OUR VIET SEARCH AND DESTROY STRATEGY PAYS OFF

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400110004-2
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 4
• Publication Date: September 27, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

September 27, Approved ForRelease -RQP 7. Q3 R000400110004-2 A4981
aged. For example, as much emphasis Man is not so wedded to his own interest rank and file to ease the high cost of cam-
is placed on aid to the blind as is placed but that he can make the common good the paigning? This would make it easier to hold
mark of his aim. each candidate to a strict accounting for his
on obtaining foster b fan f income and outlays before his constituents.
abandoned and trouuble led infants. . Thhe The
helpless of all kinds, when helped, means Tax Deduction for Political Contributions?
that the family as a unit is helped. This Pfc. Chester S. Hughes
can plainly be seen when we consider EXTENSION OF REMARKS
how a marriage can be held together by of EXTENSION OF REMARKS
v dual from it unmanageable. that Services are this his HON. SPARK M. MATSUNAGA OF
nature unmanageable. HON. JAMES H. (JIMMY) QUILLEN
naturre e are like pebbles thrown into this
the OF HAWAII
waters, where the waves spread forward OF TENNESSEE
even unto the farthest shores. The ben- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
efits are incalculable, affecting those who Tuesday, September 27, 1966 HE HOUSE REPer SE, T AT Monday, are as yet unborn. Some measure of Mr. MATSUNAGA. Mr. Speaker, the
insight into the work Of the bureau can Washington Post yesterday carried an Mr. QUILLEN. Mr. Speaker, under
be gleahigfrom the outline p of some se- editorial which I am sure expresses the unanimous consent I insert at this point
of service rvice s of t this p community: hundred sentiment of many of us Members of in the RECORD a letter which was written
lected
years 1866, , opened to grog house for Congress. It supports the idea of en- to the editor of the Bristol, Tenn., Herald
years
In 1866, lodging house l couraging small contributions to political Courier by Pfc. Chester S. Hughes, son
dome cogs. Established foster chi- campaigns by making such contribu- of Mr. and Mrs. Horace Hughes, of Route
drIn services. tions tax deductible. 5, Bristol, Tenn.
In 1n young established industrial schools My own State of Hawaii, I am proud I do not know where Private Hughes
o gg train for children renpof Opened kinder- . to say, has seen the wisdom of this obtained his information about a Com-
arten for hiaen of working mothers. course. Accordingly, as a representa- munist Party in North Carolina which
Year 1890 ed mil program t . distrib- tive to Congress from Hawaii, I have aids the Vietcong, but I am very familiar,
ute pasteurized ak to rfnts introduced a bill, H.R. 13936, to effectu- as are all of us, with the comments by
In 25 volunteer aid lawyers. needy started ate the same desirable situation at the those in high governmental positions and
with 2. Federal level. the demonstrations all over the country
In 1908, Jewish branch reorganized as It is my hope that the bill will gain that have advocated appeasement with
independe runner o of f Je Jewish h Fa Family ly Servic Societe. es, fore- the proper attention of the Ways and the Vietcong, and I can well understand
runner young soldier's feelings.
In, 1910, organized housing committee Means Committee early next session I am sure that many, many Americans
to improve housing conditions. when reintroduced. could write and answer Private Hughes'
are Hughes,
In 1912, established school lunch pro- For the perusal of my colleagues I could n regarding anan why Private
gram for undernourished children. Include the editorial in the RECORD: here, and I hope that many will wing
In 1912, started free employment sere- HIGH COST OF CAMPAIGNS their friends and tell them in their own
ice for the needy. The public response to reports of astro- words why we support our men in Viet-
In 1913, established home teaching for nomical campaign expenditures seems to be been pos-
the blind and disabled, and sheltered a combination of shock and apthy. In part Dam. I only wish sh that at it it had but notice
workshops for the handicapped. the public indignation is misplaced. It stems si his oeath in Vietnam was re but d ace
The year 1916 provided nursing, am- from the lingering assumption that all use most simultaneously with his lettev
bulance and other medical service to of money in politics is evil. Actually, of
3,600 victims of Brooklyn's worst infan- course, men who run for office have en- We must not let other American boys
countered spiraling costs no less than hos- die like this-wondering whether or not
tile paralysis epidemic. pitals, service industries and others. At the those of us here at home care. We must
In 1919, nursing affiliate reorganized same time the rapid growth of population support our fighting men to the fullest
as independent Visiting Nurse Associa- has made it more costly to reach all the extent.
tion of Brooklyn. voters. And the increased affluence of our In closing, I again extend my deepest
In 1920, established Shelter Island society has encouraged new methods of sympathy to Mr, and Mrs. Hughes and
summer camp, now used for the aged and soliciting votes by larger groups of candi- dates. their family.
handicapped. These are not in themselves evil tendencies, The letter follows:
In they 1930 distributed - and there is nothing bad about spending LETTER FROM VIETNAM
770,000 in reelse lief to v v icti ictims s of of the the depres- money to inform voters about the issues The following letter was received by the
silo, in a campaign. The use of money in a cam- Bristol Herald Courier last week:
In 1946, tuberculosis committee reor- paign becomes a problem only when it is so "SOUTH VIETNAM.
ganized as independent Brooklyn Tuber- excessive as to suggest that the candidate "To the EDITOR:
culosis & Health Association. is trying to buy his way into office. This evil "I am currently serving a 13-month tour
In 1954, established homemaker serv- is multiplied when the campaign funds come in Viet Nam.
from sources that may expect to gain finan- "The other day it was brought to my at-
ice to help families disrupted by illness cially from having the beneficiary of their tention that, in America in the southern
stay together. contributions in public office. state of North Carolina, there is a Com-
In 1964, printed first braille cookbook The whole question of financing political munist Party which is sending blood plasma,
of convenience foods. campaigns would be on a sounder basis if bandages, etc., to the North Vietnamese Com-
In 1966, major building program in- the states as well as the Federal Government munist regime.
allowed tax exemption for small campaign "Sir, I cannot understand how you people
creases capacity of sheltered workshops contributions. A recent survey showed that let something like that go on right under
by 50 percent-grant from New York only Minnesota, California, Missouri and your noses and do nothing about it.
State Division of Vocational Rehabilita- Hawaii use this means of relieving candidates "You then watch your brothers and sons
tion, from the temptation to rely upon fatcats come over here and expect them to return
Society is indebted to the Brooklyn and concealed corporate financing. Presi- home safely.
Bureau of Social Service and Children's dent Johnson is trying, so far in vain, to get these young men returning?
this principle established in Federal law. ""To What . what are are es fiun for over berg?
Aid Society. Remember that in this The other highly constructive step which g g
mobile society, the beneficiaries of their the states could take would be to improve If that's what the people of the United States
services may long have left Brooklyn and present reporting requirements. Many states think about us being over here, why should
moved to other States. As rehabilitated have some provisions for publicizing political we waste 13 months, and maybe lose our
-citizens, they serve their newly adopted contributions and expenditures, but few Of lives, fighting over here?
fellow Marines and I have discussed
States in a way they could not have done them inquire into the accuracy of the reports "My
before. Hence, the significance of the they receive. In some instances the- inade- this and we are writing to our local news-
work of the bureau reaches far beyond quacies of the reports and the multiplicity -papers to have this printed so that the people
of political committees lead to concealment who read this may write and give us their
the Stata e of N of New eries of Brooklyn and even the of information instead of public enlighten- opinion on why we are fighting here.
Sta fork. ment. "Maybe one of them can restore our faith
As John Wise-how apt a name-said How long will it take the states to see the in the people of the U.S.
In 1776: wisdom of encouraging political giving by the "Pfc. CHESTER S. HUGHES:'
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 (EDITOR'S NOTE,-Pfc. Chester S. Hughes ideally favorable to the enemy when the overly generous. As a matter of fact,
was serving yiith the 3rd Marine Division. 324-B division sent its first six battalions the assistance it will give to its bene-
The son of Mr. and Mrs. Horace Hughes of into Quang Tri at some moment in June.
h
Route 5, Bristol, Tennessee, he was killed by On the other hand, the two divisions of
ries is strictly minimal. On the
it land mine near Da Nan
i
Mo
ot
e
g prov
nce
nday.) South Vietnamese troops in this corps area other hand, I am conscious of the fact
._. held been serio
l,
ff
t
th .~+ nt,nv. +i,i.. lA...i ~..a ,..Y _.___~ _r _
us
a
e
ed by the
V
ur Viet Search and Destroy Strategy
Pays Off
'HON. JOHN M. MURPHY
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
IN THE MOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 2,7, 1966
Mr. MURPHY of. New York. Mr.
