U THANT'S COUNSEL

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080014-5
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 27
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 29, 2005
• Sequence Number: 14
• Publication Date: June 9, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For ReGQL,C1fE-BORUBD RW400080014-5 June 9, 1966
ments made, in the light of the circum-
stances under which . they were made, not
misleading, or
(c) to engage in any transaction, practice,
or course of business which operates or would
operate as a fraud or deceit upon the in-
vestor.
INVESTIGATIONS, INJUNCTIONS AND PROSECU-
TION OF OFFENSES
SEC, 18. (a) Whenever it shall appear to
the Commission that any person is engaged
or about to engage in any acts or practices
which constitute or will constitute a viola-
tion of the provisions of this Act, or of any
rule or regulation prescribed thereunder, it
may, In its discretion, bring an action In any
district court of the United States, or the
United States District court for the District
of Columbia to enjoin such acts or practices,
and upon a proper showing a permanent or
temporary injunction or restraining order
shall be granted without bond. The Com-
mission may transmit such evidence as may
be available concerning such acts or prac-
tices to. the Attorney General who may, In
his discretion, institute the appropriate
criminal proceedings under this Act.
(b) The Commission may, in its discre-
tion, make such investigations as it deems
necessary to determine whether any person
has violated or is about to violate any
provision of this title or any rule or regula-
1tion thereunder, and may require or permit
any person to file with it a statement in
Writing, under oath or otherwise as the Com-
mission shall determine, as to all the factq
and circumstances concerning the matter to
be investigated, The Commission is author-
ized, in its discretion, to publish information
concerning any such violations, and to In-
vestigate any facts, conditions, practices, or
matters which it may deem necessary or
proper to aid in the enforcement of the
provisions of this title, in the prescribing of
rules and regulations thereunder, or in secur-
ing information to serve as. a basis for recom-
mending further legislation concerning the
matters to which this title relates.
(c) For the purpose of any such investi-
gation, or any other proceeding under this
title, any member of the Commission or any
officer designated by it is empowered to ad-
minister oaths and affirmations, subpena
witnesses, compel their attendance, take evi-
dence, and require the production of any
books, papers, correspondence, memoran-
dums, or other records which the Commis-
sion deems relevant or material to the in-
quiry. Such attendance of witnesses and
the production of any such records may be
required from any place in the United States
or any State at any designated place of
hearing.
(d) In case of contumacy by, or refusal to
obey a subpena issued to, any person, the
Commission may invoke the aid of any court
of the United States within the jurisdiction
of which such investigation or proceeding is
carried on, or where such person resides or
carries on .business, in requiring the attend-
ance and testimony of witnesses and the
production of books, papers, correspondence,
memorandums, and , other records. And
such court may issue an order requiring
such person to appear before the Commis-
sion or member or officer designated by the
Commission, there to produce records, if so
ordered, or to give testimony touching the
matter under investigation or in question;
and any failure to obey such order of the
court may be punished by such court as a
contempt thereof. All process in any such
case may be served in the judicial district
whereof such person is an inhabitant or
wherever he may be found. Any person who
shall, without just cause, fail or refuse to
attend and testify or to answer any lawful
inquiry or to produce books, papers, cor-
respondence, memorandums, and other rec-
ords, if in his power so to do, in obedience
to the subpena of the Commission, shall be
guilty of a misdemeanor and, upon convic-
tion, shall be subject to a fine of not more
than $1,000 or to imprisonment for a term
of not more than one year, or both.
(e) No person shall be excused from at-
tending and testifying or from producing
books, papers, contracts, agreements, and
other records and documents before the
Commission, or in obedience to the subpena
of the Commission or any member thereof
or any officer designated by it, or in any cause
or proceeding instituted by the Commission,
on the ground that the testimony or evi-
dence, documentary or otherwise required of
him may tend to incriminate him or subject
him to a penalty or forfeiture; but no indi-
vidual shall be prosecuted or subject to any
penalty or forfeiture for or on account of any
transaction, matter, or thing concerning
which he is compelled, after having claimed
his privilege against self-incrimination, to
testify or produce evidence, documentary or
otherwise, except that such individual so
testifying shall not be exempt from prosecu-
tion and punishment for perjury committed
in so testifying.
HEARINGS BY COMMISSION
SEC. 19. All hearings shall be public and
may be held before the Commission or an
officer or officers of the Commission desig-
nated by it, and appropriate records thereof
shall be kept.
UNLAWFUL REPRESENTATIONS
SEc, 20. Neither the fact that the registra-
tion statement for interests, lots, or parcels
in a subdivision has been filed or is in effect
nor the fact that a stop order is not in effect
with respect thereto shall be deemed a find-
ing by the Commission that the registration
statement Is true and accurate on its face or
that it does not contain an untrue statement
of fact or omit to state a material fact, or be
held to mean that the Commission has in any
way passed upon the merits of, or given ap-
proval to, such interests, lots, or parcels. It
shall be unlawful to make, or cause to be
made, to any prospective purchaser any rep-
resentation contrary to the foregoing pro-
visions of this section.
PENALTIES
SEC. 21. Any person who willfully violates
any of the provisions of this title, or the
rules and regulations promulgated there-
under, or any person who willfully, in a
registration statement filed under this title,
makes any untrue statement of a material
fact or omits to state any material fact re-
quired to be stated therein or necessary to
make the statements therein not misleading,
shall upon conviction be fined not more than
$6A00 or imprisoned not more than five years,
or both.
RULES, REGULATIONS, AND ORDERS
SEc. 22. The Commission shall have au-
thority from time to time to make, issue,
amend, and rescind such rules and regula-
tions and such orders as are necessary or
appropriate to the exercise of the functions
and powers conferred upon the Commission
elsewhere In this Act. For the purpose of its
rules and regulations the Commission may
classify persons and matters within Its juris-
diction and prescribe different requirements
for different classes of persons or matters.
JURISDICTION OF OFFENSES AND SUITS
SEC, 23. (a) The district courts of the
United States, the United States courts of
any territory, and the United States District
Court for the District of Columbia shall have
jurisdiction of offenses and violations under
this title and under the rules and regulations
promulgated by the Commission in respect
thereto, and concurrent with State and terri-
torial courts, of all suits in equity and ac-
tions at law brought to enforce any liability
or duty created by this title. Any such suit
or action may be brought in the district
wherein the defendant is found or is an
inhabitant or transacts business, or in the
district where the offer or sale took place, if
the defendant participated therein, and proc-
ess in such cases may be served in any other
district of which the defendant is an in-
habitant or wherever the defendant may be
found. Judgments and decrees so rendered
shall be subject to review as provided in
sections 128 and 240 of the Judicial Code,
as amended (28 U.S.C. 225, 347). No case
arising under this title and brought in any
State court of competent jurisdiction shall
be removed to any court of the United
States. No costs shall be assessed for or
against the Commission in any proceeding
under this title brought by or against it in
the Supreme Court or such other courts.
NOTICE CONCERNING THE NOMINA-
TIONS BEFORE COMMITTEE ON
THE JUDICIARY
Mr. EASTLAND. Mr. President, the
following nominations have been re-
ferred to and are now pending before
the Committee on the Judiciary:
Marion Mathias Hale, of Texas, to be
U.S. marshal, southern district of Texas,
term of 4 years-reappointment.
Robert I. Nash, of Texas, to be U.S.
marshal, northern district of Texas;
term of 4 years-reappointment.
Tully Reynolds, of Texas, to be U.S.
marshal, eastern district of Texas, term
of 4 years-reappointment.
Louis C. LaCour, of Louisiana, to be
U.S. attorney, eastern district of Louisi-
ana, term of 4 years-reappointment.
On behalf of the Committee on the
Judiciary, notice is hereby given to all
persons interested in the above nomina-
tions to file with the committee, in writ-
ing, on or before Thursday, June 16,
1966, any representations or objections
they may wish to present concerning the
above nominations, with a further state-
ment whether it Is their intention to ap-
pear at any hearings which may be
scheduled.
ENROLLED BILLS PRESENTED
The Secretary of the Senate reported
that on today, June 9, 1966, he present-
ed to the President of the United States
the following enrolled bills:
S. 2421. An act to authorize the adjust-
ment of the legislative jurisdiction exer-
cised by the United States over lands within
the Columbia River at the mouth project
in the States of Washington and Oregon; and
S.2469. An act amending sections 2 and
4 of the act approved September 22, 1964
(78 Stat. 990), providing for an investigation
and study to determine a site for the con-
struction of a new sea level canal connect-
ing the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans.
U THANT'S COUNSEL
the American people have every reason
to be distressed over the intensity of the
civil war in which this administration
has involved us in Vietnam. Recent
events point up the terrible extension of
this fighting and slaughter which has
been going on for years in Vietnam. The
immolation of Buddhists in the insurrec-
tion and revolt against Prime Minister
Ky is becoming increasingly terrifying.
Approved For Release 2005/07/13 : CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080014-5
 June 9, 1966 Approved a gg1 71JC R_01#ffRW6R000400080014-5 12115
misleading, or (ii) such part of the registra- (e) All or any one or more of the persons written petition praying that the order of
opy of such petition
fair and severally liable subsecon who in whole mission n part. A modified
tion statement as ani expert fairly or was not reesent his
cop}i of or extract from his report or valua- becomes liable to make any payment under shall be forthwith transmitted by the clerk
tion as, an expert; and (C) as regards any this section may recover contribution as in of the court to the Commission, and there-
part of the registration statement purporting cases of contract from any person who, if upon the Commission shall file in the court
to be made on the authority of an expert sued separately, would have been liable to the record upon which the order complained
(other than himself) or purporting to be a make the same payment, unless the person of was entered, as provided in section 2112
copy of or extract from a report or valuation who has become liable was, and the other was of title 28, United States Code. No objec-
of an expert (Other than himself), he had no not, guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation. tion to the order of the Commission shall be
reasonable ground to believe and did not (f) In no case shall the amount recover- considered by the court unless such objec-
believe, at the time such part of the regis- able under this section exceed the price at tion shall have been urged before the Com-
tration statement became effective, that the which the interest, lot, or parcel was offered mission. The finding of the Commission as
statements herein were untrue or that there to the public. to the facts, if supported by evidence, shall
was an omission to state a material fact re- be conclusive. If either party shall apply
CIVIL LIABILITIES ARISING IN CONNECTION WITH to the court for leave to adduce additional
gaited to be stated therein or necessary to PROSPECTUSES AND COMMUNICATIONS
make the statements therein not misleading, evidence, and shall show to the satisfaction
or that such part of the registration state- SEC. 11. Any developer or agent who- of the court that such additional evidence
(1) offers, sells, or leases an interest, lot, is material and that there were reasonable
ment did not fairly represent the state- or parcel in a subdivision in violation of sec- grounds for failure to adduce such evidence
meet ra t the from expert the t o or was s report not not a a fair copy of tion 4 of this Act, or in the hearing before the Commission, the
any ation part of 2) offers, sells, or leases an interest, lot, or court may order such additional evidence to
the or expert; and (D) as regards valuation
gis of (
the registration n statement purporting to be parcel in a subdivision by the use of any be taken before the Commission and to be
a statement made by an official person or means or instruments of transportation or adduced upon the hearing in such manner
purporting to be a copy of or extract from communication in interstate commerce or of and upon such terms and conditions as to
a public official document, he had no rea- the mails, by means of a prospectus or other the court may seem proper. The Commis-
sonable ground to believe and did not believe, communication, written Or oral, which in- sion may modify its findings as to the facts
at the time such part of the registration eludes an untrue statement of a material by reason of the additional evidence so
statement became effective, that the state- fact or omits to state a material fact neces- taken, and it shall file such modified or new
ments therein were untrue, or that there was sary in order to make the statements, in the findings, which, if supported by evidence,
an omission to state a material fact required light of the circumstances under which they shall be conclusive, and its recommendation,
to be stated therein or necessary to make were made, not misleading (the purchaser if any, for the modification or setting aside
the statements therein not misleading, or not knowing of such untruth or omission), of the origibal order. The jurisdiction of the
that such part of the registration statement and who shall not sustain the burden of proof court shall be exclusive and its judgment
did not fairly represent the statement made that he did not know, and in the' exercise and decree, affirming, modifying, or setting
by the official person or was riot a fair copy of reasonable care could not have known, of aside, in whole, or in part, any order of the
of or extract from the public official docu- such untruth or omission, shall be liable to Commission, shall be final, subject to review
ment. the person purchasing such interest from by the Supreme Court of the United States
(c) In determining, for the purpose of him, who may sue either at law or in equity upon certiorari or certification as provided
paragraph (3) of subsection (b) of this sec- in any court of competent jurisdiction, to in sections 239 and 240 of the Judicial Code,
tion, what constitutes reasonable investiga- recover the consideration paid for such in- as amended (28 U.S.C. 346-347).
tion and reasonable ground for belief, the terest with interest thereon, less the amount (b) The commencement of proceedings
standard of reasonableness shall be that re- of any income received thereon, upon the under subsection (a) shall not, unless speci-
quired of a prudent man in the management tender of such interest, or for damages if he fically ordered by the court, operate as a stay
no longer owns such interest. of the Commission's order.
of his own property.
(d) The suit authorized under subsection INELIGIBILITY OF CERTAIN PERSONS LIMITATION OF ACTIONS
unlawful for any
ll b
h
It
e
a
s
(a) may be to recover such damages as shall SEC. 12. (a)
represent the difference between the amount person to act as developer or agent who
paid for the interest, lot, or parcel (not ex- within ten years has been convicted of any
ceeding the price at which it was offered to felony, misdemeanor, or is subject to a stop
the public) and (1) the value thereof as of order, or permanent injunction involving
the time such suit was brought, or (2) the the purchase or sale of any interest in land,
price at which such interest, lot, or parcel or of any security, or arising out of such
shall have been disposed of in the market person's conduct as a developer, or agent,
before suit, or (3) the price at which such or as an underwriter, broker, dealer, or in-
interest, lot, or parcel shall have been dis- vestment adviser as defined in title 15, United
posed of after suit but before judgment if States Code, or involving embezzlement,
such damages shall be less than the damages fraudulent conversion, or misappropriation
representing the difference between the of funds, securities, or interests in land, or
amount paid for the interest, lot, or parcel in involving the violation of sections 1341, 1342,
a subdivision (not exceeding the price at or 1343 of title 18, United States Code, or who
which it was offered to the public) and the has been found by the Commission to have
value thereof as of the time such suit was willfully violated any provision of any Act
brought: Provided, That if the defendant which it administers or who has been found
proves that any portion or all of such dam- to have been a cause of such violation.
ages represents other than the depreciation (b) Any person who is ineligible, by rea-
in value of such interest, lot, or parcel re- son of subsection (a), to. act as developer or
sulting from such part of the registration agent, may file with the Commission an ap-
statement, with respect to which his liability plication for an exemption from the pro-
is asserted, not being true or omitting to visions of that subsection. The Commission
state a material fact required to be stated shall by order grant such application, either
therein or necessary to make the statements unconditionally or on an. appropriate tempo-
therein not misleading, such portion of or all rary or other conditional basis, if it is estab-
atich damages shall not be recoverable. In lashed that the prohibitions of subsection
any suit under this or any other section of (a), as applied to such person, are unduly
this title the court may, in its discretion, or disproportionately severe or that the con-
require an undertaking for the payment of duct of such persons has been such as not
the costs of such suit, including reasonable to make it against the public interest or
attorney's fees, and if judgment shall be ren- protection of investors to grant such appli-
dered against a party litigant, upon the cation.
motion of the other party litigant, such costs COURT REVIEW OF ORDERS
may be assessed in favor of such party liti-
gant (whether or not such undertaking has SEC. 13. (a) Any person aggrieved by an
been required) if the court believes the suit order of the Commission may obtain a re-
or the defense to have been without merit, view of such order in the Court of Appeals
in an amount sufficient to reimburse him for of the United States, within any circuit
the reasonable expenses incurred by him, in wherein such person resides or has his prin-
connection with such suit, such costs to be eipal place of business, or in the United
taxed in the manner usually provided for States Court of Appeals for the District of
taxing of costs in the court in which the suit Columbia, by filing in such court, within
was heard. sixty days after the entry of such order, a
enforce any liability created under section
10 or 11(2) unless brought within three years
after the discovery of the untrue statement
or the omission, or after such discovery
should have been made by the exercise of
reasonable diligence, or, if the action is to
enforce a liability created under section
11(1) , unless brought within three years after
the violation upon which it is based. In no
event shall any such action be brought to
enforce a liability created under section 10
more than five years after the sale of all the
interests, lots, or parcels which are the sub-
ject of a particular offering (other than any
as to which the offering has been with-
drawn), or under section 11(2) more than
five years after the sale.
CONTRARY STIPULATIONS VOID
SEC. 15. Any condition, stipulation, or pro-
vision binding any person acquiring any in-
terest, lot, or parcel in a subdivision to waive
compliance with any provision of this title
or of the rules and regulations of the Com-
mission shall be void.
ADDITIONAL REMEDIES
SEC. 16. The rights and remedies provided
by this Act shall be in addition to any and
all other rights and remedies that may exist
at law or in equity.
FRAUDULENT INTERSTATE TRANSACTIONS
SEC. 17. It shall be unlawful for any devel-
oper or agent in the offer or sale or lease of
any interests, lots, or parcels in any subdivi-
sion by the use of any means or instruments
of transportation or communication in inter-
state commerce or by the use of the mails,
directly or indirectly-
(a) to employ any device, scheme, or arti-
fice to defraud, or
(b) to make any untrue statement of a
material fact or to omit to state a material
fact necessary in order to make the state-
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 " -. Approved For RelCoNg gi( API4 99t 400080014-5 June 9, 1966
The magazine Oregon Education, in Its
May, issue, reports the effects of smoking
on young people and bases its shocking
statement of the effect of smoking on
teenagers on a recent report of the Amer-
ican Cancer Society.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the article entitled "The Im-
mediate Effects of Smoking on Young
People" be printed at the conclusion of
my remarks.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
THE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF SMOKING ON
'YOUNG PEOPLE
(By Charles Starr and Wade B. Patterson)
The American Public Health Association
has stated that one million school-age chil-
dren today are expected to die of lung
cancer before they reach the age of 70.
Others have also predicted that 4,000,000 to
5,000,000 more will the from other diseases
relating to smoking such as cancer of the
bladder, emphysema, and cardiovascular dis-
eases.
These predictions startle us and we realize
that we must redouble our efforts to educate
young people on the effects of smoking and
change their attitudes so that they may be
better prepared in dealing with the smoking
question. In accomplishing this objective,
we may well stress the immediate effects as
well as the long range effects of tobacco
usage. The immediate effects of smoking on
young people can be broken down into the
external physical effects, the internal physi-
cal effects, the economic effects, and the so-
cial effects.
EXTERNAL EFFECTS
Any person who smokes cigarettes regularly
is going to have characteristic external effects
that become part of his personality. Among
these are bad breath, which is seldom im-
proved by eating life-savers; a smell of smoke
on the clothes, the hair and the body, and
a , yellowish-brown stain on the fingers and
often on the teeth.
fVTE"RNAL EFFECTS
The internal physical effects are less known,
but more dramatic in their serious conse-
quences.
We know, for example, that cigarette smoke
contains compounds such as ammonia which
irritate the throat anal nasal passages.
Tobacco irritants cause a progressive paral-
ysis of the cilia and an increased secretion
of mucus in the presence of foreign particles.
The paralysis of the cilia and the increased
mucus cause the need for coughing to relieve
irritation in the bronchial passages. This
coughing may become persistent and open
the way for bronchitis and other respiratory
problems.
Cigarette smoking is known to cause con-
striction of arteries, increased pulse rate
(10-15 beats per minute) and increase in
blood pressure. The exchange of gases in the
air sacs 1,& the lungs is less efficient. As a
result, there is an extra demand on the heart
to increase the flow of blood to supply
enough oxygen to the cells. This factor,
along with carbon-monoxide displacement of
oxygen in red blood cells, hinders the per-
formance of athletes in strenuous sports,
Dr. Milton Brinton reports that the smoker's
lung capacity is 30 per cent less than the
non-smoker. Cigarette smoke slows down
digestion and may cause dizziness, decreases
appetite and may affect the diet, increases
the -chances for ulcers. It also weakens the
taste buds on the tongue, thus food is less
tasty.
Statistics show that smoking increases the
chances of a young woman giving birth to a
premature and undernourished baby. Pre-
mature birth rate for non-smokerss, in a study
conducted on nearly 3,000 Baltimore women
was 11.2 per cent as opposed to 22.9 per cent
for heavy smokers. The death rate of chil-
dren from smoking mothers was 16 out of
every 1,000 births whereas, the non-smoking
mothers only lost 6 children per 1,000 births,
or less than one half the babies lost by the
mothers that smoked.
Thirty-six per cent of the women who
smoke have menstrual disorders compared
with 18 per cent in non-smokers.
ECONOMIC EFFECTS
Cigarette smoking has economic effects on
the individual, both long range and immedi-
ate. A person who smokes only one pack of
cigarettes a day for one year will have spent
around $100, depending on the state in which
he lives. This can add up fast, especially
it he increases his habit to two or three packs
a day.
-The cost of cigarette smoking, according to
the Spokane Public Schools, is as follows:
Packs smoked
per day
-----------------
1%---------------
3-----------------
68 per cent showed decreases in grades of 10
per cent to failure. The non-smokers had
better grades and took tougher subjects than
the smokers.
Teens who are particular, may prefer dates
who do not smoke. As one teen-ager in Spo-
kane, Washington, stated, "Nothing cools
love's flame faster than the sickening odor
of cigarette breath."
From a social point of view, most teen-
agers have an effect on their fellow students.
Their habits and attitudes concerning smok-
ing may influence others not to start, to start,
or to stop. The American Cancer Society's
Annual Report (1964) states that the Gilbert
Youth Research, Inc., survey in 1958 showed
that 33 per cent of the American high school
students said they smoked cigarettes. A sec-
ond survey carried out in 1963, showed that
the percentage of teen-agers who said they
smoked had dropped to 29 per cent. A 1964
survey indicated a still further drop in high
school smoking. Only 17 per cent of the
teen-agers said they then smoked.
Apparently those who once started to
smoke continue; but beginning to smoke is
far less fashionable. An immediate school
social effect could be that as time passes on,
people who are tempted to start smoking will
get the reputation that they live dangerously,
that they are not using their intelligence to
the best of their ability. In other words, it's
smart not to start, or it's smart not to smoke,
When we add to this list of effects of smok-
Ing, the results of a study in England that
showed that 80 per cent of the smokers who
tried their first cigarette in their teens were
habituated within two years, we soon realize
that smoking definitely has some very pro-
found and immediate effects, even on the
young. We must therefore, elaborate and
emphasize these immediate effects as well as
the long range effects as we attempt to im-
prove the situation and reduce the predic-
tion of the American Public Health Asso-
ciation of 1,000,000 teen-agers dying from just
lu~Ig cancer before age 70 to none.
$1, 327
1,990
3, 9B1
$2,160
3,240
6,480
$610
915
1,830
The average teen-ager could save over
$10,000 (interest included) in a life-time,
plus living a healthier life if he would choose
not to smoke.
Another important economic effect is the
cost of smoker's carelessness in fire loss every
year. In Oregon alone, smokers cause about
$2,000,000 in fire loss every year. This, of
course, does not include the harm to the
person and loss of life oftentimes involved.
One national life insurance company has
a 5 per cent discount in cost for non-
smokers. .Actually the insurance companies
could offer a bigger discount since it is re-
ported that 50 per cent more heavier smoker
are hospitalized than non-smokers.
SOCIAL EFFECTS
What does a teen-ager look like when he
or she has a cigarette hanging out of the
side of the mouth? What about the teen
who puts on an air of sophistication or gla-
mour? Does he become more-or less-at-
tractive and acceptable, to his fellow
students?
In the Hazelwood Senior High School, Mis-
souri, the school has created the climate that
"It's Smart Not To Smoke." This attitude
was established through the efforts of the
school staff and students after an intensive
campaign designed to inform the students
about smoking hazards. Many students
stopped smoking through social pressures.
Others have been convinced that it's smart
not to start. Campaigns such as this can
eventually establish a cultural pattern that
smoking will make one less popular with his
fellow classmates.
The social effects of smoking on young
people can also be pointed out by citing some
findings of a study of Portland high school
pupil smoking habits conducted in 1959 by
the American Cancer Society. Researchers
discovered in this study that smokers were
less successful in social activities; they didn't
take part in clubs or social groups. They
found that the smokers were also less suc-
cessful in athletic activities and showed a
significant lack of scholastic achievement
and initiative.
. George E. Coraker, a teacher from East-
xidge High School, Rochester, compared non-
smokers and smokers of similar age, grade,
and I.Q. Coraker states that, "Smoking
tends to create disorders of personality
which causes disorders of memory." Of those
students starting to smoke In high school,
OUR ALLIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, one of
the questions we hear repeatedly in con-
neotion with this Nation's commitment
in southeast Asia is, "Where are our
friends, our allies?"
Richard Wilson, writing in yesterday's
Evening Star, has given a large part of
the answer. Britain, he points out, has
succeeded to large degree in protecting
the State of Malaysia by the commitment
of about 50,000 troops and $600 million
in its defense funds. I would add that
other allies, too, are contributing in vari-
ous ways. Thailand, of course, is hold-
ing its own on its own territory. Korea,
Australia, New Zealand and others are
contributing to the efforts in Vietnam.
And the British, as Mr. Wilson has re-
minded readers, are doing a vital job
of stabilizing the course of events in yet
another vital area of southeast Asia. I
ask unanimous consent, Mr. President,
that his column in the Evening Star on
British firmness in southeast Asia be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
BRITISH FIRMNESS PAYS OFF IN SOUTHEAST
ASIA
(By Richard Wilson)
All the while, and longer, that the United
States has been deeply involved in Viet Nam,
the British have been committed to hold-
Ing the line in another part of Southeast
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 June 9, 1966
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Ing power cannot be usefully applied to In- less obvious, but they should not be over-
dian education. looked on that account. They should be
How the proposed Foundation's initial recognized and removed as far as possible
fund of almost his 150 crores is to be invested when the details of the agreement are We-
is a question which has yet to be settled. It gotlated. It might be throught that all this
is a reasonable assumption that the funds is unnecessarily alarmist. But in a vital field
will be invested in Government securities of such as education no country can afford to
one kind or another and it can also be as- let the initiative pass into alien hands.
sumed that the Foundation will have a
recurring annual Income of some six crores
of rupees if not more. Even if the Foun-
dation's overhead expenses are extremely
high it will still have at least five crores of
rupees at its disposal every year for aiding
educational Institutions and promoting re-
search.
This would be a much higher sum than
what is available to the University Grants
Commission for similar purposes. In 1964-
05 the UGC was able to give grants of Rs
two crores for the development of scientific
education and research, Rs One crore for the
development of education and research in
the humanities and social sciences, and a
e:imilar sum for the development of engi-
neering and technological education. How-
ever, this money had to be spread over a very
large number of institutions and a good part
of it was spent on the construction of labo-
ratory buildings and other structures. It is
possible to suspect that the funds available
for actual research projects were very meager
indeed.
The Indo-American Foundation on the
Other hand will be in a much happier posi-
tion. It will be able to give funds on an
effective scale for research and other projects
of its choice. While the effective promotion
of research is all to the good, Mrs. Gandhi's
Government should consider some of the
other consequences. Almost every depart-
:ment in every university and other institu-
tions of higher education will start looking
to the new Foundation rather than the UGC
.for aid and guidance. Scholars who are en-
thusiastic about a project and are starved for
funds are not greatly concerned where the
money comes from. They are understanda-
bly anxious to get things done and when
they weigh their chances of getting the
necessary funds they will almost inevitably
turn toward the Foundation. The Founda-
tion in turn will decide what project or
which institution deserves its assistance. It
is not difficult to foresee that within a few
years the Foundation would come to occupy
the commanding heights of the educational
and research scene.
OTHER PROGRAMMES
At the moment the foreign aid programmes
at the university level are operated by the
University Grants Commission in collabora-
tion with the relevant Union Ministry. This
is true not only of the programmes assisted
by UNESCO, the Soviet Union and Britain;
it is also true of the programmes financed
from PL-480 counterpart funds which have
already been set aside for research projects
in agricultural, physical and biological scien-
ces. But judging from what President John-
son has said., the proposed Foundation would
be treated on a very different footing.
It is not enough to have distinguished
citizens of both countries on the Founda-
tion's board. of directors. It is additionally
desirable to ensure that the board is mainly
composed of Indian representatives who while
having a modern outlook see the country's
educational and research needs through
Indian eyes. This apart, two other things are
equally necessary. Firstly, the UGC must be
actively associated with the Indo-American
Foundation in such a way as to ensure the
Commission's overall control in the field of
higher education. Secondly, the funds at the
FEARS ABOUT INDO-U.S. FOUNDATION
UNFOUNDED
NEw DELHI, April 12.-Dr. John Hope
Franklin. the visiting U.S. historian feels the
Delhi University teachers' criticism of the
proposed Indo-U.S. education foundation
was premature and a little presumptuous.
