man who understands what we're trying to do. He should see that the existence of God, the nature of the human soul, are very impor- tant questions. Not that we prescribe the answers, but we do believe the questions are Important." But some at Notre Dame would like to see more non-Catholics added to the permanent philosophy faculty and the curriculum and range of intellectual inquiry opened up even more than it has been. Even greater ferment exists in theology. A few years ago the theology department was generally considered to be the weakest in the university, an irony in a great Catholic institution. The courses were traditional and dull-"catechism stuff," critics on the pres- ent-day faculty call them. Recently, however, the voices of younger, more liberal theologians have been heard. One of these is the Reverend John S. Dunne, author of "The City of the Gods," which George Shuster calls "the best book anybody has written around here in years." A recent series of lectures by Father Dunne on contemporary religious issues drew over- flow crowds. "That never happened around here before," remarked President Hesburgh. The students came in such large numbers, Father Dunne believes, because "these are the questions that really interest students to- day. They are questioning the church. They wonder whether they'are really in the church any more. They are trying to break away from that old thou,shalt_not, approach and find out about Christian love-how to relate to other persons, how to break through to autonomy, to real freedom." In Father Dunne's opinion, no questions should go unasked in theology courses. "When the spirit of inquiry enters into the- ology, it has an effect on the level of living as well as thought. A kind of quest begins, a search for the meaning of life which is a very real thing for young people now." Father Dunne continued: "What a Catho- lic university should do is witness to the fact that the search can go on within the church. One can question everything from within aild search for the meaning of life without breaking with the church." Like others at Notre Dame, Father Dunne thinks that when Notre Dame aimed for the top academically its leaders "might not have realized this would have a big religious di- mension," that it would involve "a big break with the static past." The right to free inquiry has not been fully established for younger theologians who do not have Father Dunne's reputation. Said one: "Occasionally, if they hear you're saying something mildly heretical in class, they'll mention it. I suppose you could call it a mild warning. That's all-so far, at least." INEVITABLE TIDE These incidents appear to be last, desperate efforts by conservative theologians to stem an inevitable tide, however. Notre Dame will begin a doctoral program in theology next year and soon thereafter plans to set up a research institute in comparative re- ligion, where Protestant, Jewish, and prob- ably agnostic scholars will work with Catholics. Father Hesburgh said he assumes there are atheists among Notre Dame's students (though 98.5 percent of undergraduates, and 95 percent of all students, claim to be Cath- olics). Years ago Notre Dame might have dropped such students, the president said, but not now. "If a student is going to be an atheist, this is probably as good a place for him as any," said Father Hesburgh. "There are big ques- tions about God-does he exist? Has he had anything to say? Is it relevant to life today? The student should ask these questions. This is the place to work them out." Hawaii Second in Nation in 1965 Personal Income Rate of Gain EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA OF HAWAII IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, Ha- waii again has clearly demonstrated its economic vitality. In a recent survey conducted by the Business Week maga- zine, the results showed that Hawaii not only had the second largest rate of gain in personal income for the month of December 1965, but it also rated second highest amogng the 50 Std .tos for the en- tire year of 1965. Hawaii's 13.2-percent annual increase was second only to Idaho's 13.9-percent rise. The average rate of gain for the entire United States for 1965 was 8.7 percent. I am proud to submit for inclusion in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the article in the March 1, 1966, issue of the Honolulu Advertiser which contains the Business Week survey results: ISLES RATE No. 2 IN INCOME GAIN Hawaii had the second largest rate of gain in personal income for 1965 of any of the Nation's 50 States. The State also had the second biggest rate of growth In the December personal income survey conducted by Business Week maga- zine. For the year, Hawaii showed a 13.2-per- cent increase-right behind Idaho's 13.9- percent rise. In December, personal income here climbed 17.5 percent over the some month a year ago. The leader for December was North Dakota with a 23-percent jump. Idaho was third at 17.3 percent. For the United States, the average rate of gain amounted to 8.7 percent for the year, the largest ever recorded by the Business Week survey. And the December gain for the Nation was 9.4 percent. Backing Our Men EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. BOB