ACTION IN THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP67B00446R000500120030-1
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 19
• Document Creation Date: December 15, 2016
• Document Release Date: September 22, 2003
• Sequence Number: 30
• Publication Date: May 11, 1965
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67600446R000500120030-1
9784 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -- SENATE May 11, 1965
The answers were disturbing. Five agen-
cies?none of them the Office of Educa-
tion?distributed nearly one and a quarter-
billion dollars for research and develop-
ment to universities during 1964. Their
funds reached into nearly every State in
the Union and went to 124 colleges and
universities.
And, on closer examination, it became
clear that there is a definite pattern to the
distribution of funds. Twenty-five univer-
sities received amounts greater than $10
million. Those same 25 universities togeth-
er received 58 percent of all the funds
awarded to all the universities.
Even more disturbing: 16 schools received
amounts greater than $20 million each?
and those 16 institutions accounted for more
than 40 percent of all the funds awarded.
Statistics in themselves don't tell the
whole story. But, interestingly enough, a
student told a newspaper reporter recently:
"Just having a professor nod at you in the
hall is a big deal. You feel like you've really
arrived." And that young man was a stu-
dent at one of the universities receiving the
most Federal R. & D. dollars.
And who sits on the advisory panels of
the five Federal agencies which distribute
these R. & D. funds? I asked this question
because an advisory panel is very important.
/t sits in judgment on research applications
submitted to an agency for financial assist-
ance. Advisory panels were invented so
that no critic could ever say a government
bureaucrat had turned down a worthwhile
scientific project. If money is available and
a project is turned down, it is usually be-
cause the members of the panel believed it
would not contribute significantly to knowl-
edge in the research specialty.
Warren Weaver of the New York Times
once wryly described a mythical advisory
panel?the "Special Committee for X."
"These are men," Weaver wrote, "intensely
interested 111 X, often with a lifelong dedica-
tion to X, and sometimes with a recogniz-
ably fanatic concentration of interest on X.
Quite clearly, they are just the authorities
to ask if you want to know whether X is a
good idea."
Where do these panel members come from?
Of the advisory panel memberships of the
5 agencies here involved, 1,622?a majority
of the members?come from the academic
community. Amazing correlation exists be-
tween the amount of Federal funds for re-
search flowing into a university and the
number of faculty members serving on the
advisory panels which pass on the grants.
The higher the number of dollars, the higher
the number of panelists. In fact, the same
16 schools that receive 42 percent of the
dollars send 810?or exactly one-half?of all
the academic members of the advisory panels
to Washington..
Clearly, we are caught up in a vicious
circle.
Let us take the case of Professor A. He is
very learned about X. He gets a grant to do
some research on X?and learns even more
about X. Soon his school becomes known
' as the place to go to do research on X and
attracts even more experts. So Professor A
finds himself on an advisory panel advising
on the directions research in X should take?
and even more prestige enhances his uni-
versity department.
If the Government wants to pay for re-
search in X, where else should they go but to
professor A's school? There is no conspir-
acy?no conflict of interest. If the judgment
to be rendered on the Government's part Is
"where do I get the best research value for
my dollars?" the Government would be silly
to go anywhere but to professor A's univer-
sity.
Our system of reliance on a small number
of large universities for the great bulk of
federally aided scientific research may be the
best Way to get research done?but does it
benefit our schools? More important?does
it benefit our students?
We are beginning now to debate the wis-
dom of this policy. We have seen the symp-
toms of dissatisfaction grow. We have seen
riots on our great campuses, and on small.
We have seen students battle to reverse the
"publish or perish" trend among our
faculties.
We have seen all these things. But the
real tragedy does not lie with young grumb-
IMgs and unrest. The real tragedy lies in
the fact that we have come all this way with-
out seriously considering the consequences of
our actions. We have continued to build up
the dependence of our universities on the
Federal Government?on the fictitious prem-
ise that we were only buying research re-
sults. But what we have really been doing
is changing the character and content of our
children's education.
We have drifted too long. Federal policy
on education must not be based on pure and
simple expediency. Federal policy on educa-
tion must be geared to a massive assault on
ignorance and its evils. Only if this policy
is wisely formed, and expertly administered,
can education achieve its star role in the
Great Society.
ACTION DOMINICAN
REPUBLIC
Mr. LONG of Missouri. Mr. President,
U.S. action in the Dominican Republic
has been determined and decisive in
curbing the threat of further Communist
subversion in the Western Hemisphere.
President Johnson's wisdom in moving
promptly to protect the lives of U.S. citi-
zens has brought high praise from many
sources. I firmly believe that the Presi-
dent has been rightly acclaimed as a
dedicated and effective defender of free-
dom in the Americas.
Recent issues of the Washington Eve-
ning Star have carried two articles in
appraisal of the administration's course
in this troubled area.
Mr. President, I ask unanimous con-
sent that these two articles be printed
in the RECORD.
There being no objection, the articles
were ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
[From the Washington (D.C.) Evening Star,
May 3, 1965]
REDS TAKE OVER DOMINICAN REVOLT
(By Max Freedman)
Early Wednesday afternoon of last week,
the U.S. Ambassador in the Domini-
can Republic reported to Washington that
there was no immediate threat to the per-
sonal safety of American citizens living in
that country.
Exactly 2 hours later Ambassador Ben-
nett, in a second message, reported that the
situation had deteriorated with tragic speed.
The military and police forces supporting
the Dominican Government were no longer
able to control the situation. In some places
there had been an utter collapse of military
efficiency. Officers wept openly at the news
of spreading unrest and at reports of growing
defections.
The Dominican authorities could give no
assurances that the lives or the property of
U.S. citizens would be protected. They were
unable to protect the airfield or the railway
station or the port from which American
citizens could be evacuated.
No longer could they protect the large hotel
or other buildings where some of these Amer-
icans had gathered for safety. Nor were they
able to protect the U.S. Embassy in Santo
Domingo from attack. _
Faced with these accumulating proofs of
a critical situation growing steadily worse,
the Dominican officials strongly urged the
Embassy to advise Washington to send
enough force without delay to protect and
evacuate the endangered American citizens.
The members of the U.S. Embassy,
confronted with this new evidence and listen-
ing to this urgent plea for American troops
to prevent outrages and the tragic loss of
life, unanimously agreed that the time had
come for direct American assistance. Ambas-
sador Bennett conveyed this unanimous rec-
ommendation to Washington and the
marines were soon on their way to the
Dominican Republic.
It seems clear that some military officers
are supporting the revolt and are defying
the cease-fire not because they really believe
In the rebel cause but because they feel they
have no alternative, having once broken
their military oath and taken up arms
against the Government.
Equally clear to Washington is the danger
that the original revolt, started to restore
former President Juan D. Bosch to power, is
being supplanted by highly trained Commu-
nist agents who are seeking to gain control
of a revolutionary situation by an almost
classic application of Communist tactics.
There are three Communist parties in the
Dominican Republic. The first is the Do-
minican Popular Socialist Party, an orthodox
Communist party looking to Moscow for
guidance.
The second is the Dominican Popular
Movement, a small aggressive party with
leanings to China. The third is the 14 July
Movement, not completely Communist in
character but with a strong Castro influ-
ence.
These three groups have not yet formed
a united front. That may come later. They
are still fighting for the leadership of the
revolt. But they are exploiting every weak-
ness, every breakdown in authority, to spread
the influence of Communist power.
Their success can be measured by one
stark and tragic fact. Many of Bosch's origi-
nal supporters have left the revolt and have
gone into hiding.
Officials in Washington have a list of names
of the 58 most important Communist leaders
who have seized key strategic positions in
the revolt and are twisting it into a Commu-
nist pattern. This list contains the names
of these Communists and their military and
technical training as agents of revolutionary
upheaval.
Some of them were trained in Russia,
others in China, still others in Cuba. All of
them have been identified as active and sinis-
ter figures in the present stage of the revolt.
No signs exist as yet of any significant
movement of Communist agents from Cuba
to the Dominican Republic. It is the judg-
ment of Washington officials that Cuba was
taken by surprise by the success which
marked the uprising and the weaknesses
thus revealed in the crumbling fabric of gov-
ernmental power.
The local Communist agents, expertly
trained and strategically placed, moved in
quickly to exploit the situation for Commu-
nist purposes. Cuba's future role has to be
watched carefully.
Bosch's supporters made a serious mistake.
They gave some seized weapons and ammu-
nition to people more eager to loot and plun-
der for private gain than to fight for the
proclaimed cause of the uprising.
Thus, the revolt lost popular favor and
became a weapon of anarchy instead of a
movement to restore Bosch as the last con-
stitutionally elected President. These ex-
cesses drove many moderates into silence or
retreat and again gave added strength to the
Communist minority.
Even at this critical hour the situation
might have been restored if Bosch, by a
greater display of personal daring, had left
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Approved For Release 2003/10/15 : CIA-RDP67600446R000500120030-1
May 11, 1065 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE
exists. Second, it recogniies that every
school child in America, regardless of the
type of school that he attends, is entitled to
the best education attainable.
This $1.3 billion law channels funds to help
the children of the poor; but in so doing, all
American children benefit. It also provides
funds to buy textbooks and expand school
libraries?including the purchase of books
and periodicals. It aims to raise educational
services to all students in our communities,
in any way local school districts see fit.
Bookmobiles, portable science laboratories,
special classes, special projects in music or
the arts or with museums?only the imagi-
nation of our communities themselves will
set the limit.
This new great law also provides for funds
for basic research to find new techniques
and new teaching concepts. And it strives
to strengthen State departments of
education.
Like the elementary and secondary law,
the intent of the higher education bill now
. before Congress is to provide educational
opportunities for needy students attending
any college or university?and to a lesser
extent for all students attending so-called
"developing institutions."
In all of its titles, the $250 million bill is
a general aid to higher education measure.
If this bill becomes law, we could expand
and develop continuing education, com-
munity extension services and adult educa-
tion. We could strengthen college and uni-
versity libraries and train librarians. If this
bill becomes law, we would have up to
160,000 scholarships for qualified high school
students from low-income families.
So we strengthen our massive national
commitments to the cause of education.
But we have not yet taken one step I believe
Is absolutely necessary to complete the
commitment.
What is needed desperately in the Federal
Government is a focal point for education?a
voice at the highest levels of Government?
an agency to coordinate the expanding pro-
grams of Federal aid. In short, we need a
Department of Education.