"The underlying assumption seems to be
that the proposed foundation was meant to
benefit India alone," he said in an interview
today. "I should like to think it might
benefit Americans as much."
The fears expressed in the teachers' criti-
cism were based on conjecture. "We don't
know anything about the shape it will take.
Suppose," Dr. Franklin said, "500 American
teachers were to be financed by the scheme
to come and learn Indian history here; who
would benefit? Naturally the Americans. It
has got to be a two-way affair."
Visiting India for the :fourth time, Dr.
Franklin is reviewing the working of the Ful-
bright programme. This is in his capacity
as vice-chairman of the Board of Foreign
Scholarships, Washington, to which he was
appointed by President Kennedy. "But I am
not a Government servant," he added with a
meaningful smile.
He attaches great importance to exchange
programmes at the intellectual level. It was
a pity, he said that the average American
was not as knowledgeable about India as an
average literate Indiafn was about the United
States.
And he explained it as though he were in
his classroom in the University or Chicago,
For various reasons, historical and otherwise,
the Americans were so engrossed in their
own affairs that they did not pay any atten-
tion to Europe, "leave alone Asia."
"It was only after the Second War that
America became a global country; the result
was that we have a lot to make up," he said.
Dr. Franklin's answers to questions on
Vietnam and recialism in his country were
true to his name. "I hate war, have hated
it from my childhod, and I know it is not
the way to solve anything, but then I am not
clear on the alternatives. I wish I knew the
way out," he said.
CIVIL RIGHTS
How far had the anti-segregation laws been
Implemented in the United States, and to
what effect? A sudden change took place
in the smiling face. The question seemed
to have touched the Negro in Dr. Franklin.
But this lasted a moment. The affable pro-
fessor took over again.
"This has two planks to it: the Civil Rights
Law of 1984 and the Voting Rights Act of
1965," the professor said and explained the
substantial impact the legislation has had
on the segregationists. But the problem had
deep roots. Discrimination in employment
and housing in a handful of major cities
which contained one-third of the Negro
population was still an acute and serious
problem. It was strange, Dr. Franklin agreed,
that a country so advanced and affluent
should be so backward emotionally. It was
equally strange, he further agreed, that
Negroes with all their contribution to Amer-
ican arts, music and sports should still be
fighting for civil rights.
Dr. Franklin felt the problem of civil rights
would find full and complete solution within
sufficiently to enable it to promote research this generation. As for a change in the
and development as effectively as the Foun- feelings and attitudes of the White Suprem-
dation. That the Indo-American Foundation acists, "it is difficult to predict anything in
oan do a great deal of good Is obvious enough. the field of human failings," he said, paused
Some of its disturbing possibilities might be and then added: "You can't tell when people
would stop hating each other." And there
was again a far-away look in his eyes.
[From the Times of India, Apr. 8, 1988]
MRS. GANDHI ALLAYS MPS' MISGIVINGS?
INDO-AMERICAN EDUCATION FOUNDATION
NEW DELHI, April 7.-The Prime Minister,
Mrs. Indira Gandhi, assured the Executive
Committee of the Congress Parliamentary
Party today that the proposed Indo-Ameri-
can Education Foundation was in the best
interests of the country and there was no
basis for any misgivings on this score.
She and the Education Minister, Mr. M. C.
Chagla, explained the objects of the founda-
tion after critical references to it by two
senior members who asked for further details.
The Prime Minister is understood to have
taken strong exception to doubts expressed
by one member about American intentions.
She remarked that such an attitude created
misunderstanding and difficulties. If doubts
were expressed about the intentions of coun-
tries giving aid, they could also entertain
similar doubts about the recipient country.
GOVERNMENT'S APPROVAL
The proposal to have such a foundation
had been under consideration for some time
and was approved by the Government last
year. It would be administered in a manner
consistent with India's interests and all its
schemes and programmes would be subject
to the approval of the Indian Government.
No money would be spent without prior
sanction.
Mr. Chagla sought to remove the wrong
notion that the foundation might influence
the Indian way of life and culture. He said
that no effort would be made to influence the
educational system.
Critics of the foundation were reported to
have argued that involvement of a foreign
government in matters affecting the coun-
try's educational system might lead to serious
consequences. Since the foundation was to
be run by a joint board, there was nothing
to prevent interference by the donor country.
It might like to utilize the funds for spread-
ing the American way of life and culture.
rn the absence of more details, it would be
difficult to accept the proposal, they said.
IMPROPER AND UNFAIR
One member felt that it was highly im-
proper and unfair to doubt American inten-
tions. India was extremely backward in the
field of education and was in urgent need
of technical knowhow. The U.S. Govern-
ment had shown a great gesture by deciding
to invest Rs. 142 crores in the foundation.
He had no doubt that if the same proposal
had come from the Soviet Union, it would
have been readily accepted by the critics.
Misgivings were also expressed about the
proposal to route the Western foreign aid
through the World Bank. Some members
asked whether this would not give the aid a
private sector orientation since the World
Bank was a private investment agency.
A reference was also made during discus-
sions to the protocol in Britain here the
visiting Prime Minister of a Commonwealth
country was received at London airport not
by his counterpart In Britain but by the
Commonwealth Relations Secretary. It was
suggested that the Indian Prime Minister
should not go to the airport to receive the
British Prime Minister when he visited India.
The protocol in this matter should be on a
reciprocal basis.
TEENAGE SMOKING
Mrs. NEUBERGER. Mr. President,
who would not be shocked to pick up the
morning paper and see a stark black
headline-"One Million Teenagers Dying
From Lung Cancer?"
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Asia. About 50,000 British troops and $600 give aid to threatened countries there, as
million in British defense funds have been it did for Malaysia. .
involved.
The average American has probably never
heard of this commitment. If he had heard
of it he may have considered it a ragged
remnant of Britain's once proud colonialism,
the last gasp of empire, as did the political
left wing in England.
The news about Britain's last stand is that
it has succeeded. This success causes quiet
satisfaction in the Johnson administration in
Washington, and it is not hard to see why.
The dogged British have demonstrated
that a Western power's determined resistance
to Communist-aligned expansion in South-
east Asia can pay off. The calculated use of
strength, and, above all, persistence and
stubbornness, can have a decisive effect on
events and on leaders and governments whose
policies may be forced to change.
When the infant state of Malaysia was
created three years ago Indonesia's China-
oriented dictator, Sukarno, took measure of
its weakness and decided to lop off part of
it in Northern Borneo. The larger part of
Borneo is Indonesian. A "confrontation"
followed that drew down Britian's commit-
ment to protect the independence of the
infant state and hold the line against Com-
munist expansionism in Southeast Asia.
Last week the new leaders of Indonesia,
who had brought down Sukarno in an anti-
Communist blood bath estimated to have
taken the lives of 300,000 people, brought the
"confrontation" to an end in a quick agree-
ment with Malaysia that left Malaysia with
its portion of North Borneo. The "con-
frontation" was simply costing too much,
and the Indonesian generals had no heart for
it in view of Britian's stubbornness.
With this agreement some current myths
suffered a bad beating. One of these myths
is that the West "can't win" In Southeast
Asia because it is white man confronting
brown man. The Indonesian generals didn't
care about that, and the Malaysians, like the
South Vietnamese, had invited the protection
of the white man.
Another myth is that the Westerners no
longer can have any influence in Asia unless
they get out. The British stayed.
It will not be easy for Malaysia in the
future. This federation already has lost one
of its important components, Singapore.
Nor is it necessarily true that what happened
in the southern island reaches of Southeast
Asia will be repeated in the northern main-
land area adjacent to China.
But the Malaysian experience does help to
allay the sense of hopelessness about a West-
ern intervention that has as its. only aim the
prevention of expansionism in the Chinese
and North Viet Nam Communist style. The
British experience shows that the line may be
held by limited military methods, and th,.t
what President Johnson is talking about is
not just belated justification for an ill-
oonsidered act.
The British experience effectively refutes
the argument that the way to exercise power
in Southeast Asia is to )vithdraw to the sea.
If Britain had done that Sukarno would have
been in North Borneo long since, and if we
had done it in Viet Nam, Ho Chi Minh by now
would have been in gaigon. The way to
contain Chinese-style expansionism obviously
is to remain on the scene.
Hardly any of the non-Marxist opponents
of the Johnson Viet Nam policy oppose the
containment of China. Most of them con-
sider this to be necessary. The argument is
over how best to do it within practical lim-
itations.
The settlement in Malaysia also. should
make it easier for Britain to continue to ex-
ercise its. power for stability in the Indian
Ocean "east of Suez" by remaining ready to
These questions are much to the fore now,
both in Washington and London. The prob-
lems involved are vital to American policy,
for there is no desire in Washington to
shoulder any burdens in the Indian Ocean
area which Britain, or Britain's left wing,
may wish to lay down.
It would be strange if, Britain having shown
the way in Malaysia, we were now to aban-
don a policy proven wise.
WARSAW PACT STUDY
Mr. JACKSON. Mr. President, today
the Subcommittee on National Security
and International Operations, which I
have the honor to chair, released an up-
to-date study of the role of the Warsaw
Pact in Soviet bloc affairs. I want to
take this occasion to bring this study to
the special attention of my colleagues.
In its current inquiry into alliance
operations and the Atlantic Alliance, our
subcommittee though it would be, help-
ful to look closely at the Warsaw Pact,
communism's counterpart to NATO. The
11-year-old Warsaw Pact is in a state
of flux and ferment, and this timely
study puts in perspective the dissident
role of Rumania and the changing pol-
itical scene of Eastern Europe.
This subcommittee study offers evi-
dence that the Warsaw Pact is one of
the few remaining effective devices avail-
able to Moscow for holding the Soviet
bloc together at a time of growing eco-
nomic pragmatism and more national-
istically oriented policy stands by the
East European regimes. The East Euro-
pean governments, for their part, seem
to regard the pact as surety that the
U.S.S.R. will continue to underwrite
their Communist regimes and safeguard
their national boundaries.
On the military side, as the study
indicates, the pact's East European
armed forces have been modernized and
standardized by the Soviets since 1961,
and "meaningful military coordination
among the armies of the signatories has
advanced, so that Eastern European
armed forces are a more useful adjunct
to Soviet military power."
The subcommittee study offers further
evidence, however, that the Soviet Union
confronts some real problems with Its
East European allies. As the study in-
dicates, these problems include:
Difficulty in persuading some allies to
accept proportionate financial and other
burdens entailed in Warsaw Pact com-
mitments or to undertake larger pact
commitments.
Difficulty in overriding dissenting
members like Rumania by political pres-
sure, since even countries willing to fol-
low the Soviet line are reluctant to join
in isolating more independent members
in case they too should one day wish to
pursue a path of their own choosing.
Pressure by East European members
to have a greater voice in pact decisions,
especially as a safeguard against invol-
untary involvement in nuclear war.
Disagreements over current pact or-
ganization and chain of command, and
objections to Moscow's occupancy of all
the major command posts under the
pact.
12135
.Questions of reliability of forces of
East European regimes under some cir-
cumstances if called upon. to fight with
the Soviet Union.
I believe this timely study can con-
tribute to greater understanding of de-
velopments in the Soviet bloc and will
be of special Interest to officials of the
government and private citizens con-
cerned with problems of the Atlantic
GENERAL HERSHEY SUPPORTS
STEP PROGRAM
Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that an article pub-
lished in the Milwaukee Journal of June
7, containing an interview with Gen.
Lewis Hershey, Director of the National
Selective Service, be printed at the con-
clusion of rely remarks.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD.
(See exhibit 1.)
Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, earlier
this week I introduced S. 3470, a bill
which would provide special educational
training and physical rehabilitation pro-
grams for men not now able to qualify
for military service.
In the interview, General Hershey
states:
We ought to make some who are unfit, fit.
We ought not to put a premium on igno-
rance.
I wish to commend the general for
supporting this measure. There are
thousands of boys wanting to join the
service, boys who are basically qualified
to serve, but who are now rejected due
to minor educational defects. It is esti-
mated that between 11,000 anfl 15,000
men a year would benefit by this pro-
gram.
These young men who want to volun-
teer would make excellent soldiers.
They are highly motivated and would in
all probability remain in the service as
career soldiers. I am glad to know that
the Director of the Selective Service
agrees that something should be done
to enable these young men to qualify for
service.
ARMY SHOULD DRAFT, TRAIN UNFIT, GENERAL
HERSHEY SAYS
BALTIMORE, MD.-The educational stand-
ards for acceptance in military service "are
too high for our long range needs," Gen.
Lewis B. Hershey, national selective service
director, said Monday.
"We ought to make some who are unfit,
fit," he said. "We ought not to put a pre-
mium on Ignorance."
Hershey advocated that the military serv-
ices accept more illiterates and educate them.
"Do you mean the schools have failed?"
Hershey was asked in an interview.
"Well, we are now turning down two and
one-half million a year because they can't
pass a simple test," he replied.
Hershey said in his opinion there were far
too many exemptions from selective service.
"How are you going to have democracy and
fairness in a country where half of the people
are not accepted?" he asked.
As for whether a military draft is necessary,
Hershey said: "I never thought we had much
choice. How can you survive in this world
with your hands folded? A human being
has to exert himself to survive.
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high domestic price of butterfat and
growing dairy supplies in other nations.
Under section 206 of the Sugar Act,
the Secretary of Agriculture has the au-
thority to limit importation of sugar-
containing products if the importation
will or does substantially interfere with
the attainment of the objectives of the
Sugar Act. It is, hardly necessary to
note that one of the fundamental pur-
poses of the Sugar Act has been to pro-
mote within the United States the ability
produce a substantial portion of our
sugar requirements-for defense and
strategic reasons, as well as consumer
protection. Sugar is a vital food needed
by American consumers, and the world
supply of sugar has alternately been in
very short supply or in surplus. Our
sugar program has been intended to
stabilize what have been very drastic
changes in supply and demand, mostly
in the last few years.
However, should action not be appro-
priate under section 206 of the Sugar
Act, there is ample authority to proceed
under section 22 of the Agricultural Ad-
justment Act. That section provides
that when the Secretary of Agriculture
has reason to believe that any article im-
ported into the United States will render
or tend to render ineffective, or mate-
rially interfere with price support pro-
grams, he may recommend to thePresi-
dent that the U.S. Tariff Commission
proceed to determine the existence of
facts establishing the interference.
Interestingly enough, action has al-
ready been taken under this section. On
April 15, 1957, President Eisenhower
placed limitations, by Executive order,
on the importation of butter substitutes,
including butter oil, containing 45 per-
cent or more of butterfat. This restric-
tion would apply today to the butterfat-
sugar product imports, except that the
importers are careful to limit the amount,
of butterfat to 44 percent or less, thus
escaping the quota. President Kennedy
exercised this authority with respect to
certain cotton products in September of
1961.
This situation is serious for Minnesota,
since in both 1964 and 1965, Minnesota
has led the Nation in the production of
creamery butter, and has ranked among
the three leading States in production of
all milkfat.
Our dairy industry accounts for 22 to
23 percent of total cash receipts from
farm marketings-about $340 million an-
nually. It is possible that our dairy in-
dustry, now suffering from an unusual
decline, could be further crippled if the
rate of increase in imports of butterfat-
sugar products continues.
I intend to follow this situation closely,
and cooperate closely with the Depart-
ment of Agriculture in making the quick-
est possible assessment of the situation
and in taking action if intensive investi-
gation warrants placing some restric-
tions on these imports.
INCREASE IN IMPORTS OF BUTTER-
.: PAT-SUGAR PRODUCTS
Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, in the
past several months there has been an
alarmingly rapid increase in imports of
butterfat-sugar products, containing 44
percent butterfat, 55 to56 percent sugar,
and possibly a trace of vanilla. This sit-
uation is hinted at in the May 1966 dairy
situation report Issued by the Depart-
ment of Agriculture. But more recent
information indicates that the situation
is becoming serious.
Such mixtures, known under a variety
of trade names such as Junex, Lorex,
Ernex, and Grapex, have been imported
for many years. More recently, 2.5 mil-
lion pounds were imported in 1961, and
4.1 mullion pounds in 1962. But the
levels have never been higher than that.
There were no imports at all of this
product during the 1963-64 or 1964-65
Import years. But from July, 1965,
through February of this year, 6 million
pounds were imported. Since February
the rate of increase has been sharp and
rapid--3.1 million pounds were imported
in March of 1966; 8.1 million pounds in
April; and 19.5 million pounds in May.
All told, through May of this year, im-
ports of butterfat-sugar product has
totaled roughly 36.6 million pounds. It
is my understanding that in the first
week of June about 1 million pounds
came into the United States.
These imports constitute direct and
serious competition with domestic
sources of sugar and butterfat, and may
be handled under existing law. If these
imports are damaging the effectiveness
of our price support programs for manu-
facturing milk and butterfat, or the at-
tainment of the objectives of the Sugar
Act, machinery exists to do something
about it.
I have asked the Department of Ag-
riculture today to intensify their ex-
amination and assessment of the situa-
tion with respect to these imports, in
cooperation with other agencies that may
be concerned. The Department of Ag-
riculture is aware of the growing rate of
imports. But I believe the situation Is
serious enough to justify full-scale re-
view, together with beginning such ac-
tion as may be warranted.
Since August of 1951, the United States
has imposed import quotas on certain.
dairy commodities in order to protect
the domestic price support programs for
manufacturing milk and butterfat from
excessive Import interference. Among
the specific dairy products subject to
import limitations under section 22 of
the Agricultural Adjustment Act are but-
ter, dry, milk, and Cheddar cheese.
In recent months, imports in products
outside quota restrictions have been in-
creasing. Among these ex-quota prod-
ucts are fresh-frozen cream, Colby cheese,
and the "junextype" products contain-
Ing less than 45 percent butterfat. Be-
ginning in 1962, agreements between the
United States and leading dairy export
nations had limited trade in such com-
modities, but all of thes agreements ex-
pired on June 30, 1965.
A number of complex and interrelated
factors are causing these increases in
butterfat-sugar product, principally the
THE WAR ON POVERTY
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. President, it is
difficult for me to understand why some
of our colleagues manifest such a criti-
cal attitude toward the newly launched
war on poverty. From recent charges,
one would conclude that this is the most
ill conceived program ever enacted for
our citizens. Furthermore, Sargent
Shriver, the distinguished former Direc-
tor of the Peace Corps and now the Direc-
tor of the war on poverty, has been
subjected to unfair personal attacks.
In my opinion, and I am certain others
in this body share similar views, Mr.
Shriver is one of the most distinguished,
dedicated, and inspired public servants
ever to serve the U.S. Government.
Let us be fair in our evaluation of the
war on poverty and recognize that it
has been in existence less than 2 years.
And, second, let us be fair in giving cog-
nizance to several of its major accom-
plishments in this limited period of time.
It is remarkable that the Office of
Economic Opportunity has approved over
3,850 grants to community action agen-
cies covering over a third of all the
counties in the United States; involved
over 775,000 preschool children in Proj-
ect Headstart, with an additional half
million children scheduled to participate
this summer; provided basic education
and job training to 44,000 young men
and women through the Job Corps;
gained the participation of over 550,000
teenagers in the Neighborhood Youth
Corps; selected, trained, and assigned
over 2,100 VISTA volunteers to 278
rural and urban projects; benefited more
than 120,000 unemployed adults through
the work experience program; and has
established other antipoverty measures,
including adult basic education, rural
loans and small business development
loan programs, for groups chronically
affected by the ravages of poverty.
Mr. President, instead of decrying
every imaginary or legitimate short-
coming of this growing and dynamic
program, I suggest that we should com-
mend the Office of Economic Opportu-
nity for the establishment of exciting,
innovative concepts and programs-
known to millions of Americans as Project
Upward Bound, the legal services pro-
gram, foster grandparents, medicare
alert, and others-which have already
produced gratifying results. The Head-
start program has proved so popular that
demand for local projects far exceeds
available funds. Also significant are the
special programs extended to long-for-
gotten groups such as migratory agri-
cultural workers and American Indians
which will enable them to join the main-
stream of American life.
Admittedly, there have been prob-
lems, controversies, and occasional fail-
ures. But who could expect otherwise
from the daring, new approaches to over-
come the root causes of poverty in this
Nation. Is it possible to embark upon
such an approach, which permeates all
levels of government and affects hereto-
fore forgotten groups, many of whom are
in the midst of great social unrest, with-
out some difficulties arising? And is it
possible to imagine a meaningful war
on poverty, 18 months after its inception,
being easy and comfortable and unani-
mously popular? Poverty has afflicted.
some portions of our society for genera-
tions. It is not likely to disappear in a
single generation. But let us beware: of
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Brazos Electric Power Cooperative: Hollis Mitchell, Manager, Post Office Drawer 430,
A. Dalton, Manager, 2404 Le Salle, Waco,'Tex. Kirbyville, Tex.; Miss Betty Flllyaw, Post
Miss Margaret Walsworth, 2721 Herring Office Box 81, Newton, Tex.; Mr. Rodney Van
Avenue, Waco, Tex.; Mr. Howard Gray III, Horn, Route 3, Box 180, Kirbyville, Tex.
2901 Old Robinson Road, Waco, Tex. Lighthouse Electric Cooperative: Melvin
Cap Rock Electric Cooperative: O. B. Bry- Henry, Manager, Post Office Box 965, Floy-
an, Manager, Post Office Box 158, Stanton, dada, Tex.; Miss Anne-Marie Conner, Route
Tex.; Miss Brenda Dyson, Post Office Box 631, 3, Plainview, Tex.; Mr. Jerry Bigham, Post
Stanton, Tex.; Mr. Mike Springer, Post Office Office Box 813, Lockney, Tex.
Box 38, Lenorah, Tex. Lone Wolf Electric Cooperative: James T.
Central Texas Electric Cooperative: W. C. Hull, Manager, Post Office Box 793, Colorado
McWilliams, Manager, Post Office Box' 553, City, Tex.; Miss Linda Wiggins, Route 3, Box
Fredericksburg, Tex.; Miss Rebecca Hopson, 106, Snyder, Tex.; Mr. Dennis Grizzle, Post
Valley Spring route, Llano, Tex.; Mr. Office Box 224, Ira, Tex.
Stephen Mutschink, Post Office Box 628, Lyntegar Electric Cooperative: Garland
Mason, Tex. Pennington, Manager, Post Office Drawer A,
Coleman County Electric Cooperative: C. Tahoka, Tex.; Miss Maria Bray, Post Office
L. Newton, Manager, Post Office Box 860, Box 638, Tahoka, Tex.; Mr. Richard White,
Coleman, Tex.; Miss Linda Kasbert, Post Of- Post Office Box 96 Tahoka, Tex,
flee Box 124, Miles, Tex.; Mr. Ronnie Droll, McCulloch Electric Cooperative: B. C.
Route 1, Box 92, Rowena, Tex.; Miss Cheryl Broad, Manager, Post Office Box 271, Brady,
Beck, Post Office Box 296, Valera, Tex. Tex.; Miss Vicki Gamblin, Route 1, Placid,
Comanche County Electric Cooperative: Tex.; Mr. Terry Traweek, 900 North Bridge
W. J. Parks, Manager, Post Office Box 563, Street, Brady, Tex.
Comanche, Tex.; Miss Martha Fanning, 1100 Magic Valley Electric Cooperative: Lee R.
North Houston St., Comanche, Tex.; Mr. Troy Gandy, Manager, Post Office Box 267, Mer-
Lee Hatcher, Jr., Post Office Box 292, Moran, cedes, Tex.; Miss Claudia Bagley, Post Office
Tex. Box 42, Rio Hondo, Tex.; Mr. Alan L. John-
Deaf Smith County Electric Cooperative: son, Route 1, Santa Rosa, Tex.
Leo Forrest, Manager, Post Office Box 753, Medina Electric Cooperative: James N.
Hereford, Tex.; Miss Joyce Benner, Route 1, Myers, Manager, 2308 18th Street, Hondo,
Hereford, Tex.; Mr. Jerry Alberant, Post Office Tex.; Miss Jewelretta Keswick, 1415 North
Box 105, Nazareth, Tex. 7th Avenue, Crystal City, Tex.; Mr. John M.
Deep East Texas Electric Cooperative: D. N. Seifert, Box 208, Route 1, Hondo, Tex.; _Mr.
Beasley, Manager, Post Office Drawer N, San Lyle Thomas Stein, Route 1, Box 66, Hondo,
Augustine, Tex.; Miss Susann Ramsey, Post Tex.
Office Box 00, San Augustine, Tex.; Mr. Boyer Mid-South Electric Cooperative: Curtis F.
Taylor, Post Office Box 135, Tenaha, Tex. Maynard, Manager, Post Office Box 822, Nava-
Denton County Electric Cooperative: Bill sota, Tex.; Miss Becky Floyd, Route 2, Box 100,
R. Collins, Manager, Post Office Box 699, Den- Navasota, Tex.; Mr. Jimmy Weaver, 204 Ro-
ton, Tex.; Miss Bobby Ann Thompson, Post tello Street, Navasota, Tex.
Office Box 392, Frisco, Tex.; Mr. Jack Highflll, Midwest Electric Cooperative: Johnny
Post Office Box 194, Valley View, Tex. Ammons, Manager, Post Office Box 517, Roby,
DeWitt County Electric Cooperative: Fain Tex.; Miss Dinah Lovett, Route 1, Rotan,
McDougal, Manager, Post Office Box 231, Tex.; Mr. William Deknight, 2203 46th Street,
Cuero, Tex.; Miss Claudia Arnold, Route 4, Snyder, Tex.
Yorktown, Tex.; Mr. Charles Mueller, Route Tri-County Electric Cooperative: W. C.
2, Box 25, Yorktown, Tex. Casparis, Jr., Manager, 600 N.W. Parkway,
Dickens County Electric Cooperative: Lloyd Azle, Tex.; Miss Gwendol Wood, Route 1,
Hindman, Manager, Post Office Box 1104, Box 111, Azle, Tex.; Mr. Charles Lewis, Route
Spur, Tex.; Miss Gloria Moerno, Route 1, 1, Box 91H, Keller, Tex.; Mr. Russell Cotton,
Box K3, Spur, Tex.; Mr. Larry Powell, Post Route 1, Box 303, Mineral Wells, Tex.
Office Box 235, Spur, Tex. Wharton County Electric Cooperative: K.
Fayette Electric Cooperative: John P. A. Crawford, Manager, Post Office Box 911,
Luecke, Manager, Post Office Box 298, La El Campo, Tex.; Miss Michele Gibson, Post
Grange, Tex.; Miss Barbara Miller, 1230 East Office Box 1252, El Campo, Tex.; Mr. Arthur
Eblin Street, La Grange, Tex.; Miss Glenda Keinarth, 310 Blue Creek Road, El Campo,
Zappe? 123 Kroschell Street, Halletsville, Tex.
Tex.; Mr. Robert Fikac,2 Route 1, Box 187, Wood County Electric Cooperative: V. B.
Shiner, Tex.; Mr. Marvin L. Moerbe, Route 1, Shaw, Manager, Post Office Box 398, Quit-
La Grange, Tex. man, Tex.; Miss Quito Russell, Post Office
Fannin County Electric Cooperative: J. W. Box 1802, Hawkins, Tex.; Mr. Steve Lacy,
Cunningham, Manager, Post Office Drawer 404 North Pacific St., Mineola, Tex.
250, Bonham, Tex.; Miss Raylene Warnell, North Plains Electric Cooperative: Earl
Route 1, Bonham, Tex.; Mr. Terry Brent, Waide, Manager, Ppst Office Box 550, Perry-
Route 2, Wolfe City, Tex. ton, Tex.; Mr. Tom Zenor, Post Office Box
Farmers Electric Cooperative: Joe Lytle, 36, Higgins, Tex.
Manager, Post Office Box 1037, Greenville, Pedernales Electric Cooperative: Mr. Tom
Tex.; Miss Shirley King, 512 Lee Street, Sul- Hutchinson, Assistant to President, Post
phur Springs, Tex.; Mr. Danny Bonner, Jr., Office Box 9032, Austin, Tex.; Miss Beth Bar-
914 N. Davis Street, Sulphur Springs, Tex. ton, Post Office Box 238, Bertham, Tex.; Mr.
Guadalupe Valley Electric Cooperative: Eric McKinney, Post Office Box 167, John
O. W. Davis, Manager, Post Office Box 118, son City, Tex.
Gonzales, Tex.; Miss Jane Jahns, Route 2, Rita Blanca Electric Cooperative; Mr. R.
Box 152, Marion, Tex. L. Elliott, Jr., Manager, Post Office Box 990,
Hall County Electric Cooperative: J. W.. Dalhart, Tex.; Miss Uszanne Dixon, Post
Coppedge, Manager, Post Office Box 1020, Office Box 37, Morse, Tex.; Mr. Tommy Nis-
Memphis, Tex.; Miss Linda Simpson, 717 N. bett, 1405 Peach Avenue, Dalhart, Tex.
16th Street, Memphis, Tex.; Mr. Royce Pigg, San Bernard Electric Cooperative: Mr. G.
