WE CANNOT SOLVE OUR VIETNAM PROBLEMS BY GIMMICKS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400070001-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 27, 2005
• Sequence Number: 1
• Publication Date: May 31, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

May 31, 196.`pproved For P."t?1E~RJ: &
The committee amendment was agreed
to.
The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will re-
port the next committee amendment.
The Clerk read as follows:
Page 13, line 6, after "includes" insert "con-
finement and".
The committee amendment was agreed
to.
The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will re-
port the next committee amendment.
The Clerk read as follows:
Page 13, line 15, strike "States", and Insert
"States clasified as a felony under Section 1
of Title 18 of the United States Code, and
further includes any offense in violation of a
law of".
The committee amendment was agreed
to.
The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will re-
port the next committee amendment.
The Clerk read as follows:
Page 13, line 20, strike "punishable by
death or imprisonment for a term exceeding
one year." and insert "classified as a felony by
the law of the place where -the offense was
committed."
The committee amendment was agreed
to.
The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will re-
port the next committee amendment.
The Clerk read as follows:
Page 14, line 10, strike "selling" and insert
"unlawfully importing or selling or con-
spiring to import or sell".
SUBSTITUTE AMENDMENT OFFERED BY
MR. M'CLORY
Mr. McCLORY. Mr. Chairman, I offer
an amendment.
The CHAIRMAN. Is the amendment
an amendment to the committee amend-
ment?
Mr. McCLORY. The amendment is
a substitute to the committee amend-
ment.
The Clerk read as follows:
Substitute amendment to the committee
amendment offered by Mr. MCCLORY: Page
14, strike out lines 10 through 15, inclusive,
and insert in lieu thereof the following:
"(2) An offender who is convicted of un-
lawfully importing, selling, or conspiring to
import or sell, a narcotic drug."
Mr. CELLER. Mr. Chairman, I move
that the Committee do now rise.
The motion was agreed to.
Accordingly, the Committee rose; and
the Speaker having resumed the chair,
Mr. BuRRE, Chairman of the Committee
of the Whole House on the State of the
Union, reported that that Committee,
having had under consideration the bill
(H.R. 9167) to amend title 18 of the
United States Code to enable the courts
to deal more effectively with the problem
of narcotic addiction, and for other pur-
poses, had come to no resolution thereon.
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
REMARKS
Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that all Members
may have 5 legislative days in which to
extend their remarks on the bill now
pending.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from New
York?
There was no objection.
WE CANNOT SOLVE OUTS VIETNAM
PROBLEMS BY GIMMICKS
(Mr. STRATTON asked and was given
permission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. STRATTON. Mr. Speaker, one of
the more appalling practices that has
developed here in this House in recent
months is the practice of Members re-
leasing to the press the texts of speeches
"prepared for delivery," as the saying
goes, some 24 to 48 hours after the press
release date. As a result the speech gets
press coverage 12 to 24 hours before any
Member can even hear it, let alone read
it. And by the time he might wish to
comment, the matter is already old hat
and the press could not care less.
Such a pre-prepared address was re-
leased to the press yesterday by the gen-
tleman from New York [Mr. GOODELLI on
the highly sensitive issue of internal poli-
tics in Vietnam. It appeared on page 1
of the Washington Post last night, 13
hours before this House was even sched-
uled to convene. It probably would not
be delivered here for another 3 or 4 hours.
Obviously, Mr. Speaker, unless other
Members can comment on these un-
delivered speeches well before they finally
get delivered, we will never have an ef-
fective chance to comment on them at
all.
The speech I am referring to made the
seemingly plausible suggestion that the
United States should push at once for a
plebiscite, conducted by some supposedly
neutral third party, to determine
whether the people of South Vietnam
want the Vietcong to assume full politi-
cal power in their country. Such a sug-
gestion may get banner headlines, but as
anyone at all familiar with Vietnam will
quickly recognize, it contains four fatal
flaws.
Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, will the gen-
tleman from New York yield?
Mr. STRATTON. First, it just does
not make sense to talk as though Madi-
son Avenue polling techniques can be
translated in any meaningful way to
Vietnam in its present condition. This
is not the kind of blase, sophisticated,
literate country where the roving re-
porter can expect to feel the public pulse.
We would save a lot of wasted breath
here if commentators would learn this
elemental fact about Vietnam.
Second, it ought to be obvious, espe-
cially on Memorial Day, that in the mid-
dle of a war you are not helping by pro-
posing a vote on whether you ought to
surrender. It would be difficult to imag-
ine any question more explosively loaded
against ourselves.
Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman from New York yield?
Mr. STRATTON. No, I cannot yield
at this moment.
Third, the current political turmoil in
Vietnam should have made it clear by
now that the real question is not whether
we surrender to the Vietcong, but how do
we get the various non-Communist
groups in Vietnam together into a peace-
time, civilian government. Nobody has
burned himself up yet to urge that the
Vietcong be placed in power.
Fourth and finally, the formula for a
successful civilian government cannot be
11253
found by overnight gimmicks trans-
planted from our own high-powered mar-
keting research organizations, but by ap-
plying ourselves to the tough but vital
task of helping the Vietnamese people
develop a meaningful election machinery
of their own.
Mr. Speaker, if we in this House really
want to be helpful in these difficult days,
I suggest we forget about racking our
brains for some new, unusual, ingenious,
and catchy gimmick. We won't win in
Vietnam by gimmicks. But we can win,
Mr. Speaker, and we are in fact winning,
by continuing to devote our energies to
finishing off the military aggression, and
by helping the Vietnamese people get on
with the even more complex task, al-
ready moving forward under the leader-
ship of Ambassador Lodge and General
Westmoreland, of building a stable and
orderly society of their own.
A REMINDER OF OUR OBLIGATIONS
(Mr. ASPINALL asked and was given
permission to extend his remarks in the
body of the RECORD and to include an
address.)
Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Speaker, our
colleague, Representative JAMES A.
HALEY, of Florida, is rounding out his
12th year as Chairman of our Subcom-
mittee on Indian Affairs. Chairman
HALEY is widely recognized and respected
by Indians and non-Indians alike for his
patience, wisdom, and understanding of
Indian problems. I know of no one who
is more concerned over the plight of our
first Americans than our able colleague,
Mr. HALEY. The list of significant Indian
legislation bearing his name or stamp of
approval encompasses names of tribes in
nearly every State having reservations.
I was particularly pleased that on May
21, 1966, the Seneca Nation of Indians
recognized his outstanding leadership by
naming its new community center at
Salamanca, N.Y., in his honor. It was
the Seneca Indians that lost much of
their land due to the construction of the
Kinzua Dam and Reservoir a few years
ago. Largely through the efforts of
Chairman HALEY and other members of
our Committee on Interior and Insular
Affairs, the Seneca Indians received a
fair and equitable award for the loss of
their property. The James A. Haley
Community Center in Salamanca was
constructed from funds allocated for re-
habilitation and community purposes.
A second community center, this one
on the Cattaragus Reservation, also be-
longing to the Seneca Nation, will be
dedicated on June 25. This center will
be named in honor of the ranking minor-
ity member of the Committee on Interior
and Insular Affairs, Representative JOHN
P. SAYLOR, of Pennsylvania.
The dedication address delivered by
Chairman HALEY at Salamanca follows:
A REMINDER OF OUR OBLIGATIONS
My friends and fellow members of the
Seneca Tribe. A few years ago, I received the
high honor of being made a chief of the Se-
neca Tribe while I was visiting this reserva-
tion. Today you honor me further by calling
upon me to say a few words at the dedication
of this fine community building.
Whenever It is my privilege to participate
in a ceremony of this kind, I like to remind
the people that the building-no matter how
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- HOUSE May 31, 1966
beautiful it may be-is only a physical struc-
ture. What is truly important is not its
beauty nor the facilities it contains-but the
use that is made of the building and the
facilities.
Hence today, we should dedicate your new
building to the service that will be rendered
t hrough it to the people of the Seneca Na-
tion---service that will contribute to the fur-
ther advancement of a great and proud
i;: ogle.
I cci told that in the days gone by the
fc'neca, along with the other tribes of the
his Nations held their councils in the Long
noose. Here the great questions of the day
were threshed out and the elders of the tribe
pave counsel. The Long House meant secu-
rity and survival for the tribe, the place which
served the tribe as the capital of a modern
nation serves its people.
