VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400050004-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 18
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: March 7, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

United States
of America
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
?
Congressional Record
PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE Q 09th CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
Vol. 112
WASHINGTON, MONDAY, MARCH 7, 1966
No. 40
House of Representatives
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
Reverend Father Michael Urbana-
wich, Marianapolis Preparatory School,
Thompson, Conn., offered the following
prayer:
Let us pray in the name of the Father,
and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit.
Almighty God, the Lord and Ruler of
all nations, today in this glorious House
of Representatives of the United States
of America we glorify Thee on behalf of
the people who, led by Thy providential
hand, came to this country from Byelo-
russia.
We thank Thee for the blessings Thou
hast bestowed upon America.
Bless, 0 Lord, our President, our
Speaker, our legislators, our clergy, and
the Armed Forces of this land of free-
dom.
Bless the freedom-loving people of
Byelorussia who 48 years ago on March
25, 1918, proclaimed the independence of
their Byelorussian Democratic Republic.
Freedom and democracy were short-
lived in Byelorussia, because the Red
army drove them out. Still., the Byel-
orussian people never lost their hopes
for national independence and each year
commemorate proclamation of independ-
ence-the historic March 25.
As we once more commemorate Byel-
orussian Independence Day here in these
glorious United States, we pray Thee, 0
loving Father, to give the entire Byel-
orussian people spiritual strength to re-
sist godless communism and preserve
their ideals of liberty. Look down with
favor, 0 Lord, upon Thy children who cry
out to Thee in anguish for their deliver-
ance.
We humbly beg Thee to grant that
they may soon see the dawn of a better
day, when together with all free men
they might live in peace and prosperity,
worshiping Thee, their only true God and
Redeemer, with dignity and honor.
Amen.
THE JOURNAL
The Journal of the proceedings of
Thursday, March 3, 1966, was read and
approved.
MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT
A message in writing from the Presi-
dent of the United States was communi-
cated to the House by Mr. Geisler, one
of his secretaries.
MESSAGE FROM THE SENATE
A message from the Senate by Mr. Ar-
rington, one of its clerks, announced that
the Senate had passed without amend-
ment bills of the House of the following
titles:
H.R. 1484. An act for the relief of Mrs.
Loneta Hackney;
H.R. 1918. An act for the relief of Eligio
Ciardiello;
H.R. 2627. An act for the relief of certain
classes of civilian employees of naval instal-
lations erroneously in receipt of certain
wages due to misinterpretation of certain
personnel instructions;
H.R. 3076. An act for the relief of the
estate of Bart Briscoe Edgar, deceased;
3236. An act for the relief of Louis
Shchuchinski;
HR. 4928. An act for the relief of Chizuyo
Hoshiza.ki;
H.R. 4995. An act for the relief of Muham-
mad Sarwar;
HR. 5231. An act for the relief of Jack
Ralph Walker;
HR. 5530. An act for the relief of the
estate of Robert A. Ethridge;
HR. 5973. An act for the relief of Edwin
F. Hower;
-
B.R. 7667. An act for the relief of Donald
F. Farrell; and
HR. 10338. An act for the relief of Joseph
B. Stevens.
The message also announced that
the Senate had passed, with amendments
in which the concurrence of the House is
requested, bills of the House of the fol-
lowing titles:
HR. 2752. An act for the relief of Kock
Kong Fong;
Ha. 2938. An act for the relief of Przemy-
slaw Nawakowski;
H.R. 2939. An act for the relief of Manojlo
Verzich;
H.R. 3875. An act for the relief of 1)/frs.
Panagiota Vastakis and Soteros Vastakis;
H.R. 4743. An act for the relief of Ralph
Tigno Ecinuid;
H.R. 6112. An act for the relief of David
Glenn Barker (Jai Yul Song) and Richard
Paul Barker (Pil Su Park);
HR. 9442. An act for the relief of Ki Sook
Jun; and
HR. 10403. An act for the relief of Edward
F. Murzyn and Edward J. O'Brien.
The message also announced that the
Senate had passed bills and joint resolu-
tions of the following titles, in which the
concurrence of the House is requested:
S. 146. An act for the relief of Delma S.
Pozas;
S. 153. An act for the relief of Matsusuke
Tengan;
S.265. An act to authorize conveyance of
certain lands to the State of Utah based upon
fair market value;
3.920. An act for the relief of Laura Rut.
Wei Wong and her children, Janet Wong and
Simon Wong;
S. 1213. An act for the relief of Richard K.
Jones;
S. 1375. An act providing a method for de-
termining the amount of compensation to
which certain individuals are entitled as re-
imbursement for damages sustained by them
due to the cancellation of their grazing per-
mits by the U.S. Air Force;
S. 1661. An act for the relief of Samuel C.
Neiburg;
S. 1923. An act to amend chapter XI of the
Bankruptcy Act to give the court supervi-
sory power over all fees paid from whatever
source;
S. 1960. An act for the relief of Capt. Rey
D. Baldwin;
S.2153. An act to authorize the Secretary
of the Interior to use appropriated funds
for the payment of medical care of temporary
and seasonal employees and employees
located in isolated areas who become dis-
abled because of injury or illness not attrib-
utable to official work, and for other
purposes;
S.2177. An act for the relief of Donald I.
Abbott;
S. 2265. An act for the relief of Konstadyna
Byni Deliroglou and her minor child,
Alexandros Deliroglon;
S. 2307. An act for the relief of certain
civilian employees and former civilian em-
ployees of the Bureau of Reclamation at the
Columbia Basin project, Washington;
S. 2356. An act for the relief of Raymond T.
Grachek;
S.2696. An act for the relief of Abraham
Ezekiel Cohen;
S.J. Res. 18. Joint resolution to provide for
the designation of the fourth week in April
4803
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2Q05/07/13_,? CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
4804 cONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE March 7, 1966
each year as "Youth Temperance Educa-
tion Week": and
S.J. Res. 133. Joint resolution designating
Pehruary of each year as American History
Non th,
P ERSONAL ANNOUNCEMENT
Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, be-
cause of illness last week I was not pres-
ent during the vote on S. 1666, which
provides for the appointment of addi-
tional circuit and district Judges. Had
I been present, I would have answered
"yea" to roll No. 28, which was taken on
the passage of this legislation.
was also not present during the vote
on H.R. 12889, the supplemental defense
authorization, Had I been present last
week, I would have answered "yea" to
roll No. 26, which was taken on the pm-
sage of this bill.
I would like the R,Ecora) to show my
Position on these measures.
_nye?
PEDERAL LAKES AND RESERVOIRS
STIOULT) REMAIN FREE TO THE
P (TEEM
Mr. EDMONDSON asked and was
riven permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. EDMONDSON. Mr Speaker, I
have today introduced a bill to repeal all
authority for Federal entrance and ad-
mission feca at virtually all Government
lakes and reservoirs.
am convinced the imposition of such
fees at reservoirs primarily built for
flood control, navigation or power, is
neither justified nor necessary.
ieurthermore, such fees constitute a
bieiach of contract with the people, whose
Lax money has been used to acquire the
lands and build the dams which make
the reservoirs possible.
In ninny instances, construction of
these reservoirs was approved and sup-
ported by local people with the definite
understanding that no Federal interfer-
ence of any kind would take place with
tl ie time-honored rights to fish and boat
on the waters impounded. In the case
of our Indian people, many of whom were
guaranteed perpetual rights to hunt and
fah without interference under treaties
many years ago, the new fees are a fla-
grant violation of traditional, historic
rights?and are totally indefensible.
it is one thing to collect a user fee
from an individual using a facility like
a bathhouse or a special campsite with
utilities?both requiring continual main-
tenance and personnel in attendance. It
is entirely a different matter to charge
for access to the land and the water
which belong to the people in the first
place, and have long been used by them
tor recreational purposes. Especially is
this so at reservoirs where recreational
.facilities are largely incidental to other
major reservoir purposes.
These fees, Mr. Speaker, should be pro-
hibited by the Congress, without further
delay.
VIETNAM
l(vIr. DOW asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his re-
mark;.)
Mr. DOW. Mr. Speaker, in the last
few clays, we should all he concerned
about the indications that our side is
escalating the war in Vietnam. How
long can we continue to talk peace on the
one hand and raise the level of bombing
on the other? They say our bombing
in Vietnam is now comparable to any in
World War II or in Korea
Yes eirday the paper reported that we
were bombing rail lines near China.
Also, it said that at least one of our
military leaders proposed tr e mining of
Haiphong Harbor. It may not be too
long before the Chinese ,.1),row their
horde; of infantry into Vieta am, as they
did into Korea. If we mine the harbor
at Haiphong, and interfere with Russian
shippi ion then we have put tl,eir national
pride on the line, and they have to react
somehow whether they want to or not.
nne Epeaker, none of w should be
afraid to face either China or Russia in a
clear situation of our own telf -defense.
But, I fail to see how a foothold in Viet-
f as any value in our e'en self-de-
fense. How does our fight in that one
place .i.ssure that insurgency will disap-
pear in every other place on earth?
Until elections are held in Vietnam,
we cannot even be sure that we are fight-
ing for what these people want.
Considering all these uncertainties, Mr.
Speaker, how can the United States pro-
ceed w th such assurance and coolness to
tempt the gods of world war III?
I must strongly protest the steps of
escalation that we are taking. These
mean danger to every family in Amer-
ica?and yet they are based on reasons
that ale not quite good enoue h.
PERSONAL ANNOUNCEMENT
Mr. O'BRIEN. Mr. Speaker, I regret
that illness last week prevented me from
voting on the bill HR. 12889, providing
necessary funds for our military opera-
tions in Vietnam. If I had been present,
I would have voted for the hill without
reserve ion.
THE NEW GI Buz,
(Mr. 1,'EIGHAN asked and was given
permission to addresS the Haase for 1
minute mci to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. FEIGHAN. Mr. Speaker, the new
GI bill signed into law by President
Johnson will benefit large numbers of
young Americans who have served in the
Armed Forces of our country'. In my
district alone it is estimated that ap-
proximately 10,300 veterans are poten-
tially eligible for the benefits and serv-
ices under the new bill.
This ,.ncludes education and training
programs generally patterned after the
highly successful GI bills of World War
II and the Korean conflict.
The educational provisions el the bill
are expected to provide veterans in the
28th District of Ohio almost $828,000 in
direct benefits in the first year. Vet-
erans' Administration guaranteed loans
totaling $2,876,000 to some 190 veterans
are also expected in the first year. New
hospital benefits made available to these
veterans are expected to total $42,000 in
the first year.
Mr. Speaker, the education and train-
ing provisions of this program will help
a great deal to prepare more of our young
men and women to realize their full po-
tential in life. I know they are wel-
comed by the veterans in my district.
HALL URGES RETENTION OF
SCHOOL. MILK PROGRAM
(Mr. HALL asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. HALL. Mr. Speaker, I have today
introduced legislation to insure that the
school milk program is extended with
adequate appropriations to assure the
continued availability of milk at mod-
erate prices in the Nation's schools.
There is growing concern with the ad-
ministration's actions in refusing to re-
lease $3 million for the special school
milk program this year. I cannot agree
with the President's proposal to cut funds
for the school lunch program by 12 per-
cent and the special milk program by
almost 80 percent for the coining fiscal
year, while flaunting other areas of do-
mestic fiscal responsibility.
These cutbacks, coming at the same
time that "poverty warrior" salaries are
being escalated and foreign aid ex-
panded, make no sense to either our dairy
farmers or to our schoolchildren and
their parents.
These programs have, through the
years, proven to be especially effective
means of assisting schools in providing
nutritionally desirable diets to grade and
high school students at moderate prices.
They have contributed to the health and
development of the Nation's future gen-
eration. As a "doctor in the House," I am
certainly for these efforts, under local
school board control.
During fiscal year 1965, 61.7 million ad-
ditional half-pints of milk were served
to students in the State of Missouri,
alone, under these extremely successful
programs. Under the administration's
proposed program, this would be drasti-
cally curtailed. If under the new pro-
gram, a school district determines that
$3,000 income is the difference between
a needy family and a prosperous family,
then, the child of a family with $2,999.99
income will pay nothing for a half-pint
of milk. How utterly foolish.
I would much rather see a cut in Mrs.
Johnson's so-called beautification pro-
gram, Or in the poverty program, than
the $80 million cut in this vital and im-
portant program for our schools, and
leaders of tomorrow.
(Mr. FINDLEY asked and was given
Permission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD.)
[Mr. FINDLEY'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
THE OPPORTUNITY CRUSADE ACT
OF 1966
(Mr. QUIE asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
March 7, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE 4853
countries around the world will breathe a
high of relief and be glad that it has come
out that way.
Mr. BOGGS. Would you mind in that con-
nection talking about?and I know this has
military implications?but the dieffrent posi-
tion today in Vietnam today, both military
and economic and politically, as compared to
just 8 months ago.
Mr. Russ. Well, I think in the first place,
for the past 3 or 4 months the South Viet-
namese and allied forces have clearly been
on the initiative. If you follow the opera-
tional reports as closely as Mr. BOGGS does,
you will notice that most of the larger opera-
tions are on the initiative of the South Viet-
namese and allied groups?some 25 to 30 of
those separate operations every day. Of
course, now, our own newspapermen out
there concentrate on the American forces and
we lose eight of the fact that about two-
thirds of those operations are conducted by
the South Vietnamese themselves?and it
remains their war. It has not become an
American war. We are supporting them.
But the initiative is clearly with the
South Vietnamese and the allies. The other
side has been taking very serious punish-
ment. During 1965, for example, the Viet-
cong suffered in numbers killed as many as
the United States had killed throughout the
entire Korean war, and, since the first of this
year, those casualty rates have gone up?so
they are running into serious trouble not
only in the effectiveness of their operations,
but also in morale and supply. Now I think
another important phase of the battle is the
one we discussed in Honolulu in great de-
tail?that is to get on with the economic and
social development of the country. That has
been given new impetus?the Vietcong still
try to disrupt it by attacks on local officials
and by disrupting lines of communication
and these are tough problems they have
there, but the present government, and cer-
tainly our Government, are committing
themselves fully to it and I would expect in-
creasing rapid change in that field as well.
Mr. BOGGS. Now Mr. Secretary, we just have
time for one or two other questions. The
suggestion has been made by some that we, in
our efforts to go to the bargaining table and
negotiating table with a peaceful conference
that we include the Vietcong. Would you
mind disposing of that contention?
Mr. Rusx. Well, in the first place the other
side has made it quite clear that their condi-
tion is that the Vietcong be accepted as the
sole representatives of the Senth Vietnamese
people. They haven't been qualifying this
demand. Secondly, the Vietcong is an arm
of Hanoi. Their views can be ascertained,
but we shan't impose upon the people of
South Vietnam this outfit, which has not
been chose by the people of South Vietnam
and which represents somebody else.
Mr. BOGGS. It's a front, pure and simple.
Mr. Rusx. Now, if the South Vietnamese
have some peace and can have their elections,
they can choose whatever government they
want. I'm eonvinced myself that the South
Vietnamese people are not going to choose a
liberation front or the representatives of
Hanoi?a million people, you remember, hale,
left Hanoi after the division of Vietnam in
order to escape this Communist regime.
Mr. BOGGS. Right, Mr. Secretary, do you
feel we are making progress in an orderly
fashion?would you venture a prediction on
how long military operations may have to
continue? I know that this is a difficult
thing.
Mr. RUSK. No; it's hard to predict. There
is a long, hard job ahead, even if the main
military operations were to be brought to a
conclusion, you'd still have a considerable
guerrilla problem and sabotage in the country
for the South Vietnamese to dispose of, but
in these crises we have had since 1945, the
end comes rather quickly and unexpectedly.
I am thinking now about the Greek guerrillas
and about the Berlin blockade, even the
Korean/war?so it is a little hard to know
just when it will come. I think it will come
when Hanoi fully realizes they are not going
to have South Vietnam by force, and then
we will see a break in the situation.
Mr. BOGGS. One final question?Do you
think the vote in Congress this week was
helpful?
Mr. Rusx. It was indeed and I think that
very strong vote in support of what is going
is going on in South Vietnam will be helpful
not only in the housekeeping aspect of it but
as a demonstration of determination to the
South Vietnamese and indeed to Hanoi, and I
must say I was deeply grateful for the over-
whelming vote that you gentlemen down
here gave us on that bill.
Mr. Boacs. Well, Mr. Secretary, I know we
could go on for a much longer period, but our
time has expired. Thank you very much for
joining with us this morning in this report
to our people in south Louisiana.
Mr. Rusx. It is a great pleasure to bei e e.
Mr. Boacs. Thank you, sir.
THE U.S. LEGAL RIGHT TO BE IN
VIETNAM?THE AMERICAN BAR
ASSOCIATION'S HOUSE OF DELE-
GATES SPEAKS
(Mr. BOGGS (at the request of Mr.
DE LA GARZA) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker there has
been debate in the our country about the
U.S. legal right to be in Vietnam.
The American Bar Association's House
of Delegates spoke loud and clear on this
issue at its midwinter meeting in Chi-
cago February 21, 1966.
That body unanimously adopted a res-
olution and report supporting the posi-
tion of the United States. The resolu-
tion should put to rest any doubts about
our position.
Mr. Speaker, I would like to add that
the resolution was the work of one of my
constituents, Eberhard P. Deutsch,
chairman of the Standing Committee on
Peace and Law through United Nations.
Mr. Deutsch is a world renowned at-
torney who has given of himself for the
past 41 ye-ars in perfecting the American
system of justice, both in the practice of
civil and military law.
All Americans owe a debt of gratitude
to Mr. Deutsch. May we all continue to
deserve his efforts.
Following is the resolution and report
adopted by the American Bar Association
in addition to a brief biographical sketch
of Mr. Deutsch:
AMERICAN BAR ASSOCIATION SPECIAL JOINT RE-
PORT OF THE STANDING COMMITTEE ON PEACE
AND LAW THROUGH UNIIT,L) NATIONS AND THE
SECTION OF INTERNATIONAL AND COMPARA-
TIVE LAW
RECOMMENDATION
Whereas in recent hearings before the For-
eign Relations Committee of the U.S. Senate,
it has been stated that international lawyers
are agreed that the U.S. position in Vietnam
is illegal and in violation of the charter of
the United Nations; and
Whereas articles 51 and 52 of the charter
sanction steps for self-defense and collective
and regional security arrangements such as
the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization to
which the United States is a party; and
Whereas in the course of these hearings, it
has been suggested that an expression on
this subject by the American Bax Association
would be appropriate; Now, therefore, be it
Resolved by the American Bar Association,
That the position of the United States in
Vietnam is legal under international law, and
Is in accordance with the charter of the
United Nations and the Southeast Asia
Treaty; and be it further
Resolved, That the secretary of this asso-
ciation be, and he is hereby, authorized and
directed to transmit a copy of this resolution
immediately to the chairman of the Foreign
Relations Committee of the U.S. Senate.
