NEED TO SEEK REALISTIC ASSISTANCE FROM ASIAN NATIONS IN VIETNAM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400110017-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 16, 2016
• Document Release Date: June 20, 2005
• Sequence Number: 17
• Publication Date: September 6, 1966
• Content Type: OPEN

Daily Issues op ep~teem"I g~ %el ~,2fWMoNoi.-J*F g6T7M0 0110017-8
Vol. 112
Congrcssl'* onal 'Record
PROCEEDINGS AND DEBATES OF THE 89th CONGRESS, SECOND SESSION
WASHINGTON, TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 6, 1966
House of Representatives
The House met at 12 o'clock noon.
The Chaplain, Rev. Edward G. Latch,
D.D., offered the following prayer:
Truss in the Lord and do good.-Psalm
37: 3.
0 God, our Father, eternal source of
wisdom, power, and love, who art above
us and within us, who dost keep the
planets in their courses and 'yet art
mindful of the faint . whispers of our
human hearts, before Thee we pause in
reverence and awe, contemplating the
grandeur of Thy being, the greatness of
Thy power, and the glory of Thy love.
Keep us restless until we find our rest
in Thee, keep us dissatisfied until we
find our satisfaction in Thee, keep us in
weakness until we find our strength in
Thee.
Into our lives come appeals for causes,
some of which are good and some of
which are not good. We pray that by
Thy spirit we may be led-to make wise
choices that our reactions may be good
and for the good of all. Help us; to keep
our minds and hearts responsive to Thee,
that Thy grace may find an outlet in
our lives and that we and our Nation
may be channels for Thy spirit to estab-
lish justice between men, good will with-
in men, and peace in our world: through
Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen.
THE JOURNAL
The Journal of the proceedings of Fri-
day, September 2, 1966, was read and
approved.
H.R. 1426, FOR LOWER INTEREST
RATES, SCIIIJI?t1LED FOR `FLOOR
ACTION WEDNESDAY
Mr. PATMAN. Mr. Speaker, tomor-
row the House_willopen debate on H.R.
14026, the low interest bill of the 89th
Congress.
~. of l s 11e for all Members
of this ollse. -'Phis bill will lve u s a
clear-cut vote on low interest vesushigh
interest, We will know where every
Member stands on thisissue.,
H,R. 1402? would lower interest rates
to 41/z percent on certificates of deposit
under $100,000 and would put the Con-
gress plainly on record for lower and
lower interest rates. If this bill is en-
acted, we will have taken a giant step
in rolling back interest rates nationwide.
We will have done much to correct the
serious errors of the Federal Reserve
Board when it raised interest rates 371/2
percent last December.
The American people are watching this
issue closely. They want concrete action
to lower interest rates. They want ac-
tion to put the homebuilding industry
back into business. They want relief
from this high interest gouging by the
Federal Reserve Board. They do not
want us to pass the buck.
Mr. Speaker, I urge all my colleagues
to be on hand tomorrow to join in this
battle against high interest rates. Later
in today's RECORD, I shall place a series
of questions and answers which outline
basic points about H.R. 14026.
CORRECTION OF ROLLCALL
Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, on roll-
call No. 203, on August 8, 1966, a quorum
call, I am recorded as absent. I was pres-
ent and answered to my name. I ask
unanimous consent that the permanent
RECORD and Journal be corrected accord-
ingly.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from New
There was no objection.
CORRECTION OF THE RECORD
Mr. HORTON. Mr. Speaker, on Mon-
day, August 22, I spoke before this body
in praise of the East Rochester Senior
Little League World Champions. Since
that date, I have noted that my remarks
in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD of that date
contain certain errors and omissions
wbicli I.would, like to sec corrected in the
permanent RECORD. I therefore ask that
my remarks of August 22 be amended in
the permanent RECORD by adding the fol-
lowing paragraphs and making the indi-
cated changes. I ask unanimous consent
that the corrections appear in the REC
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No. 149
ORD at this point and that the permanent
bound RECORD be corrected accordingly.
First. Change the second complete
paragraph on page 19291 to read:
Little League and East Rochester have
been partners for many years. As a matter
of fact, East Rochester fielded in 1950 one of
the very first Little League teams in New
York State.
Second. In the second complete para-
graph in column three on page 19291
hyphenate the words "drum-and-bugle."
Third. In the fifth complete para-
graph in column three on page 19291,
hyphenate the word "co-volunteers."
Fourth. After the ninth complete
paragraph on page 19291, add the follow-
ing paragraph:
Also, credit must be given to the local
school officials who have given aid and, sup-
port to this team, in particular, the mem-
bers of the School Board, Mark Harloff,
David Topp, Mrs. Jean Doremus, and Ronald
Spring. Additionally, much support and en-
couragement came from Louis O'Bourn, Su-
perintendent of Schools; Frank O'Donnell,
Principal of the High School; and Nicholas
Verzella, Principal of the Junior High School.
Fifth. Before the first complete para-
graph and after the paragraph ending
with the word "victories" on page 19292,
add the following paragraph:
Therefore, I want to give credit to various
officials in the fire department who, in ad-
dition to Chief Bagley, have made this activ-
ity possible. I first want to salute the
elected officers of the department: Leamon
Williams, President; Bob Connolly, Vice
President; Walt Brewer, Secretary; Earl
Bechard, Treasurer. Praise should also be
given to the work of Frank King, 1st Assist-
ant Fire Chief, and Ed Van Thom, 2nd As-
sistant Fire Chief. All of these individuals
deserve a vote of thanks for the support
they have given to the East Rochester Little
Leaguers.
Sixth. Omit the fourth complete para-
graph on page 19292, column one, and
add the following paragraphs:
Golfers will recall that East Rochester gave
the Nation Sam Urzetta, winner of the Na-
tional Amateur and member of two Walker
Cup teams, and Mike Ferentz, holder of the
National Public Links Crown in 1948. Jack
Dianetti, the great track star, was an East
Rochesterian, as was Arthur Ritchie, for-
mer State 440 Champ. The 1951 National
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 6, 1966
Peterson Classic in bowling was rolled by
East Rochester's Johnny Quinzi, brother of
Pete Quinzi whom I mentioned a few mo-
ments ago. I also want to note that one of
the young men now at West Point as the
result of his success in competing for one of
my service academy appointments, Ken Rice,
was a standout athlete at East Rochester High
School and has been a welcome addition to
athletic teams at the U.S. Military Academy.
The athletic teams of the East Rochester
High School have long been highly respected
for their sportsmanship and their winning
ways. Perhaps the most telling example of
their consistent high performance is the fact
that the basketball team has participated in
post-season Section 5 tournament play in
19 of the past 23 years and has been victor-
ious in seven of these competitions.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from New
York?
There was no objection.
ALLEGATION THAT FEDERAL
"HANDOUTS" ARE BASED ON PO-
LITICAL FAVORITISM
(Mr. MIZE asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1 min-
ute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. MIZE. Mr. Speaker, in a front
page article in this morning's Washing-
ton Post entitled "Campaign 66-The
Battle Begins" among other things, the
following was stated:
In the House races, which provide perhaps
the best national barometer of public sen-
timent, the Democrats are showing excep-
tional strength. This is particularly true
of the 71 freshmen, who have benefited both
a large-scale public relations program and
a lavish flow of Federal projects into their
districts.
This implication that Federal "hand-
outs" are based on political favoritism is
a serious allegation; so serious, I chal-
lenge the Democratic leadership to deny
the truth of the statement. If they do
not, we must conclude it is true, and the
American people should be made aware
of the ends to which the incumbent ad-
ministration will go to perpetuate a dan-
gerous dynasty.
Mr. Speaker, will the real Democratic
leadership please stand up?
NEED TO SEEK REALISTIC ASSIST-
ANCE FROM ASIAN NATIONS IN
VIETNAM
(Mr. ANDREWS of North Dakota
asked and was given permission to ad-
dress the House for 1 minute and to re-
vise and extend his remarks.)
Mr. ANDREWS of North Dakota. Mr.