Speaker, under leave to extend my re-
marks in the RECORD, I include the fol-
lowing very perceptive article by Josep
Alsop which appeared in the New York
World Journal Tribune of September 26.
OUR VIET SEARCH AND DESTROY STRATEGY
PAYS OFF
(By Joseph Alsop)
DANANG.-If you examine the hard evi-
dence here in Da Nang, you have to conclude
that the war in Viet Nam is progressing con-
'siderably more hopefully than almost any-
one supposes at home. General Westmore-
land's "search and destroy" strategy, aimed
at the enemy's main forces, is clearly begin-
ning to produce major results.
Consider, to begin with, the present po-
sition here in the First Corps area. These
'five most northerly provinces of South Viet
Nam were the epicenter of the Buddhist
crisis only a few months ago. Today, more-
over, the top province of the tier, Quang Tri,
has become the new center of the war.
Here elements of two divisions of the North
Vietnamese regular army, the 324-B and
341st, have openly invaded South Viet Nam,,
marching straight across the allegedly de-
militarized zone. Until quite recently, open
invasion was the sole expedient that Hanoi
had not tried. But it is being tried now, with
sanguinary obstinacy, and both prisoners
and captured documents reveal that the aim
is to capture Quang Tri province.
On the face of It, the choice of Quang Tri
as the enemy's new prime objective looks
like strategic lunacy. In cold military terms,
it is in fact lunatic. This country is shaped
=e.a ---- ?ue lure rcnportant, tine nrst divi.. alice win raise costs to the Federal Gov-
sion had been rendered all but worthless for ernment by more than $101 million a
the time being. year, a very substantial figure at a time
On paper, on the other hand, the enemy when we are experiencing inflationary
already had most important main
forces in tendencies.
gan. To the southwards, a whole division, Actually, it is because so many prices
the 620th, was in a good position, to attack have risen as a result of the inflationary
the Marines at Chu Lai. In the north, an factors in the economy that we must
independent regiment, the Sixth V.C., was in provide assistance to the veterans and
good position to collaborate with the invad- their dependents who are subsisting on,
ing force. And still another regiment, the or who desperately 94th which mounted the famous attack on require, the very mod-
94th Ashau Special Forces camp, was also grate monthly non-service connected
carried on the order of battle though not veterans' pension.
located. I wish we could do more. Of course,
Even when he began deploying his bat- the House will be guided in this matter
talions northwards to handle the invading by the recommendations of the Commit-
force, the Impressive Marine commander, tee on Veterans' Affairs which is cer-
General Lewis Walt, already doubted the tainly conscious of the needs of our vet-
existence of the 94th Regiment- At the end
of the Ashau battle, the Special Forces camp erans and which has always been alert
was very publicly evacuated. Yet there- to and sympathetic to those needs. I
after the dead of the 94th Regiment were congratulate the committee for acting
left hanging on the barbed wire surround- speedily on this measure and bringing it
ink; the camp for months on end.. In this before the House for passage.
war, that is wholly unheard of. It points PROVISIONS OF BILL TO BENEFIT VETERANS AND
to a draw, in which we left Ashau and the WIDOWS
regiment simply came apart at the seams.
Certainly the 94th has not been heard of The bill would provide a cost of living
since. increase for all veterans and their de-
But as General Walt moved more and more pendents or survivors who are now re-
troops out of Chu Lai to join the fighting ceiving pensions under Public Law 88-
in Quang Tri, he was more and more appre- 211, as amended, the so-called new law.
hensive about the 620th Division, which was The rate increase is substantially higher
being offered such a were grave opportunity.
Furthermore, there were ave ve worries rries about out
for widows and widows with children in
the rear area of the Marines fighting in the lowest Income categories, reaching in
Quang Tri's eastern mountain chain; for here those cases as high as 8i/2 percent.
the main competition of the V. C. Sixth Regi- There is a $5 a month increase included
ment was the temporarily demoralized First for more than 56,000 widows of veterans
Vietnamese Division. of the Spanish-American and prior wars,
In the outcome, throughout all the long whose average age now is 84. Their
weeks of July and August, the Sixth Regi- pensions would increase from $65 a
ment made only one small and ineffectual
venture into combat while the 620th Divi- month to $70. There is also an increase
lion made no move whatever to exploit Its of $5 per month in the "house-bound" al-
golden chance. lowance under current law for veterans,
As a result, today, General Walt considers from $35 to $40 a month. A new "house-
that these units can be dramatically dis- bound" rate of $100 per month is estab-
counted, as having suffered too heavily in lished for veterans under the old pension
earlier fighting to get in proper combat trim law.
again.
like a long, thin snake. Quang Tri is the tip The "search and destroy" strategy is, at
of the snake's tail. And you cannot kill a bottom, it strategy of attrition. One cannot
snake by cutting off the tip of its tail. doubt that the attrition has begun to take
But by resorting to invasion, it is compara- a heavy toll of enemy fighting power, for
tively easy for Hanoi to mass a big, fresh if the enemy had the power, it was madness
force in Quang Tri, October, the month be- not to use it in July and August.
fore the American election, also happens to
be the month of Quang Tri's worst weather,
when our planes and helicopters will be con- Small Increases in Non-Service-Connected
siderably ha
di
T
n
capped.
he aim, in truth,
is not military;' it is political.
Hanoi obviously hopes to gain a big show-
victory-really badly cutting up an American
battalion, for instance-before the first
Tuesday after the first Monday in November.
Thereby, Hanoi further hopes to affect the
American election result, as Dienbienphu af-
Veterans' Pensions Can Be Stretched
Further by Participation in Food Stamp
Program in Areas Where Program
Operates
fected the French political patterns. And SPEECH
Quang Tri has been chosen for this purpose, OF
because of its special advantages above-
noted. HON. LEONOR K. SULLIVAN
If all goes well, pray God, Hanoi's hopes
are likely to be cruelly disappointed by the
Marines, who have been fighting and driving IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
back North Vietnamese invaders since early , Monday, September 19, 1966
in the summer. The pattern of this bril-
liantly successful fighting furthermore im- Mrs. SULLIVAN. Mr. Speaker, I am
plies even more about the enemy's true situa- delighted to vote for this bill to increase
tion than the extremely peculiar choice of benefits for veterans and their depend-
Quang Tri as the new main theater of war. ents receiving non-service-connected
On paper, in brief, conditions seemed pensions. I do not think this bill is
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Furthermore, a special aid and attend-
ance allowance of $50 per month is pro-
vided for widows receiving pensions under
Public Law 86-211, and also under the old
pension law, the Spanish-American War,
and prior wars, and who are found in
need of aid and attendance. The bill
also provides for presumption of perma-
nent and total disability for pension pur-
poses on attainment of age 65: for pre-
sumption of need for regular aid and at-
tendance for pensioners who are being
furnished nursing care in public or pri-
vate nursing homes; reduction of the 5-
year alternative marriage requirement
for widows to 1 year; exclusion of income
for pension purposes of amounts equal
to the sum paid by a wife for the last
illness of a veteran prior to his death,
and also for the last illness and burial
of a veteran's child. There are also
some special medical benefits for pen-
sioners entitled to regular aid and at-
tendance.
INCREASES MADE NECESSARY By HIGHER LIVING
COSTS
Many of us are disappointed that no
provision is made in this legislation to
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22938 WAS K"Arn
ct -
Question. Might the U.S. dollar also bene- Question. Could the U.B. dollar stand up it the V.S. were to announce that it would
Sty . under a s0 per cent devaluation of the not stand ready in the future to continue to
Answer. Total currency Swaps between the pound? Would the dollar be forced under? buy gold at $35 an ounce?
U.S. and 11 other nations and the Bank for Answer. A 30 per cent cut in the value of Answer. No, it would not. The gold still
International Settlements now aggregate 4.5 the pound, in my view, would trigger a would flood out of the country. World bank-
billion dollars, compared with 2.8 billion dol- chain reaction. All major countries-includ- ere would be delighted to give up paper
lars prior to the increase announced in mid- ing the U.S.-probably would have to re- dollars.