Star Route, Quitaque, Tex. R. Schumann, Manager, Post Office Box 158,
J-A-C Electric Cooperative: James E. Bellville, Tex.; Miss Sandy Criswell, Post
Fields, Manager, Post Office Box Drawer B, Office Box 254, Sheridan, Tex.; Miss Eliza-
Bluegrove, Tex.; Miss Suzanne Lindeman, beth Ilse, Route 2, Box 408, Columbus, Tex.;
Post Office Box 24 Windthorst Tex: Mr Mr. Francis Hagendorf, Post Office Box 275,
David Murray, Post Office Box 88, Byers, Tex. Shedan, Tex.
Jasper-Newton Electric Cooperative: Troy
1 Miss Beck' jointly sponsored by Group
a..,.e~. v.
? Co-sponsored by Fayette, Guadalupe Val- Mr. MONDALE. Mr. President, there
ley and San Bernard Electric Cooperatives. have been a number of newspaper arti-
12143
Iles recently about the problems which
have developed in our commercial import
program in Vietnam, carried out by our
Agency for International Development.
A particularly perceptive series has been
written by Charles W. Bailey, corre-
spondent for the Minneapolis Tribune
and the Des Moines Register.
As Bailey points out, the objective of
this program is to fight against rapid
inflation in Vietnam, which can threaten
stability, particularly in the cities, in a
very serious way. Our increased involve-
ment in Vietnam has inevitably gener-
ated unprecedented demands on the
economy there, and by shipping a large
number of goods there for commercial
sale we hope to soak up excess buying
power and keep prices down.
As one might expect in a program of
this magnitude, there have been very
serious problems. Chuck Bailey's anal-
ysis of these problems is worthy of the
attention of the entire Senate, so I ask
unanimous consent that several of his
articles be printed at this point in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Minneapolis Tribune, May 7, 19661
CZAR WILL PROBE PX BLACK MARKET IN SOUTH
VIETNAM
(By Charles W. Bailey, Minneapolis Tribune
Staff Correspondent)
WASHINGTON, D.C.-The Defense Depart-
ment, increasingly concerned over wide-
spread black marketeering of military Post
Exchange goods sent to South Viet Nam,
has named a "czar" to investigate and where
necessary clean up the situation.
Thomas D. Morris, assistant secretary of
defense, has been named "Mr. Black Mar-
keteer"-in the words of a Pentagon spokes-
man Friday-in an effort to clamp down on a
problem that could cause the administra-
tion considerable embarrassment.
The thriving black market in PX goods is
the most highly visible, though probably not
the most serious, symptoms of the theft, di-
version and lack of control which have
plagued United States military and foreign
aid shipments to Viet Nam.
Diversion and theft of United States aid
shipments, including goods purchased by
Vietnamese businessmen with United States
financing under the so-called Commodity
Import Program (CIP), is under intensive in-
vestigation by civilian authorities, who have
dispatched several dozen investigators to Sai-_
gon, South Viet Nam, in recent weeks.
Ironically, the Defense Department ap-
pointment of its own black market "czar"
follows by less than three months the nam-
ing of a similar official by the South Viet-
namese government at the insistence of
President Johnson and other top U.S. lead-
ers during the Honolulu conference.
It has been no secret in Saigon that the
influx of PX supplies for U.S. troops has fed
a thriving black market. Sidewalk vendors
there offer radios, liquor, canned food, cig-
arettes, clothing, bedsheets and other items-
many bearing Post Exchange price tags-
for sale in hundreds of open-air booths.
The PX black market drew fire this week
from Senator J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT, Demo-
crat, of Arkansas, chairman of the Senate
Foreign Relations Committee and a persist-
ent critic of the war in Viet Nam.
FULBRIGHT said that "30,000 containers of
hair spray were sent to Viet Nam in March...
it seems reasonable to suppose that this item
has found its way to the black market."
Anyone walking down Saigon sidewalks
can confirm that hair spray is a popular item
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE June 9, 1966
In the open-air black market. But FaL-
BRIGHT, according to highly knowledgeable
official sources, seriously understated the
magnitude of the shipments.
Shipments of hair spray to South Viet
Nam--destined for PX counters but often
diverted to sidewalk stalls-have been run-
ning at a level of more than 140,000 contain-
ers a month for the past four or five months,
these sources say.
There are fewer than 800 women in all of
South Viet Nam authorized to purchase
goods in U.S. Post Exchanges, the sources
say-nurses, dependents of non-government
U.S. personnel with PX privileges, and a
,handful of Vietnamese dependents of mill..
. ary men:
Thus the monthly consignments of hair
spray would provide close to 200 cans of
hair spray per month for each woman author.
ized to obtain it. The fact is that hair spray
is a standard gift for GIs to give to their
Vietnamese girl friends.
A Defense Department spokesman con-
firmed yesterday that Morris had been given
the black market "czar" assignment by
Deputy Defense Secretary Cyrus Vance. The
spokesman said that Vance acted after re-
ceiving "some reports" on the situation fol-
lowing his recent inspection trip to Vietnam.
The spokesman said Vance also has ordered
each service secretary-Army, Navy and Air
Force-to give him a monthly report on ac-
tions taken by them to curb black marketeer-
Ing, currency dealings, and similar illegal
activities.
Morris, who is assistant secretary of de-
fense for manpower, was chosen by Vance
because his responsibilities cut across Inter-
service lines, the spokesman said.
From the Des Moines (Iowa) Register,
May 10, 1966]
TEAM SEEKS To END VIET MISUSE
(By Charles Bailey, of the Register's
Washington bureau)
WASHINGTON, D.C.-Foreign aid officials,
spurred by evidence of major misuse of Amer-
ican aid to South Viet Nam, are hastily in-
creasing their efforts to control the nearly
$500 million worth of U.S.-financed goods
shipped each year to Saigon.
An entire new 27-man "special projects
team" has been set up in the U.S. aid mission
headquarters in Saigon, along with extra
auditors and inspectors, In an effort to pre-
vent further diversion of aid shipments by
profiteering merchants or agents of the Com-
munist Viet Cong.
The stepped-up policing efforts of the
Agency for International Development
(AID), which handles economic assistance
programs, parallel the action of the Defense
Department, which has appointed a "czar" to
crack down on black marketing in military
post exchange goods and currency. -
The military and civilian enforcement
drive apparently resulted, at least in part,
from investigations conducted In recent
weeks by the Inspector-General's office of the
State Department. This office has formal
policing authority only over the AID pro-
grams, but in addition has pointed up black
marketeering activities in military PX sup-
plies as well.
It was the curiosity of an official in the
Inspector-General's office that resulted in
the interception of 50 tons of a highly-explo-
sive chemical compound bound for Saigon.
The compound had been purchased by a
Vietnamese importer-Purportedly for use in
making rubber-soled tennis shoes-under a
program financed by AID.
COMPLICATED NAME
The inspector's curiosity as to the appar-
ent huge demand for- tennis shoes, plus the
complicated chemical name of the com-
pound, led to his initial inquiry, subsequent
tests by the Naval Ordnance Laboratory
showed the compound-trade-named "Uni-
cel-100" and known chemically as "dinitroso-
pentamethalene tetramine"-to be almost as
powerful as TNT.
A similar, though less lethal, item recently
turned back from its Saigon destination was
its Saigon destination was $1-million-worth
of silver nitrate. It was questioned, and
then canceled, because it seemed likely to
have been purchased as a "money maker"-
a nonessential import designed solely for the
enrichment of the importer.
Silver nitrate can be melted down-"in
the back of any shack," as one official put it-
Because the financing arrangements under
the U.S.-backed Commodity Import Program
(CIP) allow a Vietnamese importer to buy
goods at an exchange of 60 piastres to the
dollar, instead of the going black-market rate
of 180 to 200 piastres per dollar now prevalent
in Saigon, the potential for profit in such a
manipulation is large.
Even If half the silver nitrate is lost in the
conversion process, the importer would be
left with a tidy profit when he sold his solid
silver, in the form of ashtrays or -spoons, on
the Saigon market.
In addition, conversion of the unstable
piastre into something as "hard" and thus
stable as silver, particularly at a low pegged
piastre price, gives ,a Vietnamese a chance
to enrich himself in real, inflation-proof
terms.
TARGET O DEMANDS
According to an AID spokesman, the agency
has been the target in the last few days of
demands from both Congress and the White
House for details of past losses and future
control plans. The White House inquiries,
the spokesman said, had become especially
insistent, and he added: "There seems to be
a real flap over this."
As for Congress, a House subcommittee
headed by Representative JOHN Moss, Demo-
crat of California, arrived in Saigon last week-
end to look into the diversion problem. It
carries a special agreement giving it authority
to probe military as well as AID programs.
The AID agency Monday was unable to pro-
vide specific information on the new tougher
program of "end-use" auditing-that Is, the
checking of goods sent to Viet Nam under
the CIP program to determine whether they
have been used for the purposes stated in the
import application.
But an AID spokesman did provide this
run-down on the new control measures being
instituted:
A "special projects team," consisting of 20
AID officials and seven experts from the U.S.
Bureau of Customs, has been set up in Sai-
gon to see what happens to shipments after
they arrive. This team will be strengthened
by another 10 men within two months.
Two additional "management inspectors"-
empowered to call for records on any trans-
action-have been assigned to Saigon to join
the two already there.
Five additional staff auditors have been
assigned to the Saigon AID Mission to join
the 13 already there, and another 17 auditors
are to be added "as soon as possible."
The AID spokesman added that one or the
other of the two top officials of the Inspector-
General's office-Director Kenneth Mansfield
and his deputy, Howard E. Haugerud-has
been in Saigon "most of the time" In recent
weeks, investigating the situation.
Since there are about 375 employees in the
U.S. AID Mission In Saigon, the current 47-
man complement of inspectors, investigators
and auditors amounts to about one person in
eight in the mission. When the additional
policing personnel now planned arrive, the
proportion will be nearly one in five-a meas-
ure of the gravity with which the problem
is now viewed.
[From the Des Moines Register, May 14, 1966]
FEAR REDS GOT U.S. EXPLOSIVE SEE POSSIBLE
USE BY VIET TERRORISTS-CHEMICAL WAS
SENT TO PRIVATE FIRMS
(By Charles Bailey, of the Register's
Washington bureau)
WASHINGTON, D.C.-At least -100 tons of a
highly explosive chemical colifpound were
delivered to private merchants in South Viet
Nam under U.S. aid programs before suspi-
cious investigators discovered its potential
value to Communist terrorists.
The agency for International Development,
(AID), which administers the economic as-
sistance program under which the chemical
was shipped, is now trying to find out
whether the compound-purportedly im-
ported to Saigon for use' 1n making rubber-
soled tennis shoes-was diverted to the Viet
Gong. It is suspected that it was.
AUDIT ORDERED
An "end-use" audit has been ordered on
the 100 tons of Unicel-100 and Unicel-DN-
two variants of the same compound. They
were shipped before State Department in-
spectors learned of the compound's explosive
properties last month.
In addition to the 100 tons, an AID spokes-
man said Friday that undetermined addi-
tional amounts were purchased by Vietnam-
ese merchants, with U.S. financing, from
manufacturers In Japan and Formosa.
Tests of Unicel-100, made after an official
of the State Department Inspector-General's
Office questioned a 50-ton shipment, revealed
the compound to be nearly as powerful an
explosive as T.N.T. A single pound, packed
into a bicycle hand-pump and simply fused,
could wreck a building, officials said.
(The most recent terrorist blast in Saigon
reportedly was caused by a bomb attached to
a bicycle.)
The 50-ton shipment of Unicel was stopped
in mid-ocean. But the 100 tons shipped un-
der earlier authorizations already had arrived
In Saigon and had been picked up by the
merchants who bought it under the AILS
Commodity Import Program, which finances
purchases-at a favorable rate of exchange-
by Vietnamese businessmen.
The program subsidizes the Import of
goods, with the aim of providing materials
needed to strengthen the economy of South
Viet Nam without feeding the Inflation that
recently has become a major problem there.
But recent investigations, such as the one
that turned up shipments of Unicel so large
they obviously were not for the stated pur-
pose of making tennis shoe soles more flex-
ible and springy, have indicated widespread
misuse and diversion of U.S.-financed goods.
Such misuse involves not only diversion of
goods to the Communists-as suspected in
the case of the Unicel and such other ma-
terials as drugs, steel and cement-but also
its conversion in "Money-making" projects--
such as the melting down of silver nitrate
into pure silver for hoarding or resale.
AID spokesmen said Friday that the list
of specific "end-use" audits ordered in the
current crackdown is classified because the
agency does not want It known which items
are being checked. But they said that both
Unicel and silver nitrate are among the com-
modities being checked.
A spokesman said he was "sure" that no
more Unicel would be authorized for ship-
ment to South Viet Nam regardless of the
audit findings. As for silver nitrate, he sug-
gested that the current stop order would be
'maintained until investigations are corn-
plete.
The discovery of such incidents as the
Unicel shipment, plus increasing congres-
sional concern over the operation of the
Commodity Import Program, have resulted
in a drastic step-up in auditing and policing
procedures.
But the task of checking the $420 million
in goods shipped under the program in the
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last two years, and of preventing misuse of
the equal amount programmed for the next
12 months, will keep auditors busy for weeks
or even months, officials say.
Special emphasis will be put on checks of
so-called "critical" goods-materials which
would be of special use to the Communists.
In addition to drugs-especially antibiotics-
this list includes chemicals, small hand tools
and such machine tools as lathes which can
be used in making arms.
Of the $370 million in goods being shipped
this year under the Commodity Import Pro-
gram, almost $71 million is industrial ma-
chinery and equipment. Chemicals and
pharmaceuticals account for another $43
million. Iron and steer products shipped
this year are valued at $72 million, while
motor vehicles and parts are listed at $18
million.
[From the Minneapolis Tribune, May 14,
1966]
INFLATION COULD WIPE OUT ALL GAINS IN
VIETNAM
.(By Charles W, Bailey, Minneapolis Tribune
staff correspondent
WASHINGTON, D.C.-Behind the furore over
black marketeering, currency manipulation
and diversion of United States financed aid
in Viet Nam lies one central concern: The
fear that rampant inflation could wipe out
every bit of dearly-bought economic and
political progress in that shaky nation.
Inflation 1s traditionally a problem for
developing nations, where each economic ad-
vance may trigger a rise in demand that out-
strips the capacity to meet it. It is doubly
troublesome In Viet Nam because of the huge
impact of American military and war-con-
nected spending there.
The piastre, South Viet Nam's currency
unit, has so weakened in recent months that
it is now valued on 'the free market in Sai-
gon at more than 180 to the dollar-com-
pared to official exchange rates ranging down
to 60 to the dollar for some American-
financed official transactions.
The big United States build-up has made
an already bad situation worse. American
contractors pay wages to construction work-
ers well above local scales. American mili-
tary personnel, diplomats, correspondents
and others bid up the scale of rents in
Saigon.
Hundreds of thousands of dollars in United
States military pay is dumped each month
into the economy, sending consumer goods
prices sky-high for already hard-pressed
Vietnamese.
Not all the inflation can be traced to
United States spending. The build-up of
Vietnamese armed forces required bigger gov-
ernment outlays-without comparable reve-
nue increases.
Transportation and communications were
out back by the war, thus hindering produc-
tion at the very time when more was needed.
A manpower shortage brought repeated wage
increases as employers bid for scarce help.
With the piastre thus reeling under the
impact of American spending, it is not hard
to see why some Vietnamese businessmen
find it attractive to manipulate United States
aid programs.
A merchant who can buy a dollar's worth
of silver nitrate for a "pegged" price of 6
piastres, melt it down and sell the resulting
silver for upwards of 200 piastres has an
automatic profit, even after the shrinkage
Involved in processing.
And if he chooses to hold onto the silver,
he has an inflation-proof asset which can
be sold for hard currency at any time-
whether in Saigon or in some other country
to which he has taken his silver in the form
of spoons or bullion.
The political effects of inflation can also
be disastrous. Saigon's middle class popu-
lation-the civil servants, teachers and pro-
fessionals who must be counted on to play
No. 95-6
a major role In any real national govern-
ment-is progressively impoverished by In-
flation.
Their fixed salaries are worth less each
month. They must not only compete for
decent living space with the Americans but
must pay more and more for it as prices go
up. The cost of food, clothing, fuel, trans-
portation-of everything-goes up.
The best simple measure of the impact of
inflation is one statistic:'In 1965, after some
years of relative stability, consumer prices
rose about 40 per cent in one year. And in
some remote areas and refugee-crowded cen-
ters, prices doubled during the year.
Fighting this inflation has a high priority
in the Johnson administration's over-all eco-
nomic aid program for Viet Nam. The United
States is financing $370 million worth of
commodity imports this year and will pay
for another $420 million worth in the coming
fiscal year.
But some officials here believe that even
these massive efforts are not enough. "I
spent time in China after World War II," one
expert said, "and I watched inflation wreck
that country's economy. I'm afraid the same
thing could happen in Viet Nam, and wash
out everything we've done or hope to do."
This official, and some others like him,
believe the ambitious plans for social and
economic development which grew out of
the Honolulu conference, while certainly de-
sirable, may not be necessary as immediate
objectives-at last not imperative in com-
parison with the greater need to choke- off
inflation.
The attempt to produce the "social revo-
lution" proclaimed at Hawaii, some officials
suggest, is like "trying to attach a garden
hose to a fire hydrant" because Saigon's re-
sources of time, energy and export manpower
are so limited that it cannot fight a war,
curb inflation and also carry out the added
new tasks.
It is certain that the inflation problem is
at the heart of many of this week's meet-
ings between Ambassador Henry Cabot Lodge
and his Washington superiors. It is also at
the root of the stepped-up effort to control
the ultimate use of the millions of dollars
worth of U.S. goods being sent to Saigon.
[From the Minneapolis Tribune, May 20,
1966]
VIETCONG GETS SOME MATERIAL-U.S. BOOSTS
GUARD OVER AID Goons
(By Charles W. Bailey, Minneapolis Tribune
staff correspondent)
WASHINGTON, D.C.-The head of the United
States foreign aid program conceded Thurs-
day that controls over shipments to Viet
Nam have been "inadequate" and that some
supplies have wound up in the hands of the
Communist Viet Cong.
David Bell, administrator of the Agency
for International Development (AID), said in
an interview that the administration has
"added greatly" to the number of officials in
Saigon charged with overseeing the AID pro-
gram and will "more than double" existing
watchdog personnel.
As a result of newly revealed evidence of
major misuse. of United States-financed goods
sent to South Viet Nam, an entire new 27-
man "special projects team" has been set up
in Saigon. Another 25 or more Inspectors
and auditors are to be added to this force
soon, AID spokesmen said.
The stepped-up policing of AID ship-
ments-sent to Saigon under a commodity
import program now running at a $420 mil-
lion annual level-parallels action by the
Defense Department, which recently ap-
pointed a "czar" to crack down on black
marketeering in post exchange goods and
currency.
The degree of the military crackdown re-
mained unclear yesterday despite Defense
Department statements that 41 servicemen
and 70 civilians have been punished or in-
12145
vestigated for black marketing. -
A defense spokesman said that the totals
cover an 18-month period, and he said that
the civilian cases "remain under investiga-
tion" with no punitive action taken so far.
Bell's comments in a television interview
gave only a partial picture of the step-up in
AID policing activity. He said that 18
Americans are working "full-time" to oversee
the program in Saigon, and that this number
will be more than doubled.
Bell thus appeared to be referring only to
auditors, who are primarily engaged in fol-
lowing through on delivery records to deter-
mine what happened to goods sent to Saigon
under a program in which the U.S. govern-
ment finances imports by changing Viet-
namese piastres into U.S. dollars at a pegged
rate of 60 to 1, far below the free-market
exchange rate of 180 to 1.
Actually, the auditors-many of them
newly assigned to Saigon-are only part of
the check-up team sent there since recent
investigations by State Department inspec-
tors focused attention on abuses.
In addition, the 27-man "special projects
team," Including seven experts from the U.S.
Bureau of Customs, has been put to work on
the problem, and two additional "manage-
ment inspectors" with broad investigatory
power have been assigned to the Saigon AID
mission.
AID spokesmen say that another 10 men
are to be added to the "special projects"
group within two months, while at least 17
more auditors are scheduled to be dispatched
to Saigon as soon as they can be recruited.
Bell explained the possibility of diversion
of United States-financed goods to the Com-
munists in this way:
"When the goods have been delivered to
the businessman to whom they were sup-
posed to go open and aboveboard_ then they
are available in the markets, in the shops, in
the stores in Saigon and other parts of Viet
Nam.
"Then they may be purchased by someone
who is really acting for the Viet Cong and
they may be smuggled through the lines, so
to speak-as you know, there isn't any front
line in Viet Nam-out to the Viet Cong in
their jungle bases."
Bell conceded that "to some extent"
charges that United States-financed concrete
was being used by the Viet Cong to build
tunnels in its jungle redoubts were true.
Cement, he said, could be purchased in
Saigon by a Viet Cong agent and smuggled
into the jungle. "We haven't adequate data
to answer the question of how much of this
there is," he said.
To counter this diversion, Bell said, a
"major police program," including road
blocks, control points on waterways and other
checkpoints is being developed.
[From the Des Moines Register, May 24, 1986]
How U.S. AID FOR VIET GOES TO RED TAXES-
REVEAL HEAVY Loss or GooDs
(By Charles Bailey, of the Register's
Washington bureau)
WASHINGTON, D.C.-State Department in-
vestigators have unooverd substantial losses
of U.S. foreign aid goods being shipped to
out-lying points in Viet Nam-apparently
through outright theft by haulers or in the
form of taxes exacted by the Communist
Viet Cong.
The losses-which include cement, alumi-
num sheet roofing and food-ranged from
16 to 42 per cent of shipments leaving cen-
tral depots in Saigon, according to spot
checks made in seven South Vietnamese
provinces.
This latest disclosure of trouble in mas-
sive American aid to Viet Nam came in an
unpublicized report by Secretary of State
Dean Rusk to the Senate Foreign Relations
Committee.
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The report also cited a number of other
examples of problems in Viet Nam which
have been brought to light by the depart-
ment's inspector general's office. These in-
cluded black marketeering, currency manipu..
lation, opium smuggling and questionable
administration of a variety of aid programs.
CHECKS BY U.S.
While previous revelations have pointed up
the losseness of controls in programs involv-
ing private Vietnamese merchants who re-
ceive goods under U.S. aid programs, the de.-
tails of intransit losses revealed Monday in-
dicate similar problems in direct govern-
ment-operated aid efforts as well.
. More than a year ago, the inspector gen-
eral's office--charged with overseeing all U.S.
aid programs-ran checks on commodities
being shipped from Saigon to provincial
towns under the so-called counter-insur-
gency program.
Rusk reported to the Senate committee
that the probers "developed figures showing
apparent significant discrepancies between
the amounts of commodities leaving Saigon
and the amounts arriving in the provinces."
Specific figures, not included In Rusk's
report, tell the story more vividly.
Investigators checked records to find out
how much cement, aluminum sheeting,
wheat and vegetable oil were shipped In one
year from central warehouses in Saigon to
An Xuyen Province, in the .Mekong Delta
near the Cambodian border.
REVEAL LOSSES
They then checked provincial records in
An Xuyen to find out how much was de-
livered, allowing for truck and barge ship-
ments known to have been captured outright
by the Communist Viet Cong between the
national and provincial capitals.
The results of the check showed these
figures:
Of 9,000 bags of cement shipped and not
seized by the Viet Cong outright, only 7,367
bags reached the provincial warehouse-a
loss of 1,633 bags, or 18.1 per cent.
Of 26,793 gallons of vegetable oil shipped
from Saigon, only 15,446 gallons were checked
into the provincial warehouse-a loss of
11,347 gallons, or 42.3 per cent, with a value
of $24,800.
Of 8,020 bags of wheat that left Saigon,
only 0,363 reached the An Xuyen warehouse-
a loss of 1,657 bags, or 20.7 per cent, with a
value of $18,740.
Of 7,938 sheets of aluminum roofing ma-
terial shipped from Saigon, only 6,843 ar-
rived in the province-a loss of 1,445 sheets,
or 18.2 per cent.
Officials said that similar spot-checks in six
other provinces yielded comparable statistics.
There are 43 provinces in South Viet Nam, so
the total loss through this kind of diversion
was obviously substantial.
Those familiar with the investigation said
Monday that two factors undoubtedly ac-
counted for most of the losses between Saigon
and the provinces-either outright theft or
taxes by the Viet Cong as the price of allow-
ing the transporters to proceed in safety.
[From the Des Moines Register, May 25,
1966]
BID To BUILD VIET BREWERY WITH U.S.
An)-BUT OFFICIAL BLOCKED $4-MILLION
PLANT
(By Charles Bailey, of the Register's Wash-
ington bureau)
WASHINGTON, D.C.-U.S. officials in Saigon
sought to finance the operations of a private
Vietnamese brewery with $4 million in
American funds under a foreign aid program
intended to provide only "essential" goods,
official reports revealed Tuesday.
The proposed transaction" was stopped by
the State Department's inspector general,
who refused to allow the use of U.B. dollars
for importing malt and hops to be used In
making beer.
Details of the case, obtained by The Des
Moines Register Tuesday, provide new ex-
amples of the confusion and lack of con-
trols which have plagued U.S. aid efforts in
Viet Nam.
The malt-hops case also illustrates an-
other problem plaguing U.S. foreign aid
programs--the difficulty of persuading Amer-
ican aid officials to seek ways of utilizing
the huge and still-growing amounts of local
currencies piled up in various nations as
payment for American food shipments.
The Vietnamese malt-hops issue arose in
1965 when officials in the U.S. aid mission
in Saigon asked Washington for a waiver of
rules limiting the outlay of aid funds under
the so-called Commodity Import Program
(CIP) to "essential" goods.
ARTIFICIALLY LOW
[Under the CIP, private Vietnamese busi-
nessmen receive goods purchased here with
government dollars. They pay for the goods
with Vietnamese piastres, at an artificially
low rate of exchange.
[The piastres are then used in Viet Nam
on joint U.S.-Vietnamese government proj-
ects, so the cost of the goods shipped under
CIP is fully borne by U. S..public funds.]
The inspector general's office, in the State
Department-charged with checking the op-
eration of all overseas U.S. assistance pro-
grams--questioned the waiver application on
several grounds.
First, it saw no reason to waive the essen-
tial-goods-only rule for a project involving
the production of beer.
Second, it found the proposal objection-
able on the ground that malt and hops were
commodities which have to be imported into
the U. S. to meet the full needs of brewers
here. Thus the transaction would have fur-
ther increased net Import requirements in
the United States and would thus tend to
worsen our balance-of-payments problem.
FIVE-MILLION-DOLLAR CREDIT
Third, the inspector general pointed out
that South Vietnamese officials already had
available a $5 million credit from West Ger-
many, an exporter of the desired goods, but
had not drawn on that credit.
Fourth, the inspector general pointed out
that the United States owned about $250
million worth of Yugoslavian currency, as
a result of Food-for-Peace sales to that na-
tion, and that this might be used to pur-
chase the malt and hops, since Yugoslavia
is an exporter of the commodities.
Official sources here said Tuesday that the
inspector general sought to persuade aid of-
ficials in Washington to explore these alter-
nate methods of financing, but that the aid
officials refused and continued to press for a
waiver that would permit use of U.S. dollars
under CIP.
But the inspector general again refused
the waiver, and this time provided the re-
quired written notice to the secretary of
state which made the refusal final.
The upshot, informed sources said, was
that .the Vietnamese financed the malt-hops
imports out of their own foreign exchange
resources rather than using U.S. aid funds
to pay for them.
According. to official sources here, the
case-despite the action of the inspector
general in preventing a $4 million U.S. out-
lay to pay for beer production-points up
several problems.
INDIANA'S SECOND NATIONAL ME-
MORIAL-GEORGE ROGERS CLARK
AT VINCENNES
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, I would
like to call attention to my bill, S. 2886,
the George Rogers Clark Memorial bill,
upon which the Senate Interior Commit-
tee has concluded hearings. June 7 the
House unanimously passed H.R. 9599, the
companion bill introduced by my own
Congressman WINFIELD K. DENTON, Dem-
ocrat, Eighth District, Indiana.
I ask unanimous consent to include my
testimony on S. 2886 in the RECORD.
. There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed in the
RECORD, as follows:
STATEMENT OF SENATOR VANCE HARTKE ON
S. 2886, GEORGE ROGERS CLARK MEMORIAL,
SENATE INTERIOR COMMITTEE, JUNE 8, 1966
Mr. Chairman, I am very pleased to ap-
pear before your Committee. I want to ex-
press my appreciation for your willingness to
act so swiftly for the creation of Indiana's
second National Memorial.
We Hoosiers have great pride in our his-
torical heritage which Includes the names
of George Rogers Clark, William Henry Har-
rison and Abraham Lincoln, as well as many
others.
S. 2886 authorizes the Secretary of the
Interior to accept from the State of Indiana
the George Rogers Clark Memorial at the
historic site on the Wabash River, now the
city of Vincennes, and enter into cooperative
agreements with the owners of other histor-
ical buildings,
One of these properties is the two-room
frame building which served as the first
capitol of the Indiana Territory and as the
seat of the territorial court from 1800-1.813
where many decisions on land policy, Indian
'relations and military affairs were deter-
mined.
