RUSSIAN ANTI-SEMITISM

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000400150011-9
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 4
• Document Creation Date: December 21, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 14, 2005
• Sequence Number: 11
• Publication Date: July 23, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

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17388. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD SENATE
ing stentorian harmonies. Once again the
orchestra. demonstrated great virtuosity with.
its precision of ensemble, its delicate ma-
neuvering from one solo instrument to an-
other or to-.the full complement of players
as Conductor, Martinon deftly recreated the
score.
THUNDEROUS APPLAUSE
Accorded athunderous, standing ovation
by the audience, the orchestra responded
with the bombastic "Rakoczy March" by Rec-
tor Berlioz. Still reluctant to accept the end
of a thrilling evening, the audience kept Con-
ductor Martinon returning for ; repeated
acknowledgements.
Tonight, the symphony promises an equal-
ly exciting-evening with Associate Conductor
Irwin Hoffman conducting a program in-
cluding Schubert's "Symphony No. 5," the
"Harry Janos Suite" by the contemporary
Composer, Zoltan Kodaly, and the Brahma
"Symphony No. 2, Hoffman, a protege of
the late Serge Koussevitzky, was formerly
conductor of the Vancouver, British Colum-
bia Symphony.and has appeared as guest con-
ductor of leading orchestras throughout the
United States, Mexico, and South America,
[From the New York Times, May 27, 19651
CHICAGO SYMPHONY CHEERED IN ALASKA
S`AIRBANKS, ALASKA, May 26.-Monday eve-
ning's capacity crowd accorded the Chicago
Symphony a tremendous ovation as it con-
cluded the first of two concerts in Lathrop
High School auditorium.
To residents of the Fairbanks area, it was
a memorable evening as one of the world's
foremast symphonies conducted by Jean
Martinon became the first major orchestra
to present a concert in the farthest north
city.
With. precision and ensemble the orches-
tra recreated the mood and contrasts of the
chief work, Beethoven's Symphony No. 6-
the "Pastoral." At the outset the acoustics
of the Lathrop stage caused momentary un-
certainties in the thinly scored section of
the first movement. Quickly adjusting, the
ensemble demonstrated its virtuosity In
painting colors from the quiet pastels of
countryside to the thunderous storm which
interrupts the restful quiet of the brook.
Accorded a standing ovation, the orches-
tra responded with the "Rakoczy March" by
Berlioz.
At-the,end of the concert the audience
made Mr. Martinon return for repeated ac-
knowledgements..
The symphony played again Tuesday
night before going on to Winnipeg, Mani-
toba, for another concert.
THE 14(b) - ISSUE.:.-RIGHT-TO-WORK
LEGISLATION
Mr. HARTKE. Mr. President, the
question of the'repeal of section'14(b)
of the 'raft-Hartley Act is before the Sen-
ate in S. 258 and action is imminent in
the House on the companion bill, H.R.
77, which was reported favorably on
June 22.
Over the years, the right-to-work ques-
tion surrounding the issue has drawn
forth literally millions of words, engen-
dered bitter feelings, caused the expen-
diture of untold sums of money by those
who contend for and against, and shaken
the entire electorate in such States as
Ohio and California when the issue ap-
peared'on the ballot there, Advocates
and. proponents are to be found in this
body, and we can look forward to strong
expressions of differing views before the
roll is called on the repeal bill.
I support the bill for repeal. I have
sought to look at the question rationally
rather than emotionally; and I have
come to my conclusion as a result of the
persuasiveness of the facts surrounding
the situation.
On Monday of this week, Hobart Row-
an, of the Washington Post, examined
the question in his column appearing on
the business page of that paper. His ar-
ticle is penetrating, and as a business
editor his views are worthy of attention.
I ask unanimous consent that this arti-
cle be printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ECONOMIC IMPACT: SMOKESCREENS OBSCURE
RIGHT-To-WORK ISSUE
(By Hobart Rowan)
The battle over repeal of section 14(b) of
the Taft-Hartley Act-those unfortunate few
words that allow an individual State to ban
the union shop-is about to be resumed, this
time on the House floor.. The public will
thus be treated again to an appalling amount
of hokum and buncombe on this issue.
Those individuals and organizations that
want to preserve the right-to-work laws per-
mitted by section 14(b) ought to quit Shad-
owboxing, and say forthrightly that they're
against the whole idea of labor unions.
Right or wrong, at least that position
would end the pretense that they are losing
valuable sleep over the question of individual
liberty.