't'oday we see before us a fine new commu-
nity building which will serve the Seneca of
the Si,ace Age as the Long House served the
xuhcestors in the past. Here in this new
building there is a council chamber where
the elders of the tribe may again give coun-
cl as in clays gone by. There is secondly a
one new c:aleteria and kitchen which recall
the feasts of long ago when the hunters re-
turned laden witlh the spoils of the chase and
Elie women brought the vegetable foods---
corn, beans and squash--f6r the festival oh-
servances. Thirdly, there is an arts and crafts
room where the traditional folk art of the
f1eneca craftsmen will be on display to re-
mind the present generation of visitors and
friends of the skills and genius of the tribe
in making objects which honor the tribal
achievement and its great chiefs.
'I'll(,. terms of Public Law 88 533 of the 88t.h
Congress ('18 Stat. 738) included the author-
ization of payment by the United States for
certain interests in lands within the Alle-
r;'aany Indian Reservation in New York re-
quired by the United States for the Alle-
;heny (Kinzua. Dam) project, t.o provide for
the relocation, rehabilitation., social and eco-
n.chmic: development of the members of the
1leneca Nation. This new community house
is the first fruit of the financial recompense
which the Seneca Nation so rightfully re-
ceives under the terms of this Act. This
:4000,000 building is a symbol of the steadfast
:ldl,erencc to lirinciple of the Seneca Indians.
One of the most impressive of the ancient
rituals of the Seneca involved the rites of
thanksgiving and rejoicing for the many
benefits received by the Indians from the
i;reat Spirit. In the spirit of thanksgiving
alruost all public festivals were conducted.
Let us today approach the new commu-
nity house which has been built here in the
nanhe spirit of thanksgiving and rejoicing in
tihe good gifts which have been showered
upon mankind by the Creator. The road to
tee good life-is it rough one but it leads to the
right place. Here in this place we commem-
orate the great chiefs of the Seneca Nation,
Cornplanter and the rest, who did so much
to keep the heritage of the Indian intact
,luring the difficult years of readjustment to
ire new ways of life introduced by the white
Milli.
Many years have passed since you had the
guidance of Chiefs Cornplanter, Half Town,
Parmor's Brother, Little Billie, and Great
't'ree, but the time of adjustment continues.
You are taking steps today that can lead you
into he mainstream of our economic life.
'I'll is is not true of many of our Tribes who
have not fared as well as you.
As some of you know, for the twelve years
that I have served as Chairman of the In-
dian Affairs Committee in the House of Rep-
re,sentatives, I have been calling to the at-
tention of my colleagues the sad plight of
our Indian friends--remind [rig them of the
broken promises, the inadequate programs
and even the neglect that has too often
characterized our relationship with its first
citizens. Now people in high places have
taken heed of our problems. Let us hope a
new and bright day is dawning for our first
Americans--that they all now will have the
opportunity to enjoy a good life.
I believe that day has dawned for the Sen-
eca Nation.
Mr. Arthur Lazarus, Attorney for the Sen-
eca Tribe informs me that the current eco-
nomic prospect of the Seneca Indian:- is very
promising. A recent agreement with ! he U.S.
Pillow Corporation involves four individual
stockholders of that company and the First
Seneca Corporation a new company formed
specifically for the purpose of doing business
with the Senecas on a Seneca reserv;-.t.ion.
Under the agreement, the Seneca Nation
subscribes $200,000 for a :,'j percent equity
interest in the business and will pert'' up to
$400,000 in construction coots for the build-
ing (which will be paid bark in. rear over a
period of forty years), and loans the cor-
poration an additional $200,000, with the
repayment guaranteed by the U.S. Pillow
Corporation and. the individuals. It is an-
ticipated that in full production the First
Seneca Corporation will amploy c:er 125
Senecas and that the payroll will. be iri excess
of $300,000. The Senecas, as a nosult of
efforts and concern on the ;,:hart of our House
Indian Sub-Committee have been declared
eligible for the on-the-job training benefits
from the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
The First S.e!.ieca Coupo.'ation i nc-tory is
intended to be the first facility in ra larger
industrial p:irk. The Seneca Nation has ap-
plied to Economic Development Administra-
tion for it grant of $285,0110, with he Na-
tion's contribution being $122,000, for the
construction of a water system, acce:a roads,
a railroad siding and sewerage for the in-
dustrial park.
The Seneca Nation-first Seneca Crpora-
tion Agreement already h: a been approved
by the Secretary of the Irterior suuject to
certain conditions, and these conditirrhs have
already been fulfilled. In the Interior De-
partment, therefore, nothing farther stands
in the way of a :final decision except approval
of the conditions and formal release of Sec-
tion 4 funds. The architect has already pre-
pared plans and. specifications for the build-
ing, which must be approved by the Bureau
of Indian Affairs.
You are to be commended for the work
that is being done through the Seneca Na-
tion Educational Foundation. The invest-
ment of $1.8 million you have made in this
fund will reap substantial benefits for you
in the education of your young people. The
fact that you are now contributing directly
to the college education of 62 Seneca stu-
dents-40 attending colleges in Now York
State and 222 attending out of state schools-
speaks well for this program. In addition
to the college program, you have employed
two part-time Guidance Counselors and
sponsored a neighborhood youth program.
You are wise to devote suca attention to the
education of your youth--preparing them
well for the positions of leadership they hold
tomorrow.
These are some of the many things you
are doing for the further advancement of
your people..
Let us not forget, however, the promise
made by the Father of our country, General
and later President Gloorge Washington, to
the Seneca Indians that they would he secure
in their lands and homes as long as they
desired. This promise has been viola i ed, and,
although the Senecas have given up their
lands they will remember the words of Arthur
Morgan, the well-known authority on en-
gineering matters, in hearings before the
House Committee on Interior and Insular
Affairs at which I presided-he staled that
there was a very feasible alternative to the
Kinzua. Project. This alternative, of course,
was not approved and the Kinzua Project
did flood the Allegany Reservation and de-
prive the Senecas of their homes. The end
result, however, has been this new com-
munity, with this building as its center.
Let this new community building serve,
then to remind the Senecas of their obliga-
tions to the cause of their forefathe-s, the
security and maintenance of their home: and
firesides for all future generations. We have
in this structure a splendid opportunity t)
pass on to the younger generation the feel-
ings of pride and thankfulness in being: mmn-
bers of the Seneca tribe. As we look I
to the future days we have it task 1 i f 1--
gun, the task of rebuilding the lives o.` those
members of the tribe who were uprooted
from their homes by the building of the Kin-
zua Dam and the subsequent flooding if their
hereditary. homelands. May the Senecas be
endowed with all the wisdom and good coun-
sel needed to carry on from this time for-
ward.
I have been highly honored by the c-oca'.a
in being made a chief of the Tribe, I shall
always keep in my memory this fine token
of esteem from the great Seneca N.u.iui of
Indians.
This is a proud day in my life cra thr.i.
I ::hall always cherish.
RESPONSIBILITY WE FACE AS
LEADER OF FREE NATIONS
(Mr. POOL asked and was give-, per-
mission to address the I-louse for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his remarks
and include extraneous matter.)
Mn POOL. Mr. Speaker, I should like
to share with my colleagues a very fine
editorial from the May 17 issue of the
Dallas Morning News. This article very
aptly pinpoints the responsibility u e face
as the leader of the free nations of the
world. It is sometimes difficult for us to
comprehend the ways of the Vietnamese
people, as our national hreitage is for the
most part European; but regardless of
the differences of the cultures o1' East
and West, all peoples deserve the right
to the basic freedoms of the individual.
To insure these freedoms is our resoonsi-
bility as the leading nation of the world,
and we must never lose sight of the fact
that this is our ultimate goal.
STEADY Does IT
The current situation in South Vletncun
is but another step in our education a leader
of the free world. The only school it world
leadership, unfortunately, is the school of
hard knocks.
We did not ask to be the nation with the
responsibility for helping the weak and the
small nations to stay on their feet despite
the attacks of communism, the political dis-
asters caused by their own immaturity, or
both. But we have it and we must ful ill
it. Amid the spiteful bickering of South
Vietnamese leaders how easy it is for us to
play that futile, wishful game of "if only,"
If only the South Vietnamese leaders had
the vision to see that defeating the invader
must be the first task of all free men srid the
experience to recognize that first things must
be done first.
if only all the South Vietnamese pc-:uant
had the deep loyalty to their nation that:
characterizes Western peoples.
