VOICES TO VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 12
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 14
• Publication Date: March 10, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

A1362
Approved For Release'2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
honle,.among the PoGopac Indians for several River ties into the Potomac, has had a resi-
years, In 1639 he converted the Indian dent pastor since 1662, which is believed to
Queen and 130 of her subjects to Christian- be a record in the United States.
ity. It was here that Father White cola- Christ Church, located now at LaPlata,
piled the first catechism, dictionary, and Md., was created in 1692 as Port Tobacco
grammar in the Indian language. Inciden- Parish. Until 1904 the Protestant Episcopal
tally, in 1958 also marked, the 350th anni- Church was situated in Port Tobacco for
versary of the arrival of four Polish and two 212 years.
Slovak craftsmen on the Godspeed, Septem- The above mentioned Father Andrew
ber 25, 1608, to help Capt
John Smith
.
estab
-
lish the first permanent English settlement
in Jamestown, Va.
Maryland also has a Bohemian Manor,
founded by Augustine Herman, first Czech
in America, who arrived here in 1630 and
was a close friend of famous Peter Stuyve-
sant, Governor of New Amsterdam, now New
York. Herman was delegated to make a
map of Maryland and Virginia, which he
successfully compiled and as a reward re-
ceived 20,000 acres of land, on which he es-
tablished the Bohemian Manor. He was
honored in 1956 when a portion of Mary-
land highway in Cecil County was named
for him.
Some 60 years ago an American Slovak
journalist, Joseph Joscak, established a farm-
ing colony in St. Mary's County, Md., for
colonizing namely the members of the Na-
tional Slovak Society. Many Slovak families
still reside there and the famous American
Jesuit, Father John LaFarge, 9.J., noted lec-
turer and author, served these Slovaks for
several years on account of his knowledge
of Slavic languages. Father LaFarge de-
scribed the early years of this Maryland Slo-
vak settlements in his autobiography, "The
White, S.J., who accompanied the first set-
tlers to Maryland in 1634 built a small cha
el
p
at Chapel Point in 1642 while he was a mis-
sionary for the Indians in that area. This
was the first house of worship in Charles
County, but has long since disappeared.
And in 1662 another chapel was built by a
successor and became the chapel of St.
Thomas Manor. The present manor house
was built in 1741 as the priest's residence.
The present St. Ignatius Catholic Church
was built in 1798. Its chapel of 1662 be-
came a sacristy, joining the church and the
house. St. Thomas Manor is now one of the
oldest Jesuit institutions in North America.
During various periods of Colonial times It
was the headquarters for the Jesuit Fathers
serving Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New
York.
was chosen by "The Tablet" of Brooklyn, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
N.Y., as the Catholic Book Week patron, we
are happy to inform our Slovak Catholic Thursday, March 10, 1966
Sokol youth that this outstanding Amer- Mr. STAFFORD. Mr. Speaker, I wish
scan Catholic scholar and author, knew the to commend Vermont's soil and water
Slovak language well and served our pio- conservation district leaders for their
neers in Maryland, which was also visited by
Count Maurice Benovsky during the Ameri- unselfish devotion and dedication to the
can Revolutionar
--
y
Dorn in Vrbove, Nitra These leaders, who are elected locally
County of Maryland." Country, Slovakia and died as a king of the and serve voluntarily, are deeply involved
FIRST CONVENT IN 13 ORIGINAL 'UNITED STATES Island of Madagascar. in the development and use of natural
ural
Now let us concentrate on the 300th an- resources for, the purpose of improving
niversary of Charles County. Its rich his- e economic and social life of rural
tory thrilled me. However, I shall describe areas.
presently the place known as "Mount Car- Voices to Vietnam Soil conservation districts were origi-
mel" a religious shrine, where on October
15, 1790, the first convent in the 13 Original Wally organized to help farm conservation
s
United States was founded. Its founders EXTENSION OF REMARKS operators plan and apply conservation
were four Carmelite, nuns, three of them of practices. This is still a most important
were foe of the alit known Matthews family them function. But the districts have broad-
of this historic Charles County. HON. CHESTER L. MIZE ened their program of assistance over the
"Mount Carmel" was . known to the peo- OF KANSAS years. Today districts offer technical
ple of Charles County as ' "The Monastery" IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES help to nonfarm landowners and town
for almost 170 years. It is situated on a and area planning groups, they sponsor
rolling hillside near Port Tobacco on Mary- Thursday, March 10, 1966-
land Route 327. It has become the scene of Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, in view of ects, and promote omote beau a ti f cation pr he
pilgrimages from southern Maryland, Wash- the legislation I have introduced to au- countryside. roe tification of the
ington, Baltimore, and other American cities. thorize the transmittal of voice record- Recent accomplishments include help
The Carmelite community, which even- Ings under the free mailing privileges for to rural landowners in the conversion
tually grew to 40 nuns, occupied the place servicemen, I was interested In reading of land from crop income-
until 1831. They sold the property and Production to inCOme-
moved to Baltimore for they .were unable to a newspaper article from the Hampden, producing recreational uses, an en-
operate the convent farm, which was their Conn., Chronicle, which was reprinted deavor that is having a very favorable
principal means of support. "Mount Car- in the Christian Monitor on Saturday, effect on Vermont's economy.
mel" as the historians put it, "slowly slipped March 5, calling attention to a project, The people of Vermont were quick to
into oblivion for a century." However, in "Voices to Vietnam." The success of recognize the value of the district pro-
1933 the late Mrs. Benjamin E. Talbott and this project is further proof of the popu- gram. By 1947 the entire State was
her daughter, Mrs. John J. Haggerty, cre- larity of "living letters" between the blanketed with districts. Today the 13
ated a movement to restore the historical servicemen and the members of his soil and water conservation districts in
site, which also contains an old Catholic
cemetery with graves of many well-known family. Vermont are cooperating with more than
residents of the Port Tobacco area. In 1935 Under leave to extend my remarks, I 11,500 landowners and operators in the
the Society for the Restoration of Mount insert this article In the Appendix of the development and application of conser-
Carmel was formed. The society restored RECORD. vation plans.
the main buildings and the chapel. This The article follows: sponsored three s small in Vermont have
historical landmark, through the generosity ects that are in water sage and proj-
of its members, will no doubt be pFAMILIES TAKE PART IN VOICES cots that are in the planning stage and a
o maintained as a priceless relic permanent-
Colonial HAMPDEN, CONN.-Soon Sp4c. Richard E. fourth one on which construction will
lylmi n line. Schenk, Jr., of 195 Dorrance Street, will come begin this year. In addition, the White
Tke original convent buildings and 14 into camp from the jungles of South Viet- River District is a sponsor of the White
outdoor stations of convent cross and the and
large nam after long hours of guard duty. He River resource conservation and develop-the crucifix have been erected on the historical will be wet, tired, hungry, and homesick. meet project, one of the original 10 such
site. But in a few more minutes he and some 300
TWO OLDEST CHURCHES other boys In similar situations will for- projects authorized in the Nation.
The hof two of the oldest churches, get about the discomforts of combat duty Soil and water conservation districts
one The histories ilt it and the other Prot ld estcht E is and be quickly transferred back to their in Vermont and the men who govern
o
copal, with past of ne Care closely the td other est p wives, sweethearts and parents via a project them can well be proud of their record
Port Tobacco, Md. St. Ignatius Catholic called
The project, sponsored by the Greater New their work and wish them Godspeed in
Parish at Chapel Point, where Port Tobacco Haven Junior Chamber of Commerce in con- the days ahead.
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 10, 1966
junction with the New England Area USO
in Boston, took place February 11-12. Radio
stations WELI, WAVZ, WNHC, and WDEE
supplied the tape-recording facilities, the
Jaycees manned the tapes, the USO sup-
plied the tapes, and loved ones supplied the
Voices.
"'Voices to Vietnam' was a great success,"
said Lt. George Singleton, cochairman of the
project along with Lyall Scholz. "We had a
great response and the families that took
part were extremely grateful," he told news-
men.
"This was the first time such a project was
tried in this area," said David Opton, vice
president of the Jaycees. Hope is that the
entire Nation will catch on and sponsor
similar projects, said Singleton.
Salute to Conservation District Leaders
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ROBERT T. STAFFORD
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
March 10, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD APPENDIX
t~ward the lottery concept are moving
west.` The article in question, written
by Caspar Weinberger, a former Cali-
fornia State GOP chairman, indicates
that California may well follow in the
footsteps of New York by adopting the
idea of a State-run lottery.
Like Mr. Weinberger, I feel that the
lottery device is just starting to build
up momentum in the United States. I
hope that the lottery trend, as evinced
by the growing sentiments for State lot-
teries, will soon culminate in a national
lottery. A national lottery is just the
painless revenue device America needs.
THAT NOTION" OF A LOTTERY KEEPS Loo$ING
BETTER
(By Caspar W. Weinberger)
Srtangely enough, there has been no talk
yet of a State lottery by any of those charged
with the responsibility for raising and spend-
ing the money for California's increasingly
expensive government.
When such expedients as finding new
labels for tax increases and changing book-
keeping methods to show cash in the treasury
that is not there are utilized, one would
think a simple cash-producing scheme that
taxes only those who volunteer to be taxed
would be favorably received.
This. seems particularly true when it Is
remembered that New Hampshire, one of the
Nation's most fiscally conservative States,
has had a modest success with their lottery,
arld that New York's Legislature, for the
second straight year, approved a lottery pro-
posal 2 weeks ago that will go on the
ballot this November.
The New York proposal, which was over-
whelmingly passed by both legislative houses,
seeks voter approval of a State constitutional
amendment authorizing a State lottery with
all net proceeds earmarked for additional
State. aid to the New York public school
syste,
It the voters approve, then the 1967 legis-
lature will decide whether to have a straight
drawing, or to tie the lottery to a horse-
racing sweepstakes such as is the practice
in New Hampshaire, England, and many
other areas. New York lottery sponsors esti-
mate that as much as $400 million would be
earned for their schools if the measure
passes.
State lotteries as a means of raising gov-
ernmental revenues are of course nothing
new. Some of the first buildings for Harvard
College were built with proceeds of Massa-
chusetts lotteries, and It was the proud boast
of England's Prime Minister, Henry Adding-
ton, in 1802 that his budget contained
proposals for "overwhelming the lottery so
their education funds, and, thus far at
least, there has been neither dishonesty nor
any increase in crime generally in the
Granite State.
A lottery is much like other governmental
activity: it can be run honestly, or it can
be a source for graft, depending on the
people in charge, and the care and skill of
those responsible for watching the managers.
As a revenue-producing instrument, it has
some unique features. Some call it "tax-
ation for the foolish"; others say it is "the
only form of voluntary taxation," The fact
that it offers the State the opportunity to
gather in a substantial amount of additional
revenue for schools, or other governmental
activities, from only those voters who wish to
contribute, makes it certain that our repre-
sentatives will be watching the New York
election results this fall with great interest.
If New York's voters adopt their lottery
proposal, it seems safe to predict that the
next California legislative session will have
before it numerous bills asking us to follow
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN 0. MARSH, JR.
OF `VIRGINIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. MARSH. Mr. Speaker, as we
came to the Chamber of this House to-
day, many of us had in mind, I am sure,
the news, both inspiring and sadden-
ing, of the stand of an Army special
forces unit-the men of the Green
Berets-and their mountain tribe allies,
the Morttagnards, in a remote sector of
the Vietnam war.
My information, I should emphasize,
is based. completely on press and radio
accounts emanating from Vietnam, but it
seems evident that fewer than 20 Amer-
icans, including a basic special forces
team, and several hundred of the moun-
tain men they were assigned to advise
and assist, fought; off for 2 days or more a
regular unit of the Army of North Viet-
nam approaching regimental strength.