I proposed such a Department this year in
Congress. I proposed the Department of
Education because a chorus of voices, each
with its own point of view?its own pro-
gram?its own mission, says it speaks for
education today. Nowhere is there a com-
prehensive policy.
The President has made a valiant attempt
to bring order out of chaos. By Executive
order he set up an Interagency Committee
on Education, chaired by a very able and
dedicated man?Francis Keppel, U.S. Com-
missioner of Education.
But where is Dr. Keppel's office? Buried
In the tangled web of the Department of
Health, Education, and Welfare; a Depart-
ment responsible for running nearly 150 dif-
ferent programs, including aid to education,
and with a budget that has soared from un-
der $2 billion in 1953 to more than $7 bil-
lion in fiscal 1966.
But Dr. Keppel and one Office of Education
do not administer most Federal education
spending. This year, less than a third of
Federal funds for education?or $1.6 bil-
lion?is being channeled through the
nominal agency for education, the Office of
Education.
Where is education in the Federal Govern-
ment today? It might be more appropriate
to ask where it isn't. From the green lawns-
of Bethesda's National Institutes of Health
to Foggy Bottom?from the space age world
of NASA to the complex of Health, Education,
and Welfare, 42 separate Federal depart-
ments, bureaus and agencies are involved in
Federal education programs and spending a
total of $5 billion. And each of them makes
educational policy?often indifferent or
ignorant of the broad national objectives in
the field of education. Look at some of the
agencies spending Federal education dollars:
The Department of Health, Education, and
Welfare itself spends $800 million for educa-
tion. These millions are channeled through
the Public Health Service, the Vocational
Rehabilitation Administration and the Wel-
fare Administration?all separate and equal
parts of the Department?all separate from
and equal to the Office of Education.
The Department of Agriculture spends
half a billion dollars a year on education.
Directly concerned with education, the
National Science Foundation will channel
$400 million into our schools and colleges
this year.
The Housing and Home Finance Agency
spends one-third of a billion dollars for
college housing loans, the Labor Department
6362 million, and $77 million is spent for war
orphans and veterans education by the VA.
The Department of Defense, NASA, and
the Atomic Energy Commission together con-
tribute another $443 million to education?
for the most part primarily in the area of
research and science.
And other agencies have their finger in
the education pie: The Department of In-
terior spends $123 million; the State Depart-
ment, $60 million; the District of Columbia
government, $12.5 million; the Canal Zone,
$12.4 million; the Department of Commerce,
$7 million; the Treasury, $6.1 million; the
Justice Department, $9 million; and the Job
Corps of the equal opportunity program,
$190 million.
Next year most of these figures will be
even larger, as we add $1.3 billion from the
recently enacted elementary and secondary
school aid legislation and hopefully $250
million for higher education, to the Federal
education budget.
Each of the agencies I have mentioned has
Its own narrow responsibility; none of them
is concerned with the whole problem of
education. The sums spent by the agencies
in many cases are so large that they can
distort the aims of the overall aid to educa-
tion program. That is the tragedy here.
Every year in Congress, we review and pass
upon the President's budget. We review and
pass on a massive document, complete to the
smallest detail of the salaries of employees
and the distribution of funds. But you can
look all through that massive compilation of
Information?and nowhere will you find a
summary of all the money to be spent for
education. To determine the amounts, you
must look through each Department and
agency's budget?and even then it would be
impossible to discover all the items.
One finds no concise summary. Even more
Important, one finds no one place in the Con-
gress where the impact of the budget on edu-
cation in America is debated or considered.
A Department of Education would change
that. A department could give us a central
source of information and a central point
of responsibility for collecting the necessary
data, assessing its relevance, and recom-
mending a policy. Then Congress could
really do its job of considering various pro-
posals in the light of their total effect on
education in America.
For example, a large slice of the money
spent by the Federal Government in educa-
tional institutions comes from agencies like
the Atomic Energy Commission or the De-
partment of Defense. It is money purely
for R. & D.?research and development. Yet
it has an enormous effect on our universities,
across the board, and this effect raises some
serious questions.
Where have our professors been disap-
pearing lately? Perhaps into the laboratories
with a few select graduate students. Perhaps
into the depths of the Government as con-
sultant. Perhaps to Washington to get them-
selves grant or research contract renewals.
And where has this left the student? In
9783
many cases, the student is left in the middle
of hundreds of his fellows listening to an
aloof figure on the lecture platform?distin-
guished for his works, but unknown to his
students. The student is left to discuss the
course niaterial with a graduate student in
a section meeting. So the student of today
has become more and more anonymous?a
seat in a lecture hall, a number on a card
in the administration office, a statistic in the
university records.
There is a popular song around these days
all about ticky-tacky. I'm sure you've heard
it. I won't presume to sing it for you, but
it does repeat a common theme: It sings of
boxes?little boxes?and they're all made
out of ticky-tacky and they all look just the
same. And it goes on about the people in
the houses, and how they drink their mar-
tinis dry, and how they all look just the
Same. And the people send their children
to the university?and they come out look-
ing just the same.
The song is a bestseller; like most best-
sellers it says something that means some-
thing to you and me. We arc especially the
young among us?greatly concerned with a
loss of individuality. The revolt on the cam-
pus makes big bold headlines. A growing
group of American undergraduates are rebels
against their college administrations.
There are probably many reasons for this
movement. But this much is clear?the
undergraduate wants to feel he belongs to
the university, he wants to feel he is more
than a number, he wants to feel he is im-
portant to the schools. As J. Glenn Gray,
chairman of the philosophy department at
Colorado College put it in the current
Harpers:
"There has hardly been a time, in my ex-
perience, when students needed more atten-
tion and patient listening to by experienced
professors than today. The pity is that so
many of us retreat into research, Government
contracts, and sabbatical travel, leaving
counsel and instruction to junior colleagues
and graduate assistants. In so doing we
deepen the rift between the generations and
at the same time increase the sense of im-
personality, discontinuity, and absence of
community that makes college life less satis-
factory in this decade than it used to be.
What is needed are fewer books and articles
by college professors and more cooperative
search by teacher and taught for an au-
thority upon which to base freedom and in-
dividuality."
If anyone has lured the teacher from the
classroom, it is Uncle Sam.
The Federal Government has helped bring
about a fundamental change in higher edu-
cation in this country?an increasing em-
phasis on research?a decline in the prestige
of the teacher?a growing tendency to in-
volve the academician in the world of gov-
ernment and the world of business. This
change has come?not by design?not
through regular aid-to-education funds but
rather through the back door of research
and development dollars spent in our schools.
Who gets the Federal dollar? What kind
of schools receive this Federal aid to edu-
cation? For Federal aid to education it is,
despite the protestations of the mission-
oriented Government agencies?NASA and
the rest?who administer R. & D. funds.
A few months ago, I asked the heads of
several departments and agencies in Wash-
ington to answer these questions. I asked
the Department of Defense, the Space
Agency, the Department of Health, Educa-
tion, and Welfare, and the Atomic Energy
Commission, and the National Science Foun-
dation to list all the colleges and universities
that had received their R. & D. funds in 1961.
I asked them to list the moneys the recipient
university received. And I asked them to
tell me how many members of faculties
served on their advisory panels, advising
them on the wisdom of their grants.
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9786 Approved For gigimiuMMOAA? 1aktdiklIPE2@1AI44100050012oo3oirlay 11, 1965
It le It is, in the words of the
President
"The excitement of bowling. alwefli be-
coming. Wittig. probing. Millng. resting, and
tering aldtbl?but itimps trying and always
gaining." -
Cubed we stand. And united we gain.
We must gain. Our needs are multiplying.
In 5 years. 211 minion people will live in our
country?half or them under the age ot IS.
In 10 years. we will need?molt yper?over.
2 million new homes. vie will need schools
foe 10 million additional ohUdren rf ? ? wel-
fare and health fisellities for 11,infltion more,
Mop* over the age or Mt.
We intro no time to lose. We Must than.
leoptthe teaks at heed. ?
Ws must make our. *time mere livable?
places where children can play and Men end
mete& ceis work. in safety sod health. -
Vle must preeerve our **twat heritage be--
fors it is tort ? ? ? .vre met; preeerm our
landscape end our rests. We must Im-
ams Man air and water. ? ?
We must And ways 'to 'Wapner mai M.
sena adtuitt tu technologic*/ revolution and
social Change. ? ;
We must solve the problem or suss transit.
The Commuters present in this room know
what I'm talking about.
We have no little dreamt. , We make we
little plana. . , . ?
President Johnson has proposed--sad mer
Congress is lalatton which AMA
help create the freedom ? and meulay . we
seek.
Pxograms to provide ivatit nutlike& ears.
to better *Jumbo our thvis to modittato
poverty, to give each men and Woman twthie
country truly equal opportithity.
These investments catty a Wooten. ? , ? ,..
But the coot per thousand or par man
or per =Mon of Mimi jpeoblems Ulm
illiteracy, school dropouts. poverty. deft-
gooney. and, yen discrintinaUce la ear peat-
* than the ? cost of our, Wort,. to overoothit
those things. ,
We spend 4450 a year per child in our
public ,schools. But we- spend $1,500 a -year
to keep a determent in la. detention ? home.
*1.400 ?It Year foe ?itreklY On. tenet And
113400 a year for an Alkinaie in &ate prison.
We must mak* the investments .nereastry
so that AU in our society may be pcodwritve.
Toor-and uneducated mop* ore poor eon-
sumers. They are a thaist oncOur economy.
They are wasted resources. ? .
But beyond the ecoornale Aped, there Is the
seortility of our erforts.?-. ? ; ? ,/
?Wwth.telestalt, Mee akintips drawn sieength
from, our belief that densooracy OA shit
the grimiest reward dt ells the otntotaunity
fore each man end women to maks some-
Wag bettor of insaaelf, In hi. ,birn way.
We bellow* in the dimity . and worth we
ovary eme?not just our male* sea who*.
but each man in it.
That- is why we satiate a child. MAIM a,
.imento those. Without Jobe Whop* or do the
Wage we must do to insure that each Amer.
loan, whatever his eoler 'or national origin,
shall have hie 'quota *tenon
We must do here at home the respoceibie
tasks of freemen it we ea Americans are to
nye up to our beliefs. I ask your sup-
port and your work for the programs which
will maks thee* things possible. ?
lideo ask your support and work for some-
thing *an for the belief that the world
need sot destroy itself by war. and UM we
Americans can help others, too, in other
places. And a . better ? life.
We hear many *time thee, days saying that
America is overextended in the mid ? ? ?
that other peopWs protegees itiodn't be our
problems ? ? ? thot we ought to elm up
shop overseas and enjoy our fruits here in
the good old U.S.A.