At the present time, 19 States have taken
advantage of section 14(b) by prohibiting'
any agreement between an employer and a
union specifying membership in ' a union as
a condition of employment. Even if a com-
pany and a union should desire a union shop,
it would be illegal in these 19 States.
But while the chamber of commerce and
others weep crocodile tears about the loss of
liberty in the other 3T States, the basic
motive of the right-to-work crowd is to at-
tract industry with the promise of cheap,
nonunion labor.
And as the AFL--CIO has ably documented,
the less respectable of the antiunion band
have a close alliance with the ultraright-
wing John Birch types, whose bias on this
score is merely one aspect of a longer record
of antiquated, antisocial, 19th century
prejudices.
Organizations like the chamber, which are
eminently respectable, If behind the times,
fall to see the inconsistency between their
avowed support of the principle of collective
bargaining and their demand for continu-
ance of section 14(b).
They are saying, in effect, that an em-
ployer should have to bargain with his
workers (that's what collective bargaining
means) -provided they haven't formed an
effective union, If one can make sense out
of the chamber position, it is that employers
should strive to return to that nostalgic era
when they could deal with their employees
individually.
Well, maybe it would be nice-the way
some people look at it-to do without unions.
But the chamber better forget it, and take a
look at the calendar. It is 1965,
Most of the really influential leaders of
American industry have taken a more so-
phisticated approach. They know that the
"individual freedom" propaganda is just
that-a line created by the same imaginative
public relations men who thought up the
misleading right-to-work phrase.
Actually, the real leaders of American in-
dustry couldn't care less about repeal of sec-
tion 14(b). Some, it is true, wish that Pres-
ident Johnson had staved off AFL-CIO presi-
dent George Meany's request. But policy-
makers in the U.B. business community deal
regularly with unions and the union shop.
By and large, they'd be panicked if they
July 23,1965
weren't assured of well-organized, responsi-
ble"labor unions to provide a steady flow of
manpower for them.
One of L.B.J.'s Texas aids confides: "When
a big national company comes in down home,
they generally ask: 'Where's the union?' If
it's not there, they're disappointed. They
want one right on tap."
But the local wheels are generally nervous..
They are skeptical of union organizers, who
are equated to invaders, men who want to
upend precious States rights. Above all, the
local men, often pillars of small-time cham-
bers of commerce, feel they can keep wages
low. if the union is kept out. They freely
advertise and solicit on that basis,
The unions have floated their share of,
baloney, too. Repeal of section 14(b) is not
a do-or-die proposition for union organiza-
tion, because they can and do survive in the
right-to-work States.
And despite denials, it is true that the
notion of a union shop involves a certain
element of compulsion. This ought to be
freely admitted, because the compulsion is
justifiable. Where collective bargaining is
the law of the land, a man who is deriving,
benefits from union representation ought to
join the union. At least, he ought to pay
dues, which is all the law requires.
The unions want to do away with section
14(b) because it is a bone in the throat.
The Wagner Act established the principle of
collective bargaining, and then the Taft-
Hartley Act partially reneged. For 18 years
this has invited antiunion harassment. Both
management and labor could turn their at-
tention to more useful and productive en-
deavors if section 14(b) were scrapped.
ItUaSIIIAN 1T-SEMITISM
Mr HARTKE --T-am.
glad to have been a cosponsor of the reso
lution, Senate Concurrent Resolution 17,
which Senator Ribicoff introduced last
-February and in which 67 Members
joined him. That resolution expressed
the sense of the Congress, in part, that
"the Soviet Union in the name of decency
and humanity cease executing persons
for, alleged economic offenses, and fully
permit the free exercise of religion and
the pursuit of culture by Jews and all
others within its borders."
The Senate passed that resolution by
a unanimous rollcall vote on May 14,
and it was passed by the House with
amendment last week, on July 12.
The importance of this resolution, and
the indisputable facts which called it
forth, are underlined by an article ap-
pearing in the current issue of the noted
nondenominational religious journal, the
Christian Century. Under the title "Cul-
tural Genocide in Russia," its former edi-
tor, Dr. Harold Fey, now a professor of
social ethics at the Christian Theological
Seminary in Indianapolis, discusses the
extent of anti-Semitism in the Soviet
Union. He warns that success of the
efforts being made against the Jewish
faith in "an officially atheistic state"
"will have demonstrated that it has per-
fected a pattern of cultural genocide
which can be used against other reli-
gions when their turn comes."