The efforts of our own forces to relieve
this beleleaguered camp apparently were
hampered by unfavorable weather, and
the evacuation operations were charac-
that It yielded 20 percent more revenue and terized, according to news reports, by a
offered less opportunities for cheating." dramatic rescue of the pilot of a downed
England, Ireland, and other countries build aircraft through the resourcefulness and
the proceeds intain of their modern hospital lotteries." systems with courage of the pilot of an accompanying
the lane.
American experiences with the lottery fol- p.
lowing the Civil War, particularly in Louis- It seems evident that special forces
Jana and other Southern States, were so un- personnel, as well as their allies-moun-
happy that by 1900 enough people said tarn tribesmen who may not have an un-
"Never again" so that there were no more derstanding of sophisticated democratic
lotteries until New Hampshire's sweepstakes government but who have shown that
began 2 years ago. The difficulty was they know the basic meaning of free-
primarily dishonest private operators who dam-were willing and ready to fight to
were given contracts to run State drawings,
coupled with wholly inadequate State super- the death against overwhelming odds.
vision. While we mourn today the fates of all,
The, absurd California initiative scheme but the few who survived as the evac-
of 1964, with its proposal to give a private uated wounded. in this operation, and
group the sole right to run a lottery for an share of the grief of their dependents,
enormous profit, undoubtedly contributed we can take pride in the determination
also to the widespread public feeling that and capacity of American fighting men
there is bound to be something dishonest,
if not positively encouraging to criminal ele- to give their best--men who understand,
ments in a lottery. in almost all cases, why they are engaged,
However, New Hampshire has not had this despite the efforts of some individuals
experience. While their sweepstakes is not here at home to denigrate our national
bringing in as much revenue as expected, commitment and the value of the in-
it has produced a substantial addition to dividual sacrifices being made daily by
A1361
the men of all of our Armed Forces, who
are performing in the best traditions of
our military history.
Slavs Early Pioneers of Maryland
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROGERS C. B. MORTON
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. MORTON. Mr. Speaker, Mary-
land, as the cradle of the religious lib-
erty of our great country, is continuously
surprising us with many discoveries from
contributions from many nations.
An interesting article about the Slavs
as pioneers of Maryland appeared in the
February 1966 issue of Children's
Friend-Priatel Dietok-official organ of
the youth members of the Slovak Cath-
olic Sokol of America, and I will have it
printed at this point in the CONGRES-
SIONAL RECORD:
SLAVS EARLY PIONEERS OF MARYLAND
(By John C. Sciranka)
In my article on the successors of SS. Cyril
and Methodius, who brought the Christian
heritage of these two apostles to America,
published by Congressman DERWINSiI in the
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, I have mentioned
some Slav pioneers who labored in Maryland.
Among them was Father Farar, one of the
first Jesuit professors there.
In order to gather the data for my articles.,
on the Slovaks and the Slavs in Maryland,
which is known as a cradle of religious liberty
in the United States, the writer had an unex-
pected plasure to visit Waldorf, Md., during
the weekend of October 25, 1957, and I
learned a great deal about the rich history of
Charles County, which celebrated its 300th
anniversary in 1958. Waldorf is situated
only 20 miles south of Washington, D.C. I
learned about the glory of Port Tobacco. No
area in the Nation is richer historically or
more interesting and picturesque than this,
one of the oldest permanent settlements in
North America as an English-speaking town,
Its history dates from a few years after the
founding of Maryland in 1634. More and
more of the English settlers came to the Port
Tobacco region, and they soon founded a
town. At first they called it Chandlerstown,
after the first settler, Job Chandler. Later
its name was changed to Port Tobacco on ac-
count, as some think, of tobacco being its
chief,product and an important commodity,
since Charles County was established in 1658.
In spite of the fact that tobacco is linked with
the history of the county, the historians
claim that Port Tobacco does not owe its
name to the magic weed. Their claim is
that the name is an anglicized version of
the Indian word "Pertafacco," "Potopaco," or
"Potobac" commonly descriptive of the
town's location "between the hills." His-
torians claim that Port Tobacco's history goes
back even more than 300 years. The Indian
village of Potobac occupied the site in 1808
when Capt. John Smith visited there.
Others claim that the Spanish explorers, a
century before, probably sailed their ships
up Port Tobacco River because they were
known to be in that vicinity then.
CONVERSION OF INDIAN QUEEN BY FATHER
WHITE
There Is so much interesting history here
that one would have to write a series of
articles. rbr instance Maryland's first his-
torian, Father Andrew White, S.J., made his
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
 March, 10, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX A1365
It is an effort to dramatize individual free-
dom as guaranteed by the Constitution.
It is encouraging to find an organization
like Kiwan.is undertaking a program of such
scope. We hope there will be widespread
support both inside and outside the club
ranks. With freedom threatened on all sides,
all Americans need to examine their coun-
try's history and rededicate themselves to the
principles and documents which brought it
Containing Communism Asian
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. JOHN R. HANSEN
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. HANSEN of Iowa, Mr. Speaker,
all through its history, America's word
has been its bond.
It has been a bond that we have hon-
ored over and over again when the free-
dom of men has been threatened,
Business Week magazine, in a recent
editorial, called attention to that fact.
It notes most vividly that this country
long ago chose to make a stand against a
war of national liberation in Vietnam.
The magazine stated:
if wp now withdraw-or abandon most of
the country to the Vietcong by retiring to
enclaves-we would cast doubt on the firm-
ness of our defense commitments around the
world, most of them directed against Com-
munist aggression.
Furthermore, it believes-and outlines
why it- believes-that we can halt Com-
munist expansion in Vietnam if we do not
abandon the fight.
The Business Week editorial makes a
number of very logical points, and I
would like for my colleagues to have the
benefit of them. I therefore include the
article in the Appendix. of the RECORD:
CONTAINING COMMUNISM ASIAN STYLE
Gradually the situation in Vietnam looks
more hopeful for the United States. But no
early end of the war is in sight, and critics of
our conunitment are asking evermore loudly
why we are fighting-.and whether it is worth
the sacrifices,
The United States Is in Vietnam for two
basic and related reasons: first, to thwart a
Communist war of national liberation, and
thus to discourage similar attempts at Com-
munist takeover in other countries, and sec-
ond, to contain the expansion of Communist
China's power and influence.
Vietnam is a major test of the technique
of guerrilla fighting and political organiza-
tion in rural areas that was perfected by
Mao Tee-tung in China. It is clear that suc-
cess in Vietnam would encourage similar
guerrilla wars elsewhere, just as the Cuban
revolution stirred a series of revolutionary
attempts and widespread political unrest in
Latin America.
It is not necessary to subscribe to the
"domino theory"-the notion that the fall of
Vietnam would be followed by Communist
takeovers in quick succession in other south-
east Asian countries-to understand that
the United States has a vital interest in
halting wars of this kind. Though the
United States is not directly threatened in
Vietnam, it is obvious that U.S. security is
diminished by any expansion of the Com-
munist bloc.
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
This is not to say that we must intervene
in any and all upheavals led or supported
by Communists around'the world. But we
have chosen to make a stand against a war
of national liberation in Vietnam. If we
now withdrew-or abandoned most of the
country to the Vietcong by retiring to en-
claves-we would cast doubt on the firmness
of our defense commitments around the
world, most of them directed against Com-
munist aggression.
HOLDING CHINA IN LINE
The war in Vietnam is also part of a long-
term effort to contain the expansion of Com-
munist China, dating back to the Korean
war. Peiping 'is supporting North Viet-
nam and the Vietcong guerrillas as part of its
announced campaign to foment wars of
liberation throughout Asia, Africa, and
Latin America. If it succeeds in Vietnam,
governments in southeast Asia that face the
threat of similar wars would feel that they
have little alternative but to come to terms
with Communist China.
Containment of Chinese aggression is the
only possible basis for establishing peace and
stability in Asia. As long as Peiping is able
to continue expanding its power and in-
fluence by aggression, it will have no reason
for seeking a peaceful accommodation with
its neighbors. The some was true in Europe,
where the United States successfully fol-
lowes a policy of containment in dealing
with the Soviet Union. The peace in Eu-
rope today, and whatever prospects there are
for a detente between the United States and
the Soviets, are the fruits of that effort.
To be sure, Asia is not Europe. In Viet-
nam, we must help to build a viable govern-
ment and society at the same time that we
help to fight a guerrilla war. But our basic
goal of containing Communist expansion is
the same.
THE WAR HAS ITS LIMITS
There are risks in this policy, of course, It
has been argued that the conflict in Vietnam
is an open-ended war, with no visible limits
to its scale or duration. Actually, limita-
tions are imposed on the Vietnamese war by
the nature of the fighting and the terrain.
The ability of the North Vietnamese to aid
the Vietcong guerrillas is limited by their
capacity to infiltrate men and move supplies
over long, rugged trails.
Hanoi could expand the war by launching
a conventional attack on South Vietnam
with its army of 250,000 men. But it is un-
likely to take this course, since overt aggres-
sion of this kind would expose its cities and
industries to retaliatory bombing.
Even more remote is the risk of open, Chi-
nese Intervention. As the Korean war dem-
onsrtated, the Chinese might intervene if
the United States threatened to destroy the
North Vietnamese regime. President John-
son has repeatedly ruled out any such in-
tention. Despite Peiping's violent language,
there is no sign that China will attack as
long as the fighting is confined to the south.
They would have a great deal to lose by in-
tervening. And it is doubtful that they
could count on Soviet support.
Thus the Vietnamese conflict is not the
kind of land war in Asia that U.S. military
men have long warned against. We are not
fighting hordes of Asian troops. The masses
of troops, in fact, are on our side: some
575,000 South Vietnamese, 200,000 Americans,
20,000 South Koreans, and more coming,
against a Communist strength of about
90,000 regular troops and 110,000 guerrillas.
At some point, Hanoi and the Vietcong will
have to recognize that they cannot win. It
is impossible to predict whether they will
then decide to negotiate, or whether they will
continue to fight on a diminishing scale, per-
haps for years. But there is every reason to
believe that we can halt Communist expan-
sion in Vietnam if we do not abandon the
fight.
Message Hailed
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JACOB H. GILBERT
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday,. March 10, 1966
Mr. GILBERT. Mr. Speaker, an arti-
cle in the New York Times of March 3 in-
dicates that President Johnson's pro-
posals on transportation might solve one
of the American merchant marine's basic
problems-its inability to compete effec-
tively with foreign shipping.
The article by Werner Bamberger
states:
Maritime industry sources envisioned im-
mediate and much more rapid progress as a
result of the President's directive to the Sec-
retary of Commerce to conduct a three-part
study of advanced vessel concepts.
The informative . article is of impor-
tance, and with this in mind I am offer-
ing it for publication in the Appendix of
the RECORD:
JOHNSON MESSAGE PLEASES SHIP MEN
(By Werner Bamberger)
President Johnson's message to Congress
yesterday on transportation appears to prom-
ise a concerted application of modern tech-
nology to one of the American merchant
marine's basic 'problems-its inability, be-
cause of higher operating costs, to compete
effectively with foreign shipping.
Maritime industry sources envisioned im-
mediate and much more rapid progress as a
result of the President's directive to the Sec-
tary of Commerce to conduct a three-part
study of advanced vessel concepts.
The study will include:
Research, development, and planning of
high-speed, large-capacity ships, devoted
primarily to transporting preloaded con-
tainers.
Research on an ocean-going air-cushion
vessel capable of skimming over the water at
speeds of more than 100 knots.
Continued exploration of the application
of nuclear propulsion to merchant ships.
The Secretary of Commerce, President
Johnson said, will be joined in this study
by the Secretary of Defense, the President's
scientific adviser, and the Atomic Energy
Commission.