CASEY OF TEXAS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. CASEY. Mr. Speaker, typical of many newspapers, which I have seen, the Houston Post indorses the plan to give our fighting men in' Vietnam the hard- ware they need to do their job. The Post says: Surely, there are no thinking Americans who believe we now could withdraw from South Vietnam without doing ourselves ir- reparable damage. And it adds that all patriotic Ameri- cans would want to supply our men with the material they need. The editorial sheds light on issues of great concern, and with the belief that this article will be of interest to others, I offer it for the RECORD: [From the Houston (Tex.) Post, Mar. 2, 19661 VIETNAM MONEY BILL VOTED The Nation had more than ample debate on the administration's $4.8 billion Vietnam military authorization bill when Congress approved It Tuesday. ? The bill in no way is a congressional man- date for increasing the pace of U.S. activity in Vietnam. It merely authorizes payment for military hardware for what we now are doing. Unfortunately, the'debate on it, par- ticularly in the Senate, became involved in the hawks versus doves controversy that bal- looned from the Vietnam hearings conducted by Senator J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee. The hearing and the delay in passing the money bill undoubtedly have been of much comfort to the Communist leaders in Hanoi and Peiping. Some of the things said at the Fulbright hearing by opponents of the U.S. effort to save South Vietnam from coming under the domination of the Hanoi Government very likely will strengthen the conviction of Hanoi that internal strife in this country will result in our withdrawal. Nothing, of course, Is further from the truth. The misguided individuals who speak for withdrawal overlook the fact that we have made a solemn promise to defend the people of South Vietnam against aggression, and that to break this promise would end the trust of our allies in the mutual defense agreements we have with them. Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 A1528 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 16, 1966 Secretary of State Dean Rusk spoke the blunt truth when he told the Fuibright com- mittee that we are in Vietnam to fight Com- munist aggression and "because we must make clear that the United States keeps its word whenever it is pledged." Indeed, the consequence of breaking our word to South Vietnam undoubtedly would have serious repercussions throughout the free world. As for the military necessity of U.S. par- ticipation in Vietnam, Gen. Maxwell D. Taylor, former U.S. Ambassador to that coun- try and certainly a man thoroughly familiar with all aspects of the conflict, told the Ful- bright committee that the Communist ag-? gression in South Vietnam is a test of the theory that so-called wars of liberation can be won cheaply and safely. If the Commu- nists were to win in South Vietnam, he add- ed , the war of liberation technique "will be used widely about the world." More than $3 billion of the money au- thctrized by the bill would be used for pro.. curement of aircraft. Surely, there are no patriotic Americans who would deny our forces all the planes they need to do their job. Our pledge to defend South Vietnam was first made in the SEATO treaty of 1954, dur- ing the Eisenhower administration. It has been reiterated since then by Presidents Ken- nedy and Johnson. Surely, there are no thinking Americans who believe we now could withdraw from South Vietnam without doing ourselves irreparable damage. Bravery Cited EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. ANDREW JACOBS, JR.. OF INDIANA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. JACOBS. Mr: Speaker, a young soldier in far off southeast Asia wrote down on a pad of notebook paper, The cowards die a thousand times, the brave die but once. That quotation is contained in a letter Pfc. Hiram D. Strickland, of Graham, N.C., wrote to his parents before he was killed in Vietnam. His letter was reprinted in a recent editorial in the Indianapolis Star. The paper titled the editorial, "He Under- 'stood," and said it could make no com- ment which could add to the eloquence of the letter. Because I feel sure that many will want to read this moving letter, I place it the RECORD at this point: [From the Indianapolis (Ind.) Star, Mar. 11, 1966] HE UNDERSTOOD Pfc. Hiram D. Strickland, 20 years old, had his own personal feelings about Vietnam. He put them in a letter to his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Donald A. Strickland, of Gra- ham, N.C. It was written in ink on a pad of notebook paper. Private First Class Strickland, like other young men in combat, had fears he might not come back and he expressed them. lie wrote: "I'm writing this letter as my last one. You've probably already received word that I'm dead and that the Government wishes to express Its deepest regret. Believe me, I don't want to die, but I know it was part of my job. I want my country to live for bil- lions and billions of years to come. "I want it to stand as a light to all people oppressed, and guide them to the same free- dom we know. If we can stand and fight for freedom, then I think we have