Toe easy my friends. And too dangerous.
Who in the world Wilt work .for tsemoormy
U we do not?
Who in the world can preserve the mom
if we do eat?
Who in the wield tun set the example. ?an
over the needed bane, if we do Mt
?.when there are no more or easy
W. WA i Um* Wheel is soot-
answers. We live in a time when we must
exert our patience as never before. Sam we
the patience, foe hottenee, to continue a die-
agreeable struggle thousands of nMes frota
home?perheps for months and years
ahead?without any guarantee Of Oval
emcees,
I can tell you that the forces of totentari-
*nista have that patielsoil.1 ?
We must stand abroad as we steed et
home! for the 'pledges made by Anweiosiis
tillo*ulte boffin MI: ? We tined TOM rimier=
afld Judie, -*Loud% to greet*. it ? ? ? peg
defend tt.
President Johnson has made his **unit. -
mint to an or us. I fain him in that
oommitmentiv... ,?..1? ?
? - Vir
At;
THE /MB VINfnuoz-31v
Mr. CIRUIRSDP3. igr.lorseklent, uni-
versity commindtles?tamiltles and 'In-
dent bodies-4na1kide a very eubstantial-
Minim% of, 0PPOnents at our soutbesat
Ada 11411Ctell... 'They properly reject Sec-
1:MaXY of Mate Rusk's chiding of the
academie world for whit he chows to
label. he "stubborn disregard ?rot plain
facts,' ? A' reply :from New lIngland uni-
versity facelty members was published se
a three-quarter page advertisement in
last Sunday Net:fork Times. It points
otit.their vimr that Settetitry Rusk and
the sdeethletreAtan enakelniei ore the
ones- who aro exilty at "stubborn dine-
mad of the facts.0'?. ? ?
? The adVartisementwee Signed by deer
760 faetiltYliteinbers Of 26 New lIngland
universities. Ilarvard leads the list. With
200 -signers. , -Alessachwoetts Institute of
Technology is second. with .127, Bran-
deis is third. with 00; Yal, fourth. with
OA Baotou University hair -411: North,.
eastern University and 'Tufts Urdveretty,
43 each. Cdberi are: 'Andover Newton
Theological School. neaten C011effe.
Brown Univereito, Clarit;Z toufeity. 001-
lege' of thik School.
11017.-
Oit&
dard Oollegei, College. .itudth
College, University-et Connecticut. Dab.
versity of Verasont.'Worcester Polytech-
nic Institute, Cardinal Cushirot College.
Nithetten, Willicins, and
an, limited** One 013hc
standing !Malty tnemtilis;', but 1- do get
libib to; IsUgaint.Rie.,tiblio .Prbitair by
hiving the list printed the Ream.
However, I do ask unanimous consent
that the text of the message. entitled `A
Reply to Secretary Rusk on Vietnam,*
be printed at this point in my remarks
In the Rscorte.
. There being no obJectIon, the excerpt
from- the advertisement was ordered ' to
be printed in the Recorte, as follows:
{Prom the New Yost Tinos. flay 0, 10651
A Reny to escarrsee linen on Vuentatt
In his addiesit on April 25 lietore the
lean Society of international law, Secretary
or State Bean faith attacked soldeninnorides
of the adtnintehation for talking "nonsense
about the Mum ? of the st e" in Viet-
nam. Ile continued: "I sometimes wonder
at the gullibility of educated rneu and the
stubborn disregard of plain facts by man who
are supposed to be helping our young to
learn--especially to learn how to think.-
This abusive language suggests that the ad-
miniMation *ratite to Atom its attics. .
This' suggestion Is confirmed by simians-
lions from other adminietration epelcesmen
about the loyalty of such crake. Precisely in
this time of crisis, however, the academie
community has both ? right and an oblige-
1104 to point out hazards and inconsistencies
in our military and diplomatic policy.
It is easy to see why the Secretary of ?Hete-
t* 10g17. The reasons have to do
with "gunibillty" in the readmit commu-
nity. He is angry because the feet, end wider
obosiderations brought up by Woe critical
have contradicted so many odkdal pronounee-
Mints. it is not the scholars tekt-tbe leaders
of the atimaistrstion who letve shown w
"stubborn disregard Of Plain faft&"
Main F AMU
For maniple, on March ea, MI. Preeident
Jonagoa said, "We seek no mom than a se-
turn to the essentials of the agreement. of
1954?a reliable agreement to guarantee the
indestendence and mcurity of alt in southeast
Asia." But the "plant hut* is that the
Geneva agreement did not provide for ? Mei..
Non ot Vietnam into two &Moen On the
Maier,, the agreement spoke of the two
porta of Vietnam as "regrouping SOW" atul
saki that "the military demarcation line is
provisional and should not in any way be
interpreted as omatitiating a political or ter-
Morita bounden." It Provided that
"? ? ? general elections shall be held in July,
UM, under the supervision ot an inter-
national commission ? ? ?." So such unify-
ing ens:Alone have been held.. TM IMMO re-
gime. with United States approval, refused.
Wet Mos, the United Males has theists*
that Vietnam remain divided.
On April 7, 1965, the President g^ ave an-
other description of the administration's
goals. He said. "Tonight &meioses and
Asians' are dying for a world where each
people may choose its own path to change."
and further on : "Our objective is the inde-
pendence of South Vietnam, and Its freedom
from attack. .We went nothi4 for our-
selves?only that the people ot South Viet-
nam be allowed to guide theft own muutry
In their mu my." The plain Mei is that
the reale of American intervention is Mem-
patties with the goal of self-deterathastion.
North .Vittnam has, to be mum intervened
' by helping the Vietcong. But at story stogy
of the war the scale of Artmerloan Warm-
tien'tes been' far greatee.- .11be meacer er
combat shove that we have seteivilsettoulli
Vietnam With -every kind of etiltedt'squip-
Mist law terrain allows. We eanitt trot,'
and Supplies continually.We deep napalm
ed *populations littecniteglied Wlth
geserrinee. We burn and defoliate crepe and
forest.. Wo have resorted to incelpecitettng
gee. An intervention as massive m this doge
net furnish a choice to the people. It de-
prives them of one
sommur retroesa or ' Pilot Mtra
If American actions In Vletnain are de-
re:Male, administration attempts to defend
them should square with the pieta tents.
134M-deception about Arassissis intervention
can be a greater peril than disortatitutting
protest. Only by ritommising ibmallablinl-
ties of the situation Gan ere resoliseeted with
the deepest levels of the American eoneelence
and with the common ?omelettes of man-
Mad. The administration may have wina
Weed the discreet *Ilene* es? the grudging
UPeervic? of some torsion governmeeta and
of some VS'. Senators. but the Meares and
ineonsistencise of the peaseet policy as.
widely reorspueen both at noise *ad islets:ad.
'The siteatiou In Venoms salsas Wises
moral questions, not merely dipioceseir toad
tactical ones, ea a nation Wa beldiinininase
power. To permit It to be lime In vecidess
and barbarous ways is to imperil the entire
basis of American leadership.
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE 9791
my office received a letter from Nathan
H. Cohen, president of Monarch Con-
struction corp., developers of the Amer-
ican Towne House. At that time, sug-
gestions and comments on Monarch's
program were requested. Knowing
very little about Mr. Cohen's enterprise,
I merely replied, in a routine fashion,
that I strongly favored middle-income
housing projects, and that his programs
seemed designed to produce such
projects.
Shortly after that, there was published
a full-page advertisement which con-
tained both my letter and letters from
many other Senators and from Members
of the House of Representatives. The
impression created by the advertisement
was that all those whose letters appeared
there were endorsing and praising the
Monarch Construction Corp. ?An en-
dorsement was not my intention; and I
strongly condemn the careless use of my
name in a commercial advertisement of
this type.
What has particularly distressed me is
that I have recently received information
that Mr. Cohen, the Monarch Construc-
tion Corp., and the American Towne
House program have been charged with
numerous instances of fraud and deceit,
and are now under intensive investiga-
tion by the office of the U.S. Attorney.
Therefore, I wish to reiterate and to
make crystal clear, for the purposes of
anyone interested in these enterprises,
that I have never given any commercial
endorsement to this concern, and that
Mr. Cohen has been instructed to cease
all use of my name in his advertise-
ments. It is my sincere hope that no
unsuspecting buyer has been led astray
by the appearance of these misleading
newspaper advertisements.
PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S ACTION IN
REGARD TO THE DOMINICAN RE-
PUBLIC ,
Mr. TALMADGE. M.?kiesident,
once again all Americans have every
reason to be proud of the President of
the United States for the swift and de-
cisive manner in which he has exercised
his position as leader of the free world.
The President's determination to re-
sist communistic aggression, wherever
it may exist, and especially in the West-
ern Hemisphere, was never more clear
than in his swift action to aid in the
perilous situation last week in the
Dominican Republic.
While the United States and the Pres-
ident may receive some criticism in the
world community, and even within the
boundaries of our own Nation, I, for one,
want to go on record as affirming my
confidence in his action and my pride
in his leadership. As President Johnson
said time and time again, the United
States desires to extend its control over
no other nation and no other territory.
We merely desire to insure that any
country which wishes to do so, may freely
choose its own form of government, with-
out outside intereference.
Anyone who has doubts about the in-
tentions of the United States need only
reflect upon the words. of President
Johnson in his address to the Nation on
the nature of our commitment in the
Dominican Republic:
Our goal in the Dominican Republic is the
goal which has been expressed again and
againl in the treaties and agreements which
make up the fabric of the inter-American
system. It is that the people of that coun-
try must be permitted to freely choose the
path of political democracy, social justice
and economic progress.
The action of the President can in no
way be interpreted as a return to "gun-
boat diplomacy." The primary reason
for sending in marines was to protect
American lives when law and order com-
pletely broke down in that war-torn
country, and when officials of the Domin-
ican Republic informed the United
States authorities that they could no
longer insure the safety of Americans.
The marines were protecting both the
lives of Americans and the lives of thou-
sands of citizens of the Dominican Re-
public and of citizens of European and
other Latin American republics, which
were made safe because of the action of
President Johnson.
Furthermore, all Americans and the
citizens of all other countries should be
reassured that the United States is not
interfering in foreign internal politics or
ting sides with any of the factions in
the Dominican Republic uprising. Our
sole purpose is to protect human lives
and to insure that the cancer of com-
munism does not gain another foothold
In our own backyard.