PENTAGON PROGRAM CITED
Their work, in part, Mr. Johnson said, is
to be guided by the example set recently
by the Department of Defense in its fast de-
ployment logistics ship program. Mr. John-
son noted that "this concept introduces to
the maritime field the same systems ap-
proach that has proved so successful in other
defense and aerospace programs."
The fast deployment logistics ship pro-
gram calls for an initial procurement of 15
vessels. They would essentially be cargo
ships with facilities for the handling of roll-
on and rolloff cargo and cargo in containers.
Another feature of the vessels, of which as
many as 40 may be ordered, is a helicopter
landing platform. The helicopters could be
used to load or unload cargo containers.
Industry observers noted that the three
areas of study Outlined by President John-
son were not virgin territory. They said
considerable work in these areas had already
been done by private industry and the Fed-
eral Government.
REPLACEMENT PROGRAMS
They noted that the building of fast, large
container-carrying ships, either convention-
ally powered or nuclear-powered, figured
Approved For Release 2005/06/29: CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
A1366 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 10, 1966
prominently in the fleet- replacement pro-
grams of some subsidized American steam-
ship lines.
They also recalled that the Maritime Ad-
ministration several years ago had under-
taken a feasibility study of an ocean-going
cargo-carrying surface effects ship-a vessel
that rides on an air cushion. That study
showed that such a craft showed sufficient
promise to warrant further research.
Only one sentence In the merchant marine
portion of the President's transportation
message appeared to mystify the industry,
the statement that "after years of U.S. lead-
ership, maritime technology in other coun-
tries has caught up with and, in some in-
stances, surpassed our own."
SIZE OF CREWS
The general feeling of the maritime in-
dustry was that American shipping tech-
nology compared most favorably with that of
other nations. But one source suggested
that perhaps in one practical application of
ship automation-reduction in crew sizes-
more rapid progress had been made abroad.
This Interpretation was based in part on
another shipping reference in the President's
message:
"It is not good enough when public and
private investors pour $15 million into a
large, high-speed ship-only to watch it re-
main idle in port for days before it is loaded."
This, in the view of the maritime industry,
was a reference to the new and highly auto-
mated $12 million cargo ship Elizabeth
Lykes. The vessel has been idle since Janu-
ary 22 at New Orleans in a dispute between
her owners, Lykes Bros. Steamship Co., Inc.,
and the Marine Engineers Beneficial Associa-
tion.
The company contends the vessel can be
operated with five engineer officers. The
union Is insisting on six.
President Johnson also declared that he
would submit legislation to improve meas-
ures and guarantees of financial responsi-
bility on the part of owners and operators
of passenger-carrying vessels sailing from
U.S. ports.
Rhodesian Press Fights for Freedom
HON. JOHN E. MOSS
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Ma MOSS. Mr. Speaker, with the rise
of dictatorships, large and small, in our
troubled world it has been axiomatic that
the free press is among the first institu-
tions to come under stern government
control. We are today witnessing this
familiar drama in Rhodesia where a mili-
tantly free press is making a valiant
fight for its very existence. An excellent
editorial in the February 26, 1966, Sacra-
mento (Calif.) Bee describes some of the
battle. The editorial follows:
RHODESIA MAKES IDEA INTO A SAVAGE ANIMAL
Rhodesia under the insurrectionist white
government of Ian Smith is blazing proof
that inequality leads swiftly to the whole
apparatus of totalitarianism abuses.
The Smith government has undertaken to
impose the wishes of about 250,000 whites on
some 2 million disfranchised blacks. Could
press censorship follow far behind? It could
not, because the freedom of the press in-
variably is one of the first casualties of un-
democratic government.
Rhodesia has many savage beasts and In-
sects, most notably the leopard, lion, and
white ant. Another has been added.- It is
truth.
Smith's government did not waste much
time in moving censors into newspaper of-
fices and the cruel, regressive word, "cen-
sored", killed story after story.
A press created In the tradition of freedom
did not surrender easily, if at all.. Its first
reprisal was to leave white the space which
would have been filled by the censored story
so all the readers would know they were read-
ing a captive press, albeit a press which was
fighting back.
Now the Rhodesian Government has or-
dered that the white spaces be filled in by
the newspaper itself. It was goaded to this
action in no small part by.the weekly mag-
azine, the Central African Examiner. This
periodical in the spirit of satire and scorn
offered prizes to its readers to fill the empty
columns.
John Parker, news editor of the Sunday
Mail in Rhodesia, has been in and out of
prison for his steadfast refusal to divulge
sources of a story the Government disliked.
The Rhodesian Guild of Journalists has
maintained a continuing struggle for its lost
liberties in the tradition of their nation's
militantly free press.
It all sounds like the most primitive of
setbacks in man's march to freedom. The
Smith government seeks to justify its policy
on the ground some articles would incite
bloodshed since they would not be' fully
comprehended by the colored people.
The Rhodesian blacks understand only too
well what is happening and censorship only
confirms this understanding. What is Im-
portant for the world to comprehend is that
no nation and no society can break with
democracy without opening the doors to all
the ugly elements of dictatorship.
VFW Award for Outstanding Public
Service
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN M. MURPHY
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr.
Speaker, at the Veterans of Foreign Wars
dinner on March 8, the Honorable EvER-
ETT MCKINLEY DIRKSEN, minority leader
of the U.S. Senate, received the VFW
Award for Outstanding Public Service.
As is usual his address in accepting this
award was in keeping with the highest
traditions of American statesmanship.
Under the leave to extend my remarks
in the RECORD, I include his address:
REMARKS OF HON. EVERETT MCKINLEY DIRK-
SF.N, MINORITY LEADER, U.S. SENATE, AC-
CEPTING THE VFW AWARD FOR OUTSTANDING
PUBLIC SERVICE
1: am honored to be your guest. I am dou-
bly honored with your award for outstanding
public service. 1. can only hope that in mod-
est measures, I merit this expression of es-
teem and confidence on the part of a great,
farllung, patriotic organization.
The character and activities of the VFW
give this award special significance and
meaning to me. I am a member of the VFW
post in my native city in Illinois. But over
a third of a century of service in the Nation's
Capital, there has been ample opportunity
to observe the work of your organization.
Year by year, I become increasingly im-
pressed with your unselfish and patriotic
service to the Nation.
Fidelity to him who has born the battle
and to his widow and orphan has been your
foremost concern. Always, you have valiant-
ly championed the cause of those who served
and sacrificed-so many of whom will all
their days carry the ineffaceable marks of
conflict.
Year in and year out, you have counseled
that this Nation remain strong for only
strength compels respect and generates pres-
tige.
With rare diligence, you have been in the
forefront in supporting policies designed to
resist and stay the forces, of godless com-
munism.
Old fashioned and amusing as it may seem
to the cynics and scoffers of our time, you
have steadfastly asserted the principles of
the Declaration of Independence and the
freedoms established by the Constitution,
knowing that therein lies the last best hope
for preserving those ideals and principles.
Reverently have you taken to heart the
kinship of the uniform and the sanctity of
that fellowship, with those who wore it, with
those who wear it now, and those who may
be called upon to wear it in some future
day.
Who then, great human segment of Amer-
ica that you are, more richly merits the right
to a strong voice in finding solutions for the
baffling problems which beset our land and
especially those which affect our national
security? Who can bring to these problems
a greater competence and understanding
than you who have served your country
abroad and have been ever mindful of the
Nation's future in a world that is aglow with
fever and turbulence?
These are troubled times. These are days
for prayerful concern for the cause of free-
dom and representative government. These
are days when superficial thinking, polite
nonsense, misguided views, and unfounded
hopes can divert us from the business at
hand.
That business Is grim and undramatic.
When it was proposed that Theodore Roose-
velt be permitted to lead a division in World
War I, it was President Wilson who vetoed
the idea with this laconic observation. He
said, "The business in hand is undramatic."
And so it was. And so it is today.
Men write and speak so glibly of hawks
and doves in assessing the present scene.
How quaint in a world beset with ugly fevers
and terrors in which young Americans, who
in the language of Colonel McRae in the
conflict in which I served, "lived, felt dawn,
saw sunset flow," and, now stand on freedom's
frontier in far-off jungles should speak of
doves? How odd, that men should so glibly
write and speak of these as hawks because
they seek to assert our prestige, carry out
our solemn pledges, fulfill our treaty respon-
sibilities, and give heed to the Macedonian
cry of a weak and defenseless people.
But where is the American eagle in this
strange lore of doves and hawks-that ma-
jestic bird who so truly symbolizes our hopes,
our will, our strength, our purpose, and who
knows the grandeur of freedom.
Consider for a moment just why young
Americans fight and die in the tropic heat,
the malaria-laden jungles and the monsoon
mud, thousands of miles from home.
They serve to keep our word and redeem
our pledges. They serve to give meaning to
our treaty obligations. They serve freedom
in a shrunken world, knowing that freedom
is an indivisible boon to mankind. They
serve to stay the ugly force of aggression.
Foggy and inconclusive thinking can al-
ways generate strange, unsound, and dis-
astrous courses of action for the Nation to
follow.
They speak of withdrawal and of retreat.
They but sound the uncertain trumpet which
leads to disaster.
They speak of the wrong war in the wrong
place. I know of no. better evidence that we
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
 A1380
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 10, 1966
Employees Separated After June 30, 1965,
To Receive Severance Pay
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, I have
today introduced a bill which would
provide a retroactive effective date of
July 1, 1965, for the severance pay pro-
visions of the Federal Employees Salary
Act of 1965. Under the present law,
only those Federal employees who are
involuntarily separated from their em-
ployment on or after October 29, 1965,
the effective date of the act, are entitled
to the benefits of severance pay. Upon
closer observation this humane law,
noble in purpose, turns out to exclude
from its protection many of those whom
it was intended to benefit. I am sure
that the Congress never intended it that
way and it would seem that a change in
the law is in order to give it the intended
effect.
Several instances of injustice under
the severance pay provisions of the Fed-
eral Employees Salary Act of 1965 re-
cently came to my attention. I am told
that there are many other Federal em-
ployees who are similarly affected ad-
versely by the present law. In one case,
-a 23-year employee of the New York
Naval Shipyard was separated from his
employment on October 1, 1965, and in
another case an 18-year employee of the
shipyard was separated from his em-
ployment on October 10, 1965. Both
were separated because of a reduction in
force resulting from an order of base
closure. Neither of these employees is
eligible for severance pay benefits under
the present law, while other separated
employees with substantially less years
of service to their credit are eligible for
severance pay because they happen to
have been separated subsequent to Octo-
ber 29, 1965, the, effective date of the
law. This is neither fair nor is it rea-
sonable, and I am sure the Congress
never intended the law to operate in
that manner.
Tinder my bill, all Federal employees
who are otherwise eligible for severance
pay benefits would be entitled to them
if they were separated from their em-
ployment on or after July 1, 1965. My
bill would establish the same effective
date for severance pay benefits as is pro-
vided in the same act for relocation ex-
pense benefits to postal employees.
Under present law, postal employees
who are transferred or relocated from
one official station to another are en-
titled to relocation expense benefits.
These relocation benefits are available
to all eligible postal employees who were
relocated or transferred on or after July
1, 1965. There seems to be no valid
reason why the same July 1, 1965, date
should not?also be the effective date for
severance pay benefits., The same rea-
sons that compel a July 1, 1965, effective
date for relocation benefits to postal
employees operate with equal cogency in
the case of severance pay benefits for
Federal employees.
Fair play demands that we amend
present law to extend severance pay ben-
efits to all eligible Federal employees
who were separated from their employ-
ment on or after July 1, 1965. My bill
does not enlarge the basis for determin-
ing whether or not an employee is eli-
gible for these benefits, This determi-
They Fight Battles, Too
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN M. MURPHY
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr.