done the job God set down for us. It's up to every Amer- ican to fight for the freedom we hold so dear. If we don't, the smells of free air could be- come dark and damp, as a prison cell. "We won't be able to look at ourselves in a mirror, much less at our sons and daughters because we will know we have failed our God, country, and our future generations. "I can hold my head high because I fought, whether it be in heaven or hell. Be- sides, the saying goes, 'One more GI from Vietnam, St. Peter, I've served my time in hell.' "I fought for Sandy, Nell, Gale (his sis- ters), mom, and dad.. But when the twins and Sandy's kids get old enough, they'll probably have to fight, too. Tell them to go proudly and without fear of death, because it is worth keeping the land free. "I remember a story from Mr. Williams' (Thomas Williams, a teacher at Southern High School in Alarnance County) English classes when I was a freshman that said, 'The cowards die a thousand times, the brave die but once.' "Don't mourn me, mother, for I'm happy I died fighting my country's enemies, and I will live forever in people's minds. I've done what I've always dreamed of. Don't mourn me, for I died a soldier of the United States of America. "God bless you all and take care. I'll be seeing you in heaven. "Your loving son and brother, Butch." The letter was undated. It was never sent. Before Private First Class Strickland could mail it, he was killed by a burst of enemy gunfire which struck him in the head. His parents were notified of his death in a tele- gram delivered by a taxidriver. The letter was found in a package containing his per- sonal effects. No comment we can make will add to its eloquence. Democracy: What It Means to Me EXTENSION OF REMARKS or HON. CLARENCE D. LONG OF MARYLAND IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday? March 16, 1966 Mr. LONG of Maryland. Mr. Speaker, I am delighted to bring to the attention of the House a speech delivered by Mr. Thomas E. Wisniewski of Baltimore, Md., entitled "Democracy: What it Means to Me." Mr. Wisniewski's speech was chosen as the winning Maryland entry in the 1966 Voice of Democracy Contest, sponsored annually by the Vet- erans of Foreign Wars of the United States and its Ladies Auxiliary. The speech follows: DEMOCRACY : WHAT IT MEANS TO ME (By Thomas E. Wisniewski) Today someone--some soldier-dies in Vietnam, and the scent to touch his nostrils is either that of burnt gunpowder, some rare jungle flower, or the stench of another sol- dier's coagulating blood. Today someone dies trying to cross the Berlin wall, and the last sight that he sees is broken glass and broken hopes-but not broken people. To- day someone enters this country to someday become one of its citizens, and the first sight that he sees, the first sensation he perceives, the first smell to touch his nostrils is that of-is there a word for it? The first immigrants to this Nation used to be processed at an area on Ellis Island. They would step ashore and fill out the re- quired forms and recite the required oaths and they would fear. They were soon led into a large hall. They were there-together. Here was the world's greatest collection of cowards and heroes. They were cowards be- cause they ran. They were heroes because they ran. Many ran away from something. Many ran toward something. But they did run. They ran away from petty dictators and petty incomes. They ran toward hope. They had a simple faith in a new land-they had a simple belief in democracy. They had a simple hope to live. To them democracy was not a theory-a government-a philosophy. It was a hope. At times it was naive, ignorant. At times it was brilliant-giving them the answer to the relentless question of "Why did I come?" Democracy is no longer the great experiment; it is the great reality. It is a reality that has no easy explanation, but nevertheless some- thing that can be understood by the most ignorant and something that can be died for by the most cowardly. To the immigrant democracy offers only one thing. It has no unpronouncable name, but some wish that it never be pronounced. All of democracy and all of the well-inten- tioned philosophy on democracy revolves about that one oft-repeated and oft-misun- derstood word of dignity. Democracy offers man only one right-the right to be him- self-the right of his dignity. From this all other rights proceed. But there can be no democracy if people do not want it. Democ- racy is not something that you put down in law books and point to it and say "There is our democracy; enforce it." It is something whose fragile existence is put into the hands of the individual. The individual decides whether to exercise it. If there is no respect for dignity in an individual's soul-he has no democracy. Democracy can be and is no more than a group of individuals acting to- gether in respect of dignity and integrity--- in respect of-the individual. Throughout the world there are those who die for it. May it be said of us that we live for it-that we live for democracy. To the soldier, to the man on the other side of the Berlin wall, to the immigrant, and to me democracy is not a mere theory or philosophy. It is a simple reality whose essence is the respect, dignity, and integrity