September. align their currencies. After all, the U.S. has been a net seller of
The added resources in foreign currencies Question. Devaluation of the dollar would gold in 12 our of the past 20 years-paying
arlY 12 billion dollars in gold to the
- out
lished b
th
y
e be accomp
could prove very useful if, in the future,
r
dollar should come under speculative attack. Answer. By raising the price cY gold, now rest the world.
, .. t
rr a Treasumoo at $35 an ounce. 1 P
-- ^
e
e
-
it
doll
th
- __
...., -_?
e
currency swaps from time to time to ease YOu Would cheapen
pressure on the dollar. At latest count, the less in terms of gold. vNtTED FOR PUBLIC DISCUSSION OF
U.S. was using 235 million dollars under these Question. If a dollar crisis or devaluation COURSE OF WAR IN VIETNAM
swap arrangements. should be forced, might that upset the U.S. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, one
Question. Is U.S. help for the pound put- economy-lead to a recession, or worse..
ting a strain on the dollar? Answer. I believe that a dollar crisis would of our most distinguished and experi-
Answer.a It seems clear that the support have serious effects upon the American econ- enced statesmen, George F. Kennan, has
of sterling does place an added strain on the omy. Given such a situation, the securities Written a letter to the New York Times
American international monetary position. markets would be under the pressure of for- which was published in that newsapaper
The U.S. provides support in the form of eign selling, the commercial banks would lose on September 25. I ask unanimous con-
dollars to the British. These dollars are used deposits, a mounting gold outflow would sent that it be printed in the RECORD at
to purchase sterling. further weaken confidence in the dollar the conclusion of my remarks.
The supply of dollars in foreign hands is abroad and possibly at home, and fear that Th PRESIDING OFFICER. Without
thereby increased and as a result, the incen- the dollar might be devalued would pose
tive to convert dollars into gold increases. great uncertainties for business and financial objection, it is so ordered.
. Question. Do European bankers feel that, transactions, especially those with other (See exhibit 1.)
in supporting the British pound, the U.S. is countries. Mr. FULBRIGHT. Mr. President, Mr.'
sending good money after bad? Given a major dollar crisis, the Govern Kennan urges a new round of public
Answer,, I am sure that quite a few Euro- ment would find it necessary to intervene discussion of our course in Vietnam be-
peans peans are convinced that the present parity with a highly restrictive program, if the dol- 'cause of the "strong possibility that we
of sterling cannot be supported and that, lar were to be defended. Such a program be approaching the point of no re-
consequently, the U.S: is sending good money would have adverse effects upon business may n be the pact toward major war, the
after bad. activity in the United States. tur in
Question:. Is this a majority view among Question. This sounds like a pretty gloomy growing apprehension in world opinion,
Europeans? prospect. Have other countries been forced and the current session of the U.N. Gen-
Answer. I cannot say as to the majority to take such strong medicine? eral Assembly."
view, but there clearly is an underlying lack Answer. Yes, indeed. For those who do not see the impor-
of confidence in sterling. Notwithstanding Both Canada and Italy were forced to pull tance of heeding world opinion, or the
this feeling I sense that European bankers in their economic belts to defend their cur-
recognize the need to try to forestall a de- rencies. The United Kingdom provides an expre has at he United answer
valuation of sterling, and are willing to com- excellent present-day illustration of the sort Mat requires the humility of intIOS er
mit resources to this end. of drastic action that a country may be
IF POUND IS DEVALUED forced to undertake higher taxes, ration- tion. In his usually articulate way, Mr.
Question. What might' Great Britain ing of credit, very high interest rates, con- Kennan wrote the Times:
achieve if the pound were devalued? trols over foreign investment, controls over I stress international opinion, and partic-
Answer, The. majority view in Europe, in incomes and prices, limitations on tourist ularly the views expressed by Pope Paul and
my judgment, is that a devaluation of ster- spending, and the like. This program will Secretary General Thant. For while we ob-
ling would be of little real benefit to the U.K., mean lower levels of business activity and in- viously must continue to bear the major
even in the short run, and would probably be creased unemployment in Great Britain. measure of responsibility for our own course,
of no lasting benefit. Question. Is the feeling in Europe that the a nation whose very claim to independence
While a 'devaluation would reduce the cost dollar itself is on the way to forced deval- was founded on "a decent respect to the
of British exports to a foreign buyer, it would uation? opinions of mankind" owes it to itself to
also raise the cost of imports, and Britain's Answer. I doubt that many European show respect for the feelings of the world
imports have been exceeding her exports. bankers would take the categorical position community and to make concessions to them
Question. Would other European countries that the dollar is on the way to devaluation. even when. it does not fully agree with them.
permit Britian to devalue without following I do believe, however, that the great majority Its long-term interests are not likely to be
suit? would point out the dangers inherent in the damaged by doing so.
Answer. There is agreement in Europe American policy of delaying effective action of pa
then
ennan
in order
-
conclud that the hatted Kingdom is not free to roEu opeanslfrankly will tells you that the decentlrespect to the opinions thatman"a-
make a uniltions. devaluation of sterling of persistent decline in the gold stock of the
large proportions. kind" means that we should taper off and
Question. What would be considered a big U.S. and the increased liabilities to foreigners eventually end the bombing of North
devaluation? may-at some point that cannot be told in Vietnam. The case he makes for doing
Answer. If sterling were to be devalued by, advance-cause a serious run on the dollar. so should be considered by every reason-
bay, roughly 30 per cent-a $2 parity instead Question. Might the U.S., at some point, able American'
of $2.80-other countries would also devalue decide to out loose from gold-stop buying :
their currencies. After other currencies and selling gold for dollars? The fact that the benefits of this tremen-
were devalued, the net advantage to Britain Answer. Monetary authorities have no dous effort of strategic bombing are not, even
would certainly be reduced. hesitation in adding gold to their monetary after many months of its prosecution, vis-
Opinions differ as to how much much net reserves, whereas they are loath to add indef- able to the casual outside observer does not,
devaluation of sterling would be permitted finitely to their holdings of dollars or pounds. of course, prove that such benefits do not
by the other European countries. The pre- I am confident, if the link between the dol- exist. But to balance off the negative ef-
vailing view seems to be that 10 to 15 per lar and gold is broken, it will be the result fects on world opinion and on the prospects
cent might be the maximum. of adverse circumstances and not reflect a for a peaceful resolution of the conflict, not
.. Devaluation, of this magnitude-l0 to 15 conscious desire or choice on the part of U.S. to mention the suffering it must bring to Euro- monetary authorities. Innocent civilians, these benefits would have cen pp e ens s w ould
per t uld b e e the of jnonogment of
significant hel helpp to the to tHOW ow UNITED STATES COULD LOSE GOLD to be of a very high order indeed; and this
they obviously have not been.
British, even in the short run. Question. Some American economists argue
The prevailing point of view, thus, is that that the dollar" gives value to gold, instead Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
the Europeans doubt that a devaluation of the other way around. Are they correct? sent to have printed in the RECORD at
wo_Uld be of any real benefit to sterling, yet Answer. I find no support abroad for that the conclusion of my remarks the text
fear that the Britis"Yi may be forced into a thesis. I am sure that, if the U.S. were to of an eitorial, entitled "Will to Peace,"
devaluation. "` ' invite and urge the monetary authorities
Question. The `194S -devaluation of the aroiiiid the world to convert their dollars into which was published in the New York
Times of September 25.
pound amounted to 30 per cent, didn't it? gold, our gold stock would reach the vanish-
Answer. Yes, that is right-from $4.03 to ing point in a matter of days or weeks. The PRESIDING OFFICER. With-
$2.60. Question. Would the situation be different out objection, it is so ordered.
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September 27, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE 22937
Answer. Trends are adverse in some of the Answer. Yes, I would say so. Question. Dr. Reierson, a moment ago you
basic elements of the American balance? of Question. More specifically, would Euro- mentioned possible trouble for the dollar be
payments. peen bankers favor a reduction in U.S. cause of the British pound. Is the British
For example, due to the persistent rise of troops in Europe as a way of saving dollars? pound now in a strong position?
imports at a faster rate than' the increase Answer. There is no unanimity of thought Answer. I would think that sterling should
in exports, the American surplus on foreign among bankers on the question of troop escape serious trouble for the next few
trade will be lower this year than it was last, withdrawal. On this issue, European bank- months at least,
and the trade surplus may shrink further in ers, like others, reflect their particular Yet, looking further ahead, I encountered
1967. national interests. widespread skepticism on the Continent that
The drain of tourist expenditures will show Question.. How about reducing U.S. foreign the present $2.80 parity of sterling could be
another of its 'regular increases this year, aid? held.
and may be expected to rise again in 1967. Answer. You generally find backing for the Question. What causes the skepticism?