The United States has announced and
demonstrated its good intentions in the
Dominican Republic by providing food
for the hungry and medical supplies and
treatment for the sick and the wounded
in that troubled area.
Surely, for these reasons, all freedom-
loving people of Latin America who
yearn for the decency and dignity of de-.
mocracy will join President Johnson in
his hope that shooting and bloodshed will
cease and that a stable government will
be instituted in the Dominican Republic.
It has been a source of pride for me to
see the response from the editors of our
Nation's newspapers to the President's
actions in Latin America. Eugene Pat-
terson, the Atlanta Constitution, and the
outstanding editorial department of that
newspaper have been in the forefront of
informed news analysis. I ask unani-
mous consent to have printed in the REC-
ORD three of the informative editorials
which have been published in the At-
lanta Constitution.
There being no objection, the editori-
als were ordered to be printed in the REC-
ORD, as follows:
[From the Atlanta Constitution, May 1, 19651
GIVE UP WHAT IN VIETNAM?
(By Eugene Patterson)
My difference with the quit-in-Vietnam
wing of U.S. liberalism is a deep one because
I believe they are advocating?without mean-
ing to, which makes it worse?that this Na-
tion quit on liberalism. The sword they de-
mand be surrendered is their own.
In varying degrees of anguish or triumph
these good people write to tell me the Viet-
cong is winning thus far, which is true, that
President Johnson ought to negotiate an end
to the war, which they do not seem to recog-
nize is the very thing he is trying to do,
and that the United States is just plain
wrong in Vietnam, anyway, which is an in-
credible irony, coming from them.
For it will be peaceseeking idealism, not
hotspur jingoism, that will lose if the United
States loses in Vietnam.
This country had its taste of the dangers
and failures of Dulles-Radford brinkman-
ship based on a politics of status quo and
threats of massive nuclear wax. Then lib-
eralism especially was cheered when Presi-
dent Kennedy and President Johnson tried
to limit the nuclear danger by developing the
Option of limited war.
Failure in Vietnam will mean the failure
of that option, rekindling all the dangers in-
herent in a resurgence of the bomb-Moscow
mentality.
Civic action, counterinsurgency, grassroots
aid, U.S. special forces?these were Mr. Ken-
nedy's bright new hopes for prevailing
against communism's small "wars of libera-
tion" on the home ground without having to
pulverize Peiping.
The bomber wing at the Pentagon never
did much approve. The new tactics were
based on helping the people e were to
defend; on creating political and economic
systems that were to be better for them than
any other; on teaching national armies to
become the friends and helpers of their own
peoples, and not just instruments of author-
ity or tools of feudalism. It was to be an
historic experiment, based on the codes of
military honor, to humanize the soldiery, to
use the plowshare as well as the gun, to repel
the guerrilla aggressor by winning the peo-
ple to something better.
In short, it was to be an experiment in
Idealism, a search for a positive pro-people
program as an alternative to a negative anti-
communism frozen in the nuclear syndrome.
Naive, gullible, infantile?all these adjec-
tives have fitted mistakes made during the
tryout of this new kind of war in Vietnam.
But one would have expected to hear them
come from the big-war believers in nuclear
force, and not from the wing of political
thought that advocates more idealistic so-
cial and economic reform and less blind
reliance on the bomb.
Yet now that the going has gotten rough,
and mistakes have mounted, and success
has not come conveniently within sight?
and indeed, may not?the demand that we
give up comes first and loudest from the
very people who ought to stay longest and
fight hardest.
With no illusions at all about the many
failures our experiment in idealism has suf-
fered in Vietnam, I'll say, thanks. War is
with us. I am proud my country has tried?
whether it fails or not, has tried?to learn
limited war based on creation of needed re-
forms, as an alternative to unlimited war
based on unfeeling power. Those are, I am
afraid, the untidy alternates.
[From the Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution,
May 1, 1965]
SWIFT U.S. ACTION IN DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
WAS NECESSARY; IT'S Now UP TO OAS
Vietnam is not the only trouble spot for
the United States and its long-range goal
of world peace. Our awesome power, which
has prevented a major conflagration, has not
prevented those frustrations of nationalist
revolutions, rivalries and clashes between
states and the ever-present threat of a major
explosion.
We're now involved in the Dominican Re-
public, the Caribbean island co.untry, which
is in the throes of a violent revolution. An
undisclosed number of Marines and airborne
troops have landed on the island, presum-
ably to protect Americans until such time as
they can be evacuated. Estimates of the
number of troops already involved range up
to 5,000, indicating our ability to move swiftly
and perhaps decisively in what obviously has
been determined in Washington to be an
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9792 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? SENATE May 11, 1965
attempted repetition of Castro's Communist
takeover in Cuba.
Already there are Outraged voices from
some of the members Of the Organization
of American States. Memories of the old
cry, "the Marines have landed," have aroused
lingering suspicions of the giant from the
north. Faced with the necessity of a quick
decision to protect American nationals, Presi-
dent Johnson had no time to consult OAS
members. If at the same time he was fol-
lowing the Hennedy doctrine that this coun-
try will not tolerate Communist takeovers
of any more Latin republics, he has acted
in our own and the hemisphere's interests.
The President disclaims any intent of
occupying the Dorniniean Republic. But
the presence of American troops will tend
to act as a brake on 'violence, permitting
the OAS to move in as ' intermediary in the
absence of an organiied government. If
necessary, our presence will prevent a Com-
munist takeover, Castro-style, which no
Latin country wants.
The Dominican Republic, after its many
"years of dictatorial rule by Trujillo, faces a
long and tortuous road to democracy. After
his years of cruel dictatorship, the door to
an even more cruel dictatorship of the left
has been left open. That is the vacuum into
which the United States has been forced to
move and the OAS should lend its support.
The main concern now is to establish a rea-
sonable government so that the marines can
leave.
[From the Atlanta Constitution, Apr. 30,
1965]
THE JOHNSON BRAND
(By Eugene Patterson)
WASHINGTON.?Disparaged often as a
merely political animal, President Johnson
likes to point earnestly and a little sensi-
tively to the character of his appointees.
The Johnson cadre now taking full form
can hardly be called partisan, he points out.
He adds that he simply sent for the best
men, that none among them asked him for
the job they got.
This President has, in truth, gone about
staffing the Government in unique ways.
For his principal tarentscout he did not
choose a political adviser but a civil service
professional, John Macy. Macy does oper-
. ate loosely through the politically knowl-
edgeable White House staff, but they report
back to him and he recommends to the
President. Their telephone inquiries cover
the country and final selections are made
from long lists of carefully weighed possi-
bilities.
The faces fit no set forms. Nicholas
Katzenbach, an abrupt and intense intellec-
tual, and john Doer, a ruggedly reticent
John Wayne type, were considered Itennedy
men (even though Doar joined the Justice
Department under Ike). But Mr. Johnson
chose them for his own, on merit, as Attor-
ney General and chief of Justice's civil
rights division respectively.
Secretary of the Treasury Henry Fowler is
small and silver haired, soft spoken and
pleasant?a southerner. ("You fellows have
a dynamic base down there in Atlanta," he
says.) But the steel shows in his eyes, his
mind is quick and his word is firm. He may
work some quiet surprises.
Secretary of Commerce Conner is a strong
man in a post that has not always been
strongly filled. He has differed in the past
and still does with some L.B.J. A
maverick and a man of action, he has about
him a tough vitality that you sense in the
top businessmen. He stopped for lunch is
Atlanta a couple of years ago, when he waE
head of the Merck pharmaceutical empire
and I remember him then etc:Pressing somE
reservations about Medicare. But not blinc.
ones. He felt industrial retirement plans
had created the inadequacy of medical caro
I 3r the elderly masses, and he was searching
Its mind for some positive way whereby pri-
tate employers might fill the gap before
government did.
Of the now Johnson crop, one of the most
iMpressive is Adm. W. P. (Red) Raborn, Jr.,
who was sworn in Wednesday as chief of the
(IA. Sandy haired and weatherbeatert,
gaborn is a hardflsted administrator who
demands the impossible. In developing the
:?olaris submarine missile years ahead of
schedule, he got it. But he laughs off com-
?niments about that. "I know what they
mean when they call me the father of
?olaris," he smiles. "They know how little
the father has to do with the baby?and they
know it's somebody else who really has to_get
the job done."
Raborn recalls with pleasure, incidentally,
a recent trip to Callaway Gardens in Georgia.
He says he has been a great admirer of
Georgia Representative HOWARD (BO) CALLA-
WAY since the Congressman let him fish his
well-stocked bass pond.
ARMENIAN INDEPENDENCE DAY,
1965
Mr. FELL. Mr. President, today we
live in an era when the future of many
groups of peoples around the world
hangs in the balance. The world is un-
settled and no one can now say how the
pieces will fall back together. Uncer-
tainty and instability are the rule in
many areas of every Major continent.
The nature and rate of economic and
political progress will unfortunately not
be determined solely by the people them-
selves, but instead by the larger struggle
known as the cold war.
Self-determination of peoples remains,
a noble ideal which we shall never aban-
don no matter how difficult it is to
? achieve in practice, and in spite of the
apparent permanence and stability of
oppression from without. The 47th an-
niversary of the Armenian peoples'
declaration of independence on May 10,
was a reminder that the situation of
minorities and nations today is nothing
new to history. We learned a bitter
lesson from the events that followed the
achievement of independence of the
Armenian people and many others in
1918. We learned that minority na-
tionalities cannot maintain their own
independence unaided in the face of
more powerful neighbors.
Today it is our policy to try to forestall
this all-too-familiar pattern. We finally
have come to the realization that a pas-
sive role, and the attempt to be a side-
line umpire play into the hands of the
aggressive power seekers and ideologs at
loose in the world.
The Armenian Republic was not only
a victim of her oppressors, but a victim
also of apathy and inaction on the part
of those who could have helped her be-
fore it was too late. The historic home-
land of the Armenian people was at-
tacked and divided in 1920 by the ancient
enemies, Russia and Turkey, taking ad-
vantage of the general state of postwar
chaos and exhaustion to dominate oth-
ers and extend their borders.
There is not a single barbarity known
to man that the Armenian peoples have
not suffered. For many people in the
Western World their first realization of
genocide was that of the Nazis in World
War II. But in 1915, while the great
powers were locked in the First World
War, Turkey took the opportunity to
massacre and deport nearly 2 million
Armenians within the crumbling sphere
of Turkish power.
It is a tribute to the vitality and re-
sourcefulness of the Armenian people
that they were able to establish them-
selves as an independent republic only 3
years later when the opportunity came.