REPORT
The attention of the committee and the
council has been called to the recent widely
publicized hearings on appropriations for
support of the U.S. forces in Vietnam before
the Foreign Relations Committee of the U.S.
Senate.
At these hearings, it has been suggested
that international lawyers are agreed that
the U.S. position in Vietnam is illegal and
in violation of the United Nations Charter.
Articles 51 and 52 of the charter expressly
provide that nothing contained therein
"shall impair the inherent right of individ-
ual or collective self-defense," nor preclude
"the existence of regional arrangements or
agencies for dealing with such matters re-
lating to the maintenance of international
peace and security as are appropriate for
regional action." The Southeast Asia Treaty
Organization is such an arrangement or
agency.
Professors of international law of some 31
law schools have expressed their opinion, and
it is the opinion of the members of this as-
sociation's Standing Committee on Peace
and Law Through United Nations and of the
members of the Council of the Section of
International and Comparative Law, that the
position of the United States in Vietnam is
legal, and is not in violation of the Charter
of the United Nations.
During the course of the Senate commit-
tee hearings, it was suggested that it would
be desirable to have an expression on this
subject by the American Bar Association.
The matter was taken up at a joint ses-
sion of the committee and the council of
the section which now jointly recommend
adoption by the house of delegates of the
resolution herein above set forth to the
effect that it is the position of the American
Bar Association that the presence of U.S.
forces in Vietnam is legal under international
law, and in accord with the charter of the
United Nations and the Southeast Asia
Treaty.
EBERHARD P. DEUTSCH,
Chairman., Standing Committee on
Peace and Law Through United
Nations.
EDWARD D. RE,
Chairman, Section of International
and Comparative Law.
Recommendation adopted unanimously
on February 21, 1966, by the house of dele-
gates of the American Bar Association at
its midwinter meeting in Chicago, Ill.
BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH OF MR. EBER,HARD
DEUTSCH
Eberhard P. Duetsch was born on October
31, 1897, in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he com-
pleted his early studies. His parents were
Dr. and Mrs. Gotthard (Hermine Bacher)
Deutsch of that city.
In April 1917, he enlisted in the 1st Illinois
Cavalry?later the 122d U.S. Field Artillery?
in which, with the 33d Division, U.S. Army,
he served throughout the First World War,
rising to rank of lieutenant.
In. 1925, he completed his studies as a
special student at the College of Law of
Tulane University, and has been engaged
in the general practice of civil law ever since
at New Orleans, where he is senior member
of the law firm of Deutsch, Kerrigan St Stiles.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
4351 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE Mai?ch ;t;
In 1942 he again entered military service,
o,aching the rank of colonel, and serving
triith variOUS combat and mfltary-govern-
(tient tier in throughout, and following close
et, the Second World War.
iffilonet Deutsch completed his tour of
ii ii military duty in the fall of 1946, hay-
served croon close of hostilities in Europe,
principal legal adviser to Gen. Mark W.
twit its (Thief of the Allied Legal Di-
reetterate, in the miltary administration of
nilatria, and in the re-creation of that coun-
t.'y its a Tree and independent :nation.
I )tirine hie. service in Austria, Colonel
Lod sch devised, and assisted in nutting into
otect. Ito eo-called negative veto, under
'a loch decrees promulaged by the Austrian
croyernment and legislation enacted by the
Peen:Hi/lent of Austria, became effective
LI roughout, the country in 31 days unless
unanimously rejeci,ed by the quadri-nartite
( :tinted States, British. French, and Soviet)
Allied Mit Lary C.lormnission in the meantime.
Colonel :Deutsch took paet in 12 major en-
gegen:lents, including the invasion of Sicily
and in airborne landing behind the lines in
Normandy. He has a total of some 16 Ameri-
can and _French decorations and service
medaIs.
(:010Tlel Deatech ia HMET1J-;1.IV CollS111. of the
Ifepublic 01 Austria tit New Orleans. and
ovilian aid or the State of Louisiana, to the
Secretary .af the Array.
iii1936, Mr. Deutsch was counted for pub-
tethers in their successful attack on a Lnui-
inn art t. ri isirie tax, declared unanimously
Try the Supreme Court of the 'United States
1.0 constittite an in tringernent of the consti-
ti it:tonal guaranty of a free press.
Ft 1950 53, Mr. Deutsch. as Special As-
sistant to the Attorney General of the United
States, suifficesfully prepared and prosecuted
the appeal of the United States from adverse
judgments in the vast Texas City disaster
liligiction is, lieved to be the largest civil
aettion ils kind iii the hi tory 01 the world.
He leis been (19131-62) chairman of the
American Bar Association's Standing Com-
mittee on Admiralty and Maritime Law, and
for many youis a member, and chairman
(1963-63 tonl 1965 to date) of that associa-
tion's Standing Committee on Peace and Law
Through United Ntions. Be is, and has been
tor several years, cbairman of the Louisiana
Statii Bar Atisociation's Standing Committee
oft Law lottorm, and regularly takes In lead-
ing part in many civic activities.
Mr. Deutsch is the author of a plan for
reetonstitiition of the international Court
(IC JUSUI,O, to give it uniform. universal, corn-
ptilsitry jurisdiction over ail nations. with-
re it undue surrender of their sovereignty.
The plan is described in Mr. Deusch's lead-
ing article in the Americaa Bar Association
Journal nit: June 1963, and was approved
unanimously in August 0965, by the house
lie' delegates of the American Bar Association.
Mr. Dentsiiii has been a frequent contribu-
tor to American Bar Association Journal, and
is the author of ninny leading articles which
have appeared in various legal publications
during the ;last 30 years, on constitutional,
maritime and international law.
aiVir. CON VERS (at the request of Mr.
:DE LA GARZA) was granted permission to
edend his remarks at this point in the
Racouri and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
I Mr. CONYERS' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
ITE SNIFFING
(Mr. ARBSTEIN (at, the request of
Mr. DE LA (iARZA) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
t)'r.)
Mr. PARBSTEIN. Mr. Speaker, for a
number of years the subject of glue
sniffing has occupied the time and energy
of many local governments and has been
studied at the National level. Many
municipalities and States have enacted
statutes aimed at either promiscuous uses
of these so' vents or at restrici:Mg the sale
of products containing- toxic !:iolvents, as
in the case of the New Yor City ordi-
nance. However, no concrete action on
iNatianal scale has been sts 'ted to dis-
courage and prevent glue smiting.
The problem is not abatine but rather
Is increasing. Reports contanie to pour
in from my district telling if teenagers
drunk, dizzy, and euphoric fr-an inhaling
fumes of plastic cements an other or-
ganic solvents. Similar even .:s have been
reported in Memphis, Boston, Hawaii,
and other areas throughout tlie Nation.
It is clear from existing rc-;c:arch that
this form of aberrant beh.avioy among our
teen and preteenagers can-es a syn-
drome resembling acute alcoholic intoxi-
iiation. Apart from the incalculable
harm none while ch'ildren a re under its
iminence, inhaling the solvents from
glues and other substancss produces
physical injury. It is appall: it from the
many ,irticles and clinical e; dence that
yours.i.- body can be seriously damaged
from uhalation of certain solvents. I do
not be Sieve we need wait any longer for
additicsail evidence and more substanti-
atilig eases attesting to damage of the
human body. It is time to irati ate a pro-
gram to deter and prevent Vie practice.
Mr. Si,eaker, it is my intent" in to intro-
duce legislation amending ..he Federal
Hazardoas Substances Labcnng Act to
regain manufacturers of glues and other
substmices containing toxic solvents to
label their product with a skull and
crossbones and the word "poison." In
additicia. the tube or bottle containing
the product should bear a laaxil warning
that the vapor may be harmful and that
the product should be used Only in a well-
ventilated area.
The legislation will apply to glues
and other substances containing the
organic solvents most frequently pro-
ducing the intoxicating effect, such as
toluene, xylene, methyl isobutylketone,
methyl cellasolve acetate isopropyl
alcohol, methylethyl ketoiaa acetone,
ethyl saietate, or their combii ations.
lu addition, it will also require that
products containing these is manic sol-
vents be removed from the vieD serve-
yourse, I shelves of stores.
Mr, Speaker, I do not deiade myself
that this legislation will refol:m existing
sniffers, but it may deter any new con-
verts so this dangerous practice. We
must direct efforts aimed at correcting
the underlying emotional disorders to
make any real headway with the hard
core toxic solvent sniffer. These young
People are potential drug addicts of
tomorrow. Let us take steps ro nip many
of these, at an early stage when the
job of rehabilitation is not so difficult
it task.
might add that I believe the Con-
gress should push vigorously ahead with
pending legislation covering civil com-
mitment for drug addicts and a Federal
aid program for drug treatment centers.
We must realize the seriousness of the
problem and take creative steps to aid
those human creatures lost in a world
of opiate dreams to find a pl,ace in lhe
real world.
A FATHER AND HIS SOXT SPEAK
ABOUT VIETNAM
(Mr. RODIN() (at the request of Mr.
DE LA GARzA) was granted permission
to extend his remarks at this point in
the RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. RODIN?. Mr. Speaker, when we-
talk about Vietnam, no one is more de-
serving of being heard than the young
men who are there fighting for us all
and the families of those men here
awaiting their return.
A few days ago, I received a ,elter Iroit
the father of one of those young men,
one who though wounded is still there
in Vietnam engaged against ale enclay.
Nothing that I can say can add to the
courage and determination manliesied
by the words of this father and his son.
I am sure that all my colleagues, all
Americans will share my heartfelt grati-
tude to these two great men and the
pride that they are of us. And, above
all, like our President and all Americans,
I pray that a just and honorable way
may soon be found to end this conflict, so
that Jack and all his comrades may be
home again with their families.
The text of the letter follows:
GLEN RIDGE, NJ
Februarl, ,
lion. PETER W. .RODIN 0, JR.,
Commerce Court Building,
10 COM771CITC Court,
Newark, N
DEAR PETER: That was very nice oi you,
PE1E, to drop roe a little note commenting
on our son Jack being wounded in Vietnam.
This is typical of the thoughtlulness and
consideration you have for your oinstititents,
regardless of their party affiliation, which
has endeared you to so many tl ousands 01
people in the district.
As a Member of Congress you may seen be
called upon to express an opinion either in
support of or opposed to the administra-
tion's policy in Vietnam. You may there-
fore be interested in this excerpt from a
letter we recently received from Jack:
"I was very lucky previously and there is
a chance I won't be so lucky next tion-. If
anything should happen I don't- want any
big moping going on. I chose to ')?, here and
I am proud to do my job."
As President Johnson said kit L night- on.
the television, the boys who are doing a
job like our son Jack have no di iubts at all
whether they are doing the right thing for
our country and our freedom. From your
letter, as well as the fact that y(Ik k have twen
over there personally, I know that, you under-
stand this too. Thus, I know you 'won't be
sidetracked by the strange views of sonar' 01
your colleagues in the Senate whose motives
are so hard to understand.
Thank you again for your letler. I hope
you will take every opportunity to become
as vocal as possible in sunputing our
mission in Vietnam.
With kindest regards,.
W. JEFFERS, : N !i
HR. 13319. EXTENSION OF THE
LIBRARY SERVICES AND CON-
STRUCTION ACT
(Mr. PEPPER (at the request of Mr.
DE LA GARZA) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release ZQQ6/97/13 ? eJAzIRDP6ZBOI1146R000400050004-9
March 7 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENA 4927
Companies that will help feed the world-Continued
Company
Operating data
Stock data
Assets
(millions)
1965
revenues
(millions)
1065
net
income
(millions)
Latest 12
months
earnings
per share
Recent
price
5-year
price
range
1866
indicated
dividend
Yield
(Percent)
CONSTRUCTION
Foster Wheeler
Kaiser Industries
Morrison-Knudsen
Pullman
GRAIN-CARRYING RAILROADS
Atchison, Topeka ck Santa Fe
Chicago, Milwatikee
Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific
C
Illinois entral Industries
Missouri Pacific
Union Pacific
$96 1 $228 $1. 9 $2. 65 481/2 51%-22% 6 $1.40 2. 9
441 7 452 11 15. 1 3 .73 1374 15-51/2 (5)
135 314 5. 3 2. 57 291/2 351/2-26% 1. 60 5.4
300 601 20.6 4. 51 66% 7371/2-2034 2. 40 3.6
1, 857 677 91. 0 3.45 411/2 42 -201/2 1. 60 3. 9
682 241 7. 3 2. 16 611/2 64 - 7 1.00 1. 6
497 211 3 1. 5 650 42% 47 -14% (5)
743 283 9.8 6. 66 78% 81 -311/2 2. 40 3. 1
1, 190 417 26.3 14. 20 941/2 961/2-35% 5. 00 5.3
1,765 549 03.8 4. 03 47% 491/2-27% 1. 80 3.8
112 months ended Sept. 30.
2 Excludes excise taxes.
3 None.
4 Stock data for Unilever NY. shares.
TWICE AS MANY SUKARNOS?
Each generation faces its own crisis. In
the thirties and forties it was the rise of
fascism. In the fifties and sixties it has been
communism. In the seventies and eighties
it's likely to be an even more virulent threat:
Hunger. Americans probably won't go hun-
gry, but most of the rest of the world will,
and we won't be able to escape the conse-
quencies.
On pages 19 through 26 of this issue, the
editors of Forbes examine the economic im-
plications of population growth pressing
against an inflexible food supply. The work
of a six-man Forbes team, the report takes
a generally optimistic view about what U.S.
business can do about the situation-and
how it can benefit from it.
But not everybody is optimistic, and we
think it only fair to expose our readers to
the views of an extremely well-informed
businessman who thinks the prospects for
feeding the world over the next few decades
are dim,
He's Thomas M. Ware, 47-year-o1d chair-
man of International Minerals & Chemical.
Under Tom Ware's brilliant direction IMC
has been extremely aggressive in expanding
in the fertilizer field. But that isn't Tom
Ware's only credential. He is chairman of
the Freedom From Hunger Foundation, a
nonprofit organization that promotes sup-
port among businessmen for the food pro-
grams of the United Nations. Most im-
portant of all, Tom Ware is an engaged and
aroused citizen.
''Hope always springs eternal," he told
Forbes late last month. "But I don't see
how on earth it's possible for the world to
feed itself in the years ahead."
UNDERUSED TOOLS
It isn't a shortage of fertilizer, he em-
phasizes, of implements, of seeds, or even of
land. The trouble is even more basic: It
lies in the human mind. "Intelligence," he
says, "is capital. We've spent billions on
education in this country to get the amount
of intelligence we have today. The under-
developed countries haven't, and they aren't
going to be able to catch up overnight.
"We've got the tools," he goes on. "TV
is a great tool for mass education. Com-
puters and jet planes give seven-league boots
to brilliant men. Satellite communications
can spread ideas instantaneously.
"But, because of a lack of education, of
intelligence, many of our tools are not being
used properly. Atomic power cannot be used
for digging irrigation projects because of
politics. Population control cannot always
be used effectively because of religious ethic.
And remember that the sword we give some-
Estimates.
Plus stock.
212 months ended June 30.
3 Deficit.
one to cut food can also be used to slay
somebody else."
Ware believes that hunger itself breeds
ignorance. "If half the people in the world
are starving," he says, "then half the world's
minds are permanently maimed. They just
don't have the voltage between the ears to
get any work done. How can a mental dwarf
who has no energy grow more food?"
TO THE SKY?
In his own field of fertilizer, Ware says,
proper use takes intelligence and education.
"Every soil is different, and needs different
treatment," he says. "An American farmer
knows just what he needs, and has the
capital to pay for it. But a man who can't
read might put fertilizer on a plant a foot
thick and expect it to grow to the sky. In-
stead the plant would grow at all."
Ware is concerned too that Americans
aren't sufficiently aroused and may wait too
long to take really effective action. He
points out that it took 15 years to open up
his company's big new potash mine in Sas-
katchewan. "For the first 5 years, we had
to sit and assay the market. The next 5 were
taken up with design and planning. The
third 5 were spent actually digging the hole.
In addition to all that time, there was the
$60 million we spent. That experience has
made me very respectful of the meaning of
a doubled population in just 35 years."
SCORCHED EARTH
Finally, he speaks about the scarcity of
arable soil in the world, and of the fact that
world hunger will create turmoil that de-
stroys soil. "The soil was destroyed by war
in the Nile Valley and the Mediterranean
Basin, and now it's being scorched in Viet-
nam," he says. "When you double the
population, you're going to double the num-
ber of Sukarnos, Cubas, Vietnams, library
burnings, and the like. More accurately,
you're probably going to get eight times as
much trouble."
We hope Tom Ware is wrong in his pessi-
mistic view. In fact, he hopes so, too. But
unless the American people and American
business make a mighty effort, and
soon ? ? * well, Ware knows what he i
talking about, if any man does.
CAREFUL ASSESSMENT OF DO S-
TIC PROGRAM EXPENDITURES
URGED
Mr. MILLER. Mr. President, for some-
time I have been convinced that we
must assess very carefully and wisely
the expenditures for our domestic pro-
grams in light of the needs to win the
war in Vietnam.
If we are to have a "win" policy in
Vietnam, we must look at the domestic
programs to determine where cuts should
be made. These cuts rightly should
be channeled into our military effort so
that we may be able to win the war at
the earliest opportunity.
I believe the editor of the Farm Jour-
nal in the March 1966 issue made a very
valid point when he asked:
Isn't it about time we all got into this
war, all made some sacrifice? Should we
just leave all the sacrificing to 200,000 or
more American boys in Vietnam?
The editor is convinced that we can-
not continue full speed ahead on both
the domestic and Vietnam areas without
a necessary trimming back on the do-
mestic front.
This editorial should be required read-
ing for those who believe we can do both,
I ask unanimous consent that the edi-
torial, "It's Our War," be placed in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
IT'S OUR WAR
Isn't it about time we all got into this
war, all made some sacrifice? Should we
just leave all the sacrificing to 200,000 or
more Americans boys in Vietnam?
We may as well admit it: For the most
of us except those boys and their families
back home, life has been going on pretty
cozily. We've followed the news of the war,
but then have gone on about our affairs
undisturbed. Most Americans have been
doing pretty well financially. They've en-
joyed all the usual pleasures and some extra
ones, kept comfortable and snug.