What is especially adverse is the mounting idea of cuts in foreign aid. The feeling is Answer. The underlying cause seems to be
cost of our military operations in Asia. Un- that American aid spending has not achieved a doubt as to whether the British-labor,
less the unlikely occurs, these costs will keep a great deal, and that the continued out- management and the politicians-will do
rising. pouring of dollars weakens the dollar with- what is required to raise productivity, to
The net of this is that the chances of any out contributing a great deal to positive curb the increase in wage costs and prices,
improvement in the American payments progress in the aid-receiving countries. and to achieve substantial improvement in
position are bleak indeed. The curiosity of some European bankers the foreign-trade position of the United
Question. Do European bankers say what has been whetted by the receipt of large Kingdom.
needs to be done to assure a-sound dollar? amounts of dollars. from parts of the world Question. Is the U.S., now holding up the
Answer. Many Europeans are critical of the which are not wealthy in their own right pound?
economic policies being followed in the U.S. but which are receiving substantial amounts Answer. I think it is an exaggeration to
For one thing, they have been skeptical of American aid. say that the U.S. is supporting the pound.
about whether guideposts for wages and Question. Is this money showing up in Until the latest sterling crisis, the funds
prices would achieve anything. This point numbered accounts in Switzerland? for the support of sterling came from the
of view Tefiects European experience. "In- Answer. That is my distince impression. I International Monetary Fund in the amount
comes policy" and guidelines have been at- doubt, however, that the influx of funds is of 2.4 billion dollars, from the Swiss in the
tempted in Europe, but they have failed. limited to Switzerland. amount of 120 million dollars, from the
For another, they are critical of the U.S. Question. Could this mean that U.S. aid proceeds of the liquidation of American
for not raising taxes and cutting Government might in some part be siphoned off by of l- securities owned by U.K., and from a run-
spending to cope with the overheated boom. vials or others for private gain, and not go down of British reserves.
Once- again they are reflecting their own ex- to help the countries very much? No official information has been released as
perience: European countries, for political Answer. Yes, one hears this view expressed to the amount of funds provided by the U.S.,
reasons, have not seen fit to raise their taxes, in Europe. In addition, of course, there is or others, in the latest sterling crisis in July.
either. mention of the waste of resources on un- However, it has been announced that 300
In short, there is a feeling in Europe that, economic projects, and the wastes that result million dollars of the "swap line" between
through indecision and inaction, the United from bad management. the U.K. and the Federal Reserve was being
States has joined the "inflation club." Question. Would Europeans advise plac- used at the end of August.
Question. Is Europe willing to go along ing a limit on travel by Americans abroad? It is important to note that other coun-
with a continued outflow of dollars from the Answer.. No, there is no support for that tries besides the U.S. have provided funds
U.S. as a by-product of Vietnam? idea, during the sterling crisis of the past two
Answer. The American involvement in Asia Question. Would Europeans object to ex.- years, and have entered into arrangements
is not very popular in Europe, and I found change controls by the United States as it to provide assistance in the future, if
little or no evidence of a willingness to con- way of cutting down on the outflow of dol.. required.
done or to accept continued American pay- lars? Question. Why is that?
ments deficits because of Vietnam. Answer. Yes, decidedly. European bank.. Answer. These countries recognize that de-
Indeed, Europeans criticize the present offi- ers would definitely and positively object valuation of sterling could precipitate a run
eial American attitude, which is to accept to the imposition of exchange controls. on the dollar, lead to increased buying of
the payments deficit because of Vietnam The dollar is the world's. leading cur.. gold on the London market, and thus to a
rather than to undertake strenuous correc- rency because the holder is generally free depletion of official gold reserves. All this,
five action. to use it for any purpose. Foreign bust.. If it happened, would create a state of great
Question. Is it any of Europe's business nesses, banks and individuals are willing to unsettlement and turmoil in the interna-
:how the U.S. handles the dollar? accept dollars because they believe they will tional monetary system.
Answer. A major reason Europeans have be free to use them when, where and how Question. On the matter of U.S. support
ra right to be concerned about the dollar is they please. for the pound, didn't the U.S. just increase
that they hold so many of them, If the If this freedom to use dollars were to be its line of credit to Britain?
dollar were to be devalued-cheapened in limited by the imposition of exchange con- Answer. Yes, it has. The currency-swap
terms of gold and other currencies-Euro- trols, the usefulness and position of the arrangement has increased from 750 million
peans would take losses. Holdings of short- dollar in world trade and finance would be dollars to 1.35 billion dollars.
term dollar assets by European central banks seriously impaired. Question. How do these currency swaps
total more than 7 billion dollars. Private Question. What role does the dollar now work?
holdings of dollars by Europeans add up to play in the world? - Answer. A currency swap is an arrange-
almost another 5 billion. Answer. The dollar plays a number of ment under which the central bank of coun-
Europeans hold long-term bonds on which different but related roles. try A can obtain access to the currency of
they would similarly suffer a loss in the event It is, first of all, the leading reserve cur- country B.
of dollar devaluation. rency in the world. That is, foreign cen- For example, if the British
What is more, Europeans have direct in- tral banks and under s
peculp pound came
vestments in the U.S. on which earnings are dollars -in authorities hold
support sterling, terand the British
payable in dollars, d-in the form of bank deposits its or needed to suppothey could use
These are good, sufficient and substantial short-term securities-as part of their inter- dollars obtained under the swap agreement
reasons for their concern about what hap- national monetary reserves, to buy sterling on the London market, In
pens to the dollar. A few figures put this role of the dollar addition, the New York Federal Reserve
Question. Are they worried also because in perspective. Total gold and foreign-ex- Bank could support sterling in the New
troubles for the dollar might upset the whole change reserves of the Western world amount York market.
world money system? to 63.8 billion dollars. Of this total, 41 bil- Question. In effect, isn't this a short-tern
Answer. Europeans are well aware that the lion dollars is held in the form of gold. The loan from one country to another?
dollar plays, a key role in the world monetary second largest holding is in dollars-13.5 bil- Answer. Yes, that is what it amounts to.
system. ys akeytio of the w
dollar orld y lion dollars, or 21 per cent of total world It is temporary credit between central banks
mean great chaos and confusion in the inter- monetary reserves. to tide a country over a short-term difficulty
national monetary area and could conceiv- Question. Is there another role for the with its currency.
ably set off a chain reaction of devaluations dollar? Question. Is the increased credit line for
of other currencies. Answer. The dollar also is the currency the pound of major importance to that cur-
Europeans remember the competitive de- universally, or almost universally, used by rency?
valuations of the 1930s and the increases in monetary authorities in operations in the Answer. I think the hope is that this dis-
tariffs and restrictions upon international foreign-exchange markets, play of additional resources available to the
trade, commerce and finance which resulted. And, of course, the dollar plays a very British will discourage speculation against
Question. Do European bankers feel that important: role in world trade and finance, sterling. Remember, too, that in addition to
it is time for the U.S. to be more frugal in Foreign-trade transactions may be denomi- increased U.S. credit, the British have ar-
the way it lends and spends dollars in the nated in dollars, even though the U.S. may ranged bigger credit lines with other coun-
outside world? not be a party to the transaction, tries in amounts as yet unspecified.
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 September 27, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - S.lr1N A111
(See 'exhibit'2.) Finally, the appalling dimensions of the
Mr. FLILBRIQHT. Mr. President, suffering and injury being brought to the
the editorial commented on the context Vietnamese people themselves by its con-
tinuation.
in which Ambassador Goldberg's excel- SACRIFICE OF INTERESTS
lent speech at the United Nations on These considerations make incumbent
September 22 was.. seta Noting that upon us the exercise at this juncture of a
credibility was anamportant element in wide measure of moderation and restraint,
the evaluation of the U.S. position by even if this should involve the sacrifice of
Moscow, Hanoi, and Peking, the Times what some of us might see as the interests to
commented: be served by a single-minded and intensified
It is regrettable that Secretary of 'De- pursuit of the conflict on the military level.