If only the concepts of reasoned debate
and compromise were as fundamental to
South Vietnamese politics as they are to our
own.
if only the South Vietnamese had a Euro-
pean culture so that we could more readily
understand each other.
If only we could retire behind our fleets
and wash our hands of the whole discourag-
ing business of defending small nations on
the Asian continent.
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A292'1
Approved For ReL"?RSPALCREELQOA ?L0070001-0 May 31, 19,3 6
register .its disapproval of H.R. 13643 in its
present form, and in the interest of the vet-
erans of the City of Hoboken as well as the
families of these veterans who will be de-
prived of the benefits as now provided by law;
and be it further
Resolved, That the City Clerk forward a
copy of this resolution to the Hon. HARRISON
A. WILLIAMS and CLIFFORD P. CASE, U.S. Sena-
tors from New Jersey, and the Hon. DoMINICx
V. DANIELS, Congressman of the 14th District
of New Jersey.
How Saigon Sees All Those GI's
EXTENSION OF REMARKS.
OF
HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 31, 1966
Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, in a
special report from Saigon to the New
York Times, which appeared in the May
8, 1966, edition, Mr. Neil Sheehan por-
trays his interpretation of the situation
in Vietnam today as seen from the view
of the Vietnamese people.
The article follows:
How SAIGON SEES ALL THOSE GI's
(By Neil Sheehan)
SAIGON, May 7.-South Vietnam is like a
seriously ill patient whose doctor, in curing
one of his ailments, ends up giving him new
ones.
In the spring of last year this country
was in danger of military conquest by the
Vietcong guerrillas. To prevent this the
United States committed American combat
units and began a massive military buildup
which has now reached about 255,000 Amer-
ican troops.
This powerful expeditionary force has
robbed the Communists of their hope for a
military victory by throwing a protective
screen around South Vietnam's major cities.
In the process, however, the presence of
so many Americans has contributed to the
country's already severe economic problems
by encouraging inflation, has had a corro-
sive social effect, and has aroused widespread
resentment.
The Americans prefer to regard themselves
as self-sacrificing guardians of a small coun-
try's independence. The Vietnamese do not
see them in that light.
A HARSH SOCIETY
The Vietnamese live in a relatively harsh
society where charity is not a common phe-
nomenon. Thus since the -Vietnamese nor-
mally do not entertain charitable motives
themselves, they do not attribute them to
others.
The Vietnamese instead believe the Amer-
icans are involved here for interests of their
own, whether these be preserving the United
States position in Southeast Asia, halting
the spread of Communism, or, as some Viet-
namese suspect, seeking to impose a pro-
tectorate on this country and secure military
bases here for a possible future confronta-
tion with Communist China.
"The peasants in Guatemala are miserable
too," a Vietnamese said to an American
friend, "but you Americans don't seem to get
very excited about them."
When David Bell, director of the Agency
for International Development (A.I.D.) re-
cently stated that the United States was in
Vietnam primarily for its own interests, a
Vietnamese columnist in a local English-
language newspaper leaped on the statement
with the joy of a detective who has just
obtained a confession from a suspect.
The columnist. demanded that Washington
henceforth cease mouthing platitudes about
its allegedly selfless motives in Vietnam.
PASSIVE ACCEPTANCE
At best most non-Communist Vietnamese
appear to regard the American presence as a
burden which must be tolerated as part of
the price for avoiding a Communist take-
over. The Vietnamese are not happy about
this burden and not all of them accept it
passively.
The most vocal group are the ultranation-
alists such as the militant Buddhist leader,
the Venerable Tri Quang, and his intellectual
and student followers. They decry the "dol-
lar culture" and basically view the Americans
as a new type of white colonialist whose in-
fluence must be carefully curbed if it is not
to engulf the country's independence and
traditional social structure.
Other Vietnamese appear to restrict them-
selves largely to complaining about the ef-
fects of the American presence.
The Saigonese, who have always been more
concerned about their personal comfort than
the prosecution of the war against the Com-
munists, complain about the lack of elec-
tricity and the fact that taxi drivers often
pass them up to take American soldiers who
pay inflated fares.
Americans are depriving the small middle
class in Saigon and other towns of new
houses and apartments and indirectly forc-
ing their eviction from homes they already
rent by outbidding them with the landlords.
Where a middle-class Vietnamese can at
most afford to pay 6,000 piastres a month for
an attractive apartment or house, the Ameri-
can will gladly spend 20,000 piastres or even
40,000 to 100,000 piastres for the better villas
and apartments. The piastre is valued at
118 to the dollar at the official rate, but is
more realistically set at 169 to the dollar on
the black market.
The lower-middle class of civil servants
and military personnel watch the purchasing
power of their fixed income dwindle steadily
as the inflation grows. It does not help their
sense of humor to see Americans eating in
the best restaurants and nonchalantly pur-
chasing PX items which to the Vietnamese
are expensive luxuries.
The peasants in the countryside have more
serious problems to contend with-many of
them now spend a good part of their lives
dodging American bombs and shells,
The Vietnamese are, in any case, a people
with a latent streak of xenophobia, whose
suspicion and fear of foreigners has been
shaped by their long history of warfare with
China to the north and the Laotians and
Cambodians to the west.
The Vietnamese also share the racial preju-
dice of many Asians toward the white man.
It is not uncommon to hear a Vietnamese
refer to Americans as "monkeys" or "crooked
noses."
A HUMILIATING SIGHT
The sight of thousands of their young
women degrading themselves as bar girls and
prostitutes is humiliating to the Vietnamese.
Their feelings might be roughly comparable
to the probable reaction in California, where
there is still some prejudice against Orien-
tals, if a civil war broke out there and a
wealthy army of Nationalist Chinese troops
moved in and began consorting with white
women.
The United States is thus paying the in-
evitable political price in resentment for its
military buildup here. This price is likely to
become steeper as the number of Americans
increases and the problems of Vietnamese
society grow.
So far there is no evidence that the resent-
ment is transforming itself into outright
anti-Americanism in the sense that large
numbers '9f non-Communist Vietnamese
would begin demanding an American with-
drawal from this country.
The Buddhists have been the only group to
express open hostility. to the United States,
but the Buddhists give no real appearance
yet of being determined to push this hos-
tility to .its ultimate conclusion.
The fear of a Communist seizure of power
is still too strong among non-Communist
Vietnamese for them to reject the American
presence here.
Nevertheless, political observers consider
the resentment a potentially dangerous de-
velopment which could under certain circum-
stances result in serious political
consequences for the United States.
Rusk Clarifies U.S. Policy
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 31, 1966
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, it is
surely true that in the mind of the aver-
age individual, and for that matter in
the minds of Congressmen, there is great
confusion as to just what the position
of the administration is relative to the
Vietnam affair. It is fortunate that
Secretary Rusk, in his recent speech in
New York City, again attempted to clar-
ify America's position. David Lawrence,
in his column published in the Washing-
to Star, summarizes this address by Sec-
retary Rusk in an excellent manner and
I am sure the readers of the RECORD will
be glad to have this article if they missed
it in their newspapers. Mr. Lawrence's
column follows:
RUSK CLARIFIES U.S. POLICY
(By David Lawrence)
Uncertainty is one of the biggest factors
that disturbs business. It affects not only
long-range but current planning.
For many months now, uncertainty about
the future of the Viet Nam situation has
been hanging like a cloud over the whole
economy. Chairman William McChesney
Martin of the Federal Reserve Board, in a
speech this week before the international
bankers conference in Madrid, declared that
basic decisions on the Viet Nam war consti-
tute "the critical issue and the major prob-
lem" for the American economy. President
Johnson himself has said he is trying to avoid
a tax increase and wage-and-price controls.
Coincidentally, Secretary of State Dean
Rusk has just made a speech in New York
City which clarifies the American position
and should have a decisive influence in bring-
ing the Viet Nam problem closer to an early
solution than was deemed possible a few
weeks ago.
For the United States has recently cleared
up many things. One of them is that Amer-
ica is not going to be swayed by the internal
friction in South Viet Nam and intends to
continue to protect that country against ag-
gression. More important, however, is what
Rusk has said to the rest of the world about
the American position. His statement should
remove all doubts that recent events would
cause the United States policy to totter or
perhaps bring about a withdrawal.