Another of the properties is the Francis
Xavier Catholic Church. The present build-
ing dates from 1824-1834 and is the same
tract of ground on which, in 1749 was erected
the first rough log cabin church to serve
the French and Spanish settlers when
Vincennes was the western outpost of our
country. At that time, this western outpost
was Fort Sackville, a British Fort until 1779
when Lt. Colonel George Rogers Clarke cap-
tured and renamed it Fort Patrick Henry.
Grouseland, the home of William Henry
Harrison, Is the third property which we
had hoped to include. It is owned by the
Daughters ofthe American Revolution, who,
I am- informed, do not wish it to be part of
the National Memorial. However, they have
assured the House Committee by telegram
that the building will remain open to the
public and that the D.A.R. will continue to
maintain it. I would like for their telegram
to become part of this record.
I urge that the Committee favorably con-
sider S. 2886 so that the area of Vincennes,
which is so beautifully depicted by Maurice
Thompson's novel, Alice of Old Vincennes,
can be elevated as it should be, to national
recognition. I appreciate the overwhelming
passage by the House of Representatives of
the George Rogers Clark Memorial bill, and
congratulate my own Congressman, WINFIELD
K. DENTON, for his fine work in guiding the
measure through the House.
I would like to say a few more words about
Vincennes, in Knox County, Indiana.
The George Rogers Clark Memorial is a
domed structure supported by 17 Doric col-
umns. It contains a bronze statute of Clark
and murals depicting his career and the his-
tory of the old Northwest Territory. This
Memorial was first dedicated by President
Franklin Delano Roosevelt in 1936.
It was at Vincennes that the Lincoln fam-
ily, with young Abe, crossed over the Wa-
bash River Into Illinois. Vincennes is the
point at which the proposed Lincoln Trail
National Parkway crosses into Illinois toward
Springfield. This proposed National Park-
way originates at the Lincoln birthplace in
Hodgenville, Kentucky, and passes through
the Lincoln Boyhood National Memorial in
Spencer County, Indiana. I mention the
Lincoln Trail National Parkway for I am cer-
tain the Interior Department, as well as
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~-~ v ~,~p.N vv iTrl l ULNA? and Russia have learned after 20 years of cold
Having gone through a 20-year cold war war that their conflicts must be reconciled- this preaches are at a d one of America's elder
column cnnsulted one of America's elder premium. Accordingly,
and arms race with the Soviet Union at great that in the nuclear age neither can under- tatesmen., fins,
cost and danger, must the United States now take an ideological war against the other. It was he who fath
ncier ered world War II sedefini-
face an equally irrational cold war and arms Only the Viet Nam issue stands in the way of tive plan of Industrial mobilization; who col-
race with Communist China? Secretaries a steady improvement in relations that laborated with the late great James Forestal
Rusk and McNamara sounded as if they Russia, in effect, end the cold war with in modernizing our defense apparatus; and
thought so when, in Paris recently, they un- who chaired the Hoover commission task
dertook to scare the NATO powers with vi- Can we not apply these lessons of the past force on national security.
sions of a (some day) nuclear-armed China to our future with China? Must we go Eberstadt began by reading from this early
embarked on a course of world conquest. through another period of ideological con- cold war report: "Victory by bankruptcy may
The fright treatment will not work, we flict in which vast portions of our national be the Machiavellian aim of the Kremlin.
think, in Europe. The important question energies are devoted to military power at the Whether or not any such deliberate cam-
is whether it will work in the United States. expense of our social and cultural develop- paign can be attributed to Moscow, it is ab-
Sober reflection on the history of the cold ment?
war to date ought to convince Americans We must now possess, many times over, the in the solutely
imm mediate that ate future the United sudden States rl faces -
that it would be greatly to our advantage if military power necessary to defend ourselves tion t a continuation recur-
'We avoided making with China the same mis- and to deter overt aggression anywhere. It rof ses. If but a o, the c of
we made with Russia. would be a national tragedy If, nevertheless, of tomorrow rent mites. If this be so, the fiscal dangers
dangers
There is little doubt that the cold war had omorrow are clearly visible."
we embarked on a new nuclear arms race and JANEWAY. Has the crisis in Viet Nam sn-
its origins in the long effort of the United a series of peripheral wars designed to "con- volved us In an exercise in fiscal brinkman-
States and other powers, beginning in 1918- tain" Chinese Communism by military encir- ship?
19, to throttle or isolate Soviet Russia. clement. Ideas cannot be so contained. EBERSTADT. Definitel
At the end of World War I the United Revolutions cannot be permanently sup- to get ahead of us. Whend its use money
you States, Britain, France and Poland sent pressed with guns. Not all revolutions are for productive purposes, you don't get in.-
troops into Russia on a mission that could against our national interest. We cannot flation. You get inflation when you use
only be interpreted, inside Russia, as an at- Impose our will everywhere, and we defeat money unproductively-as in war. Then
,tempt to overthrow the Communist revolu- our purposes by trying. The way to meet everybody's costs go up and real earnings and
tion. When armed Intervention failed, the Communist boasts of coming world revolu- savings go down.
United States for 16 years refused to recog- tiois not to believe them, but to help free JANEWAY. Can emergency taxes and con-
nize Red Russia, treating the new regime as peoples create the conditions that make trols hold the line?
an outcast from the world community and Communist impossible.
declining to enter into meaningful diplo- Just as we have learned at great cost and CAN TAXES HELP?
matic or economic relations with It. (Inter- hazard to live at peace with Russia, we shall EBERSTADT. Not for long. But when once
esting note: For just 16 years now we have some day have to make up our minds to ac- a society puts a stop to unproductive ex-
been, declining to recognize Communist cept Red China's existence, to respect her le- penditures, the inflationary fever cures itself.
China, treating that government as an out- gitimate Interests, to meet her challenge by JANEWAY. Will the fiscal score be toted up
cast from the world community and declin- other means than military containment. It by the way we play the game in Viet Nam?
ing to enter into meaningful diplomatic or would be the part of wisdom to make this EBERSTADT. I'm just a stuffed shirt Wall
economic relations with it.) decision before, rather than after, another street Republican, and L. B. J. is a master
The Russians, of course, never forgot the 20 years of cold war and arms race. Mankind politician from Main street. But I hate to
Western World's hostility to their revolu- may not get a second chance to avoi nuclear see him try to climb up the side of a fog
tion. They were further embittered when suicide. bank. That's what we've been doing out
the West at Munich sacrificed Czechoslo- DECEMBER 19, 1965. there-and with no social structure to grasp
vakia to Hitler, in the hope of directing Nazi onto. The way things are now, if we should
aggression against Russia to save itself
Hit-
i
.
w
n, we lose as white imperialists; while if
ler wound up fighting both the West and FISCAL BRINKSMANSHIP we are beaten, we are just plain punks.
Russia, and their wartime alliance gave birth VIETNAM JANEWAY. How do we work our way out of
to hopes of a new era of cooperation. this bind?
It was not to be. Almost overnight, Presi- Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, s the . EBERSTADT. To make the other fellow sit
dent Truman reversed the Roosevelt policy war in Vietnam grows in Scope and com- down and talk, you must show him that he
and set out to "contain" Communism by in- plexity, and as more and more of our has something to lose if he doesn't. Now,
terposing American Influence and military national treasure Is spent every day to the enemy has nothing to lose. We have
p
the
ower in Eastern Europe, the Balkans and maintain our position in that troubled committed ourselves not to threaten the big now with the Middle Eon wash that, Russia was bins, country, we find ourselves calling upcn negotiate ? Our policy is exhausting our own
the
on world conquest. What Russia was bent elder statesmen of our Nation for resources. The other side has made pretty
on, it has become clear, was protecting her their views on the U.S. involvement in good progress with its plan or we wouldn't
borders while she rapidly developed her own Vietnam. be talking about inflation today.
society. In general, Russia succeeded. And None of these is more able or proven WHAT'S OUR STICK?
it Is now also clear that the strongest bar- than Ferdinand Eberstadt. A man who JANEWAY. Before you can get a mule to do
rier to Russian national expansion is the served his country well during the dark what you say, you must first catch his at-
national identity of neighboring states days of World War II and the postwar tention with a stick. What's our stick?
which, even under Communist governments, period, Mr. Eberstadt was recently asked EBERSTADT. resist absorption and seek James M. Gavin' We have two. The fies is Gen.
peaceful rela- his Opinion Of the American Position in James M. s enclave idea. Wed dig in to
tiDns with both East and West.
One frequently hears that the United Vietnam by the New York economist and our readily defensible positions on the main-
States is doing in Viet Nam what it did in columnist, Eliot Janeway. land: let the present political fuss settle
Greece under the Truman Doctrine-build- Mr. Eberstadt's comments are frank down; and sit in what the late Secretary
ing a barrier of armed power against a Com- and to the point, and offer two alter- John Foster rDulles
engt Enclaves
situation of used to speak of as "a would munist tide rolling on toward world con- native courses of action the United States us from the charge of being white imperialfree
-
quest; and it Is assumed that our stand in can takg in Vietnam. I think his views ists. We could use waiting time, as Senator
Greece triumphed. The truth is we might are well worth the consideration of the RICHARD RUSSELL (D., Ga.) says, to make an
be engaged there yet had not Tito closed the Senate. Therefore, I ask unanimous agonizing reappraisal of the difference be-
Communist supply route after falling out
with Stalin. In other words, what saved consent that Mr. Janeway's interview of tween "face" and our own national interest.
Greece was not primarily our military and Ferdinand Eberstadt may be printed in The basic objective of our national interest is
economic power but the indigenous nation- the RECORD. the security of our people-not a world-wide
allsm of Communist Yugoslavia. There being no objection, the article lieverae for democracy in behalf of nonbe-
The one great lesson of the cold war with was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, JANEWAY. YOU suggested another stick.
Russia Is that, national interests, and not as follows:
Communist ideology, are controlling on both EBERSTADT. It's riskier t the enclave
Sides. The ;Russians, like the Chinese, have [From the Chicago (Ill.) Tribune, Apr. 21, idea, but less risky than what what we're doing
talked a.lot about their revolution some day 19661 now and it's waiting for us in Formosa.
embracing the world, but at the critical POINT OF VIEW-JANEWAY EXAMINES Two Chiang Kai-shek is certainly no worse than
points they have invariably acted in behalf STICKS To TRY IN VIETNAM those fellows we have on our hands in Viet
of Russian interests rather than of Marxist (By Eliot Janeway) Nam. Ever since he lost China, we have been
fight-
dogma. NEW YORK, April 21.-Clearly, American giving eq ipment.beWe have offered to arm oth-
National interests can be accommodated, opinion can't remake the map of Asia in its er allies who shun us. We have already
when the will to reconcile them exists on own Image. Recent Washington dogma armed this satelite, Members of Congress
both sides. By and large, the United States about Asia is at a discount. Pragmatic ap- of both parties and all points of view
June 9,' 1966
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June 9, 1966 COQNGX%X1
There being no objection, the editorials which knows that it has no right and no based upon the concept of a militarily neu-
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, power to decide for the people of Cuba, Viet tral Southeast Asia allied to neither the
Nam or central Africa what form of revolu- Communists nor the West. But at other
as follows: tion they should have. We can behave like a times he seems to be pursuing a quite differ-
[From the St. Louis (Mo.) Post-Dispatch, nation which is prepared to accept change, ent objective-the unilateral establishment
May 9, 19661 even in forms unpalatable to it, and is ready of a puppet state of South Viet Nam under
THE CONTAINMENT or IDEAS to work with peoples of any political faith American military protection if not outright
for a peaceful world of diversity. occupation.
(NOTE were The tby toe leading ory Boars on this It is often said that we must hang on in The nature of the long-term American
Page zerre crze t Columbia Board on the Viet Nam, even to the point of an escalated objective in Viet Nam thus is the key to
awwaardds Prizes, Pize for University, in war, because the effects of defeat there would peace or war. If It is to set up a neutral
aring the Pulitzer er Prize distinguished be so damaging elsewhere in Asia. and Africa. buffer zone in Southeast Asia-which in our
editorial writing in 1965 to Robert Lasch, Unfortunately it is true that if we got opinion would best serve the national in-
Dispatch of the Editorial Page of the Post- thrown out of Viet Nam, millions of people terest, improve our relations with the ex-
.) would be delighted. That is one reason why colonial world, comply with international
Coming events in South Viet Nam promise our Government would be wise to encourage agreements and offer the best barrier to
for many Americans a profound psychological a political settlement through negotiation Chinese national expansion-then a peace-
shock, which a foresighted Administration before we are thrown out--unless it is al- ful solution should be possible. If the ob-
would be preparing to offset. When the day read too late. Whatever happens in Saigon, jective is, instead, to maintain a military
comes for American forces to leave Viet Nam however, the American cause will not be dam- base on the mainland of Southeast Asia, to
after 10 years of vain effort to build an anti- aged thereby half so much as it is already set up a forward position intended to con-
Communist bastion there, not only will our being damaged by the growing conviction tain China not through the forces of in-
national pride be hurt, but some basic as- that our power and influence are dedicated digenous nationalism but by our own mill-
sumptions of our postwar foreign policy will to the suppression of social revolution and tary power, then we are not likely to gain
be called into question. As fresh thinking is political change wherever they occur. our ends by negotiation.
always more painful than mouthing shibbo- We shall improve our position with the The attempt to gain them by force, fur-
leths, this is going to cause a certain degree developing nations and the world at large not thermore, means a commitment to years of
of anguish. by proving that we can wage endless war in armed struggle, with the outcome in doubt
Unpleasant as it may be, the time for re- Viet Nam, but by showing, through actual even if a major war with China or Russia is
appraisal has come, and thoughtful Ameri- conduct, that the CIA is not enfranchised to avoided. It means acceptance of a neo-
eans should resolve to be realistic about it. swagger around the world setting up govern- colonial status that will damage the Ameri-
The first step is to cast off the. illusion of ments and knocking them down; that we do can cause everywhere in the underdeveloped
Omnipotence, under the spell of which many not undertake to dictate the form and pace world. It means continued violation of the
of us have for years assumed that our mis- of political change anywhere; that we are United Nations Charter, the continued sub-
slon in the world is to contain, roll back, prepared to accept revolutions even when we stitution of our own national will for the
destroy or otherwise combat Communism. do not approve of them; and that we have rule of law.
After World War II, the Soviet Union enough faith in the ideas of freedom to en- president Johnson owes it to the country
sought to expand Its national power wherever trust to them, rather than to arms, the task to ponder very deeply before sliding further
:possible. The United States, as the leader of of containing the ideas of Communism. into this morass. The assumption that
the free world, was thoroughly justified in un- JANUARY 17. 1965. nothing can be done except what has been
dertaking to contain that thrust, and it was ?- done is nonsense. Once the basic decision
contained. Only where the Red Army stood A QUESTION or AIMS rN VIET NAM were made that a policy of deepening mili-
on land taken from the Nazis-which is to it is now four months since President tary commitment does not serve our best
may, only in Eastern Europe-were the Rue- Johnson announced to the country a great interests then a dozen ways of advancing
scans able to impose their national will on buildup of ground troops in Viet Nam. the President's stated desire for a peaceful
other peoples; and the passage of time has Major engagements have been fought, vast solution would open up.
Indicated that even there, subjugation is tonnages of bombs dropped, thousands of To mention only one way, the United Na-
most likely temporary. National identities enemy casualties reported, yet, we are told tions could unquestionably play an active
have survived and are persistently asserting the Viet Cong and North Viet Namese are role in advancing a peaceful solution if the
themselves. There could be no better evi- more numerous than ever. Inevitably, pres- United States objective were one which other
dence that the Communists are not going to sure is mounting for even more American nations could support in compliance with
rule the world, and neither are we. Aspira- troops and even more bombs; the military their treaty obligations. The President has
tions for independence, self-respect and self- and its claque are straining at the leash to called on members of the: UN and the Sec-
government are too universal and too power- attack Hanoi itself. retary General to help arrange peace. but
ful to be' subdued by any ideology. Before yet one more fatal step is taken, a he has never done what the Charter plainly
In the meantime, however, American policy review of the national objectives would be obligates him to do-permit the whole issue
increasingly has tended to confuse the con- In order. In July the President defined the to come before the Security Council. It he
tainment of Russian (and later Chinese) na.- military objective as a limited one: "to con- is willing to talk peace "with any govern-
tional power with the containment of Com- vince the Communists that we cannot be ment any place," why not with the members
munism. We undertook to apply the meth- defeated by force of arms." How long does of the Security Council at UN headquarters?
ods appropriate to a national power struggle-- it take to establish that postulate? We The Charter says: "All members shall re-
the methods' of diplomatic maneuver, armed would say that if it has not been established frain in their international relations from
confrontation and in some cases war itself- by now then another stage of escalation will the threat or use'of force." It says "The Se-
in a realm where they are totally ineffective. not do it. The Viet Cong's monsoon offensive curity Council shall determine the existence
Communism as an idea cannot be contained has been stopped and some limited gains re- of any threat to the peace, breach of the
by such methods, but only by a better idea. ported from Saigon. A further expansion of peace, or act of aggression, and shall make
It is not the American function to combat the war can be jilstifled only by abandoning recommendations or shall decide what meas-
revolution everywhere-to stand as the uni- the stated objective and adopting another. ures shall be taken ... to maintain or re-
versal, all.-embracing guardian of the status If that is going to be done, the President has store international peace and security." It
quo. This is an odd role, by the way, to be a solemn duty to tell the people why. says "No enforcement action shall be taken
thrust upon' a nation that was itself born of In July the President declared our second under regional arrangements or by regional
revolution less than two centures ago. More objective to be a peaceful solution of the agencies without the authorization of the
important, it is a role that lies beyond the conflict; we stood ready, he said, "to begin Security Council."
capabilities of any nation. Change is the law unconditional discussions with any govern- When Britain and France undertook armed
of life. Social change will sometimes take ment at any place at any time." But as our intervention in the Arab-Israeli conflict, the
revolutionary forms in some countries, no military position has strengthened, the out- United States insisted that they give way to
matter what the United States or any other lines of the settlement we would be willing the UN. President Eisenhower stated: "The
nation thinks about it. A wise foreign policy to accept have hardened to the point where United Nations is alone charged with the
begins with recognition of this fact. there is little visible incentive for the ad- responsibility of securing the peace: " When
American foreign policy is in deep trouble versary to negotiate. Washington policy India and Pakistan went to war over Kash-
because Africa, in Asia, in Latin America precisely makers now insist that a settlement must midi President Johnson insisted upon inter-
because we have let ourselves be pushed into bar any political status or territorial base for vention by the UN. How can there be one
a counter-revolutionary posture. Wherever the National Liberation Front, which means rule for other nations, and a different one
oppressed masses struggle toward a better simply that the Viet Cong must accept total for the United States?
life millions of persons look upon the United defeat and melt away. Viet Nam. If
States as their natural enemy, which means Under these conditions it is surely no The question aims with in he Nam.
that they inevitably look elsewhere for mystery that the Communists show little our ter and aims the were a 1954 in is in hourarmo admanny with the UN could
friends, present disposition to "come to- the table."
Ours is not a revolutionary society, and President Johnson in July spoke vaguely act, and its first act undoubtedly would be
we should not try to behave as if it were. of a settlement carrying out the purposes of to call for a cease-fire.
But we can behave like a mature nation the 1954 Geneva agreements, which were NOVEMBER 26, 1965.
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'
have been voting billions for Formosa:
Let's find out if this is a satellite we
can't use, or who won't play. It is easier
to cut Formosa out of the budget than
money for the youngsters' hot school
lunches or for hospitals. If there is any
disaffection on the mainland, one way to
find out might be to bring a study group from
the Formosa war staff over to Saigon to
",study the situation." That's all the blue-
print they will need in Hanoi, Peking, and
Moscow to show them we mean business
about making the most of what we have to
fight with.
native people had followed the progress
of the Peace Corps closely and when a
similar organization was proposed to
serve with the country, they were among
the first to endorse it.
From time to time I have received let-
ters from volunteers in various Alaska
villages. I have been impressed with all
of them for each demonstrated a concern
for and an understanding of the needs
and aspirations of the native people.
Miss Judy Anderson and Miss Chattye
Cornelius were assigned to the village
of Kwigillingok, located on the barren
THE LESSON OF THE MEREDITH tundra of the delta formed between the
Their
R
Mr. NELSON. Mr. President, the Mis-
sissippi shooting of James Meredith
showed the need for stronger Federal
legislation to protect people exercising
their constitutional rights.
I have been advocating such legisla-
tion since April 1, 1964 when I intro-
duced a bill to make it a Federal offense
to murder a person. exercising his civil
rights.
Since then a number of similar bills
have been introduced. I am a cospon-
sor of a bill by Senator DOUGLAS which
would broaden Federal offenses in the
area of civil rights. Under this bill, for
.instance, the killer of a civil rights work-
er could be charged in Federal court
with the crime of murder, rather than
merely with depriving someone of his
constitutional rights.
I am also cosponsoring the adminis-
tration's omnibus civil rights bill, one
,section of which would make racial vio-
lence an explicit Federal crime.
All the rights granted Americans by
the U.S. Constitution, and all the Su-
preme Court decisions carefully defin-
ing and protecting these rights, can be
nullified by would-be assassins such as
the one who gunned down James Mere-
dith. This kind of terror nullifies the
rights of every American citizen.
The U.S. Congress cannot allow this
to continue.
The fundamental American rights
granted by the Constitution must be
backed up by Federal law. There have
been a great number of tragedies over
the years to demonstrate the need for
Federal legislation protecting those who
merely seek to exercise their American
rights. The Meredith case is the latest
example. I hope it shocks the Amer-
ican public and the Congress sufficiently
to enable us to pass this long overdue
legislation.
VISTA VOLUNTEERS
Mr. BARTLETT. Mr. President, I
should like to share with my colleagues a
letter a member of my staff received from
two VISTA volunteers serving in the
small, remote Eskimo village of Kwigil-
lingok, Alaska.
VISTA volunteers in Alaska are called
upon to perform their duties under cir-
cumstances few of them could have vis-
ualized before their service began. They
are performing them well. Indeed, their
fame preceded them for before the pro-
gram was enacted, the native people of
Alaska had requested volunteers. Alaska
? No. 95--7
ivers.
Kuskokwim and Yukon
description of what life offers them in the
village should be encouraging to all of us
for it demonstrates that VISTA has
chosen its volunteers wisely and that we
were right in enacting the program.
I ask unanimous consent that the let-
ter be printed at this point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the letter
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
MAY 15, 1966.
DEAR Miss NORDALE: Well, here it is Sunday
night in Kwigillingok. We're sitting here In
our "living room" writing by candlelight, eat-
ing Swedish coffee bread sent from home and
drinking coffee. This weekend's been a good
one, we've gotten a lot accomplished and it's
just now that we've gotten a chance to sit
down and write a few letters.
We thank you very much for having re-
plied to our letter as quickly as you did. You
can be assured that we are encouraging our
people to continue their planning on the
proposed move. The people know that Sen-
ator BARTLETT will do his best for them and
your letter fortified their convictions.
As for life in the village spring has cer-
tainly brought Kwig out of its winter's hiber-
nation. We can see every day the men com-
ing back from the ocean with their sleds
loaded with seal and walrus. The women
then are busy preparing the seal, stretching
and drying the skin which is to be sold or
sewn and then blown up to be used as con-
tainers for seal oil (which are eventually put
in the ground to be stored for winter's use).
Aside from our normal work in the village
we have our interesting side-lines too: one
of our neighbors is going to show us, on
Tuesday afternoon, how to use the "ooloo" to
skin seal-if, in return, we'll show her how to
make the cheese souffle she saw us making
the other day!! (You should have seen her
face when it came out of the oven-you
should have seen ours too-didn't think it
would turn out too well as it was our first!)
As for our work day in the village our
schedule has been lengthened as the daylight
now lasts until 10 p.m., soon to last even
longer. Our nursery school, 9-11, five morn-
ings a week is doing fine, now Including
three-year-olds as well as the four- and five-
year-olds. Eskimo children are certainly not
much different from children in the "Lower
48"-there are devils and angels everywhere!
In the afternoon our house is flooded with
little kids, some days there being game
hours and others being reading time or story
hour.
Our Brownies and Jr. Scouts are doing
fine and are now all excited about their past
rummage sale (held last Saturday). We gave
them a few hints about pricing but they did
the majority of the work-and were very
proud to report that they had earned $104.761
(We feel like proud mother hens!) (And
we were very pleased to find a native girl
who has now taken over leadership of the
Jr. Scouts.) The girls are now getting ex-
cited about the forthcoming July Fourth
12153
celebration. Kwigs first parade and Memor-
ial Service to the men in Vietnam.
So, this summer certainly holds a lot in
store for us including egg hunting, berry
picking and our town council president Is
even loaning us his kayak so we can practice
paddling on the lake!
Don't know whether we told you or not
but we had a red fox as a pet til it got
away-but now have another pet-this time
caught by a villager at the ocean: a pet
baby seal! Thought we'd be able to cuddle
it but it snaps like a dog and won't let us
within five feet of it! So, we now have a
"guest" on our porch!
Well, Miss Nordale, we're running out of
space and the candles are flickering so as we
have a busy day tomorrow (nursery school,
Brownies tutoring) we had better sign off
now. Our regards to Senator BARTLETT.
Love,
JUDY and CHATTYE.
CONCLUSION OF MORNING
BUSINESS
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
further. morning business? If not, morn-
ing business is closed.
TO PERMIT THE PLANTING OF AL-
TERNATE CROPS-CONFERENCE
REPORT
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I move
that the Senate proceed to the consider-
ation of the conference report on H.R.
15151. ,
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The
clerk will report the conference report
for the information of the Senate.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. Report of the
committee of conference on the disagree-
ing votes of the two Houses on the
amending of the Senate to the bill (H,R.
15151) to permit the planting of alter-
nate crops and acreage which is un-
planted because of a natural disaster.
Mr. MANSFIELD. - Mr. President, I
ask for the yeas and nays.
The yeas and nays were ordered.
TEMPORARY SUSPENSION OF DUTY
ON CERTAIN FORMS OF COPPER
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I ask
unanimous consent that the Senate pro-
ceed to the consideration of Calendar
No. 1186, House bill 12676. I understand
that this bill has been cleared by the
leadership on both sides of the aisle.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. The bill
will be stated by title for the information
of the Senate.
The LEGISLATIVE CLERK. A bill (H.R.
12676) to amend the tariff schedules of
the United States to provide that certain
forms of copper be admitted free of duty.
The PRESIDING OFFICER. Is there
objection to the present consideration of
the bill?
There being no objection, the bill was
considered, ordered to a third reading,
read the third time, and passed.
Mr. PASTORE. Mr, President, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in
the RECORD an excerpt from the report
(No. 1220), explaining the purposes of
the bill.