We salute the Armenian people and pray
that their unquenchable spirit of freedom
will once again find expression in the
world's political structure.
MISSOURI RIVER RESOLUTIONS
Mr. McGOVERN. Mr. president, I ask
unanimous consent to have printed in the
Moose 10 resolutions adopted by the
Missouri River States Committee, and
forwarded to me by Gov. Nils Boe, of
South I)akota. The resolutions deal with
resources matters before the Congress,
and will consequently be of wide interest.
There being no objection, the resolu-
tions were ordered to be printed in the
REcoark, as follows:
REsorairroN 1?WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH
LABORATORY
Resolution of Missouri River States Com-
mittee, Omaha, Nebr., April 15, 1965
Whereas the Missouri River is-the longest,
river in the United States; and,
Whereas this river serves some 529,000
square miles of land important to the welfare
of both Canada and the United States; and
Whereas water is the lifeblood of this area
Serving human, natural habitat, agricultural
and industrial needs; and
Whereas the quality of this water must be
maintained at a level to serve intended uses;
and
Whereas the development of this area tends
to degrade this water quality to a level unfit
for intended use; and
Whereas the degradation of this water is
peculiar to this area, demanding special
restorative measures and practices; and
Whereas the Secretary of Health, Educa-
tion, . and Welfare, under Public Law 89-88,
approved July 20, 1961, shall establish, equip,
and maintain field laboratory and research
facilities in various sections of the country
to prevent and control water pollution; and
Whereas laboratory sites have already been
selected for several. reigons outside the
boundaries of the Missouri River Basin, mak-
ing service to this basin impractical, if not
impossible: Now, therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Missouri River States
Committee on this 15th day of April 1965,
requests the Secretary of Health, Education,
and Welfare to locate a regional water pollu-
tion research laboratory in the Missouri River
Basin at a site selected on the basis of the
criteria set forth in the Gross committee
report, Department of Health, Education,
and Welfare, 1962.
RESOLUTION 2--S011, CONSERVATION AND ACP
FUNDS
Resolution of Missouri River States Com-
mittee, Omaha, Nebr., April 15, 1965
Whereas the work of millions of years in
soil formation can be completely destroyed
in et century, a generation, or overnight.
Therefore, soil conservation is the most im-
portant of all resource conservation pro-
grams, for it is from this resource that the
food. and fiber for this generation and all
future generations must come.
Whereas preventable erosion of topsoil
through lack of adequate soil conservation
contributes to the floods so damaging to
both rural and urban areas. Uncontrolled
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The fact is, however that in the Dominican
Republic the emergency was believed to be
so acute that there was no time for a
thorough inquiry before acting, and that
neither the Charter of the OAS nor the ex-
isting setup of the OAS provided the ma-
chinery for dealing with the emergency. It
can be said, as President Bosch is saying,
that his supporters were on the verge of win-
ning when President Johnson stepped in.
But it appeared to President Johnson that
Communists trained by Castro were very
near to seizing control of the Bosch rebellion.
If they had done so, the situation in the
Dominican Republic might well have been
irreversible. There would then have been no
more constitutional elections. The U.S. in-
tervention, though it was unilateral and in
Violation Of Article 15, has to be justified
on the ground that it prevented an irrever-
sible situation, whereas now the way is still
open for a democratically elected govern-
ment.
If the United States is to come out of the
affair with clean hands, it must persuade its
neighbors in this hemisphere that the char-
ter, which was adopted in 1948, must be sup'-
plemented and developed in order to meet
the conditions which were not known or
realized 17 years ago in 1948. The charter
was based on the proposition that, with the
defeat of Hitler in 1945, there was no further
external threat to the peace of the hemi-
sphere, and that the problem was how to end
forever the U.S. interventions in Latin Amer-
ican affairs which had been going on for
something like a hundred years. Article 15
is directed to this.
? The United States agreed to the doctrine
of the charter, being itself convinced that
the hemisphere had nothing further to fear
from Europe, and that the U.S. interventions
in order to protect Ameriain interests were
out of date. But what neither the Latin
American governments nor the United States
realized in 1948 was that an American Re-
public, Cuba, was to undergo a revolution
that might make it, as happened in 1962, a
military outpost of a foreign power.
For this contingency the OAS was not pre-
pared, and public opinion in the American
Republics was not prepared. Even before
the Cuba missiles crisis of October 1962, as
a matter of fact, as early as the autumn of
1961, the American Republics have been
talking about the problem. The Conference
at Punta del Este, Uruguay, was convoked in
December 1961 in order to discuss the prob-
lem of "the intervention of extracontinental
powers directed toward breaking American
solidarity." (From the resolution of the
Council of the OAS on December 4, 1961.)
The fact of the matter is that the OAS had
not carried that discussion to a point where
the organization was ready to deal with the
emergency which broke out last week. It is
this deficiency which needs to be repaired,
and only when Itis repaired will our uni-
lateralism in the emergency be overcome and
our violation of the letter of an inadequate
treaty be purged.
It is, I believe, upon such a foundation of
candor and humility that we can bring about
the solidarity of the hemisphere. On our
part, candor and humility compel us to
admit that we acted outside the law because
we deemed it obsolete for the emergency.
On the part of our neighbors, candor and
humility call for a recognition that the OAS
is an underdeveloped institution for realizing
the ideals which it proclaims.
EVANS AND NOVAK BIAS IS
SHOWING- .,c)
The SPEAKER pro tempo?. Under
Previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Ohio [Mr. Asnsitoox] is rec-
ognized for 10 minutes.
Mr. ASHBROOK. Mr. Speaker, I take
this time to again call attention to the
recurring effort of many news commen-
tators and writers to treat the left and
right in American political thinking in a
different and, I feel, unfair manner. I
have pointed out several occasions where
the New York Times referred to "far
right" or "rightwingers" while at the
same time calling their counterpart "lib-
erals" with no adjective.
In the Washington Post column of
Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, which
was carried on Sunday, May 9, 1965, we
once again see this device. I point this
out with particular interest because it
has long been the stock and trade of
Marquis Childs, Walter Lippmann and,
other writers of the left but not Evans
and Novak. They have usually been
fairer. Referring to the seven Demo-
crats who voted against the $700 million
additional authorization for Vietnam and
the Dominican Republic military ven-
tures, Evans and Novak charitably re-
ferred to them as super liberals.
Now there is a real label?super liber-
als, In the same article they refer to
a "group of rightwing Republicans who
financed Ronald Reagan's speeches."
Now, tell me Rowland and Bob why is it
"far right" or "rightwing" when it comes
to conservatives and Republicans but it
is only "liberals," or in this case "super
liberals" when it comes to the other side
of the political spectrum?
This is not to take anything away from
the small group of Congressmen whicb
opposed the President's request. They
are very ardent in their views but by any
honest political termination they would
be as far left as the right-wing backers
of the Ronald Reagan speeches of last
fall. Why is it that most writers con-
tinue to use this unfair terminology in
labeling the various shades of American
political thought?
The conservatives never seem to get
a fair break. Is this deliberate? You
can read the New York Times for weeks
and rarely see "left wing," "far left" or
"leftist" but they label most conserva-
tives by the "far-right," "right-winger"
label.
The entire article is included at this
point in the RECORD:
L.B.J. FEEDS ON GOP: PRESIDENT QUICK To
SNATCH UP FORD'S IDEA OP VIET FUND AS
VEHICLE POR SUPPORT
(By Rowland Evans and Robert Novak)
All Washington has been ooh-ing and ah-
lug about President Johnson's political
mastery in getting a congressional vote of
confidence for his foreign policy without
realizing that the idea really came from a
Republican: House Minority Leader GERALD
Forth, of Michigan.
The Ford assist came Sunday night
during a bipartisan emergency session of
congressional leaders called at the White
House by Mr. Johnson because of the Do-
minican crisis.
With congressional leaders from both par-
ties seated around the Cabinet table, the
President made it clear he was upset about
the Capitol Hill sniping?Democratic snip-
ing?against the U.S. hard line in Viet-
nam and the Dominican Republic. Through
much of this monolog, Mr. Johnson was
glaring at Senator J. WILLIAM FULBRIGHT, of
Arkansas, his old friend who has called for
a pause in the bombing of North Vietnam.
9859
Mr. Johnson implied that Congress ought
to show the world it really backs up his
policies. Moreover, he went on, if his critics
in Congress desired, they could amend the
resolution of August 1964, giving him a blank
check in Vietnam.
It was at this point that FORD got his in-
spiration. Congressional resolutions are old
hat, he said. Besides, that blank check au-
thorization on Vietnam was passed by Con-
gress only last August. Asked FORD:
Wouldn't .it be more effective for Congress
to give the President a vote of confidence by
passing a special appropriation for Vietnam?
Mr. Johnson snatched FORD'S fast ball and
ran with it. He sent the $700 million re-
quest to Congress 2 days later (after first
taking it up privately with White House
aids).
Although the money isn't really needed,
the appropriation was widely billed as a dis-
play of confidence. Moreover, there were
fewer defecting Democrats (only seven
superliberals in the House) than would have
been the case with a policy resolution.
A footnote: Although the appropriation
was a Republican idea, House Republican
leaders had to work hard to get a unanimous
Republican vote. One conservative southern
Republican was ready to vote "no"?not be-
cause he opposes a hard foreign policy but
because he opposes unnecessary appropria-
tions.
An offer by the California group of right-
wing Republicans who financed Ronald
Reagan's speeches on television last fall has
been rejected by House Republican leaders.
The offer: To promote a regular series of
money-raising political shows over nation-
wide TV.
This group is the old TV-for-Goldwater-
Miller Committee headed by James Kilroy,
a militantly conservative Los Angeles realtor.
The Kilroy committee has sent public rela-
tions man, Robert Raisbeck, to Washington
on several visits the past few months.
Raisbeck's mission was to get permission
from the House Republican campaign com-
mittee, headed by Representative Has Wn..-
sox, of California, to starts regular series of
money-raising political shows (to get con-
tributions from viewers). Initially financed
by the Kilroy committee, the shows' pro-
ceeds would go to House candidates in 1966.
Most important, the programs would have
been produced under the overall direction of
Ralsbeck's firm, P.R. Counsellors, Ltd. (which
produced the Reagan shows for the Kilroy
committee).
Wilson, House Republican leader GERALD
Foie) and National Party Chairman Ray Bliss
were understandably suspicious.