The Secretary did. not mention Senator
FULBRIGHT, but in the course of his speech re-
butted some of the arguments that could
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A2924 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX Ma,Y IWY;
Perpetual caging: In many laboratories,
the actimals are literally never released from
the cages. Some dogs have been continu-
ously confined for as long as seven years.
in such laboratories the animals, some of
them in serious condition, cannot escape
the water when the cages are hosed out.
Inodegaate cages: Most cages are far too
:,mall. In one laboratory all the cages are
:30"x30"x26". Collies, boxers, and other
large dogs cannot lie, much less stand in a
normal position. Cages for cats and other
:,mall animals are small and overcrowded.
Lack of postoperative care: It is the rare
laboratory, Mrs,. Dyce charges, that offers
adequate treatment after surgery. Often
they are left completely unattended.
Careless handling by caretakers. In some
laboratories inexperienced caretakers are as
signed to ,nuinal care resulting often in
crude treatment.
1 NVORMATION AVAILABLE
The Animal Welfare Institute has been
combatting these conditions by educational
means, It offers free of charge, to any inter-
ested laboratory, two complete reference
manuals, "Basic Care of Experimental Ani-
mals" and "Comfortable Quarters for Lab-
oratory Animals." A film, "Handling Lab-
oratory Animals," is distributed at cost.
lilit, Mrs. Dyce pointed out, education
alone is not enough. Legislation is the only
workable solution. The Animal Welfare
institute strongly recommends bills S. 2322
and S. 305:1, now before the Senate Com-
merce Committee. Both would establish
humane standards for conditions in labora-
tories as well as on dealers' premises.
Vnr legislation regulating experimentation
itself, the Institute recommends the Clark-
Cleveland bills, S. 1071 and H.R. 5647, now
pending in congressional committee.
EX'T'ENSION OF REMARKS
OF
LION. ROBERT L. LEGGETT
In his proposed civil rights law, now in
hearing in the House of Representatives, the
President emphasizes the need to guarantee
fair housing, by federal law and to make this
a fixed premise in the American life, the
need to rid the school and jury systems of
those corrosive racial conspiracies which still
exist, and the need to enforce law now on
the books and to attack directly such or-
ganized efforts to thwart them as posed by
the Ku Klux Klan and its like.
This remains the Uncompleted to ?.k facing
America in the granting OF full rights to all.
This legislation voted, the human l.rinciples
so beautifully embracedi in the 'funding
documents finally will have real a caning-
to all.
Congress owes to this p esidentii;l petition
its urgent attention, and Congress has in-
dicated it will give to the Presiders. that at-
tention. There is it political momentum
existing in American life furthermore, which
makes this deliberation, and the passage of
such legislation, a matter of personal politi-
cal fortune; and so even the rel,ictant in
Congress must reexamine old positions.
If it is just that equality be held out,
and enforced, in the schools and iii the pub-
lic place, where is the e:*_cuse for exempting
the right to housing, without preodiee? If
it is just that equality be pledged, and given,
in employment, in public trap:.portation,
where is the justice in denying fair, equal
hearing and fair, impartial judgment in the
courts?
It is a fact, as the President ha:- said, that
for all of the guarantees of the 1964 Civil
Rights Act, still there is discrimination in
certain sectors of the public life He asks,
and fairly, the question: Where r; the secu-
rity of any when the rights of tite few still
are withheld?
This nation aspires '.o greatn: sa. It can
never achieve it-clvid,ed.
E.TENSION OF H.EM/`+.i-tK.S
OR
HON. CHARLES S. GUBSER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN TIIE HOUSE OF REPRESEN'I'A'['IVE:S
Tuesday, May 31, 1966
Mr. GUBSER. Mr. Speaker, the em-
phasis upon the effort to organize agri-
cultural labor in California has created
rible a name as the University of California.
And, brother, that's pretty horrible.
How come we are getting such a kicking
around in this matter of wages? We have
just been checking the USDA figu e:; and
we could not find any later than October.
1965, but at that time California was leader
of the Nation, paying $1.43 an hour.
We can understand the unions figuring
that it's going to be a lot easier to collect.
$3 dues from a farm worker in Californ,;t
earning $1.43 an hour than it would be to
collect dues from a farm worker in South
Carolina earning 57 cents an hour. But it
just shows you how phony the unions are
when they claim they are organizint; to up-
lift the downtrodden worker. If this is their
motive, let them go into Pennsylvania where
the average farm wage is 95 cents in hour,
or Illinois at $1.05; Missouri, 87 cents; South
Dakota, $1.02; West Virginia, 75 cents; Flor-
ida, 81 cents; Tennessee, 77 cents; Mississip-
pi, 67 cents or Texas at 98 cents.
And what about the civil right.; groups
the church, SNCC, and CORE? 'they get
all choked up and emotional aboo . Califor-
nia while they should be trying to erring tit(,
rest of the U.S. up to California standards,
not only in wages but in fringe benefits tar
exceeding any other state.
This year in California the cola, weather
persisted in both the north and south xn,l
in effect squeezed the harvest season ul,.
We have an uneasy feeling that this hart e; t
year is going to peak worse than any harvest
year in the past 10 years.
At the moment of writing, the ttrm labor
situation is adequate and right here we bare
to pay some tribute to the labor contractors,
the guys we have attacked in the past. 'They
have been down in Texas recruitir-g all win-
ter long and they succeeded where the state
and federal government recruiting teams
failed. One reason they succeeded, we be-
lieve, is that the Federal Govrenlnent is sill
trying to make an example of California, and
while they have closed our borders we n i-
derstand the Texas border is still it sieve for
wetbacks. They have so many that 70 cc; is
an hour will buy you stoop labor.
Our high wages have attracted oui -: d-
state labor, but just a few days ago whci. Lite
government boys got on the phone anti called
each state west of the Mississippi, in no state
did they report any surplus faint labor.
So it appears to us that the U.b'. Depirt-
ment of Labor is again going to be (aced
with the decision to grant a few braceros to
California or be held responsible for suable
crop losses.
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
2'uesday, May 31, 1966
Mr. LEGGETT. Mr. Speaker, a di-
vided nation can never achieve the
greatness to which it aspires.
The Sacramento Bee thus sums up an
editorial which favors the administra-
tion's civil rights bill.
The newspaper says the President
speaks fairly when he asks the question:
where is the security of any when the
rights of the few still are withheld?
The bee says the needs emphasized
in the President's civil rights proposals
represents an unfinished task facing the
country in the granting of full rights to
all its citizens. Let me quote one pass-
age from the editorial :
This legislation voted, the human princi-
ples so beautifully embraced in the founding
documents finally will have real Ineaning-
toall.
Under unanimous consent I include
the full editorial in the RECORD:
CONGRESS OWES FAIR HEARINGS ON RIGHTS
President Lyndon B. Johnson has asked
the nation to complete the job of voting a
civil rights law aimed at creating single-
standard citizenship, at erasing the ghetto
from the American scene, at securing equal
justice for all in the courts and assuring full
citizenship in the public sector.
a false impression about woi king condi- To Secure a Negotiated Peace in Vietnr,-m
tions in California. The truth is tha\
California farmers who most compete ' EXTENSION OF REMARKS
with other farmers across thr Nation are t-i of
paying much higher wages than their
farmworker have concentrated on that
part of the United States which leads,
instead of trying to bring thatir competi-
tors up to the level California has already
achieved.
An excellent editorial on this subject
entitled "Bring Them Up to Us" was pub-
lished in the very respected publication
the California Farmer for May 21, 1966.
I commend it as required reading for any
person or group which truly seeks objec-
tivity in considerin?;; this important issue.
BRING THEM UP TO US
You know, it's sort of sickening to see the
national press that California agriculture is
receiving. Some of our friends in the East
have been sending us clippings, and Califor-
nia agriculture is getting just about as hor-
HON. GEORGE E. BROWN, JR.
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN'rAT t, ,I S
Tuesday, May 31, .1966
Mr. BROWN of California. Mr. S;wak-
er, among the numerous speeches and
statements I have made on Vietnam. I
believe that one I made on November 27,
1965, on the grounds of the Washington
Monument, bears repeating s: _t this time.
The speech follows:
To SECURE A NEGOTIATED PEACE IV VlF:TNAM
Mr. Chairman, friends and all of you who
seek peace in Vietnam and throughout the
world.