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There being no objection, the excerpt on copper futures from 10 percent to about TO PERMIT THE PLANTING OPAL-
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, 70 percent in an effort to curb speculation; TERNATE CROPS-CONFERENCE
as follows' (4) authorized an aditional 200,000 tons of
PURPOSE copper to be released from the national REPORT
H.R. 12676 suspends temporarily, for the stockpile during 1966; (5) is attempting to The Senate resumed the consideration
expand domestic output through subsidy of the report of the committee of con-
period February 9, 1966, to June 30, 1968, the payments; and (6) has entered into agree-
duties applicable to unwrought copper (ex- ments with the governments of copper-pro- ference the disagreeing votes of the
cept nickel silver), copper waste, and scrap, ducing nations to hold a United Nations con- two Houses on the amending of the Sen-
and copper articles imported to be used in ference In an effort to stabilize production ate to the bill (H.R. 15151) to permit the
remanufacture by melting. The bill would and prices. These actions are part of a four- planting of alternate crops On acreage
also suspend for the same period the duties step program announced November 17, 1965, which is unplanted because of a natural
applicable to the copper content of certain to maximize the supply of copper in the disaster.
pper-bearing ores and materials. The du- United States to provide for stabilization of Mr. SYMINGTON. Mr. President,
ties that would be suspended by the bill the domestic market, and to maintain a frequently during the extended consid-
would In each case amount to 1.7 cents per noninflatonary price level for copper. The eration given on the floor of the Senate
pound of pure copper which may be com- copper program, as well as an arrangement
mercially obtained from the Imported arti- with Chile to insure that the quantity of to H.R. 15151, a bill primarily designed
cle, except that in the case of nickel silver copper it previously exported to this coun- to give emergency assistance to cotton
waste and scrap the rate is 1.7 cents per try will continue to be available to U.S. con- producers who have been suffering from
pound of the commercially recoverable cop.- sumers at the lower U.S. price, Is described in natural disaster this spring, there has
per content plus 10 percent ad valorem. a letter adressed to the chairman of the been complaint that this bill has not re-
GENERAL STATEMENT Committee on Ways Means by the Under ceived adequate consideration. Actual-
Copper is a metal that is of vital impor?- Secretary of State. This letter appears in the ly, it has received a great deal of consid-
tance to the Nation's defense and nonde- appendix of this report. eration since its introduction and that of
fense needs. It is used in the electrical in.. H,R. 12676 would lower the cost of im-
dustry in the manufacture of generators, ported copper to U.S. consumers by the other similar measures both in the House
motors, locomotives, telephone and telegraph amount of the U.S. import duty and to that and the Senate some 3 weeks ago.
equipment, light and power transmission extent would help prevent a rise in the U.S. Because of the almost unprecedented
lines, and numerous other items. It is con- price of copper during the present shortage. heavy rainfall in the cotton counties of
sumed by the copper-base alloy industry in However, so long as the world price for cop- Missouri and other cotton producing
the manufacture of products used in build- per is .far higher than the U.S. price (as it areas of the Mississippi Valley-Ar-
lugflc1nuconand pin the rincipally manufacture plumbing and is today), a little foreign g copper 1.7-cent duty will kansas, Tennessee, Kentucky, Mississippi,
g materials, pper to the U.S. mar- Louisiana and Texas-on May 19 I joined
automobiles and trucks, in shipbuilding, in ket. On the other hand if the price differ-
the production of ammunition, and for a ential narrows the duty suspension provided with a number of other Senators in co-
wide variety of other purposes. by this bill could make a significant contri- sponsoring S. 3382 to permit planting of
In 1965 the United States consumed about bution to our efforts to assure adequate soybeans in lieu of cotton on cotton acre-
2 million tons of refined copper, about 90 copper supplies at reasonable prices. age not planted because of this- natural
percent of which was domestically produced. As stated above, H.R. 12676 provides for a disaster, without loss of cotton equaliza-
The balance of approximately 200,000 tons temporary suspension of duty on copper raw tion payments or diversion payments for
was imported. Chile supplied about 100,000 materials and copper scrap, for the period participating farmers.
tons of such Imports, while approximately February 9, 1966, to June 30, 1968, both dates On the preceding day, May 18, several
40,000 tons came from Canada and 60,000 inclusive. Your committee notes that simi-
tons from Peru. Despite substantial incre- lar legislation has been favorably reported similar bills, including H.R. 15151, had
ments in recent years in the domestic pro- by your committee and enacted by the Con- been introduced in the House by Mem-
duction of copper, such output has not been gress for periods in the past when the avail- bers of that body from these affected
sufficient to satisfy increased domestic con- able supply of copper was insufficient to meet areas.
sumption requirements, demand and pressure on prices existed. The There was some discussion yesterday
In midautumn of last year, it became in- periods covered by such prior enactments are that this bill had not gone to the House
Creasingly apparent that world demand for as follows: April 30, 1947, to the close of committee. That was not correct. Ac-
copper exceeded world supply. The short March 31, 1949 (Public Law 80-42, approved tually the bill was considered 111 two
supply has been reflected in pressure on cop- April 29, 1947) ; April 1, 1949, to the close of
per prices both at home and abroad. The U.S. June 30, 1950 (Public Law 81-33, approved separate meetings.
producers' price for refined copper, which March 31, 1949); April 1, 1951, to the close On Friday morning, May 20, members
until March 1964 had remained constant at of June 30, 1958 (Public Law 82-38, approved of the House Agriculture Committee met
31 cents a pound for about 3 years, experi- May 22, 1951, as extended by Public Law 83- for a hearing on this bill and on Tuesday
enced three increases in the space of little 4, approved February 14, 1953; Public Law morning, May 24, that committee met
more than 1 year, going from 31 to 32 in 83-452, approved June 30, 1954; and Public again, acted on the bill introduced by
34 cents and then to 36 cents per pound in Law 84-91, approved June 21, 1955) . - the Honorable PAUL C. JONES of Missouri.
May 1965. After consultations and confer- The suspensions of duty provided under
ences with representatives of the Federal H.R. 12676, as reported by your committee, At this meeting on May 24, the coln-
Government, domestic producers have en- would be inapplicable during any period in mittee agreed unanimously to amend the
deavored, on a voluntary basis, to maintain which the price of electrolytic copper in bill so that it would "permit the plant-
the 36-cent-per-pound producers price for standard shapes and sizes, delivered Conecti- Ing of alternate crops on acreage which
domestic copper in the T.S. market. These cut Valley, is below 24 cents per pound as is unplanted because of a natural disas-
producers have continued to maintain this determined pursuant to headnote 5, sub- ter" not only for cotton but also for feed
price level to the present time. part 2C, schedule 6, of the Tariff Schedules
The prices for copper outside the United of the United States. It would also be In- grains and wheat.
States, however, have ranged In recent applicable to copper from Communist coup- The House, recognizing the
months from a minimum of 42 cents per tries. accepted the amendment t and passed the
the
pound to a maximum of about 90 cents per Your committee has received favorable re- bill that same day, Tuesday, May 24,
pound. The spot price of copper on the ports on H.R. 12676 from the Departments and sent it to the Senate.
London Metal Exchange on May 3 was about of State, Treasury, and Commerce, as well as Also recognizing the emergency, the
70 cents per pound. On April 14, 1966, Chile an Informative report from the U.S. Tariff able and distinguished chairman of the
(which sets the price for its copper may be Commission. Your committee recommends Senate Agriculture Committee on Thurs-
sold) announced that the price for its copper expeditious enactment of this legislation. day, May 26, requested that the bill re-
would be increased, effective July 1, 1966, to
62 cents per pound from 42 cents. Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I sug- main at the desk so that it could be
The administration has taken several gest the absence of a quorum. taken up immediately. He had con-
steps to prevent similar sharp increases in The PRESIDING OFFICER. The sulted with the majority leader and the
the price of copper in this country and to clerk will call the roll. minority leader and those interested in
safeguard U.S. supplies of copper for U.S. The legislative clerk proceeded to call the bill and there was no objection what-
consumers. It (1) released about 200,000 the roll. ever to taking it up.
short tons from the national stockpile in Mr. MANSFIELD. Mr. President, I Subsequently, however, despite re-
November 1965; (2) tightened export con- ask unanimous consent that the order for
trols through its export licensing authority quests from a number of Senators inter-
on November 24, 1965, December 14, 1965, and the quorum call be rescinded. , ested in immediate consideration, the
January 20, 1966; (3) requested the Commod- The PRESIDING OFFICER. Without senior Senator from Delaware [Mr. WIa-
ity Exchange to Increase margin requirements objection, it is so ordered. -LIAMS] did voice objection and asked that
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 ,Approved For Ref J 4 LCft88RffB0qf8 0400080014-5
Steed
Tuck.
White, Idaho
Stephens
Tunney
White, Tex.
Stratton
Tuten
Whitener
Stubblefield
Udall
Whitten
Sullivan
Ullman
Widnall
Taylor
Vanik
Wilson, Bob
Teague, Tex.
Vivian
Wright
Tenzer
Walker, N. Mex. Wydler
Thomas
Watkins
Yates
Thompson, Tex.Watts
Young
Thomson, Wis.
Weltner
Younger
Todd
Whalley
Zablocki
NAYS-20
Buchanan
Edwards, Ala.
Quillen
Callaway
Haley
Reuss
Cameron
Ichord
Rhodes, Ariz.
Carter
Martin, Ala.
Van Deerlin
Corman
O'Neal, Ga.
Walker, Miss.
Davis, Ga.
Passman
Watson
Dickinson
Pool
Abbitt
Hagan, Ga.
O'Hara, Ill.
Ashmore
Hardy
Pelly
Baring
Harvey, Mich.
Powell
Bell
H?bert
Race
Blatnik
Herlong
Rees
Bolling
Holifleld
Rivers, Alaska
Bolton
Hosmer
Rivers, S.C.
Brown, Calif.
Keogh
Rooney, N.Y.
Clausen,
Kluczynski
Scott
Don H.
Landrum
Senner
Sikes
Colmer
Long, La.
Sisk
Curtis
McMillan'
Smith, N.Y.
Dawson
Macdonald
Sweeney
de la Garza
Matsunaga
Talcott
Dent
Miller
Thompson, N.J.
Denton
Mills -
Toll
Dyal
Minish
Trimble
Edwards, La.
Mize
Tupper
Ellsworth
Morris
Utt
Evins, Tenn.
Morrison
Waggonner
Fino
Mosher
Williams
Flood
Moss
Willis
Flynt
Multer
Wilson,
Fulton, Tenn.
Murphy, N.Y.
Charles H.
Gilligan
Murray
Wyatt
Gubser
Nix
So the bill was passed.
The Clerk announced the following
Mr. Keogh with Mr. Talcott.
Mr. Rooney of New York with Mr. Pelly.
Mr. Holifleld with Mr. Hosmer.
Mr. Dent with Mr. Fino.
Mr. Lennon with Mr. Ellsworth.
Mr. Minish with Mr. Hagan of Georgia.
Mr. Miller-with Mr. Utt,
Mr. Rivers of Alaska with Mr. Don H.
Clausen.
Mr. Multer with Mr. Del Clawson.
Mr. Evins of Tennessee with Mr. Gubser,
Mr. Matsunaga with Mr. Wyatt.
Mr. Gilligan with Mr. Mize.
Mr. Race with Mr. Harvey of Michigan.
Mr. Morris with Mrs. Bolton.
Mr. 13ebert with Mr. Mosher.
Mr. Morrison with Mr. Tupper.
Mr. Long of Louisiana with Mr. Mills.
Mr. Murphy of New York with Mr. Mc-
Millan.
Mr. Macdonald with Mr. Scott.
Mr. Sweeney with Mr. Oolmer.
Mr. Senner with Mr. Herlong.
Mr. Ashmore with Mr. Landrum.
Mr. Blatnik with Mr. Dawson.
Mr. Brown of California with Mr. Nix.
Mr. Denton with Mr. Willis.
Mr. O'Hara of Illinois with Mr. Waggonner.
Mr. Trimble with Mr. Williams.
Mr. Charles H. Wilson with Mr. Thompson
of New Jersey.
Mr. Toll with Mr. Flynt.
Mr. Dyal with Mr. Edwards of Louisiana.
Mr. Fulton of Tennessee with M. Baring.
Mr, Hardy with Mr. de la Garza.
Mr. Rivers of South Carolina with Mr.
Abbitt.
Mr. Moss with Mr. Powell,
Mr. Rees with Mr, Curtis.
Mr. Flood with Mr. bell.
Mr. Sikes with Mr.-Smith of New York,
M. Sisk with Mr. Kluczynski.
Mr. CARTER changed his vote from
"yea" to "nay." '
The result of the vote was announced
as above recorded.
A motion to reconsider was laid on the
table.
GENERAL LEAVE TO EXTEND
Mr. POAGE. Mr. Speaker, I ask
munities and the people of the United States
to observe such day with appropriate cere-
monies, and urging our people to offer public
and private expressions on such day to the
abiding love and gratitude which they bear
for their fathers.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to th3 request of the gentle-
man from New York?
There was no objection.
unanimous consent that all Members [Mr. RESNICK addressed the House.
may have 5 legislative days in which to His remarks will appear hereafter in the
extend their remarks on the bill just Appendix.]
passed.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr. AL-
BERT). Is there objection to the request
of the gentleman from Texas?
There was no objection.
FURTHER MESSAGE FROM THE
SENATE
A further message from the Senate by
Mr. Arrington, one of its clerks, an-
nounced that the Senate had passed
without amendment a bill of the House
of the following title:
H.R. 12676. An act to amend the, Tariff
that certain forms of copper be admitted fre
of duty.
The message also announced that the
Senate agrees to the report of the com-
mittee of conference on the disagreeing
votes of the two Houses on the amend-
ments of the Senate to the bill (H.R.
15151) entitled "An act to permit the
planting of alternate crops on acreage
which is unplanted because of a natural
disaster."
ADJOURNMENT OVER
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan-
imous consent that when the House ad-
journs today it adjourn to meet on Mon-
day next.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there
objection to the request of the gentleman
from Louisiana?
There was no objection.
CALENDAR WEDNESDAY BUSINESS
DISPENSED WITH
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that business in order
under the Calendar Wednesday rule on
Wednesday next may be dispensed with.
The SPEAKER pro tempore. is there
objection to the request of the gentleman
from Louisiana?
There was no objection.
FATHER'S DAY
Mr. RESNICK. Mr.. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent for the immediate
consideration of House Resolution 873.
The Clerk read the resolution, as fol-
lows:
H. RES. 873
Resolved, That the third Sunday in June
of each year Is hereby designated at "Father's
Day The President is authorized and re-
quested to issue annually a proclamation
calling on the appropriate Government of-
ficials to display the flag of the United States
on all Government buildings on such day, in-
viting the goverments of the States and com-
AMENDMENT OFFERED BY MR. RESNICK
Mr. RESNICK. Mr. Speaker, I offer an
amendment.
The Clerk read as follows:
Page 1, line 1, strike out "each year" and
insert "1966".
Page 1, line 3, strike the word "annually".
The amendment was agreed to.
The resolution was agreed to.
A motion to reconsider was laid on
the table.
(Mr. RESNICK asked and was given
IETNAM AND PRESS COVERAGE
(Mr. HULL asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks,
and to include an editorial.)
Mr. HULL. Mr. Speaker, under leave
to extend my remarks in the RECORD, I
include the following editorial which ap-
peared recently in the St. Joseph, Mo.,
News-Press :
VIETNAM AFFAIR AND PRESS COVERAGE
Every administration in Washington sooner
or later shoots at the press for its own short-
comings. It was true of Theodore Roosevelt
who invented an Ananias Club to which he
consigned reporters who printed the truth,
news not colored as T.R. wanted it. It was
true of Herbert Hoover who shied away from
all publicity after his gorgeous honeymoon
wrecked confidence in his administration
over the world depression. It was most
surely true of Franklin D. Roosevelt, perhaps
most of all. (Remember his satirical gesture
awarding an Iron Cross to a White House cor-
respondent who dared print the truth?).
And so it is with the Lyndon B. Johnson
administration. The President himself stays
in the background but very recently a White
House secretary spoke of "inexperienced re-
porters" and "headline type of coverage" as
to Viet Nam. 'Another aide spoke of "dis-
torted reports from Viet Nam."
Fortunately, we the press of America, have
a top newspaper man who knows news. He
happens to be Wes Gallagher, general man-
ager of the Associated Press. He is a man
who has come up through the ranks, having
been with that famed, and leading news-
gathering organization since 1937. Wes is
sick and tired of the sniping from the Palace
Guard of the President. He defies AP and
all news gathering detractors in words that
are worthy to be read by the general public.
"The fact is" says Wes Gallagher, "the press
always has been attacked in wartime because
its reports frequently clash with government
views and with the image government would
like to present. And reporters too must
bring unpleasant, confusing and discourag-
ing reports to the public which reacts, as all
people do, with irritation."
Mr. Gallagher correctly states that criti-
cism of the press by the government rises
in direct proportion to the amount of ad-
verse news printed which may not be in line
with government policy.
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 Tune 9, 1966 Approved Fo ORNC~RspSSISNA7L1 W6 f6R000400080014-5
C7
1289
Fuqua
Mailliard
Sahneebell
[Roll No. 135]'
Goodell
Marsh
Schweiker
Abbitt Hagan, Ga. O'Hara, Ill.
YEAS-333
Gross
Martin, Ala.
Secrest
Ashmore Hardy Pelly
Grover
Martin, Mass.
Belden
Powell
Mich
Barin
Harvey
Abernethy
Farnum McFall
Gurney
Martin, Nebr.
Shrives
.
,
g
Blatnik Hebert Purcell
Adair
Fascell McGrath
Haley
May
Sikes
Boning Herlong Race
Adams
Addabbo
Feighan McVicker
Findley MacGregor
Hall
Halleck
Michel
Minehall
Skubitz
with, Calif.
Bolton Holifleld Rees
Alaska
Calif Hosmer Rivers
Brown
Albert
Fisher Machen
Halpern
Moore
mith, N.Y.
,
,
S.C.
Keogh Rivers
Clausen
Anderson, Ill.
Fogarty Mackay
Hansen, Idaho
Morton
Smith, Va.
,
,
N.Y.
Landrum Rooney
Don H
Anderson,
Foley Mackie
Harsha
Natcher
Springer
,
.
Clawson, Del Lennon Scott
Tenn.
Andrews
Ford Gerald R. Madden A
Mahon
Ford
Harvey, Ind.
Horton
Nelsen
O'Konski
Stafford
Stanton
Colmer Long, La. Senner
Conyers McMillan Sweeney
,
Geor e W
,
William D Mailliard
h
M
t
i
Hutchinson
O'Neal, Ga.
Steed
Dawson Macdonald Talcott
Andrews,
ars
Foun
n
a
tin
Mass
M
Ichord
Passman
Stephens
de la Garza Matsunaga Thompson, N.J.
Glenn
ar
,
.
Fraser
Martin
Nebr
F
li
h
Jarman
Pirnie
Taylor
Dent Miller Toll
Andrews,
,
.
ng
re
uysen
Pa
J
hnson
Poff
Calif.
ue
Tea
i
bl
N_ Dak.
Friedel Mathias
.
,
o
Jonas
Keith
Pool
Pucinski
,
g
Teague, Tex.
Thomson, Wis.
m
Tr
e
Denton Mills
Dyal Minish Tupper
IA. Mize Utt
Edwards
Annunzio
Arends
Fulton, Pa. Matthews
Fuqua May
Meeds
G
ll
h
King, N.Y.
Quie
Tuck
,
Ellsworth Morris Waggonner
Ashbrook
a
ag
er
Kornegay
Quillen
Vigorito
Morrison Williams
Evins
Tenn
Ashley
Garmatz Michel
Kunkel
Redlin
Walker, Miss
,
.
Fino Mosher Willis
Aspinall
Gathings Mink
Kupfermar
,
Reid, Ill
Walker, N. Mex.
Flood Moss Wilson
Ayres
Gettys Minshall
Laird
Reifel
Watkins
,
nt Multer Charles H.
Fl
Bandstra
Giaimo Moeller
Langen
Latta
Reinecke
Rhodes, Ariz.
Watson
Whalley
y
Fulton, Tenn. Murphy, NY. Wyatt
Gilligan Murray
Barrett
Bates
Battin
Gibbons Monagan
Gilbert Moore
Gonzalez Moorhead
Lipscomb
McClor
Robison
Fla
Ro
ers
Whitener
Whitten
Gubser Nix
Beckworth
Goodell Morgan
y
McCulloch
.
,
g
Rogers, Tex.
Widnall
So the motion to
Belcher
Bennett
Grabowski Morse
Gray Morton
McDade
McEwen
Roudebush
Rumsfeld
Wilson, Bob
Wydler
jected.
Berry
Green, Oreg. Murphy, Ill.
MacGregor
Satterfield
Younger
The Clerk announced the following
Betts
Green, Pa. Natcher
Mahon
Saylor
Bingham
Greigg Nedzi
pairs :
Boggs
Grider Nelsen
Mr. Keogh with Mr. Talcott.
Boland
Griffiths O'Brien
Adams
Gonzalez
O'Brien
Mr. Rooney of New York with Mr. Pelly.
Bow
Gross O'Hara. Mich.
'
Addabbo
Grabowski
O'Hara, Mich.
Mr. HolifleId with Mr. Hossner.
Brademas
Konskl
Grover O
Mont.
Gurney Olsen
Albert
Anderson,
Gray
Green, Oreg.
Olsen, Mont.
Olson, Minn.
Mr. Dent with Mr. Fino.
Mr. Lennon with Mr. Ellsworth.
Brock
Brooks
,
Hagen, Calif. Olson, Minn.
Hall O'Neill, Mass.
Tenn.
Green, Pa.
O'Neill, Mass.
Mr. Minish with Mr. Hagan of Georgia.
Broomfield
Halleck Ottinger
Annunzio
Greigg
Ottinger
P
t
Mr. Miller with Mr. Utt.
Brown, Clar-
Halpern Patman
Ashley
Aspinall
Grider
Griffiths
man
a
Patten
Mr. Rivers of Alaska with Mr. Don H.
ence J., Jr.
Hamilton Patten
Bandstra
Calif.
Hagen
Pepper
Clausen.
Broyhill, N.C.
Hanley Pepper
Barrett
,
Hamilton
Perkins
Multer with Mr. Del Clawson.
Mr
Broyhill, Va.
Hanna Perkins
Beckworth
Hanley
Philbin
.
Gubser.
Evins of Tennessee with Mr
Mr
Burke
Hansen, Idaho Philbin
Bingham
Hanna
Pickle
.
.
Mr. Matsunaga with Mr. Wyatt.
Burleson
Burton
Calif
Hansen, Iowa Pickle
Pike
Hansen
Wash
Boggs
Hansen, Iowa
Pike
Mr. Gilligan with Mr. Mize.
,
.
Burton
Utah
,
.
Harsha Pirnie
Boland
Brademas
Hansen, Wash.
Hathaway
Poage
Price
Mr. Race with Mr. Harvey of Michigan. -
,
Byrne, Pa.
Harvey, Ind. Poage
Brooks
Hawkins
Randall
Mr. Morris with Mrs. Bolton.
Byrnes, Wis.
Hathaway Poff
Burke
Hays
Reid, N.Y.
Mr. Hebert with Mr. Mosher.
Cabell
Hawkins Price
Calif
Burton
Hechler
Resnick
Morrison with Mr. Tupper.
Mr
Cahill
Hays Pucinski
.
,
Byrne, Pa.
Helatoski
Reuss
.
Mr. Long of Louisiana with Mr. Mills.
Callan
Heohler Purcell
i
Cabell
Henderson
Rhodes, Pa.
McMil-
Murphy of New York with Mr
Mr
Carey
Qu
e
Helstoski
R
d
ll
Callan
Hicks
Roberts
.
.
Casey
an
a
Henderson
Cameron
Holland
Rodino
lan.
Cederberg
Hicks Redlin
Carey
Howard
Colo.
Rogers
Mr. Macdonald with Mr. Scott.
Celler
Holland Reid, Ill.
Casey
Hull
,
Ronan
Mr. Sweeney with Mr. Colmer.
Chamberlain
Horton Reid, N.Y.
Celler
Hungate
Roncalio
Mr. Senner with Mr. Herlong.
Chelf
Howard Reifel
Chelf
Huot
Rooney, Pa.
Ashmore with Mr. Landrum.
Mr
Clancy
Hull Reinecke
Clark
Irwin
Rosenthal
.
Dawson
Blatnik with Mr
Mr
Clark
Hungate Resnick
er
Cleven
Jacobs
Rostenkowski
.
.
.
Cleveland
Huot Rhodes, Pa.
g
Cohelan
Jennings
Roush
Mr. Brown of California with Mr. Nix.
Clevenger
Hutchinson Roberts
Conte
Roybal
Mr. Denton with Mr. Willis.
Cohelan
Irwin Robison
Cooley
Calif.
Johnson
Ryan
Mr. O'Hara of Illinois with Mr. Waggonner.
Collier
Jacobs Rodlno
tt
C
b
,
Okla
J
hnson
St Germain
Mr. Trimble with Mr. Williams.
Conable
Jarman Rogers, Colo.
or
e
Corman
,
.
o
Ala.
Jones
St. Onge
Mr. Charles H. Wilson with Mr. Thompson
Conte
Jennings Rogers, Fla.
Craley
,
Jones
Mo.
Scheuer
of New Jersey
Conyers
Rogers, Tex.
Joelson
Culver
,
Jones
N
C.
Schisler
.
Cooley
n
Johnso, Calif. Ronan
Daddario
.
,
Karsten
Schmidhauser
Mr. Toll with Mr. Flynt.
Corbett
Johnson, Okla. Roncalio
Daniels
Karth
Shipley
Mr. Dyal with Mr. Edwards of Louisiana.
Johnson, Pa. Rooney, Pa.
Delaney
Kastenmeier
Sickles
Mr. Fulton of Tennessee with Mr. Baring.
Cramer
Jonas Rosenthal
Diggs
Kee
Sisk
Mr. Hardy with Mr. de la Garza.
Culver
Jones, Ala. Rostenkowski
Dingell
Kelly
Slack
Rivers of South Carolina with Mr. Pur-
Mr
Cunningham
Jones, Mo. Roudebush
Donohue
Calif
King
Smith
Iowa
.
Curtin
Jones, N.C. Roush
Dow
.
,
King, Utah
,
Staggers
cell.
Daddario
Karsten Roybal
Dulski
Kirwan
Stalbaum
Mr. Moss with Mr. Powell.
Daffile
Karth Rumsfeld
Duncan, Oreg.
Kluczynski
Stratton
Mr. Rees with Mr. Conyers.
Daniels
Kastenmeier Ryan
ndson
Edm
Krebs
Stubblefield
Davis, Wis.
Kee Satterfield
o
Edwards, Calif.
Leggett
Sullivan
Mr. Flood with Mr. Murray.
Delaney
Keith St Germain
Evans, Colo.
Long, Md.
Tenzer
JOHNSON of California changed
Mr
Derwinski
Kelly St. Onge
Everett
Love
Thomas
.
"
"
"
"
Devine
King, Calif. Saylor
Fallon
McCarthy
Thompson, Tex.
to
nay.
his vote from
yea
Diggs
King, N.Y. Scheuer
Farbstein
McDowell
Todd
HALPERN
ROGERS of Texas
Messrs
Dingell
King, Utah Schisler
Farnsley
McFall
Tunney
,
,
.
Dole
Kirwan Schmidhauser
Farnum
McGrath
Tuten
and MACGREGOR changed their votes
Donohue
Kornegay Schneebeli
Fascell
McVicker
Udall
from "nay" to "yea."
Dorn
Krebs Schweiker
han
Fei
Machen
Ullman
Dow
Kunkel Secrest
g
Fogarty
Mackay
Van Deerlin
The result of the vote was
Dowdy
Kupferman Selden
Foley
Mackie
Vanik
as above recorded.
Downing
Dulski
Laird Shipley
Langen Shriver
Ford,
William D
Madden
Mathias
Vivian
Watts
The SPEAKER pro tempore. The
Duncan, Oreg.
Latta Sickles
.
Fraser
Matthews
Weltner
question is on the passage of the bill.
Duncan, Tenn. Leggett Skubitz
Frelin
hu
sen
Meeds
White
Idaho
Dwyer
Lipscomb Slack
g
y
Friedel
Mink
,
White
Tex.
Mr. GERALD R. FORD. Mr. Speaker,
Edmondson
Long, Md. Smith, Calif.
,
Wolff
on that I demand the yeas and nays.
Edwards, Calif. Love Smith, Iowa
Garmatz
Mona
an
Wri
ht
Erlenborn
McCarthy Smith, Va.
Gathings
g
Moorhead
g
Yates
The yeas and nays were ordered.
Evans, Colo.
McClory Springer
Gettys
Young
The question was taken; and there
Everett
McCulloch Stafford
Giatmo
Morse
Zablocki
Fallon
McDade -Staggers
Gibbons
Murphy, III
were-yeas 333, nays 20, not voting 79, as
Farbstein
McDowell Stalbaum
Gilbert
Nedzi
follows:
Farnsley
McEwen Stanton
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 Approved For~~ Q~~~7l1 P6 R000400080014-5
June" 9, 1966 CON AlO1~AL -
The inexperience charge is totally untrue.
Men covering the Viet Nam war are far more
experienced in fair, impartial reporting than
are government yes men who hop, skip and
jump at the brow-lifting or finger-twirling
of that man from Texas who succeeded John
F. Kennedy, as our President.
The present Associated Press staff in Viet
Nam ranges in age from 61 'to 25 with expe-
rience in reporting as follows: 35 years, 28
years, 23 years, 18 years, 14 years, 13 years,
11 years, 8 years and 7 years. Three have
covered World War II and the Korean "po-
lice action."
The News-Press and Gazette are proud of
the wholesome coverage the Associated Press
is giving our readers as to Viet Nam, Last
year your Associated Press spent three-quar-
ters of a million dollars on staff and com-
munications.
Let this be said and we defy successful
contradiction from anyone in Washington:
Newspaper reporting from Viet Nam has
been more-accurate than the official state-
ments, whether via the Pentagon, the field,
the State Department, or the White House
inner circle.
The Associated Press is covering a war, not
a political hullabaloo, even if some in Wash-
ington think otherwise. This war, and do
not fool yourself, this is war in Viet Nam,
has presented the most confusing and con-
troversial in all American history. There
are the world of impounderables, the huge
gaps between the South and the North Viet-
namese, between the hawks and the doves,
by those for and those against the war.
American correspondents in Viet Nam as a
whole, report all correctly, to the dismay at
times alternately of the hawks and of the
doves, and always of the pressure men called
White House press aides.
How lovely it would be to Washington if
the press reported only the good news from
Viet Nam. But that is not good newspa-
pering. That is deceit, unworthy of the
Fourth Estate. I
The function of the press is to present
the news, good or bad, fairly and without
slightest bias. Let critics cry. The people
want truth.
A PERMANENT U.N. PEACEKEEPING
FORCE
(Mr. SCHWEIKER asked and was
given permission to address the House for
1 minute and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. SCHWEIKER. Mr. Speaker, 49
of my colleagues and I are today intro-
ducing a resolution calling for the estab-
lishment of a permanent United Nations
peacekeeping force.
Particularly at this time of interna-
tional tension, it would seem to me that
the United States, as one of the leading
member nations of the U. U., ought to
continue its attempts to help strengthen
that important world body.