I stress international opinion, and particu-
which Gol b chose the very day on laxly the views expressed by Pope Paul and
which announce era 80 making his peace Secretary General Thant. For while we ob-
this co a 30 percent increase in viously must continue to bear the major
this country's planned production of war- measure of responsibility for our own course,
July 1 for the fiscal year beginning next
rd a a nation whose very claim to independence
t the next day . McNamara was founded on "a decent respect to the
to ld y 1NATO . And chiefs Rome
to the number t that America had opinions of mankind" owes it to itself to show
in doubled
West t Europe in IIth he its last five five ver warheads yearsrespect for the feelings of the world com-
=-an
annoucement scarcely calculated to reassure munity and to make concessions to them
even when it does not fully agree with them.
the Kremlin.
Its long-term interests are not likely to be 's admission to the II.N.-an issue
Once again, we see a strange and con- damaged by doing so. fist which China's admission of State Rusk had sue
tradictory juxtaposition in our foreign All this spells, as I see it, the avoidance of
anything that would tend to enlarge or in- fortunately foreclosed progress before the
policy pronouncements. I cannot un- tensify the conflict at this point. In par- Assembly met-the Ambassador left no
understand why we speak with two ticular, it spells the tapering off and eventual doubt of his personal hope for an eventual
voices. For one voice-the voice of termination of the bombing of North Viet- two-China solution, one that would allow
moderation and restraint-is constantly nam. both Peking and Taipei to hold seats.
drowned out by the other voice-the BOMBING EFFECTS QUERIED The tone of the American opening was at
harsh, threatening voice which glorifies The fact that the benefits of this tremen- such variance with the confused signals out
of Washington in recent weeks that initial
our ever-inereas'ing capacity to make dous effort of strategic bombing are not, even in-
and was in-
war. Are we confused, are we merely after many months of its prosecution, visible surprise evitable. in the Tensions, Communist t capitals
inept, or are we so mesmerized by our to the casual outside observer does not, of vision beset Moscow, Hanoi gain Peking on i
power that we are unaware of the don- course, prove that such benefits do not exist. issues these days, and their first word cannot
gers we face? As the New York Times But to balance off the negative effects on be deemed their last until they have had an
pointed out, while "the road is open for peaceful world opinion and resolution of on the the conflict, prospects not for to a adequate opportunity to assess the develop-
peace with honor," the alternative is mention the suffering it must bring to in- menu Since at credibility the U.N.
Nremains so important an
"World disaster." / nocent civilians, these benefits would have element in their evaluation of the United
EXHIBIT 1 to be of a very high order indeed; and this States position, it is regrettable that Secre-
[From the New York Times, Sept. 25, 19661 they obviously have not been. tary of Defense McNamara chose the very
Finally, these considerations dictate the day on which Mr. Goldberg was making his
the EDED URGES WAR POLICY OF MODERATION avoidance of all those other forms of war- peace plea to announce a 30 per cent in-
To To the EDITOR: fare which, however, much they seem to be crease in this country's planned production
;While there are those who feel there should warranted as a response to the cruelties and of warplanes for the fiscal year beginning
be no further public discussion of our course excesses of the adversary, offend the feelings next July 1. And on the next day Mr. Me-
in Vietnam, and while there are others of of world public opinion or lend themselves NATO chiefs in Rome that
us who would be only too happy if conscience to hostile propagandistic exploitation. Namara amara h told had doubled the number of that
permitted us to fall in with this view, cir- All this gains an added measure of urgency Americ wharf ds b West Europe in the l its
eumatances-notably the strong possibility by virtue of the wild and strange things that five years-an announcement scarcely calcu-
that we may be approaching"the point of no are now occurring in China. In the face of lated to reassure the Kremlin.
return in the drift toward major war, the this extreme erraticism on the part of the If a real test is to a made of Hanoi's
growing apprehension in world opinion, and Chinese Communist leaders, it becomes all receptivity to bids to scale down the war and
the current session of the U.N. General As- the more important for us to show ourselves seek a negotiated tWashingtd
sembly-make it clear that a new round of moderate, circumspect, and in every way will have to declare a moratorium settlement, a bellicose
such public discussion Is not to be, and concerned-if necessary even at a cost to our will have to And a can best add bell the
should not be, avoided. own aspirations and judgments-to avoid a weight statements. And it c to e a Your excellent editorial of Sept. 19, to- world conflict. weight of Mr. by all nations s aphebesl fWill or for to emthon-
gether with the thoughtful review of the GEORGE KENNAN. st hi n all further escalation of the con" b problem by Arthur Schlesinger Jr. in The PRINCETON, N.J. by halting
in Vietnam. ict New York Times Magazine of Sept. 18, pro- This time for a universal mobiliza-Is the
of de a discussion. I promising should approach like to to this add mnewy word. round EXHIBIT 2 tion of effort at every level to end a war that
o WILL TO PEACE diverts much of the world's energies from
If the voices of caution had not been so Despite the depressingly negative tone of needed tasks of development and social re-
of m, it be foreme to stress that n would responsib u cr tic of the initial Communist reaction, Ambassador form. If Ambassador Goldberg's reasoned
there is Goldberg's address to the United Nations words are misread in either Moscow or Hanoi
for nist st ration stress policy no believes that believes thlat t critic
Admin General Assembly last week provides the most as evidence that the United States is moving
any easy or short path of withdrawal from constructive foundation yet put forward by toward unilateral 'withdraway-a course no
have In the responsibilities we , a incurred of any major power for a negotiated end of the important segment of American opinion Sout weightasc Asia. However, a number of Vietnam conflict. favors-the result is bound to be an in-y idus respect, considerations deserve our scrupu- It will be a tragedy for that war-ravaged definite prolongation of the bloody, wasting
lass The temper land and for the world if Soviet Foreign struggle, with Peking as the only long-term
The temper of world opinion generally; lly; Minister Gromyko's rehashing of stale slogans gainer. The road is open for peace with
United t vie Nations; ; proves the definitive and irreversible answer honor; the alternative is world disaster.
The deeply pondered r of ands the earnest
the Secretary General to the, American proposals. The tiredness
`The similar views of Pope Paul VI, and of his language and the mechanistic iden-
the great anxiety shown on this score by the tity of the responses from Peking and
world Christian community and other re- Hanoi- capitals with very different stakes
ligious communities generally; in the fighting-indicate that Moscow's reac-
The effect the Vietnam conflict may have tion may have been more reflex than con-
on the future of the United Nations as an sidered evaluation of what was new in Wash-
institution; ington's position. Careful diplomatic ex-
The effect the conflict is having on our ploration is imperative to determine how
relations" with the Soviet Union 'and other much hope exists for Soviet help in bringing
elements of the&mmunist world,- North Vietnam to the peace table.
No, 183'-5
22939
that the United States is engaged in no
ideological "holy war" in Southeast Asia
and that its prime desire is for a political
solution that will leave all issues, including
Vietnamese reunification, for decision by free
choice of the people or North and South.
He pledges this country to support their
choice.
Most important, he has opened the way
for affirmative American action on all three
points of Secretary General Thant's peace
plea-a halt in bombing the North, a general
reduction in military activity and repre-
sentation for the Vietcong at the peace nego-
tiations-as soon as assurance comes from
Hanoi of its readiness to join in descalation.
The self-righteousness and cant so general
in U.N. orations by American and Soviet
spokesmen was refreshingly absent from the
Goldberg speech. It contained a new United
States initiative to break the deadlock in
JUDGE HAROLD H. GREENE, DIS-
TRICT OF COLUMBIA COURT OF
GENERAL SESSIONS
Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, one
of the most difficult tasks of any Presi-
dent is selecting capable men for the
judiciary. President Johnson's choices
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 22940 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE September 27, 1966
in this respect have been outstanding,
as the Ame acan Bar Association has
pointed out.
Of all the appointments to the bench,
few have been more successful than one
in Washington, D.C. To a court which
was badly in need of a breath of fresh
air, Mr. Johnson appointed Harold H.
Greene as a judge on the court of gen-
eral sessions.