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that the article be printed in the
RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
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July 23, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --SENATE
without it for more than 175 years and could
still do so.
This argument advanced by L. T. Skiffing-
ton could be made with equal force against
any governmental reform at any time. It
could be made with equal force against the
act giving str tehood to Colorado. It is an
essentially unenlightened plea for the status
quo with no regard for the changed condi-
tions which have made improvement of our
machinery of government imperative. In-
deed, th; premise on which the argument is
based is itself a betrayal of ignorance. The
country passed through perilous times while
President Garfield and later President Wil-
son were stricken and could not be tempo-
rarily relieved of their onerous duties because
of the existing defect in the Constitution. On
many occasions the country has been only
one heartbeat away from potential chaos
because of the absence of any mechanism for
replacin; the -Vice President.
It is rather shocking to note such com-
plete unawareness of the problems of Presi-
dential succession and disability as that
manifested in Denver. Fortunately, three
other States--Wisconsin, Nebraska, and Ok-
lahoma.-hastened to ratify the proposed
25th amendment. We have no doubt that 35
add'.tional States will complete the ratifica-
tion process. In the enc. Colorado may wish
to erase the negative distinction it has ac-
quired by a minority response to any argu-
ment based on blind reaction.
A CHALLENGE TO EXTREMISTS IN
CALIFORNIA
Mr. McGEE. Mr. President, Colum-
nist Max Freedman has paid the State
controller of California, Alan Cranston, a
much deserved tribute in the Washing-
ton Evening Star for Thursday.
Mr. Cranston, Freedman notes, has
spoken out importantly about extremists
in his State, expressing the view which
none can challenge that the extremist
makes his greatest gains when moderate,"
responsible people remain silent or act
timidly. And he makes the very valid
point that extremists, whether of the left
or right, are one of a kind, really. The
point is well made by Cranston, and by
Freedman in his column, that both types
of extremists are fundamentally destruc-
tive of the democratic process, though
the rightwing variety enjoys a funda-
mental advantage in that many Amer-
icans honestly believe they are defend-
ing American ideals and freedoms.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that Mr. Freedman's column, "Cali-
fornian Challenges Extremists," be
printed in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
July 22, 1965]
CALIFORNIAN CHALLENGES EXTREMISTS
(By Max Freedman)
It could not have been easy for State Con-
troller Alan Cranston to make his recent im-
portant speech on extremist groups in Cali-
fornia. Had someone from outside Califor-
nia spoken in these harsh and challenging
terms, he would have been charged with
maligning the State as a paradise for ex-
tremists. Cranston accepted that risk be-
cause he believes that the extremists make
their greatest gains when the moderate and
responsible people are silent or timid.
What fails to emerge from Cranston's
analysis, otherwise so admirable, is an ex-
planation of why California should be so
open. to the appeal of the extremists. Their
supporters are found among young people
as well as among the old and the retired
taking counsel from their frightened preju-
dices. We must apparently reconcile our-
selves to the curious fact that the liberal and
progressive traditions of California are
crossed by a more raucous and extreme strain.
Cranston begins by citing documentary
proof that the Communists and the John
Birchers often say the same thing. For ex-
ample, the monthly magazine published by
the leftwing Progressive Labor Party charges
that President Kennedy was assassinated on
orders from big business. The John Birch
Society claims that Kennedy was killed be-
cause he was not a good enough Communist.
Both denounce President Johnson and Walter
Reuther as conspirators afraid to avow their
real purposes or to disclose their real masters.
Both denounce the American press as an or-
ganized conspiracy against the truth.
The major difference between the left-
wingers and the John Birchers is that one
group thinks the United States is headed
toward fascism and the other claims the
United States is moving toward communism.
It is not much of a difference for people who
believe in freedom.
Cranston cited evidence that 3,000 groups
in the United States are now spending $30
million a year promoting rightwing extrem-
ism. Last year the John Birch Society
alone spent an estimated $3 million and is
now planning to add 38,000 new members
in California, Robert Welch, the society's
president, devotes about half his time to
enlarging the California membership.
Another rightwing extremist, Carl McIn-
tire, a deposed Presbyterian minister now
conducting a disreputable anti-Catholic
radio campaign, grossed an estimated $1.5
million in 1984.
Welch has said, "Democracy is merely a
deceptive. phrase, a weapon of demagoguery,
and a perennial fraud."
The one thing common to all extremist
groups is their inflexible conviction that
they are right and their opponents are evil.