Earlier this year, efforts were made to
bring the Vietnam conflict before the Se-
curity Council for discussion. In my
view, these efforts were both necessary
and desirable and should continue at the
earliest possible date. For it is through
such efforts that the United Nations will
continue to perform its important role in
-world affairs.
By the same token, such actions as we
are calling for in this `resolution today
can add immeasurably to the United Na-
expressing the sense of Congress that the Mr. Speaker, joining with Mr. MOOR-
United Nations General Assembly should HEAD and me today are the following of
immediately consider making permanent our colleagues: Mr. ADAMS, Mr. ASHLEY,
arrangements for a U.N. observation and Mr. BARRETT, Mr. CAHILL, Mr. CLARK, Mr.
patrol force for use in situations threat- COHELAN, Mr. CONTE, Mr. DADDARIO, Mr.
ening international peace and security. DINGELL, Mr. Dow, Mr. ELLSWORTH, Mr.
It was envisioned that this force would FARBSTEIN, Mr. FRASER, Mr. FRIEDEL, Mrs.
be along the same lines as the one in use GREEN OF OREGON, Mr. GREEN of Penn-
in the Middle East that year, and that no sylvania, Mr. HALPERN, Mr. HARVEY of
member of the Security Council would Michigan, Mr. HATHAWAY, Mr. HECHLER,
contribute manpower to the force. Mr. HICKS, Mr. HORTON, Mr. JOHNSON of
Other similar proposals have been Pennsylvania, Mr. JOHNSON of Okla-
made subsequently,. but with the height- homa, Mr. KUPFERMAN, Mr. LEGGETT, Mr.
ening of international fears over the war LONG of Maryland, Mr. McDOWELL, Mr.
in Vietnam, I think that the Congress, MACKAY, Mr. MATHIAS, Mr. MORSE, Mr.
speaking for the Nation, ought at this MULTER, Mr. OLSEN of Montana, Mr.
time and in this manner to emphasize our OLSON of Minnesota, Mr. OTTINGER, Mr.
interest in peace and in strengthening the PEPPER, Mr. RACE, Mr. REID of New York,
organizations which might help to Mr. REUSS, Mr. RoDINO, Mr. ROSENTHAL,
achieve peace. Mr. RYAN, Mr. ST. ONGE, Mr. SCHMID-
I believe that we should let the world HAUSER, Mr. SMITH of New York, Mr.
know that our objective is to improve VIVIAN, Mr. WATKINS, and Mr. WOLFF.
and strengthen the United Nations so Mr. Speaker, I also wish to point out
that it can share the burdens of leader- that the resolutions introduced by
ship in crises of this type. Messrs. ELLSWORTH, HORTON, MATHIAS,
It is important also to point out to the MORSE, and REID of New York call, in
world that the American eagle holds an addition to the plan for the peacekeep
olive branch as well as a sheaf of arrows ing force itself, for "an unqualified offer
and that we want to do everything pos- of 1,000 technical and noncombatant
sible to strengthen the peacekeeping op- personnel from the American Military
erations of the United Nations. And Establishment to serve as a permanent
while this may be a distant goal, we unit subject to call by the United Na-
should make clear to all nations of the tions in the event of an international
world as well as our own citizens our in- emergency."
tention to pursue this objective. i was pleased this week to learn that
One proposal to accomplish this is the former President Eisenhower, while at-
creation of a permanent U.N. peacekeep- tending a tribute to the United Nations
ing force. It is particularly appropriate in Kansas City, called for the establish-
at this time for the Congress to consider ment of a U.N. peacekeeping force that
anew the value of such an expression of could "move in with power" to prevent
its views in this important area. war.
Mr. Speaker, the text of my resolution Mr. Speaker, I take this opportunity
follows: to express my. hope that the Congress,
H. CON. RES. 690 in these difficult days of, international
Concurrent resolution to provide for a per- tension, will again and soon express
manent United Nations peacekeeping their concern over this matter, and I call
force
Whereas upon other Members of this body to join
Congress has urged that the
United Nations should develop permanent us in this effort and to give their
organization and procedures to "enable the thoughtful consideration to other meth-
United Nations promptly to employ suitable ods by which the United Nations may be
United Nations forces for such purposes as further strengthened.
observation and patrol in situations that Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, will the
threaten international peace and security" gentleman yield?
(H. Con Res. 373, 85th Congress, 2d Session) ; Mr. SCHWEIKER. I yield to the
and
Whereas the need for such a force appears gentleman.
likely to continue; and Mr. CONTE. Mr. Speaker, I would
Whereas a United Nations force, estab- like to associate myself with the remarks
lished on a permanent basis, could be an of the gentleman from Pennsylvania. I
important instrument for the maintenance have filed a similar resolution and wish
of international peace and security: There- to compliment the gentleman for his
fore, be it
Resolved by the House of Representatives forwardlooking message here today.
(the Senate concurring), That the Congress It has long been clear to me that our
reaffirms its support for a permanent United cold war confrontations around the
Nations peacekeeping force and urges the world can only be solved successfully and
United States delegation to the United Na- satisfactorily through multilateral ac-
G
tio to ens ner al present
Assembly sea for plan the e the establishment n Twenty-first tirof of tion. The intervention of a single coun-
such a United Nations "World Peace Force" try against the aggressions and invasions
on a permanent basis and for rules to govern of the Communist world are not suffi-
the proper and effective use of such a peace- cient to bring an end to such aggressions,
keeping force and provisions to train, equip, short, of all-out war.
In view of our involvement in Viet- 'ported in all its goals and capacities.
nam, it is more important than ever that And, as a forum for collective action by
we continue our search for peace. That all the nations of the world, it can and
is why, in the past, I have supported leg- will reduce the commitment and obliga-
Nations-such providing funds for the United
Nations-such as the U.N. bond issue- tions of any one nation. Perhaps our
nnnsid-
m any sector oi the gloue. allu we
Almost 8 years ago, during the summer for the U.S. Arms Control and Disarma- erably less critical if the United Nations
of 1958, the Congress passed a resolution ment Agency. could have taken a stronger hand.
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 4 2292
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -HOUSE June 9, 1966
A PERMANENT U.N. PEACEKEEPING [Mr. CONTE addressed the House.
FORCE His remarks will appear hereafter in the
(Mr. HORTON asked and was given Appendix.1
permission to address the House -for 1
minute, to revise and extend his remarks, A PERMANENT PEACEKEEPING
and Include extraneous matter.) FORCE FOR THE UNITED NATIONS
Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, i am
honored to join with Mr. ROBERT F. ELLs- (Mr. COHELAN asked and was given
WORTH, of Kansas; Mr. CHARLES MCC. permission to address the House for 1
MATHIAS, of Maryland; Mr. E. BRAD- minute and to revise and extend his re-
FORD MORSE, of Massachusetts; and marks.)
Mr. OGDEN R. REID of New Xovk led by Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Speaker, I am
Mr. SCHWEIKER and Mr. MOORHEAD, in Introducing a resolution today, along
submitting a concurrent resolution to set with more than 40 of our colleagues, call-
up a permanent peacekeeping apparatus ing for a permanent United Nations
within the United Nations. In the reso- peacekeeping force.
lution which I submitted, I have incorpo- The resolution urges the U.S. delega-
rated an amendment which, in addition tion to the United Nations to present
to seeking the submission of a plan for a such a plan at the next session of the
peacekeeping force by our U.N. delega- General Assembly and to propose rules
tton, offers a concrete proposal for Amer- for the proper and effective use of such
scan participation in the U.N. peacekeep- a peacekeeping force.
Ing establishment. There can be little question that in its
The amendment to this resolution, 21 years the United Nations has played
which my colleagues, ROBERT F. ELLS- an important role as a peacemaker and
WORTH, CHARLES MCC. MATHIAS, F. BRAD- 'a peacekeeper. Its presence has limited
FORD MORSE, and OGDEN R. REip are co- conflicts in the Congo and the Middle
sponsoring with me, provides for the un- East, in Kashmir, and on Cyprus. Its
conditional offering by the United States presence has undoubtedly prevented con-
of 1,000 technical and noncoinbattant filets between other nations in many
military personnel to serve as a perma- areas of the world.
nent unit subject to call by the United But the U.N.'s peacekeeping force has
Nations in the event of an international been much like a volunteer fire depart-
emergency. ment. Its effectiveness has depended
By taking the lead in offering a con- largely on the availability and willingness
crete contribution of manpower to a per- of its members to participate. For an or-
manent peacekeeping U.N. force, we will ganization charged with the momentous
be surrounding the plan we propose in responsibility of maintaining interna-
the General Assembly with an atmos- tional peace and security, a more perma-
phere of sincerity and urgency it would nent and dependable arrangement is ur-
not possess without an offer of men and gently needed,
action. The fact of the matter is that the Gen-
As a peace-Ioving people, we are fre- eral Assembly has been unwilling to use
quently puzzled when citizens of other its powers to require every member to
lands question our motives and actions in share in financing the costs of past
the international arena. The goal of the peacekeeping operations.
American people is peace, and at a time We are further frustrated by the abil-
when world tensions are high and when ity of even a single member to prevent the
our motives are doubted, we must give United Nations from acting in its capac-
even higher priority to our peaceful am- ity to keep or to restore peace.
bitions, and their fruition throughout the This situation must not be allowed to
world. The priority that must be given continue. If peace Is an overriding ve-
to this goal has been recognized by the cessity of mankind-which I fervently
more than 40 Congressmen who have believe it is-then a more reasonable and
submitted this resolution today. realistic approach to peacekeeping is re-
We can demonstrate the urgency of quired.
our desire for. an effective peace by of- A standby U.N. force would go a long
fering a permanent and workable plan way toward meeting this objective. It
for a U.N. peacekeeping force when that would be a far more effective means of
body convenes in the fall. Insuring an international presence where
Those of us who have joined in this and when it isrequired.
amendment believe that any question or small It nations should have appeal
can
doubt that is raised about our motives spread, np alike, for al brushfires eep large and
in proposing such a plan will be fully world d, is and peace in an interdependent
and resolutely answered if the United indivisible.
States accompanies Its proposal with an It is practicable, furthermore, as is
unconditional offer of personnel to help made clear by the expressed willingness
of 10 nations to date to earmark forces
implement the permanency of the peace- for the United Nations.
keeping apparatus. Mr. Speaker, the financial structures
A year ago, the proposal to offer 1,000 of the United Nations also requires
American personnel for U.N. call was, urgent attention. It is not healthy for
conceived by those of us who support it a world organization to depend repeated-
today. At that time, we called the plan ly on one, or even a few of its members,
the First Brigade-Forces for Inter- for financial relief. I would hope that
national R li f St
e
d b
on an
I
y. action to make the U.N. financially self-
Let. the First Brigade stand as the sufficient would be acted on in concert
first step toward establishing a perma- with efforts to strengthen its peacekeep-
LANHAM "TEX" CONNOR, FORMER
DEAN OF OFFICIAL REPORTERS
TO HOUSE COMMITTEES
(Mr. GEORGE W. ANDREWS asked
and was given permission to address the
House for 1 minute, to revise and extend
his remarks, and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. GEORGE W. ANDREWS. Mr.
Speaker, I would like to take this oppor-
tunity to say a few words in behalf of
Lanham Connor, whom we affectionately
call "Tex." As many of you know, Tex
retired recently after many years of
faithful service as an Official Reporter
to House Committees. In fact, for the
past 8 years he has been dean of Official
Reporters to House Committees.
Tex hails from the State of Texas.
He is the nephew of the late Fritz Lan-
ham, who served in the U.S. House of
Representatives for many years. His
grandfather, S. W. T. Lanham, served
two terms as Governor of the State of
Texas and then was elected to the U.S.
House of Representatives where he served
25 years with distinction.
Tex came to Washington In 1939 as a
free lance reporter, and did not begin
working for the House of Representa-
tives until 1942, when the late Speaker
Sam Rayburn appointed him to the corps
of Official Reporters to House Commit-
tees. I understand he has "reported"
every Defense Subcommittee appropria-
tions bill for the past 24 years. That is
quite a record. As a member of that
subcommittee I am well aware of the
fine job he has done.
During the hearings before the Legis-
lative Subcommittee of the House Ap-
propriations Subcommittee tributes were
paid to Tex. I had left the committee
room to answer a rollcall and was not
present, but I am pleased to include the
remarks made by my colleagues:
TsIBUTFS To TEx CONNOR
Mr. SLACK. The record will show at this
point that Tex Connor, who I understand was
the dean of official committee reporters, has
just recently retired. He has been a very
loyal and faithful reporter to the committees,
and particularly to the Committee on Appro-
priations, and we certainly wish Tex and his
wife many happy years to come.
Mr. STEED. Mr. Chairman, I would like to
add my word of commendation to our old
friend, Tex Connor, and to join In wishing
him a very profitable and enjoyable retire-
ment. I know that he has well earned this
retirement and we hope he has many years
to enjoy it.
We will miss him. He is quite an individ-
ual. We all came to appreciate him more
than as just one of the helpers around here.
He became a very good personal friend and we
certainly will miss him.
We hope that in his pursuit of his favorite
hobby of fishing that he will find some time
to come back and renew old acquaintances
when it suits him.
I certainly believe he is one man whose
devotion to duty and efficiency and all
around good personality endeared him to
every member of the Appropriations Com-
mittee, or any other committees that had
occasion to work with him.
Mr. LANGEN. Mr. Chairman, permit me to
add my good wishes to those already extended
by the chairman and my colleagues on be-
half of Tex Connor. We certainly hope that
the crises which have prevented the hot United Natioil4 is more effectively to d1S- the future holds for him a wealth of com-
wars of this century from cooling to the charge its responsibilities and to fulfill Congress willsatisfaction
benefit for a good remany ars fort and . I am that years
point of true peace. the hopes held by so much of mankind. from the criteria that he has established
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE
the public. I would say this is less of an
invasion than a "border skirmish.".
Mr, Speaker, as my colleagues will
note,', I have been incensed by these
charges. I am no enemy of conservation,
and my 36 colleagues joining me in this
bill are no enemies of conservation. I,
for one, fought long'and hard for the
Wilderness Act. I devoted great time
and effort to the Land and Water Con-
servation Act. I am working right now
for, passage of the Indiana Dunes Na-
tional Lakeshore bill. And I shall con-
tinue to work for conservation and park
legislation as long as I am In the Con-
gress. To have legislation I have spon-
sored attacked in this irresponsible man-
ner is highly offensive to me, and I have
wanted my colleagues to have the benefit
of a prompt reply from me to these at-
tacks on my bill;
What is proposed in the Colorado
River Basin project bill is a solution to
part of the immediate water needs of
Arizona and California and the financ-
ing of future water imports or other
works to meet the needs of five other
Western States.
I hope my colleagues will note that
nowhere does the Sierra Club say that
the water will be auxiliary or unneeded.
It is needed desperately. Our popula-
tions are growing in the West, and people
need water. It is not going to solve the
problem merely to tell people to stay
home in Wisconsin or Pennsylvania.
They are going to come because this
Nation. is growing, and our population
is moving. We cannot tell the West to
"stop growing"; it is going to grow
whether the Sierra Club likes it or not.
Instead of attacking this legislation as
ruining the Grand Canyon the Sierra
Club ought to praise the people who have
drafted It because it gives such great re-
spect to Grand Canyon National Park
and Grand Canyon National Monument.
Far from ruining the canyon these dams
will insure that no serious and damaging
incursions will occur in the future. The
Job will be done, and it will be done right.
In my Judgment, Mr. Speaker, this
legislation marks a great beginning an
the long fight to solve this Nation's
mounting water crisis. In years past we
have always dealt with our water prob-
lems on a local, piecemeal basis. For this
reason Arizona and California were at
odds for years, and we went to the Su-
preme Court to settle our dispute. Now
we are on the same side, working to-
gether. I do not think you could find
greater evidence of the statesmanship
involved in this legislation, or of the sig-
nificance of what we are attempting to
do. What we propose is a regional so-
lution of major water problems. What
we succeed in doing here can set the Pat-
tern for other regions of the country to
follow, and through these acts of water
statesmanship we can come to grips at
last with the myriad of water problems
facing so many of our States.
Mr,. Speaker, I have attempted to an-
swer each of the charges made by the
Sierra' Club in these ads. I hope and
trust my colleagues will rest easier know-
ing that these 'sweeping charges are
either false, misleading; or both. And I
nor the 36 cosponsors of my bill would
endorse legislation meeting the descrip-
tions applied to it by the Sierra Club
today.
Before concluding I should like to refer
to a recent statement by Laurence
Rockefeller, Chairman of the White
House Conference on Natural. Beauty,
who said:
Conservationists have had to do some re-
thinking, too. For most conservationists,
development had long been an anathema:
they have been interested in nondevelop-
ment, and to them the natural foe has been
the bulldozer and the builder-Indeed, some
conservationists would go almost so far as to
include people.
Unswerving hostility to development, how-
ever, condemns the conservationists to a rear
guard action, and more and more of them
are coming to recognize that this is defeatist.
If conservation, as I believe, Involves the
wise use of our renewable resources, those
who wish to see better environment for our
people must work with the future. Whether
one likes it or not, many more houses are
going to be built, many more bridges and
highways, and the important question is
not if, but how.
Mr. Speaker, I believe Mr. Rockefeller
is right and the Sierra Club is wrong in
this instance. I would hope the Sierra
Club would reconsider before proceeding
further with this i11-conceived attack on
a sound and constructive solution to the
water problems of the Southwest. I cer-
tainly do not believe it has anything con-
structive to offer when It concludes one of
these ads with this statement:
In five years your Reclamation engineers
can close the Grand Canyon show-the es-
sence and excellence of it-end it for all our
civilization's time.
I trust all who have stuck with me
through this rather lengthy speech will
understand now how false-how utterly
and completely false-is that statement.
The Grand Canyon show is not coming
to an end. It is going to go on for the
rest of time. And a lot more people are
going to see it than ever before.
(Mr. UDALL (at the request of Mr.
BOGGS) was granted permission to ex-
tend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. UDALL'S remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of
Mr. Boccs) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. GONZALEZ' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
(Mr. GONZALEZ (at the request of
Mr. Boccs) was pranted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
[Mr. GONZALEZ' remarks will appear
hereafter in the Appendix.]
12317
U.S. CAMERAMEN AND REPORTERS
WORK UNDER EXTREMELY HAZ-
ARDOUS CONDITIONS IN VIETNAM!'[
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
ALBERT). Under previous order of the
House the gentleman from Delaware
[Mr. McDOWELL] is recognized for 30
minutes.
Mr. McDOWELL. Mr. Speaker, on.
May 25, 1966, I addressed the House, on.
the subject of certain wire service photos,
and reports published in various news
papers regarding recent events within
Da Nang's besieged Tinh Hoi Pagoda in.
Vietnam.
I called attention to the discrepancies
between the AP and the UPI pictures and
captions and a story filed by Richard
Critchfleld, Asian correspondent for the
Washington, D.C., Evening Star, and I
simply requested a clarification.
I now submit for the RECORD the replies
to my request for clarification of these
discrepancies which I received from the
UPI, AP, and the Washintgon, D.C.,
Evening Star, and I commend them and
their staff photographers and reporters
in South Vietnam for their prompt and
candid response to my request of May 25.'
I especially commend to my collegaues
and the American public the expanded
reply of Richard Critchfield whose honest
reporting has been confirmed by the
replies I have received, and which was
highly commended editorially by the
Chicago Tribune on May 26, 1966. His
factual reporting is in the highest tra-
dition of our free press, and adds signifi
cantly to our understanding of the tragic
events in Vietnam.
It may be helpful to emphasize a point
I made in an interview published in the
June 4, 1966, issue of Editor & Publisher,
that-
Editors should certainly look into the
matter if questionable pictures of this nature
continue to crop up. They owe it to their
readers to see to it that propaganda masked
as news is not allowed to infiltrate our
newspapers.
For, as I pointed out in my floor re-
marks on May 25 :
If one single picture or one single major
news story can be questioned for accuracy
and factual background, then the American
public should know this so that they may
judge their newspapers accordingly. We
expect propaganda in the Communist press.
Certainly our own free press should not be
subject to such a charge.
The replies I have received from UPI,
AP, and the Washington, D.C., Evening
Star, as well as the lead editorial.from
the Chicago Tribune to which I referred
earlier, follow:
NEW Yonic, N.Y.,
May 26, 1966.
Representative HARRIS B. McDowELL, Ja.,
House Office Building,
Washington, D.C.;
In the spirit of fairness, the United Press
International requests you take equal time
on the floor and set the record straight con-
cerning your charge yesterday that we mis-
led the. public, with a picture from Saigon
Sunday of a wounded woman and baby.
The fact is that the woman and. the baby
were wounded in the civic conflict near a:
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE June 9, 1966
Buddhist. pagoda in Da Nang. The fact is
'that they lay wounded on a stretcher in the
courtyard of the pagoda when reporters and
staff photographers of various U.S. news
media arrived, including UPI Staff Photog-
rapher Steve Van Meter. The fact is that
there were about 30 staff correspondents
and news photographers of U.S. media at the
scene. They testify at length that they did
not feel they were trapped in the pagoda by
the Buddhists, but moved freely as gunfire
permitted. The, fact is that the head monk,
Thick Minh Chieu, had called a news con-
ference at the pagoda. The fact is that the
woman was alive, not dead, and we state
that on the testimony of several correspond-
ents, and on the basis of a sequence of still
newspictures.
The fact is there were many other wounded
and dead, including more than 30 bodies in
one room and another wounded woman on
a stretcher in the courtyard near the woman
and baby. The fact is that the pagoda was
the nearest place with a dispensary not a
hospital, but more than a first aid station.
The woman and baby apparently were in-
jured by mortar Are and were brought to the
pagoda by Boy Scouts.
The fact is the woman and baby picture
was not (repeat not) set up or staged by any
representatives of the U.S. media. The ques-
tion 'then is whether the Buddhists had
staged the scene prior to arrival of photog-
raphers and newsmen. Our representatives
and several other do not think so. The
wounda were fresh, as if they had just been
bro,iagght in. The fact is that Richard Critch-
field of the Washington Star said in Saigon
yesterday that he did not (repeat not) see
anyone prop the baby up beside the woman,
nor did he see the woman and the baby
brought in. "Maybe these were not staged,"
he said, "but there were so many other things
that were going on that you had to realize
that these things were being staged. For in-
stance, the bodies of two monks draped on
the steps of another pagoda. The Buddhist
Boy Scouts who ran out under fire and
dragged the bodies back into the pagoda-
just so they could claim their wounded.
Soxne of them they wounded themselves."
Other newsmen disputed the charge
against the Boy Scouts. Leon Daniel, UPI
staff correespondent, said "I felt they were
heroic. I certainly don't think they were
risking their lives that way for propaganda
purposes." Sean Flynn, a free lancer for
several large publications, said: "I've pic-
tures of those kids. I'll fight Critchfield on
that point." The fact remains that a civilian
woman and baby were injured in civil strife
and it was a legitimately newsworthy pic-
ture. If the Buddhists called a new con-
ference to use the U.S. media it was used no
more than by any other individual or group
which calls news conferences to present
views, The UPI has experienced newsmen
and photographers in Vietnam and all of us
are dedicated to objective, accurate report-
ing. The final fact is that we strive for that
every day.
Sincerely,
CHARLES MCCARTHY,
Assistant General Manager.
UPI News pictures.
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
May 27, 19661
AP, UPI DENY CHARGE VIET PHOTO WAS POSED
The Associated Press and United Press In-
ternational, responding to a congressional
challenge, have denied that their photo-
graphs of a Vietnamese woman and baby,
taken during the recent civil strife at Da
Nang, were posed.
In separate statements, the news agencies
replied to earlier remarks in the House
Wednesday by Rep. HARRIS B. McDowELL,
D-Del. McDowELL had said there was an
apparent discrepancy between photographs
transmitted by both AP and UPI and a news
dispatch from Richard Critchfield, Asian cor-
respondent of The Star.
The news services each distributed a photo-
graph of a woman lying wounded on a
stretcher, with a baby beside her, taken Sun-
day night Inside the courtyard of a pagoda.
Newsmen had been summoned there by
Buddhists opposing the Saigon government
for an announcement.
Critchfield, in his dispatch Tuesday, re-
ported the newsmen had been "enticed in-
side for a fictional urgent announcement,
then were told it was too dangerous to leave
for the remainder of the night after Buddhist
forces provoked a heavy fire fight with sur-
rounding paratroopers and tanks."
He contended the entire incident had been
staged as a propaganda show for the Ameri-
can reporters and photographers. He wrote,
"perhaps the most cynical and outrageous
touch was a wailing baby someone had
propped against the body of a dead woman
for the photographers' benefit."
MCDOWELL, said that either AP and UPI
photographers or Critchfield were guilty of
"inaccurate and irresponsible" reporting,,
The wire services, in their statements,
yesterday, said picture sequences clearly es-
tablished the woman their photographers
pictured was not dead. They said their men
had not posed the photograph, and did not
think it had been posed.
Critchfield, replying from Saigon, conceded
the woman may have been alive as "I did not
feel the woman's pulse," but defended his
reporting of the entire episode in the pagoda
as accurately portraying the scene.
"Congressman MCDOWELL'S contention
that it was either a question of inaccuracy
by the photographers or myself-if, indeed,
we are discussing the same woman and
baby-is open to question. The photog-
rapher's job is to take pictures of what
exists. A reporter's job is to try to and tell
what is happening as best he can.
"A wounded or dead woman lay on the
ground with a wailing baby by her side.
That is a news photograph by any standard.
But the circumstances and the setting sur-
rounding her were equally important to con-
vey. That is the reporter's job: To describe
what he sees and to place the event in con-
text and proper perspective.
"What I attempted to point out was that
when we (some 40 newsmen) walked into
that pagoda, an array of wounded and dead
bodies-including a woman and a child-
were lying around in an apparently-staged
display. That was the immediate impression
of those newsmen around me.
"The wounded badly needed medical at-
tention and the Buddhist monks there had
the ability to get them out if they wanted,
as they later demonstrated."
Critchfield went on to recount what he
called the "nightmarish experience of being
temporarily trapped within the pagoda."
When the newsmen arrived, he said, it was
almost dark.
Once inside the pagoda gates, they saw
youths and women swathed in bloody band-
ages lying about the courtyard. Four women
lay on stretchers on the ground just before
the pagoda steps. Off to the side was a
woman with a baby.
"The woman's eyes were closed and she
appeared to be dead," Critchfield continued.
"A very small baby-perhaps less than 1 year
old-apparently had been placed by her side
near the waist. It was crying and held its
arms toward us and did not appear to be
injured. I did not feel the woman's pulse.
"From the nearby classroom came the
stench from 26 bodies, many of them putre-
scent."
He added:
"A number of reporters voiced fears we had
walked into a trap and others voiced disgust
a the display of the wounded."
REPORTER WOUNDED
The AP, in its statement written after
checking its Saigon office, said one of its
reporters, Robert Poos, said that the woman
in question "was not dead nor was the pic-
ture posed. The picture sequence taken by
an AP staff photographer showed the
mother's arms in three different positions."
Poos was wounded in the chest as he left
the pagoda grounds.
UPI, in a statement by Charles McCarty,
assistant general manager of UPI news pic-
tures, urged MCDOWELL to "set the record
straight concerning your charges yesterday
that we misled the public with a picture from
Saigon Sunday.... "
McCarty also said:
"The fact is the woman and baby picture
was not set up or staged by any representa-
tive of the U.S. media. The question then
is whether the Buddhists had staged the
scene prior to arrival of photographers and
newsmen.
"Our representatives and several others do
not think so.... If the Buddhists called a
news conference to use the U.S. media it
was used no more than by any other indivi-
dual or group which calls news conferences
to present views."
Critchfield does not say the photographers
staged the picture. He does contend that
the Buddhists summoned the newsmen to
the pagoda after staging a scene to elicit
sympathy-and support-for their position.
REPORT OF RICHARD CRITCHFIELD, ASIAN COR-
RESPONDENT FOR THE WASHINGTON EVE-
NING STAR, ON PAGODA PICTURES AND STORIES
(Associated Press, New York-Washington
Star special)
SAIGON, May 28.-Saigon Vietnamese news-
papers this morning published statements
from both American press Services made in
response to charges by Rep. MCDOWELL con-
cerning newspicture taken in Danang last
Sunday night.
McDOWELL cited article by this reporter
written Tuesday contending propaganda
scene had been staged within Pagoda de-.
liberately to picture South Vietnamese mili-
tary forces as slaughtering innocent women
and children.
He quoted one scene in my Tuesday dis-
patch "Perhaps the most cynical and out-
rageous touch was a wailing baby someone
had propped against the body of a dead
woman for the photographers' benefit."
Though McDOwELL did not refer to it I also
had written in previous story Monday "the
Pagoda precinct itself covering about a
fourth of city block, was a grisly nightmare
scene. Twenty-six corpses some packed in
salt and others badly decomposed and
covered with buddhist flags swarming with
flies gave whole area sickening stench.
Stretchers of wounded women and teenage
boys wrapped with bloody bandages lay
about the courtyard as if they were on dis-
play for the foreign press. This tragic spec-
tacle included one dead woman with it
wailing baby."
The controversial story was written fol-
lowing day in effort to put this scene in more
perspective, It was intended as analysis.