Partly this was because we hoped that this
war which we drifted into would soon end,
and that the Vietnam nightmare would
somehow go away. But we see now that
likely we are in for a long and dirty fight
and that the cost in men and money will
probably go up, not down.
What can we noncombatants do?
Well, for one thing, we can realize we are
'in a war and act like it. We can ask our
Government to do the same.
In his annual budget message the Presi-
dent called on us to "support the struggle
in Vietnam" but then added that "the strug-
gle for a Great Society must go on una-
bated." Unabated, with a war going on?
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
4928 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE March 7, 1966
We doubt that he really meant it, for already
some spending programs have been cut back.
But they need to be trimmed a lot more
and the effort turned to the military struggle
and the prevention of more inflation. Those
are the two big jobs on our hands now.
That's plenty: other things can surely wait.
We can make the draft more fair. It can
never be fully fair, but so far it has been
falling too heavily on the boys not shielded
by the sanctuary of college.
ft we need more taxes to curtail Govern-
ment deficits let's have thern, unpleasant
though taxes are. But not unless or until
we've cut out spending for things we can
forgo or at least postpone. Let's try that
liret.
lIi today's world we need allies. World
opinion is a powerful force. But how many
American boys should we sacrifice for fear
of offending "allies" who are sending food
one materiel to a shooting enemy?
ft seamen to us that the bombing lull,
the dispatch of our emissaries to all parts
of the WOEld, the appeal to the United Na-
tions, futile as that organization is, were all
worth trying. We favor making every other
possible attempt at peace. The President
has tried hard.
What we are asking now is that he first
consult fully with Congress, which he hasn't
done, then have the courage to tell us what
is necessary and when. In brief, let's all of
us begin to share this war, so far as possible,
with the boys doing the fighting. It will be
mighty uneven sharing at best, but at least
we can start acting like this is our war, not
their.
OUR NATION'S CAPITAL COLORING
BOOK
Mr. M.ILLF:R. Mr. President, in digni-
fied impressive ceremonies at Valley
Forge, Pa_ on February 22,1966, the U.S.
Capitol Historical Society was presented
with its second Freedoms Foundation
award. Honored with a 1964 citation
for we, the people, the society was rec-
ognized again for its 1965 publication,
Our Nation's Capital Coloring Book.
The principal Americana Award was
presented to the U.S. Capitol Historical
Society of Washington, D.C.
Honoring, our Nation's Capital Coloring
Hook, using the historic and scenic monu-
ments of the Capital City, re-created our
heritage in story and picture and included a
recommended reading list, a full oolor page
of State flags, a tour map of the city and note
pages.
Representing the society at Valley
Forge was tire driving force founder,
acal first lavsident of the society Fred
Schwerigel of Davenport former Con-
gressman frorn the First District of
low a.
Ti presenting, the George Washington
Honor Medal, Dr. Kenneth D. Wells,
pm;ident of the Freedoms Foundation at
'Valley Forge. made the following re-
marks:
This next award goes to show what can be
done with an idea in this great free society of
ours. The stair of the U.S. Capitol Historical
Society, ever mindful of the importance of
history to the impressionable young, decided
Ilona in order to meet the minds of our youth
it must bend to the child's own media. The
result was a combination history-coloring
book that is now being used in classrooms
all over America. It is one thing to produce
a coloring book, but another to rank among
the top echelon of Freedoms Foundation
awards. Our jury felt that this was a great
thing being done for millions of young Amer-
leans and we are proud to present this medal
to the society. Our most sincere ongratula-
Vona.
Mr. President, I am sure this is an
honor with which all Members of Con-
gress and millions of other pet ole are in
full agreement. All of us know of the
outstanding job that the United States
Capitol Historical Society has been doing
to make our people more acquainted
'with the facts and traditions of the
U.S. Cap itol.
I believe that the untiring work of
Mr. Schwengel should sharc in this
recognition because I know liow long
and how hard he has labored so that
the United. States Capitol Historical So-
ciety will fulfill the dreams of As f
ers.
WETNAM: CONTAINMEIT OR
ICCOMIVIODATION
Mr. MeGEE. M. Presid the
Washington Sunday Star, in its lengthy
and well-put lead editorial :,,estexday,
examined the crux of the cum at debate
over America's Vietnam pc hey, cut
through the entangling maze of ques-
tions and answers and reached a conclu-
sion. That conclusion was thi t, "Given
the importance that Vietnam has as-
sumed as a test case for Mao's doctrines
of revolutionary conquest, th is, at
present no realistic alternativi. to mili-
tary containment" of Red China.
The Star's editorial com.mards atten-
tion, Mr. President, and I ask ulanimous
consent that it be printed in th,! RJ:COMe.
There being no objection, the editorial
was ordered to be printed in tin: RECORD,
as follows:
Luroz., the Washington (D.C.. Star,
Mar. 6, 19661
CRT ISSTJE : CO FITATNME: r OR
ACCOATMODNTION
The no tinning debate on Vig nam has
not produced a solution to our mioblem in
that part of the world. But it has succeeded
to an erica meaging degree in gettine the prob-
lem down to its essentials.
More and more, In recent clays, :.he debate
has begen to transcend the ambiguities a
Vietnam [self and center on the problem
of the containment of Communst China.
More and more, both those who defend our
policies iv Vietnam and those who criticize
them bave east their arguments terms of
a tient ne dation between Ameri( an power
and that of the vast nation which has taken
over as the primary global ante gonist of
the Unite ,1 States.
Most serious critics c-f the adm eistration
now admit that the containment (--tf China,
is: soothe vitt Asia nod elsewhere is a vital
interest iS the United States. Ti' question
is simply ',whether or not the war c Vietnam
serves this purpose. Are we containing or
provoking China in Vietnam? Are we de-
creasing or increasing the risk of all-out con-
-eV-it9 IT. i' we the means of mitt: Vning our
Objectives? I: there, in fact, a practical
alternativii to the military conta mnent of
Chinese expansionism in Viet ,ern and
elsewhere'-
This an; wers to ail of these quo -tions de-
pend finally on an assessment of 0. ii capaci-
ties and an bitions of the regime to Peiping.
It as the critics fear, the capacities of Red
China are virtnally unlimited, military con-
tainment is indeed a dubious proposition.
And if, E.:3 they hope, its ambi Lions are
modest, an alternative :might be found.
The alternative suggested, most explicitly
by Chairman FULBRIGHT of the Stivate For-
eign Relations Committee, is what he cells
an "accommodation" with China on a large
scale. Peiping, he believes, can be induced
to settle for the neutralization of southeast
Asia in return for the withdrawal of Ameri-
can power from the area. If this were done,
he implies, the aggressive nature of the Com-
munist regime would change and stability
would return along China's borders.
In our view the main trouble with this
analysis is the fact that it Is refuted by
virtually every scrap of available evidence
about the capacities and ambitions of the
regime in Peiping?which, incidentally,
greeted Senator Fimanniceir's suggestion with
the revelation that he and his feliow doves
are as big "fools" in Peiping's book as are
the American hawks. It is also in contradic-
tion with the major conclusion based on this
evidence: That today the ambitions of the
leaders in Peiping far exceed their material
capabilities and that the military contain-
ment of China has been an established fact
for 15 years.
Those who would seek to assuage China's
aggressive expansionism by any sort of a deal
In southeast Asia must first close their eyes
firmly to the dimensions of Pelping's terri-
torial appetite. The neutralization, or even
-the outright surrender of Vietnam, Laos, and
Cambodia would amount to a drop in the
bucket to a regime which loudly asserts
traditional claims to hundreds of thousands
of square miles on its periphery.
The presence of American power in Viet-
nam is a minor irritant compared to the
presence of American power in South Korea
or Nationalist Chinese power on Taiwan.
Appeasement in any form is hardly a realistic
solution for a. country whose list of
demands also includes large parts of
Siberia, India, Nepal, Bhutan, Burma, Thai-
land, and Malaysia.
These territorial claims, combined with
the militant spirit of the regime in
Peiping, have in fact forced a policy of
military containment on most of China's
neighbors since the consolidation of com-
munism on the mainland in 1949.
The Chinese have contested this con-
tainment many times in nanny places,
sometimes with success. Tibet has been
invaded and occupied. Direct negressien
has been fostered against South Korea...
Many clashes have occurred riling the
Chinese-Russian border. Probing attacks
have been made on India. The Nationalist
Chinese islands of Quemoy and 11Io TJ111 in the
Formosa Straits have come under bombard.-
ment and the threat of invasion from the
mainland.
Yet, with the exception of Tibet which lead
no means of military defense and India
where the Chinese still occupy some con-
tested border territory, the lines of con-
tainment have held. Today, the encircle-
ment of China about which the loaders in
Peiping constantly complain is very real
Indeed. And the pressure of American
power from northern Japan to Theiland on
which a major sector of the ring of contain-
ment depends has grown to formidable
proportions.
Since Korea, the leadership in Peiping has
carefully avoided the risk of a direct con-
frontation with this American power. Fur
all the bluster about paper tigers they
have backed away from every situation which
threatened to involve American an-power
against Chinese territory. Confident as they
ma.y be of their ability to defeat any actual
invasion of the mainland, the healers in
Peiping are thoroughly aware of Chinies
vulnerability, even in terms of :nonnuclear
weapons that could be brought to Pear.
The formula of conquest by proxy, de-
veloped from Mao Tse-tung's doctrines of
"peoples' wars of national liberation," has in
recent years provided an ingenious solution
to the dilemma which has confronted
China. Without risk of direct involvement,
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13: CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
March 7, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE 4929
the encouragement and support of indigenous
rebellions in areas marked for conquest have
promised to provide the key to unlo6k the
wall of containment and satisfy at least
some of Peiping's territorial ambitions.
Vietnam offered the ideal terrain. Since
the French occupation, all the apparatus for
successful subversive warfare had been at,
hand. A successful "war of national libera-
tion" in Vietnam?particularly one which
ended in the withdrawal of American power
from southeast Asia?would open up in-
numerable opportunities for the expansion
of Chinese domination in southeast Asia.
Above all, perhaps, in the struggle with Rus-
sia for domination of the world Communist
movement, success in Vietnam would provide
the vindication of the Peiping's militant
doctrines.
On the other hand, if Chinese ambitions
should fail in Vietnam the outlook from
Peiping's point of view would be a good deal
less encouraging. If the result of the war
there turned out to be a massive new injec-
tion of American power, the containment
of the rebellion and the strengthening of re-
sistance to subversion in other less vulnera-
ble areas, the leaders in Peiping might be
induced to modify some of their most
cherished hopes.
Indeed, there is good reason to believe
that this result is well on its way to being
achieved. In Laos and Thailand, the Amer-
ican buildup in Vietnam has brought about
a remarkable stiffening of resistance to Com-
munist pressures. In Indonesia, the hope of
the Communists of turning the American
position by seizing power has ended in stun-
ning disaster. In Ghana and Cuba, Mao's
theories of the exportability of world revolu-
tion have suffered serious reverses.
The fact which emerges, and which should
impress itself on American doubters, is that
the very survival of neutralism today in
Asia?in Burma, Cambodia, and Indonesia,
for instance?depends very much on the suc-
cess of the containment effort in Vietnam.
The leaders in Peiping have been impressed
enough by the difficulties which they are en-
countering everywhere to warn their people
that they must expect temporary reverses
and retreats along the road to ultimate vic-
tory.
Given the importance that Vietnam has
assumed as a test case for Mao's doctrines of
revolutionary conquest, there is, at present,
no realistic alternative to military contain-
ment. The time to begin talking about ac-
commodations will come when the door to
aggressive Chinese expansion has been firmly
closed once and for all. Under these condi-
tions, a genuine accommodation would take
the form of opening the door to China's entry
into the community of responsible nations.
And this is the ultimate objective to which
American policy in Asia should be unswerv-
ingly directed.
COOPERATIVE WEATHER
OBSERVERS
Mr. MURPHY. Mr. President, for
more than a hundred years in this coun-
try devoted public servants have been
daily performing a public service of
which most Americans are not aware.
These men are the cooperative weather
observers of the U.S. Department of
Commerce Weather Bureau.
Under this program, the observer is
furnished the necessary instruments and
without compensation he takes and
records daily observations of the weather.
Today in the United States there are
over 12,000 of these observers, and it is
estimated that these volunteers give to
the Government about 1 million hours
yearly.
Mr. President, recently the Commerce
Department published a book saluting
the fine record of those who have been
making weather observations for 30 or
more years. In my own State of Cali-
fornia, there are more than 900 coopera-
tive weather stations in operation and
13 of the men who man these stations
have given over 30 years of service to the
Weather Bureau.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the information from "The
Cooperative Weather Observer," salut-
ing the efforts of the California volun-
teers, be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the excerpt
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
CALIFORNIA
A natural resource of first importance to
California is the diversity of its climates.
Found within her boundaries are the dry
desert climate of the southeast and the
humid region of the northern coastal moun-
tains. Temperatures range from the searing
heat of the desert and the interior valleys
to the usually cool pattern of the north
coast and the cold winter of the high Sierra
Nevadas. It is the cooperative observer who
has documented these several climates
through the years so that we can tell what
they are. The records have many applica-
tions.
Consider, for example, the western portion
of the San Joaquin Valley. This is an area
with a desert-like climate. Few people live
here, but for 50 years the operator of an
oil company pumping plant maintained a
cooperative weather record. Today plans
are being made to bring in irrigation water,
and the long and complete record from
Middlewater forms a basis for estimating the
climate of the rest of that area so that
growers will be able to make effective use
of the newly opened agricultural area.
Form time to time flooding has occurred
in one part of the State or another, and the
records of the cooperative observers are of
vital signiflance in an analysis of these
floods. Not only is it important to know
What rain fell during the flood situation, but
long records of more normal conditions are
necessary if users are to evaluate properly
the significance of the periods of iligh rain-
fall. Damage suits in some flood damage
cases amount to several millions of dollars.
Of interest in delineating the climate of
an area are the infrequent extremes that
suggest the outside limits of weather that
can be expected. Typical is the high tem-
perature of 134 degrees F. observed at Green-
land Ranch on July 10, 1913. Snowfall
amounting to 60 inches was reported in a
24-hour period on January 18 and 19, 1933,
at Giant Forest. The total for a season was
884 inches at Tamarack in 1906-07. Some
of the hee,veist precipitation rates are 1.03
inches in 1 minute at Opids Camp on April
5, 1926, 11.50 inches in 80 minutes at Campo
on August 12, 1891, and 26.12 inches in 24
hours at Hoegees on January 22, 1943.
Without the help of the cooperative ob-
servers who make their readings regularly
each day we would have no information on
which to base an estimate of these extremes.
HOWARD It, ALLARD, WILLOWS
Mr. Allard has been the official observer in
Willows since 1926, continuing a record
started in 1878. For 36 years he was with
the irrigation district until his retirement
in 1956, and since that time he has served
as a city official in Willows. He has taken an
active position of leadership in the com-
munity, in his church, and in the several
branches of the Masonic lodge. At Willows,
as at many stations, the weather observa-
tions have been a family project.
ERNEST J. ANDERSON, ORLEANS
Mr. Anderson became the observer at Or-
leans in 1932, continuing a record that
started in 1885. For his outstanding work
he was given the John Carnpanius Holm
award in 1964.
ROBERT E. BURTON, SANTA CRUZ
Mr. Burton has operated this station since
1931, except for the war years when he was
on duty in the Pacific with the U.S. Navy.
During that time he served on Ponape and
operated a weather station there. His wife,
son, and a neighbor operated the Santa Cruz
weather station during that period.
As a special project Mr. Burton has devised
equipment for estimating the amount of dew
deposited on redwood trees and has found as
much as 40 to 60 gallons of water per acre
on some nights. He received the John Cam-
pa,nius Holm award in 1964.
At the present time Mr. Burton is a county
supervisor for Santa Cruz County,
CARLOS A. CALL, FORT ROSS
In 1907 Mr. Call succeeded his father, who
had been observing precipitation at Fort
Ross since 1874. A storm in November of
1874 gave a measured total of 18.06 inches
of precipitation in 24 hours, and probably
the amount was more than 20 inches. The
gage ran over at one time during the storm.
Mr. Call has sent us copies of data extracted
from the records of the Russian colony that
manned Fort Ross as early as 1810.
The 91-year record within the family and
the 58-year record by Carlos Call are out-
standing not only for their length but also for
their quality. Mr. Call was chosen in 1960 to
receive the John Campanius Holm award and
in 1965 the, Jefferson award for outstanding
service as a cooperative observer.
WALTER CANTRALL, JESS VALLEY
Mr. Cantrell was born in Jess Valley and
he continued to live there to the present
time. He has been the sole observer at this
station since its establishment in 1929, and
the record is not worthy for the total lack of
missing data.
Shortly after this station was established
Mr. Cantrall assisted water resource officials
In the selection, measurement, and marking
of a new snow course that is still in use more
than 30 years later.
EDWARD C. GERLACH, LONE TREE CANYON
Mr. Gerlach has been the 'observer ever
since this station was established in 1933.
It is in an area of precious little rainfall,
where an accurate measurement of what
little does fall is of vital importance. He is
interested in community activities and has
donated land to the Rod and Gun Club for
their rifle range.
LEROY KEMP, SQUIRREL INN NO, 2
Mr. Kemp was first appointed as the offi-
cial observer in 1929, although he had in fact
been taking observations for several years
prior to this, both at Squirrel Inn No. 1 and
No. 2. He visited the San Bernardino Moun-
tains for a summer vacation in 1924 and has
remained there for 40 years. During that
time he has worked for the Squirrel Inn, the
school district, and the fire protection dis-
trict, among others, retiring in 1960. For
many years he has sent in special weekly
snow reports during the winter for the Na-
tional Weekly Weather and Crop Bulletin.
ARCHIE C. LEACH, CAMPO
Mr. Leach is a rancher who was formerly
with the engineering department of the city
of San Francisco. His engineering back-
ground and his present interests lead to close
attention to the accuracy of his precipitation
records. He has operated the Campo weather
station since January 1926.
This station experienced a cloudburst on
August 12, 1891, that produced 11.50 inches
of precipitation in 80 minutes. . The-intensity
of the storm is documented by newspaper
accounts of the damage done.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
4930 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE March 7, 1966
i;0 0 N a. PAULSON., ST. HELENA
Mr. Paulson was born in St. Helena, and
except for brief periods of work in other
communities he has lived there to the pres-
ent time. He became a printer in 1902 and
worked at that trade until he retired in 1955.