In the short space of a year, Judge
Greene has demonstrated what hard
work, imagination, and a personal com-
mitment to justice, can accomplish., A
feature article in unday's Washington
Post details the achievements of Judge
Greene. I ask unanimous consent that
the, article be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
"REVOLUTIONARY" JUDGE ON THE GENERAL
SESSIONS BENCH
(By Jim Hoagland)
(NoTE.-James Hoagland has been cover-
ing the Court of General Sessions for The
Washington Post for the past four months.
From 1964 to 1966, he worked as a reporter
in Paris for the New York Times Interna-
tional edition.)
TAKING HIS TIME
"He's a disaster. When's he gonna learn
to speed things up? Five years on The
Force,", the policeman boomed out, capitals
in his voice, "and it's the first time I've ever
been in Drunk Court at 4 p.m. on Saturday."
The distressed policeman stood outside the
Courtroom of General Sessions Judge Harold
H. Greene and twisted a thick sheath of
arrest records of men against whom he was
waiting to testify.
"He shouldn't listen to all that baloney
from those people. He acts like we make
arrests for nothing, like these people didn't
do anything. Would I arrest somebody if
they didn't do something? Do you think I
want to come down here and lose all this
time? I was in Court eight hours because
of him yesterday, and I only got seven hours
compensatory time off. I tell you, he's tear-
ing away police morale."
"The judge is superb," says one of the
Court's toughest and most astute prosecu-
tors. "He is truly concerned with justice,
and with the problems of this Court. So are
most of the judges down here. But he's the
only one who really gets things done on
both counts.
"His conduct on the bench adds respect
and decorum to a Court that has been noted
for lacking both. He's occassionally too sar-
castic, and he can be petulant. But these
are minor faults. If we had half a dozen
more Harold Greenes, this Court would com-
mand the respect it should, but doesn't
have."
"He's beautiful," said a young man Greene
had just acquitted on a disorderly conduct
charge. The specific charge was that the
youth, arrested for brawling in a cafe, had
been guilty of "loud and boisterous" talking
and had used profanity. But the policeman
who arrested the youth admitted, under
questioning by Greene, that he could not
testify that he had specifically heard the
boy say anything. The officer then tried to
inject that the youth had scuffled with him
at the arrest, but Greene pointed out that
he boy was charged with neither assault nor
resisting arrest.
"Sure, I was disorderly as hell," the boy
admitted later. "But they couldn't prove
I had done loud talking or profanity. And
this judge oat cut me loose. I've been here
before, baby, and those other cats would have
figured I deserved to go to jail anyway, no
matter if they couldn't prove what they
charged. Not this man. He's beautiful."
The subject of these oonflictigg opinions
is a 43-year-old jurist who in a year on the
bench has reshaped Washington's "People's
Court" as much as any single judge can ever
hope to.
Greene, a short, medium-framed man who
sometimes seems to be swallowed up by the
black robes of a judge, is an anomaly in the
Court of General Sessions-a court noted for
expediency and quick justice. On a recent
Saturday faced with 150 defendants, Greene
was on the bench until 4 p.m., where other
judges probably would have finished by 1
p.m.
This "clearing them out" wins praise from
the police and the officials who run the
Court. But Greene, who hunches forward on
the massive brown dais that dominates each
of the 16 courtrooms, listens Intently to each
defendant's tale. He appears more inter-
ested in justice than in time.
This is typical of Greene's approach. lie
takes the time to write opinions. In a year,
he has written 235 pages of them, more than
all the other judges combined.
He has taken the time to bring to the
Court a plan to pay lawyers for representing
indigents. Court observers hope this will
rectify the lack of adequate legal repre-
sentation that now exists.
He has taken the time to go into each case
before him as fully as possible. If a, com-
plex point of law arises, he interrupts pro-
ceedings and dispatches his clerk for law
books on the subject. He leans forward,
rapidly digesting the pages. One of his close
aides estimates that Greene must read be-
tween 2000 and 3000 words a minute. Then,
rocking back and forth in the huge red chair
behind the dais, Greene breaks complicated
legal points down into everyday analogies
that nonlawyers can follow.
In one such research case, Greene issued
one of the most remarkable opinions ever to
come out of the District Police Court. After
finding a woman guilty of vagrancy, Greene
said the District's vagrancy law was uncon-
stitutional and that the entire concept would
eventually fall. He termed it "oppressive"
to have persons arrested for appearing to be
"probable criminals," rather than for com-
mission of a crime. Greene said he did not
have the power to overturn the law, since it
had been upheld by higher courts. But ac-
cording to lawyers who argued the case,
Greene's opinion will be a great aid in getting
the appellate courts to reverse.
Greene's deep opposition to arrests of peo-
ple because of "status" rather than crimes
probably comes naturally. Born in Frank-
furt in 1923, Greene grew up as a Jew in
Nazi Germany. "There were no overt acts
against my family," Greene said one day
recently as he sat in his chambers. Hang-
ing on the wall behind him were autographed
photographs of two of his former bosses,
ROBERT F. KENNEDY and Nicholas deB. Kat-
zenbach.
"But I suppose growing up In that atmos-
phere could make one sensitive to injustice,"
he added in his soft, clipped voice. "I don't
think about it much. Too many people are
concerned with what they were in Europe, be-
fore they cane to the United States. l: want
to be known for what I do here."
His mind in a private conversation is just
as incisive as it is on the bench. He punc-
tuates conversations with a high-pitched
laugh that is slightly nervous. His sense of
humor is often waspish, to the point of sar-
casm. Be uses humor, as he does logic, to
get his point across,
He fled with his parents from Germany in
1939 and reached the United States in 1943.
He immediately enlisted in the Army, and
within months was on his way back to Eu-
rope as an intelligence specialist.
He became a naturalized U.S. citizen In
1944 and was honorably discharged as it staff
sergeant in 1946. By then, his parents had
acquired a jewelry shop in Washington and
he enrolled in night school at George Wash-
ington University.
Greene finished two years of. undergrad-
uate work and three years of law school in
41A years, although he was working in the
day as a translator for the Government. He
worked as a clerk in the U.S. Court of Ap-
peals and as a prosecutor for the local U.S.
Attorney's office before joining the Justice
Department in 1957. There, he was asked
to form and head the Appeals and Research
Section of the Civil Rights Division, which
had just been created.
"Harold either wrote, reviewed, argued or
somehow participated In every significant
civil rights case heard in the most crucial
era of civil rights litigation," one Justice De-
partment official said recently, "And he had
more to do with the writing of the Civil
Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act
of 1965 than anyone else."
There was considerable surprise, then,
when President Johnson appointed Greene
to Washington's lowest Court in July, 1965.
Many wondered why the Justice Department
would give up one of its ablest men.
Others were puzzled that Greene would
want to go to a Court which had been crit-
icized as lethargic, whose previous appoint-
ments were often based on political rather
than judicial considerations.
"Washington is the only place in the na-
tion in which the Federal Government has a
finger In every part of the legal pie, from
the lowest court on up," one high Justice De-
partment official said recently. "If we can't
construct an effective, 'model' court system
here, how can we expect the states to take
action on their own systems?"
The official made it clear that Greene's role
in helping build a "model" system would
not be limited to his work on the bench.
It would also embrace his serving as an ex-
ample to potential appointees. "A lot more
of our people have become interested in this
type of appointment since Greene went down
there," the official said.
Greene had a lawyer's natural interest in
becoming a judge. But there can be little
doubt the mandate the Justice Department
had been given to make Washington's Court
system a model of efficiency and justice in-
tensified that interest. That he has in part
succeeded in helping a problem-plagued
court Is now apparent even to old-timers who
viewed Greene as something of a young up-
staxt when he first began working for change.
And for his part, Greene has avoided antag-
onizing colleagues by working quietly, with
little public furor.
Most of the 14 other General Sessions
judges are now willing to let Greene bring
about the changes he wants, so long as he
does it quietly, efficiently, and avoids rocking
their particular boats. Greene says it has
been the most demanding thing he has ever
done, even though he actually spends fewer
hours at work than when he was at Justice.
He now has a little more time in his
Bethesda home with his wife and two chil-
dren. Greene says he has no hobby, but
friends report he plays bridge occasionally,
and, unfortunately for them, brings the same
quick grasp to games as he does to business.