As I have pointed out while AP photograph.
does not entirely resemble what I remem-
bered it is possible I was mistaken.
'It all happened quickly-we were invited.
to pagoda, fired at as we entered, milled about
in semidarkness and confusion, a rebel youth
grabbed me by shoulder to see what he said
was example government repression and I
saw woman who to all appearances was dead.
Have vivid impression of black hair bloody
bandages and baby visibly terrified and cry-
ing raising its arms to be taken away.
Moments later heavy firefighting erupted
and bullets sprayed courtyard and I did not
see woman and baby again. I understand
AP is trying to trace her. .
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Associated,, Press Statement which was
accurate , and fair quotes this reporter as
saying I did not mean to imply specific
,picture of woman and child were "posed and
set u as a fake" by foreign newsman. I
,nape Ernown some of photographers involved
,for two years and they are brave skilled
newsmen dedicated to objective accurate
journalism. '
What I did however, intend was to inter-
pret entire spectacle at Tinh Hoi as I and
some of the other newsmen present caw it:
A flagrant example of stagemanaging by a
extremely skillful propaganda apparatus.
Whether rebels intended to hold us host-
ages to ensure their own protection or in-
volve American Marines or simply to play on
our sympathies matter of speculation. But
that certain aspects of scene contrived for
calculated effect I had no doubt whatsoever.
Since some newsmen present then remained
in Danang and others returned to Saigon
and elsewhere and civil strife has continued
have had no oportunity to canvass everybody
present. APS Robert Poos yesterday con-
firmed I had quoted him accurately as say-
ing the "Buddists had trapped us in the
pagoda and then opened fire when we tried
to go."
Ruben Salazar of Los Angeles Times con-
firms Thich Minh Chieu chief Monk in
pagoda told newsmen he had invited them
there for express purpose of witnessing gov-
ernment attack he expected either that night
or early morning.
Simon Petrie a French correspondent for
Paris Match and other publications whose
Danang home was ransacked by government
troops two days before said yesterday he
shared my belief spectacle of wounded
staged for our benefit.
Francois Sully of Newsweek Magazine re-
ported his subsequent research in Danang
substantiated what I had written.
Dale Minor of WBAR New York who re-
corded most of the sounds in pagoda on his
taperecorder said yesterday he was convinced
government troops had twice "raked the
courtyard" with machine gun fire while we
were there and wounded lay exposed in
open.
Ronald Nessen of NBC and William Stout
of CBS who shared same ditch during first
heavy firelight both expressed conviction at
time rebels had provoked government fire
to trap us in pagoda. No rebel ever ex-
pressly forbade us to leave. But several told
me after firefight roughly same message "it
is too dangerous new for you to leave before
morning."
David Kelly of London Economist who left
Danang Sunday afternoon said yesterday he
had seen considerable evidence of rebel
stagemanaging events during his two day
stopover in Danang.
Kelly felt controversy produced "a health-
ier situation". Kelly said while he felt
monks at TinHol had shown respect for dead
by arranging bodies and observing traditional
ceremonies, two monks found sprawled dead
in pagoda entrance Friday morning had
Two tracer bullets were fired straight over
our heads from pagoda gate as we approached
pagoda. At this point Neil Sheehan of New
York Times and one other newsman near
rear of group turned back to American Press
camp.
About dozen of us were too close to pagoda
by then to feel could safely retreat but from
that moment all of us felt frightened and
uneasy if not trapped. Others already in-
side possibly felt easier in their minds.
Within minutes however six or seven news-
men although urgent announcement had
not yet been made-and never was-at-
tempted to leave pagoda, were fired upon
and wounded by grenade fragments. One
photographer I saw voiced real panic. An-
other a vietnamese handed his camera over
to his American employer and said no mat-
ter what he was getting out.
Everyone I saw with exception of one
heroic voice who shouted across courtyard "I
am staying all night" was either angry or
frightened and many could be accurately
described as terrified.
UPI mentions pagoda was nearest place
with dispensary which was true. But a heav-
ily armored battalion had surrounded its
rear at five o'clock triggering heavy firefight
and rebels later triggered another between
seven and eight when we were inside pagoda.
According to APS investigation woman and
baby were mortar fire victims and had been
found hiding and brought by Buddhist boy-
scouts near house some two hundred yards
What really happened during those con-
fused moments in Tin Hoi could probably be
accurately determined by interviewing each
of newsmen involved, Marine officers at press
camp and most of several hundred Vietna-
mese wounded during the entire week. A
careful study could be made of rebel prop-
aganda apparatus. This would require
United States government resources since
newsmen must go on and report continuing
daily events. The issue is profoundly im-
portant one in Vietnam and should not be
lost in secondary matter of whether picture
was faked, Of course it was not and this
reporter never meant to imply it was. The
stagemanaging was done on much vaster
scale and this propaganda apparatus is what
should be investigated and accused, not the
press services. End Critchfield
[From the Chicago (Ill.) Tribune, May 26,
19661
THE SCALES FELL FROM THEIR EYES
One of the most significant news stories
of the Viet Nam war was written by Richard
Critchfield, a distinguished Washington Star
correspondent, distributed by the Associated
Press, and published by The Tribune yes-
terday.
Mr. Critchfield's dispatch is conclusive
evidence that some of the reporting from
Viet Nam has been the worst in our his-
tory, which is a major reason why the
American people are so confused about it.
The story recounts the horrible experi-
ence of 40 American and foreign newsmen
who were lured into Da Nang's Buddhist
Tinh Hoi pagoda, besieged by government
troops, by revolutionary monks who promised
them an important statement. When they
arrived the newsmen were told that it was too
dangerous for them to leave, and they soon
realized that the treacherous monks had en-
ticed them into the pagoda as hostages.
Either their presence would deter govern-
ment troops from assaulting the pagoda or,
if it should be stormed, the surviving news-
men would put the blame for the attack on
military forces loyal to Premier Ky.
Mr. Critchfield describes the experience of
the newsmen as "a kind of shock treatment
that stripped bare the almost incredible
cynicism of Buddhist monks and rebel
political commissars toward human life."
The incident, he says, exploded the myth
that the Buddhists represented "a just but
repressed popular cause." He says the "scales
fell from the eyes" of the naive newsmen
who had helped to propagate this myth.
Despite the risk of being shot in the back
by the Buddhist rebels, the newsmen, as Mr.
Critchfield says, decided to "stand up for hu-
man decency." They turned their backs on
the monks, marched out, waving handker-
chiefs and undershirts, and three of them
were injured by rebel snipers and a grenade.
Mr. Critchfield has a reputation for honest,
objective reporting. Unlike many others in
Viet Nam, he has not distorted facts to sup-
port some ideological predilection. But he
is an idealist, and he had sincerely believed
that the Buddhist insurrection was a popu-
lar movement. He was the closest American
correspondent in Viet Nam to Gen. Nguyen
Chanh Thi, deposed former commander of
the 1st corps area and political ally of the
infamous Thich Trf Quang, leader of the
Buddhist rebels. Thus his account of the
revelation in the Tinh Hoi pagoda is a con-
fession of immense significance.
The Buddhist tactics described by Mr.
Critchfield are characteristically communist
and wholly incompatible with the self-deny-
ing ascetic, and gentle attitudes of Bud-
dhism. They debased their own religious
sanctuary, refusing to bury their dead on the
pretense that government troops would not
let them out of the pagoda, when trucks fly-
ing Red Cross flags were coming and going
with arms and ammunition. They armed Boy
Scouts and induced them to fire and throw
away to pagoda compound. This was during
daylight since darkness fell only when we
reached the gate. During daylight hours
ambulances and other vehicles had been
coming and going from pagoda all day.
When we arrived rebels voiced fears of
imminent government attack. These in-
cluded apparent leader Thich Minh Chieu.
My contention was that wounded could
have been carried away from pagoda to
safety and help down the street since only
four government tanks on that side. My
contention was that to bring them to pagoda
endangered their lives both from lack of
medical care and exposure to incoming bul-
lets since they were left lying in exposed
courtyard.
Friday afternoon Kenneth Harbidge of
Philadelphia one of two American business-
men sharing house two blocks away from
pagoda told me it was his impression most
of wounded civilians in area has been hit
by rebel fire whether rescued by Buddhist
boyscouts or not.
Harbidge a former Army major said he
had seen rebels laying boobytraps in streets
and small boys running back and forth with
grenades under their shirts.
His house was hit with mortar wounding
landlady and a servant blown up by street-
mine. Harbidge put blame for both on
rebels.
UPI noted I had said I had not seen any-
one prop up baby nor had I seen woman
or baby brought in. This is true. But wom-
an I saw dead or alive was in no condition
to look after that child and somebody' would
have had to prop it there which was what I
reported.
There was also testimony Buddhist boy-
scouts had acted heriocally rescuing wounded
under fire. I agree one hundred percent. My
belief was that like highschool girls and
others in pagoda the boyscouts were being
used as unconscious instruments of a cynical
propaganda apparatus involving only a hand-
ful of leaders. One of topmost Buddhist
leaders told me Thursday that "romantic
idealistic" youths made best agitators. My
experience in Danang was that many rebel
soldiers, boyscouts, highschool girls and
others took part out of good faith in what
felt was good cause, Brig, Gen. Du Quoc
Dong in interview expressed much same view
as his national rank and file of rebels should
not be punished.
deflnitely staged appearance and had not been decently cared for. He also noted as I did that although reportedly defended by rebel-battalion '
which I had actually seen day before there
was only one dead soldier's body in evi- dente.
UPI in its statement asked McDowell to
set record straight and enumerated list of
Pact s. It contended thirty reporters on scene
"ca n testify at length that they did not feel
trapped moved freely as gunfire permitted."
testimony should be recorded and
publicized to set the record straight. Most
of the other newsmen I talked to shared
Poos belief we had been enticed into pagoda
to trap us. Through most of the episode
newsmen en were in three separate groups. I was with what appeared to be two television
teams, NBC and CBS.
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 12320
grenades at government troops, who could
not return the fire without killing children
and creating martyrs for the Buddhists.
'Marshal Ky has said that TA Quang is cer-
tainly a communist sympathizer and prob-
ably a communist. It is known from cap-
tured enemy documents that the rebellious
Buddhist groups were infiltrated and strongly
influenced by the Communists. The anti-
government and anti-American slogans used
in all Buddhist demonstrations Were dictated
by the Communist party.
All these facts have been reported by the
Tribune.
STRUGGLE TO PROTECT OUR EN-
VIRONMENT FROM POLLUTION
ENLISTS TALENTS OF ABLE MEN
FROM MANY DIFFERENT PRO-
FESSIONS
The SPEAKER. Under previous order
of the House the gentleman from Rhode
Island [Mr. FOGARTY] is recognized for
10 minutes.
Mr. FOGARTY. Mr. Speaker, the
struggle to protect our environment from
pollution has enlisted the talents of able
men from many different professions. I
would like to take occasion to pay tribute
to a man who represents, with honor,
that group of skilled and sophisticated
engineers who have done so much in re-
cent years to make this a healthier na-
tion in which to live.
This week Mr. Harry G. Hanson, Asso-
ciate Chief for Environmental Health
and an Assistant Surgeon General of the
U.S.. Public Health Service Is leaving that
organization after nearly 25 years of
dedicated service.
Many Member's of this Congress have
become increasingly aware of the im-
portance of combatting pollution of the
environment as a menace to human
health, as well as to important aesthetic
and economic values. As a member and
chairman of the subcommittee of the
Committee on Appropriations which
deals with the annual budget of the Pub-
lic Health Service, I have been impressed
with the. tremendous task we confront in
combatting a multitude of pollutants. I
have also come to respect the engineers
who were among the first of the profes-
I am confident his experience and skill
will serve this Nation well when Mr. Han-
son assumes his new post as Regional
Adviser for Sanitary Engineering with
the Pan American Health Organization.
On my own behalf and for Mr. Han-
son's many other friends in Congress, I
extend best wishes to Mr. Hanson for
success in his new endeavors. I would
also add our thanks and appreciation for
his significant contributions to the fur-
therance of public health, as he has un-
remittingly devoted himself to the health
of people and their environment over a
quarter century of public service,
LEAVE OF ABSENCE
By unanimous consent, leave of ab-
sence was granted to Mr. FLYNT (at the
request of Mr. GRAY), for today, on ac-
count of official business.
SPECIAL ORDERS GRANTED
By unanimous consent, permission to
address the House, following the legisla-
tive program and any special orders
heretofore entered, was granted to:
Mr. DORN, for 1 hour, on June 16.
Mr. MOELLER, for.15 minutes, on June
13.
Mr. CONTE (at the request of Mr.
EDWARDS of Alabama) for 15 minutes, on
June 14; to revise and extend his re-
marks and include extraneous matter.
Mr. AsHBROOK (at the request of Mr.
EDWARDS of Alabama), for 5 minutes,
today; to revise and extend his remarks
and included extraneous matter.
Mr. McDoWELL (at the request of Mr.
BOGGS), for 30 minutes today: revise and
extend his remarks and include extrane-
ous matter.
Mr. FOGARTY (at the request of Mr.
BOGGS), for 10 minutes, today; to re-
vise and extend his remarks and in-
clude extraneous matter.
Mr. HOWARD (at the request of Mr.
BOGGS), for 30 minutes, on June 13; to
revise and extend his remarks and in-
clude extraneous matter.
sional groups to realize the signifiance EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of the problem and to devise methods of By unanimous consent, permission to
containing it. Among these pioneers in extend remarks in the Appendix of the
a new and complex area of modern life, RECORD, or to revise and extend remarks
Mr. Hansen has filled an important role. was granted to:
As director of the Robert A. Taft Sani- Mr. WHITTEN and to Include a letter
tary Engineering Center in Cincinnati, to the editor by Benjamin Schultz, of
Ohio, from 1954 to 1960 he contributed to Clarksdale, Miss.
the strength of that facility and helped Mr. GROSS and to Include a newspaper
make it a pivotal resource in all our en- article.
vironmental health efforts to the point Mr. ADAIR and to include extraneous
that it became internationally famous. matter.
As Associate Chief for Environmental Mr. HARVEY of Indiana to extend his
Health since 1960, he has earned respect remarks at the close of debate on H.R.
for his professional ability and his per- 14929 today.
sonal integrity. Mr. DAGUE of Pennsylvania (at the re-
Mr. Hanson has not only served well quest of Mr. HARVEY of Indiana) to ex-
the people of this Nation. He has shared tend his remarks at the close of debate
knowledge and skill and carried a mes- on H.R. 14929 today.
sage of hope to the people of other coun- Mr. SPRINGER to extend his remarks
tries. On two occasions Mr. Hanson during debate on H.R. 14929 in the Com-
served as adviser to U.S. delegations of inittee of the Whole today.
the World Health Organization, Geneva, Mr. DOLE to extend his remarks im-
Switzerland, and he has ably represent- mediately prior to the vote on the Callan
ed our country in other International amendment in the Committee of the
conferences. Whole today.
Approved For l pgggW :,Rf~ 67B1( ?P000400080014-~une 9, ,196'6
Mr. MIZE (at the request of Mr. DOLE)
to extend his remarks immediately prior
to the vote on the Callan amendment :in
the Committee of the Whole today.
Mr. TALCOIT (at the request of Mr.
DOLE) to extend his remarks immediately
prior to the vote on the Callan amend-
ment in the Committee of the Whole
today.
Mr. QUTE to include extraneous matter
with his remarks made in the Committee
of the Whole today.
Mr. ARENDS (at the request of Mr.
EDWARDS of Alabama) following the re-
marks of Mr. QuIE in Committe,(~ today
and to include certain detailed informa-
tion.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama) and
to include extraneous matter:)
Mr. GUBSER.
Mr. QUILLEN.
Mr. EDWARDS of Alabama.
Mr. MORTON.
Mr. WIDNALL in two instances.
Mr. DOLE.
Mr. M4,cGREGOR in two instances.
Mr. SMITH of New York.
Mr. MCCLORY.
Mr. CRAMER.
Mr. LIPSCOMB.
Mr. MORSE.
Mr. BOB WILSON in three instances.
(The following Members (at the re-
quest of Mr. BOGGS) and to include ex-
traneous matter:)
Mr. KEOGH in two instances.
Mr. POWELL.
Mr. CULVER.
Mr. DINGELL in two instances.
Mr. BURKE.
Mr. SCHMIDHAUSER.
Mr. RIVERS of South Carolina.
Mr. ANNUNZIO.
Mr. LOVE in two instances.
Mr. HAYS in two Instances.
Mr. ROSENTHAL.
Mr. FUQUA.
Mr. EDWARDS of California in two in-
stances.
Mr. GONZALEZ in two instances.
Mr. VIVIAN.
Mr. ICHORD in two instances.
Mr. MAHON.
Mr. PuclNSKI in six instances.
Mr. O'BRIEN.
Mr. FARNUM and to include extraneous
matter, notwithstanding the fact It ex-
ceeds the limit and Is estimated by the
Public Printer to cost $364.
SENATE BILLS, A JOINT RESOLU-
TION, AND A CONCURRENT RESO-
LUTION REFERRED
Bills, a joint resolution, and a con-
current resolution of the Senate of the
following titles were taken from the
Speaker's table and, under the rule, re-
ferred as follows:
S. 562. An act to amend title 38, United
States Code, with respect to the definition
of the term "Veterans' Administration facil-
ities," and to eliminate certain requirements
for the furnishing of nursing home care in
the case of veterans hospitalized by the Vet-
erans' Administration in Alaska and Hawaii;
to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs.
S. 2366. An act to repeal certain provisions
of the act of January 21, 1929 (45 Stat. 1091),
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 serious problems of `integration with other
functional a rid` administrative unii?;s.
A third approach is the development of
truly metropolitan government. This ap-
pears to be working successfully in Dade
County, Florida and sfiould be carefully
'8tutied.for possible application elsewhere.
-"Whatever the advantages' of strong cen-
tral coordination, I think that our experience
over the past three decades demonstrates
that the problems of our urban society are
too complex and too imminent to be suscep-
tible of, central operation. We can ease the
administrative difficulties through the appli-
cation of the techniques of modern manage-
ment to urban problems. The genius of
systems technology is its ability to bring
order out of tremendous numbers of diverse
elements and factors-order that' not only
stabilizes but creates the conditions for prog-
ress as well. These concepts, developed so
brilliantly right here in Eastern Massachu-
setts, are already being put to use on public
problems. The State of California con-
tracted with four aerospace firms for studies
,on crime, transportation, pollution and in-
-formation control. Computers will govern
the scheduling and repair of trains in the
new,Bay Area Rapid Transit system in San
Francisco. Experiments are now going for-
Ward in Toronto and Chicago with the use
of computers to regulate traffic. There is
enormous room for greater efforts here. It
is at this point that our technology most di-
rectly confronts the urban challenge.
Implicit in everything I have said about
strengthening governmental institutions be-
low the national level is the essential validity
of government close to `the people. One of
the failures of our approach to urban prob-
lems thus far is the inability of programs of
concrete and granite to transform the lives
of people. This failure goes to the heart
of the second question I raised a few minutes
ago. Who into govern? - '
The historic `ideal of the town meeting
where each citizen of the community could
speak his piece and influence the decisions
of the government closest to him is simply
not feasible in a city of millions. What we
must strive for is a system of metropolitan
government that will give people the sense of
participation and involvement envisioned by
the town meeting. This will not be achieved
simply by establishing quotas of representa-
tion on city boards and agencies of "the
poor" or any other category of citizen. I am
convinced that the consistently low turnout
in elections conducted by the Office of Eco-
nomic Opportunityrefects the inability of
the citizens involved to believe that their
representation would'really' make any dif-
ference. People will seek redress in the
streets until they believe they can find it in
the voting booth. One of my former col-
leagues in the House is making an exciting
attempt to restore the confidence of people
in government in New York .City. We can
only wish him well and hope that his exam-
ple will be repeated elsewhere in the nation.
? In discussing with you some of the ' ele-
ments in the urban challenge that concern
me as a Member of Congress, I fear I have
raised more questions than I have answered.
Those of. us who must operate within the
confines of existing geographic and adminis-
trative divisions look to those of you with
the freshness and imagination to develop
new forms of government suitable to the age,
yet consistent with our tested principles.
It is an awesome challenge, but one from
which we cannot turn away. In confront-
ing it, we might ' reflect upon our history.
Almost two hundred years ago the people liv-
ing on the Atlantic Coast of this continent
cams together to govern a great nation; it
is our challenge here today to come together
to develop new and fresh approaches to the
government of great cities.
67B 4N 400080014-5 June 9, 1966
Representative Smith of New York Lauds
Australian Economic and Military As-
sistance in Vietnam
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HENRY P. SMITH III
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 9, 1966
Mr. SMITH of New York. Mr. Speak-
er, many Americans, I believe, are un-
der the impression that the United
States is "going it alone" in Vietnam;
that only American forces are strug-
gling to preserve the cause of freedom in
that embattled nation. It is true that
our fighting men, representing every
branch of our Armed Forces, are shoul-
dering the greatest part of the burden in
growing concern the fact that, for the
past 5 weeks, the number of American
men killed in action in Vietnam have
exceeded the number of South Vietnam-
ese war dead.
American is a great and powerful na-
tion. She has never shirked her respon-
sibilities to preserve and protect the prin-
ciples of freedom and democracy when-
ever and wherever she has been called
upon to do so.
There are, however, other nations,
though not possessed of the industrial
and military might of the United States,
who feel a deep sense of responsibility to
those peoples who lack the blessings of
liberty and human freedom.
Mr. Speaker, I wish to call particular
attention to the economic and military
assistance being provided in Vietnam by
the Commonwealth of Australia.
I know that our combat units in Viet-
nam are happy to have the cooperation
and support of the courageous, gallant
and experienced Australian troops. It is
good to know that some of our friends
around the world understand the reasons
for our involvement in Vietnam.
Australia is a nation which has faced
aggression, invasion and the loss of free-
dom and liberty before. ' She knows the
cost of peace, and she is willing to pay
the price to preserve that peace both
for herself and her neighbors.
Mr. Speaker, the June 1 edition of the
Australian News, published by the Aus-
tralian News and Information Bureau,
contains a very interesting commentary
by the Australian Minister of External
Affairs, Mr. Paul Hasluck, on Australia's
position with regard to Vietnam and the
Southeast Asia Treaty Organization. I
commend this article to the study of the
members of the House.
The following are pertinent excerpts
from the Australian News:
AUSTRALIAN EXTERNAL AFFAIRS MINISTER SETS
OUT VIEWS ON RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN VIET-
NAM POLICY AND SEATO MEMBERSHIP
The Australian Minister for External Af-
fairs, Mr. Paul Hasluck, has spoken of Aus-
tralia's actions in Vietnam and their rela-
tionship to the South-East Asia Treaty
Organization. In a statement released yes-
terday, Mr. Hasluck said that because ques-
tions continued to be asked on this subject
he was recapitulating the Government's at-
titude and policy.
The Minister said that when the SEATO
Treaty was signed in 1954, its eight members
designated for the purposes of Article IV
"the States of Cambodia and Laos and the
free territory under jurisdiction of the State
of Vietnam." This meant that each party
to the Treaty recognized that aggression
against South Vietnam by armed attack
would endanger its own peace and safety and
each agreed that it would in that event act
to meet the common danger in accordance
with its constitutional processes.
? "The designation also meant that, if it was
considered that South Vietnam was threat-
ened other than by armed attack, the parties
would consult immediately in order to agree
on the measures which should be taken for
the common defence," Mr. Hasluck said.
"Article IV also states that it is understood
that no action on the territory of a desig-
nated State should be taken except at the
invitation or with the consent of the Gov-
ernment concerned. The objectives of
SEATO are those which the Australian Gov-
ernment has been steadily pursuing for many
years.
"That was why, 12 years ago, we worked
hard to have SEATO created, and to have
South Vietnam designated by protocol. It
would be wrong to say that the Australian
Government is acting today in Vietnam
solely because it is obliged to do so under
SEATO. Even if SEATO did not exist, Aus-
tralia would want to see communist aggres-
sion deterred and resisted in the region of
South and South-East Asia.
"SEATO helps to deter and resist aggres-
sion. SEATO is an agreement and a working
practical arrangement which Australia ad-
heres to and observes in pursuit of our awn
interests and policies. Our actions in SEATO
are in pursuance of our obligations through
SEATO but are not because of SEATO alone.
The Treaty does not itself lay down the de-
tails of action to be taken to meet a threat
or an act of aggression. The members meet
together as required to discuss situations and
possible courses of action.
"Unanimity of all SEATO members is nec-
essary for the designation of South Vietnam
by protocol and this was agreed unanimously.
But unanimity is not required for every ac-
tion by each member State in playing-its
part in SEATO. Possible action by SEATO
members is not limited, under the Treaty
or otherwise, to collective action. Obliga-
tions under the Treaty are separate as well
as joint,. and members have to make their
separate judgements.
."In the absence of a collective decision-
Which in the question of Vietnam has not
been sought-each State decides for itself
what it will do. Australia decided initially,
in 1954, to contribute to the stability and
development of the Republic of Vietnam by
economic assistance. Such assistance has
continued ever since. Then, as Vietcong in-
surrection, sabotage, and terrorism sought
to disrupt the administration and economy
of South Vietnam and to destroy it, the
Australian Government gave additional and
new forms of assistance-for example, mili-
tary advisers. When the situation worsened,
with more blatant and large-scale armed
intervention from North Vietnam the
Australian Government increased its assist-
ance yet further and provided combat forces.
"The form of our response to the threat to
South Vietnam was not determined by
SEATO. It was for Australia to decide for
itself the nature and size of the action we
took. Other coutries, more remote or perhaps
feeling themselves less directly threatened
or less able to assist others, might have taken
a different view. But the Australian Govern-
ment considered that the situation called for
assistance to the Republic of Vietnam
against aggression, and that it was in our
national interest and within our national
capacity to do no less than we are doing
now .
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 June 9, 1966 Approved( $gg Q OMi~pftt!~ .BD 6]~PPM#kR000400080014-5 A3119
officials in search of information and to be or standing Committee on Urban Affairs. As has appeared to lose favor, with the Adminis-
sure that we are not working at cross pur-
poses. We still need an Office of Commu-
nity Development.
Every Member of Congress and every Sen-
ator has seen the problems faced by com-
munities in their efforts to deal with the
federal government. Not only must an offi-
cial go from the Department to Department
in search of information, but he must also
frequently go from bureau to bureau within
those departments. The agencies do little
to ease the burdens of these local officials.
Recently, my office collected the informa-
tion and application forms needed by urban
officials to apply for federal grants or loans.
The size of the pile is staggering. The com-
munity applying for a senior citizens hous-
ing project, for example, must wade its way
through a fact sheet on the program, the
regulations governing its administration, an
explanation of the form that must he sub-
mitted to assure compliance with the regula-
tions, the assurance of compliance form, an-
other explanation of the form for the loan,
and the loan form itself, a pamphlet on
guides for project design, a supplemental
information sheet, information on fallout
shelter requirements, instructions on how to
apply for organizational and development
expenses, and model forms of incorporation
and bylaws. Then we come to the supple-
mental forms: the statement of housing de-
mand, the official certification of authority,
the statement of community interest, proj-
ect characteristics data, engineering data,
site data, financial data, legal data-all this
for a single program! We also found that
the manuals and materials needed by a com-
munity to file an application for a Head
Start program under the Office of Economic
Opportunity weighed 51/Z pounds! Fur-
thermore the economic' data required is not
systematic or uniform. Similar but related
calculations must be performed over and
over again.
But if the Executive Branch, has failed in
its responsibilities for coordination, the Con-
gress has done little better. At the present
time, there are no less than eight standing
committees of the House of Representatives
with jurisdiction over urban programs. The
Committees on Agriculture, Banking and
Currency, the District of Columbia, Educa-
tion and Labor, Government Operations,
Judiciary, Interstate and Foreign Commerce
and Public Works all have significant areas
of jurisdiction over urban problems. Given
this wide dispersal of authority, coordina-
tion is practically impossible. In some in-
stances our Committees may even be work-
ing at cross purposes. For example, while
the Public Works Committee is considering
legisla ion to build more highways to bring
cars infb the central city, the Housing Sub-
committee of the House Banking and Cur-
rency Committee may be working on mass
transit legislation designed to keep the cars
out.
Water pollution is another example. The
Banking and Currency Committee has juris-
diction over programs funded by the Com-
munity Facilities Administration of the De-
partment of Housing and Urban Development
for new sewage systems, while the Public
Works Committee has jurisdiction over water
pollution control programs, which funds the
construction of water treatment facilities.
The relationship between these two urban
functions Is far closer in fact than this jur-
isdictional arrangement would suggest. The
present system makes it impossible to con-
sider the interrelationships between housing
and education, between transportation and
pollution, or between highways and open
spaces.
The wise response to this confused situa-
tion would be to create a Committee of the
House of Representatives on Urban Affairs.