He has been the weather observer at St.
Helena since 1921, continuing a record started
in 1907. His station was one that was chosen
to test the dial thermometer a few years ago,
and Mr. Paulson received the John Cam-
panins :Holm Award in 1961. He lives on his
own ranch with his two brothers..
anima C. RICE. Los BANoS
"Mr. Rice is a licensed civil engineer, em-
ployed as watermaster and chief hydrogra-
pher for the network of irrigation canals
serving morn of central California. Prior to
his present employment he was with the U.S.
Geological Survey and with Southern Cali-
fornia Edison Co., serving at various times in
Washington, D.C., San Francisco, Honolulu,
Kansas, and Arizona. He has published a
number of articles in his field, including one
that, appeered in the Monthly Weather Re-
view.
Mr. Rice has been the official observer at
Los Banos since 1931 and has done an out-
standing job of summarizing weather records
that go back to 1873. In 1962 he was
awarded the John Campanius Holm Award
for outstanding service.
WILLIAM B. TEMPLE, cOVINA TEMPLE Fc 19:3
Mr. Temple,. a leadre in civic affairs in the
Covina area. is continuing a precipitation
record started by his father in non and as-
sumed by him in 1930. In recent years the
eisrms orchard that surrounded his home has
given way to a subdivision that has built up
in the area.
muoviN H. TING, EsnoNineo
Mr. Ting has been the observer at this
station since February 1935, when he :re-
placed Mr. Moon, who had served for 41 years.
Mr. Ting is a pharmacist and owns and op-
erates his own drugstore.
wHITTIER CITY HAIL
'Mr. Warren is an official of the Whittier
Water Co. and reports rainfall information to
the Los Angeles County Flood Control Dis-
isriet aI wed its to the Weather Bureau.
Tit E AMERICAN MERCHANT
MARINE POLICY
Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, the
el-airman of the House Committee ,on
Merchant Marine and Fisheries, Repre-
aitative EDWARD A. GARMATZ, of Mary-
hind, recently spoke before the Maritime
Administrative Bar Association on the
subject of American merchant marine
policy.
I ailing his 18 years in Congress, Rep-
re;entative GARMATZ has acquired an ex-
pert knowledge of the problems facing
our merchant marine. He is eminently
tit:alined to speak on maritime matters.
1.,?:enresentative GARMATZ, in his speech,
calls for an end of the proliferation of
studies of merchant marine problems
and a beginning of effective remedial ac-
tion. He points especially to the con-
st.aiction of nuclear propelled merchant
vessels as a stimulus to reverse the de-
ne of the merchant marine.
F am in complete agreement with Rep-
ic!;entative GArincourz' plea to end the
i:revailing in our maritime
program.
Mr. Pi, ?tient, I ask unanimous con-
sent that; die speech of Representative
GiaRMATz to the Maritime Administrative
liar Association on February 10, 1966, be
printed in the RECORD.
The being no objection, the speech was
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows:
Its.mARE a OF HON. EDWARD A. GARMATZ, CHAIR-
MAN, HOUSE COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT
MARINE AND FISHERIES, BEFORE THE MARI-
TLY1E ADMINISTRATIVE BAR ASSOCIATION,
Lawysas CLUB, WASIIINGToN, D.C., FEBRU-
ARY 10, 1966
We have all been reading and nearing that
the immediate months ahead are critical ones
for the .American merchant marine and ship-
building industry. PerhapS they will be, but
T suspei that the important matters for ad-
Ministrati ve, executive, and legislative deci-
sion, will be of a different nature than many
people are thinking.
do not expect that 'vie will be ectively con-
cerned iluring this session of Congress with
any drastic or revolutionary overhaul of our
:national maritime policy or programs.
Whatever else might be said about the
American merchant marine, it has hardly
been the subject of insufficient study.
Since I was first elected to Congress 18
years ago, there has scarcely been a year when
sonic governmental committee or quasi-
governmental committee, was not analyzing
or dissecting the American merchant marine.
During those years, we have witnessed at
least 25 major studies of varying descriptions
by the executive and legislative branches of
our Goy ernment?not to mention countless
minor studies.
In more recent years, we have had the
project Walrus report of the National Acad-
emy of science, the report of the Maritime
Evaluation Committee of the Department of
Commerce, the Interagency Maritime Task
Force Report, and the report or the Presi-
dent's Maritime Advisory Committee.
I am ready to make one prediction?that
WO are reaching inevitably the end of an
ern?the time is approaching when there
must be a. halt to this proliferation of studies.
Either we will find a way to follow through
with ths effective execution of our mari-
time poliny and programs, as enacted by
Congress, or there will no longer be a sub-
ject available for study. I am confident that
the way for promoting and sustaining a
healthy American merchant marine and ship
Minding industry, will be found.
in 111 y (minion, the difficulties which now
beset our maritime industry are largely at-
tributable to the ineffective, and half-hearted
adminisiration of the statutory programs,
rather than to any basic deficiencies in the
programs themselves. Indeed, all of the
maritime studies, except one-- the Inter-
agency Meritime Task Force Report?seem
to agree with that conclusion.
in any hearings which our committee may
hold on this subject, I intend to investigate
se fully as possible the underlying reasons
tor the persirtent and continual Administra-
tive that has, ianforturintely, char-
acterized our maritime programs_
Recently the thought has been advanced
that the revclutionary ideas proposed by the
present :Mt Mime Administrator have accom-
plisned um very worthwhile and beneficial
purpose- elf nothing else?they have caused
the Ic fit; -try -7,o think.
Obyk.raly, I must agree, as I iiixpect any-
one would, that thought is giiod. Such
platitud( a, however, do not alley my con-
cern for those who would seek to deviate
from or to destroy our basic maritime legis-
lative pr,l.graM.
Thougat without action in a commercial
HEllistry is merely stultifying. Se are not
attempting to develop a group of philoso-
phers.
A diagnosis without a cure or continuous
aeliberation without a decision eventually
will pro ince stagnation and pc-vent any
progress.
T am f earful that the present chaotic and
frenzied state of affairs has produced harm-
ful rather than beneficial results.
Announced confusion over the administra.-
tion of our maritime programs has created
uncertainty.
A prospect that domestic operators may be
allowed to construct vessels abroad certainly
discourages new construction by ,iuch opera-
tors in domestic shipyards.
The threat that our cargo preference laws
may be repealed hinders new construction
by operators of bulk carrier vessels.
These vagaries in our own maritime pro-
gram have impeded the development of the
American merchant marine and have un-
wittingly given encouragement tri the mer-
chant marines of other nations.
The Maritime Administrator keeps calling
for something new?the miracle that will
solve all of our problems. I see many new
developments, especially in the area of nu-
clear propulsion and containerization?but I
see virtually no action by the AT:datum Ad-
ministration. "
Six years ago I introduced a bill, to en-
courage the construction of nuclear merchant
vessels, as the second phase of our nuclear
ship program, but I have heard of little in-
terest in this field by the Maritime Admin-
istration.
How new must something be to whet the
whistle of those who chase the rainbow?
Perhaps even nuclear propulsion is now too
antedated for them and some more exotic
technological change is sought.
Let us return to reality.
The United States has spent a lm-re amount
of money to develop what is still the world's
only Commercial nuclear vessel ..- the N.S.
Savannah.
That vessel is now outmoded, 15 we knew
It soon would be.
Yet the money has been wisely spent, ir we
move ahead promptly in the second phase of
our nuclear ship program which will be far
less expensive than the first. If we do not
move ahead, the substantial moneys that
have been expended will have been wasted.
I believe that we are now on the verge of
a technological breakthrough, in the con-
struction of nuclear propelled merchant
vessels. Nuclear propulsion is n 1 longer a
fanciful dream, or something that is not firm-
ionic-ally feasible.
We have the present ability ti cres to a
fleet of large, fast, nuclear-pow red ships,
which by their size, speed and ability to load
and discharge, could, in a comparatively
short time, dominate the point-to-point com-
mon carrier movement of the world's com-
merce.
I believe that a program designed to pro-
vide support for a minimum r umber of
nuclear-propelled vessels must be com-
mended immediately in American shipyards.
There is at least one American-flag operator
ready and willing to pursue such a progrern,
and ham confident that others will follow.
At the present time, the United States has
a temporary advantage in the field of nuclear
propulsion, but the real advantage will be
ours, only if we capitalize on it.
Eoreign operators are not emir ebered by
the type of inertia that prevails in our
time program and they will eventually move
forward. The Germans are now building the
Otto Hahn, a nuclear bulk carries, and the
Japanese are contracting for a nuelear pro-
pelled oceanographic vessel. The Russians
have the Lcnin, a large nuclear icebreaker.
These are the foreign equivalents of the NS
Savannah, except, that at least in 0 of these
foreign nuclear vessels already incorporate
reactor designs that I am informed are
superior to the Savannah.
Ironically enough, these foreif a reactor
designs were derived directly from our own
maritime reactor program.
If we are to maintain our lean in nniri-
time nuclear power, and simultaneously to
capitalize upon current developments in
ocean transportation, we must make a deci-
sion now?thinking about it is not enough.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For
March 7, 1966 CON
without a country to indulge in sneaky
tricks.
The crux of the matter is that Nkrumah
condemned Prof. Kofi Abrefa Busia, one of
the most brilliant Africans, Komla Agbeli
Gbedemah, our most able politician, and
other Ghanaians to the same fate he faces
now and does not like the idea in the least.
He is, in effect, tasting his own medicine and
feels the tang of the bitterness of it.
What does Sekou Toure hope to achieve by
acceding to such a preposterous idea and step
down as President? This is obvious if the
situation of Africa is known.
Sekou Toure, like many other African lead-
ers, is not secure in his own country. It is
a fact which is well-guarded. His fear is to
avoid the fate which befalls all ambitious
people?overthrow; the fate which Nkrumah
has suffered.
Besides, Sekou Toure, Modibo Keita of Mali
as well as many other African leaders, are not
very sure of their footing in the world poli-
tics without Nkrumah's guidance. (This is
the reason for Nkrumah having little regard
for their intelligence.) They follow in
Nkrumah's footsteps like faithful dogs.
Without Nkrumah to dictate and direct their
affairs, they are like toddlers who do not
understand the world about them and are
therefore unable to decide things for them-
selves.
Sekou Toure wants Nkrumah .in power?.
in Ghana, that is?to continue following
him like the faithful dog he is. It is at once
selfish and uninspired.
If Sekou Toure fails?as he is bound to?
in this strategy, what does he expect to do?
Nothing much as far as can be seen. While
desperation may force both Nkrumah and
Sekou Toure to some rash action, war with
Ghana has to be ruled out. Apart from the
inferior equipment and ill-training of the
Guinean Army as compared to that of Ghana,
an army from Guinea will have to cross the
Ivory Coast which divides the two countries.
This is something too farfetched to be be-
lieved since Nkrumah and Houphouet-
Boigny, President of the Ivory Coast, never
saw eye to eye. Besides, war is the last thing
any African leader thinks about.
What may not be ruled out is harrassment
by Sekou Toure, Modibo Keita and Nyerere
of Tanzania of the Ghana Revolutionary
Council on international platforms. What
the council needs therefore, is the quick rec-
ognition due it from governments of the rest
of the world?especially Western countries.
This will stymie the attempts not only of
Eastern countries but also of eastern-inspired
and eastern-leaning countries which might
want to involve themselves in the affairs of
Ghana.
We are rid of a dictator and tyrant. We
are rid of a regime which took us from one
form of oppression to another more oppres-
sive, more cruel and more exploiting. We
are rid of a regime which was filled with liars
and self-aggrandizing neosocialists.
The wish of every Ghanaian in these mo-
ments is to see a new government comprised
of young, intelligent, honest and sincere peo-
ple who will bring to our people the happi-
ness and prosperity to which they are rightly
entitled.
Our wish is to see a government devoted to
removing the cancer of ignorance, disease
and poverty which has riddled Africa for
centuries and introduce the economic, polit-
ical, and social possibilities which will make
it possible for us to forge ahead in the world.
And, by Jove, we are going to get it?in spite
of the designs by other African leaders who
seek to further their political ambitions at
the expense of Ghana and Ghanians.
se 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
SSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX A1217
The Insight of Carl T. Rowan
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. GEORGE A. SMATHERS
OF FLORIDA
IN THE SENATE OF' THE UNITED STATES
Monday, March 7, 1966
Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, Carl
T. Rowan is one of the newer nationally
syndicated columnists now commenting
on national and international affairs.
In my judgment, he has demonstrated
over the past few months that he has
sound judgments and superior writing
skills. His exposition of difficult prob-
lems is always lucid, calm, and thought-
ful.
In my opinion, Mr. Rowan brings
some special qualifications to the com-
mentator's art because, unlike a num-
ber of his contemporaries, Carl Rowan
has rendered distinguished service to the
Federal Government?as an ambassador
and later as director of the U.S. Infor-
mation Agency.
In short, having seen government both
as a journalist and as a public official,
Mr. Rowan seems to be happily free
from the "beast theory" of the conduct
of public affairs and in my opinion writes
about men and events in terms of actu-
ality, rather than some vague or ima-
gined conspiracy.
I find his columns refreshing and al-
ways interesting. I call attention to his
column of March 4, 1966, which appeared
in the Washington Evening Star, and
ask unanimous consent that the column
by Carl T. Rowan be inserted in the
Appendix of the RECORD.
There- being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE REASON HUMPHREY EXPLODED
(By Carl T. Rowan)
To understand the vigor of Vice President
HUBERT HUMPHREY'S disagreement with Sen-
ator ROBERT F. KENNEDY, Democrat, of New
York, on Vietnam, you have to understand
the nuances of what HUMPHREY was doing on
his par East trip.
HUMPHREY exploded when he heard of
KENNEDY'S proposal that the United States
promised the Vietcong a role in a future gov-
ernment of South Vietnam because he felt
KENNEDY had undercut the major achieve-
ment of his journey.
During the summit meeting in Honolulu,
President Johnson had become concerned
about the delicate political situation in
Saigon. 4e had been impressed by argu-
ments that the talk of negotiations had
freightened some powerful forces in the
south. There was some danger that the gov-
ernment of Prime Minister Nguyen Cao Ky
would collapse if it were not made clear that
there was no scheme afoot to abandon South
Vietnam to the Reds.
SO HUMPHREY'S first job was simple?to
convince leading South Vietnamese that the
United States was not going to surrender the
south to Hanoi?but that neither United
States nor world opinion would permit
Saigon to take the truculent attitude of op-
posing negotiations.
Hunarrumy left Saigon feeling that he had
calmed South Vietnamese anxieties and con-
vinced Saigon of the desirability of a peaceful
settlement. Then, in New Zealand, he saw
KENNEDY'S proposal for a coalition.
"Oh, no," he reportedly exclaimed, "this
will frighten the South Vietnamese to death."
Without waiting for instructions from
Washington, he denounced the idea of put-
ting Communists in the Saigon government
as like "putting a fox in a chicken coop."
Back home, the Vice President has told in-
timates that he wants to avoid a fight with
KENNEDY "but I can't remain silent in the
face of talk that is so stupid. No labor or-
ganizer in his right mind would announce
before negotiations what he was prepared to
give up. It's like saying publicly that you
don't really want a strong organization to
represent the workers but you'd be satisfied
with just a little company union."
Johnson also is eager to avoid an open
fight with KENNEDY, which is why so many
people spent so many hours trying to gloss
over KENNEDY'S initial break with the ad-
ministration.
But in private, top members of the Johnson
team express their irritation with KENNEDY
by asserting that he is "only after the head-
lines."
They point out that KENNEDY had access
to the most sensitive intelligence informa-
tion and knows that the Vietcong is simply
the instrument through which Hanoi set out
to conquer South Vietnam.
Administration spokesmen show particular
irritation when they ask, "Why didn't KEN-
NEDY propose the coalition 3 years ago when
he could have shared the responsibility for
It?"
As for other aspects of the Vice President's
travels, I reported on January 7, after his
early trip, that he had arranged for greater
Asian involvement in the war?if the peace
offensive failed. The Koreans have just an-
nounced that 25,000 more troops are going to
Vietnam. And Philippines President Ferdi-
non E. Marcos, who a year ago opposed in-
volvement of even a Filipino engineers unit
in Vietnam, has disclosed that HUMPHREY
convinced him he ought to send Filipino
troops to South Vietnam.
One of the most important and unpubli-
cized achievements of the Vice President's
recent mission was to arrange to keep chan-
nels of communications open to Hanoi,
Peiping, and Moscow.
The war plans are being stepped up but the
Vice President arranged that?through the
Pakistanis to the Chinese, through the In-
dians to the Russians, and through some
delicate channels directly to Hanoi?the olive
branch is to be constantly dangled.
If a peaceful settlement of this wretched
war is achieved, it very likely will be because
of communications through these channels?
but surely not because of any widely debated
proposals and gestures on the American
political scene.
Changing Agriculture
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ROBERT DOLE
OF KANSAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 7, 1966
Mr. DOLE. Mr. Speaker, at a time
when nationwide, in fact worldwide, at-
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP671300446R000400050004-9
AI218 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX March 7, 1966
ten Lion is focused upon assisting hungry
nations, the outstanding editorial which
appeared in the Kansas City Star just
yesterday. March 6, is of particular in-
terest. The editorial by Rod Turnbull,
the Star's agricultural editor, discusses
world food needs and the possible effect
on domestic farm plans. As he states,
'Once a commitment has been made, it
will be difficult to turn back."
Mr. Turnbull is widely recognized for
his knowledge of agriculture and, with-
out question, one of the Nation's top
agricultural editors. I believe everyone
will agree his editorial is an exceptional
one.
Panw SuRFLUSES FALL AS A VICTIM OF DEMAND
ItPee00r an executive of a wheaterower
organization wrote to his members: "If some-
one had said to me 2 years ago 'your excess
supplies of wheat would be gone by July 1,
1966; I would have said, 'listen Bud, you
have your bead in the clouds.' "
'ibis comment illustrates tam national sur-
prise over the apparent disappearance of the
U.S. farm surplus problem. No doubt it has
crone as a surprise--if in fact we can say
that the surpluses are gone.
Actually, it does seem as if all at once au-
thorities are speaking of our farm surpluses
as something in the past and are referring
to stockpiles as reserves, rather than prob-
lems. Certainly this wasn't the attitude
even less than a year ago, when the 1965
farm act was passed by Congress. The new
law provided for still greater reductions in
acreages to control production.
Now, in contrast, the Department ol Agri-
culture is ever so slightly loosening some of
the reins on production in 1966. Also there
are people who propose that this country had
better hurriedly return to using its idle acres
before we run into serious worldwide food
problems.