of the individual. Wars of National Liberation EXTENSION OF REMARKS HON. DONALD RUMSFELD OF ILLINOIS IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Monday, February 28, 1966 Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, at the American Bar Association's House of Del- egates meeting in Chicago last month, the association's standing committee on education against communism submitted a report of its programs of education on Communist tactics, strategry, and objec- tives. The chairman of this committee is Mr. Morris I. Leibman, a member of President Johnson's Panel on Interna- tional Affairs and National Security. Among the activities conducted by the committee are summer training insti- tutes for high school social studies and political science teachers, involving in- struction on the contrast between com- Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 A1530 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 16, 1966 validity'of his tactics, but neither makes a secret of his strategy. Perhaps you have heard the persuasive and cleverly presented thesis that Communist China is the biggest threat to peace because It is more militant, and that the Soviet Union is less dangerous because it says it wants to live in peaceful coexistence with the West, And perhaps you have also heard the theory that the Soviet Union, as it pro- gresses economically, and as it becomes more and more like the United States, will gradu- ally abandon its revolutionary goals. But what does "peaceful coexistence" really mean? To us, it means "live and let live." To the Communists it means, in the words of Khfushchev, "a form of intense economic, political, and ideological struggle" between communism and capitalism. It means expansion of the worldwide revolu- tionary process with every means short of nuclear war; it means going to the brink, and then retreating when we respond; In plain language, it means warfare, a peculiar kind of warfare which we have never fought. It is the warfare of the "national liberation movement." What, then, can we expect from wars of national liberation in the future, and what can we do about them? First, we can almost certainly expect that there will be many more of them in the years ahead. Operating under its umbrella of nu clear weapons, the Soviet Union will con- tinue to use its rapidly expanding power to support them whenever and wherever pos- sible. Few of us realize the dimensions of Soviet economic strength, and the strategic implications of that strength. While the Soviet people are denied the necessities of modern life, huge sums are devoted to subversion, propaganda, espio- nage, and infiltration. The Soviets posses the largest airline In the world, and have extensive airline routes to all'the underdeveloped countries. Their .commercial planes carry agents disguised as technical advisers to Africa, and on the return flights are loaded with students and cultural exchange delegations. As of Januar3? 1 of this year the Soviet Union has one of the largest commercial maritime fleets in the world, and those ships ply the troubled waters of Africa, Asia, and Latin America, delivering cargoes of weapons, cutrate oil, and revolutionaries. While the Soviets continue to supply the Vietcong by rail, sea, and air, they look to expanded trade with the West for the pur- pose of augmenting their military and pro- ductive strength. They continue to build up bases of subversion in Cuba and in Zan- zibar, and hope to capture other strategi- cally located islands to act as steppingstones in the chain of subversion. We have said that we welcome economic competition. Do we in fact welcome it? Why should we? Should we promote trade with the Soviet Union when we know that American goods and know-how will be used, directly or indirectly, to support wars of attrition such as that in Vietnam? Are not the Communists asking us to give them the bullets, load the gun, and show them how to aim it? Finally, our second question: What can we do to stem the tide of Communist "wars of liberation?" What I have presented here is an essentially pessimistic picture of the world. But I would ask you to keep in mind that this discussion has been devoted to a very important question-one that we are hard pressed to answer. I do owe you a positive alternative; and it can be s%uumed- up in a few words: We can win, any battle with any adversary if we male the decision to commit our unmatched strength and our own revolutionary Ideals to winning wken and where it counts; this will be done if we steer the path of realism and avoid the twin dangers of complacency and unfounded optimism. Tomorrow, as we celebrate the birthday of our first President, millions of Americans will repeat the pledge of allegiance. We will recite it with pride, because it is the embodiment of the spirit of democracy. Elsewhere in the world, Communists will be taking another pledge, one quite different from our own. This Communist pledge of allegiance might sound something like this: "I pledge allegiance to the destruction of your society, to the values for which it stands, and to the goals which it seeks to attain; "I pledge allegiance to your destruction not because I feel hatred of you, but be- cause you represent