Acting on this principle, they are no longer
open to reason, no longer willing to respect
the wishes of the majority. . What makes
them dangerous Is neither their ugly politi-
cal technique nor their contempt for the
facts. They are fundamentally destructive of.
the democratic process itself. They create
a climate of fear so that their doctrines of
hate may prevail. The vicious personal at-
tack on the reputation of Senator Tisosess
KvcHla, Republican, of California, an attack
to which he responded with rare courage, is
only one example of the evil weapons they
will use against a public man of whom they
disapprove.
Yet the rightwing groups, as Cranston has
17387
CHICAGO SYMPHONY ORCHESTRA
SUCCESS IN ALASKA
Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, the
Chicago Symphony Orchestra enjoys, an
international reputation for excellence.
I wish to bring to the attention of the
Senate the overwhelming success it en-
joyed at Fairbanks, Alaska. This was
the first event in which a major orches-
tra had appeared in the city, and I am
glad to read that thunderous applause
acclaimed the performance.
I ask that the articles from the Fair-
banks Daily News-Miner and New York
Times be printed in the RECORD at this
point.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Fairbanks (Alaska), Daily News-
Miner, May 25, 1965]
FIRST MAJOR CONCERT THRILLS FAIRHANx.s,
SYMPHONY LAUDED
(By Prof. Charles Davis, head, music depart-
ment, University of Alaska)
Last evening's capacity crowd accorded the
Chicago Symphony a tremendous ovation as
it concluded the first of two concerts in Ber-
ing Auditorium.
To residents of the Fairbanks area Itwas
a truly memorable evening as one of the
world's foremost symphonies conducted by
the internationally known Jean Martinon
became the first major orchestra ever to pre-
sent a concert in the farthest North city.
With meticulous precision and ensemble
the orchestra recreated the mood and con-
trasts of Beethoven's Symphony No. 8-the
"Pastoral." At the outset, the vagaries of
the acoustics of the Hering stage caused .mo-
mentary uncertainties in the thinly scored
section of the first movement. Quickly ad-
justing to the situation, the ensemble
demonstrated its virtuosity in painting colors
from the quiet pastels of countryside to the
thunderous storm which interrupts the rest-
ful quiet of "the Brook."
DELICACY OF LINE
In opening an orchestral program with the
"Pastoral" the first two movements in their
predominantly restrained dynamics seem
somewhat overlong. This reviewer might
have preferred a degree of anticipation in
the "Andante Molto Moto," as the tempo
seemed to suggest too great a degree of
repose. The serenity of this second move-
ment was characterized by great delicacy of
line and phrasing.
Certainly the third movement of the sym-
phony is a welcome change of mood, with its
Landler dance rhythm. From this movement
the heightened tension builds to its ultimate
climax in the "storm." Here the instruments
shown, enjoy One vast advantage always combined with a sonority of tone that over-
denied to the Communists. Many Americans whelms, still maintaining an exactness and
wingers are defending American ideals and
values. They see them owing no foreign al-
legiance and parading their claims as super-
patriots. If the rightwingers are rough with
their opponents, it is a roughness justified
by the cause being served. That is the basic
appeal of the extremists, in California as else-
where. Yet the warning by the Los Angeles
Times is profoundly true that subversion
remain subversion whether it comes from
the right or the left.
The extremists probably have made life
a misery for Cranston since he denounced
them. But other. public officials will no
doubt follow his courageous example. A con-
certed exposure of the false assumptions and
dangerous methods of the extremist groups
is the beat way to discredit them utterly.
balance characteristic of great ensemble play-
ing. The final Allegretto was a consummate
portrayal of joy and peace,
Following the intermission, the orchestra
turned to a composition in a contemporary
idiom-"Orchestra Variation on a Theme of
Paganini"-by Blacher. Announced by solo
violin in its original form, the theme, dis-
guised and altered, moves to various sections
of the orchestra with accompaniments in
widely contrasting rhythm and sonorities.
The complexities of rhythm combined with
a modern harmonic usage create highly en-
tertaining program fare.
Concluding the program was the familiar
tone poem "Don Juan" by Richard Strauss.
This composition, typical of the early Strauss
writing, exploits all sections of the orchestra
in intricate melodic motivs and contrast-
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July 23, 1965 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
CULTURAL GENOCIDE IN RUSSIA .
'(NOTE.-By measures threatening the con-
tinuance of Jews as members of a religious
entity, the Soviet Union courts designation
abroad as champion of that anti-Semitism it
once abhorred.)