Watching Greene leave the Courthouse at 6
or 7 p.m., with a stack of papers under his
arm, one quickly realizes that law is his
hobby, his profession, in fact his life. The
key to Harold H. Greene, and his "revolution-
ary" work in the Court of General Sessions is
that he is a lawyer-a good one, an intelligent
one, but most of all, a sensitive one.
THE FIREARMS PROBLEM
Mr. DODD. Mr. President, an incisive
discussion of the firearms problem writ-
ten by editor Bob Jackson, after long
study, was published in four parts by the
Los Angeles Times, beginning on Sep-
tember 11, 1966.
The Senate will soon be considering
legislation on the interstate traffic in
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September 27, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
Bruce Pickens, local car rental executive than is a lake outing but it is also much more
and one of central Alabama's greatest boating dangerous.
enthusiasts, believes that the day will come He does not advocate inexperienced persons
when this can be done. And hastening the trying it without spending some time under
day, he says, is the prospect that the Coosa the tutelage of a skilled rlverman.
and Alabama rivers will become navigable "You have to learn the language of the
all the way in the future: - river," he noted. "The water will tell you
Pickens predicts the day is not too far dis- how to avoid damaging obstacles and where
tant when a man can drop his boat in the it is deep and shallow. Once you learn this
water as far inland as Rome, Ga., sail down language it is fascinating."
the Coosa into the Alabama, and put out to Pickens foresees that river boating will be-
sea from Mobile. come more popular even for the inexperi-
And he predicts that opening up of these enced when the Coosa and Alabama become
two rivers will usher in a new age of boating navigable from Mobile to Rome, Ga.
in Alabama and lure many who are currently "All you'll have to do then," he predicts,
non-boaters to the waterways. "is put your boat in the water and follow
Only last weekend, Pickens launched his the deep water channel to the Gulf of Mex-
fiberglass utility type boat into the Alabama ic{o. Once you get there, you can go any-
River at Selma and cruised at 33 miles an ere in the world."
hour down to the Mobile Causeway.
He made the trip (about 263 miles in eigh
d
hours and 28 minutes of running time an
burned only 55 gallons of gasoline in his
six-cylinder engine.
. Accompanying Pickens were his father-in-
law, Harvey Pryor of Thomaston, Ga., and
the Pickens' two sons, Drew, 9, and Jeff, 7.
Mrs. Pickens, Mrs. Pryor and the two Pick-
ens daughters met the boatmen in Mobile
and brought the boat by trailer back to
Montgomery.
Pickens probably could have made the trip
even Taster had he not been weighed down
with gasoline. He took seven five-gallon
surplus military cans full of gasoline in ad-
dition to the 12-gallon and six-gallon tanks
on the boat.
The four also carried a nine- by 11-foot
tent and an abundance of food. The boat
is 16 feet long and 77 inches wide.
They left Selma about 3:30 p.m. Saturday
and camped out that night on Stein's Is-
land, 13 river miles north of Claiborne, after
getting caught in a discouraging rainstorm.
The travelers arrived in Mobile about noon
Sunday.
Pickens and his family have been taking
boating trips for about eight years.
"It's a wonderful way to spend a weekend,"
he explained, "and to learn to enjoy being
together as a family. I often work from 7
a.m. to 9 or 10 o'clock at night as well as a
half day on Saturdays. If we didn't plan
these boating trips I would hardly ever have
an opportunity to be with my children while
they are growing up.
"In boating and camping, a parent can
concentrate his full attention on his family,
whereas if the hobby were golf or another
game there would be other people involved
as well as the game to demand your atten-
tion, even if your family were with you."
While taking boating trips the Pickens
family bones up on the history of the area.
"Do you realize," he pointed out, "that
Alabama began on the waterways and there
are historic sights on every bank which can
be visited and enjoyed? When you see the
beauty of Alabama by boat, you wonder why
the Indians didn't fight harder to keep it.
We've been to Old Cahaba near Selma; Fort
Mims, 40 miles south of Claiborne; the his-
toric sights around Mobile and to Fort Tou-
louse near Wetumpka. Although we have
yet to explore North Alabama, there are many
choice and historic spots along the waterways
there."
Pickens emphasized that a weekend cottage
on a lake is usually expensive and much time
is consumed in maintenance.
"Boating, on the other hand," he con-
tinued, "can be as reasonable as a family
wants it to be. A substantial boat and es-
sential camping gear can be purchased at a
sum within the means of the average in-
come. "
Pickens said "running the rivers" is more
interesting and challenging to the boatman
"CUSTOMS AND CULTURE OF VIET-
NAM"-BOOK BY ANN CADDELL
CRAWFORD
Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President, in
these days when we are so deeply in-
volved in Vietnam, naturally all of us
are interested in learning all we can
about that country and its people. Re-
cently a young lady from my home State,
Ann Caddell Crawford, wrote a book
that is interesting, informative, and
fascinating.
Ann Crawford, the wife of Maj. Wil-
liam R. Crawford, lived for 2 years in
Vietnam, where Major Crawford was
stationed. During the time that they
were there Ann observed closely and
studied deeply the history, background,
culture, and customs of the South Viet-
namese people. She tells it interestingly
in her book "Customs and Culture of
Vietnam."
This book has received wide acclaim
in the many reviews throughout the
country and was selected in June for in-
elusion in the U.S. Army Special Services
book kit.
Mrs. Crawford has rendered a real
service to this country. I am glad to
acknowledge that service and to com-
mend her for what she has done.
TRIBUTE TO SENATOR HOLLAND
ON COMPLETION OF 20 YEARS OF
SERVICE IN U.S. SENATE
Mr. SPARKMAN. Mr. President, un-
fortunately, I was necessarily absent
from the Chamber yesterday when a
number of our colleagues paid tribute
to the Honorable SPESSARD HOLLAND up-
on his completion of 20 years in the
Senate.
I came to the Senate about 6 weeks
after Senator HOLLAND did. I have had
the high privilege of serving with him
and being closely associated with him
in the Senate during that time.
I can say, as I know every other Sen-
ator could say, I know of no Senator
more dedicated to the cause of good,
sound legislation, more thorough and
hard working, than the senior Senator
from Florida.
So I am glad to join, even though
tardily, with my colleagues in paying
tribute to Senator HOLLAND on his com-
pletion of 20 years' service in the Senate.
DEFENSE SECRETARY McNAMARA
TALKS ECONOMY: WHY NOT
PRACTICE IT?
Mr. YOUNG of Ohio. Mr. President,
within recent months the Comptroller
General has issued two reports regard-
ing wasteful practices in our armed
services. With the Defense Department
spending over half of our national budg-
et, if real economies are to be made we
must root out waste and inefficiency in
military expenditures. In July 1963, in
a speech in the Senate I deplored the
fact that officials of the Army, Navy, Air
Force and Marine Corps operate separate
recruiting facilities and urged that this
wasteful duplication be ended. In 1965,
for example, they operated a total of
194 main recruiting stations and 3,140
branch stations, staffed with 11,700 per-
sonnel who were assigned some 5,500 ve-
hicles. This has resulted in foolish dupli-
cation. The only ones who benefit are
the real estate owners who lease office
space to the armed services. In one city
the four services occupy separate fully
equipped offices in separate buildings
within a few blocks of each other and
the cost of maintaining each ranges from
$2,500 to $4,000 annually.
In my home city of Cleveland, Ohio,
the Army maintains 10 recruiting sta-
tions; the Navy 5; the Air Force 8; and
the Marine Corps 5-for a total of 28 re-
cruiting stations in that city alone. In
Cincinnati, Ohio's second largest city, the
Army maintains 4 recruiting stations;
the Navy 3; the Air Force 2; and the
Marine Corps 2-for a total of 11. The
same situation holds true in every
metropolitan area in the Nation. The
result is an unconscionable waste of tax-
payer's money.
I daresay that if some of my colleagues
would check the telephone directories in
the larger cities in their States, they
would find similar situations, and they
would clearly realize that if many of
these unnecessary recruiting stations
were eliminated, we could have additional
combat divisions in our Armed Forces,
without adding at all to the total number
of servicemen.
Furthermore, young men desiring to
enlist in the Armed Forces of their coun-
try, whether they live on the farm or in
the city, have available to them trans-
portation, and would have no difficulty
whatever finding the nearest post office at
the county seat in rural sections and
the main post office or Federal building
in municipalities. Why should there be
a proliferation of recruiting stations?