Speaker, as the war in Vietnam continues
to escalate, more and more consideration
is being given here in Washington to a
suggestion I made a year ago.
At that time I suggested to President
Johnson that we must have more coop-
eration, more participation, and more
fighting men from our allies in southeast
Asia. Members of the Southeast Asia
Treaty Organization certainly should be
more interested in helping win this war
on their very doorsteps-halting the
takeover of Asia by the Communists.
We now have 400,000 men in Vietnam
and experts tell us it will take 750,000
to end the conflict. I have just written
the executive ~ department urging the
President and State Department again
to seek realistic assistance from these
Asian nations.
I also urged them to take positive steps
toward setting up a peace conference of
Asian nations with the single objective
of finding a way to bring this seemingly
endless war to an honorable conclusion.
It is obvious that Asians would be more
receptive to the decisions of an all-Asian
peace conference than they would to a
European proposal out of the Geneva
Conference. Asians are as deeply loyal
to their heritage as people of any other
nation.
More and more voices are being added
to those! urging an intensified effort
toward peace--hastening the day when
the Vietnam conflict will end.
r
ASSASSINATION OF PRIME MINIS-
TER HENDRIK VERWOERD OF
SOUTH AFRICA
(Mr. O'HARA of Illinois asked and was
given permission to address the House
for 1 minute and to revise and extend
his remarks.)
Mr. O'HARA of Illinois. Mr. Speaker,
it is my painful duty to announce the
death by assassination at 8:37 a.m. this
morning of the Prime Minister of South
Africa, the Honorable Hendrik Verwoerd.
The stabbing occurred just at the time
the Parliament was convening and the
bells were ringing. The Prime Minister
was stabbed several times in the neck.
Efforts were made to give him mouth-ta-
mouth resuscitation, but he died shortly
after he was stabbed.
The assailant, according to the U.S.
Embassy report, was previously assigned
to the press gallery and heretofore had
not been permitted on the assembly
floor. Other parliamentary messengers
said that he was a white man over 6
feet tall.
He came from the capital of Mozam-
bique, according to information supplied
to the U.S. Embassy.
Mr. Speaker, Americans deplore assas-
sination whether in our own or in an-
other nation. I am shocked by the report
from South Africa, and I join with all
Americans in reaffirming our faith that
the dagger or the bullet of the political
assassin can only block and never clear
the road to progress and reform.
With most Americans, I disagreed
violently with the Prime Minister on the
morality of apartheid and on the whole
concept of government by the minority,
but I recognized him as a man of deep
learning, great ability, and of abiding
conviction in the righteousness of his
course. The fact that I disagreed with
him did not detract from my respect for
his sincerity and his devotion to his duty
as he saw it.
Mary Benson, well known South Afri-
can authoress, testifying before the Sub-
committee on .Africa, of which I have the
honor of being chairman, said:
I feel an extreme sense of urgency in testi-
fying to you.
She had come all the way from South
Africa and at her own expense especially
to testify,.
Miss Benson did not foresee the tragic
assassination of the Prime Minister, but
she felt that violence was on the horizon
in her native country because there were
wrongs there that trampled upon human
rights.
Mr. Speaker, the assassination of the
Prime Minister will not hasten the hour
of the correction of those wrongs.
To the people of South Africa may I
say for the people of the United States
that we return to them intensified the
expressions of horror, indignant resent-
ment, and sympathy that they in their
goodness of heart sent to us when assas-
sination blackened our own horizon.
ADDITION TO LEGISLATIVE
PROGRAM
(Mr. BOGGS asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, first I
would like to announce for the benefit of
the Members of the House that on to-
morrow the conference report on the
amendments to the Fair Labor Standards
Act of 1960 will be called up for con-
sideration in the House.
Mr. ARENDS. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. BOGGS. I will be very happy to
yield to the gentleman.
Mr. ARENDS. Will this be the first
order of business tomorrow?
Mr. BOGGS. It is my understanding
it will be the first order of business.
Mr. ARENDS. I thank the gentleman
from Louisiana.
MAJORITY LEADER, CARL ALBERT,
ENTERS BETHESDA NAVAL HOS-
PITAL
(Mr. BOGGS asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute and to revise and extend his
remarks.)
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I have the
duty to announce to the House that the
majority leader, our distinguished and
beloved colleague, the gentleman from
Oklahoma [Mr. ALBERT], entered Be-
thesda Naval Hospital just a few minutes
ago. We have been informed by his of
flee that he has been ordered to rest for
2 or 3 weeks; he has had a minor coro-
nary occlusion. The doctors assure us
there are no complications. I have a copy
of the release from his office which I will
ask unanimous consent to include In the
RECORD.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Louisiana?
There was no objection.
Mr. BOGGS. Mr. Speaker, I may say
I had the privilege of being with our dis-
tinguished majority leader on Sunday
night, both with him and his lovely wife,
and he seemed to be in very good health.
He said he was tired. He had been mov-
ing from his home to an apartment. We
expect to get full reports about him, and
I am sure he will have a good recovery.
He is beloved by everybody in the House,
and I just wanted the Members of the
House to know of this development. I
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September 6,'1966 C0NNGRE9S10 L RECORD - SENATE
religious conviction who possessed true and
abiding compassion for American working
men, and women. In the latter part of the
19th Century he applied the Angelic teach-
ings of Pope Leo' XIII's encyclical Revum
Novarum in defending the rights of workers
to organize into trade unions.
As an alumnus of the Catholic University
of America I am most pleased to' point out
that he was the principal founder and the
first Chancellor of the Catholic University.
He was so universally admired that in 1911,
on the occasion of his Golden Jubilee as
priest and his Silver Jubilee as Cardinal, the
most distinguished men in the United States,
without regard to religion, gathered to pay
him homage.
As we meet here on Labor Day, 1966 to re-
dedicate ourselves to the unfinished tasks in
the labor movement we particularly should
have before us the bright image of Cardinal
Gibbons in one of his manifold activities,
that of defender of a democratic society,.
Today we have a free society; we can and
we must preserve it. We can preserve it
best if we strengthen and expand the labor
movement. Our organizations are truly the
peoples lobby, working toward the social
and economic improvement of all citizens,
organized and unorganized. In the 1930's
Franklin Roosevelt recognized the need for
a bigger, stronger labor movement. He
wanted to strengthen workers at the bar-
gaining table and he wanted big unions as a
countervailing force to big business in the
political and economic processes. Through
legislative and executive action he created a
public atmosphere favorable to collective
bargaining. Unparalleled growth in union
membership resulted.-
After the end of the Roosevelt era the rate
of union growth declined. Technological
change, more white collar workers, and other
similar., factors have been extremely signifi-
cant. Anti-union legislation and less favor-
able attitudes of government over most of
the period since World War II have had a
very negative effect on growth.
In trying to ascertain the principal rea-
son as to why the climate for collective bar-
gaining has been less favorable, my conclu-
sion is that almost all of the mass commu-
nication media, including newspapers, radio,
television and periodicals are biased against
unions and every day give evidence of such
bias.
The influence of advertisers, capital re-
quirements, employer orientation, etc. ex-
plain the general 'anti-labor history of the
mass media but cannot justify it.
With the guarantee of freedom of the
press in the First Amendment of the Con-
stitution goes the obligation of responsibil-
ity-responsibility to tell citizens the true
and undistorted facts about the events of
the day.
In 1947 an eminent Commission on Free-
dom of the Press presented a_ Report which,
in its five requirements, provided a theory
of responsibility. The standards proposed
are applicable to all mass communication
media. They were:
L The press must give a truthful, com-
prehensive, and intelligent account of the
day's events in a context which gives them
meaning.
2. The press must provide a forum for the
exchange of comment and criticism.
3. The press must'project a representative
picture of the constituent groups in the
society.
4. The press must present and clarify the
goals and values of the society.
5. The press must provide full access to
the day's intelligence.
Various plans have been advanced to
achieve these standards as well as similar
standards, but without success.
Recently Mr. McGeorge Bundy made a pro-
posal which I believe is definitely on point.