(By Harold E. Fey)
This is not a propitious time to raise issues
which could worsen relations between the
United States and the Soviet Union. Such
action could narrow the widening gap be-
tween the Russians and the Chinese and
push both of them deeper into the Viet-
namese war, which already perils world secu-
rity. But one recalls that since there was
never a really propitious time to challenge
Nazi Germany, persecutions of the Jews de-
veloped into atrocities, then into war and
genocide. Later the recollection of silence
prolonged too long became a source of shame
and regret. Now that measures being taken
in Russia against 3 million Jews approach the
level of cultural genocide, it is time to pro-
test, whether or not the time is propitious.
Too few Americans are aware that in Rus-
sia, government pressure and discrimination
has reduced the number of synagogues from
3,000 to. fewer than 100. In a number of
cities with large Jewish populations no syna-
gogues are left, and Jewish believers are
persecuted for. attending meetings for wor-
ship in homes. And they are victims of many
other disabilities Jews have not known on a
large scale since Hitler. Identity papers
necessary when a person seeks employment,
housing, or education or wishes to enter any
other important relationship have the word
"Jew" written on them, thus opening the
way to discrimination.
This designation is used because Jews
constitute one of more than 100 subgroups
of Soviet society called nationalities. Other
groups find designation of nationality status
on identity papers an asset; for the Jews it
is a liability. When the czarist regime col-
lapsed in 1917, several nationalities tried to
gain independence by revolution. To draw'
them back and hold them within the Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics, the Commu-
nists promised that nationalities would en-
joy "self-determination of peoples" within
the Soviet state, retaining their own lan-
guages, schools, newspapers, identities and
locations. Jews are Identified as a nation-
ality but are denied the privileges accorded
that status.
This denial violates the Soviet constitution
and the stated policy of the Communist
Party. Article 123 of the constitution de-
clares that "equality of rights of citizens of
the U.S.S.R., irrespective of nationality or
race, in all spheres of governmental cultural,
political or other public activity is an in-
defeasible law"-a law incapable of being
made null and void. This article also states
that restriction of rights on account of race
or nationality "as well as advocacy of racial
or national exclusiveness or hatred and con-
tempt is punishable by law." As recently as
October 1961 the 22d Congress of the ruling
and only legal party of the U.S.S.R. declared:
"The Communist Party guarantees the com-
plete freedom of each citizen to speak and
to rear and educate his children in any
language-ruling out all privileges, restric-
tions or compulsions in the use of this or
that language." The Soviet criminal code
sustains these positions of constitution and.
party-In words, but not in practice where
Jews are concerned.
Radio Moscow has not failed to make
propaganda out of the terms of .the nation-.
alities law. One broadcast boasted: "The
complete solution of the problem of nation-
alities and that of the cooperation of nations
in the U.S.S.R. Is of world historic Impor-
tance, It is a model for all the, peoples who
are struggling for. their. liberation from im-
perialist aggression." How square such
evidence of self-esteem with the actual
situation?
The Jews, 11th largest nationality group in
the Soviet Union, are permitted to have no
institutions on a national level, as do the
Moslems, the Russian Orthodox, Baptist and
Armenian churches and the Lutheran
churches of Latvia and Estonia. Without
help from a central national organization,
local Jewish communities are isolated and
crushed one by one.
Other nationalities have their own lan-
guages recognized, but Hebrew has been a
forbidden tongue since 1917. Yiddish, the
popular Jewish language, has not been taught
in the schools since 1948, yet in the latest
census (1959) 472,000 Soviet Jews listed
Yiddish as their mother tongue. When the
state of Israel was formed, Stalin closed
Jewish schools, newspapers, theaters and re-
search institutes. Later some Jews were
executed after secret trials for the crime of
proposing that Jews be treated as are other
nationalities. However, since Stalin's death
some momentary relaxations of cultural re-
pressions have been recorded. In 1959 and
1961 six Yiddish classics were published in'
editions of 30,000 each. A bimonthly Yiddish
literary journal has appeared, with a circu-
lation of 25,000; it is expected to become a
monthly this year. A Hebrew-Russian dic-
tionary and a book of poems have been
published. But all this represents merely
a remnant of a once prolific cultural life.
Among the Jewish publications banned Is
the Hebrew Bible, of which no copies have
been printed in Russia since 1917, and no
Russian translation has been permitted.