What worried them was that in the hands
of militant conservatives like Kilroy (who
still controls an estimated $160,000 left from
the Goldwater-Miller campaign), the films
might embarass the Republican Party.
To guard against the possibility, Raisbeck
and two members of the Kilroy committee
on their last visit here guaranteed not to
interfere with the political. "line" of the TV
series.
But Wir...sox and Foal) remained skeptical.
More significantly, so did Bliss. Again they
said "no." Kilroy will have to look elsewhere
to spend his money.
Alaska's Democratic Senator, ERNEST
GRUEN/NG, IS hurting badly back home be-
cause of his passionate opposition to Presi-
dent Johnson's no-retreat policy in Vietnam.
What is damaging the 78-year-old Senator
is not so much his stand on southeast Asia
but the fact that his violent disagreement
With the President has undercut his prestige
in.the White House.
More than any other State, Alaska depends
on the good will of the Federal Government.
It lives on Federal benefits. There are deep
fears that these benefits might be affected
as a result of the Gruening-Johnson split.
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9860 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD ? HOUSE
Despite this, GanEtyma voted against the
President's request for $700 million for the
war effort in Vietnam but (attempting to
temper the effect of that vote) came out
strongly in favor of Mr. Johnson's interven-
tion in the Dominican Republic.
NEED FOR IMMIGRATION REFORM
(Mr. OTTINGER (at the request of
Mr. KREBS) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous
matter.)
Mr. OTTINGER. Mr. Speaker, on
January 13 of this year we were privi-
leged to receive a message from the
President on a matter vital not only to
our country but to our friends and neigh-
bors overseas as well. On the same day,
my distinguished colleague from New
York [Mr. CELLER] introduced a bill to
effect the President's proposals?HR.
2580.
Because this legislation is of such great
significance, I should like to take this
opportunity to present the statement I
sent to Subcommittee No. 1 of the Com-
mittee on the Judiciary for insertion into
the hest-rings on H.R. 2580:
STATEMENT 05' HON. RICHARD L. ?WINGER, OF
NEW YORK, TO SUBCOMMITTEE No. 1 OF THE
HOUSE COMMITTEE ON THE JIM/DIARY, CON-
CERNING HR. 2580, A BUJ, To AMEND THE
IMMIGRATION AND NATIONALITY ACT
Mr. Chairman, I thank you and the mem-
bers of the committee fOr allowing me to
submit a written statement into the hear-
ings on H.R. 2580?a measure of great im-
partance and one on which action is long
overdue.
I feel there are few areas in our law which
more urgently demand reform than our pres-
ent unfair system of choosing the Muni-
grants we will allow to enter the United
States, particularly under the archaic and in-
equitable national origins quota system.
This system embarasses us in the eyes of
other nations, it creates cruel and unneces-
sary hardship for many of our own citizens
with relatives abroad, and it is a source of
loss to the economic and creative strength
of our country.
While I believe that our immigration laws
must first serve the best interests of our
Nation and must contain a clearly defined
system of selective controls, I feel that the
provisions contained in H.R. 2580 are far
better than the national ,origins quota sys-
tem, which makes no attempt at all to dis-
tinguish which immigrants will best serve
the interests of our Nation. As President
Kennedy so aptly noted in his book "A Nation
of Immigrants": "The use of a national
origins system is without basis in either logic
or reason. It neither satisfies a natinoal
need nor accomplishes an international pur-
pose. In an age of interdependence among
nations such a system is an anachronism,
for it discriminates among applicants for
admission into the United States on the basis
of accident of birth."
It is my belief that the bill under discus-
sion would make it easier to bring to the
United States persons with special skills and
attainments that we need and want; it would
reunite thousands of our citizens with mem-
bers of their families from whom they are
now needlessly separated; it would remove
from our law a discriminatory system of
selecting immigrants that is a standing af-
front to millions of our citizens and our
friends overseas; and,2 it would provide for
the needs of refugees and serve our tradi-
tional policy of aiding those made homeless
by c itastrophe or oppression. In essence,
this tneasure would accomplish all these nec-
essary goals without damaging the interests
of any person or group, either here or over-
seas.
It is obvious that if a change were not
necessary in our immigration laws, four Pres-
lden wbuld never have called attention to
this serious liaV7 in our legislation.
Scale sections of our immigration laws are
part.cularly unjust, such as that which in-
Vail Is the Asia-Pacific Triangle where the
quotas are not on the basis of one's place
of birth but rather on their racial ancestry.
As o ur distinguished Secretary of State
notf,d: "It represents an overt statutory dis-
crimination against more than one-half of
the world's population."
Of almost equal inequity is the fact that
numb of the total quota goes unused each
yea. Thus, while England and Ireland are
assigned 88,000 persons a year, or about one-
hal: the total for all nations, and use only
abcut 32,000 persons annually, most of the
other countries of the world must suffer
under small quotas which are, in the greater
malority of cases, heavily oversubscribed.
Our great Nation was built by immigrants
of iourage and ability who came from many
lar ds. We have benefited from the genius
of men who came to our country, often
seeking religious, political or intellectual
freedom?men such as Albert Einstein, Neils
Bohr, Enrico Fermi and thousands of others.
Or country has prospered not only econom-
Luny from the contributions of these people,
but also socially and culturally.
Cinder the protections provided in this bill,
I tin convinced that the proposed law con-
tutes no threat to our labor force. Gov-
ernmental studies show that the present
quality of immigration results in the crea-
tion of more jobs than the immigrants them-
selves take and, in many cases, the immi-
gi ants are highly skilled and can make major
contributions to our science and industry.
This bin emphasizes needed skills whereas
eeisting legislation virtually ignores them.
I would submit as a further safeguard,
however, that while preferences should be
provided to meet particular labor shortages,
I do feel that this preference must be pre-
cisely defined and properly administered.
furthermore, I feel a definite distinction
reeds to be made between those jobs which
ere permanent and those of purely a seasonal
r temporary nature.
Another provision which is salutory is the
establishment of an Immigration Advisory
Board. I feel this Board would be most use-
lid in providing in-depth evaluation of the
fyperation of the new law. Also, this Board.
tvould serve to help remove Some of the in-
slistices in the present system by adminis-
:aring the pool of unused quotas during the
yearly reduction of these quotas. However,
in decisions pertaining to the existence of
labor shortages in particular fields, I feel the
Secretary of Labor should be given a more
active and clearly defined role than Is appar-
ently envisaged. The Secretary of Labor
possesses the necessary information on which
to base sound judgments in this area of
concern.
In essence, then, it is my belief that HR.
2580 will clarify our policy and bring it
closer to the desires of the American people.
It will demonstrate to the world our dedica-
tion to equal and just treatment of immi-
grants. I take this opportunity to urge this
committee to issue a favorable report on this
bill. I join with the President in urging
my distinguished colleagues "to return the
United States to an immigration policy
which both serves the national interest and
continues our traditional ideals."
Again, Mr. Chairman, I wish to thank you
and the members of the committee for al-
lowing me to present written testimony on
this subject.
May 11, 1965.,
DR. FREDERICK ALBERT COOK
(Mr. McCARTHY (at the request of
Mr. KREBS) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
Flacon]) and to include extraneous
matter.)
_Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, last
March I noted that this was the centen-
nial year of the birth of one of the great-
est of American polar explorers, Dr.
Frederick Albert Cook. At that time I
inserted in the RECORD an article in the
highly reputable Journal of the Arctic
Institute of North America, which called
for a reopening of a scientific study of
the North Polar expedition of Dr. Cook.
The case for Dr. Cook is strong and should
be reviewed by fair minded men?
The article declared. Accordingly, as
the 100th anniversary celebration ap-
proaches, I am gratified to know that the
New York State Legislature has seen fit
to memorialize this outstanding yet
largely unrecognized son of the Empire
State, whose remains lie in Forest Lawn
In Erie County.
The legislature has memorialized the
Governor to proclaim Thursday, June 10,
as Dr. Frederick A. Cock Centennial Day
in New York State, urging appropriate
ceremonies. The people of Delaware
Township in Sullivan County have or-
ganized a centennial committee, and the
town has authorized a historic marker
which will be erected at Dr. Cook's birth-
place. A civic celebration will be held
June 13.
I join with my fellow citizens in honor-
ing the memory of this great explorer,
who gave two decades of his life to fur-
ther our knowledge of the uttermost ends
of the earth in both the North and South
Polar regions. If there is no objection,
I would like to insert the following res-
olution of the New York Legislature
sponsored by my good friend and able
colleague, Mrs. Dorothy A. Rose:
lazscaarriors 165
Concurrent resolution of the senate and
assembly memorializing His Excellency,
Gov. Nelson A, Rockfeller, to proclaim
Thursday, June 10, 1965, as Dr. Frederick
A. Cook Centennial Day in New York State
(By Mrs. Dorothy A. Rose)
Whereas Dr. Frederick Albert Cook was
born 100 years ago this June 10 in the hamlet
of Hortonville, Sullivan County, in the State
of _New York; and
Whereas Dr. Cook is acknowledged as being
a pioneer American polar explorer, a phy-
sician and scientist who participated in the .
early expeditions in both the Arctic and
Antarctic, a writer, author of several books,
lecturer and traveler; and
Whereas Dr. Cook's accomplishments have
been acknowledged by various scientific and
geographic societies, including knighthood
by Leopold, King of the Belgians, and a gold
medal presented by the King of Denmark;
and
Whereas Dr. Cook was given honor by the
giants of polar exploration of his day, includ-
ing the discoverer of the South Pole, Roald
Amundsen, and his two decades of service
toward the expansion of geography and
science in both -.polar regions have earned
him an important place in polar history; and
Whereas the fruits of his 20 years in
the farthest reaches of the earth resulted
in his reaching, on April 21, 1908, the geo-
graphical North Pole, and the subsequent
recognition of this feat by the Royal Danish
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Geographical Society and the University of
Copenhagen, whose honors remain in force;
and
Whereas such authoritative sources as
Steiler's Atlas and the Italian Military Polar
Institute have joined with many polar his-
torians, explorers, and scientists in recog-
nizing Dr. Cook as the discoverer of the
North Pole; and
Whereas recent studies and explorations of
the polar ice cap tend to corroborate the orig-
inal observations made by Dr. Cook 56 years
ago, and recognized proceedings such as the
journal of the Italian Geographical Society
and the journal of the Arctic Institute of
North America have.called for a serious study
of his polar expedition; and
Whereas a group of explorers, educators,
oceanographers, and students of polar ex-
ploration have joined to form the Dr. Fred-
erick Albert Cook Society, nonprofit educa-
tional organization seeking to gain official
recognition for the scientific and geographic
accomplishments of Dr. Cook; and
Whereas on June 10 next in the commu-
nity of Callicoon, county of Delaware, Sulli-
van County, the society will be joined by the
officials of the township and the Sullivan
County Historical Society in celebrating the
centennial of Dr. Cook's birth; and
Whereas the Legislature of the State of
New York also seeks to honor the accomplish-
ments of this native son who passed to his
reward in his 75th year on August 5, 1940
and who is now buried in Forest Lawn Ceme-
tery, Buffalo, Erie County: Now, therefore,
be it
Resolved (if the senate concur), That Gov.