What happened? How could the change
come so fest as between surplus piles and re-
serves, or even shortages?
it is'., long story, difficult to explain in all
its details. But in the main, the big change
that has come faster than most people antic-
ipated her been in demand, both domestic
aid worldwide, and in both the dollar mar-
kets and our giveaway programs.
A second major shift has been in attitude,
perhaps induced by the rapidly expanding
demand. Surpluses are not measured en-
tirely in pounds or bushels alone, we are
learning. Another factor is whether the
public or the market regards a certain quan-
ti ty as a surplus or a. reserve.
leer any valid assessment of the current
situation as to surpluses versus reserves, it
should be kept in mind that this country has
substantial stocks of grains on hand. Esti-
mates are being made that as of July 1 this
year the wheat surplus may be down to 600
million bushels. Tins would be the carry-
over of wheat on hand as the new harvest
began. incidentally, that 600-million figure
is one often proposed as the amount this
country always should have in reserve--it is
approximately what we use annually at
home for food and seed.
'the United States never had a carryover
or 600 million bushels until 1940. This
ISOUIlt was depleted during the war years
and the total did not get back up to the 600-
million figure again 'until 1953. We will also
have more than a billion bushels in corn on
hand next October 1. Again, the carryover
f8 this feed grain never in all history reached
a billion bushels until 1955. So we're not
yet scratching the bottom of the barrel when
it comes to supplies of these grains. That cir-
cumstance, indeed, is one thing that has the
administration worried. It fears that de-
mand for increasing production will break
tee dike again and bring about a return of
surplus piles before an absolute outlet for all
can be assured.
the urplus piles, which have impressed
themselms ?0 much upon the Nation, grew
in the late 1950's. The decisive jump in
carryover wheat stocks came after the huge
1958 crop of 1,457,435,000 bushels. Inciden-
tally. the average per-acre yield that year was
27.5 buithels, a figure never achieved before
nor since. The wheat carryover continued to
grow urell 1961 when it peaked at 1,411 mil-
lion bushels. As mentioned, predictions are
that it will be at around 600 million bushels
this Jule I.
The feed emmr'. surplus likewise grew in the
1950's, reselling a top of 4,700.000 tons in
1961. IL is expected to be at ar tund 6 mil-
li, in tons this next October. Strangely
enough, while the feed grain yields were
Large in the 1950's, they have been even
huger in the 1960's, with alltime records set
in 1965 on corn, eats, barley and grain
sorghun
The surpluses accumulated, obviously, be-
cause production was greater than consump-
tion. In turn, the surplus piles are growing
smaller now for the simple reason that larger
amounts of 'rhe grain are being consumed.
The reasons why are impressioe and their
development, which seems to have caught so
many by surprise, is interesting
The one word that describes tile situation
still is demand.
Demean has skyrocketed because of,
among other things:
Prosperity in the advanced nations of the
world.
Hugh needs in the less-advanced nations
of the w arid.
The rapidly increasing world population.
On the opposite side of demand significant
developments have included short wheat
crops in both Australia and Argentina, tradi-
tionally important exporting nations.
Not to be overlooked is the shock that
came to the world when the Soviet Union, a
former exporter, had to buy wheat in huge
quantities.
iiirdareied against all the indications of in-
creasing demand is the realization that the
only major grain surplus-produeing area in
the woied is North America-- the United
States and Canada.
All these factors together have changed
attitudes in just what constitutes a surplus.
In otIng words, a given quantity of wheat
or corn dosen't appear so big or market-
frightening as it did some year: ago.
Now as For these forces that are skyrocket-
ing demand. It will be observed that many
are interrelated.
First, world prosperity, which affects the
United States and most of the other
advanced nations.
In this country the utilization of feed
grains, 85 percent of which go I or livestock
.end poultry feed, has been rising markedly
since the middle 1950's. Both population
growth and prosperity have con tributed to
such expanding use. In the marketing year
1954-55, the United States required 89,700-
000 tons of feed grains to feed its livestock.
This year art estimate is that the correspond-
ing utilzation will be 119,100,000 tons.
But even more dramatic--and greater in
percentage--has been the increase of feed
grain exports. Th.ey, too, began to rise in
tIre middle 1.950's. The total in 195.1-55 was
fj, million, tons. Without an exception
there has been an increase each year since
then. And in 1966 the total should reach
an amusing 25 million tons.
The major feed grain is corn. A 3-billion-
bushel crop used to be considered a big one
for the united States. All through the
1950's, when surpluses were building up, the
corn crops were running above 3 billion and
approaching 4 billion.. Our first 4-billion-
bushel crop was harvested in 1963,
Last year, an alltime record was set with
4,171 million bushels. The significant point
Is that we apparently are going to use it all
this year, domestically and in exports. The
carryover next October 1 will be approxi-
mately 1,200 million bushels, or just about
the same as it was on the same date a year
ago. A record crop, but no increase in
surplus.
More poultry, more livestock in Europe
and Japan spell big business for U.S. .feed
grain exporters. People in the countries are,
as we say in the United States, eating higher
on the hog. The first part of this year, for
example, combined exports of grain sor-
ghums and corn to Italy were up 70 percent
over the same period in the previous year.
Japan is the No. 1 importer of liL, corn and
and soybeans and its take of these two
grains was up 61) percent the first quarter of
this year. Spain, West Germany, the Neth-
erlands, and Belgium all are taking more and
more. American salesmanship has some-
thing to do with this boost in trade, j ut
general prosperity can't be discounted
Hardly anybody back in 1955 would have
predicted totals in exports that are being
experienced today. There were authorities
at that time, however, who were contending.
that the way to get rid of surpluses was
to get out and sell them.
The feed grain exports go mostly for
dollars. It is a different story with wheat.
But the effect on the surplus pile is the
same. The United States has been sending
more and more wheat abroad since 1955.
Here poverty and famine in the world are
dominating factors. In the current year
the total may reach 900 million bushels. A
major part of this will be under the Public
Law 480 program, even though our dollar
exports have been increasing also. Domestic
consumption, plus exports, will require some
200 million more bushels of wheat than the
United States raised last year.
It will be observed from the foregoing
data that the utilization of grain produced
in this country took an appreciable upward
trend in the middle 1950's which not only
has continued to this day, but appears to
be accelerating. At the same time we have
had a farm program which has taken some
50 to 60 million acres out of production.
This decrease must have had some effect
on production, even when record yields were
being experienced. Farmers in the Corn Belt,
it has been estimated, have almost doubled
their use of fertilizer since 1960.
To whatever extent the farm program has
checked total yields, it has helped, along
with greater utilization, to reduce the surplus
piles.
Thus we find ourselves today with sur-
pluses in smaller quantities than was the
case a few years ago. Plus the fact that
because of current and pending demand, a
given quantity of surplus doesn't frighten
us as much as before. With this new situa-
tion in regard to surpluses, we face new
decisions on how to proceed in agriculture.
One major decision must be on how much
we intend to commit to the hungry nations
of tile world. The result will have its effect
on all farm plans. Once a commitment has
been made, it will be difficult to turn back.
After deciding what we intend to supply
to the hungry nations then, since we have
a Government-planned agriculture, it will be
up to the administration to determine what
the production acreage should be and what
reserves should be maintained. Thc assump-
tion now is that acreage controls will be re-
laxed to some extent, with possibly all re-
strictions on plantings removed by 1975.
The weather remains an unknown factor.
We have experienced in recent years perhaps
the best crop-growing period in recent his-
tory. Suppose there is a trend the other
way?
It will take a master hand on the con-
trols lever to determine just what acreage
Is needed in the various crops which have
been under Government guidance but which
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 ? GIM3DP679t9MN24000500041yarch 7, 1966
A1244 CONGRESSIONAL iltuu tt u
find more nonessential areas in which to
do it rather than take a chance on cut-
ting down and into our wisest investment
in the future of America, the encourage-
ment of a healthy, well-nourished, whole-
some, American youth, in the best edu-
cational environment we can devise.
Greek Lesson Applies to Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ABRAHAM J. MULTER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 7, 1966
Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, Seymour
Freidin has pointed out in the following
article from the February 26, 1966, edi-
tion of the New York Herald Tribune
that the situation we face in Vietnam
today is directly analogous to that we
faced in postwar Greece when the
Truman doctrine saved that nation from
certain Communist takeover.
Mr. Freidin's article is very much to
the point and I commend it to the at-
tention of our colleagues:
OITR GREEK LESSONS APPLY TO VIETNAM
(By Seymour Freidin)
SAIGON.?This is a war the Vietnamese
must fight and win, with help, but none of
the choleric critics and self-appointed peace-
makers abroad really consider them.
After 20 years of bloodletting and terror
there is a pronounced battle fatigue. But
the people of South Vietnam show no sign
that they are ready to yield. Indeed, if
they didn't have the will to persist, all Viet-
nam. would by now have been in Communist
hands.
This fact has been ignored by the critics
as they search for methods of bypassing
the South Vietnamese.
The determination to 'assure social re-
form, the vast military operation?which
confounds the Communists?and the proj-
ects for pacifying South Vietnam are really
just beginning. Their successful comple-
tion requires time, stamina, and compre-
hension.
T.J.S. forces speak with assurance and ad-
miration of the Vietnamese and the future
of their country. The Americans here are
quite a new breed from those we knew in
World War IL They are, in the main, knowl-
edgeable and compassionate. Moreover, they
know why they are here.
A realization, therefore, has grown rapid-
ly that the nearest parallel to South Viet-
nam in contemporary history is that of post-
war Greece. There, Communist guerrillas
included combat forces and highly organ-
ized, tightly discipline political activists.
Desperately poor, the country depended on
its tough-willed but have-not rural popula-
tion to power the economy. By the time the
Truman. doctrine was promulgated nearly 20
years ago, the Greek Government was most
unpopular and inept.
Haying been short circuited immediately
after the war by the direct role of Win-
ston Churchill, Communist cadres cached
Weapons and munitions. They had a huge
frontier sanctuary across the Albanian, Yugo-
slav, and Bulgar borders. Soon they were
falling upon mountain villages, exacting
bloody reprisals and exorting taxes and ran-
som. Government forces were riddled with
intrigue and bad leadership. The nation
had avaricious politicians to match.
When we came to Greece, after Britain
bowed out due to exhausted resources, Com-
munist guerrillas were at the gates of Athens.
Our first move was to try and pour tangible
aid into the country. ? Profiteering com-
menced and corruption spread.
Sound familiar? There were the critics
of the "Truman intervention" who said
Greece was too far gone and that we didn't
belong there anyway. Gradually, the whole
program was upgraded, emphasizing security
and social reform.
With the rejuvenation came a govern-
mental and military shakeup. Marshal
Papagos became the take-charge man for
Greece. We sent in skilled officers, who
worked down to the company level with a
refitted Greek Army that went out to seek
and destroy the guerrillas and their nation-
wide network.
In mid-civil war, Tito, having broken with
Stalin, closed his borders to the Greek
guerrillas, sealing their doom. But before
that, assistance teams went out to the re-
motest, most wretched hamlets and worked
at reform, which the Communists always
tried to prevent.
The lamenters and the cynics declared that
the Greek-American plan couldn't possibly
work; that the Communists were riding the
wave of revolution. Moreover, they worried,
the Soviet Union could not stand by idly
and see our presence so near.
What happened in Greece is history. Lots
of the same treatment?curing social in-
justice and, above all, providing security?
is on the way to Vietnam now.
The Government has a chance under
Nguyen Cao Ky. He is young and impatient
but intelligent. Ky knows that the real
battlefront is reform and development. To
win takes time. The Vietnamese know it.
So should we. Greece is our shining ex-
ample.
"Job Center To Be Reality"
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. SAM GIBBONS
OF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 7, 1966
Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Speaker, busi-
nessmen the country over are taking an
increasingly active role in the War on
Poverty. As an example of this fact, I
cite an article appearing in the Omaha,
Nebr., Woild-Herald of February 20,
dealing with the efforts of one Omaha
businessman, J. 0. Grantham, director
of long-range manpower planning for
the Northern Natural Gas Co., to help
secure a men's Job Corps center at the
Lincoln, Nebr., Air Force Base.
I commend this article to my col-
leagues:
JOB CENTER To BE REALITY?OIVLAHAN SAYS
LINCOLN WILL GET APPROVAL
The Omahan spearheading a drive to cre-
ate a men's Job Corps center at the Lincoln
Air Force Base said Saturday he is confident
the center will be approved.
J. 0. Grantham, director of long-range
man power planning for the Northern Natu-
ral Gas Co., said he hopes the remaining
hurdles can be cleared Tuesday when two
Federal Job Corps officials from Washington
spend the day in Ornaha and Lincoln.
Mr. Grantham said he feels the Federal
Government no longer questions the capabil-
ity of Northern and the University of Ne-
braska to start and successful operate the
center.
But Federal officials aren't satisfied with
the proposed educational program, he said,
specifically in these areas:
How the basic education of the corpsmen
will fit into their vocational training.
How their 24-hour living schedule will fit
into the vocational training.
How Northern and NU will train ,the staff
to work with corpsmen, most of whom are
school dropouts.
How Northern and NU plan to improve the
program as it goes along.
If the Federal Government wasn't in-
terested in creating the center, it wouldn't
send Drs. Ray Keating and Chester Hall here
Tuesday for further talks after days of dis-
cussions in Washington last week, Mr.
Grantham said.
The Office of Economic Opportunity is
proceeding slowly in creating new centers,
he said. It has had time to evaluate weak-
nesses in its first centers and is eliminating
them before opening new ones, he said.
Mr. Grantham said the proposed center,
which would open next summer, has more
potential significance to Nebraska than just
Its economic impact on Lincoln.
The number of top staff personnel it
would attract and trained corpsmen it
would produce could be a significant factor
in attracting new industry to the State, he
said.
Jets Broaden Markets
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. FRANK HORTON
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
,Monday, March 7, 1966
Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, Marion
Sadler, president of American Air-
lines, addressed the Rotary Club of
Rochester, N.Y., on March 1. In
reporting this important talk, both the
Rochester Times-Union and the Demo-
crat and Chronicle emphasized the im-
portance of direct air service in expand-
ing domestic markets and developing for-
eign markets. Particular emphasis was
focused on the expanding markets in the
Far East.
The airline president told members of
the Rotary Club that American, along
with most other air carriers was receiv-
ing a great many new jet aircraft, mak-
ing it possible for American to improve
service to Chicago, New York, and other
cities.
Mr. Speaker, because of its interest to
my colleagues, especially those serving
communities having similar industrial
and commercial roles to those of Roch-
ester, I am pleased to have Mr. Sadler's
excellent speech published in the CON-
GRESSIONAL RECORD:
ROCHESTER AND THE SUPERSONIC AGE
(By Marion Sadler, president, American Air-
lines, Inc., before the Rotary Club, Roches-
ter, N.Y., Mar. 1, 1966)
I thank you for inviting me to be with you
today. It is good to be in Rochester, and it
is good to be at Rotary.
For 5 years, I was an active member of
Rotary in Buffalo, and my father was an
early president of the Rotary Club in Clarks-
ville, Tenn., soon after World War I. I sort
of grew up with Rotary, and I regard it as a
privilege to be able to break bread and talk
with you Rochester Rotarians today.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13: CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
March 7, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX Al nl
for other policies where our leadership is still
in dispute.
The formula program has made agricul-
tural research in the States most successfulo
This is because it provided a continuity of
research support and therefore made it pos-
sible to keep highly qualified personnel.
Genetic research such as you describe in your
letter would have found less success if carried
on with grant fonds rather than formula
funds because of the long-term nature of the
research. It is an example of research mains
tained successfully by a station only be-
cause of the confidence in the ability to
fond long-term research. This confidence
was based largely upon our history of formu-
la binding. The continuing aspect of this
program is a principal source of its strength.
We feel that any attempt to trade formula
funds for grant binds would be a violation
at the original philosophy contained in the
Hatch appropriation and would jeopardize
he continuity which has made the Hatch
program so effective.
Turning to specifics defined in your letter,
we are prompted to remind you of the long
history of the Minnesota Experiment Station
in water research, toxicoses, and our current
heavy involvement in studies involving vari-
IMS mycotoxins as they affect livestock and
humans. This important work has been car-
led on with the assistance of Hatch funds
and, as you indicate, deserves continued at-
tention and support. In addition, Minne-
sota has had a long history of State support
for plant protein research. We fear that
a reduction in experiment station funds
might shift priorities and threaten this vital
and ongoing research.
We are cognizant of increasing national In-
'west in the area of resource development.
Worestry is obviously an important portion
of this field of study. We feel it important
that McIntire-Stennis funds be increased to
now additional work in this area.
While we recognizo that at a Federal level
priorities can be addressed to agricultural re-
search, we would hope that it be recognized
that the same process operates at a State
level. We would hope, too, that it would be
apparent that the tradition of research in
the State, the strengths of research staff, and
the needs and desiras of the people of
a specific State are strong directives in for-
mulating these priorities. We like to feel
that our 15- to 20-percent adjustment in pro-
gram each year, arrived at in consultation
with USDA, represents a diligent and respon-
sible effort to address ourselves to tasks of
aurrent importance.
We hope that our concern for the proposed
ants in USDA research expenditures has been
made clear. Further, we hope that possible
shifts in the method of deployment of these
osuds will be reconsidered. We strongly urge
that the serious concerns of this institution
and our sister institutions throughout the
country will prompt a restoration of a budget
!;hat makes possible the research in State
universities and colleges that is so obviously
important to the health of the Nation.
Sincerely yours,
) MEREDITH WILSON,
President.
g, ?I am sending a copy of this letter to
Dean Sherwood 0. Berg, with the request
that he provide you specific information re-
eording the impact on University of Minne-
,ota programs.
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE,
WaShington, D.C., January 26, 1966.
President 0. MEREDrm Ws:Isom,
iininersity of Minsesota,
Sfinnaapolis, Minn.
DEAR PRESIDENT WrisoN: This letter is to
banner you about this Department's 1967
;midget proposals. These include funds for
support of research in the State agriculture
oxperiment stations, cooperative State for-
estry schools, and funds for project grants ad-
ministered by the Cooperative State Research
Service.
We are asking for increased project grant
funds to support research on problems of
highest priority in States where such sup-
port can be gotten most effectively. Specific
areas for new research emphasis will include
more efficient use of water, ways of elimi-
nating food poisoning and toxin-producing
organisms from our food supply and other
issues of press mg importance.