Since the 1920's only one press run of 3,000
copies of the Jewish prayer book has been
authorized. It is impossible to obtain re-
placements for equipment, apparel, and foods
required by Jewish ritualistic practices. In
contrast, the Orthodox and the Baptists have
published editions of their Bibles running
respectively to 60,000 and 10,000 each, and
the Baptists and Lutherans have obained per-
mission to bring out new hymnals. The Mos-
lems have printed more than 9,000 copies of
the Koran in Arabic-a language which Is
not spoken in the U.S.S.R. but which like
Hebrew has liturgical significance. Yet the
official reason given for banning publication
in Hebrew is that it is not spoken in the
country.
Though nearly all of the rabbis, serving the
remaining synagogues are in their seventies
or eighties, the student body of the one re-
maining Yeshiva or theological seminary has
been limited by state action to only two or.
three students. The Moslems are allowed to
operate institutions for the training of mul-
lahs for their mosques. The Orthodox Church
has two academies and three ..theological
seminaries left; although it too has suffered
losses (it had eight seminaries in 1959).. Es-
timates are that there is one Baptist preacher
for every 500 members and one Orthodox
priest for every 1,100-but only, one rabbi
for every 15,000 to 16,000 Jewish believers.
Jews may not be sent abroad for training In
the rabbinate, though Moslems and Baptists
may. and do go abroad for religious training.
II
More than half of the persons executed
in recent years in the Soviet Union for so-
called "economic crimes" have been Jews.
The evidence is strong that in this regard
Jews are again being made scapegoats, for
such crimes are generally manifestations of
the rise of a middle class in Soviet society-
a phenomenon which Marx and Lenin did
not anticipate or understand and with which
the present masters of the Soviet Union are
not prepared to cope. Marxist fundamen-
talists regard the operation of a.free market
with horror and seek to suppress it as the
blackest heresy. Whenever a synagogue is
closed the closing is attributed to the eco-
nomic machinations of Jews who are officers
1'7389,
or members and Is accompanied by noisy
anti-Semitic propaganda campaigns brand-
ing a whole people with suspicion. One won-
ders what must go through the minds of
Soviet leaders who once declared anti-
Semitism a crime particularly associated
with captitalism as they repeat athe charges
made so recently by Hitler and move to de-
stroy culturally the very people. against whom
the German dictator directed his deadily
hatred,
To their honor the Jews, who worship.
God, are not an assimilable element In any
totalitarian society. Discovering that fact,
as did Hitler less than a generation ago,
the Soviet Union turns, as did Hitler, . to
eliminating them as Jews. The Germans
used gas ovens; the U.S.S.R. Is pursuing the
same end through cultural genocide prac-
ticed over a long period. If it succeeds'
Christians may anticipate that, group by
group, their turn will come next.
Statistically-a poor measure In such
eases-Russian destruction of the Jews as
Jews is about two-thirds complete. Those
who break with Judaism, who drop their
communal ties with other Jews, who aban-
don their ties of language and ethnic iden-
tity; probably suffer little-except in their
souls. They become alienated, uprooted,
bereft of their birthright as human beings,
accepting the faceless existence which the
state decrees. And apparently abandonment,
even. denunciation, of Judaism does not
guarantee first class citizenship; the propor-
tion of Jews in higher education continues
to decline, as does the number of those in.
high posts where security is a factor..
On the basis of the evidence now avail-
able, it is apparent that the treatment Jews
are receiving in the U.S.S.R. transgresses
the official policy on nationalities, even
though that policy has been recently reaf-
firmed by the Communist Party. It vio-
lates the Soviet constitution, breaks Soviet
criminal law.. It contradicts the Declaration
of Human Rights of the United Nations
and the customary standards of civilized
states. It is a major survivor of Stalin-
Ism in a land where Stalinism has been of-
ficially denounced. It continues even
though it creates internal disruption, black-
ens the Soviet name abroad, makes mock-
ery, of claims to cultural freedom.:
sn
in spite of what the Soviet Government
proclaims as its policy, the actual policy is
to destroy Judaism as a religion, to scatter,
demoralize and annihilate a major cultural
community, to deprive Jews of their legal
status-within the Soviet system. By so do-
ing, an officially atheistic state will have
demonstrated that it has perfected a pattern
of cultural genocide which can be used
against other religions . when their turn
comes.