A young man who is on his way to en-
list in the armed services and spend 3
years, possibly 20 years or longer serving
his country, is going to find the recruit-
ing station whether it takes him an hour
and a half or only 5 minutes.
There is no reason why these recruit-
ing stations could not be consolidated
and all the services jointly utilize office
space, furniture, and equipment. Also,
recruiting stations too often are located
in areas that are not accessible to the
public, or the offices themselves are un-
attractive and small. One-man offices
are frequently closed during normal
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE September 27, 1966
working hours, when it is necessary for
the recruiter to be away from his sta-
tion. If the services would consolidate
their efforts and pool their resources
and manpower they could establish re-
crusting offices that would adequately
serve their needs and the public. Fur-
thermore, why tolerate various services
bidding against each other like huck-
sters?
Now, the Comptroller General of the
United States estimates that $21 million
of taxpayer's money can be saved an-
nually through consolidation of recruit-
ing offices of the four services. Secre-
tary McNamara and officials in the De-
partment of Defense should initiate this
reform without delay.
A few months ago the Comptroller
General revealed that in December
1065,9,000 Army, Navy, and Air Force
enlisted personnel, with salaries of $40
million annually, are assigned to non-
military jobs which could be easily filled
by civilians. Approximately 5,000 serv-
Icemen receiving more than $23 million
a year in pay and allowances, are as-
signed to activities such as clerks or
waiters in officers' and noncommissioned
officers' clubs, hobby shops, bowling al-
leys, and golf courses. The remaining
4,000 are assigned to commissary sales
stores,. This, despite the fact the De-
fense Department policy stresses using
civilians to the maximum extent possible
in positions which do not require mili-
tary personnel.
In a recent survey of 26 military bases,
it was found that 620 enlisted men were
assigned to activities providing recrea-
tion for officers' dependents-wives and
children-of military personnel and even
for other servicemen during off-duty
hours. This did not include service
clubs, gymnasiums, libraries, and field-
houses.
Civilians are available locally for al-
most all the 9,000 nonmilitary jobs as-
signed to enlisted personnel. For in-
stance, the 4,000 men and women work-
ing in commissary sales stores and per-
forming standard supermarket jobs such
as stocking fruit, vegetables, and canned
goods and operating cash registers.
Some soldiers assigned to such duties
and at officers' golf courses really have
important skills and training.
It is unfortunate that this situation
should be permitted, particularly while
thousands of American servicemen are
fighting in Vietnam, and when our mili-
tary manpower needs have been severely
strained with the Vietnam war and our
other worldwide commitments. Can the
.Secretary of Defense defend allowing or
directing GI's acting as bartenders at
officers' clubs or baby sitting or running
errands for officers' wives? Let us do
away with this nonsense.
Mr. President, these are just a couple
examples of waste in our military estab-
lishments totaling more than $60 million
a year. Undoubtedly, there are other
examples of waste that will be exposed
as ;time goes by. In the meantime, the
retary of Defense should make every
effort to end all wastefulness and unnee-
essary spending that has been exposed.
YUGOSLAV EDITORIAL PROTESTS
AND ACCUSES
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, what
is the true attitude of Communist Tito
toward the United States?
Have our people been mislead by the
information which they have been given?
Efforts have been made-and to a sub-
stantial degree successfully-to impress
the people of the United States that
while Tito is a Communist, everything
he does with respect to the controversies
between the Communist dictators and
the United States is helpful in the
achievement of our worldwide objective;
that is, the promotion of freedom and
democracies.
My views before and since I came to
the Senate have not been in accord with
the efforts to picture Marshal Tito as a
friend of the United States. He has been,
is, and will be hostile to our country at
all times when critical issues develop be-
tween nations avowed to communism
and those devoted to the cause of freedom
and democracy.
Mr. President, the press of Yugoslavia
is subject to the absolute dictatorial con-
trol of Tito. It prints only those things
which are in accord with Tito's general
views on international problems.
In, the city of Ljubljana, the capital of
Slovenia, the newspaper "Delo" is pub-
lished. The word "delo" in the Slovenian
language means "work" or "labor." On
August 6, 1966, Delo carried an editorial
entitled "We Protest and Accuse." Its
purpose Is falsely and viciously to place
the United States in a cruel and unpar-
donable light among the Slovene read-
ers of Pogacnik's-Tito's-column. It is
an indictment falsely conceived and ma-
liciously written to inflame and embitter
the Slovenes of Yugoslavia against the
United States.
Nqt at any time since our country has
become involved in the South Vietnamese
struggle have I read or listened to a
statement so hostile and false to the
cause of the United States as that which
has come out of the land of Slovenia---
the birthplace of my father and mother.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the translation of the Yugo-
slav editorial entitled "We Protest and
Accuse" be printed In the RECORD.
The PRESIDING OFFICER (Mr.
YOUNG of Ohio in the chair). Without
objection, it is so ordered.
The translated editorial is as follows:
[From "Delo" (Ljubljana), Aug. 6, 1966]
WE PROTEST AND ACCUSE
I recall the old Chinese-Vietnamese fairy
tale about a prince who had a guest and gave
a dance in his honor. "How beautiful are
the dancer's hands!" exclaimed the guest.
So the prince had the girl's hands chopped
off and gave them to his guest as a present.
How much more gory is the tale about the
President of the United States Johnson who
is staging mass massacres in Vietnam in or-
der to contribute his gift to "democracy."
For whom are the American fighting, any-
way, in. that hapless Vietnam? The guer-
rillas and the Northerners are engaged with
them in a fight to death; they have, of
course, occupied South Vietnam, but there
the Buddhists and the intellectuals are
burning themselves to death or going on hun-
ger strikes in protest; the people in general
are starving and catching bombs in empty
fields. The Saigon government is an Ameri-
can puppet: how can the starting point of
fight for democracy be a city where this
democracy is being choked in its very foun-
dation?
All Asia is indignantly condemning the
American invasion, promising countermeas-
ures or at least with great concern offering
its good services for peace mediation. Eu-
rope, Africa and other continents, disen-
chanted with the American civilization, are
joining this trend. At home, the American
government has problems with the rebellion
in the Senate; that greatest American minds
no longer come to the White House; youth
is avoiding the expanding draft. Yet, the
adventure continues. Who is behind all
this? The accountability of the United
States is ever increasing.
The United States grew out of the con-
quest of the Wild West and ruthless fight
for survival, but later Lincoln, Jefferson,
Roosevelt, and Kennedy tried to give it hu-
man and legal foundations. What the
United States under Johnson is doing today,
again negates the humanity and legality and
is a return to ruthless violence. True, they
are trying to devise an excuse of alleged pre-
servation of their own security. But accord-
ing to human and legal concepts, one can
fight for one's own security only on one's own
Territory, and on someone else's only when
one has been democratically asked by that
people. Otherwise one is but a vigilante.
The question is not only one of thousands
and thousands of blown-off arms and heads
on the Vietnamese people; it is also one of
unscrupulous provocation of a general world
conflict. It is no wonder, therefore, that the
world's moral ' court decided to call L. B.
Johnson to make an account of himself.
Philosopher Russell is not an idiot; we are
not deaf that we would not hear the bomb-
ers; the world is not a puppet which. would
let its hands be chopped off all the way;
We want to be worthy of Lincoln and, there-
fore we all protest and accuse.
(Translated by V. N. Pregeij, Sept. 14,
1966.)
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, accuse
whom? Accuse the United States.
There is not one word of condemnation
against the Communists in North Viet-
nam, nor one word of condemnation
against Red China, but there is a heaping
of abuse upon the United States, a coun-
try that has been the savior of Tito's
government in Yugoslavia.
We have given that government $2,-
500 million. In return for that aid, we
are subjected to this unwarranted in-
dictment in the eyes of the people of the
world.
RESPONSIBILITY OF - LICENSEE IN
RADIO AND TELEVISION PRO-
GRAMING
Mr. PASTORE. Mr. President, this
past January I made a few remarks to
the American Women of Radio and Tele-
vision about television programing and
the responsibility of the licensee in this
field. I stated at that time:
The tomorrows of broadcasting depend on
the intelligence of the industry if it is to
continue to be so important a part of the
life and love of the American people.
The future requires that broadcasting
shall be mindful that it is- a creature of the
law-licensed to monopolize the air waves-
and so dedicated to public service that it
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