Speaker, under leave to extend my re-
marks in the RECORD, I include the fol-
lowing editorial from the New York Her-
ald Tribune of March 8, 1966.
The editorial staff of the Herald Trib-
une is this particular editorial points up
one of the most significant aspects of the
escalation in this combat area. The es-
calation which has been blamed on the
United States should be blamed on the
North Vietnamese and the Vietcong.
The fact that battalion regimental size
units have engaged American troops in
the field certainly points out this is not
just a guerrilla operation.
The editorial follows:
THEY FIGHT BATTLES, Too
Much of the reporting of the Vietnamese
war has tended to emphasize the little skir-
mish, the role of the individual soldier or
the platoon. Many of the headlines have
been preempted by air raids over North Viet-
nam. Opponents of the American role in
southeast Asia talk as if that role consisted
of killing women and children while shower-
ing napalm on peaceful villages. But they
fight battles in Vietnam, too.
This was illustrated by the account of the
success achieved by the Marines and the
South Vietnamese troops against a North
Vietnamese regiment near Quang Nai. Ap-
parently, half the regiment were casualties
and the rest, in the words of a Marine offi-
cer, "just survivors." - And General West-
moreland confirmed the picture of real bat-
tles and real victories when, almost casually,
he referred to four regular Vietcong bat-
talions destroyed in the last few days.
This is an impressive toll. It has been
customary to state Vietcong losses in terms
of "body count"-a grisly method which was
necessitated in part by the guerrilla nature
of much of the fighting-enemy units dis-
solving into the jungle to reform-and in
part by public skepticism over communiques
might tell of routed enemies but were far
from precise about what the rout actually
meant.
But in plain fact, it is possible to win vic-
tories, even over guerrillas, and fairly crush-
ing ones at that. No matter how loose a
military organization may be, no matter to
what extent it normally lives off the coun-
try, once it gets past the snipe-and-run stage,
it must have bases, it must have assembly
areas, it must have some kind of command
and supply organization. The Vietcong are
mustered into units, and those units can be
smashed, uprooted from their usual sources
of supply, out off from the higher command.
When that happens, although there may be
many survivors, they are not effective-
until they can regroup, be brought up to
strength and given new leadership. And if
they are hustled enough, such a reorganiza-
tion may not be possible.
It is this kind of defeat that the Vietcong
seems to have been suffering, at an accelerat-
ing rate, in the past few months. And it is
this kind of defeat that can enable the vital
political and social role of pacification to be
undertaken with a chance of success. Vic-
tories can be won in Vietnam-and they are
being won now, Senator FULBRIGHT to the
contrary notwithstanding.
Timely Safety Proposal
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, in a
recent editorial, the Pittsburgh Press
notes the need for a broad Federal pro-
gram on highway safety. Commenting
on the President's transportation mes-
sage the editorial said "the President
got down to brass tacks. He wants Fed-
eral standards in driver education and
licensing. Better traffic control tech-
niques. Cars designed and engineered
to be safer. Better tires, safer high-
ways."
All of us are concerned with a traffic
death toll which averages a thousand
lives a week.
Under leave to extend my remarks I
ask that the Press editorial of March 5,
1966 be included at this point in the
RECORD.
TIMELY SAFETY PROPOSAL
President Johnson's message to Congress
on transportation was really two separate
and extensive proposals which only happened
to fall together.
One was a long-range plan for bringing
together in one new cabinet department all
Government agencies dealing with trans-
portation-by highway, air, rail, and water.
The President has some justification for his
request; as he says, our transportation sys-
tem is the web of our Union and it has grown
without coordination.
Today the Federal Government spends
about $6 billion a year on transport
matters and 100,000 Federal employees work
at it, scattered in numerous agencies.
Probably greater efficiency would follow a
consolidation of this effort into one depart-
ment, but there will be good arguments on
both sides of its creation and the question
is not likely to be quickly resolved.
But as to the second part of Mr. Johnson's
message, there should be little argument as
to the need and urgency. That is for a
broad Federal program on highway safety.
No other necessity of modern life, said
the President, has brought more convenience
to the American people-or more tragedy-
than the auto. More Americans have died in
auto accidents than have been killed in all
our wars.
The President got down to brass tacks.
He .wants Federal standards in driver educa-
tion and licensing. Better traffic control
techniques. Cars designed - and engineered
to be safer, Better tires. Safer highways.
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
March 10, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
warrant an even larger allocation at the- end
of the year to each participating electric
cooperative.
So, I speak to you as one who has been
through this and has found this a very ef-
fective way of obtaining money.
. I want to thank you for this opportunity
of presenting my views to you today. I again
point out that in my opinion the big issue
for your organization is not on whether or
not you can continue to obtain government
money at a 2-per6ent interest rate. I believe
you can at about the present level. More
'Important is whether you can obtain the
necessary expansion capital which will be
needed by your organizations in the next 15
years, if you are to grow apace with the pri-
vate utilities here in -America. As I have
indicated, all of my projections fail to show
adequate funding potential for you at the
2-percent rate. You alone must know
whether or not a supplementary method of
obtaining financing is needed beyond hav-
ing each Individual electric association apply
for its own expansion funds at some local
level. If the experience of other cooperatives
is a criteria, then it would be well for you
to join together in the formation of the Fed-
eral Bank for Rural Electric Systems.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. BURT L. TALCOTT
OF CAWFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. TALCOZT. Mr. Speaker, pro-
foundly dynamic ideas underlie our gov-
ernmental and economic system. Our
forefathers recognized what individuals
could and would accomplish when they
were afforded the opportunity in a so-
ciety freed from governmental shackles.
The essence of our federal system is the
subordination of governmental power to
that of the individual. Giving the in-
dividual the opportunity and the respon-
sibility for his own development released
the creative capacities of men to an ex-
tent hitherto undreamed of.
Realizing the potential of our eco-
nomic system and democratic form of
Government, we rightly wonder why so
many of the newly independent nations
of the world seem to look to communism
and state socialism as the fastest routes
to material abundance and fulfillment of
their national aspirations. The answer
Is obviously threefold: First, the very
aggressive methods used by Communists
to further communism; second, the fail-
ure of the free world to present its be-
liefs in a manner readily understood and
applied; third, the failure of everyone
to recognize the danger posed by the
Communist philosophy.
Despite the increasing loss of men and
countries to Communist dictatorship, it
appears that few Americans, even in high
governmental positions, are sufficiently
aware of the stated goal of commu-
nism-world domination-and the
methods designed to achieve this goal.
How many persons know what is meant
by dfalectical materialism? How many
realize that words to Communists have
meanings completely different from our
meanings? - -
Too many people hate communism-
almost a kneejerk reaction to the
word-without knowing or understand-
ing communism.
Communism is repugnant to every-
thing I hold dear, my family, my church,
my country, the individual human being,
the free enterprise system of doing busi-
ness, free representative government.
But I cannot oppose it intelligently or
fight it effectively if I do not fully under-
stand it.
Just as we cannot fight a disease if we
do not thoroughly understand it, we can-
not defend ourselves or our institutions
against communism if we do not under-
stand its history, objectives, language,
mechanics, techniques, and methods.
Nowhere at present is there a reposi-
tory of research materials on com-
munism and the insidious subversive
tactics its proponents and followers have
developed. Nowhere can a private citi-
zen who is moving to an overseas post
take a course to equip himself to perceive
Communist activity or to tell the story
of free enterprise and democracy. No
present institution can educate govern-
ment policymakers and employees in
Communist theory and practices. Quali-
fied teachers are in short supply. We
actually do not have enough competent
teachers of Communist techniques and
tactics to teach the teachers.
This crying inadequacy has placed the
United States far behind the Com-
munists in the race between freedom and
communism. The tale of the hare and
the tortoise is somewhat analogous ex-
cept that many persons in this country
do not even realize that we are In such a
race. Conversely, too many of our citi-
zens believe- that we can retreat into our
shell and be protected from Communist
aggression and subversion. This attitude
should convince even the most dubious
that the free world must shake itself free
from a lethargy which could lull it into
oblivion.
Mr. Speaker, an extensive Communist
program for training agents is well doc-
umented. The State Department has
supplied the Congress with Information
verifying the operation of seven schools
of political warfare in the Soviet Union,
nine in East Germany, nine in Cuba,
four in Czechoslovakia, three in Hun-
gary, and two in Bulgaria. Meanwhile,
Red China has specialized in training
Latin American and African Commu-
nists. I am not aware of any published
statistics on the Chinese-sponsored
schools. However, the present leader-
ship in Ghana announced the closing of
a Communist school for subversives
which had the blessing of former Premier
Nkrumah. Even when faced with the
fact of these schools which turn out
thousands of operatives trained in mob
violence, subversion, destruction, and
terrorism too many of us want to carry
on "business as usual."
The need to understand this godless
philosophy is so great and urgent that
we should immediately embark on a
crash program to systematize our knowl-
edge of it and then convert this knowl-
edge into the most effective media for
instructing all Americans oil all ages
about this menace. - -
A1379
Secondly, we must develop counter-
Communist methods. The most creative
minds available should be set to work on
this challenge. Our Foreign Service per-
sonnel, employees of American businesses
abroad, and even tourists could profit
from training in countercommunism.
Many believe that the Voice of Amer-
ica should be sufficient for telling the
world about America- and its beliefs.
While no objective tests can measure the
effectiveness of the Voice, the advance of
communism since World War II suggests
that we need many more and better
weapons.
Mr. Speaker, we will lose the struggle
with communism by default unless we
awaken to the danger, arouse our citi-
zenry, and arm ourselves. The major
battlefields will be in the minds of men.
The most effective weapons will be ideo-
logical, buttressed by better methods of
presentation.
For many years, some dedicated Amer-
icans have been working for the estab-
lishment of a Freedom Commission and
Freedom Academy. Its purposes are the
attainment of a thorough and complete
understanding of communism; the de-
velopment of methods to learn about and
combat the effective tactics of the Com-
munists; the dissemination of tech-
nical information on the true character
of communism-both at home and
abroad; and the education and training
of governmental and private individuals
in the new science of countercommu-
nism.
I have introduced a bill, H.R. 13177,
which edntains some revisions agreed to
by framers of earlier legislation and some
revisions of my own. I trust my bill will
serve as a springboard to a final version
which will be enacted. The bill ad-
mittedly needs perfection.
My bill would establish a Freedom
Commission to collect and assemble cur-
rent information and knowledge on com-
munism and its methods and to devise
effective means for countering commu-
nism.
My bill also authorizes the Commission
to establish a Freedom Academy, similar
in some respects to our service academies,
to educate and train persons in the newly
developed science of countercommunism.
I anticipate that the Academy would be a
specialized graduate institution.
The Academy would be a technical re-
search and training institution. It
would not be a counterinsurgency agency
or an arm of the military or State
Department.
I have introduced this bill partly to
give meaning and purpose to the out-
standing and dedicated work of a group
of Salinas, Calif., Jaycees who have be-
come concerned about the inadequate
research materials, knowledge, and un-
derstanding of communism and the
methods and tactics of Communist pro-
motion. The Salinas and California
Jaycees have resolved to support the
Freedom Academy concept. I applaud
their interest and initiative.
I urge interested Members and persons
to scrutinize my proposal and make help-
ful suggestions which will strengthen it.