In behalf of the Ford Foundation Mr. Bundy
asked the Federal Communications Commis-
sion to consider creating a non-profit cor-
poration to distribute TV programs across
the country through four fixed satellites, one
in each time zone. Savings from the less
expensive satellite distribution of commercial
programs would be funneled into non-com-
mercial or educational TV.
It is estimated that thirty million dol-
lars per year could thus be made available
for educational TV. Surprisingly, the Amer-
ican Broadcasting Company, N.B.C. and
C.B.S., expressed immediate approval, in
principle, of the Ford concept, while reserv-
ing comment on the details of the plan.
With stronger signals and adequate financ-
ing educational TV can bring an exciting new
dimension to the quality of information, edu-
cation and culture available to the Ameri-
can people. The possibility of free time for
political candidates is conceicable through
the new concept.
All citizens should examine and evaluate
this new proposal and if it is workable we
should support it.
Before closing I wish to publicly thank
Archbishop Patrick O'Boyle for his stead-
fast and loyal support of organized labor for
so many years. Words cannot convey the
depth of our appreciation.
In the coming year let us try, most hum-
bly, to emulate the righteous zeal of Cardinal
Gibbons in the pursuit of social justice and
the preservation of freedom.
CORPUS CHRISTI PROCLAIMS NA-
TIONAL PARK SERVICE DAY
Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President,
August 25 was the 50th anniversary of
the establishment of the National Park
Service. I wish to add my congratu-
lations to the many that were voiced on
that historic occasion, to this organiza-
tion which has done so much to conserve
the natural history of America.
In Texas, the Service is doing out-
standing work at Padre Island National
Seashore, one of the most beautiful un-
spoiled seashores in America. It was a
long tough 4-year fight to get the sea-
shore approved by Congress, and as the
author of the act I wish to commend
the Park Service for t e fine work they
have done in implementing it.
Recently Corpus Christi, the city
closest to Padre Island, passed a resolu-
tion'proclaiming August 25, 1966, as Na-
tional Park Service Day. I ask unani-
mous consent that the proclamation be
printed afthis point in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the proc-
lamation was ordered to be printed in
the RECORD, as follows:
PROCLAMATION
Whereas, August 25, 1966, will mark the
50th Anniversary of the establishment of the
National Park Service in the Department of
Interior; and
Whereas, the purpose of the National Park
Service is to conserve the scenery and the
natural and historical objects and the wild-
life therein and to provide for the enjoyment
of the same in such manner and by such
means as will leave them unimpaired for the
enjoyment of future generations; and
Whereas, this area will greatly and lastingly
benefit from the establishment and develop-
ment Of the Padre Island National Seashore
area, one of the major recent additions to the
national parks system:
Now, therefore, 1, McIver Furman, Mayor
of the City of Corpus Christi, deem it appro-
priate tr remind our people of this anniver-
20911
sary and its significance in preserving for
posterity one of Texas' outstanding national
wonders and to proclaim August 25, 1966, as
"National Park Service Day" in the City of
Corpus Christi, and to respectfully urge our
citizenry to reflect upon our great fortune
in having a part of this great park system
virtually at our back door.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set
my hand and caused the Seal of the City of
Corpus Christi, Texas, to be affixed this 25th
day of August, 1966.
MCIVER FURMAN, M.D.,
Mayor, City of Corpus Christi, Tex.
THE LIONS PEACE ESSAY CONTEST
Mr. INOUYE. Mr. President, as a
member of Lions International, I was
most pleased to learn that Lions Interna-
tional-the world's largest service club
organization-has announced sponsor-
ship of the Lions peace essay contest.
This essay contest is open to any male
or female who will be 14, but less than
22 years of age as of January 15, 1967.
Awards will be made on several levels,
ranging from the international level to
the local club level.
The grand prize winner will receive
a $25,000 personal educational and/or
career-assistance grant to be adminis-
tered by the International Association
of Lions Clubs. Each winner in the
eight world geographical divisions will
receive a $1,000 cash prize, travel ex-
pense-paid trip to Lions International
50th Anniversary Convention in 1967, in
Chicago, Ill., a gold medal, and a per-
sonalized division award plaque.
Mr. Edward M. Lindsey of Lawrence-
burg, Tenn., international president of
Lions International, announced the pur-
pose of the contest is to focus the atten-
tion of people on the desirability of
searching for ideas and developing a plan
toward making world peace a reality.
Goals of the peace essay contest are:
First. Discovery of a workable plan for
world peace.
Second. Concentration of attention on
the subject of world peace.
Third. The accentuation of the mean-
ing of freedom and liberty.
This Lions International peace essay
contest is a most commendable project.
I trust it will meet with the full support
of my colleagues.
*1ETNAM-TESTING GROUND FOR
THIRD WORLD WAR
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, in an
article, entitled "This is the Third World
War," the Economist of London has
drawn a clear picture of how vital it is
that the United States resist the so-
called war of national liberation in Viet-
nam. The Economist points out that
Vietnam, despite what we hear from some
quarters, is, indeed, the testing ground
for the theories of Mao Tse-tung and
Lin Piao, the Red Chinese prophet who
laid out the strategy of Peking in his
now famous paper "On People's War" a
year ago.
In view of Lin Piao's ascension to ever
higher power, it behooves us to pay heed
to his words. For, as the Economist
notes, Mao is not backing down from Lin
Piao's thesis. This is the most impor-
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE September 6, 1966
tant fact about Asia today. I ask unani-
inous consent that the article, published
in the Economist for August 20, 1966, be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered. to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Economist, Aug. 20, 19661
THIS IS THE THIRD WORLD WAR
There is no Mao but Mao, and Lin Piao
Is his prophet. That is what the past week's
events in Peking (see page 719) boil down to.
The communique from the Chinese com-
inunists' central committee at the weekend,
followed by the ominously martial rally in
Peking on Thursday, with a uniformed Mao
Tse-tung presenting his "close friend in
combat" Lin Piao to the people, marks out
unmistakably the path Mao means China
to follow. It was predictable that the cen-
tral committee, in the sort of words Stalin
once made Russians use about him, would
c(uly declare Mao Tse-tung a genius, "the
greatest Marxist-Leninist of our era." After
the Mao-organised purges of the last four
months, and his baptism in the Yangtze
last month, this was inevitable. Like all
monopolists of temporal power, from the
Roman emperors to Stalin, Mao is spending
his last years in arranging to become a god.
What was not inevitable is the emergence
of Marshal Lin Piao as China's number two,
and the meaning this has for China's foreign
policy. The only other Chinese mentioned
by name among the encomiums to Mao in
the central committee's communique-and
twice at that-is Lin Piao. At Thursday's
rally in Peking it was Lin Plao who took
precedence immediately after Mao himself,
before the country's president and prime
minister and the communist party's secre-
tary-general. It was Lin Piao who made
the main speech under the approving gaze
of Chairman Mao. Sick man or not, palely
self-effacing or not, the defence minister
has risen to the rank of Mao's chief assist-
ant and his successor-apparent. He has
clone this partly because he can speak for
the army, and partly because he has loyally
used the army as a guinea-pig for the "cul-
tural revolution" dose of salts with which
Mao Is now purging the whole country. But
Lin Piao has probably risen for another
reason too, and this is bad news.
A year ago Lin Piao wrote the famous
article, "On People's War," which said that
China's foreign policy was to encourage guer-
rilla wars in the "countryside of the world"-
Asia, Africa and Latin America-in order to
encircle and destroy the imperialists in the
"cities of the world," north America and
western Europe. The year that has passed
since Lin Piao wrote his article has been a
bad one for China's foreign policy, in Indo-
nesia, in Africa and now even in North Korea
(see page 721). It would have been reason-
able to expect China to whistle its revolu-
tionary tune under its breath this year. Not
a, bit of it. The central committee has picked
out the Lin Piao article for a pat on the back
as a scientific analysis of "the world revolu-
tion of our time." And Mao has picked out
Lin Piao as his chief assistant. The meaning
Is clear. Mao Tse-tung, now almost mystical
In his certainty, is not backing down one
inch from his hopes of ideological expansion.