Increased support is proposed for ret, arch
on plant proteins, including soybeans, to help
expand markets and to contribute to world
protein food needs. Some new funds are re-
quested to accelerate research on the role of
cooperatives in farm marketing systems
Funds are included to continue project
grant support for research to find ways of
reducing the costs of prod uMng and market-
ing cotton.
This new reeearch will all contribu te to
achieving the missions and goals that this
Nation has set out.
Of especial importance to one of these
goals, about $1 million are requested for the
first time to support research in the 16
former Negro land-grant colleges. They now
have little research support from any source.
They provide training for a rapidly increasing
number of students, presently about 40.000.
Provision of research support for their facul-
ties is essential to their further growth in
excellence. The research to be supported
will be responsive to the needs of the rural
communities from which their students
come.
Support for forestry research under the
McIntire-Stennis Act complements that of
the Forest Service. This new research pro-
gram is off to a very good start. It will pro-
vide a much-needed increase in the supply
of trained research people for all our forest-
related activities. It will speed the research
results needed di the several States. Fends
asked for this area of research are continued
at the 1966 level, $2.5 million.
We are deterrained to continue support to
the research in the State agricultural experi-
ment stations. We will continue to work
with them to make that research even more
productive, to further improve its quality,
and to assure its concentration on research
of highest prionty.
The research at the State agricultural ex-
periment stations which is supported by
funds appropriated under the Hatch Act and
by State appropriated funds continues to
make outstanding contributions to the solu-
tion of agriculture's problems. For example,
is recent discovery has been made at the
Indiana Agricultural Experiment Station at
Purdue. Genetic research there has devel-
oped corn breecing lines and hybrids which
are high In. protein. This discovery may be
epochial not on..y for the feeding of pigs and
poultry, but for people for whom corn is an
important food, too.
Adjustments proposed in the 1967 esti-
mates will permit continuation of research
on such urgent problems as pesticides for
which the Congress provided special funds in
1965 and on other problems of high priority.
We have always emphasized the neceesity
for elimination of research of low priority.
About 20 percent of all projects terminate
each year. Many of these are replaced by
projects in new areas. This year's budget
proposals for fonds Ander the Hatch Act
select this continuing policy by a proposed
reduction of $1s5 million. This reduction
amounts to only about 4 percent of funds
from all sources available to the State agri-
cultural experiment stations.
While it will necessitate elimination of
low-priority research, remaining funds and
the new grant research funds can accelerate
needed concentration on high-priority prob-
lems.
? The long-range study of research needs
now underway will more clearly identify
areas of greatest urgency for future budgetary
consideration.
The administration is determined to sup-
port research needed for economic growth
and for human welfare. We will find within
our current funds as much of that needed for
research as we can. Pruning out low-priority
research will make the new growth snore
fruitful.
Sincerely yours,
Osivn,LE L. FREEMAN.
The School Lunch and Special Milk Pro-
grams Are Vital to the Continuing Good
Health and Proper Education of Ameri-
can Children
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OP
HON. HAROLD D. DONOHUE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 7, 1966
Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, liko a
good many colleagues here I am very
deeply concerned about and very deeply
and earnestly question the economic
urgency and wisdom of the Administra-
tion's request for apparent major reduc-
tions in the appropriations for federally
impacted areas and the school lunch and
special milk programs that have, over
these past several years, been so health-
fully enjoyed by hundreds of thousands
of American children.
The President himself has said that, "a
poor diet is a root cause of disease." I am
sure that every American agrees with him
in that statement.
The school milk program is of vital im-
portance for our school youngsters be-
cause, according to all of the authorities,
milk contains nutrients essential for good
health. They further tell us that milk
is a basic factor in building proper diet
habits. And even further, we all know
that a well-nourished child learns better
than an undernourished child.
The school officials themselves testify
to us that the proposal to distribute the
milk and limit the program on the basis
of need is both impractical and unwork-
able. Under this proposal it would seem
that school administrators would be
asked to separate the students whose
parents have a low level of income from
those who are assumed to be able to
afford to buy the milk. This certainly
appears to be inducing school officials to
do something our schools are not set up
to do and it is also quite likely to create
an artificial barrier between and among
the students.
Mr. Speaker, in my opinion our school-
lunch and milk program is basically and
primarily a health program, not a welfare
program. The savings projected in the
proposed appropriation reductions are so
small in comparison with some of our
overly generous expenditures for projects
ahd programs in other countries and
other people all over the world that they
appear unjustifiable on any normal, eco-
nomic or practical standards.
Whatever the need, and I think there
is real need, to sensibly restrict Govern-
ment expenditures, I would hope we can
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/97/13. lAti9P67A9M 982 0400050004Rarch 7,
A1248 CONGRESSIOIN AL It:Ec W 1966
This is representative of several sim-
ilar news articles that have appeared
throughout the 19 counties in the Sev-
enth Iowa District. It indicates a strong
support by the farmers in our area of this
program.
I feel it is important to get this infor-
mation before my colleagues so they will
not be misled by uninformed news media.
The article follows:
SIX HUNDRED AND THIRTY-THREE SIGNED TJP
FOR FEED GRAIN PLAN
(By Donald H. Severin)
A total of 633 farmers have signed up for
the 1966 feed grain program. This com-
pares favorably with last year so far. The
signup by township in past years got about
half the signers and 2 or 3 weeks before the
deadline another 600 or 700 sign .up. The
signup period this year ends on April 1.
Many farmers have mentioned they like
the feed grain program this year because it
is more flexible. It is designed so farmers
can plant whole fields of corn or divert whole
fields. Last year farmers had to plant all
of the permitted corn acres or take a reduc-
tion in payment. This year farmers can sub-
stitute soybeans fcr corn on all of the per-
mitted corn acres. For example a farmer
with a 100-acre corn base could divert 20
acres and grow 80 acres of soybeans with no
reduction in feed grain payments.
This year farmers can divert from 20 to
50 percent of the corn base. Since the pay-
ment for diverting more than 20 percent is
high many farmers have diverted more than
20 percent. For example, a farmer with a
100-acre corn base might have a 25-acre field
to divert. This extra 5 acres above the
first 20 percent would earn about $60 per
acre. Farmers wanting more details can talk
to a township committeeman or call at the
ASCS office.
Farmers have signed up for a number of
ACP practices they plan to start this spring
including tile, terraces, ponds, and wind-
breaks. With the open winter, a number of
farmers have already spread lime. For lime
the payment is 50 percent of the cost or no
more than $8 per acre. The field limed must
be seeded down for two consecutive years.
Several farmers have signed up for wind-
break practice around farm buildings. Prob-
ably due to the rather mild weather and
little snow farmers haven't felt the need
for a good windbreak around the farm.
This practice has a good payment rate. The
trees and shrubs must be ordered from a
commercial nursery.
Democracy: What It Means to Me
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOE SKUBITZ
OF KANSAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 7, 1966
Mr. SKUBITZ. Mr. Speaker, the voice
of democracy contest sponsored by the
Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United
States and its ladies' auxiliary is one of
the finest programs offered the youth
of this Nation.
I am especially proud that the win-
ning speech from Kansas this year was
delivered by one of my constitutents,
Mr. Bill Ray Hutchison, of Chanute,
Kans.
Reading his oration reinforces my
faith in the teenage generation of Amer-
ica. We often read the headlines about
the young anti-Vietnam demonstrators
whose militant individualism leads to a
general rejection of traditional morality.
However, I am convinced these are a
small minority who blacken the name of
the dedicated, hardworking, clear-
thinking majority.
I suggest that anyone who has doubts
as to the direction our younger gen-
eration is headed should read this young
man's speech. Listen to what he says
about democracy and what it means to
him; see how he feels to be an American.
It may not make the headlines, but
you can be sure it is a much truer re-
flection of the pulse of young America
than that you read in the morning paper.
The speech follows:
DEMOCRACY: WHAT IT MEANS TO ME
(By Bill Ray Hutchison, Chanute, Kans.)
A 17-year-old American girl brings honor
to her country by her victories in Olympic
swimming competition. An 18-year-old
chemistry student gives the patent rights of
his new process to the Government. An out-
standing high school leader inspires the Na-
tion by voicing his views of democracy.
Freedom means a lot to these young people,
and they dedicate their superior talents to
make that freedom better because of their
sacrifices. I feel that same desire to make
America stronger, and I have a job to do in
this democracy.
I don't have a vote, so my part is to en-
courage others to vote, both by words and by
action. I am willing to give rides or baby-
sit to allow others to vote. This is not being
entirely selfless. After all, people are squan-
dering my freedom, too, when they "take
the liberty," as it were, to stay home on elec-
tion day. I cannot live in my own one-man
democracy, so I must encourage others to
help preserve the freedom we live in.
So even as a high school student. I have
a place to fill in democracy to keep it alive
and working. I am studying to gain an ap-
preciation for my heritage, to learn of the
Government's institutions and methods, to
gain an understanding of my duties and
privileges as a, citizen, and to become a pro-
ductive member of our free society. In short,
I am learning about the freedom I have.
After all, I really don't have total freedom
until I know all the things I am free to do.
A football player who is not sure about all
the rules severely limits his actions to avoid
'breaking a role. And he can't contribute
much to the game, just as I can't contribute
much to our democracy if I don't know all of
its rules.
Book-learning, however, is not enough by
itself. The nature of democracy calls for
action. I belong to the school service club,
which builds character and serves the com-
munity and Nation by its projects. I repre-
sent a class of students on the student coun-
cil, our own democratic system. In this
position of trust, I work to change proce-
dures or policies when they are not in line
with democratic principles or when the
change would benefit the group, for we pro-
tect our democracy by using it fully. If we
practice only following the directions of
teachers and administrators, we cannot ex-
pect to step out into the world ready to live
in a democratic community.
If our generation is to keep America strong
and free, we must be willing to participate
in our Government. Of course, everyone
can't be in public office, but we all play a
part in Government. That's what makes
this a democracy. Each of our representa-
tives in the governing body needs an indica-
tion of his area's thinking. Letters from
electors do not give an accurate concensus,
because most Americans of this era seldom
write their leaders unless they have definite
feelings against an issue. Lord Bryce, in
his "American Commonwealth," said Amer-
icans were concerned when opposing a piece
of legislation, but were, as he put it, "timid
in advocacy as well as infantile in sugges-
tion." "
What we need in more consciousness of
' our freedom in our everyday lives. Democracy
isn't limited to politics. Real freedom man-
ifests itself, in for example, staying within
even the unreasonable speed limit, dropping
papers n a trash can instead of on the street,
and choosing to put savings in Government
bonds instead of a bank account. Then
democracy begins to mean more. We begin
to thank God for our America and pray for
guidance for its leaders. We might join the
organization, people-to-people, to make an-
other friend for ourselves and our country
through the mail. When the flag goes by in
a parade, we will salute it and show every-
one we are proud of our country. There
are many ways of practicing our freedom if
we will become aware of them.
Our America can become the country whose
leaders know what the electors want, a coun-
try whose flag passes with the saluations of
its proud and free people, a country whose
citizens are vigorous in advocacy as well as
aggressive in suggestion. Our generation
will become the freest people in the world if
we take another look at the freedom we
ha
Long, Hard Road in Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HERVEY G. MACHEN
OF MARYLAND
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, March 2, 1966
Mr. MACHEN. Mr. Speaker, in a
February 28 editorial the Baltimore Su*
points out that President Johnson can
help to keep the war in Vietnam in per-
spective by reiterating what he said dur-
ing a recent press conference that "now
we will have a long and hard road," in
Vietnam.
The Sun editorial quotes the President
to the effect that the war in Vietnam is
not going to be easy or short; it is going
to be difficult and it is going to require
sacrifices.
The Sun points out:
A necessary part of this summing up is
Mr. Johnson's emphasis on the point that
the United States' objectives are limited?
to defeat the act of aggression against South
Vietnam, to search for an honorable and just
peace and to try to establish a stable, demo-
cratic government.
In the conviction that others will find
the Sun's lucid editorial a clarification of
the issues facing us, I am offering it to
the RECORD, where the article may be
read in its entirety:
LONG, HARD ROAD
President Johnson can also help to keep
the war in Vietnam in perspective, and he
can expect firm and steady support from the
American people, by reiterating what he said
during his Saturday press conference: "Now
we will have a long and hard road."
As the President said further, it is not
going to be easy or short; it is going to be
difficult and it is going to require sacrifices.
A necessary part of this summing up is Mr.
Johnson's emphasis on the point that the
U.S. objectives are limited?to defeat the
act of aggression against South Viet-
nam, to search for an honorable and just
Approved For Release 2005/07/13: CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
March 7, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX
Inequities of the Draft
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
or
HON. F. BRADFORD MORSE
MASSACHUSETTS
EN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 7, 1966
Mr. MORSE. Mr. Speaker, there is a
growing concern in the country about the
efficiency and adequacy of our present
system of obtaining necessary military
manpower. We have seen too many ex-
amples of inequities and inefficiencies;
we have seen too many instances of poor
planning and lack of priorities in our
draft calls.
Last week I was proud to join with a
number of my Republican colleagues in
pointing out some of the present short-
comings and in calling for a thorough
congressional investigation of the Selec-
tive Service System. I am pleased that
the House Armed Services Committee
will give its attention to this subject
within the near future.
On Sunday, Martin F. Nolan, of the
Boston Globe Washington bureau, sum-
marized the recent comments on the
draft and discussed a number of pro-
posals that have been made for its im-
provement.
Under unanimous consent, I include
his article in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD
following my remarks:
NEw FACTOR IN VIETNAM DEEATE: INEQUITIES
TIIli DRAFT
(By Martin F. Nolan)
WassuNcToN.--Shortly after Gen. Matthew
IS. Ridgeway took command of U.S. troops in
Korea in 1951, he said: "In my brief period
of command duty here I have heard from
several sources, chiefly from the members of
combat units, the questions 'Why are we
II ere?' are we fighting fort"
"The answer to the first question," Ridge-
way said, "is conclusive because the loyalty we
giVe, and expect, precludes any slightest
questioning.
"The second question is of much greater
significance," he added. "The real issues are
whether or not the power of Western civiliza-
tion, as God has permitted it to Rower in our
own beloved lands, shall defy and defeat
communism."
in Vietnam and over here, the same ques-
tions are being asked today.
'a seems unlikely that Gen. William C.
Westmorela.nd, however much he would agree
wien Ridgeway's first answer, would adopt
the apocalyptic view of the second.
A changing American attitude toward the
infallibility of American foreign policy, new
appraisals of the supposedly monolithic
menace of conspiratorial communism?many
factors have changed the Nation's attitude
toward its goals of war.
None, however, nas been as profound or as
symptomatic as the changing American atti-
tude toward the military draft.
Debate on the draft provides a curious
counterpoint to debate on the war in Viet-
natn. Sometimes the discussions coincide,
sometimes not. In either case, the draft
remains a key political issue, at least in living
rooms where teenage sons reside.
Nffit week, 30 Republican Congressmen?
some liberal members of the Wednesday Club,
some not so liberal?urged an investigation
of the Nation's 25-year-old system of pro-
curing military manpower. In doing so, they
enraged neither hawks nor doves.
One of the least-noticed comments of Sen-
ator ROBERT F. KENNEDY in his celebrated
February 19 statement on Vietnam was his
reference to inequities in the draft.
"The war perpetuates discrimination,"
KENNEDY said, "for the :poor and the less for-
tunate serve in Vietnam out of all proportion
to their numbers in the United States as a
whole."
Negroes, who comprise about 10 percent of
the Nation's ??opulation, provide 14 percent of
the Army's total manpower, according to
Pentagon statistics. But Negroes make up
but 3.5 percent of the Army's officers.
Self-evident flaws anti subtle ones, glaring
Injustices and petty mistakes?Lt. Gen. Lewis
B. Hershey dismisses them all with charac-
teristic bluntness: "Absolute equity has
never been attained." The father of the
draft, its custodian and most vigorous de-
fender, thus hurls an implicit challenge at
his critics: to something better.
One at them has. John U. Monro, dean of
Harvard College, suggests a national lottery
to choose draftees. Dean Monro sees I tick as
a more suitable standard for his students
than the present Selective Service plan of
making the bottom half of freshman stu-
dents available for the draft.
The lottery- has all the statistical logic of
and automobile accident. But its prestigous
sponsorship alone will bring discussion of
the draft into clearer focus, as well as pro-
vide a clear-ever view of the war in Vietnam.
A lottery does not ask the question: Which
is more iimiortant, education or war? A
lottery is indiscriminate, but so is the war.
The Selective Service System, in Beer Rabbit
fashion, has been hitting away at that tar
baby mass of fluctuating needs, standards
and deferments until it has become hope-
lessly entangled. The analogy of American
involvement in Vietnam to the moral of this
Uncle Remus tale is clear.
General Hershey, who has not gone out of
his way to please professors, may find his
academie adnersaries more formidaWe now
than every before. During the Koren war
domestic hysteria made professors suspect; no
billboards proclaimed then that; "College Is
America's Best Friend." Now, they do and
it is.
The drafting of college students may have
an ultimate knelt of curing this problem of
civilian morale and fitting conscription?as
well as its cause --into the philosophy (.4 mod-
ern Ameriea. Serious thought on the legal
and moral aspects of the draft can do noth-
ing but good.
The resources of Academe, never really used
on behalf of selective service before, may
help the draft law live up to its claim that
"in a free society the Obligations and priv-
ileges of serving in the Armed Forces and
the Reserve components thereof. should be
shared generally:'
Legal Help Is Poverty Item
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
PION. SAM GIBBONS
CF FLORIDA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATI VES
Moisday, March 7, 1966
Mr. GIBBONS. Mr. Speaker, we con-
tinue to read and hear a ;?;reat deal about
legal help for the Nation's poor. I
noticed ah interesting story in the
Escanaba Daily Press, Escanaba, Mich.,
of January 31 describing some action
taken by the Community Action Com-
mittee of the Michigan State Bar Asso-
ciation to help provide such services. I
commend it to my colleagues:
41247 ?
LEGAL HELP Is POVERTY ITEM
When the community action committee
of the Star bar met in Lansing recently to
consider a pilot project for providing legal
services to the rural indigent, six of the
seven members of the committee were urban
lawyers and Walter T. Hartland of Houghton
was the sole attorney from a rural area.
According to Hartland, the program would
cover education on legal services to the rural
indigent and provision for legal consultation
and representation.
To date, especially in the Houghton-
Barage-Keweenaw area, the means of provid-
ing legal services to the rural poor has not
been developed past the level of largely
gratuitous services by private attorneys act-
ing voluntarily through the Copper Country
Bar Association. This results, Hartland said,
in a sporadic contact between the poor and
the lawyer which results in an insufficient
use by the rural poor of the services of an
attorney.