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
 A1386
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX March 10,.'1966
postal services, from delivery or lack of most illustrative and telling plea which
it right up to post office facilities them- I have received is one from Elk Grove
selves. Village which brought to my attention
And, always, the blame is somewhere the fact that the Post Office Department
else. The excuses are numerous: facili- had decided that in order "to provide the
ties are unavailable, money is unavail- best service to new residential areas,"
able, personnel are unavailable, post- residents must erect curbside mailboxes,
master appointments are political foot- which would be serviced by a postman in
balls, and still, we are told of great a 3-wheel truck. Mr. Speaker, I thought
technological strides within the Post those days had gone in heavily populated
Office Department itself. Administra- metropolitan areas. Following are ex-
tive actions, administrative studies, but cerpts from letters relating to this
where ark the administrative solutions? matter:
In recent years, as post office employee First, from the village of Elk Grove
pay raise bills and postal rate increase came:
bills came before Congress, much was As you are aware, the Postmaster General
said to place the blame for deteriorating issued an order about mid-December that
service on the man who carries the mail, all future delivery routes would have to be
the postman, by indicating that salaries serviced by mounted carrier to curb mail-
were too low to attract qualified men or boxes, and in our instance and instances
to keep them as career service employees, throughout your district, this is going to
work a
that they, in many cases, held two jobs cohardship and make the
Federal Government look rather ridiculous.
in order to make ends meet. For example, on some streets one house will
Congress has taken steps to solve this have mounted delivery and the house next
problem by increasing pay, by increasing door will have foot delivery. One side of
uniform allowances, by increased appro- the street will have carrier delivery and the
priations for the Department so that it opposite side will have mounted delivery.
could automate mailhandling and rec- Your good offices are sought to consult
ordkeeping-and now that we have at- with the Postmaster General and see if his
order
tacked the problem as it was presented vlsion which cannot is s modified partially to allow a subdi-
tacked occupied to - con-
to Congress, the service is poorer than it
has ever been. This situation cannot be
blamed on the individual postmen. Cer-
tainly, the vast majority are doing an ex-
,,cellent job, and the numerous complaints
I have received, do not reflect for the
most part, on the service provided by-
these dedicated men and women.
Possibly, one aspect of the problem is
a lack of incentive within the service for
ultimate competitive achievement. I
know that some steps are being taken
along this line. However, in my testi-
mony before the Joint Committee on the
Organization of the Congress last year,
I stated my belief that postmaster ap-
pointments should be removed from po-
litical interference. I am still of that
opinion, and I am today introducing a
bill to accomplish this end.
In my last speech on postal matters, I
cited numerous problems and complaints
reported by residents of the 13th Con-
gressional District. Some are being
solved. By way of giving credit where
credit is due, I am pleased to report that
the village of Schaumburg, Ill., has re-
cently received postal identification
through a branch post office which
opened on March 1. Our effort to secure
this facility dates back to 1957 and the
efforts of my predecessor in Congress-
and, as late as last September, despite
my continued efforts, I was told by the
Post Office Department that such an
installation "would not be economical."
In February the Department changed
its mind, and this community of over
6,000 is now enjoying the right-not the
privilege-of a local post office. We have
been doubly fortunate. On February 28,
the Post Office Department also an-
nounced the location of a branch post
office in Streamwood, Ill., to be opened
in June of this year. I have worked to
achieve this improved postal service for
several years, and I am heartened by the
action of the Post Office Department.
Regrettably, however, many more com-
plaints have been received. Perhaps the
tinue to be served by carrier and have the
order apply to subsequent subdivisions.
Needless to say, I protested to the Post
Office Department. In their response,
they said:
Mail delivery to newly qualifying areas
will be by extension of mounted (vehicle)
service where practicable. This applies to
all extension of delivery areas and is not
selectively applicable to Elk Grove Village and
Palatine, Ill.
Two disturbing misconceptions have
caused unfortunate reactions in a few areas.
The first misconception is that mounted de-
livery is a rural-type delivery. The second
misconception is that this type of service is
a new program without advantage except
to the Post Office Department. Mounted de-
livery to curbside boxes has existed for many
years. It is very urban in approach, with
mechanization to provide fast and efficient
service with modern equipment. The postal
patron receives both letters and parcels at
the same time, and the taxpayer receives
added value for his dollar.
The latest word on this subject from
the village of Elk Grove reads as follows:
You may be interested to know that our
good people here in Elk Grove Village have
erected curbside mailboxes and the deliv-
ery is being made by mail carriers walking
the streets, rather than by mounted delivery,
as the program was outlined and proposed.
As you can realize and appreciate, this gives
us all a good chuckle, but still it reflects
very poorly on the Post Office and on the
Federal Government.
If this chain of events were not so
burdensome on the residents of Elk
Grove Village, it might be humorous.
One cannot help but wonder if the Post
Office Department might next eliminate
individual residential delivery alto-
gether, since, using their logic, anyone
could determine that they might con-
clude that mail would be available to the
recipient sooner if he went directly to
the post office and picked it up there.
It is going to take a good deal of effort
to get the postal service back on track
and assure the American people of
prompt, reliable mail service. There is
no sign that an effort is being made. In
fact, the Postmaster General continues
to hold two jobs in Government and is
not even devoting his full time to the
problems in his Department. Clearly,
as the population continues to grow and
population shifts continue to take place,
postal service will continue to deterio-
rate unless the President and the Post-
master General resolve to execute their
responsibilities. There can be utterly no
excuse for the United States to have a
second- or third-rate postal service.
This is what we have. The authority is
with President Johnson. The responsi-
bility rests with President Johnson.
And, appropriately, the blame is with
President Johnson.
Mr. Speaker, I want to add that the
gentleman from Kansas [Mr. ELLS-
woRTH] Is also introducing a resolution
to remove postmaster appointments from
the area of politics and place them on a
VA/
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. TENO RONCALIO
OF WYOMING
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. RONCALIO. Mr. Speaker, the
Wyoming Eagle of Cheyenne points out
in a March 3 editorial the fact:
Congress has said-and emphatically-that
the United States is united in its effort and
determination in southeast Asia.
Its editor, Bernie Horton, adds:
It should be clear to the Communists that
victory for them is beyond expectation-that
the only sensible approach left for them is
the conference table.
Because of my continued support of
our President on this matter of concern
to us all, and further because I believe
the Eagle editorial represents the main-
stream of Wyoming thought, Mr. Speak-
er, I am happy to submit this editorial
for the RECORD.
AMERICA UNITED
The Senate and House, with a combined
total of only six dissenting votes, has passed
President Johnson's $4.8 billion Vietnam mil-
itary authorization bill.
The action should bring the so-called great
debate over our Vietnam policy to an end-
at least temporarily.
Following Tuesday's Senate and House
votes on the measure, the White House issued
a statement praising the action and taking
note of congressional concern about the war.
"The President will continue to act re-
sponsibly as Commander in Chief," the state-
ment said. "As he said in New York last
week, 'our measured use of force must be
continued but this is prudent firmness under
careful control: "
The Senate wound up nearly 2 weeks of
debate by passing the bill, 93 to 2, after first
crushing an attempt by Senator WAYNE
MoRsE, of Oregon, to have Congress repeal the
1964 Tonkin Gulf resolution. The Morse
proposal was rejected, 92-5.
MoRsE, arch-critic of the administration's
policy in Vietnam, insisted on introducing
his amendment which would have repealed
Approved For Release 2005/66/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
March 10, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
up by the Committee on Rules and under
the supervision of the Speaker and minor-
ity leader. No editorial comment of any
kind could accompany the telecast, and no
telecast could be used for political or cam-
paign purposes. A similar measure, to al-
low televising of sessions of the Senate,
should be introduced in that body. House
Resolution 641 should be reported out of
committee and acted upon by the House
without delay.
The people of America have a right to
know, direct from the Chambers of Con-
gress, the positions of their elected officials
on the many important issues which face
our Nation. It seems a pity that we can
see, live from an aircraft carrier far out in
the ocean, the return of our astronauts from
space, but we cannot see our lawmakers de-
bate issues which can, and do, affect our
daily lives. That's one man's opinion; what's
yours?
Poverty's Grip Growing Tighter on Delta
Negro
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. SAM GIBBONS
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Speaker, the Los
Angeles Times of February 23 ran an
article by Jack Nelson of its staff dealing
with poverty in the Mississippi Delta re-
gion. It speaks for itself. I hope my
colleagues will read it:
IN MISSISSIPPI: POVERTY'S GRIP GROWING
TIGHTER ON DELTA NEGRO
(By Jack Nelson)
ROLLING FORK, Miss.-Willie James Sanders
is 54, but he's the youngest man living in a
row of 30 dilapidated shacks on a cotton
plantation here.
"If the Army don't take 'em, they leave
the State for a job somewhere," Sanders says.
And throughout most of Mississippi the
story is the same: young Negro men in large
numbers leaving behind ill-fed, ill-clothed
children and aged relatives. This adds an-
other dimension to the picture of widespread,
abject poverty in the State.
TECHNOLOGY ADDS TO PROBLEM
Sanders and thousands of other Negro cot-
tonfleld workers in Mississippi, including
many women and children, have always lived
on marginal subsistence. But their meager
incomes have been reduced in recent years
by farm mechanization and use of chemicals
? to control weeds.
"It wasn't no worse during the depression,"
say Sanders, "and it don't look it's gonna
get no better."
In fact, it is getting worse, and Federal of-
ficials fear major civil rights demonstrations
may rock the State this summer unless there
is widespread relief.
The Student Nonviolent Coordinating
Committee (SNCC) and the almost equally
militant Delta Ministry, an arm of the Na-
tional Council of Churches, have been laying
plans for farmworkers' strikes and otherwise
agitating for economic and social change.
The civil rights movement has been in-
creasingly critical of the Federal Govern-
ment for failing to provide for Negroes dis-
placed by the farm revolution and others
evicted because of civil rights activities.
CRITICAL POINT NEAR
A critical poipt may be reached before
summer. By April 1, cotton farmers must de-
cide whether to reduce their allotted acreage
under the 1965 Federal Food and Agricul-
tural Act by A.5, 25, or 35 percent.
Most of the farmers are expected to reduce
by the maximum amount, which would mean
considerably less work, especially for those
who need the income most-the women and
children who do seasonal work in the fields.
William Seaborn, assistant to Agriculture
Secretary Orville Freeman, calls the problem
urgent.
After a tour from Memphis, Tenn., to
Greenville, Miss., last week, he said:
"I was struck with the abject poverty I
saw, the conditions of futility. The un-
skilled people without adequate food, shel-
ter and medical care. There was great hu-
man suffering."
V.S. ACTION SPURRED
The plight of poverty-stricken Negroes In
the 18-county delta area, which produces
two-thirds of the State's cotton, was drama-
tized January 30 by a group of Negroes who
left their shacks and briefly took over an
abandoned Air Force base at Greenville. The
action stirred Federal agencies to begin im-
plementing several planned poverty pro-
grams.
Mississippi's poverty is not confined to
the delta, an alluvial plain that stretches in
an arc from the intersection of the Missis-
sippi River and the Tennessee State line to
Vicksburg, 200 miles down river. Nor is it
confined to the Negro population.
As recently as 1959 in Mississippi more
than 80 percent of the Negro families and
34 percent of the white families existed on
less than $3,000 family income-the basic
income level the Federal Government con-
siders the dividing line for the war on
poverty.
Official income statistics since 1959 are not
available, but State economists say the pic-
ture has changed little since then. In fact,
some of the State's economic and welfare
problems have worsened, particularly in the
delta.
FAMILY BREAKS DOWN
The continuing farm. revolution has left
thousands of Negroes without employment
and many others with only seasonal jobs.
The breakdown in the Negro family has left
an increasing welfare problem in a State
which readily acknowledges its poverty and
inability to pay adequate benefits.
To help, the Department of Agriculture
last week announced Implementation of a
$25.6 million food-surplus program to feed
between 600,000 and 800,000 needy Missis-
sippians during the next 6 months.