This is the most important fact about Asia
today. It is the background against which
the debate on American policy In the Far
East has to be measured. Whether the
United States has a job to do in Asia is not,
at bottom, something to be decided in Wash-
ington. It has already been decided in Pe-
king. The Americans were a Pacific power
long before they became an Atlantic power.
In Europe they have generally had a com-
forting layer of friendly countries between
them and their main potential enemy, Ger-
many or Russia. Across the Pacific, there is
nothing but cold water. That is why the
Americans sent Commodore Perry to Japan
a century ago, when all they were asking of
Europe was to be left alone by it. It is why'
they now have virtually no choice but to
resist what China is trying to do. No one
else can. It will take the other Asians at least.
a decade to summon up the strength to look.
after China themselves. The British are still.
snarled up in the non-sequitor of thinking
that belonging to Europe means not belong-
ing to the rest of the world. The Russians
took a long step in the right direction at
Tashkent this year, when they declared their
interest in the stability of the Indian sub-
continent; but they have still not been able
to bring themselves to say out loud that
China's idea of universal revolution is a
hell of a way to ran the world. They prob-
ably will in the end. But meantime the
Americans, and the Americans alone, are in
a position to do something about the prob-
lem-man of the 1960s: Mao the evangelist,
with his hot gospel of guerrilla liberation
tucked under his arm.
None of this is really in dispute. Mr. Wal-
ter Lippmann, the most persistent and in-
telligent of President Johnson's critics, agrees
that it is right for the United States to use
its strength to establish a balance of power
against the Chinese. The argument is about
how much strength will be needed, and
where it can best be applied.
It can be argued. that in the end the whole
business of restraining China's missionary
zeal may turn out to be much easier than it
looks right now. China is a very poor country
indeed. An article on page 720 argues that
its chances of ever becoming a rich one, or
even of building up a modestly successful
industry, are much dimmer than most people
have usually assumed. If China does re-
main a poor country, its hope of inspiring
revolutions all around the world will be ra-
tioned by the amount of help it can actually
send to would-be revolutionaries. And that,
to be fair to Mao. is all he aims to do. He
is not an expansionist in the sense of want-
ing to push China's own territory beyond
what he considers its historic boundaries.
He just wants to spread the good word-but
"out of. the barrel of a gun." Ten years
hense, if China is still too poor to export
many guns and many missionaries, Lin Piao's
thesis about. "the revolution of our time"
could look as punctured as President Nas-
ser's grandiose aims of the 1950s look now.
This is the optimistic way of looking at
things. There is nothing wrong with hoping
that the worst will not happen. But it is
not a basis for policy. You look so stupid
if the worst does come. Until and unless
there is solid evidence that China does not
intend to do what Lin Piao says it wants to
do, or cannot do it, the only safe assumption
for the Americans or anybody else to make
is that the Chinese mean every word they
say. That is where any sober Asia policy
starts from.
That is where it starts from. Did it really
have to lead to what is happening In Viet-
nam? Mr. Johnson's critics say that it need
not have done. But lately it has looked very
much as if some of the steam has been going
out of the critics' arguments. This is not
because they like this singularly beastly war
any better than they used to. Nobody does.
It is because, if one leaves aside the Marxists
and the honourable pacifists, a good many of
the crttes are finding it increasingly hard to
disagree with the basic premise of Mr. John-
son's policy--that it is at present America's
job to try to keep China's evangelism under
control. Having accepted that, they then
find it increasingly hard to suggest any posi-
tive alternative to doing it in Vietnam. And
every time Mao Tse-tung does something
that seems to justify everybody's worst fears,
the critics' job gets that much tougher.
Senator FiuasalcriT, for instance, has not
taken direct issue with the policy for Asia
that President Johnson spelled out at White
Sulphur Springs on July 12th. He pre-
ferred to argue that the President ought to
have consulted Congress first. It is an argu-
ment that would have carried more weight
if Mr. Truman had consulted Congress be-
fore deciding that the Americans must take
over the job of defending Greece and Tur-
key-the "Truman doctrine"-in 1947. Mr.
Lippmann, for his part, has walked into a
couple of traps. He tried to argue on July
26th that there is no connection between the
guerrilla war in Vietnam ("one small corner
of the world") and other possible guerrilla
wars that might follow it elsewhere. But
Marshal Lin Plao saw the connection all right
for China's purposes in the article on "peo-
ple's war" that the Peking central commit-
tee has just commended:
"The people in other parts of the world
will see . that what the Vietnamese peo-
ple can do, they can do too."
That was one trap, and Mr. Lippmann
dropped into it. The other is bigger and
deeper, and goes right down to the funda-
mental question about the whole war: how
can you defend the non-communist parts of
Asia unless you are ready to fight a war in
Asia? Mr. Lippmann says, quite rightly, that
with the single exception of Korea in 1950
the United States has always avoided land
wars in Asia like the plague. So he argues
that the Americans should discharge their
responsibility to the Asians by means of sea
and air power alone-which means, in effect,
by air power deployed from aircraft carriers
and from islands off the Asian mainland.
But Mr. Lippmann himself has scathingly
pointed out how limited the uses of air power
have been in Vietnam. If air power has not
yet succeeded in tipping the scales in a war
to which the Americans have committed
300,000 troops, how on earth can it protect
non-communist Asia all by itself?
The blunt truth is that this is now an
academic argument. China has nominated
Vietnam as a test-case for what it claims to
be a new kind of war. It is a land war,
fought by relatively small formations of very
brave men who are prepared to persist for
years with the tactics of ambush and ter-
rorism until the other side's nerve cracks.
Those who believe that this technique of
"people's war" should be opposed, because
its aim is to set up an unacceptable form of
society, have little choice but to fight it on
its own terms: that is, by a land war. It is
not the "right war in the right place." De-
fensive wars seldom are. It is not the sort
of war that the Americans will be able to
bring themselves to fight time and time again
in other parts of the world. But if it comes
out right in Vietnam, it will with luck not
have to be fought all over again elsewhere.
if the dissident minority in South Vietnam
fails to take power by force of arms, dissident
minorities in other places will think twice
before they believe Lin Piao's tip that they
are on to a winner.
But if the technique of "people's war"
does succeed in Vietnam, the past week's
events In Peking will take on a new light.
Those who do not like the war In Vietnam,
but equally do not want to see Mao Tse-
tung's beliefs sweeping across Asia in a wave
of guerrilla war, have a duty to ask them-
selves where else they think the wave can be
stopped. Thailand? But the non-commu-
nist Thais are not going to call for help from
a defeated American army, and In any case
it is logically much harder to get help into
Thailand than into Vietnam. Burma? Not
on the cards. India, then? But the mind
swerves away from the difficulty of doing
anything to help that fragile country if the
guerrillas once get to work in West Bengal or
Kerala or wherever.
The fighting In Vietnam, it is said, could
grow into the third world war. In a sense,
it already is the third world war. It is not
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September 6, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -SENATE
by the Americans' choice that this has be-
come a testing-ground. for the theories of
Mao Tse-tung and Lin Plao, It need not
have been. If there were any reasonable
grounds for thinking that a communist vic-
tory in Vietnam would not be followed by
communist bids for power in the rest of
Asia-starting In Thailand, and moving from
there towards India-it would not be neces-
sary to make a stand in Vietnam. It would
not be necessary if Lin Piao had not written
what he has written, and had not now been
given Mao's accolade for writing it. It
would not be necessary if Russia were able
to assert its authority over the communists,
of south-east Asia and guarantee that a
stable truce line, like the line between the
two parts of Germany, could be drawn along
the Mekong between a communist Indo-
china and a non-communist Thailand. If
either of those things applied, a deal could
be done in Vietnam tomorrow. The only
losers would be those South Vietnamese,
Buddhists and Catholics alike, who keep on
telling anyone who will listen that they do
not want to be ruled by communists. It
would be a cynical deal; but it could be
struck.