the decaying forms of the past; not because you have committed a crime against me, but because the system you represent, and seek to, perpetuate is in itself criminal; not because you want to live in peace and harmony, but because your way of life can never bring peace and har- mony; "I pledge allegiance to the new world or- der which I will help to create, and if you attempt to stop me, I will crush you." Clearly, this is a challenge we must be prepared to meet. And if we cannot do it, who can? EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. SAM GIBBONS OF FLORIDA IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Wednesday, March 16, 1966 Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Speaker, South Korea's decision to send 20,000 more troops to Vietnam to reinforce the allies "is a mark of solidarity with not only the United States, but with the United Na- tions." This is the editorial opinion of the St. Petersburg Times, which add: It is truly heartwarming to have a con- crete expression of gratitude from one of the nations which the United States has assisted. Because this editorial is of such timely interest, I am offering it for the RECORD, where others may read it in its entirety: [From the St. Petersburg (Fla.) Times, Mar. 2, 1966 ] SOUTH KOREA CioMEs THROUGH The vote of the South Korean government to sent 20,000 more troops to Vietnam to re- inforce the allies-principally U.S. forces- Is the best news about that unhappy war In many a day. This doubling of the South" Korean con- tingent is welcome, of course, just for the addition of that many tough, well-trained fighting men on our side. But the importance and significance of the move goes far beyond that. One of the best things about it is that this will ease the Communist charge of "white men fighting yellow men." Of course, with South Vietnamese troops outnumbering our own by more than 3 to 1, the accusation already was a distorted piece of propaganda. But it is distinctly helpful to have Asiatics from another nation present in such large numbers. (Incidentally, in answer to the question so often asked as to why we do not accept Chinese forces under Chiang Kai-shek, which he has offered, this is because that would be almost as great a provocation for Red China's full intervention as if we were to bomb Peiping.) Another point made by the South Korean action is that it is a mark of solidarity with not only the United States, but with the United Nations, which were responsible for South Korea's independence. It may begin to dawn on some other mem- bers of United Nations that this is their fight, too. Finally, in the world as it is today, it is truly heart-warming to have a concrete ex- pression of gratitude from one of the nations which the United States has assisted. This kind of thanks really counts. Congressman William F. Ryan Asks: "What Is Our Franchise To Wage War in the Name of Peace?" EXTENSION OF REMARKS OF HON. ROBERT W. KASTENMEIER OF WISCONSIN IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Tuesday, March 15, 1966 Mr. KASTENMEIER. Mr. Speaker, 2 months ago today, on January 16, WIL- LIAM F. RYAN, our colleague from New York, made a major foreign policy ad- dress at the Sane dinner. On that occa- sion the National Committee for a Sane Nuclear Policy presented the annual Eleanor Roosevelt Peace Award to Sen- ator GEORGE MCGOVERN in recognition of his significant efforts in the cause of peace. During the course of his remarks Con- gressman RYAN raised a question which has special pertinency at this troubled time. He asked: "What is our franchise to wage war in the name of peace?" He suggested: America's experience in attempting to bring about peace is a history of efforts to achieve conditions which often reflect our aspirations and not, strictly speaking, our interests. Congressman RYAN urged that we look beyond Vietnam to China and our rela- tionship to Chinese aspirations and power. He said: Although we say-for purposes of conven- ience-that the near collision over the Cuban missiles was the critical impetus for the test ban agreement, we must remember that the lessons learned during long years of negotia- tions played a significant part in stabilizing the Cuban crisis. A comparable confronta- tion with China seems highly likely within the next decade; yet we have not initiated an equivalent dialog. In the Par East our real and attainable interests lie in heading off a war with China-in meeting the threat of famine, chaos, and civil breakdown in In- dia-not in duplicating nature's disasters. Mr. Speaker, these considerations are of the utmost importance, now, when critical decisions are still being made about our policy in the Far East. Con- gressman RYAN's speech is a valuable contribution to the debate that is taking place, and -I want to bring it to the at- tention of. my colleagues: Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP.67B00446R000400040011-2 Approved For Release 0 / 9 : RDP 000400040011-2 March 16,. 