In an age of modern medicine, the health
problems of poor Negroes are anachronistic.
Since 1946, for example, the infant mortality
rate among Mississippi Negroes has gone
up almost steadily.
The string of shacks In Rolling Fork where
Willie James Sanders lives seems a micro-
cosmic picture of the abysmal poverty and
the deterioration of the Negro family in the
delta.
MEN IN MINORITY
Not only is Sanders the youngest man liv-
ing here, he is one of the few men of any
age. Most of the residents are women and
children.
The shacks are unpainted. Rags and card-
board are stuffed into broken windowpanes.
There is no indoor plumbing.
Sanders drives a tractor for $6.50 a day
when there is work. He has worked only
4 days since Christmas.
"Us just is makin.' it, that's all," Sanders
said. "How many is us?
"Twelve, and we got two sick young-uns
and can't get what we need for 'em."
WORK CHANCESSLIM
Three shacks down Mrs. Mamie Madison,
66, stood on a crumbling front porch, wear-
ing men's shoes with the tops cut off, a
tattered man's shirt and a dirty Scarf knotted
around her head.
A1385
"We don't chop and we don't pick now,"
she said. "Ever since they started puttin'
down that no-hoe stuff (weedkilling chem-
icals), they ain't much work for none of
us.,.
When the fleldhands have worked in re-
cent years, hoeing and picking cotton, they
have been paid an average of $3.50 for a
12- to 14-hour day.
Living with Mrs. Madison are a 48-year-
old daughter and three grandchildren. "If
it wasn't for my social security ($44 a
month), I'd been dead long ago," she said.
WELFARE CUT OFD'
She used to draw $33 per month wel-
fare check. "The welfare woman cut me
off after I got the social security," Mrs.
Madison said. "She said it's too much for
a 'nigger' woman to draw two checks."
Mrs. Madison has two sons. "One's workin'
at a soup factory in Chicago and the other's
in Liberty, Mo.," she said. "They took the
first wheels that came along and got out of
here." -
Mrs. Madison pointed at another shack.
"They ain't nuthin' but one woman and 11
kids there," she said.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, last
October, for the second time in as many
years, I took the floor of the House to
discuss in some detail the deplorable
situation existing in the United States
with regard to our postal service. At
that time, I stated:
There is no segment of our country, there
is no individual or corporation or school or
union or institution which does not rely on
mail service for communication.
I further stated, and will say again
now: We not only need a modern, effi-
cient, dependable system of communica-
tion through the mails; we virtually must
have it, and there is no excuse for not
having it. '
Mr. Speaker, I-and many million
Americans-were heartened in January
of this year when our President indicated
that he, too, recognized this problem and
was about to take steps to raise the level
of mail service and restore our confidence
in what was once one of our finest in-
stitutions. Various space-age methods
were proposed, increased automation, ac-
celerated delivery, bigger and better ZIP
codes, and a new Postmaster General.
Somewhere in all this I found myself
hoping that we would indeed move our
mail overnight again, that we could trace
lost bank. deposits and insured parcels,
that we could count on having our mail
delivered to our front doors every day
but Sunday, hopefully even before 4 or
5 o'clock in the evening.
Unfortunately, there is very little prog-
ress to report. My mail does not indi-
cate that the situation has improved, or
that we are even aiming for it. In fact,
the mail which reaches me, and appar-
ently not all of it does, brings repeated
complaints, protests, pleas concerning
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
 March 10, 1966
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
the Tonkin Gulf resolution, which supported
the President's use of military force to fight
Communist aggression in southeast Asia.
The resolution had been passed, overwhelm-
ingly, after North Vietnamese torpedo boat
attacks on U.S. destroyers, in the Gulf of
Tonkin. -
By insisting on a showdown on his amend-
ment to rescind the resolution, Senator
MORSE invited the crushing defeat he
suffered.
The bill, which won House approval by an
overwhelming vote of 392 to 4, provides au-
thorization for the purchase of military
equipment to be used by U.S. forces in Viet-
nam and for the construction of bases.
But the overwhelming passage of the
measure had much wider significance.
As House Speaker JOHN MCCORMACK ob-
served, if Hitler's aggression had been
stopped in its early stages, World War II
could have been avoided.
The lop-sided votes, following the so-called
"great debate," should help to remove one of
the few hopes the Communists still had in
Vietnam-the hope that an America, divided
over Vietnam policy, soon would grow tired
of it all and pull out.
According to all reports, the tide of the
war in Vietnam definitely has turned in our
favor. The Vietcong and North Vietnamese
soldiers are losing battle after battle. More
and more Communists are deserting. And
there are growing signs of stability in South
Vietnam.
Now our Congress has said-and emphat-
ically-that the United States, despite all
the recent talk, is united in its effort and
determination in southeast Asia.
It should be clear to the Communists that
victory for them is beyond- expectation-that
the only sensible approach left for them is
the conference table.
Amerigo Vespucci Day
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JACOB H. GILBE$T
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. GILBERT, Mr. Speaker, I am
pleased that the Governor of New York,
the mayor of New York City, and the
Bronx Borough president, have pro-
claimed March 9, 1966, as Amerigo Ves-
pucci Day. It is fitting that we pay trib-
ute to this great Italian-born navigator
for whom the New World was named.
I commend Mr. Orlando Oliva, venable,
and members of the Amerigo Vespucci
Lodge No. 2159 of my 22d Congressional
District, Bronx, N.Y., for sponsoring and
obtaining these proclamations.
The proclamations are similar, and I
am inserting one in the CONGRESSIONAL
RECORD, as follows:
PROCLAMATION-AMERIGO VESPUCCI DAY,
MARCH 9, 1966
One of the great names in the history of
exploration and discovery is that of Amerigo
Vespucci.
It is for this great Florentine navigator
that the continent on which we live is named.
He is credited with having been one of the
first to sight and begin exploration of the
mainland of the Western Hemisphere. Amer-
igo Vespucci was one. of the great Italian
mariners whose exploits illuminated the
golden age of discovery. But those exploits
were more than pioneering achievements in
navigation and geography. They opened a
new world and raised the curtain on a new
era of freedom.
In these days when new challenges con-
front us, the spirit of Amerigo Vespucci and
his peers has a special appeal to us. Ameri-
cans of the same origin as Vespucci are proud
of him, but they are not alone in their pride.
All of us share that pride.
Now, therefore, I, Nelson A. Rockefeller,
V
Judd Argues for Cutting Communist
Supplies in Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. WILLIAM C. CRAMER
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. CRAMER. Mr. Speaker, one of
the most outstanding and well recognized
experts in Asian affairs is former Min-
nesota Congressman Walter Judd. Dr.
Judd served as a missionary and surgeon
in North China and lived under the
Chinese Communists for 8 years. This
brilliant statesman knows and under-
stands the Asians and the Communists.
His expert views are certainly worthy of
reprint in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD and
I ask that the following report of a
speech he made in Fort Lauderdale re-
cently, which appeared in the Sun-
Sentinel, be placed in the RECORD at this
CUT SUPPLIES IN VIET-JUDD
(By Joan Bucks)
The same kind of power struggle that has
been going on since the dawn of history is
being waged in Vietnam, but the United
States is acting as if it had never even read
a book on how to wage a war, former Minne-
sota Congressman Walter Judd said in Fort
Lauderdale Wednesday.
"The purpose of war is political," said
Judd. "It is not to see how many people you
can kill. It is to change your adversaries'
will without killing any more people than
you have to. Until your adversaries' leader
is in danger himself, his will cannot be
changed."
The Republican veteran of 20 years in the
U.S. Congress, who served as a missionary
and surgeon in North China, told the Metro-
politan Dinner Club at the Governors' Club
Hotel that he lived for 8 years under the
Chinese Communists and they are not going
to risk losing what they fought 45 years to
gain by fighting for Vietnam.
"Fight for Vietnam and lose China?" Judd
exclaimed.
Judd recalled India's Prime Minister Nehru
saying to him, "You can't understand the
Chinese because you aren't Asian."
"He didn't understand the situation," said
Judd. "He was interested in his own people
and he thought Mao Tsetung was interested
in his. He was wrong. The Chinese leaders
don't act like Asians. They are agents of an
international revolution. Nehru supported
China and China inv%.ded his country and
broke him.
"Afterward I spoke with him again and he
said of China's behavior, 'It is very curious.'
A month later he died."
Judd said too many people are deceived by
the Russo-Chinese split.
"This is not a split between nations. It is
a split between factions. They're arguing
A1387
about how to conquer the world not
whether."
But, Judd added, Russia is a greater dan-
ger than China.
He warned that Russia's apparent mel-
lowing over the years is only a deception.
"If she were really seeking peaceful co-
existence she could show it by deeds-take
down the Berlin wall, stop trying to subvert
Latin America, accept disarmament with in-
spection.
"But there is no change in her objectives.
Not one deed to indicate the slightest
change," said Judd.
Judd said China represents the palm of a
hand in the center of Asia, with the other
Asian countries spread out around her like
15 fingers.
He compared China to Germany which is
in a powerful geographic center of Europe,
"China is a deficit nation. She needs raw
materials from the other Asian countries
and she needs the industrial might of Japan.
At a conference in Manila of 16 Asian coun-
tries, Japan's spokesman said Japan has had
atomic bombs dropped on her cities. Now
China has a bomb and Japan is close enough
to be a target. The United States must be
able to guarantee that China won't use it,
or Japan will go over to Peiping," Judd
warned.
"That's what the war in Vietnam is about.
Power, not democracy. And we are the real
target of the enemy. We opened up Laos
and the Ho Chi Minh Trail to the enemy.
We opened up the line of supply that is
bringing war materiel that is killing our
kids.
"We owe it to our kids in Vietnam to stop
the line of supplies that is killing them.
We must recognize that we are at war and
make a national decision that we have got
to prevail there."
HON. JOHN M. MURPHY
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. MURPHY of New York. Mr.
Speaker, the New York Journal-Amer-
ican is one of many newspapers which
has lauded the proposal to create a De-
partment of Transportation.
It'points out:
With our immense development in trans-
portation by land, air, and water, the com-
plexities have become numerous and varied.
Integration is essential to dissolve the major
problems and bring method and system to
transportation. It is a national interest of
highest priority.
Because this editorial is so typical of
many that I have read, I offer it to the
RECORD, where Jt may be read in its
entirety:
A MAJOR MOVE
President Johnson has taken progressive
and logical action in urging Congress to
create a Department of Transportation to
unify and coordinate the many agencies,
activities, and problems associated with the
movement of persons and goods. Travel by
horseback and stagecoach no longer is the
mode. We have become the most mobile
country in history.
With our immense development in trans-
portation by land, air, and water, the com-
plexities have become numerous and varied.
Integration is essential to dissolve the major
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
 A1388
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX March 10, 1966
problems and bring method and system to
transportation. It is a national interest of
highest priority.
This is the intent of President Johnson's
dramatic and forward-looking proposals.
They embrace virtually all tyres of travel and
shipment. And they seek to tie together
many'Federal organizations that now operate
independently of one another though all are
concerned with transportation.
Special stress is placed by the President on
safety. He is particularly concerned about
highway carnage. The Hearst Newspapers,
long and continuously active in furthering
efforts of reduction of the terrible traffic toll,
are glad the President has given heavy em-
phasis to the need for a determined program
toward the significant decrease of this harsh
problem.
Mr. Johnson asks $700 million for a 6-year
Federal start in this field. He should get it.
He gives industry an opportunity for further
development of safety devices. In the event
its efforts seem, after 2 years, to be inade-
quate, Federal standardization would be im-
posed.
There now exists a confusion of nonstand-
ardization in highway facilities of even such
simplicities as signs as one drives from State
to State. This item alone illustrates the cur-
rent lack of and need for coordination.