The deal the Americans cannot reasonably
be asked to strike is one that threatens to
sell the pass to the whole of southern Asia.
This Is Mr. Johnson's enormous problem. It
is also the problem of those who criticise his
decision to take America into the war. Those
of them-an increasing number-who agree
that America has a responsibility towards
the non-communist nations of Asia cannot
dodge the question it poses. How else can
you suggest holding the line, if not by fight-
ing in Vietnam?
SCHOOL MILK EXTENSION PASSED
BY HOUSE
Mr. PROXMIRE, Mr. President, on
July 12 the Senate passed a child nutri-
tion bill which among its several pro-
visions included language extending the
special milk program for schoolchildren
through 1970. 1 am happy to say that
an amended version of this legislation
passed the House last Thursday. I am
very hopeful that the Senate will accept
this House version, which generally fol-
lows the Senate-passed bill. The alter-
native is a time-consuming conference
which could Jeopardize the final action
on this legislation before Congress
adjourns.
During my 9 years in the Senate, no
legislation has received the strong sup-
port given the school milk extension pro-
posal. When I introduced a bill making
the program permanent earlier in the
year, 67 of my Senate colleagues co-
sponsored the measure. Similar bills
were introduced in the House by well over
50 Congressmen.
Consequently, in my estimation, it can
fairly be said that failure to act with dis-
patch to approve the House-passed bill,
or an amended version of the bill as
agreed on by a conference between the
two Houses, will thwart the will of a sub-
stantial majority in both Houses of Con-
gress. While I salute the House's action,
I feel that both bodies must recognize
the urgency of acting quickly to consoli-
date the gains already made.
MRS. OLGA T. WEBER, ORIGINATOR
OF CONSTITUTION DAY CEIsEBRA.-
TIONS
Mr. LAUSCHE. Mr. President, Mrs.
Olga ,T. Weber is a very special person
No. 149-14
in the eyes of the residents of Lousiville,
Ohio. She is the originator of Constitu-
tion Day celebrations, the founder of the
Constitution Day Committee, Inc., of
Louisville, and the reason Louisville be-
came known as the Constitution Town.
Mrs. Weber's tireless efforts in promot-
ing patriotic endeavors are now being
recognized by the State of Ohio. An in-
vitation has been extended to her by the
Historical Records Association to par-
ticipate with biographical data for pub-
lication in "Ohio Lives," the Buckeye
State's Who's Who.
I ask unanimous consent that an
article published in the Louisville Herald
on August 18 in regard to the honor ac-
corded Mrs. Weber be printed in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
"OHIO LIVES"?SEEKS BIBLIOGRAPHICAL DATA OF
CONSTITUTION TOWN'S OLGA T. WEBER
The Historical Record Association proudly
announces the publication of "Ohio Lives,"
the Buckeye State's Who's Who!
Ralph Waldo Emerson once said, "There is
properly no history: only biography." And
the Historical Record Association says, "Your
own life record is an important chapter in
Ohio History."
The Association directs this statement to
those invited to participate with biographical
data for publication of "Ohio Lives."
The invitation has been issued to Mrs. Olga
T. Weber of Louisville and, in part, reads:
"In recognition of your accomplishments
and contributions to your community, state
and nation, you are Invited to be included
with notable Ohioans In our forthcoming
publication, "Ohio Lives," the Buckeye Who's
Who, which is now being produced under the
editorship of Dr. Clyde Hissong, formerly
Ohio State Superintendenf of Public Instruc-
tion."
It continues: "There is presently a dearth
of record that gives the life of our present-
day leaders. Ohio Lives will furnish 11-
braries, schools, newspapers and individuals
-with a source of carefully selected biographi-
cal material of Ohioans and will be widely
distributed in Ohio as., well as in the nation.
Invitations are being issued to those who are
designated by the supervising editor, Dr.
Hissong, with the assistance and recom-
mendations of the Editorial Advisory Board.
They represent leadership in the professions,
finance, business, agriculture, politics, re-
ligion, education and culture in their com-
munities. Local and state records are
studied to determine eligibility of nominees.
These people are being invited to furnish
biographical data of themselves to assure
accuracy of the edition.
"Ohio Lives will be a handsome volume,
elaborately printed and permanently bound
In a rigid artcraft binding with lettering in
gold. It will be a beautiful addition to any
library and a ready source of information
about prominent Ohioans you know or are
likely to meet. It will be tangible records of
lives that will be passed on to future
generations."
The publication is a public service per-
formed by a private enterprise organization
of long experience and enviable record.
NEED FOR 12-MILE FISHERY ZONE
Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. President, it is
apparent to me that there is consider-
able doubt on the part of members of the
House Merchant Marine and Fisheries
Committee as to the critical value of the
20913
passage of the 12-mile fishery zone bill
in the present Congress.
I cannot subscribe to the objections of
some segments of the American fishing
industry that the bill will adversely affect
their present relations with South Amer-
ican nations, off whose shores they pres-
ently fish. It is my feeling that a strong
position in behalf of America's fishermen
by reserving this additional 9-mile pro-
tective and conservation zone will assist
us immeasurably in our international
negotiations on fisheries questions. If
we do not take action on this matter in
the 69th Congress, it seems to me that
we are clearly advising the world fish-
eries community that America does not
care very much about her fishermen, and
further, welcomes the plunder of her ad-
jacent coastal resources.
It is intolerable that the United States
should be forced to negotiate a 12-mile
agreement with the Soviet Union. The
Soviets have 12-mile protection, and our
fishermen are certainly deserving of
equal consideration. Everyday of delay
means that tons more of these resources
are finding their way into the holds of
the Soviet fleet, while our own fishermen
suffer from the antiquated protection of
3 miles.
There seems to be no question that
some segments of the American fishery
Industry have made a convincing case
against this apparent need. Mr. George
Johansen, the secretary-treasurer of the
Alaska Fishermen's Union, whose juris-
diction also extends to crewmen aboard
coastal trawlers, has written some
thoughtful answers to the case made by
the American tuna fishermen who fish
off South America. It seems to me that
this discussion is of such interest that it
should be made available to every Mem-
ber of Congress.
I ask unanimous consent that Mr. Jo-
hansen's letter be printed at this point
in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the letter was
ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as
follows:
ALASKA FISHERMEN'S UNION,
Seattle, Wash., August 5, 1966.
To: Washington State, congressional delega-
tion and other Members of Congress.
Subject: The conservation and preservation
of U.S. coastal fishery stocks.
GENTLEMEN: It has been brought to our
attention that during the recent discussions
on HR 9531 (the 12-mile limit fishery bill),
the tuna industry advanced a number of
reasons why this bill or similar bills should
not be reported at this time. We do not be-
lieve those reasons to be valid. We feel that
if Congress were to follow the "no action"
recommendations, not only would the United
States lose a big part of its domestic fisheries,
but more importantly, we would lose respect
and could conceivably be subject to addi-
tional abuses from those countries which
have made excessive claims for fishery
jurisdiction.
Following are the reasons advanced by the
tuna industry why HR 9531 or any similar
bills should not be reported at this time, and
our replies:
1. No action should be taken until the
technical discussions recently agreed to by
the USSR and which are about to take place
have come to a final conclusion.
Answer: If the United States fails to ex-
hibit proper concern at this time as to coastal
fishery resources by rejecting legislation
which will provide considerable protection in
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE September 6, 1966
the immediate future, it can only have the
effect of encouraging increased fishing ef-
forts by Russia, and, in the final analysis,
will make a meaningful treaty or agreement
more difficult to obtain. It should also be
noted Russia has already adopted the 12-mile
limit.
2. No action should be taken until S.J. Res.
29 has been enacted and a report submitted.
At this time we do not know the extent and
importance of the domestic resources
actually involved.
Answer: We are strong believers in the
intent and purpose of S.J. Res. 29. It is
regrettable legislation of this type was not
enacted several years ago. However, this
Joint Resolution provides for a rather ex-
tensive undertaking, one which could not be
concluded within a short period of time.