An initial hypothesis of the project, is that
such services can be provided best by pri-
vately practicing attorneys within the com-
munity. It is based upon such factors as
the knowledge of such attorneys of the rural
community, the position they hold in the
community, their geographic availability to
the rural resident and their ability to resolve
problems of the rural poor within the rural
community.
It is expected that the Michigan Bar As-
sociation would propose that one attorney be
assigned to the Upper Peninsula through
UPCAP. His responsibility would be to co-
ordinate, educate, and develop the program
through the six functioning community ac-
tion agencies. Each CAA would in turn re-
quest one legal social worker who would work
in conjunction with the area representativ-es.
Referrals would be made by the legal social
worker to local attorneys who would be re-
imbursed for their services using the State
bar minimum schedule and billing through
UPCAP.
Research and evaluation of means of pro-
viding timely representation in misdemeanor
cases will be conducted and various methods
attempted to provide representation. Also
included in this study will be a bail project
for the purpose of obtaining release on per-
sonal bond for indigent defendants.
Six Hundred and Thirty-three Signed Up
for Feed Grain Plan
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
(IF
HON. JOHN R. HANSEN
OF IOWA
Monday, February 28, 1966
Mr. HANSEN of Iowa. Mr. Speaker,
there has been a clamor in the eastern
press recently about a lack of enthusiasm
in the Midwest for the 1966 feed grain
program. This misinterpretation of the
situation in my area needs to be corrected
so that it will not damage the excellent
program passed by Congress last year.
The tardiness of farmers to sign up for
this year's program has nothing to do
with a lack of support. A recent story
in the Carroll Daily Times Herald by
Donald H. Severin, manager of the Car-
roll County ASCS office, indicates that
the number of farmers signing up for the
1966 program compares quite favorably
with the number signed up at this time
In 1965.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Mar-ch 7, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX A1249
peace, and to try to establish a stable, demo-
cratic government, This, as he said, will take
time.
If we look back for a moment, we can see
that one of the worst errors in our policy in
Vietnam has been the all too frequent out-
burst of easy optimism that has been shat-
tered by subsequent developments. State
Department reporters can remember a brief-
ing, some 12 years ago, in which it was pre-
dicted that with increasing help from the
United States the French soon would be able
to put down the Vietminh. Not long there-
after the ,series of setbacks began which led
to the defeat at Dienbienphu and the French
withdrawal.
In the years since, each measure of increas-
ing involvement by the United States has
usually been accompanied by forecasts of
early success. It is small wonder that our
words have been questioned. Now, at last,
our policy is beginning to show signs of for-
ward movement. The Senate debate has
pointed up the inadequacy of quick or inex-
pensive solutions. Emphasis on our willing-
ness to follow a long, hard road is an essential
step toward a settlement?so essential that it
bears repeating many times.
The Traditional American; Probate Judge
Carl E. Wahlstrom of Worcester,
Mass.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HAROLD D. DONOHUE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, March 7, 1966
Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, on
Sunday, February 27, last, with an ap-
propriate ceremony in the Beth Israel
Synagogue Hall at Worcester, Mass.,
Worcester County Probate Court Judge
Carl E. Wahlstrom, became the fourth
recipient of the Beth Israel Brother-
hood's Good Neighbor Award for his
"betterment of understanding among
men of all faiths."
Several hundred men and women from
the city's major faiths gathered in the
congregation's social hall to honor Judge
Wahlstrom who was chosen for this par-
ticular distinction by a committee made
up of the past recipients, A. Alfred Mar-
cello, day city editor of the Worcester
Telegram, 1963; Very Rev. Armand H.
Desautels, A.A., 1964, then president of
Assumption College and now provincial
superior of the Assumptionist Fathers in
North America; and Rev. Kenneth E.
Bath, minister of Greendale People's
Community Church, 1965.
A unique silver bowl signifying the
Good Neighbor Award was presented to
Judge Wahlstrom by Melvin Merten of
the brotherhood.
Multitudinous past distinctions have
been bestowed upon Judge Wahlstrom in
recognition of his most unselfish and
effective civic leadership and only last
November he was specially honored at a
great public testimonial upon the com-
pletion of 25 years as probate judge in
our area.
He is a graduate of Worcester, Mass.,
Commerce High School; Clark University
in Worcester; and Boston University Law
School. Also, he is an acknowledged ex-
pert on Lincoln lore, a director of col-
leges, businesses and associations, and
an honorary 33d degree Scottish Rite
Mason.
Mr. Speaker, it was my special pleasure
and privilege to sum up the tributes to
Judge Wahlstrom that were given by
various city officials, educational direc-
tors, prominent judges, and spiritual
leaders on this occasion.
I emphasized that in the torturous
pursuit of solutions for the tremendous
problems plaguing ourselves and the
world today it is imperative, if we are
to be successful, for all of us to per-
severingly follow the inspiring example
of the life and conduct of Judge Carl E.
Wahlstrom so truly representative of the
traditional American virtues upon which
this country was founded and only upon
which it can endure and will prevail.
The text of my summation follows:
SPEECH OF CONGRESSMAN HAROLD D. DONOHUE
AT BETH ISRAEL ANNUAL GOOD NEIGHBOR
AWARD TO JUDGE CARL WAHLSTROM, BETH
ISRAEL SYNAGOGUE, FEBRUARY 27, 1966
Rabbi Kazis, other members of the clergy,
distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen
of Beth Israel Congregation, it is a par-
ticular pleasure for me to take part in this
well-deserved public tribute to my dear
friend and our good neighbor, Judge Carl
E. Wahlstrom.
On the basis of distinguished judicial
stewardship alone, Judge Wahlstrom pre-
eminently merits the special honor you are
conferring upon him this morning.
In his court, the probate court, legal issues
and disputes embrace the most intimate ac-
tions and vital interests of human beings
at their best and at their worst. Their
settlement demands the most searching
analysis and the most equitable judgment.
To successfully preside over and decide
upon these most stirring judicial challenges
very truly requires possession of the per-
sistence of Diogenes, the patience of Job, and
the wisdom of Solomon; yes, requiring the
exercise of the fullest understanding, the
deepest compassion, the utmost tolerance,
and the kindliest firmness.
Judge Wahlstrom possesses these rare
qualities and that is Why he is an excep-
tional judge.
Judge Wahlstrom applies these attributes
in all his actions and that is why he is an
extraordinary person.
Together with his acclaimed leadership in
multitudinous community objectives, at
great sacrifice, it is the practice of these com-
bined virtues in all his daily associations that
makes Judge Wahlstrom our good neighbor.
Perhaps not too many know that he was
a student leader and outstanding athlete at
Clark University in his college days and
served his country as an infantry lieutenant
in World War I.
Judge Wahlstrom's career reveals a prime
example of the full, wholesome, balanced
life.
Besides all this, he is an outstanding
scholar and is recognized as one of the Na-
tion's authorities on the life and works of
our revered 16th President of the United
States, Abraham Lincoln.
It is significantly indicative of the charac-
ter and disposition of our honored guest
that he would be so vitally interested in the
life of one of the greatest men of our history
whose stalwart qualities and attributes are
so well mirrored in his own personal and
professional career.
Judge Wahlstrom's distinction in connec-
tion with this great American patriot
prompts the reflection that perhaps we might
suitably and profitably dwell, this morning,
on a comparison of the problems that con-
fronted President Lincoln and the country
with the crucial challenges facing us in this
nuclear age.
Of course, our problems today are tech-
nically different and our challenges are now
expanded beyond and above the horizon.
But there is a similar height of urgency
In our affairs today. We are at a similar
crossroad of our destiny, a destiny involving
the world's future.
The various problems bedeviling us today
comprise a lengthy and fulsome list. Their
broad recitation would include such soul-
searching questions as:
How shall we exercise our traditional right
to differ while we carry out our patriotic
obligation of unity in purpose?
How can we effectuate the guarantees of
Civil rights while we fulfill our duty of civil
obedience?
How shall we apply the restraint of
recommended guidelines without suffocating
the fruitful energy of personal effort and
private enterprise?
How shall we extend our spending while we
contain inflation?
How shall we share in the privations of
our servicemen fighting overseas while we
enjoy the extravagances of domestic plenty?
And finally?How can we negotiate an end
of agonizing war without yielding to dis-
honorable peace terms?
These are a few of what we might term the
umbrella challenges,
It would take a hundred mornings and a
hundred nights to itemize all the problems
that would come under them. And although
I receive in my daily mail about 50 earnest
and thoughtful suggestions for their settle-
ment, I don't think anyone yet possesses the
full answer to each different problem.
It is my opinion the proper answers and
full solutions will have to come out of a
nationally unified character and-atmosphere
of moral responsibility, patriotic sacrifice,
and dedicated unselfishness that was urged
by the voice, and personified in the life and
death of Abraham Lincoln.
In this country today we have the great
wealth and the highest standard of living
of any people in the history of the earth
and there is even mare in sight on the nu-
clear energy horizon ahead.
If Lincoln were alive we fear that he would
have to question the existence of that moral
character and atmosphere in our country to-
day. We fear Lincoln would join with many
authorities today who express the deepest
doubts that proper solutions to our problems
will not be found until substantial turn-
about changes are made in a great many cur-
rent attitudes and practices that seem to be
corrupting the core of our modern society.
But, as we look about us today, I think
you might agree there are far too many re-
gettable signs of widespread immorality
in conduct, indifference to recognized ethical
standards, defiance of legitimate authority,
disrespect for hallowed traditions, disregard
of our historical ideals, and even some
thoughtless ridicule of the heroic sacrifices
of our servicemen abroad.
These unhappy signs of dangerous weak-
nesses in our prosperous society emphasize
the wisdom of the warning advice contained
In the question President Lincoln asked of
the people during a speech in Illinois back
in 1858.
This was his question?"What constitutes
the bulwark of our own liberty and inde-
pendence? It is not our frowning battle-
ments, our bristling sea coasts, our Army,
and our Navy. These are not our reliance
against tyranny. All of those may be turned
against us without making us weaker for
the struggle. Our reliance is in the love of
liberty which God has planted in us. Our
defense is in the spirit which prized liberty
as the heritage of all men, in all lands every-
where. Destroy this spirit and you have
planted the seeds of despotism at your own
doors."
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
..250 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPEN
It would appear that this question by
i'resident f.ineoln is even more pertinent to
our affairs today than it WM back in 1858.
t;o't it; the strengths of this traditional
1301 I el and American spirit that we must help
to place bark into the hearts and minds of
II Americans and into the basic structure
if mix national character if we are to find
surviving situ tins to the problems of our-
selves and the world?
a few da ya ago, as I thought of this meet-
ing this morning, I recalled a story of the
itder and of the little boy who wanted to
be. doing something.
The fatner was stretched out in his easy
oils jr after a day's work to read his news-
paper before dinner. He was interrupted by
ilie normal iiomplaint of children about hav-
ing nothing to do?S0 he assigned a minor
household chore to the youngster..
Li no time the boy was back for another
OSIS?gninen r]. This was repeated several times
anci finaily his father, in desperation, picked
pp a map of 1.11e United States from a table
beside his chair, tore it into many dozens of
pieces, and said: "Here, son, take this and
out the country back together again."
'the boy happily went to work on the
homemade jigsaw puzzle. His father again
mottled back with the newspaper?but be-
fore he had read as far as the sports page
the child tugged at his arm and proudly
oointed to a perfectly put together United
ilia Les of A En er iCa
Pleased arid Junazed by the lad's knowledge
of geography and his speed in applying it,
the father said: "That's really wonderful.
tint how did von dolt?"
remeninered," the boy explained, "that
on the back side of that map was a picture
of a man. And I figured that if I just put
man together right, the country would come
'int in. pretty good shape."
Don't you think it is about time for you
and for me and for each American to start
patting ourselves to right and the country
back in good shape?
Isn't it high time for us to get to work
to restore proper reverence of our churches,
decency in tannic conduct, ethical, standards
in business, recognized discipline its educa-
tional institutions, obedience to our laws,
acceptance of parental authority in the home
and a mature, moral example for the proper
encouragement of our youth?
Aad while we proceed with the develop-
ment of a (treat Society let us wisely insure
the construction of a, good society.
Tnis. I think. was what President Lineoln
was urging when, speaking in Milwaukee, on
SepLember In, 1859, he said: "Let us hope
USD I. by the best cultivation of the physical
world beneath and. around us, and the best
intellectual and moral world within us, we
rmlsali secure an individual, social, and polit-
ical prosperity, and hapiness whose course
shall be onward and upward and which,
while the earth endures, shall not pass
Above all, then, let us remember the true
mission of all mankind is not for nations to
war with each other unto death but to live
with, each, other in a brotherhood of good
will and under a peace of honor forever last-
ing.
That, I believe, is the true significance
and the true meaning of our meeting and
ceremony here this morning in this hall,
adjacent to your temple of prayer.
That is the true worth of Carl Wahlstrom's
contribution of virtues and talents as a good.
man and a good neighbor.
That, I think, is the true value of your
exercise here this morning, in the encourage-
merit of fellow citizens to emulate the,
example of a good neighbor, for the better-
ment of their community, for the progress
of their country, and for the peace of the
world.
If then, we and our fellow Americans will
unite in our faiths and, consolidate our moral
spirits in patriotic sacrifice to preserve our
liberty arid repel tyranny I am supremely
confident we will not just survive?we will
prevail.
Statement on Electoral College
-----
PIXTENSION OF REMA' ?ICS
HON. BERT BANDSTRA
OE IOWA
IN THE ROUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, February 22, 1966
Mr. BANDSTRA. Mr. Spealzer, today
I testified on the subject of "Electoral
College Reform" before the Su!,,commit-
tee on Constitutional Amendments of the
Senate Committee on the judiciary.
On twp occasions, first on February 1,
1905, and again an January 20, 1966,
President ,Johnson urged the Congress to
approve a constitutional amendment
abolishir g the electoral college.
The draft of a proposed electoral re-
form amendment, which the President
sent to the Congress last year, has been
introduced in the Senate as Senate Joint
Resolution 53 and in the House of Rep-
resentatives as House Joint Resolution
278.
The Senate subcommittee began hear-
ings a week ago but, as it happens, I was
the first witness to testify in support of
the basic approach to electrol college re-
form as incorporated in the President's
proposal.
In moat respects, I think this proposal
is a sound a:nd kealistic one. However,
as I pointed out in my prepared state-
ment to the Senate subcommittee, I feel
that there is room for improvement.
Since electoral college reforin should
be a mat`,er ef great concern, n> it only to
the Congress but to all Americans, I am
including the text of my prepared state-
ment in the Rucosu:
STATEIVIEN' ON ELECTORAL COLLEGE, BY BERT
BASSI-1.9711A, U.S. REPRESENTATIVE F1I0M IOWA;
STTEMIT7 ED MARCH 7, 1966, To SUBCOM-
MITTEE ON CONSTTTUTIONAL AIVLOSDMENTG,
COMMITTEE ON THE .ItTGICIARY, U S. SENATE
Mr. Chairman., members of the su.bcom.
mittee, I am here today -to express my con-
viction that a constitutional amendment is
urgently r.eeded to abolish the electoral col-
lege and to further modernize our presiden-
tial and vice-presidential election process. I
am also appearing to place myself on record
In support of the basic approach to electoral
reform as Incorporated in Senate Joint Reso-
lution 58 and, at the same time. 1.0 suggest
some possible improvements to this proposal,
The electoral college, in my view, is a seri-
ous threat to orderly and democratic govern-
ment. This opinion is based in part on per-
sonal experience. Nearly 2 years ago, I
served as a presidential elector for my home
State of Iowa and, in that capacity, I had the
snore or less anonymous distinction of being
one of the 538 citizens who in 1964 actually
cast ballots for the President and Vice Pres-
ident of the United States. Having partici-
pated myself in the workings of the electoral
college, I can say with some authority that
the institution is not only useless but dan-
gerous. I have also given some close study
to the way in which the electoral college
system has operated in the past, and this has
further convinced me that our Constitution
today contains serious defects which could
at some future date turn a presidential elec-
tion into a national calamity.
DIX March 7, 'I 9 6*
Consequently, I am hopeful that this ses-
sion of the Congress will approve and send
to the States for ratification a constitutional
amendment to remove the long-existing
flaws in our presidential and vice-presiden-
tial election process. My feeling is that such
an amendment should be confined to making
limited reforms, as is the case wit Ii Senate
Joint Resolution 58, and that efforts to
fundamentally alter the baste operation of
our electoral system should, for the time
being at least, be put to one side. An
amendment aimed at limited reform would,
I think, be most beneficial if it were drafted
so as to (1) abolish the electoral college and
automatically award a State's total electoral
vote to the presidential and vice-presidential
candidates who carry the State and (2) re-
duce to the very minimum the chances of a
presidential election being thrown into the
House of Representatives, as now provided by
the Constitution, or into a joint i'ession of
the Congress, as proposed by Senate Joint
Resolution 58.
The electoral college and 'the contingent
election, as the provision for choosing the
President in the House is often called, are
'the two major defects in the Constitution as
it relates to the selection of the Chief Execu-
tive. Both these flaws can be removed by an
amendment which would in no way en-
danger our present two-party sysaem, and
which would simply give the constitutional
seal of approval to our presidential election
process as it is expected to operate today.
And I firmly believe a limited reform amend-
ment of this sort is critically needed in order
to place our constitutional provisions for the
presidential election on a secure and demo-
cratic footing. Accordingly, last year I in-
troduced such a proposed amendment, House
Joint Resolution 327, in the House of Repre-
sentatives. Since then, in order to make two
technical but necessary revisions, I have re-
introduced it in the form of House Joint
Resolution 819.
This proposal, in agreement with Senate
Joint Resolution 58 would make no sweeping
changes in our presidential election system.
By contrast other approaches to the electoral
college problem would make fundamental,
and perhaps even revolutionary, changes in
our existing election process. These alter-
native proposals, of which there are basically
three, are all aimed at abolishing the gen-
eral ticket system, under which a State
awards all its electoral votes to the presiden-
tial and vice-presidential candidates who
carry the State.
There is, to begin with, the proposal for
the direct popular election of the President,
thereby eliminating the electoral college,
electoral votes, and States lines as voting
factors. This plan has the merit of insur-
ing that the candidate with the most pop-
ular votes will automatically become Presi-
dent. It is, in fact, the only proposal that
would do so. However, the blunt truth is
that this proposal, whatever its virtues, has
almost no chance of adoption. Electoral
votes, as the Constitution has always pro-
vided, are awarded to States on the basis of
their representation in both the House and
the Senate. Thus, no matter how small
a state's population, it is assured of at least
three electoral votes. And it is hardly likely
that the smaller States would ratify an
amendment abolishing a voting system
weighted in their favor.