Most of you have no doubt asked your-
selves the question-as I have ae;ked myself-
why am I here today participating in this
rally before this monument of our first Presi-
dent? What hopes, what strategy, what line
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5
of reason or drive of emotion has brought To achieve peace in Vietnam, or any place colonialism and a desire for democracy, self-
us to this place from our homes and fami- in the world, requires more than a calculus determination and equality), and the govern-
lies throughout this great land? of terror. It requires reason, objectivity, a ment we are supporting-the Generals of
There are a few critics who have said dispassionate analysis-not only of military Saigon-has failed completely, despite all of
that we are seeking to undermine or sub- tactics but of the emotions and motivations our help, in instilling any of these fuzzy,
vert our country-to give aid and comfort of the other side, if we cannot step aside unrealistic, idealistic notions in the people
to an enemy-to force the President into a from the slogans and emotions of conflict they are supposed to represent.
course he might feel is wrong. and see ourselves, and the entire situation, We have been told from the beginning that
How mistaken they are. through the eyes of all the other participants, this is a South Vietnamese war-one which
We are gathered here today in the high- then the chances of a reasoned solution- must be won by the South Vietnamese. Now
est tradition of the American Constitutional one in which all sides will yield up some that is forgotten.
process, exercising that oldest of American part of the goals they seek-are indeed slight. We have been told from all sides that this
democratic rights-the right of citizens to And the tragedy of this conflict for the should not and would not become an Ameri-
peaceably assembly and petition their gov- people of Vietnam, now being sacrifled to can war-fought with American troops.
ernment. the global struggle between Communism Today, it is.
And we are joined for the purpose of and Democracy, is that on both sides they We have been assured that American air
seeking that most sought after goal of man- have the same humble goals. They want only and sea power would bring victory-that the
kind through the ages=peace on earth, good freedom and peace and the opportunity to bombing of North Vietnam would reduce the
will toward men. provide a little more of the good life for flow of their troops and shatter their morale.
We know that the President seeks that their children than they have had for Just the reverse has occurred.
goal as earnestly as any man. We know themselves. We have been told that we could not nego-
that he is committed to unconditional dis- What steps would reasonable men-real- tiate from a position of military weakness.
cussions with those we fight. We know that istically seeking an end to this war-propose Yet,- when a flood of American forces pro-
representatives of our government are seek- for both sides to take? duces military strength, we are advised by
ing to open the door to negotiations in a I suggest the following-most of which are some that victory, rather than negotiation,
multitude of ways, supported by the sponsors of this March: is our goal.
Our purpose here is to show by our pres- First, the United States should call for a It may well be that the North Vietnamese,
ence the strength of our commitment to that cease fire throughout Vietnam, whenever and the National Liberation Front, discour-
goal of peace through negotiations. Our pur- the other side is ready to accept it, and an- aged and frustrated by their failure to defeat
pose here is to pledge our dedicated efforts nounce that it is halting the bombing of the world's most powerful nation but having
to creating understanding and support North Vietnam for an indefinite period of little to lose after the destruction wrought
among the American people for all reason- time as evidence of its desire for a cease fire. in their country, may pursue the full logic
able efforts by the President to achieve these Second, the United States shoould halt the of the policy of escalation we have followed.
negotiations at the earliest possible date. intrduction of additional men and material, They may seek, therefore, to fully involve
The scourge of war has been man's great- and ask the other side to do the same. the land forces of Communist China and the
est enemy through all ages. And in every Third, the United States should reiterate missile forces of the U.S.S.R. in a last des-
war, whether of the Medes and the Persians, its support for a peaceful settlement in Viet- perate effort to cause us the death and de-
or the Greeks and the Romans, the kings and nam based on the principles of the Geneva struction we have caused them. This is the
the emperors of the Middle Ages, or the Accords of 1954-including the eventual ultimate result of escalation. What more do
Czars and Kaisers of more recent times- withdrawal of all foreign military forces, a they have to lose?
all sides have felt that they struggled for prohibition against alliances, the peaceful I have faith that the American people and
a just and noble cause. reunification of Vietnam, and self-determi- the leaders of this country will choose a dif-
Such is the case today. We fight under the nation for the Vietnamese people-and ferent path. I have faith that the President,
banner of peace and freedom for Vietnam the North Vietnam and the National Libera- who has announced his willingness to sup-
and resistance to the evils of an expanding tion Liberation Front should do the same, port the principles of the Geneva Conference,
Chinese Communist dictatorship. They, Forth, the United States should declare its will find a way to convince the other side
whom we oppose, likewise fight under the willingness to negotiate With all concerned that he means what he says.
ban er of peace and freedom for Vietnam parties, including the Vietcog-a primary In conclusion, I would like to offer one
andl'esistance to an expanding U.S. imperial- combatant. more proposal which I think would add
ism. The growing emotionalism that comes Fifth, the United States should declare its strength to the President's efforts and would
with all wars grips us and causes us to forget willingness to accept as part of the settle- receive the enthusiastic support of most of
the path that led us to the present crisis, and ment a representative new government in the people of the world. It is a proposal that
makes us less able to understand that our South Vietnam, selected through a free and would not merely end the fighting in Viet-
enemies might feel that their cause is also fair election supervised by the United Na- nam but would put us solidly on the path
just and noble. tions, and North Vietnam and the National to a more peaceful world. I suggest that the
Even those "pragmatists" who are willing tion Front should do the same. United States propose and aggressively sup-
to admit to errors of policy or tactics by the Sixth, the United States should declare its port a new Southeast Asia organization, corn-
United States in its past action in Vietnam support for a United. Nations Peace Force to posed initially of all of Vietnam-North and
contend that we cannot now remedy these supervise the cease fire, provide for peaceful South-of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, Burma
errors but must accept our present level of establishment of a new government in South and Malaysia and open to other Asiatic na-
involvement and deal with the military situa- Vietnam, protect the rights of all citizens tions who might later seek to join. I sug-
tion by the increased use of force. How and protect the neutrality of North and gest that this organization be formed on the
tragic this will sound when we stand on the South Vietnam. North Vietnam and the Na- basis of neutrality in the cold war, with each
verge of total nuclear war. tional Liberation Front should do the same. member completely free to select its own
For this Administration, and the American form of government without interference accept gaged in a holy thesis
people,
againstaCmmunism the oppo sing sides steps ould bring
table. from gent that its
each neighbors m any of great power. I organization
which demands complete victory and uncon- We urge them upon the President and upon ce military member in this relations t
ditional surrender by our enemies-is to com- all of his subordinates charged with a re- ll its renounce neighbors, ors, force h that its relations with
mit ourselves to the road to World War III! sponsibility for the American cause in Viet- a and that each member, and
The Presdent has rejected this course, I nam. And we urge them upon the Govern- the organization, receive in return the pro-
believe that members of Congress would re- ment of North Vietnam and upon the Na- antesarchon i ts a U. r Peace all tee and the guar Powers.
ject this course if it were presented to them tional Liberation Front. As a last tee step, I ity by al the that the United
today. And I hope that the American people It may be said that our proposals are naive States suggest t tho the United
in their wisdom will reject this course and and unrealistic-the product of fuzzy think- ance te to agree
these a states channel its economic theast
will support the President in the efforts he is lag by Idealistic dreamers not charged with Asian Development through a Souhease
making to end the fighting in Vietnam. the hard responsibility of clay to day de- a ten-year ar pledge pledge of Bapp ort which , and ich o ld be
What is required for the success of the cisions. I can only say to you that the real- at least equal to t it has would be
President's efforts? To this question many fists-the hard-nosed, practical decision- area in the last what
ten years. y a expended this
different answers have been given. There are makers-have yet to make a single correct ears. Other nations
would
some, no doubt, who feel in all sincerity that decision or prediction in Vietnam. And all The be benefits iof of d this the same.
increased bombing of North Vietnam is the the resources of men and material of this member states, action to each t the
answer-that this will produce an attitude of country are being and' 'to the United oates,
Y poured into South Vietnam would be enormous. A tremendous cloud of
reason and compromise-that this will con- in a futile effort to cover up their mistakes. fear would be lifted from this part of the
vince the North Vietnamese that we are eager I can offer a simple explanation of these world. Enormous military savings would be
for peace on honorable terms for both sides. mistakes, The enemy we are fighting-the channelled into economic development.