Some signs, however, indicate that the
course may be arrested before it proceeds to
its tragic end. Now and again intimations
reach the world from the recesses of this
closed society that. at least some of the Rus-
sian people know what is happening and are
alarmed by it. Protests from abroad may
help increase their disquiet and prevent the
total destruction of the second largest Jew-
ish community in the world. The few voices
which have been raised in Russia and-abroad
in behalf of an enlightened public policy and
responsible public behavior have not gone
unheard. Maurice Friedberg wrote in the
January 1965, issue of Commentary that it
was world interest. that shielded Boris Pas-
ternak. from reprisals by the Soviet police;
that publicity about cultural deprivation
moved the authorities to promise that Soviet-
ish Helmland, the Yiddish cultural journal,
would be permitted to increase its frequency
of publication to monthly; that foreign. con-
cern probably prevented the staging of. show
trials for alleged Jewish economic offenders
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE July 28, 1965
and led to a toning down of the blatant anti-
Semitism in part of the official press; that
charges of religious prejudice in the armed
forces caused the government to reveal,
nearly 20 years after the event, that more
than 100 Jewish soldiers had received Hero
of the Soviet Union awards during or after
World War II. Expressions of concern do
result in some good,
Freedom to worship, to maintain their
own identity," to teach their children their
own majestic and meaningful history, to
speak and teach the language of their fa-
thers, to operate central institutions to serve
the needs of all Russian Jews and maintain
contacts with eoreligionists in, the outer
world-these aspirations of Soviet Jews are
not unreasonable or excessive. The Jews
seek no special privilege. They ask only to
be accorded the rights possessed by other na-
tionalities. Communist 'Poland does not
interfere with such rights; it even permits
Jews to make pilgrimages abroad Or to emi-
grate. . Why does great Russia fear to do
what a smaller state does with impunity? It
would gain, would serve its own beat inter-
ests, If it would grant the rights due its Jew-
ish citizens, if it put a stop to anti-Semitic
bigotry by officials and returned to its early
program of campaigning against anti-Semi-
tism In any form.
On the other hand, If the U.S.S.R. persists
in official perpetration of outrageous injus-
tice, sooner or later that course will bring
its own penalties-first in isolation from the
Civilized world, eventually in the judgment
which no man and no nation, however pow-
erful, can finally evade. Justice will come.
This is not a threat; It is an affirmation that
there is a moral order in the universe. We
hope and pray that the nation .which has
officially declared war on Gad is not drit+en
by the death wish Implicit In that nihilistic
policy to destroy Itself, beginning with the
Jews.
PRESIDENT ORDERS CONTINUED
FIGHT ON OCEAN FREIGHT RATE
DISCRIMINATION
Mr. DOUGLAS. Mr. President, it was
gratifying to those of us at the Joint
Economic Committee who have been
concerned over the past 2 years about
the existence of discriminatory ocean.
freight rates to learn of the reappoint-
ment of Adm. John Harllee as Chairman
of the Federal Maritime Commission.
As I have told this body before, Admiral
Harllee has been doing a fine, con-
scientious job, and his reappointment
will provide assurance that the Commis-
sion will continue to investigate this
complicated question of freight rate
differentials and their adverse effects
upon American exports.
It is deeply gratifying, too, to note that
the President has given a clear, resonant
mandate to the Maritime Commission to
continue its important work on trade
barriers that derive from discriminatory
ocean freight rates. The President's
words add up to very clear sailing orders,
and surely we shall have occasion to
recall them in the future as we continue
our work on this problem.
Under unanimous consent, I ask that
the President's remarks on freight rate
discrimination, excerpted from his July
20 statement at the swearing-in
ceremony, be included in the RECORD at
this point.
There being no objection, the state-
ment was ordered to be printed In the
RECORD, as follows.
time Commission has a key .role to play-
and I`am looking to these men to continue
to assume that challenge in their leadership
at this great Commission.
The Commission has my strongest support
for continuing efforts to eliminate all the
barriers to, U.S. trade now presented. by dis-
criminatory freight rates. Likewise, the
Commission has my support for its efforts to
convince our allied trading partners that we
welcome them to our shores to share in the
prosperity that our commerce helps create
for the free world. .
In world trade, this country seeks no spe-
cial favoritism. But we do seek equality of
treatment. We do seek the elimination of
unfair or unlawful discriminatory prejudices
or predatory practices.
PROPOSED APPOINTMENT OF SENA-
TOR . ERVIN TO THE SUPREME
COURT
Mr. JORDAN of North Carolina. Mr.
President, I ask unanimous consent to
have printed in the RECORD an article
which appeared in the Raleigh News &
Observer on Thursday, July 22, 1965,
concerning the endorsement of Senator
SAM J. ERVIN, JR., for appointment to
the U.S. Supreme Court.