Nelson A. Rockefeller be and is hereby re-
spectfully memorialized to issue a proclama-
tion designating Thursday, June 10, 1965, as
Dr. Frederick A. Cook Centennial Day in New
York State and calling upon the people of
the State to mark and observe that day with
appropriate ceremonies and exercises; and be
It further
Resolved (if the senate concur), That a
copy of this resolution be transmitted to His
Excellency, Gov. Nelson A. Rockefeller.
By order of the assembly.
JOHN T. MCKENNAN,
Clerk.
SALUTING THE RURAL ELECTRIFI-
CATION ADMINISTRATION ON ITS
30TH BIRTHDAY
(Mr. JONES of Alabama (at the re-
quest of Mr. KREss) was granted per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. JONES of Alabama. Mr. Speaker,
I am happy to join with my colleagues
in saluting the Rural Electrification Ad-
ministration on its 30th birthday.
REA to me has always been one of the
most rewarding Federal agencies ever
created?a wonderful example of good
purpose and great deeds.
REA has been an agency of the US.
Department of Agriculture for the last
26 years, and I would be remiss today
if in my salute to REA I did not include
Orville L. Freeman, the Secretary of
Agriculture, and Norman M. Clapp, the
REA Administrator.
REA is once again a vital and driving
force in rural America, with a deep sense
of purpose. Secretary Freeman and Ad-
ministrator Clapp believe that the way
to economy in this great program is
through strengthening the rural systems
by permitting them to develop to their
No. 84 18
full potential and thus become less de-
pendent on Federal financing.
They also believe that the real objec-
tive of Congress when it wrote the Rural
Electrification Act was to make elec-
tricity available to people in the country
on a parity with the rates and services
enjoyed by people in the cities. I agree
with them support them in this endeavor.
There is a gap between the price of
electricity in the country and the price
in the cities and towns. This gap should
not be permitted to exist and something
is being done about it. Let us look at the
record.
In my home State of Alabama, the
REA-financed distribution systems were
able to make only four rate reductions in
fiscal years 1961 through 1964, but so far
In the first 10 months of this year, six
already have made reductions for a total
savings of $223,500 to consumers.
Alabama has 27 REA electric borrow-
ers, including 24 cooperatives. They
serve approximately 224,000 consumers
over more than 40,000 miles of line. And
like rural people everywhere, these con-
sumers are using more and more power.
In 1953, the monthly consumption per
consumer on REA-financed lines in Ala-
bama was 221 kilowatt-hours; 10 years
later, in 1963, it had climbed to 540 kilo-
watt-hours?more than double.
The rural people of Alabama are proud
of their electric systems. They are local-
ly owned and they represent private
enterprise at its very best.
It was President Johnson, who as a
Member of this House in 1948, said:
If ever there was an enterprise wholly
American in concept and chskracter, it is the
program of extending the blessings of elec-
tricity td all people who live in the rural
areas of our land.
In the 30 years of the federally spon-
sored rural electrification program we
have seen rural America move into its
rightful place as an important segment
of our society; we have seen the people
of rural America come alive, to enjoy
many of the privileges and pleasures that
had hitherto been only the privileges
and pleasures of city people. And why?
Because the marvel of electricity moved
in over the lines of the REA systems.
In Alabama, I watched the REA loan
programs, both electric and telephone,
play a major part in the preservation
and improvement of the family farm.
The availability of electric power and
telecommunications has enabled the
family farmer to become more produc-
tive by helping him to make more effi-
cient use of his family's time, his capi-
tal, and his resources.
Electricity, which has many important
applications in the mechanization of
such farm enterprises as dairying, poul-
try and egg production, and hog and
cattle feeding, has enabled the family
farm unit to increase production with-
out the employment of additional human
labor. Electricity?working for pennies
a day?has proved an efficient and tire-
less "hired hand" which can help over-
come rising costs and marketing prob-
lems.
Electricity also has made life on the
farm more attractive to young people
and has helped discourage migration to
urban areas. Today the farm family
can enjoy the same standard of living,
Including electric kitchen appliances and
equipment, laundromats and dryers, air
conditioning, television and radio, and
electric heating, which is available to the
people residing in the? towns and cities.
I know firsthand of a number of young
people in Alabama who have built their
homes on their families' farms, and re-
main in the country to carry on opera-
tions that their parents might be forced
to abandon when they become too old
to work.
The availability of electricity also has
been essential in creating new nonfarm
enterprises in the rural areas. The new
jobs created by these commercial firms
represent important supplementary in-
come to many members of farm families
and are enabling them to weather the
current cost-price squeeze and to con-
tinue to maintain their homes in rural
areas.
But despite the great inroads rural
electrification has made in making rural
America a better place in which to live,
half the poverty of our country is con-
centrated among 30 percent of the Amer-
ican people who reside in rural America.
President Johnson, Secretary Freeman,
and Administrator Clapp have called
upon the rural electric and telephone
systems to assume a leadership in the
war on poverty and to help in bringing
about the Great Society. The systems
were asked to help because our country's
leaders are aware that the people who
pioneered rural electrification possess
the initiative and the know-how to
tackle difficult jobs and get results.
Under the rural areas development
program of the Department of Agricul-
ture, and through REA's own RAD staff,
REA electric and telephone borrowers
from July 1961 to the end of 1963 helped
to launch over 900 industrial and busi-
ness enterprises in rural areas. These
projects created more than 60,000 direct
jobs and over 40,000 indirect jobs in sup-
ply, service, and other related industries.
A total of $750 million was invested in
these enterprises, of which more than 90
percent came from State and local
sources, including private capital and
commercial lending institutions. About
$43 million was provided in Federal
funds, including loans from the Area Re-
development Administration and Small
Business Administration. Less than $2
million came from financing through
loans to cooperative systems under sec-
tion 5 of the Rural Electrification Act.
The assistance given by the REA bor-
rowers to these enterprises has generally
involved technical aid in developing
sound projects and locating financing,
rather than participation in the financ-
ing. Availability of electric and tele-
phone service from the REA borrowers
has often been an important factor in
the location of these new enterprises.
REA borrowers in my State and else-
where in the Nation have responded
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD.? HOUSE
magnificently to this call to rid our coun-
tryside of poverty.
The REA-financed rural electric sys-
tems also have the great task of meeting
the demands for more power in an ex-
panding rural America. Not long ago,
President Johnson said that "in the next
25 years, the rural electric cooperatives
of the United States will be lighting the
lamp of our Nation's progress." The
REA borrowers are on the way to mak-
ing this prediction come true. And
while they are doing it, we must never
forget that these rural electric systems
are a permanent segment of our society
and of the electric industry. They have
earned the right to be treated as such.
We wish them many happy tomorrows.
A BILL TO STRENGTHEN PRESENT
FEDERAL DISASTER RELIEF PRO-
GRAMS
(Mr. BRADEMAS (at the request of
Mr. KREBS) was granted permission to
extend his remarks at this point in the
RECORD and to include extraneous mat-
ter.)
Mr. BRADEMAS. Mr. Speaker, on
Palm Sunday, in Indiana and again last
week in Minnesota, a devastating series
of tornadoes ripped through the Mid-
west. One of the hardest hit areas was
my own congressional district in In-
diana which, according to the Red Cross,
sUffered 54 dead, 242 injured, and mil-
lions of dollars in property damage.
The response of the local, State, and Fed-
era) governments and many private or-
ganizations and citizens to the emer-
gency needs of the stricken areas and
communities came quickly and effec-
tively?first aid, food, and temporary
shelter were provided.
We are very grateful to those pub-
lic officials and private citizens who gave
so unselfishly of their time and energy
in the hours and days immediately
following the disaster.
On April 14, 3 days after the tornadoes
struck Indiana, President Johnson, my
colleagues, Senators VANCE HARTKE and
BnIcH BAvx, Buford Ellington, Director
of the Office of Emergency Planning,
Gov. Roger Branigin of Indiana and I
toured part of the stricken area of my
district, particularly the little commu-
nity of Dunlap, near Elkhart. The ex-
tensive damage, total in some places, and
the personal suffering and tragedy
stunned and moved us all.
Mr. Speaker, under unanimous con-
sent, at this point I insert in the RECORD
an article from the April 14, 1965, South
Bend Tribune describing President
Johnson's visit to Dunlap:
L.B.J. VIEWS DTJNLAP RUINS, PROMISES FED-
ERAL AID FOR STORM VICTIMS?PRESIDENT
CALLS SCENE HORRIBLE
(By Jack Colwell)
President Johnson today walked through
rubble south of Elkhart which once was a
subdivision and then lie promised Federal
assistance for the survivors of the tornado
which leveled the area.
Again and again the President shook his
head in disbelief as he viewed the wreck-
age left by the Palm Sunday tornadoes which
killed at least 54 persons in Elkhart Coun-
ty and at least 86 throughout northern
Indiana.
As the President stepped abroad his plane
at 11:08 a.m. at the St. Joseph County Air-
port to fly to other tornado and flood disas-
ter areas in the midwest, he was asked if
Federal aid could be expected for the devas-
tated area he had just seen.
"Yes," said the President.
Johnson arrived in South Bend for his
whirlwind tour at 8:40 a.m. A crowd of
about 2,000 greeted him at the airport.
TEN THOUSAND IN ELKHART WELCOME
Scattered spectators were along his motor-
cade route through South Bend to the north-
ern Indiana toll road.
As he drove through downtown Elkhart
enroute to the nearby Dunlap disaster area,
Johnson was greeted by 10,000 spectators.
"Horrible, just horrible," Johnson said as
he viewed and walked through the wreck-
age of the Sunnyside subdivision at Dunlap.
- He talked with some of the tornado vic-
tims who had lost their homes.
"I'm sorry," he told them.
Several times Johnson was asked if he had
ever seen such devastation. He shook his
head "no."