The emphasis on highway safety is strik-
ingly important at a time when the Nation
has been agonized by a death toll of 49,0,00
U
Vietnam: The United States Digs in Hard
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN R. HANSEN
OF IOWA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. HANSEN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker,
more than most conflicts, the struggle
in Vietnam is one which has many rami-
fications-political, military, and eco-
nomic.
This fact is borne out in an article I
read recently in Business Week. It
makes it clear that-
The Saigon government has recognized
that in the long run it can win (against
the Vietcong) only by offering the South
Vietnamese people an alternative political
goal.
It adds:
Rural construction is one way of building
such a political alternative.
The article concludes that stability
may take a while to establish, but that
there are reasons for hope, including
signs that political initiative is taking
root and that the Vietcong may be weak-
ening.
Since the article deals with an issue
of utmost concern, I include it in the
RECORD :
[From Business Week, Mar. 5, 19661
VIETNAM: THE UNITED STATES DIGS IN HARD
Committed to a complex war that is diffi-
cult to win, the United States pours in man-
power, materiel, and technicians to keep
Vietnam viable.
Limited war may be what the United States
officially is waging in the jungles and rice
paddies of South Vietnam. But it is a large,
limited war: 200,000 soldiers committed to
battle, 1,600 helicopters as support, an 8,000-
mile pipeline of supplies arriving daily form
the United States, $12 billion to be spent this
year for all of these--and more.
The war has been a long, slow story of
escalation, both diplomatically and mili-
tarily. Over a decade ago, President Eisen-
hower proffered aid to the fledging Govern-
ment of South Vietnam. Then came the
military advisers and special forces sent by
President Kennedy. Last year, under Presi-
dent Johnson, the war of guerrilla attacks
became a war of open combat, with the full
power of the United States--from GI to in-
dustrial technician-deployed in a country
where it is hard to win a war.
Where does the United States stand today
in Vietnam? In a far better position than
it did a year ago--but also far from anything
called victory.
U.S.. troops and their Vietnamese allies hold
the initiative from the Mekong Delta to the
17th parallel. -
The war is unlikely to expand much be-
yond its present scope. Constant U.S. bomb-
ing is limiting North Vietnamese penetration
of the southern highlands.
Both the Government and economy of Viet-
nam are in more workable shape today than
at any time since the assassination of Presi-
dent Ngo Dinh Diem.
At Vung Tau, a onetime French resort on
the coast below Saigon, vines with little
white flowers run up to the barracks win-
dows. Capt. Le Xuan Mai, director of the
training camp for rural construction cadres,
stands in the hot sun outside the huge mess-
hall and tells of his work. Like his students,
he has taken a vow of poverty; he wears
cheap, black, cotton pajamas, and his eyes
burn in a taut face.
"We talk to the students at night," he
says. "We teach them legends of their
ancestors and explain to them what they
mean in terms of the present struggle. The
most important thing is to teach them to
love the people, to protect them. The cadres
must be as dedicated as the Vietcong."
During the day, the trainees learn other
things they will need to know when they
move into rural villages in 59-man pacifica-
tion teams: how to handle a Thompson sub-
machinegun, how to root out Vietcong agents
among the villagers, how to enlist peasants
in civic activities.
ALTERNATIVE
The Vung Tau. camp reflects a central fact
about the struggle in Vietnam: More than
most wars, this is a political war. The South
Vietnamese are fighting not only against
local guerrillas and North Vietnamese reg-
ular troops, but also against a political pro-
gram for uniting all of Vietnam under Com-
munist rule. The Saigon government has
recognized that in the long run it can win
,only by offering the South Vietnamese peo-
ple an alternative political goal. "Rural
construction" is one way of building such a
political alternative.
However, 'whether rural construction will
fare any better than previous village pacifi-
cation attempts--such as the strategic ham-
lets of President Ngo Dinh Diem and the
"people's action teams" of later govern-
ments-remains to be seen. Maj. Gen. Ed-
ward G. Lansdale, adviser to Ambassador
Henry Cabot Lodge on pacification, concedes
the limitations of the effort.
"Neither military action nor pacification
campaigns will win this one by themselves,"
he says. "You need a believable and strong
political underfooting which we just don't
have yet."
WAIT AND SEE
At the moment, though, the political out-
look in South Vietnam seems more promis-
ing than at any time since the bloody end
of Diem's regime in October 1963. The rul-
ing directorate of 10 generals, with Air Vice-
Marshal Nguyen Cao Ky as executive, has
lasted a record 9 months.
The Buddhists and Catholics, who have
brought down governments in the past, cur-
rently are weakened by factionalism and
seem less able to challenge the government
with street demonstrations. Barring unfore-
seen changes-such as outbursts of popu-
lar protest against inflation-both the bonzes
of Hue and the priests of Saigon appear to
be waiting to see whether the directorate
keeps its promise to hold national elections
next year.
Long term, the outlook is still cloudy. A
few shoots of new political life are appear-
ing, in Saigon and in the provinces, above
the surface of general apathy. But as yet
there are no convincing signs of political
support for the kind of profound social re-
form that most observers think South Viet-
nam needs in order to survive.
There are some signs, though, that the
political grip of the Vietcong is weakening
under the blows of U.S. military power. More
Vietcong troops are defecting, and a stream
of refugees is fleeing the Communist reign
of terror.
1. HOW MUCH ADVICE?
In this mildly encouraging situation, an
argument is developing in U.S. official ranks
in Saigon as to whether the United States is
giving the South Vietnamese too much ad-
vice, or not enough, on how they should run
their political affairs.
At last month's Honolulu conference, Pres-
ident Johnson pressed Marshal Ky to hold
elections and to start some social reforms.
Skeptics in Saigon say the elections will
never be held-and they point to the fact
that Ky has not named the "Democracy
Building Consultative Council" that he
promised to set up after the new year to
draft a constitution and an electoral law.
Passing the buck
Many American officials feel that the
United States should press the Saigon. gov-
ernment to honor its election pledge. And
they would push for other reforms: more
aid for the 1 million refugees from the prov-
inces, better treatment of Vietcong defectors
to encourage desertions from the Commu-
nists, more encouragement for South Viet-
nam's anti-Communist labor movement.
On the other side of the argument though,
some U.S. officials see a danger of killing
Vietnamese initiative with too much advice.
One such is Lloyd Clyburn, veteran agri-
culture adviser in the I Corps region in the
north. Says Clyburn: "We shouldn't keep
a man in the same post out here for more
than a couple of years. With the best will
in the world, he accumulates too much power.
The Vietnamese come to depend on him, to
duck the tough decisions."
II. NEW FACES
Meantime, a few stirrings of political initi-
ative here and there offer some encourage-
ment for the future. At least half a dozen
of the provincial councils elected last May
are asserting some political independence de-
spite their strictly advisory roles.
For example, Phan Quang Dan, chairman
of the council for the province of Gfa Dinh
surrounding Saigon, is pushing land and re-
zoning reforms. He feels that the 79,000
votes he attracted give him some sort of
mandate-and he may have a political future,
Challenge
Another budding political leader is Vo
Long Trieu. a French-educated Official of the
Ministry of Agriculture. Trier headed a
band of indignant students who went to the
palace to protest when Ky and the generals
toppled the civilian regime last June. Ky
invited him in, argued all night about
whether and how democracy should be
brought to Vietnam. Trier finally got Ky
to let him and about 50 of his student
friends take charge of Saigon's Eight Arron-
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
March. 10, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX A1389
dissement, a teeming slum infiltrated by the
Vietcong.
Trieu fired those arrondissement officials
who were unwilling to forgo traditional
payoffs, set up sanitation and health services,
launched a cleanup campaign, built new
classrooms. Now conditions have improved
enough so that the homegrown peace corps-
men are gradually turning the arrondisse-
ment back to appointed officials.
Says Trieu, who looks even younger than
his 26 years: "We felt we had to do some-
thing when challenged by Ky."
Best hope
Then there's Tran Quoc Buu, president of
the Vietnamese Conferedation of Labor,
which he founded in 1952. The CVT was
virtually crushed by the Diem regime, but
now has 300,000 members. In Da Nang, the
fishermen's and deck workers' unions have
provided a steady stream of intelligence that
has kept the Vietcong out of the city.
Some U.S. officials see Buu's labor move-
ment as the best hope of leading the social
revolution they feel is needed to save the
country from communism. Says Buu, a soft-
voiced man who looks a little like Mao Tse-
tung: "The Government still has done noth-
ing for the workers. We will do what we
can."
Conceivably, the Buddhists could even-
tually provide the political direction and
the sense of national purpose that South
Vietnam needs. They have an effective grass-
roots organization in some parts of the
country, and a group of ambitious leaders
among the bonzes of Hue. But some U.S.
officials look to the military as the likeliest
unifying force. Throughout Vietnam's
troubled history, the army has helped hold
the country together, At present, the mili-
tary directorate and the regional corps com-
manders are divided among themselves, and
Ky has had to operate by balancing off rival-
ries. But he is accumulating power, and it
is possible that he may yet emerge as a strong
national leader. ,
III. SNAPPING POINT
Against the prospect for relative political
stability and the still modest signs of in-
digenous political vitality must be stacked
the corruption that reaches into high levels
of the military regime. . ,
Generals build villas at a time of desperate
cement shortage. The wife of -one highly
placed general is the person to see if you
want black market cement. An incompetent
and venal Province chief can't be fired be-
cause he has got the goods on the region's
corps commander.
Premier Ky is considered almost prudishly
honest. He has acknowledged the extent of
private and public corruption, has threat-
ened to have the culprits shot, and recently
set up special courts to try cases of corrup-
tion. But he hasn't made much headway.
Apathy
As serious as corruption in high places is
the inefficiency of the Government. This is
due partly to low pay and lack of incentives
for civil servants, partly to the administra-
tive Inexperience of the ruling generals. But
at bottom, the Government's inefficiency
stems from the same apathy that pervades
the mass of the Vietnamese people. This, in
turn, is at least partly a result of a rigid
social structure that makes it difficult for
the poor to rise, or the rich to fall.
Both American and Vietnamese officials
Worry about the political impact of the mas-
sive U.S. presence. On balance, though,
American soldiers appear to be more wel-
comed than resented by the Vietnamese.
How near?
In all this, what gives some encourage-
ment to both American and Vietnamese
officials is not so much a. political Improve-
ment on the Saigon government's side as
an apparent weakening on the other side.
Vietcong defections have been running well
over 1,000 a month for the past 6 months-
more than twice the average of a year ago.
More important than their numbers is the
story they are telling.
One in four of the defectors now say they
are coming over because of their conviction
that the Vietcong is losing. A year ago,
virtually none expressed this kind of de-
featism. Nearly all the defectors confess to
terror of U.S..air power, artillery, and armor.
They all complain of hunger and fatigue,
disease, increasing brutality by Vietcong
officers toward their own men and toward
civilians. Many are shocked by brutal Viet-
cong recruiting tactics and crushing taxa-
tion of civilians.
One U.S. Intelligence officer engaged in
interrogating defectors and prisoners of war
puts it this way: "These people may be get-
ting close to the snapping point. We're
driving them hard. Once they snap they
could unravel fast."
Pittsburgh Institute To Focus on Urban
Transit
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. WILLIAM S. MOORHEAD
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
,Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. MOORHEAD. Mr. Speaker, the
Housing Subcommittee of the House
Committee and Banking and Currency
is now finishing its second of 3 weeks of
hearings on the demonstration cities bill.
In addition to its slum and social renewal
features, it would also extend the mass
transit program enacted 2 years ago.