The millions upon millions of pounds of
fish harvested weekly and monthly by the
Russians do not allow for an unlimited wait-
ing time, but call for action NOW, not some-
time in the future. Their take is approxi-
mately one hundred million pounds as of
this date, and will exceed a quarter billion
pounds at the end of 1968.
8. No action should be taken until we have
better data concerning the possible impact
on U.S.-based distant water fisheries, e.g.
shrimp and tuna, both of which are fished
to an important degree Inside 12 miles of
the coast of, and around islands belonging
to, other countries.
Answer: One must assume that most of
the fish caught by United States citizens on
foreign coasts consist of tuna. Contrary to
arguments advanced by the tuna industry,
passage of this legislation would not bring
about a change for the worse, as far as con-
ditions which now exist with respect to
American fishermen fishing in South Ameri-
can waters, in our opinion. These South
American countries have already promul-
gated fishery limits far in excess of anything
contemplated by HR 9531. It is reasonable
to assume they will continue their harassing
efforts in the future, and we see no reason
why the passage or non-passage of this bill
would make any difference. In any event,
charity begins at home-we are far more
concerned with the fisheries resources im-
mediately adjacent to our coasts. We be-
lieve it is the responsibility of the United
States to protect the stocks that have been
so carefully preserved for the use of present
and future generations, as far as it is possi-
ble for us to do so.
4. No action should be taken until the
Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries
has had an opportunity to hold more exten-
sive hearings to receive the testimony of ex-
perts in the field of international law of the
sea in an atmosphere not characterized by
the hysteria and emotions generated by the
recent Russian activities.
Answer: We can understand the reluctance
of an industry (which, in the nature of its
business, is fishing off foreign shores) to ac-
cept any restrictions in relation to extension
of fishery limits. We do not believe the ex-
tension of our present territorial 3-mile limit
to twelve miles for fishery purposes presents
any complications in the field of interna-
tional law. The table inserted in the Senate
hearings on S. 2218 shows an overwhelming
majority of the world's coastal nations have
adopted a fishery limit of more than three
miles. In a letter to Senator Magnuson,
Douglas MacArthur II, Assistant Secretary
for Congressional Relations stated:
"In view of the recent developments in in-
ternational practice, action by the United
States at this time to establish an exclusive
fishery zone extending 9 miles beyond the
territorial sea would not be contrary to in-
ternational law and it should be emphasized
that such action would not extend the ter-
ritorial sea beyond our traditional 3-mile
limit and would not affect such traditional
freedoms of the sea as freedom of navigation
or of overflying."
While there have been considerable ex-
changes of views between countries because
of the extension of fishery limits, there has
been no serious challenge as to the validity
of these actions (taken mostly on a uni-
lateral basis) under international law. We
do not subscribe to a philosophy which
makes it possible for other countries to take
unilateral action but which denies this same
privilege to the United States. In our opin-
ion, if these actions that have already been
accomplished by those coastal nations which
extended their fishery limits did not produce
complications under international law, the
fact that the United States followed the ex-
ample by the majority of nations should ren-
der international law complications exceed-
ingly remote.
Of course, if the opponents of H.R. 9531
succeeded, in entangling this proposed legis-
lation in a number of international law ques-
tions, this would, of course, produce endless
delays and give Russia and Japan ample time
to decimate United States coastal fisheries
resources,
5. No action should be taken until an at-
tempt has been made to implement the 1958
Geneva Convention on Fishing and Conserva-
tion of the Living Resources of the High Seas,
and the results of that effort analyzed.
Answer: We believe the 1958 Geneva Con-
vention on Fishing and Conservation of the
Living Resources of the High Seas should. be
implemented at the earliest possible moment
and that general rules for conservation and
contiguous zones encompassing the inhabited
areas of the fishery stocks in question, should
be established. However, it appears to us
that extending, such contiguous conservation
zones from the 12-mile limit instead of the 3-
miles, will enhance the protection for United
States stocks.
6. No action should be taken on the basis
that this legislation provides any real pro-
tection to stocks of fish contiguous to our
coast. Except for limited stocks of shrimp
and crab off the west coast states, most other
species migrate freely beyond any 12-mile
line.
Answer: In the nature of things, one must
crawl before he can walk. In order to ob-
tain complete protection for our coastal
stocks of fish, our present territorial limits
would have to be extended several hundred
miles. We cannot reasonably expect such
results, and therefore we consider the present
legislation a good start in the right direction.
We would gain much protection in the State
of Alaska where 12 miles would prohibit the
entry of foreign fishermen in a good many
inlets and bays now open to international
fishing. One must consider that any distance
one can remove a foreign fishery vessel from
our shoreline is a help. With the pressure
of Japan and Russia steadily increasing, we
need all the help we can get. This is ex-
ceptionally true legislatively because federal
legislation enacted into law is a declaration-
more than by any other means-of the pur-
pose and intent of Congress to render its
best efforts to preserve and protect our fish-
eries.
7. No actions should be taken on the basis
that this legislation solves any of the prob-
lems confronting our coastal fisheries. No
single witness claimed the bills are any more
than "a step in the right direction".
Answer: We, of course, agree with the tuna
Industry that it Is not a complete package.
We do need contiguous fishery conservation
zones in addition to what this legislation
will accomplish. It would be most desirable
to find complete solutions, but seldom? if
ever, are such results obtained-except by
degrees. Steps in the right direction spell
progress for which we in the Pacific North-
west and Alaska are most thankful.
The tuna industry goes on to say that pas-
sage of such legislation will:
A. Create problems of jurisdiction as be-
tween the several states and between the
states and the Federal Government.
Answer: We do not believe this legislation
will create problems of jurisdiction between
the several states individually or between the
states and the federal government. The
pending legislation provides United States
jurisdiction with respect to the additional
9-mile fishery zone when the bill states that
"the jurisdiction of the United States ex-
tends to all waters in the zone and the
United States will exercise the same ex-
clusive rights in respect to fisheries in the
zone as it has in its territorial sea, subject
to the continuation of traditional fishing by
foreign states within this zone as may be
recognized by the United States".
To a layman, the language quoted seems
conclusive and should eliminate problems
of jurisdiction between the states and the
Federal Government.
B. Create problems between the Ua_iited
States and other friendly nations, e.g. Can-
ada, Japan, and Mexico.
Answer: Canada has already declared a
12-mile limit for fishery purposes. At the
present time, the Canadians are recognizing
historical fishing rights of United States
citizens. In our opinion, our position of
bargaining with Canada in the future would
be greatly improved with the adoption of
a 12-mile limit.
Japan, of course, can be depended upon
to oppose any extension of fishery limits.
It would not be in the national interests of
Japan to agree to legislation of this kind,
but Japan has to face 12-mile limits on the
coasts of other countries, and there is no
reason to believe that the adoption of this
legislation will create more problems with
Japan than those we already have. Japan
is one of the countries which makes it nec-
essary for the United States to adopt an
extension of the present fishery limit and to
establish fishery conservation zones. The
steady fishing pressure exerted by both Japan
and Russia on the Pacific Coast stocks will
call for more protection in the future, not
less.
In relation to Mexico, wedlave a number of
problems at the present 'time which have
been with us for a good many years. It
seems to us that in view of the almost gen-
eral adoption of a 12-mile limit by the
majority of the coastal nations of the world,
sooner or later this problem will have to be
worked out with Mexico. We have been able
to work with Canada, our neighbor to the
north, and it is our belief we will equally be
able to work out existing problems with
Mexico.
C. Trigger exaggerated and excessive re-
taliatory claims and actions by other na-
tions, especially the Latin American nations
off whose shores our shrimp and tuna fisher-
men operate on the high seas.
Answer: We do not follow nor can we un-
derstand why the adoption of a 12-mile limit
by the United States should trigger exag-
gerated, excessive and retaliatory claims and
actions by South American countries. There
is nothing in this legislation which will in
any way be injurious to any of these coun-
tries which do not fish off the coasts of the
United States. Consequently, we reject al-
leged contentions of ret; liatory actions by
South American countries as unfounded.