I do not agree with this answer. I reject illiterate, fanatic little peasants of Vietnam- Governmental systems and Ideologies could
the continued escalation of force by both has been successfully imbued by their Com- develop in free competition for the loyalty
sides as the path to peace. I see no evidence munist leaders with a lot of fuzzy, unrealis- of the people-providing us the opportunity
that either side responds to added force with tic, idealistic notions which they are willing to demonstrate in peaceful ways the superi-
any answer but more force on its own side. to die for (notions like freedom from white ority of Democracy.
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1I firmly believe that the United States
would vastly enhance its stature in Asia and
throughout the world by a proposal of this
sort. 1 believe it would give great strength
to the President in the difficult task he faces
in bringing about a negotiated peace. I know
that the succesful accomplishment of this
proposal would bring new hope to a fearful
world.
Mr. President? we who are assembled here
oil behalf of peace pray for your success in
achieving this most noble goal of mankind.
Ji X PENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. MELVIN R. LAIRD
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 31, 1966
Mr. LAIRD. Mr. Speaker, Roscoe
Drummond, the respected columnist, had
a thought provoking and highly sig.-
nificant article appearing throughout
the country on yesterday. Mr. Drum--
lnond comments on a statement by our
distinguished colleague and very good
friend, the gentleman from New York
I Nei'. GOODELLI.
The Drummond article follows:
1 e,: GOI' AND VIETNAM
(tsy lt,oscoo Drummond)
WASI INCTON, May 30, 1966.-In the wake of
the Oregon Democratic primary's 2-to-1 en-
dorsement of President Johnson's course in.
Vietnam, Republican leaders in Congress are
taking a new look at how they ought to
handle the Vietnam issue in the coming
elections.
They are becoming aware that if they at-
tack the President indiscriminately, they are
more likely to hurt themselves. They can't
afford to throw away their advantage of be-
ing more united behind the defense of Viet-
nam than the Democrats by heckling the
President and thus helping to disunite the
country.
The Republicans have two campaign is-
cues affecting Vietnam on which they can
rightly capitalize:
A. good case can be made that the Gov-
ernment would be strengthened for what-
ever tests lie ahead by correcting the egre-
gious imbalance between the two parties
in. both the House and the Senate. The
Johnson administration needs an effective
watchdog opposition in Congress and the
lt,ehublicans need more scats to fill that
need.
Aiecondly. it the country wants Congress to
back President Johnson's course in Vietnam
and to give hirn the support he needs to exert
both patience and firmness, he is more likely
to get it by increasing the Republican Mem-
bers than by giving any encouragement to
the Democratic liberal dissidents.
The latest evidence is that the emergent
Republican position on Vietnam is both pru-
dent and constructive.
A good example is the speech which Repre-
s,entative CHARLES E;. GOODELL, of New York,
chairman of the GOP Committee on Planning
and Research, is delivering in the House. It
was previewed without objection by other top
Republicans. In tone and substance it is in
keeping with everything Senator EvERETT
1)IawsEN has been saying.
CiOODELr, helps the administration by de-
livering a warning which undoubtedly re-
flects the attitude of the President. It is that
i f the South Vietnamese themselves withdraw
Irma the conflict or if civil disorders force
such withdrawal, "the 'United States may
have no alternative but to withdraw."
He also very usefully warns Americans that
such withdrawal would not mean peace but
would bring in its train successful aggression
which would make worse war more likely.
"Let no one think," he says, "that with-
drawal would bring an end to American
catualtics. It would, on the contrary, whet
the appetite of our fees for further conquest.
It would be, not the end of war, but a prel-
ude to a larger, bloodier, more cettl.y war."
But GOGDELL does not leave the Republi-
cans simply in the position of just support-
fair the President. He urgently counsels the
White House to quit pretending it. can. play
no positive part in furthering the conditions
needed for "free and meaningful elections in
South Vietnam." He proposes these steps:
1. That a preelection agreemen, be pro-
nio>ted among responsible reureserrtatives of
all major Vietnamese groups to abide the out-
come of the balloting.
2. That supervision of the electi: n be un-
dertaken by an international commission of
of both components under one central con-
trol headquarters, and
Whereas, the National Guard, over the past
decades, demonstrated its ability to accom-
plish its mission with tile least control Guid-
ance, now
Therefore, be it resolved, by the Army and
Air National Guard Association of Flew Jer-
sey, in conference assembled this 7th day
of May 1966, in Atlantic City, New Jer-
sey, that the President of the Unitc-i Staks,
the Secretary of Defense, the Sect ctary of
the Army, the Governors of the Several States
and the members of Congress are urged to
take all measures necessary to in,plenleal:
and accomplish the re-alignment of the
Army and Air Reserve units into the Na-
tional Guard at the earliest practicable date.
Further, That this resolution be :a omitted
to the National Guard Association of the
United States for consideration at the next
National Conference.
Adopted 7 May 1966.
SAMUEL F. 13RIr' it,
Colonel, NJANG, Secretary.
disinterested third-party states--not the
United States nor any Communist power.
3. That as part of the election there be a\\
direct vote on the war itself.
This is the kind of thoughtful advocacy
which can. put Republicans in the best pos-
sible position to go before the voters on the
New Jersey National Guard Resolution
EX'T'ENSION OF REMARKS
HON. DOMINICK V. DANIELS
OF NOW JLRSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 31, 1966
Mr. DANIELS. Mr. Speaker, I insert
at this point. in the. Rs .oiD the following
resolution adopted by the Army and Air
National Guard of New Jersey at its
Eighth Annual Conference in Atlantic
City, N.J.
Mr. Speaker, I thin[: that thi, views of
this association which represents 17,000
National Guardsmen in the State of New
Jersey merit the attention of all Mem-
bers of Congress.
'The resolution follows :
RESOLUTION #3
Whereas the Secretary of Defence has pro-
po,ed and submitted a plan to re-align cer-
tain Army and Air Reserve units with the
National Guard, and
Whereas the existing units of the Army
National Guard are to absorb Army Reserve
Personnel in-so-far as-manning :.paces per-
mit, and
Whereas, Air Force Reserve Uteits are to
be converted[ to Air National Guard units,
and
Whereas, the continued delay is adversely
affecting both Reserve Components in their
planning for training and actual operations,
and
Whereas the many Rezervo and i:Juard per-
sonnel, both Enlisted and Commissioned
have, these many months, viewed this re-
alignment with some apprehension, and
with sincere feeling and wonderment as to
whether their units would be converted,
absorbed and or be eliminated, to the point
that they cannot adequately plan. their
Reserve and Guard Careers, and
Whereas, the economy of the Department
of Defense and Department of the Army
would be better served by the re-alignment
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DONALD RUMSFELD
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESEN'TATIVES
Tuesday, May 31, 1966
Mr. RUMSFELD. Mr. Speaker, from L
background of past on-the-scene obser-
vations in Vietnam, Mr. Milburn?. Akers,
former editor of the Chicago Sun-Times,
appraises the situation today. Mr. Akers'
article from the May 22, 1966, issue of
the Chicago Sun-Times, follows:
NEEDED: POLITICAL COURA.CE
The southeast Asian mess gets messier; the
"dirty little war" gets dirtier and bigger.
Doubts have been expressed as to whether
the United States should have gone into
South Viet Nam in the first place and, being
there, whether it should have permitted itself
to be drawn into the combat aspects of tile
situation. Much of that is water over the
dam, of course. For, as once stated by a great
American statesman, Grover Cleveland, we
are now confronted with a fact, not a theory.
The fact is that we are in South Viet Nam;
that we are now engaged in military combat,
and that we are not, as a consequence of
many things, particularly the Smith Viet-
namese general staff, doing very welt.
Three years ago last February this writer
surveyed the South Viet Nam situation at
first hand and subsequently wrote in th:s
column that the South Vietnamese general
staff, politically oriented and professionally
far short of the needed competency, consti-
tuted the main hazard to military success.
This column also asserted, at the time, thc:.t
inherent in the mixed-up situatior in which
the United States was then engaged was an-
other Dunkirk. It hasn't come to that. And,
with adequate air and sea power available,
it probably will not.
But we have reached the brink cf a polit.-
cal Dunkirk. For elements of the South
Vietnamese army are now engaged in shoo-
ing each other instead of shooting Viet Corg
and their North Vietnamese allies The re-
sponsibility for this ominous situation is
directly traceable to the political intrigues
and political decisions of the cabal of South
Vietnamese generals who have, since the
assassination of President Ngo Dinh Diem,
controlled the Saigon government.