Secondly, there is the district system pro-
posal. Under this, the electoral college
would be retained, but with the express re-
quirement that electors credited to a State
on the basis of its representation in the
House be elected from single-member dis-
tricts. Another two electors, like U.S. Sen-
ators, would be chosen in a statewide vote.
One drawback to this proposal is that it
would open the door to possible gerryman-
dering of electoral districts. It would also
divide the Nation into 481 separate presi-
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP671300446R000400050004-9
March 7, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? APPENDIX A1269
200 miles out from shore. Besides, it is not
just coastal overfishing that threatens the
sportsmen. The pelagic fish he most esteems
are far-ranging wanderers, and it matters
not a whit whether they are destroyed 5 miles
out or 500.
Since no practical means of controlling
the long-liners has yet been devised, or even
proposed, a few frustrated sport fishermen
have been taking matters into their own
hands. Long-line sets have been destroyed
In the Atlantic. Off Adapulco, sport fisher-
men, persistently wreaking havoc on long-
lines off their coast, forced one Japanese ves-
sel to abandon the area as too expensive.
U.S. sport-fishing boats sailing off the shores
of Baja California play a game called "ocean
skeet." They shatter the long-liners' glass
buoys with shotguns.
The damage inflicted by such means is, of
course, a mere nuisance and will have little
or no effect on tht enormous enterprise that
long-lining has become. But when a Japa-
nese long-liner ran aground last September
on the southernmost tip of Baja California
gleeful Mexican fishermen indulged in soul-
satisfying fantasies to account for the wreck
and take credit for it.
The 350-ton vessel crashed onto a reef at
about 2 a.m. The 18 men aboard all got
ashore safely. Some commercial and sport
fishermen went aboard and found the boat
equipped with the very latest in navigational
and fish-finding equipment, from radar to
sonar. Stacked in her freezer locker below
decks were an estimated 140 tons of tuna,
40 tons of marlin and an unknown quantity
of shark meat, in addition to dolphin, wahoo
and sailfish.
How to account for the wreck? The Mexi-
cans wink and tell any of a number of sto-
ries:
1. Mexican fishermen turned off the light
In the lighthouse. (Ah, but with all that
electronic gear a modern vessel does not
bother with lighthouses.)
2. They turned off the light and set up
another light atop a high cliff to lead the
Japanese astray. (But the radar would have
indicated the huge land mass?cliffs several
hundred feet high on the beach?behind the
Judas light.)
3. Long-line sets are equipped with tran-
sistorized homing buoys that send out a
signal to guide the fishing boat to where the
sets have drifted. The Mexicans took one
such buoy and put it on the beach. (This
one is more ingenious than plausible. The
Japanese navigational gear again would have
foiled the plot.)
What hope is there, since even the wishful
cleverness of Mexican wreckers is no match
for the vast Japanese fleet. One theory, not
very attractive, is that overflshing will solve
Itself.
"In some ways long-lining may be con-
sidered self-limiting," says Frank J. Mather
III, associate scientist at Woods Hole Oceano-
graphic Institution and himself a sport fish-
erman. "When the catch declines enough it
becomes unprofitable. I think there is cause
for concern but don't know what can be done.
Agreement among all the nations involved
would be very difficult."
"We know the extest of long-lining,"
Mather says, "but we have no idea of the
size of fish populations." Such knowledge
would be essential to the establishment of
meaningful international controls, but it
simply is not there to be laid on the bar-
gaining table.
There is unanimity among marine scien-
tists that research is a sine qua non of in-
ternational controls.
"We are getting more and more letters
from Congressmen inquiring about long-
lining," says Albert H. Swartz, assistant chief
of the Division of Fishery Research of the
U.S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife.
"Some people are advocating an extensive re-
search program. Others are talking about an
international convention?but there are no
facts to bring to it. A research program
would take about 5 years before we could go
to the Japanese regarding conservation
measures."
Swartz made a point that sport fishermen
and their associations might consider.
"Until now," he said, "international con-
ventions have always been on food fish. The
sport fishery has never been represented.
Now sport fishing should be represented. The
International Game Fishing Association
should have a voice."
It should indeed. And so should Ml sport
fishermen, organized or unorganized, who
know the names and addresses of their Con-
gressmen, who, in turn, might well be per-
suaded to initiate preliminary negotiations
with the Japanese while a crash research pro-
gram is underway. The extent of this crisis
cannot wait for precise scientific determina-
tion. The commonsense evidence is plentiful
now. At this juncture the need for con-
trols is clear. In the long run, controls need
not deprive the Japanese of their protein
supply. They could, in fact, preserve it.
Edward W. Allen recently was chairman
of an international meeting which sought,
unsuccessfully, to institute new controls on
fishing in the North Pacific. Though he
spoke in another context, in a statement to
the conference he may have suggested the
theme for a preliminary meeting of world
sport fishing associations and the leading
fishing nations. He put it this way:
"Ocean fisheries should not be deemed to
exist merely for the benefit of [commercial]
fishermen and cannery operators, but should
be considered to be a great trust for the ben-
efit of humanity."
Southeast Asia
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DONALD J. IRWIN
OF CONNECTICUT
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, February 23, 1966
Mr. IRWIN. Mr. Speaker, a day does
not pass but that I receive mall from
people in my district who are concerned
about the war in Vietnam. By far, most
of it expresses firm support for Presi-
dent Johnson and the policies the ad-
ministration are following in southeast
Asia.
A few days ago my mail included a
letter from a close personal friend not
in my district but in Thailand, where
the Government is already faced with
the all too familiar tactics of Commu-
nist aggression in its northern Prov-
inces.
His letter, a portion of which I have
, unanimous consent to include at this
point in the RECORD, is illuminating. It
is the result of careful observation and
evaluation by a man who is living and
working in southeast Asia. Along with
his letter, he sent a copy of a letter writ-
ten to the editor of the Bangkok Post
by a group of American scholars who are
specialists in Asian affairs. It too is an
illuminating commentary and I insert it,
too, in the RECORD at this point.
The letters follow:
DEAR DON: It Was very good hearing from
you. My faith in the American political
process is always made stronger by the
knowledge that such people as yourself are
representing the American public.
I like to think that in a private capacity,
I am making a contribution to a better life
for a small segment of Asia in a socially stable
but progressive context. The work is reward-
ing?if exhausting?I travel a great deal,
particularly to Laos. I am still the "last of
the New Deal Democrats" domestically, Don,
but I am perturbed that the liberal Democrat
is becoming identified with the Lippman-
Morganthau-Fulbright position. I feel it is
essential to pursue the objective of peaceful
negotiations to the best of our ability. I also
feel that the ultimate battle for Vietnam will
be won by achieving a social revolution that
entails such things as land reform, local
democracy, community development pro-
graming, etc.
At the same time, however, it seems to me
absolutely essential to stand fast in military
terms while pursuing the other objectives
noted above. We must not allow the Com-
munists to feel that their "wars of libera-
tion" subversion and infiltration doctrines
will prevail and represent the wave of the
future. The Communist goals are outlined
plainly and their objectives and methods are
stated boldly. They believe their hegemony
will hold sway over all Asia and by ideological
imperative of their doctrine wars of aggres-
sion and infiltration are justified. We can-
not abandon Asia to such a doctrine either
in our interests or in the interests of the free
Asian nations.
The domino theory has an element of
truth. The pressures on Laos and conse-
quently on Thailand will be overpowering if
the Vietcong and Hanoi and Peiping gain
control over South Vietnam through their
aggression. There is no doubt the subversion
In northeast Thailand is directed by and sup-
ported by personnel trained in Commu-
nist-controlled areas outside of Thailand.
This is clear and certain and if our resolve
is weakened and our position compromised
in Vietnam, such subversion and infiltration
will be increased and the resolve of the Thais
and others to combat such subversion will be
weakened.
I am enclosing a letter for the editor
written to the Bangkok Post by eminent and
respected scholars in the field of Asian
studies. You may have already seen this
letter. I know most of the signatories per-
sonally. They have all traveled widely in
Asia and have an intimate knowledge of Asia,
of Communist objectives, of the Vietnam sit-
uation. Their views are sound and well
reasoned. I agree with their conclusions. If
this statement has not already appeared in
the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD?it should.
Please forgive me for rambling on. We who
are working in the field are involved and
committed to seeing a better world created in
Asia. I hope it will be achieved. But it will
not be easy.
[From the Bangkok Post, Jan. 29, 19661
U.S. GROTJP SUPPORTS VIETNAM WAR
To the EDITOR:
We, the undersigned, write as scholars and
specialists most of whom have devoted much
of their adult lives to study and work in
south and east Asian affairs. Included in
our number are most of this Nation's small
nucleus of specialists on Vietnam. Many of
us have lived in Vietnam itself. .
We feel compelled to write in response to
what we consider the distortions of fact and
the emotional allegations of a small but
viciferous group of fellow university teachers
regarding the war in Vietnam. We must
first observe that those who have signed ad-
vertisements and petitions represent a very
small proportion of all university professors.
Further the petition signers include dispro-
portionally fewer schools in the fields of gov-
ernment, international relations, and Asian
studies. To our knowledge, no acknowledged
expert on Vietnam itself has signed the ad-
vertisements appearing in the New York
Times protesting U.S. policy in Vietnam. A
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9
A1270 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-- APPENDIX March 7, 1966
mere handful of scholars with Far East
credentials identified themselves with these
irotests.
Quite apart from the merits of American
policy?past or present?we believe the man-
ner in which the petition and many "teach-
ins" have been presented is a discredit to
those who would call themselves scholars.
The Vietnamese war and its related political
context are enormously complex. Even the
most qualified experts disagree on important
facts or the meaning of those facts., It is no
eurprise that they also disagree on alterna-
tive courses of action.
It serves no useful purpose, therefore, to
engage in name-calling, distortion, emotion-
alism and gross oversimplification. Many of
our fellow scholars, no doubt eminently
eualified in their own fields, arc in our view
guilty of unacademic behaviour in their pro-
teats of Vietnam policy.
Poe the record, therefore, we feel compelled
to make the following assertions of fact:
L The Vietcong initiated the present war
in South Vietnam. They did so in gradual
stages, beginning with assassination, terror,
and bellicose propaganda. This was followed
by sabotage, subversion, and small-scale
guerrilla attacks; in later stages, large-scale
Frontal assaults were employed. Only in the
last stage did the U.S. Government feel com-
pelled to increase its military involvement
substantially.
'2. The Vietcong is a Communist-led and
Communist-controlled political movement,
Its aim is to establish, by any available
means, a Communist rule in South Vietnam,
3. It is false to compare the war :now being
fought in Vietnam with that which was
Fought by the French between 1946 and 1951.
That was a colonial war, fought by Vietna-
mese of every variety of political complexions
to achieve national independence. The Gov-
ernment of Vietnam since 1954 has been
is truly Vietnamese national regime, end it is
lighting now to maintain its independence..
That it is not without faults goes without
saying. This, however, is not the issue.
surety, it is of some significance that not
one prominent nationalist of all the thou-
sands of such men in South Vietnam has
defected to the Communist since 1954.
4. The People's Revolutionary Party, which
leads the Vietcong, is a segment of the Lao
1)ong (Communist) Party of North. Vietnam.
The Vietcong itself was organized by the
North Vietnamese, armed by the North Viet-
namese, and trained by the North Vietnamese.
'teils is not to deny the fact that many of its
cadres were originally born in South Vietnam,
and later trained or indoctrinated in the
north. Nor is it to deny that thousands of
zeroth Vietnamese were persuaded or forced;
to join the Vietcong in the south.
e. The Vietcong have employed methods
of terror, torture, and outright murder that?
nit a smaller scale, rival the atrocities of the
Axis Powers in World War II. Thousands of
innocent people (including women and chil-
dren.) have been deliberately slaughtered by
the Vietcong as "examples" for the other
South Vietnamese. Beheading and mutila-
tion are not uncommon. For American
academies to bemoan the "brutality" of the
South Vietnamese response; without the
telt* test comment on the initiators of the
brutality, is the epitome of bias.
6. The Communist regime in North Viet-
nam is among the harshest and most brutal
in Asia. All opposition has been exter-
minuted. The society is organized into cells
of mutual surveillance.
Cis, free elections of any kind have been.
permitted. The living standards of the
people are low even by Asian standards.
7. In contrast, the people of South Viet-
nam, until the stepped-up Vietcong attack?
were enjoying a far better living tetandard.
Hunger was virtually eliminated. Industries
were expanding. Schools, clinics, and
sobial weleare services were proliferating
rapidly. Between 1954 and 1961, there
were four elections, conducted with varying
degrees of freedom.
8. The Ceneva accords were brc ken first
and repeatedly by the Communists, as
documented by the records of the Interna-
tional Controls Commission,
9, The President has offered to imold un-
conditional peace talks with Hanoi and has
been reject ed repeatedly by Hanoi, Peiping,
and Moscow. The burden of prise C is now
on the Coirununists.
10. Cominunist conquest of South Vietnam
would, in our view, lead inevitaely to a
deterioration of resolve througho" it south
and southeast Asia. While the non-Com-
munist states in the region are not
likely to fall in actual geographical sequence
(that is, tee "domino" theory), we believe
these nations would eventually succumb
politically and/or militarily to Chinese ex-
pansionism following an Americen with-
drawal from Vietnam. We further believe
that Chinese hegemony over southeast Asia
would be disastrous to American national
interest and will severely compromise the
capacity of Japan, the Philippines, India,
and Pakistan to survive as independent
nations.
If there is any lesson that should have
been, learned by us since 1919, it is that col-
lective secority is the only effective means
to deal with totalitarianism on the march.
Our negot; ations and agreements must not
be "Munichs." Rather, they must be backed
by clear evidence of our determination to
maintain the arrangements agreed to as the
conditions for peace. Men who prize
liberty are unwilling to settle for peace at
any price. Nor does negotiate ea from
weakness ,ind without conditions serve to
piacate imperial ambitions. The surest
guarantee or peace in Asia is evii 'it; it has
always been eeerywhere; recognithin by all
that our commitments to our allies will be
honored. And we shall use the peace thus
secured as .Americans used it in postwar
Europe, end as President Johr son has
pledged to use it for Asia. The beefs for a
lasting, settlement in Asia will be built as
we create the conditions for freedom
through social and economic programs no
less than through military means.
The, sip ners ( organization al ffiliations
listed for identification purposes onlY)
Dr. Wesley R. Fish el, Michigan State Uni-
verstty; Prof. P. J. Honey. Univer-
sity of London; William P. Maddox,
New York City: Prof. .1M1ph L.
Turner, Michigan State University,
Dr. Charles Wolf, Jr., the Rand Corp.; Dr.
George E. Taylor, University of Wash-
ington; Prof. William B. Dunn, TJni-
versety of the State of New York.
Prof. john D. Montgomery, Harvard
University; Dr., Frank N. Treger, New
York University; Rev. Frances J. Cor-
ley, St. Louis University; Dr. Ches-
ter L. Hunt, Western Michigan Univer-
et.ty: 'Dr. Lucian Pye, Mass ichusetts
Institute of Technology; Dr. David A.
Wilsori, University , of Calif or aia.
Dr. Annom H. Katz, the Reed Corp.;
Dr. Jelin T. Dorsey, Vandei Silt Uni-
versity; Dr. I. Milton Sacks, Brandeis
University; Dr. Charles A. Joiner, Tem-
ple University; William Henderson, So-
cone- Mobil Oil Co.; Dr. Gu.. H. Fox,
Michigan. State University; Dr. Ralph
H. emuckler, Michigan State Univer-
sity; George K. Tanham, the Rand
Corp.; Dr . Karl J. Selzer, Yale Univer-
sity.
LAWS RELATIVE TO THE PRINTING OF
DOCUMENTS
Either House may order the printing of a
document not already provided for by law,
but only when the same shall be accompa-
nied by an estimate from the Public Printer
as to the probable cost thereof. Any execu-
tive department, bureau, board or independ-
ent office of the Government submitting re-
ports or documents in response to inquiries
from Congress shall submit therewith an
estimate of the probable cost of printing the
usual number. Nothing in this section re-
lating to estimates shall apply to reports or
documents not exceeding 50 pages (U.S.
Code, title 44, sec. 140, p. 1938).
Resolutions for printing extra copies, when
presented to either House, shall be referred
immediately to the Committee on House
Administration of the House of Representa-
tives or the Committee on Rules and Admin-
istration of the Senate, who, in making their
report, shall give the probable cost of the
proposed printing upon the estimate of the
Public Printer, and no extra copies shall be
printed before such committee has reported
(U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 133, p. 1937).
PRINTING OF CONGRESSIONAL LECORD
EXTRACTS
It shall be lawful for the Public Printer
to print and deliver upon the order of any
Senator, Representative, or Delegate, extracts
from the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, the person
ordering the same paying the cost thereof
(U.S. Code, title 44, sec. 185, p. 1942).
CHANGE OF RESIDENCE
Senators, Representatives, and Delegates
who have changed their residences will please
give information thereof to the Government
Printing Office, that their addresses may be
correctly given in the RECORD.
GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS FOR SALE
Additional copies of Government publica-
tions are offered for sale to the public by the
Superintendent of Documents, Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 20402, at
cost thereof as determined by the Public
Printer plus 50 percent; Provided, That a dis-
count of not to exceed 25 percent may be al-
lowed to authorized bookdealers and quantity
purchasers, but such printing shall not inter-
fere with the prompt execution of work for
the Government. The Superintendent of
Documents shall prescribe the terms and
conditions under which he may authorize
the resale of Government publications by
bookderilers, and he may designate any Gov-
ernment officer his agent for the sale of Gov-
ernment publications under such regulations
as shall be agreed upon by the Superintend-
ent of Documents and the head of the re-
spective department or establishment of the
Government (U.S. Code, title 44, eec. 72a,
Supp. 2).
RECORD OFFICE AT THE CAPITOL
An office for the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD,
with Mr. Raymond I'. Noyes in charge, is lo-
cated in room H-112, House wing, where or-
ders will be received for subscriptions to the
RECORD at $1.50 per month or for single
copies at 1 cent for eight pages (minimum
charge of 3 cents). Also, orders from Mem-
bers of Congress to purchase reprints from
the RECORD should be processed through this
office.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67600446R000400050004-9