1966 CONGRESSI L CO A 1 A1529 munism and liberty under law. Eighteen form who is telling you a fantastic tale. ties which met just 4b days ago at the colleges and universities have cooperated His story goes something like this: Havana Tricontinental Conference. At Ha- in these training programs. Committee "Today we are faced with a threat to our vana the Communist Parties of the world publications are distributed to schools, way of life unmatched by any threat in our proclaimed that: entire history. We have failed to gain an "We are deeply in sympathy with the professional, educational, and trade as- appreciation of the times in which we live. courageous struggle waged by the peoples of sociations, as well as religious and civic Three years ago, when the Soviet dictator, Latin America. We express our fraternal organizations and the press. One of the Stalin, died, we took comfort in the pro- solidarity with the armed struggle being committee's publications, a teachers' syl- nouncement that the new Communist waged by the Venezuelan, Peruvian, Colom- labus, "Democracy Confronts Commu- leadership would practice a policy of peace- bian, and Guatemalan patriots for freedom nism in World Affairs," was purchased fill coexistence with the West. But, our against the stooges of imperialism. We are by the Department of State for distri- speaker goes on to say, do not be fooled by in solidarity with the struggle being waged such promises; actions speak louder than by the people of Puerto Rico, which remains bution to U.S. embassies and consulates words, and when the Communists finally under the occupation of North American abroad. At the invitation of State and give up their drive for worldwide revolu- imperialism." local bar associations and other orga- tion, we will know it, for they will have be- This statement along with the general nizations, seminars on communism and gun to practice what they have preached. I, declarations emanating from that Triconti- the free society are conducted. for one, do not believe that they have given nental Conference amount to nothing more At the Chicago meeting, briefings were up; I believe that they are trying to throw than a new unilateral declaration of war upon held on a variety of subjects. One of the us off guard, that they are seeking to deceive the United States, it allies, and all non- us until they can muster their forces for a Communist governments in the world. speakers was Dr. Richard V. Allen, chair- new assault on the free world, and that if Once again the Communists have publicly man of the study program on comma- we let ourselves be fooled again, we may one declared, for all the world to hear, that they nism at the Center for Strategic Studies, day wake up and find them on our door- are embarking on a new offensive against the Georgetown University, Washington, D.C steps." free world. They have said that conditions Because of the continuing nationwide And then our imaginary speaker makes a are now ripe for the final push, and that they discussion of the meaning of the term fantastic, and some would say, an insane intend to utilize every weapon in their im- "wars of national liberation," I am in- prediction: pressive arsenal of conflict techniques. They "Because I believe that the Communists have promised that they will not give up the serting Dr. Allen's statement made at have not given up, I will predict tonight that struggle against us, and that with the passage the February 21, 1966, special briefing within 10 years there will be an armed Com- of time both our will to resist and our capa- session. munist camp on an island within a hundred bility to resist will be weakened by the Mr: Speaker, our country is deeply en- miles of our shores; that the Communists pressures of their "national liberation move gaged in Vietnam today, and our con- will try to place weapons of mass destruc- ment." duct in that part of the globe will surely tion on that island; and that that island They know that the most cherished de- will serve as a staging base for the subver- sire of the American people and of free peo- affect our future and the future of the sion of the entire Southern Hemisphere. I ple everywhere is the establishment of a entire free world. The people of the will further predict that the Communists just and lasting peace. They have dedicated United States have the right to be fully will try to take advantage of the instability themselves to denying us that peace, saying informed on our involvement in Vietnam, and chaos in Africa as the colonial powers of that our kind of peace is aggression. In what it means and what it entails. To Belgium, France, and Great Britain with- short, they will not let us alone until we its credit, the Senate Foreign Relations draw their presence there; and I shall pre- have given in, and they will challenge us to Committee, by its public Vietnam hear- diet that within 10 years, the United States prove that they are wrong. will have a quarter of a million men in the To put. it another way: the Communists ings, has made a contribution to the na- steaming jungles of southeast Asia, and that are convinced that we are slowly weakening, tional dialogue. I believe that a full dis- our boys will be losing their lives to protect and that they are steadily gaining strength; cussion of all viewpoints on all aspects an obscure and distant nation located there." that our prestige and honor are slipping of the problems facing the world is valu- With that our speaker