Compounding their errors is the political
activity of Buddhist monks and, it the other
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extreme, the widespread political apathy of
the Vietnamese peasants who, having been
subjected to 20 years of war, want every one-
Saigon troops, Viet Cong, North Vietnamese
troops and Americans-to go away and leave
them alone with their families, rice paddies
and water buffalo.
The war in South Viet Nam is either a
confrontation with communism, as Wash-
ington states, or it isn't. If it is, the John-
son administration should employ the neces-
sary force to win the conflict or, at the least,
the force necessary to bring about negotia-
tions. That hasn't been done and there are
to date few indications that it will be done
for fear of bringing Red China and possibly
Soviet Russia into the conflict. If there are
reasonable grounds for such fears, then the
United States should reconsider its basic
policy of containment. For containment
cannot always be accomplished without risk
of war, which may escalate into atomic
conflict.
If the Vietnamese conflict is not a con-
frontation between the West and the Com-
munist bloc-and some doubt that it is-we
should get out of Viet Nam as rapidly as
possible and let that truncated and unhappy
nation-Viet Nam, both north and south-
settle its plight in the manner in which
Southeast Asia has historically settled such
problems or, if not that, turn the entire
problem over to the United Nations, which,
while largely impotent, is where the problem
should have been placed in the first instance.
It will require a kind of political courage
and statesmanship infrequently found in
Washington to make one or the other of the
basic decisions needed: a decision to employ
whatever force may be needed to win the
Vietnamese conflict or a decision to get out.
The present strategy of half-way measures
doesn't meet the requirements.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 31, 1966
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, our
chief satirist, Arthur Hoppe, prepared a
fable evidently using as a base President
Johnson's Chicago speech because he re-
fers to Nervous Nellie. The column,
published in the San Francisco Chroni-
cle, Friday, May 20, follows:
THE FABLE OF THE GREAT BIG BULL
(By Arthur Hoppe)
Once upon a time there was a Great Big
Bull who led his herd into a quagmire. It
could happen to anybody. But in his mighty
struggles to get them out he managed only
to sink them all in deeper.
Naturally, a few members of the herd-
mostly rebellious young calves-questioned
the Great Big Bull's judgment. Some
thought they ought to go back the way
they'd come and some were for charging off
to the right or to the left or whichever.
At first, the Great Big Bull smiled toler-
antly at this small minority. "It is a tribute
to the democratic way I run this herd," he
said, "that I allow these well-intentioned but
misguided critics to speak out at a time like
this. Now let us struggle on."
So the herd struggled on, floundering and
thrashing about. And pretty soon they were
all in up to their knees.
"Maybe we ought to stop for a minute to
get our bearings," a bespectacled bull named
Nellbright suggested somewhat hesitantly.
For all members of the herd were under-
standably afraid of the Great Big Bull.
"You have the inalienable right in this
herd to suggest anything you want," said
the Great Big Bull testily. "Even though
you are obviously blind to experience, deaf
to hope and are perhaps giving aid and
comfort to the quagmire. Now let us strug-
gle on!"
So the herd struggled on, floundering and
thrashing about. And pretty soon they were
all in up to their bellies.
"I know we are the mightiest and most
powerful herd in the world," said the be-
spectacled bull named Nellbright with a
worried frown. "But it seems to me our
struggles are merely getting us in deeper."
This made the herd a little uneasy. "No-
body," snorted the Great Big Bull, "wants
to get out of this quagmire more than I.
Now let us struggle on!"
So the herd struggled on, floundering and
thrashing about. And pretty soon they were
all in up to here.
"We must tie a rope around our necks and
all pull together," ordered the Great Big
Bull. "Straight ahead, now ... two .
"But if we go that way," protested the
bespectacled bull named Nellbright, "we'll
all go right over the . .
"Listen, you Nervous Nellie," bellowed the
Great Big Bull, frustrated beyond endurance,
"you're trying to pull us apart to promote
yourself. Anybody who turns on his own
leader, his own herd, is a Nervous Nellie,
Now, to preserve our democratic way of life,
everybody shut up, pull together and follow
me."
And it worked! The herd, not wishing to
be thought Nervous Nellies by the Great Big
Bull, shut up, pulled together and blindly
followed their leader-out of the quagmire,
up a small rise, and right over an 8000-foot
cliff.
Moral: Silencing criticism in a democracy
requires a lot of bull.
Public Relations Organizations Raise
Professional Standards
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. LIONEL VAN DEERLIN -
Or CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 31, 1966
Mr. VAN DEERLIN. Mr. Speaker, as
a former news reporter both for daily
newspapers and for radio and television,
I am interested in a relatively new de-
velopment in an allied field which is
closely involved in serving the news
media. That is the effort of the Pub-
lic Relations Society of America to raise
professional standards through an ac-
creditation program. It is one that
should be noted and encouraged.
In an article in Washington Associa-
tion News, published by Colortone Press,
Thomas W. Miles, a public relations
counselor, recounts his reactions in run-
ning the accreditation obstacle course
in written and oral examinations. He
writes even though3 he has not yet heard
the outcome. His story is entertaining-
and of interest to news media and oth-
ers who have occasion to employ those
skilled in public relations techniques.
WHAT Is PRSA Ace.?
(By Thomas W. Miles)
A new symbol of special qualification is
making its appearance with increasing fre-
A2927
quency these days after the names of public
relations people in association work. It is
PRSA Acc. which is the abbreviation for
Public Relations Society of America Accred-
ited.
The designation PRSA Acc. in public rela-
tions is analogous to CAE in trade and pro-
fessional association work. CAE stands for
Chartered Association Executives, 'a program
of the American Society of Association Exec-
utives. Bill Dalton wrote about it in a
recent issue of Washington Association News.
The Accreditation Program is a bootstrap
operation. Through It PRSA is trying to
raise professional standards and improve the
practice of public relations. The induce-
ment is the award of special recognition to
those members, otherwise qualified, who
have demonstrated familiarity with the body
of written knowledge developed in the field.
In the Society's official literature these per-
sons axe identified as those "who, by passing
suitable written and oral examinations, have
demonstrated a high level of professional
competence and fitness,"
This is strictly a voluntary program.
Members participate, or not, as they see the
value. No adverse implication can be drawn
from a member's decision not to seek Ac-
creditation. Not to be accredited means
simply that-and no more. After all, mem-
bership in the Society is in itself a mark of
professional fitness.
Meanwhile PRSA members are responding
to the program in greater numbers than an-
ticipated. The public is also interested,
judging by the notice that the program has
attracted in publications. The program was
a year old only in February, and yet almost a
third of PRSA's 3,200 eligible members have
applied.
In the Washington Chapter 36 members
have been accredited. This is the figure
officially reported to the Chapter President,
Martin C. Powers, as of April 22. The roll
is published in this issue. Of these a dozen
are in the Business and Professional Asso-
ciation Section of PRSA and another dozen
or more ar'e in association work.
Until recently there were two routes to
Accreditation: direct appointment or exam-
ination.
The former was conferred by the PRSA
Board of Directors on applicants of recog-
nized background, experience, and standing.
On purpose the qualifications were made
arbitrary; and stiff. For instance at least
18 years of public relations experience was
required.
Another requirement was indentured
service. For direct Accreditation under the
"grandfather clause," as this provision was
known, a member had to agree to serve for
three years as an oral examiner. This was
PRSA's way of organizing the cadre needed
to get the program going. But after Feb-
ruary 11, PRSA ceased taking applications
for direct appointment.
The remaining route, examination, has all
the compensations of personal discipline.
To go back to the books after years of prac-
tical experience in the field has practical
value-it can be applied, It makes the dif-
ference between general familiarity and pre-
cise knowledge.
The reading, study and review that is
involved in preparation for an examination
is something that many PR executives hope
to get around to but rarely do. Accredita-
tion adds the needed incentive. At this
point the value of Accreditation is largely
personal, however, because broad acceptance
as a goal is yet to be achieved.
The examination process, both written and
oral, is more formidable in anticipation than
in fact. The written exam is a concenttated
six-hour workout on a typewriter in a room
alone, or at most with one or two others, in
it place designated by the Accreditation Board
that is reasonably convenient for the candi-
dates. It is monitored by Accredited cadre
members from the local chapter. But the
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 A2928 Approved ForLf 9 F P 7 ffl0400070001-c ~;y 0 196
examination itself is prepared and answers
are graded by The Psychological Corporation
of New York, professional examiners. The
exa nnation is an otherwise peaceful day.