D. Create problems concerning the admin-
stration of the Nicholson Act (46 U.S.C. 251),
and the Fishermen's Protective Act, PL 680,
83rd Congress.
Answer: During the Senate hearings on
S. 2218, there was considerable discussion in
regard to the tuna industry's position that
passage of the 12-mile limit bill would create
problems as far as the Nicholson Act is
concerned. Problems arise because of differ-
ences in interpretations as to the meaning
and intent of specific law. It is our under-
standing that the contiguous fishery zone
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September 6, 1966 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX
and-at least by implication--scolding the
Johnson administration for not forcing the
rates down. Mr. Truman broke a self-
imposed rule of silence to warn that high
Interest could lead to a depression.
Worry over the trend in interest rates is
by no means confined to Democrats and ex-
Presidents. Anyone who has had to borrow
to buy a house or a car or to keep his busi-
ness going knows all too well what a pinch
has overtaken the money market in recent
months. But unanimous concern has failed
to produce a consensus as to what to do
about it,
Mr. Truman says the "drastic increase in
interest rates has been imposed on the
American economy," as though the rise were
some dark plot hatched by the bankers.
AFL-CIO President George Meany and other
"easy money" advocates seem to think that
if only the rates were knocked down by edict
the problem would disappear.
This is a little like saying that if you just
powder over the spots, the patient will no
longer have measles.
The basic fact here is that money reacts
to the law of supply and demand just as
products and commodities do, Demand is
strong because the economy is straining un-
der the forced draft of the war in Viet Nam
plus the burgeoning needs of the Great So-
ciety., The supply of money is limited.
Competition to borrow what is available
naturally forces up the price.
Arbitrary curbs on interest rates could
scarcely succeed without a lid on prices and
wages across the board. And in that direc-
tion lies a totalitarian control of the econ-
omy with all the evils that go with it. We
cannot believe that even the loudest propo-
nents of easy money want that.
' Yet the alternative to this meddlesome
route is to drive interest rates down by ex-
pansion of the money supply. And this is
'inflation, pure and simple, for money thus
pumped into the supply line quickly dilutes
the value of money.
What the high interest rates are primarily
telling us is that the economy is getting out
of balance-and the stook market has al-
ready got the message. High interest has a
braking effect on the inflationary trend, and
if it were operating in tandem with sound
fiscal policy the effect could be beneficial
rather than otherwise.
Unfortunately, monetary policy is apply-
ing a brake while the government's fiscal
policy of overspending and deficit financing
still pushes the accelerator to the floorboard.
No wonder fears are rising that the machine
may be going into a skid.
The 50th Anniversary of Lions
International
EXTENSION dF REMARKS
HON. CLAIR CALLAN
OF NEBRASKA _
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 6, 1966
Mr. CALLAN. Mr. Speaker, I would
like to extend my personal applause at
this to the International Association of
Lions Clubs, the world's largest. service
-club organization.
For some time, I have observed with
sincere thankfulness the work of Lion's,
International in the field of visual im-
pairment. Numerous programs, actively
supported by the more than 20,000 Lions
,clubs in the world, have been undertaken
to aid those who are visually impaired
A4673
which of the fifty states he is from, considers
Chairman RIVERS his Congressman.
We recently received a letter from one of
our Shipmates in Vietnam stating, "if a
presidential nomination and election were
held now, with only the military voting,
Chairman L. MENDEL RIVERS would be
elected hands down."
The shipmate was expressing the feelings
of thousands and thousands of servicemen,
active duty or retired. Chairman RIVERS
has earned this loyalty not only because
he knows and cares about the problems of
service personnel but because he is doing
something to resolve those problems.
When he assumed the Chairmanship of
this key Congressional Committee eighteen
months ago, everyone was aware that he had
a big pair of boots to fill. For he succeeded
Representative Carl Vinson and "Uncle Carl"
had an unprecedented fifty years of accom-
plishments behind him.
Chairman RIVERS is handling his new du-
ties in a seamanlike manner. He under-
stands the principles of team work and the
delegation of responsibility. His thirty-seven
man Committee is the more active and
stronger because of this. Party affiliations
are erased by the need to provide for the
nation's security.
He knows his colleagues in the House and
Senate well. His leadership is making pos-
sible realistic legislation. Witness the pro-
gressive military legislation enacted during
the past eighteen months.
His differences with his opponents within
the Administration are honest differences
that stem from his belief that the Congress
is an equal partner on our national defense
team. He knows that the Constitution
grants certain powers and responsibilities to
each branch of Government. He intends for
his Committee to exercise the powers granted
to it.
It is in pursuit of this belief that he has
initiated firm, progressive action in military
personnel matters. His accomplishments of
the past herald an even brighter future for
our nation's fighting men. He fully recog-
nizes the needs of the man behind the gun
and intends to provide for those needs.
That is why L. MENDEL RIVERS is the Serv-
and to promote eye care among all
peoples.
The several civic programs carried out
by Lions International are all tailored
to the organization's deep involvement
in humanitarian activities and the foster-
ing of better understanding among the
people of the free world.
In this the 50th year of organization
for Lions International it is befitting the
past performances of the 800,000 mem-
bers of Lions International that a new
and exciting undertaking is being initi-
ated. That undertaking is a worldwide
essay contest on the. subject "Peace Is
Attainable." Launching of this great
new project is in keeping with the theme
"Search for Peace."
Promotion of the search for ideas de-
signed to make world peace a reality is
the worthiest and most commendable of
goals. Judging from the past successes
of Lions International, I believe all the
.peoples in this Nation and in this world
can take heart from this new effort.
The Serviceman's Congressman
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
of
HON. F. EDWARD HLBERT
OF LOUISIANA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, September 6, 1966
Mr. HEBERT. Mr. Speaker, our col-
league, the gentleman from South Caro-
lina, L. MENDEL RIVERS, as chairman of
.,the Armed Services Committee, has
earned himself a special place in the
hearts of America's military men. The
special respect and affection that mem-
bers of the Armed Forces have for MEN-
DEL RIVERS is tellingly described in an
Vietnam Peace Conference Proposed
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HERBERT TENZER
,or Ntw YORE:
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, August 8, 1966
Mr. TENZER. Mr. Speaker, the war
in Vietnam has taken on an increasingly
dangerous turn. Our engagement in
South Vietnam is the most important
and troublesome problem facing the Na-
tion today. The people in my district are
concerned and vexed by its complexi-
ties and its tragedies. 'I, therefore, deem
it incumbent upon me to once again
speak out to my distinguished colleagues
on this issue.
I firmly support the traditional Amer-
ican spirit of free and open debate, hope-
fully, we may gain enlightenment from
these talks. Our voices, however, need
not always be raised in dissent-mere-
ly for the sake of dissent-but rather in
the spirit of constructive purposeful pro-
posal.
I have supported and will continue to
support our basic commitment to the
Affairs, the magazine of the Fleet
Reserve Association.
As one who proudly boasts of being an
honorary member of New Orleans
Branch 92 of the FRA, I am pleased to
call this editorial to the attention of the
House.
The force and clarity of this editorial
is not surprising in view of the initials
with which it is signed-R. W. N. Those
initials signify Robert W. Nolan, who, in
his brief period as national executive sec-
retar~y of the FRA, has become widely
known, respected, and trusted on Capitol
Hill as a spokesman for the enlisted man.
He is a tireless worker for the 65,000 FRA
members and is singularly qualified to
pick the "Serviceman's Congressman."
The editorial follows:
THE SERVICEMAN'S CONGRESSMAN
Ask the average American of voting age
who is his United States Representative and
chances are he will be unable to tell you.
Ask the average American Serviceman the
same question and he will quickly reply,
"Representative L. MENDEL RIVERS"!
To the average American, his Congressman
knows his problems, represents his interests
.and works in his behalf. In matters of mill-
'tary personnel this describes the Chairman
of the House Armed Services Committee to
a "T." That is why today's G.I., no matter
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 A4674
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX September 6, 1966
people of South Vietnam-our determi-
nation.to allow these people to lead lives
of dignity and freedom, with the right to
choose their own form of government,
free from aggression from without.