Congressmen THOMAS L. ASHLEY, HENRY
S. REUSS, and I are proposing, as an
amendment to the pending bill, an ex-
pedited program for research, develop-
ment and demonstration of new systems
of urban transport. This amendment
looks toward a breakthrough in this field
within 5 years.
On Thursday, March 17, Dr. James P.
Romualdi, director of the newly estab-
lished Transportation Research Institute
at Carnegie Tech in Pittsburgh, and his
associate director, Dr. Thomas E. Stelson,
will testify before the Housing subcom-
mittee. It is our hope that the trans-
portation research institute will become
truly national in scope and will be able
to make its findings available to all the,
great urban centers which have such
.great need for facilities to move people
rapidly and safely within urban areas.
Under leave to extend my remarks I
insert a recent KDKA radio and tele-
vision editorial on the institute at this
point in the record, along with bio-
graphies of Dr. Romualdi and Dr. Stelson.
[KDKA editorial]
NEW SCHOOL OF THOUGHT
An important step has been taken to give
Pittsburgh the leadership of the transit in-
dustry in the United States. A transit in-
stitute, something we advocated several
months ago, is being established at Carnegie
Institute of Technology, This should pay big
dividends for our city far into the future.
The new facility will be called the Trans-
portation Research Institute. Dr. H. Guy-
ford Stever, president of Carnegie Tech,
made the announcement at the close of the
First International Conference on Urban
Transportation, which was held here in
Pittsburgh. Dr. Stever says the institute is
being established with the help of a $300,000
grant from financier Richard K. Mellon. It
will be headed by Dr. James P. Romualdi,
professor of civil engineering at Tech. Dr.
Thomas E. Stelson, head of civil engineer-
ing, and Dr. Milton Shaw, head of mechani-
cal engineering, will be associate directors.
As explained by Dr. Stever, the institute
will have four purposes. First, to carry out
transportation research for Government and
industry. Second, to organize conferences
and seminars in which industry leaders can
exchange Ideas and Information. Third, to
develop an education program in transporta-
tion at the graduate level at Tech. And
fourth, to advance education and contribute
to scientific knowledge in the field of trans-
portation.
Dr. Stever says the immediate concern of
the institute will be rapid transit and high-
speed rail transportation between cities.
Within 5 years, he expects the institute to
be working with a $1 million yearly budget.
A research and education institute of this
kind has been badly needed in the transpor-
tation industry, and it is to Pittsburgh's
great credit that it will be located here. You
can be sure that the institute will be work-
ing closely with the many Pittsburgh com-
panies that are involved in the fast-growing
rapid transit industry.
Together, they can develop a pool of sci-
entific knowledge and technical skill that
can give this city a commending position in
the transit industry. This leadership is cer-
tain to pay off with more jobs, and a more
stable economy, in the years to come.
BIOGRAPHY OF DR. JAMES P. ROMUALDI
Dr. James P. Romualdi, director of the
newly established transportation research
institute at Carnegie Tech, is a professor in
the department of civil engineering.
He served as a contributor on the special
transportation task group at Tech which
prepared the keystone corridor transporta-
tion study for the Department of Commerce
of Pennsylvania.
His additional interests are in the fields
of fracture mechanics, applied mechanics and
structural engineering.
Dr. Romualdi's research on the use of
closely spaced lengths of wire mixed with
concrete may lead to radical changes in the
future applications and shapes of concrete
structures,
Concrete mixed with particles of wire
eliminates the need for iron reinforcing rods
and could be used in the construction of
roads and buildings and even for sculptured
pieces.
The particle-mixed-concrete was recently
used by Dr. Romualdi in collaboration with
Prof. Kent Bloomer, another Tech faculty
member in creating a sculptured bas-relief.
The concrete, in combination with styrofoam
and fiberglas, cut down on the weight of
the design. The use of the mixture in an art
,form has created interest among architects
and engineers.
Dr. Romualdi has written numerous arti-
cles and has presented several papers abroad.
He has been engaged in private consulting
work and has done research for the Navy.
All of his degrees were earned at Tech.
BIOGRAPHY OF DR. THOMAS E. STELSON
Dr. Thomas E. Stelson, associate director
of the newly established transportation re-
search institute at Carnegie Tech, is also
ALCOA professor and head of the department
of civil engineering.
He served as a codirector of the keystone
corridor transportation study prepared for
the Department of Commerce of Pennsyl-
Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
 Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400040014-9
A1390 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -APPENDIX March 10, 1966
vania by a special transportation task group
at Tech.
Dr. Stelson is author of "Comments on
the Evolving Metropolis and New Tech-
nology," planning the urban community
published in 1960. His article "Education
for Oblivion," written in 1961, was a searing
condemnation of engineers who allow them-
selves to become obsolete. The article has
since been widely reprinted and quoted.
His approach to civil engineering encom-
passes the study of blood flow and foam
which is expected to contribute to such
diverse enterprises as pipeline transportation
of coal, the treatment of circulatory diseases
and the pumping of foodstuffs along as-
sembly lines and into jars.
Sl ortly after Professor Stelson became
head of his department at age 30, Dr. J. C.
Warner, then the president of Carnegie Tech,
said he was "one of the most brilliant young
engineering scientists we've seen in a long
while."
Dr. Stelson earned all of his degrees at
Tech. He is a member of numerous scien-
tific and professional societies. His major
areas of interest are in the fields of fluid
mechanics, hydraulics, foundation engineer-
ing, soil mechanics, and solid mechanics.
The Seventh Anniversary of the Passage
of Legislation in the House of Repre-
sentatives Bringing Statehood to
Hawaii
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES G. FULTON
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. FULTON of Pennsylvania. Mr.
Speaker, this is a joyous occasion for
celebration. Seven years ago today the
U.S. House of Representatives passed
legislation that gave statehood to Hawaii.
We in the House of Representatives re-
call that historic event with true pride.
Congress gave not only Hawaii state-
hood, but to the valiant people of Hawaii
the full rights of U.S. citizenship in per-
petuity.
The other 49 States, which were in
existence at that time, gained immeasur-
ably by the admission of Hawaii into our
Union. During these ensuing 7 years a
closer relationship has grown between us,
and the prosperity, security, and happi-
ness that was sought by this legislation
have become a reality.
The State of Hawaii has lived up to
the expectations that she would do her
part to make this Union stronger: She
has added scenic beauty to our bound-
aries, and her people have been more
than enthusiastic in demonstrating true
patriotism.
By making Hawaii a State, Congress
advanced three steps in our U.S. national
progress. These three steps are:
First, we have bolstered Hawaii's and
our U.S. defense, by Hawaii being a full
sister State, instead of a U.S. territory
or possession in the Pacific.
. Second, Congress has made Hawaii a
center where the people of the Pacific
could study and learn our best American
traditions. Hawaii by its wonderful
progress, has been a showcase of Amer-
ican democracy in the Pacific. This is
a fine encouragement for the future for
all Pacific peoples, and all colonial peo-
ples everywhere.
Third. Congress and the State of
Hawaii have demonstrated dramatically
that the United States both cherishes
and practices the democratic ideal that
her citizens stand equal before the law
regardless of color and creed or national
origin.
The example of the State of Hawaii
shines in the Pacific for half the world's
people to see and to compare with the
empty promises of equality held out by
totalitarian states.
In peace and in war, Hawaii's citizens
have proved the worth of their patri-
otism and Americanism. Hawaii has an
experienced and intelligent electorate.
It has responsible citizens devoted to
their government as an average of more
than 85 percent of the registered voters
exercise their right to vote.
Since 1840 Hawaii has had a function-
ing, orderly government patterned on a
constitutional form. Its State constitu-
tion, ratified in 1950, has been ample
evidence of Hawaii's political maturity
and capacity to conduct its affairs as an
American State.
A public school system was established
in Hawaii as early as 1840 and many of
the children of western pioneers were
sent there for their education. A con-
gressional committee in 1951 found
that-
The public school system of Hawaii is gen-
erally recognized as among the best in the
United States.
The sparkling sunshine and whole-
some outdoor life that are the prime at-
tractions of Hawaii's semitropical living
help the State achieve a notable health
record.
Fortunately, Hawaii wanted statehood.
In 1954 its citizens presented a dramatic
testimonial. In a historic petition to
Congress from Hawaii's citizens, they
asked for statehood. Approximately
116,000 signatures had been affixed with-
in a few days. The giant roll was 6 feet
wide, about a mile long, and was one of
the largest petitions received in the his-
tory of the U.S. Congress. It transmitted
the determination and desire of Hawaii's
citizens to be granted the statehood
status they had earned. For over half
a century, the residents of Hawaii had
lived as Americans, worked as Americans,
and fought and died as Americans.
With the passage of statehood legisla-
tion the people of Hawaii are now given
the true dignity of American citizenship,
with all accompanying rights and privi-
leges, one of the most valued possessions
in the world today.
Never was a U.S. territory more ready
for statehood. Never have people been
more willing and able to assume all the
rights and responsibilities of a State in
our Union.
We rejoice today that Hawaii is such a
success story that it more than fulfills
the predictions of those of us who sup-
ported and worked for Hawaii statehood.
We supporters look back with pride on
the action that was taken in this House
7 years ago,
To the people of Hawaii we extend our
continued loyal friendship and continu-
ing hearty welcome. We give our heart-
felt thanks for their cooperation, friend-
ship, and willingness to stand with the
united citizens of our good United States,
for progress and the security of all of us.
Local Law Enforcement: Neglected and
Forgotten by This Society
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. AL ULLMAN
OF OREGON
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, March 10, 1966
Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Speaker, Dr. John
J. Mirich, chairman of the Department
of Law Enforcement of Treasure Valley
Community College is known for his work
in the field of improving the quality of
local law enforcement agencies.
I would like to insert Dr. Mirich's latest
article on the subject:
LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT: NEGLECTED AND
FORGOTTEN By THIS SOCIETY
(By Dr. John J. Mirich, chairman, Depart-
ment of Law Enforcement, Treasure Valley
Community College, Ontario, Oreg.)
Probably one of the most important, and
most neglected, vocations in need of pro-
fessional education, training, and profes-
sional status in this social order is local
law enforcement: that is, our city, county,
and State police.
For too long local law enforcement has
been forced to recruit its manpower from
the ranks of the professionally uneducated
and untrained due in part to public disin-
terest and neglect. For too many years the
local police officer has been negatively stereo-
typed in this society. This stereotyping has
served to discourage our educated and other-
wise qualified young men from seeking police
careers; it has tended to encourage law offi-
cers to develop the theory that they "hang
together or hang separately" against most
public criticism and police reforms; it has
solidified the belief in the average citizen's
mind that law enforcement of leers.seek po-
lice positions when they are vocationally un-
fit for anything else; and most seriously, this
stereotyping is one of the basic reasons that
law enforcement is lagging professionally at
least 25 years behind its sister social agen-
cies of law interpretation, parole, probation,
and others.
The typical policeman has been presented
as a large, paunchy-giant who is flat-footed,
uncouth, and uneducated. He is thought
to become quite violent when someone vio-
lates one of "his laws" in "his town". He
has been portrayed as a combination of a
physical Samson, an intellectual midget, and
an emotional cripple. Small wonder then
that this negative sterotype has stabilized
in the average citizen's mind the belief that
the policeman is to be either tolerated, dis-
regarded, or even avoided in that he occupies
a social position somewhere between the law
abiding and the criminal elements of the
order.
The total blame for local law enforce-
ment's position far behind the acceptable
professions cannot be said to rest entirely
with the public, however. Local law en-
forcement agencies themselves are also at
fault. Most local police agencies nationally
have, notseen fit to Inform the public of the
duties and responsibilities of the local offi-
cer; the vast majority of them have not car-
. Approved For Release 2005/06/29 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400,040014-9