'['here are no phones, no interruptions-?
nothing to do but bang the keys of the
portable you are advised to haul along.
1110 first hour (Part I) is the testy one.
The questions which cover the PR waterfront
are short, and your answers can be shorter.
None of the questions is tricky. This is the
part where your studying comes in handy.
The next two hours (Part II) are all in a
Pit day, except that in choosing your answers
,,,in are able to pick your job for the morning,
rather than take it as it comes in the work-
da.y world.
Alter lunch-comes THE problem, (Part
ill). This is a three-hour assignment that
you select from the many offered. A hypo?-
Lhetical situation, and an occasional one not
:-o hypothetical, is presented. It involves a
practical PR problem. That problem is yours
to solve in an afternoon--and you sip your
coffee at ,your typewriter rather than take
the time for a regular coffee-break.
It would be well to remember in answering
your problem that you may have to defend
your solution later in your oral exam. the
oral is a two-and-a-half hour interrogation
by a. panel of three of your peers. Sometimes
if, becomes a shoptalk session that enables
the panel members to become better
acquainted with you.
Nonetheless it is an examination, and some
of the questions are "structured." That is a
requirement of the Accreditation Board.
Certain questions must be asked, and certain
areas explored with all candidates.
'l'bcre should be no surprises in any part
of the examination process for anyone with
the required two years of experience and a
reasonable amount of studying. All of the
areas to be covered are staked out in two
I RSA documents which are available on re-
quest. One provides background and an-
,wers the questions most asked about Ac-
creditation, and the other offers a study out-
line with suggestions for collateral reading.
Take comfort from a veteran--there's
nothing to it but moonlight labor and mid-
night oil.
hospital Ship "Hope"
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
OF CALIFORNIA
TN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 31, 1966
Mr. YOUNGER. Mr. Speaker, Dr.
Richard C. Thompson of our district in
California recently returned from 6
months service on the hospital ship Hope
and has written to me about his experi-
ences and recommendations in regard to
Indonesia and the need, for our support
to the new administration in that coun-
try. A copy of his letter, which I am sure
will be interesting to all Congressmen,
follows:
CAN MATEO. CALIF.,
Stay 29, 1966.
17Dr AR CONGRESSMAN YOUNGER: After spend.-
ing three months in Indonesia on the HOPE
It is really exhilarating and astonishing to
read accounts in the paper about people in
powerful posts in that government who were
the very ones who befriended us on the
HOPE--the people who were so cordial, warm
and friendly toward us.
And now the steps have been taken to end
the confrontation with Malaysia. What role
has our government played In this? If a
significant role, then D. Rusk and his team
deserve the highest commendation and our
press should be alerted to extend the recog-
nition due and the congratulations to the
new leaders of that country.
Congressman YOUNGER, the signisicance of
Vietnam pales before the turn of events in
Indonesia--if what we read about now hap-
pening in Indonesia can be really developed
and secured.
They need our support and help--good
right kind of business know-how t. help the
leaders make good some of their promises of
a better life for the people.
President Johnson's proposal for a grand
development of the Indochina area is one
thing-great for propaganda now. But, if he
really means anything of the kind--just
think what could be done with the right kind
of government in Indonesia where there are
over 100,000,000 people-a grand ph;n in con-
junction with Japan could open fantastic
markets ir. the future..
Please make these sentiments knr wn to the
people who could really develop plans for
that area. Surely Australian consultation
and New Zealand could work w.th us to
evolve an overall strategy. We must, not pro-
crastinate or delay.
Sincerely,
The Weideabrueh Report
EX'T'ENSION OF REMARKS
OF
gyON. JOHN A. RACE
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 31, 1966
Mr. RACE. Mr. Speaker, I nave just
had the opportunity to read the report
of the delegate for Dairy and Food In-
dustries Supply Association to the U.S.
Chamber of Commerce annual meeting
of May 1 through May 4.
'T 'hat delegate, Mr. Peter Weir.cnbruch,
president of the Damrow Bros. Co. in my
home district, outlined the even its of the
chamber of commerce meeting in a con-
cise and well rounded report. which I
believe would be of interest to every
Member of this distinguished body.
This report gives an excellel:.t insight
into the views of the business world of
this country and expresses sonic of the
hopes and desires of our Nation's busi-
ness community for future development.
Mr. Speaker, I insert the to:,::t of this
message in the RECORD:
Tine WEIDENB:RUCH REros r-- 1966: REPORT ON
THE FIFCY-FOtrRTII ANNUAL MEET:. NO OF THE
CHAMBER OF COMMERCE OF TOE UNITED
STATES MAY 1,2,3,4,191:6
One of the many services rendered by
Dairy anc! Food Industries Supply Associa-
tion to its members, is a repor covering
the highlights of the Annual Meetings of the
U.S. Chamber of Commerce.
From the comments received In ;prior years
I know that many members look forward to
reading about the principal subjects that
were discussed during the annual meeting.
The selected subject covered during the
First General session was timely and touched
upon some of the real problems and difficul-
ties with which our members are faced today.
It was titled "How Business Leadorship Can
Bring About Desired Changes."
It is my considered opinion that the great
majority of our citizens including the Presi-
dent, his economic advisers and men and
women in the administration are convinced
that a change in our domestic and interna-
tional policies is not only desirable, but
absolutely necessary.
The Honorable John T. Connor, secretary
of Commerce, referring to the S1-7W; Of tl,('
times stated that, "Never have these signs
needed more careful scrutiny--and more
prudent interpretation-than they do to-
day." Reference was made to the overheated
economy, inflationary conditions, certain
types of controls and a tax increase.
Mr. Connor made a most important state-
ment when he referred to the working to-
gether between business, labor and govern-
ment. He also said that, "Labor, for its
part, must of course keep its wage demands
within reasonable limit, so that both busi-
ness and labor will share the fruits of the
gains in productivity."
Let us hope that President Johnson will
have the opportunity to road about the
speech made by the Secretary of Commerce
and that he will give careful consideration
also to some of the suggestions air?1 recom-
mendations made by other speakers duri:,g
the annual meeting.
It would indeed be a serious oversight on
my part if I would not quote from the w.-
cellent speech by the able Execu'.ive Vic(
President of the Chamber of Connnerce of
the United States, Mr. Arch N. Bo.rt.h, wlx:
Is well known to most of us. Referring spe-
cifically to the growth of our cities otnd com-
menting on the effect some of he vita
changes that have taken place in the past
and will continue to affect all of: Its in tfu
future, the speaker stated:
"Virtually all cities will growbut the
rate will be the decisive factor.. Boston,
Pittsburgh nad Cleveland will all ,row, for
example-but at a relatively slow r.: to, corn--
pared to otehr metropolitan centers. Fast,
growth-rate, or slow, the central fat is:
"Cities will be the focus of change.
"This country can plan for the impat,
before it strikes; and only the bu=incernrerr
of a community truly possess both t ie putcn?-
tial to plan for the impact of clan age---and
something more important: you have the
iederage to influence change itself. You can
manage and create the change y in wanl.
You have the leverage--the means of exert-
ing effective power to control the impact of
change.
"The nation's population will der more tl:riu
merely increase-by 1968, or 1080 or 2000.
It will change drastically in its make-up and
its characteristics:
"There will be a wrenching change in tine
age level of the American people.
"The young will take over.
"By 1970-four fleeting years frcrn new--
Americans will be the youngest people in
the world. In 1963, our average age wa,
about 33. Two years from now, br 1968, it
will have dropped to 25 or younger.
"These young people will have more than
youthful spirit. They will be the bert-
educated group in our population. They
will be equipped to make economic rand polit-
ical and legislative decisions-and to tnl.:
action.
"And they will be eager to do so!
"People are affected by change and their
needs and hopes and aspirations are what
create change.
"And that leads us to a crucial luestlon:
"'Who is responsible-moo far as impact in
the past can be measured-who is respon-
sible for the greatest measure of char,;
which has touched the life of th ' average
American in, say, the last 25 yearn?'
"Is the answer 'Government,' as s oine say?
"Or is it 'Labor,' as some say?
"Or is it, as others say, the powerful com?,
bination of government and labor
"Well, where has the real innovation, in-
ventiveness, the productivity of change comm
from in this country-in the past and the
present?
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