Governor Moore, of North Carolina,
has strongly urged the President to ap-
point my colleague, the senior Senator
from North Carolina, and I whole-
heartedly join with him in this endorse-
ment.
There is no man In the United States
who is better qualified to serve on the
Supreme Court than Senator ERVIN. He
has unexcelled qualifications in terms of
his character, integrity, temperament,
and ability, No. finer. appointment
could be made than that of SAM J.
ERVIN, JR.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
ERVIN PLUGGED FOR HIGH COURT BY GOVERNOR
MOORE
Governor Moore put in a plug Wednesday
for Senator SAM J. ERVIN, of Morganton, as
as replacement for Justice Arthur Goldberg
on the U.S. Supreme Court.
Moore sent President Johnson a telegram
strongly recommending ERvne to the seat
vacated Tuesday by Goldberg to become U.S.
Ambassador to the United Nations.
The text of the telegram was released by
the office of Governor Moore, Who is vacation-
ing out of the State.
"By temperament and experience he is
eminently qualified for this position," Moore
told the President. "Senator ERvIN would
acquit himself with distinction and honor
on the Nation's Highest Court as he did
as a justice of the North Carolina Supreme
Court and as he is doing as a U.S, Senator.
As Governor of North Carolina, I earnestly
request you appoint this distinguished Amer-
ican to the U.S. Supreme Court."
The name of the 68-year-old ERvuv has
crept Into speculation previously regard-
ing a Supreme Court appointment.
Senator GEORGE SMATHERS, of Florida, went
to bat for ERVIN last summer during a
western atop by Moore's Democratic cam-
paign caravan.
:Moore and Eavue were on the platform as
SMATHERS called for the appointment dur-
ing a rally in Sylva, Moore's long-time home.
ERviN's immediate comment waa~, "I don't
think we have to worry about that."
ERviN was one of Moore's earliest sup-
porters in the 1964 gubernatorial campaign.
ment of the late Gov., William B. Um-
stead. when Senator Clyde R. Hoey died In
office. ERVIN has had no major opposition
winning reelection in 1964, 1966, and 1962.
His career before becoming a Senator in-
cluded. service in the general assembly, on
the Burke County and State :Democratic
executive committees, on the superior court
and State supreme court benches, and in
Congress from the 10th district in 1946-47.
ERVIN graduated from the law schools of
the University of North Carolina and Har-
vard.
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK: AN AN-
NIVERSARY TO REMEMBER
Mr. PROXMIRE. Mr. President, in
1959 the Members of the House and Sen-
ate passed a joint resolution, authorizing
and requesting the President to issue a
proclamation designating the third week
in July as Captive Nations Week, and to
issue a similar proclamation each year
until such time as freedom and inde-
pendence shall have been achieved for all
the captive nations of the world.
This is the sixth year of that observ-
ance. For 6 years the President has been
proclaiming Captive Nations Week, and
we here in the Senate, and our colleagues
in the House, have declaimed against the
injustices visited on the captive nations
and peoples. Yet basically their status
has not changed. They are still captive.
I can see the cynics saying now that this
is all farcical, that we are paying lip-
service to a lost cause.
But Mr. President, the cynics are
wrong, as they are so often wrong about
so many things. To whom can the cap-
tive peoples turn, if not the United
States? Since when has this country
shrinked from denouncing injustice,
simply because that Injustice is difficult
to rectify? If the subversion and ag-
gression we're fighting in Vietnam are
worth the struggle, then certainly the
least we can do is to reaffirm, here and
now, our commitment to freedom for
those earlier captives of communism, the
people of the B -tltic States, and of the
nations of southeastern Europe. In a
sense this is a commitment to the people
of Russia too, for they were the first to
lose their freedom. The point is this:
the United States champions the free
way of life.
We lead that portion of the world that
professes to believe in liberty and the
dignity of the individual above all else.
Hope is sustained in the hearts of all the
millions behind the Iron Curtain because
they know that as long as America re-
fuses to accept their servitude as final, it
Is in fact, not final. There is a chance
that they may some day rejoin the
brotherhood of free men. But If the
United States, by word or deed, sanc-
tions the status quo for the victims of
Communist aggression and subversion,
then indeed their doom is sealed. More-
over, whatever claim we may have to
moral leadership of the free world would
be utterly bankrupt.
There is no call here to roll back fron-
tiers. I do not advocate any global cru-
sade against communism. But I do say
that America's position, her stance, if
you will, matters gravely to those who
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