Since I entered the House in 1961, I have been
introducing resolutions calling for a select
federal involvement in urban affairs grows, tration, it has gained supporttin Congress.
so does interest in these-proposals and I am With a number of my Republican colleagues
hopeful that action can be obtained in the in the House and Senator JAvrrs in the Sen-
relatively near future. ate, I have introduced legislation authorizing
The value of such a committee has been the return of one per cent of federal income
demonstrated clearly this year. The Presi- tax revenue to the states. The funds, which
dent has recommended a Demonstration would amount to about $2.5 billion in,the
Cities Act that would encompass such pro- first year, could be used for a broad range
grams as transportation, housing, urban re- of health, education and welfare purposes.
newal, welfare and economic opportunity. These might include pollution control, men-
House consideration of this proposal could be tal health and retardation prevention and
much more meaningful if an Urban Affairs treatment, expanded programs of special and
Committee, benefiting from the expertise of supplementary education-the list is endless.
Members from the eight Committees now There would be a .minimum federal control;
charged with responsibility in this field could funds would be allocated among states ac-
have brought their mutual wisdom and un- cording to a careful formula reflecting popu-
derstanding to the consideration of this lation and need; and essential direction and
major new legislation. Here, it seems to me, execution would remain at the local level.
is an opportunity for the Congress to do the In my judgment, this approach could lessen
coordinating job the Administration is not federal administrative costs, permit greater
doing. flexibility in programming, and allow the al-
The point of this discussion of administra- location of funds more promptly and selec-
tive arrangements is that there are a number tively.
of immediate steps that can be taken in the We are undergoing a vast revolution in the
short run to smooth the relationships be- representative character of our state govern-
tween urban areas and the federal govern- ments. If the governments which result
ment. In the long run, however, we must from this revolution more accurately repre-
look beyond the easy administrative short- sent the interests of their people and if they
cuts to a whole new concept of government. approach their task with freshness and vi-
Nowhere is this more evident than right here sion, they will be better able to develop and
in Megalopolis. As Professor Jean Gottman administer their own programs. If we give
points out in his detailed study, the concept these strengthened governments better tools
comes from the Alexandrian philospher Philo to work with, the benefits for metropolitan
Judaeus who referred to "megalopolis" as a development become even more evident.
great city of ideas which could predetermine We cannot talk about local government
and command the material world. We have without assessing the revolution that has al-
never needed ideas so badly. ready overtaken it. The geographic bound-
Any consideration of the government of aries and historic charters that once created
urbanization comes down to two basic ques- obvious administrative divisions are no long-
tions: what is to be the jurisdiction and er of central importance. Rivers, bays and
structure of government? Who is to govern? mountains are no longer barriers to com-
It is clear that local governments are hard munication, nor does their presence automa-
pressed to cope with the pressures of urbani- tically create a community of interest. What
cation. The traditional view of the com- are some of the factors that bind communi-
munity as the center of work and play, or ties together? Functional interests have al-
public and private life has undergone drastic ready been the foundation for hundreds of
revision. No longer do many of our people new governmental units: agencies and boards
live and work in the same place. Our sub- to run airports and ports, to administer.reser-
urbs have been the site of a tremendous in- voirs, to build highways and to educate chil-
flux of population bringing with it demands dren. The resident of Boston is governed
for services, schools and recreational facili- not only by the city government, but by the.
ties. The industrial base that could help Massachusetts Port Authority, the Metropoli-
finance these needs has not come so quickly. tan District Commission, the Massachusetts
By the same token, the increase in commut- Bay Transportation Authority and a plethora
ing has brought a greater devotion of central of other boards and commission. It is ques-
city land to parking lots and garages which tionable whether the overlay of additional
generate less revenue for essential city serv- government units on top of traditional local
ices. Even when industry begins to follow government is an incentive or a barrier to
the flight to the suburbs the revenue balance sensible regional development. How can we
cannot be righted. combine community of interest with ease of
In large part the financial crisis of both administration?
city and suburb results from the reliance of It is arguable, for example, that the 21
these governmental units on the property towns that include portions of the Route
tax as the principal source of revenue. We 128 complex within its boundaries is less able
have already noted the weakness of this base. to govern that area than some sort of func-
We should also note that in the City of Bos- tional administrative unit. No doubt the
ton, for example, more than 36?. of the land 574 firms and their 54,500 employees have a
is exempt from property taxation. great deal in common, perhaps more so than
We also see local governments competing with other members of their present geo-
for external sources of revenue. States com- graphic communities. But by the same
pete for the revenue generated by residents token, these firms and individuals share but
whose place of employment is located outside one basic interest. There are others which
the state. Cities compete with suburbs and they share with members of their present
up-state areas for their share of state reve- communities, perhaps to a greater degree. It
nue. And all of this takes place within the is here, it seems to me that the concept of
framework of increasing federal contribu- functional government breaks down,
tions to the solution of urban problems. We must seek the proper mix between func-
Many communities have found that the fed- tional and geographic limits in the assign-
eral matching grant programs restrict their meat of responsibility for urban government
freedom to budget because they feel they and administration. The alternatives for
must earmark available funds to programs local government are at least three. The first
that will generate federal dollars even though is anexation. A city can simply keep acquir-
other more pressing needs should be met. ing land and welding it into a single admin-
It is becoming increasingly clear that our istrative unit. This cannot go on indefinite-
cities mu$t either receive considerably more ly however, particularly in an areas as large
help from other levels of government, or be as megalopolis, where appropriate adminis-
granted power to raise additional revenue on trative divisions cross state boundaries.
their own. The second alternative is delegation of
One possible source of assistance immedi- governmental power to specific administra-
ately comes to mind. As the Heller Plan for tive units. This approach has tremendous
the sharing of federal revenue with the states utility as we have seen with the New York
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''bur economic aid, and our military aid, I am very proud to extend best wishes Suddenly wheeling, he kicked Capt. Parley
has been given in response to requests from to the Government and people of the in the chest. He died that night.
the Government of Vietnam, The Security Philippines and congratulate them on Ellen Goldrick Farley, Jim's mother, could
Council of the United Nations . was .informesi their anniversary. neither a schooner nor brickyards.
of our decision to give military assistance. Capt. Farley left no debts, small assets,
Australia is not the only member of SEATO sturdy bodies, an honorable name, and a
giving assistance to the Republic of Vietnam: . great mother for his boys.
the T lted States of America, New Zealand, Jim promised his mother he would never
and Thailand Sw. Anlna n ml,,.
S
g
on
er
u
or
of I{orea, which is not a member, of SEATO, ~~?~ a u eunuuc urlnx, ana ne never has.
He doesn't smoke either. These are tremen-
is supplyine forces -
HON
EUGENE J
KEOGH
.
.
Salute to Republic of the Philippines
Independence Anniversary
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ADAM C. POWELL
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 9, 1966
Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on June
12, the people of the Philippine Republic
will celebrate their, independence anni-
versary. I am proud to extend my con-
gratulations and warm felicitations to
His Excellency Ferdinand E. Marcos,
President of the Philippines; and to His
Excellency Oscar Ledesma, the Philip-
pine Ambassador to the United States.
The Republic has always been a source
of inspiration to me because since it was
granted its freedom from the United
States in 1946 the Filipino people have
upheld the faith and hope that we in
America had in them. They have also
remained in high esteem as trusted
friends of the American people: The
dedication and hard work and sacrifice
of such famous Filipino heroes as Emilio
Aguinaldo, Manuel Luiz Quezon, Sergio
Osmefia, and Ramon Magsaysay have
borne fruit in a thriving and prosperous
Philippine Republic.
During the Spanish-American War the
United States gained control over the
Philippines. It was long our intention to
encourage the growth of truly demo-
cratic institutions and popular govern-
ment in the territory. The people
learned their lesson well, and on July 4,
1946, our beloved stars and stripes were
lowered and the flag of the independent
and sovereign Philippine Republic was
hoisted. The Republic now recognizes
June 12 as its independence anniversary,
and each yearly celebration finds the
people that much richer and fuller in
the experience of directing their own
affairs.
America and the Philippines have long
enjoyed warm relations and those ties
haveydrawn even closer as a result of
fighting together against the Japanese
during World War II and against the
Communist _forces in Korea. Stability
in areas such as southeast Asia depends
largely on the success or lack thereof
registered by countries like the Philip-
pines. It is my fervent hope that the
Philippines, entering a new year of in-
dependence, will continue to register the
achievement and progress it so earnestly
seeks.
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 9, 1966
Mr. KEOGH. Mr. Speaker, under
leave to extend my remarks in the REC-
oiiD, I include the following article from
the Rome Daily American of June 2,
1966, with reference to Hon. James A.
Farley, chairman of the board of the
Coca-Cola Export Corp.:
STILL A GREAT BIG WONDERFUL WORLD
(By Ernest Cuneo)
NEW YORK,-Big Jim Farley was 78 years
old this week. He celebrated it with his usual
78-hour week. Since his last birthday, he
has attended 125 dinners and 70 luncheons
at many of which he was principal speaker.
He also traveled 60,000 miles by land, sea,
and air, visiting 20 countries, including all
European capitals, all Central American capi-
tals, and the principal cities of Mexico.
He reads the box scores of every major
league ball game-without glasses-as part
of his habit of reading at least four news-
papers every day.
He is 6-feet 3-inches tall, literally in the
well-known pink, and his 205 pounds haven't
varied in the last 20 years.
He has a most peculiar walk, one of very
quick and very short steps. His towering
figure seems to scoot through the New York
winds, in spite of the fact that he is inter-
rupted every 10 paces by someone who wants
to shake his hand. Perhaps no man since
Daniel Webster's Boston has so much re-
ceived the adulation of a city.
New Yorkers give him the respect accorded
Al Smith and the affection bestowed of Jim-
my Walker.
There is an astonishing simplicity about
this most sophisticated of men. He still has
the clean wholesomeness of the lanky coun-
try boy who played first base for the town
team 60 years ago. He brought this same
zest to nnlltlac
The Democratic Party was his team, and
he gave it all he had.
From 8 a.m. every morning till six at night,
he's in there pitching for his current team,
Coca-Cola export. He's head of it, but he
puts on no airs. He calls himself a salesman,
and sell he does.
His office is crowded with affectionate
greetings from popes to presidents, and from
mail-carriers to matadors. All look as pleased
as if they had just paused to refresh.
The Hudson River was brimming with the
melting snows of the Great Blizzard of 1888
when Jim Parley uttered his birth-cry. As
Damon Runyon would have said, it's 8 to 5
it was a shout of joy at being alive.
His enthusiasm has mounted ever since.
All of humanity is his team, and he's glad to
be on it. He not only likes people; he relishes
them.
Jim was the second of five boys. His
father was a Hudson River schooner captain,
sailing bricks down to New York City. He
prospered. He bought two small brickyards.
But just before Jim was 10, his father went
out to harness the horse to go to a neighbor's
funeral. The halter was long, the horse
frisky.
till a Great Bi
W
d
f
l W
ld
tnat it is a source of never-ending wonder
to Jim that men will drink whiskey, when a
bottle of you-know-what is immediately at
hand.
For the sake of his friends, the company
should put out a double-strength Farley-
sized pinch bottle for men who need brac-
ing as well as a pause.
Jim wanted to be town clerk. An Irish-
American Catholic Democrat stood as much
chance in the rock-ribbed Republican town
of Grassy Point then as Mao Tse-tung stands
of being elected governor of Utah now.
But Jim took to the mails. Apparently,
Republicans like to receive letters because
they elected him.
This started the most unbelievable ro-
mance in history between Jim Parley and
the U.S. mails. He became postmaster-gen-
eral of the United States, then practically
a concomitant of being chairman of the
Democratic National Committee. He de-
served it as its chief customer alone.
Being at the head of the Post Office De-
partment did not soothe his letter-writing
propensities; it inflamed them. Following
the 1932 campaign, he signed 22,000 first-
name letters of thanks; in 1936, 27,000, And
not when he got around to it; immediately.
Within a week after election, there were
27,000 families in thousands of cities and
villages proudly exhibiting the letters of
thanks with the famous green-ink signature.
Farley, a boy who never graduated from
high school, has 22 honorary degrees. He,
with President Herbert Hoover, were the two
distinguished members of both parties se-
lected to reorganize the U.S. executive de-
partment.
He has served on New York State's sacro-
sanct Banking Commission, and Its Boxing
Commission, and is currently on its Racing
Commission. He can discuss as an expert
whether foreign trade will expand. (He
thinks it will multiply) or whether Mickey
Mantle is swinging too hard. (He thinks he
is).
-17" us a matter or routine, every major
league player rounding first base at Yankee
Stadium waves to Jim Farley in his box by
the baseline.
About 10,000 letters poured into his office
this week. The whole world waved to Jim
Farley on his birthday.
And Big Jim beamed back. To him, it was
a great big wonderful world. And, of course,
things go even better with Coke.
Tax Treatment of Employees Reimbursed
Moving Expenses
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES A. BURKE
QF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 9, 1966
Mr. BURKE. Mr. Speaker, on Feb-
ruary 24, 1966, I introduced H.R. 13070,
to exclude from income certain reim-
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Approved F g Qil/1#,E 67IPIpq 0400080014-U'une 9, 1966
bulled moving expenses. Since that date
30 of my colleagues have joined in sup-
port of this legislation and have intro-
duced similar measures to correct the in-
equity created by the Internal Revenue
Rul131g 54-429.
Following is an article taken from the
Wall Street Journal of June 8, 1966,
which I believe points out the ` impor-
tance of this legislation:
A TAX ON FLEXIBILITY
With so much headline-catching legisla-
tion in Congress, few people are likely to pay
much attention to a pending bill to liberalize
tax treatment of employees' moving expenses.
That's unfortunate, since the present rules
are not only unfair to individuals and com-
panies but to some extent are even lessening
the' economy's ability to adjust to change.
Under present regulations an employe can
exclude from his taxable income only the
actual amount his employer pays to move
him, his family and his possessions to a job
in another city. If his company, prior to the
actual move, finances a house-hunting trip
or arranges a hotel room for a few days until
he can find a new home, he must report these
and any similar outlays as income on his tax
'return.
The unfairness of this approach is clear
to anyone who ever has been moved from one
city to another by his employer. A trans-
ferred employe can avoid a house-hunt, for
example, only by quitting his job or by re-
fusing to move, which in some cases may
amount to the same thing.
Some companies get around the problem
by paying an about-to-move employe an al-
lowance over and above his necessary ex-
penses, just to cover his taxes. But smaller
or less prosperous firms can't always afford
to be so generous. The present procedure, in
other words, discriminates in favor of big,
thriving businesses-a rather unusual atti-
tude for Washington,
k The impact of the current rules cannot be
measured precisely. Yet some employes un-
questionably have become more reluctant to
move, and some companies are either less
willing or able to make the most productive
use of their staffs.
Aware of the difficulties, bipartisan groups
in both houses of Congress have introduced
corrective legislation. Even if the bill can
find its way to the top of a crowded Congres-
sional, calendar, though, it still faces the
Treasry's opposition to tax measures in-
volving a potential loss of a bit of revenue.
As a matter of fact, this tax on the econ-
omy's flexibility may be costing more in rev-
enue than its repeal would lose. However
that may be, no argument-financial or oth-
erwise-is strong enough to sustain so ob-
vious an inequity.
In confirmation of the above remarks,
I would also like to include excerpts
from letters now on file in my office re-
ceived from individuals from all parts
of the country citing their own personal
experiences and losses incurred by com-
pany moves:
similar duties in the New York City area.
A rough estimate of my presently taxable
expenses incidental to the sale of my present
home, purchase of a new one, etc. Is about
$5,500.00.. Since these reimbursements are
treated as personal income and subjected to
the maximum tax percentage in my income
bracket, my transfer will cost me about
$1,600.00."
"It is estimated that my transfer to Chi-
cago will cost approximately $2,000 additional
income tax on monies the Company reim-
bursed me for commission on my house sale
and other related cost of moving. It takes
a sizable promotional. increase to be able to
recapture $2,000 worth of-income tax, which
in my opinion was not really income to me
but just reimbursement of expenses I in-
curred due to this move."
Listed above are only a few of the
many examples brought to my attention
during the past few months. Recent
surveys indicate that annually 150,000
persons employed by private industry;
35,000 persons employed by the Federal
Government and 340,000 persons trans-
ferred by the Armed Services are affected
financially by the present ruling.
I wish to thank those of my colleagues
who have joined with me in sponsoring
this remedial legislation and respectfully
urge the support and efforts of all Mem-
bers of Congress in the enactment of this
bill.
Chicago Rebuilds Loop Area Under
Leadership of Mayor Daley
CHANGING CHICAGO: AN "UNBELIEVABLE CITY"
(By Alver Carlson)
CHICAGO: "This unbelievable city can only
be described as an architectural laboratory.
When I return home, and am asked what I
saw in America, I will say I saw Chicago."
This statement, made last week by a young
Dutch journalist on tour throughout the
United States on a university fellowship, was
perhaps a bit overblown.
But Chicago today, despite its weaknesses,
is a city with a face that has changed more
in the last eight years than at any time
since Mrs. O'Leary's cow put her foot down.
The most recent major building announce-
ment gives a key to the pattern which a
La Salle Street businessman once discribed
thus:- "It must be different, it must be dra-
matic, and it must be privately financed."
YEAR 1969 COMPLETION TARGET
The project, twin 40-story towers on
Wabash Avenue, will sharply alter the city's
skyline. It is scheduled to be completed by
1969.
One structure will be an 800-room hotel.,
The other will be an office building with
700,00 square feet of rentable area
The plans also call for the construction of
two 10-story parking facilities between the
two buildings. Builder John J. Mack esti-
mated the cost of the complex at $40,000,000.
But there is more involved.
Chicago's central city is called the Loop
after a rapid transit elevated system that
circles it. This transit system has made it
difficult for the area to shift or sprawl.
With the announcement of the twin
towers, the city said it is studying, with a
government grant, ways to remove the u.gle
old "L" structure. Part of it goes down the
street where the new buildings wil rise.
(Most of the trains which once used the
"L" tracks now run through two subway
tubes.)
The most interesting part of the Loop's
renewal is that it has been done without a
single dollar of federal urban renewal aid.
FEDERAL AID ELSEWHERE
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. FRANK ANNUNZIO
OF ILLINOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, June 9, 1966
Mr. ANNUNZIO. Mr. Speaker, dur-
ing the past year, many newspapers and
periodicals throughout our country have
reported extensively on the giant strides
that Chicago is making toward eliminat-
ing its slums, improving its highways,
and rebuilding the loop area, which I
have the honor to represent in the
Congress.
Under the bold and dedicated leader-
ship of Hon. Richard J. Daley, mayor of
our city of Chicago, tremendous strides
have been made and much has been
accomplished.
What is not a commonly known fact,
however, is that the rebuilding of the
inner loop area has been accomplished
without a single dollar of Federal urban
renewal aid. In other major cities, such
as New York and Philadelphia, more
than two-thirds of the money spent for
rebuilding portions of the central city
came from Federal grants. Chicago,
instead, has used only private funds for
In the years between 1958 and 1985 the
district saw completion of $297,000,000 worth
of office buildings with another $117,500,000
under construction. Civic and public build-
ings accounted for another $103,710,000,
with $53,840,000 worth of such construction
under way.
Total construction figures that include
stores, hotels and motels, and garages, show
that an estimated $1 billion worth has been
completed, is under way, or has been an-
nounced since 1958. This is an area under
100 acres.
At about the same time, in New York,
Philadelphia, Baltimore, Washington, Bos-
ton, Cleveland, St. Louis, Denver, San Fran-
cisco, and other cities two-thirds of the
money used to tear down and rebuild por-
tions of their central areas came from fed-
eral grants, according to sources here.
The national spotlight focused on their
Charles Centers and Penn Centers, and vir-
tually ignored the Chicago approach that
was achieving the same result.
While, this city was certainly in favor of
federal aid, it preferred to concentrate use
of the funds on the slums that surrounded
the Loop, which had been spreading ten-
tacles of despair into the central city itself.
More than $550,000,000 has been spent or is
rivate
d
t
,,in January of 1965, my company trans-
ferred me to Chicago from the West Coast.
Last year I was assessed over $500.00 on ex-
pense allowed me by my company for such
costs as storage, house hunting trips, meals
while living away from my family for three
months, plus shelter cost for the same period,
and other miscellaneous costs when my fam-
ily was finally able to join me. This past
month I finally sold my home in Tacoma, so
my income tax for 1966 will show an addi-
tional cost of over $400.00 for the expenses
allowed me by my company in connection
with the selling of this residence."
"'Effective March 7th, I was transferred
from my position In Philadelphia to assume
an
p
improving the downtown loop area. Of being spent by the governmen
course, our great city has utilized Federal developers to rip out slums and replace them
with decent, modern housing.
funds, but only for eliminating slums and SLUM CLEARANCE STRESSED
rebuilding outside of the central city, or Chicago had decided to put housing and
loop area. slum clearance ahead of the central area,
It is my pleasure to include in the Come- rightly judging that the great commercial
GRESSIONAL RECORD an article which ap- Loop would look to itself.
geared on June 6 in the Christian Science Thus the Chicago pattern of central re-
Monitor discussing the singular success building became different. It can be de-
achieved by Chicago's unusual approach scribed as partly sectional and partly piece-
to urban renewal. The article follows: meal.
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June 9, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
It seems unfortunate now that at than combat soldiers in the course of
Honolulu our President embraced Ky. this fighting. U Thant's counsel should
Very definitely, when Ky talks of bring- be followed by our leaders. If it is fol-
ing democracy to South Vietnam, his lowed it seems probable that the. tragic
record is very much against his state- . depopulation of Vietnam and loss of
ments. It has been a year since 10 gen- American lives will be brought to an
erals, in a coup, overturned the civilian end. Let us hope that such a conference
government at Saigon and Installed Ky will result in the neutralization of Viet-
as Prime Minister. Instead of carrying nam and bring tranquility to southeast
out land reforms which had been in- Asia. Unfortunately, it has been re-
augurated some years previously, this jected in the past.
militarist regime has canceled what lit- The simple truth is entirely different
tle progress has been made. than the propaganda which has been
Vietnam Is of no strategic or economic fed to the American people. In this con-
importance to the defense of the United nection, I ask unanimous consent that
States. Yet, our involvement there with a recent editorial in the St. Louis Post-
armed forces of more than 300,000 men Dispatch entitled "U Thant's Counsel"
has turned this Vietnam civil war into be printed in the RECORD at this point.
an American war. The growing inten- There being no objection, the editorial
sity is terrifying. We should embrace was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
and not reject efforts made by U.N. Sec- as follows:
retary General U Thant to bring about [From the St. Louis Post-Dispatch]
an armistice. U THANT'S COUNSEL
When Prime Minister Ky talks about
elections in South Vietnam, he is in fact
not talking about fair elections. It is re-
ported that a condition laid down Is that
no member of the National Liberation
Front may vote. Also, he has laid down
the condition that no neutralist may
vote. He is rigging the elections before
making any definite plans for such elec-
tions. The International Control Com-
mission, consisting of representatives of
Poland, India, and Canada, set up in the
Geneva agreements, is without a doubt
the best body to supervise any elections
If they are willing to undertake the task.
In the search for peace we should seek
immediate deescalation of the war. Our
first step should be to halt the bombings
of North Vietnam and to offer to nego-
tiate for settlement if representatives of
Hanoi agree to consider a conference on
the basis that delegates representing the
four parties involved in this Vietnam
civil war participate. There should be
no objection on our part for the Hanoi
and Saigon governments to be repre-
sented by the same number of delegates
and these delegates to meet with an iden-
tical number of delegates representing
the Vietcong, or National Liberation
Front, and the United States. Such a
conference should be arranged to con-
vene in some Asiatic city.
Without a doubt, no armistice agree-
ment could be successful and binding
except with the support of international
guarantees through the reconvening of
the Geneva conference or under the au-
thority of the International Control
Commission. 'A drawback, perhaps, to
having international guarantees super-
vised through the United Nations is that
to this good hour Communist China has
not been admitted into the United Na-
tions. -
This administration certainly should
take the initiative in sounding out lead-
ers of Asiatic nations regarding some
realistic method of ending this blood-
shed. For every Vietcong who has been
killed and for every soldier of the so-
called friendly forces of Vietnam, ARVN,
undoubtedly more civilians-men, wom-
en, and children-have been killed, many
by, our napalm bombing. It has been
estimated that four times as many ci-
vilians have had their lives snuffed out
Approved
Truth, as U Thant once observed, is one of
the first victims of war. His words were con-
firmed once again this week as Secretary of
State Rusk and Vice President HUMPIiREY
once again proclaimed the Administration's
dedication to the search for peace in Viet
Nam. Mr. Rusk repeated his offer to go to
Geneva whenever anybody was there to nego-
tiate with. Mr. HUMPI1REY detailed anew the
various peace offensives of the past and de-
voutly adopted U Thant's "prayer and wish"
for peace as our own.
What is the simple truth? It is that the
Administration spurned peace talk feelers re-
peatedly in 1964 and 1965. It is that U
Thant's own efforts to arrange talks have
been repeatedly and roughly rejected. It is
that while publicly taking no sides in South
Viet Nam's political turmoil the Administra-
tion has thrown every resource into the un-
dercover support of a Saigon military junta
whose first article of faith is an utter rejec-
tion of peace negotiations, It is that while
paying lip-service to U Thant's "prayer and
wish" the Administration obstinately refuses
to heed U Thant's realistic counsel on the
steps necessary to make peace.
The Secretary General of the UN renewed
that counsel in his moving address to the
Amalgamated Clothing Workers this week.
Military methods, he said, will not restore
peace; President Johnson once agreed with
that. ( "This war must be stopped," said U
Thant, "on the initiative of the participants,
lest it get out of hand. And he repeated
what he has often said, that the necessary
conditions for peace include a return to the
Geneva agreements, which were based on the
principle -of military neutralization of all
Viet Nam; a prior scaling down of military
operations (which would include an end to
the bombing of North Viet Nam) ; and an
agreement to negotiate with the actual com-
batants-in other words, the National Liber-
ation Front as well as North Viet Nam.
These steps are reasonable if peace is gen-
uinely the objective. So long as the United
States rejects U Thant's counsel, which ex-
presses the conscience of the world organi-
zation to which We so often pay verbal trib-
ute, our verbal reiteration of peaceful inten-
tions will fall on unbelieving ears through-
out the world.
Some Americans, in bitter frustration, feel
that the strands of history have become so
hopelessly entangled that nothing can now
be done to unravel an unwanted war. This
seems plausible only in the context of the
Administration's present policy, which is to
back the Ky government's violent suppres-
sion of popular yearnings for peace and to
continue escalation of the war.
If the basic decision were made to accept
a negotiated settlement instead of chasing
For Release 2005/07/13 CIA-RDP67B00446R000400080014-5
the illusion of military victory; If we sup-
ported the Viet Namese forces that favor
reconciliation, rather than an armed dicta-
torship which opposes it; if we adopted as
our policy the establishment of a com-
promise, neutral government permitting our
ultimate withdrawal, instead of trying to
establish an anti-Communist government
that could only exist under our permanent
military protection-in this context, many
doors to peace and mediation would open.
No vital national Interest of ours keeps
the doors closed. It is pride and arrogance
and illusion-the illusion that we are en-
gaged In a holy ideological war. U Thant is
right in saying that the somber course of
events has probably left to the Viet Namese
people no Ideology at all except a passion for
national identity or even survival. He is
right in saying that no government or peo-
ple is "likely to lose in stature or dignity or
Worldly advantage" from coming to terms
with the world In which we actually live.
He is right in calling upon those who have
the power and the responsibility "to- search
objectively and without rancor for ways to
end this historic tragedy."
RESIDUAL OIL QUOTAS
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, I am
in receipt of a letter from the New Eng-
land Council under date of May 31, 1966,
which I think will be of considerable
interest to my fellow Senators who have
been concerned with the residual oil
quota situation over the past several
years.
The letter reads as follows:
THE NEW ENGLAND COUNCIL,
Washington, D.C., May 31,1966.
HOn. JOHN 0. PASTORE,
U.S. Senate, '
New Senate Office Building,
Washington, D.C.
DEAR SENATOR PASTORS: You will be
pleased to know that directly as a result
of your efforts in securing removal of resid-
ual oil quotas last month, the cost of resid-
ual oil to the consumer in New England has
been restored to normal levels.
Quotations last week were down 35 cents
a barrel from the period immediately be-
fore quotas were removed. There is now
little, if any, difference between the world
market price and the price charged to the
New England consumer, In other words,
the premium which the controls and the
ticket system had added to the price of oil
has disappeared,
it was our contention while the rigid
quotas were in existence that the New
England consumer was paying at least a 30
cent per barrel premium because of the
controls. It would appear that this was a
conservative estimate. Based upon our ex-
perience with what has happened over the
past several weeks, it is reasonable to pro-
ject that New England consumers will be
saved over $30 million this year alone.
You certainly have reason to be proud of
this accomplishment.
Beat personal regards.
Sincerely yours,
COLSON,
I do not think that this credit belongs
to me. I do not think that this credit
belongs to any group of individuals. I
think It belongs to everyone who has
been in this fight, particularly the Sec-
retary of the Interior, Stewart Udall,
who has been in the vanguard of this
crusade, and his brilliant assistant, J.
Cordell Moore, Assistant Secretary of the
Interior.
Mr. President, we have said right along
that if this artificial system of distribu-