I have also supported all legislation to
uphold the hands of our fighting men in
South Vietnam. But I am at the same
time deeply distressed, by what appears
to be a continued prolongation and in-
tensification of the war. We seem to be
indeterminately sinking deeper and
deeper into the perilous quagmire of an
extended land war on the continent of
Asia.
That is why, in March of 1965, I was
among the first, if not the first, Member
of Congress to conduct an open forum
on Vietnam. More than 300 concerned
citizens came to hear a State Depart-
ment spokesman explain the basis for
the U.S. commitment in South Vietnam.
My constituents in turn expressed their
views freely and all who were privileged
to be present profited by the experience.
Shortly after the public forum, I was
one of the first Members of Congress to
propose a pause in the bombing as evi-
dence of our desire for peace.
In the month of December 1965, I was
among the first to urge the President to
accept the Christmas truce and because
the lines of communication were thus
opened to extend the truce and the
bombing. I was disappointed that the
38-day pause did not result in a recipro-
cal deescalation of the conflict.
In January 1965, I joined with 78 col-
leagues urging the President to continue
his policy of measured restraint and not
to consider our vote in favor of the de-
fense appropriation bill as- an indication
that we favor an escalation of the con-
flict.
In July 1966, I was one of 47 Members
of the House who criticized Premier Ky's
irresponsible proposal for escalation of
the war.
In August 1966, I was one of 22 Repre-
sentatives in Congress who spoke out in
favor of an Asian conference.
In August 1966, I joined with 177 of
my colleagues in urging U Thant to con-
tinue as Secretary General of the United
Nations.
Mr. Speaker, I firmly believe that all
of these actions were consistent and in
harmony with our President's policy of
measured restraint and his earnest de-
sires for peace. I have never been able
to understand Hanoi's refusal to nego-
tiate. .
I feel, therefore, that it is now even
more urgent for us to increase our efforts
to bring about a reciprocal deescalation
of military activities in Vietnam and a
cease-fire, and to approach the termina-
tion of our own military involvement.
To accomplish this noble purpose I
have sent the following letter to our
President outlining my proposals for
convening a Vietnam peace conference:
CONGRESS OF THE, UNITED STATES,
HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES,
Washington, D.C., August 1966.
President LYNDON B. JOHNSON,
The White House,
Washington, D.C.
'DEAR MR. PRESIDENT: The conflict in Viet-
nam is the number one problem troubling
most of my constituents. The increasingly
dangerous course which the conflict Is tak-
ing is of grave concern to all of us. Recent
developments make it even more urgent,
that we intensify our efforts to search for
peace through diplomatic channels and by
political means.
I recognize that our foreign policy is based
on the principle that we encourage the dle-
velopment of a community of nations exer-
cising the freedom to choose their own form
of government. That is why our basic com-
mitment to South Vietnam is morally cor-
rect. At the same time, a great Nation must
have an equally great commitment to peace,
and it is to this I wish to address myself.
I have told my constituents that you want
peace as much as I do, and as much as they
do. I have told them that you have the
greater responsibility in making the day-to-
day and hour-to-hour decisions.
I have told them of your efforts to search
out peace and of your numerous proposals
for peace. I related how you searched with-
out success for signs of reciprocal de-
escalation during the two pauses in the
bombing.
Our Nation is the greatest and the strong-
est in the world and with that greater
strength goes greater responsibility. There-
fore, in exercising and carrying out that re-
sponsibility I suggest that we show to the
nations of the world, and to our troubled
citizens at home, that we can match our
greater strength with even greater humil-
ity-because our common objective is world
peace.
Mr President, you have ofttimes stated
that it is the policy of the United States to
seek a settlement of the conflict by peaceful
means; that we do not seek either territory
or permanent bases in South Vietnam; that
we are ready to meet any place, any time and
that we welcome "negotiations without pre-
conditions."
Mr. President, I suggest that you initiate
a courageous and dramatic step to move the
Vietnam war from the battlefield to the con-
ference table. I make the following pro-
posals, which, hopefully and prayerfully may
bring about an end to hostilities and the be-
ginning of negotiations for peace.
Announce to the world that you have:
1. Set the date, fixed the time, and ap-
poined the place for a peace conference on
Vietnam. (Consider Asia or Geneva);
2. Sent invitations to North Vietnam,
South Vietnam, the National Liberation
Front and. other interested parties to par-
ticipate;
3. Agreed that twenty four (24) hours be-
fore the conference, as further evidence of
our peaceful intentions, the United States
will cease aerial bombings in North Vietnam,
pending the appearance of Hanoi at the
Peace table;
4. Agreed that seventy-two (72) hours,
after the conference starts, there shall he a
reciprocal cease-fire coupled with a cessation
of all movement of troops and materiel while
negotiations are being carried on in good
faith. Provision for removal of the sick and
wounded and movement of food, clothing and
medical supplies, under appropriate inspec-
tion and supervision shall be made;
5. Agreed that. if items 3 and 4 above have
been complied with-then 48 hours after the
cease fire, the Secretary of State will be pres-
ent at the negotiations to meet with his
counter parts of the other nations invited to
the conference;
6. Agreed that the agenda to be mutually
agreed upon may include the 14 points of the
United States, the 4 points of the Hanoi gov-
ernment, the Geneva agreements of 1954 and
1962, and such other items which the parties
may by mutual agreement add;
7. Extended an invitation to the co-chair-
man of the Geneva Conference, (the Soviet
Union, and Great Britain), to the members of
the International Control Commission (India,
Canada and Poland) and to the Secretary
General of the United Nations to take part in
the conference.
Mr. President, by making these proposals
you will have announced to the world and
to our concerned citizens that the United
States not only has the sincere desire, but
also the determination to pursue peace, and
that our government wants to see all killing
and destruction stopped. By these proposals
you will have seized initiative and given to
the world the full measure of the continuing
efforts of the United States to achieve a
peaceful settlement.
Mr. President, you now have an excellent
opportunity for creative diplomacy and
dynamic statesmanship. Let us hope and
pray that North Vietnam and the National
Liberation Front will recognize our good
intentions and come to the peace table. If
they do, both sides will have gained much.
Should they fail to appear, let the eyes of the
world behold the empty chairs and let the
ears of the world hear the thunder of the
silence from those invited-but unrepre-
sented at the peace table.
Lead us, Mr. President, in once again tak-
ing the first steps on the path of de-escala-
tion and on the path towards peace. The
world will recognize that you heeded the
words of the Prophet Zechariah, 9: 10, who
said: "And he shall speak peace unto the
nations".
This act of courage and magnanimity will
be applauded by the entire world and our
citizens at home.
Respectfully,
HERBERT TENZER,
Member of Congress.
Mr. Speaker, I respectfully urge my
colleagues to express their views on my
peace conference proposal.
Commendation to Minnesota Future
Farmer of America
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ALBERT H. QUIE
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, August 24, 1966
Mr. QUIE. Mr. Speaker, the Minne-
sota Future Farmers of America orga-
nization is one of the best organized and
most active in the Nation. I would like
to commend the young men taking part
in the many programs as well as Mr.
W. J. Kortsemaki, Minnesota Future
Farmers of America executive secretary.
The Minnesota. FFA has begun an ex-
citing statewide wildlife habitat pro-
gram which has received support from
sportsmen's club; the Minnesota State
Conservation Department, and the U.S.
Department of Agriculture's Soil Con-
servation Service.
FFA members are to be congratulated
for taking part in many programs:
First, Operation Coverup in which the
FFA helped to screen 15 to 20 dump-
grounds and junkyards by tree plant-
ings. Second, keep Minnesota clean
and scenic. Third, trash-burner pro-
gram in which members construct rub-
bish burners in their farm shops and
make them available to local communi-
ties. Fourth, raising ducks and pheas-
ants as well as distribution of the birds.
Fifth, cooperating with the Farmers
Union in their Green Thumb and debris
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