concludes his pres- away, and that theirs is rapidly increasing; able. entation, and is greeted by a mixture of that our will to resist and our willingness to Dr. Allen's statement follows: polite applause and muffled laughter. And get involved are ebbing away, and that theirs WARS OF NATIONAL LIBERATION then, a voice from the back of the room cries is reaching its peak; that we are losing, and V. Allen) out., "Who invited that lunatic to tell us a they are winning. (Address by Richard fairytale?" Are they, in fact, winning? And are we Within the last year we have all heard the But as our imaginary speaker rests his losing? From the point of view of the Com- term "wars of national liberation" used with case, there is a very. real man speaking in munist leaders in Moscow and Peiping there increasing frequency. Our newspapers, a hall 5,000 miles away. He has just finished is little cause for pessimism. When they magazines, our television screens, the air- a 3-hour condemnation of his predecessor, compare the map of 1920 with the map of waves, the documents of Congress, and the the leader of a mighty country. He has 1966, should they feel that they are losing? speeches of administration spokesmen all proclaimed that war is no longer inevitable, From humble beginnings in the exile capi- have been filled with news concerning the and that his country seeks to live in har- tals of the world some 50 years ago they have so-called wars of national liberation. mony with the rest of the world. He prom- created an empire which controls a billion What, precisely, is a war of national lib- ised peace, friendship, and social progress. people. Putting ourselves in their shoes we eration? The man was, of course, Nikita Khru- might ask, why should we give up if our Is it the expression of the legitimate in- shchev; the predecessor whom he had con- strategy has paid consecutive dividends? terests of people who are on the march to demned was Stalin, and the peace which he But, you may argue, the Communist world democracy? had promised was the kind which only com- is now divided; Moscow and Peiping are at is it a kind of "American Revolution" munism could bring to the world; it was the each other's throats, and it is likely that they designed to free the citizens of countries peace of total domination. In February will soon be locked in a prolonged and bloody which are ruled by despots, tyrants, and as- 1956 Nikita Khrushchev pledged that kind war. Can't we take some comfort from the sorted corrupt powerseekers? Of peace by combining the power of the fact that the Communists, like thieves, are And now for the most important ques- Soviet Union and the rest of the Communist falling out among themselves? No informed tion: Is it the kind of war which Americans bloc with the "revolutionary forces of the citizen, much less the prudent specialist who understand, and is it the kind of war which national liberation movement." makes a career of studying the Communist we are prepared to deal with effectively? So, here we are, 10 years later. Our imagi- movement, would deny that the two Com- I believe the answer to each question is nary speaker is gone, and so is Khrushchev. munist giants are engaged in an important "No." And why? Precisely because a war In the place of the imaginary speaker stands and decisive debate. of national liberation is a war waged by a bespectacled, somewhat overweight young But over what are they debating; strategy Communists for the express purpose of sub- man; in the place of Khrushchev stands not or tactics? Over whether, or how to con- trerting, paralyzing, and ultimately over- one, but two men, both bespectacled and tinue the attack against what they call im- throwing non-Communist governments both overweight. Our Chicago speaker is perialism? Over means or ends? On this everywhere. It is a form of warfare which not given to making rash predictions, so he point of crucial importance we simply can- the Communists have sought to legitimize; will not say that, within 10 years the U.S. not afford to make a mistake; for if we do, it is a form of warfare which they claim is Possession of Puerto Rico will be subjected it will be a profoundly dangerous, perhaps sweeping the world; and is a form of warfare to a war of national liberation. fatal, mistake. which we, the greatest and most powerful He will not say that strategically located At the present time, the Soviet Union and nation on earth, are 111-equipped and un- countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin Amer- Communist China are waging a battle of inclined to deal with. lea-now heavily infiltrated by Commu- words on one level, and are competing vigor- Let U.S turn back the clock 10 years, and mists-may pass into the Communist orbit ously at another. What they are competing let us imagine that we are assembled` in this within a few years. He leaves that to his for is not each other's territory, but for the room in February 1956. Let us further friends in Moscow and Peiping, and to the leadership of-the international Communist imagine that there is a speaker on this plat- representatives of 77 other Communist Par- movement. Each is trying to prove the Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040011-2