There was a grim expression on Johnson's
face throughout most of the hike through
broken boards, shattered glass, and scattered
faousehold furnishings. -
VIEWS RUBBLE IN SILENCE
Much of the time he just stood amid the
rubble, saying not a word.
He climbed onto what was left of a porch
of a damaged house to see what was left
inside.
For a while he stood atop a pile of debris
near where someone had affixed a tattered
American flag.
After his first stop, to see a crushed house
trailer, the President and accompanying offi-
3ials, including U.S. Senators BIRCH E. BATH
Ind R. VANCE HARTKE and U.S. Representa-
tive Jor-nv BRADEMAS, moved to the heart of
the destruction in the Sunnyside area.
Then they visited disaster headquarters at
the nearby Concord Township fire depart-
ment, where Johnson had a cup of coffee
said a sweet roll.
"I sure thank you," the President told the
woman who served the coffee.
TALKS WITH YOUNGSTER
"Thank you for what you're doing for these
)eople," he told her.
The coffee counter was set up in the sta-
ton by members of the fire department
aixiliary to help disaster victims who still
were probing the acres of wreckage in search
3f personal belongings.
Although the Johnson of today was- far
different from the talkative, hand-shaking,
,3xuberant Johnson of campaign days, he took
4.me out to talk to a little boy and ask "Are
:rou my friend?" The little boy said "Yes."
Johnson signed an autograph with a
Ilprawled "L.B.J."
And he had an "L.B.J." pin for another
:/oUngster.
For a moment he stopped to talk to Mr.
:aid Mrs. Carl Sharkey, residents of the
leveled Kingston Heights subdivision adja-
lent to Sunnyside.
COUPLE DESCRIBES ESCAPE
- They told the President how they had es-
caped serious injury by finding shelter in the
itsement as the tornado struck.
"I'm thankful we got out of it, even if it
did take our home," Sharkey told Johnson.
Sharkey assured the President that Mrs.
Echarkey's black eye was the result of the
storm and not action on his part. The Presi-
Cent and spectators, many of them homeless
victims of the tornado, chuckled.
"Good luck to you. My thoughts are with
36u." Johnson told the Sharkeys as he left.
Johnson spent about a half-hour in the
subdivision destruction area. He spent about
10 minutes at the fire station.
May 11, 1965
He stopped the Motorcade only once during
its path through the downtown and residen-
tial sections of South Bend and Elkhart.
That was to shake hands with some school-
children gathered along Lincoln Way West
not far from the airport. .
NATION "STUNNED, SHOCKED"
In a short speech at the airport immedi-
ately after his arrival, the President said all
the Nation was "stunned and shocked over
the weekend by the tragedies which struck
so many families and communities in so many
of our States."
He noted that he was making the tour of .
disaster areas with Buford Ellington, Direc-
tor of the Office of Emefgency Planning, in
order to find out what the Federal Govern- .
ment could do to help.
"We: pray that our technology and science
will some day enable us to exercise greater
measure of control and prevention" over
natural disasters, Johnson said.
"Until that day comes, I know it is the
will of the American people that whenever
their neighbors or friends in any community,
in any State, suffer such losses at the hands
of nature, the Government of this good and
generous people should be ready and pre-
pared to assist in every useful way," he said.
"This is- the reason we are here."
He Said the Federal Government at such
times "must not be something cold and far
away" but instead be a "warm neighbor."
The .President said he hoped his visit and
the visit of the other officials would "en-.
able our Federal assistance to the States and
communities to serve more effectively, more
promptly and more efficiently in the tasks of
reconstruction and rebuilding, that face the
citizens of this area."
When Johnson left here, he headed by
plane for Minnesota, where he- was to view
flood d.a:mage along the Mississippi River.
He planned to fly over and view tornado
damage in Illinois and Iowa while en route.
After leaving _Minnesota, the President was
to fly to Toledo, ? Ohio, to inspect tornado
disaster sites. He was to fly, over and view
tornado damage in Michigan on the way.
Mr. Speaker, 'what had been suburban
homes in neat little subdivisions at Dun-
lap had been replaced by dirt-covered,
and broken boards, shattered pieces of
glass, and scattered debris which had
once been furniture. Neat rows of
mobile homes were replaced by a field of -
useless rubble.
Entire families were killed; others lost
sons or daughters or wives or husbands.
The human loss was the worst of any
natural disaster in our history.
We. -saw and heard all this and more.
'My district deeply appreciated the time
President Johnson had taken to pay a
personal visit. His visit- also emphasized
to the. people of my district, and I am
sure of all the districts he visited, that
the entire Nation shared in their suffer-
ing and stood ready to assist them.
Mr. Sneaker, under unanimous con-
sent I enter in the RECORD at this point,
three editorials 'written about the Presi-
dent's_visit to my district:
[From the Goshen (Ind.) News,
Apr. 15, 19651
HERE AND GONE
The President of the United States has
come and gone. It didn't take him long.
His visit to Elkhart County on an inspec-
tion tour of disaster areas in six Midwestern
States was brief but timely. It came at a
time when a lift in spirits was welcome.
Hundreds of people who voted for him and
scores upon scores who didn't turned out to
greet him on a motorcade swing through
Dunlap, the hardest hit area in Indiana.
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60 speeches a day. Quite often when some-
one was ',listening. Then suddenly, at the
peak of his career, he vanished.
Oh, how it will bring tears of joy to the
eyes of his millions of oldtime fans to learn
that he lives. Yes, today the once-famous
Hubert Horatio Whatshisname lives quietly
in the humble obscurity of the Vice Presi-
dency.
And while we must respect his wish for
privacy, we oldtime fans cannot help but
envision how happy he must be humbly put-
telling about his humble new duties in his
humble new role.
Scene: The breakfast nook of a humble
cottage at the end of a one-way lane in the
backwash district of Washington. It is
dawn. Hubert bounces energetically up and
down in his seat as his wife prepares his
morning meal.
Mrs. 1-1: "Now that you've retired from ac-
tive life, dear, must we still rise so early?
Look, the sun is just coming up."
Mr. H (solemnly) : "Yes, precisely as our
great President, Lyndon B. Johnson, pledged
that it would."
Mrs. H (sighing) : "I wish you wouldn't
start working on your job before breakfast.
Will you have some eggs?"
Mr. H: "Yes, please. I would dearly love
two clear examples of the wise planning in-
herent in our great President's forthright
program to increase the productivity of our
fine American chicken ranchers. Scram-
bled."
Mrs. H: "Really, dear, while I love the sim-
ple anonymity of your new job, you must
miss expressing your opinions."
Mr. R: "Nonsense. As our great President
said to me, 'Hubert, there's room for a wide
range of opinions in my administration. As
long as they don't conflict with mine. And
you don't get your name in the papers.'"
Mrs. H: "Theta nice, dear. Do you like
your eggs?"
Mr. H (annoyed) : "You know I can't call
him up at this hour to ask a silly question
like that. Hand me the paper."
Mrs. H (blanching) : "Oh, dear, you prom-
ised not to read the papers any more. You
know What it does to you."
Mr. H (stanchly) : "I know, but if I wish
to be a success in my new job, I must calmly
overcome this foolish reaction. Here you
take the Great Society section, while I coolly
read the headlines, which say, 'President
Sends More Troops to Vietn * ? *"
Aggghhh, Ooogggh. Quick, open the door
of the broom closet. I feel an attack com-
ing on. (As he dashes into the broom
closet.) Fellow Liberals, our outrageous
policy in Vietn?"
Mrs. H (slamming the door behind him
and locking it) : "Phew. That was close. It
sounds like a long one. I'll set the timer
for 2 hours and then peek to see if he's
done."
Teenagers Carry Fight to the Rivers
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ALEC G. OLSON
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 11,1965
Mr. OLSON of Minnesota. Mr.
Speaker, we frequently hear criticism of
our teenagers. Newspaper articles re-
porting misdeeds of a small portion of
our young people do much to create a
bad image for all. Because teenagers
seldom have an opportunity to rate
headlines for their good deeds, I was
pleased to see the article in the April 23
Washington Post by Alfred D. Stedman
citing the generous efforts of Minnesota
teenagers who assisted in controlling the
recent flood, Mr. Speaker, I request this
article be reprinted in the RECORD. I
also request that a recent report from
the Minnesota State civil defense office
be reprinted:
[From the Washington Post, Apr. 23, 1965]
A TARNISHED IMAGE IS WASHED' AWAY BY
FLOOD
(By Alfred D. Stedman)
ST. PAUL, Muckr.?Came the Mississippi's
worst floods in history, and up from the
schools and colleges and universities sprang
a student army to save the day.
Their generation had been headlined as
"lost" and "troubled" and "wayward" and
"fickle." But on the banks of the raging
Mississippi and its rampant tributaries, they
pitched in with the margin of nerve and mus-
cle that did the job.
In fact, the performance of students whose
antics have worried parents and puzzled pro-
fessors from Yale to Berkeley may turn out to
be the biggest bright spot in the whole murky
story of the floods.
FLOCKED TO FLOOD SCENE
Adults managed and directed and did their
share of sandbagging and diking. But it was
the grit and energies of thousands of boys
and girls from campuses and classrooms that,
at the crisis, tipped the balance against the
floods.
Some hailed the youthful feat as a trans-
formation for the better from weird student
doings and attitudes. Some guessed that per-
haps education may be cultivating youthful
values and capacities that aren't always visi-
ble. Others asserted the student generation
has been all right all along, being merely
exposed by a small minority to public misun-
derstanding and a bad press.
But as to the facts, there's complete una-
nimity. ,It was no bunch of hopeless beat-
niks or social rebels who flocked to the flood
scene from nearby high schools and by bus-
loads and carloads from fraternities and
sororities and college dorms. It was instead
an ablebodied volunteer force of determined
young people, in quick grasp of the emer-
gency and ready to take orders for action to
Meet it.
Up and down the Mississippi and its feeder
rivers, the story was clear and undisputed.
At Mankato, the teenagers fought the floods
around the clock on both banks of the Min-
nesota River. "They were magnificent," said
Mayor Rex Hill. "The stamina of the girls
was especially amazing."
At Stillwater, they teamed with adults,
including 50 State prison convicts, in erect-
ing what was christened the "condike" to
contain the St. Croix River overflow and save
the city. Generally in the Upper Mississippi
Valley, the role of the student flood fighters
In reducing or averting destruction was
judged "highly significant" by Col. Leslie P.
Harding, U.S. Army District Engineer at St.
Paul.
Sitdowns? Sex? Unwillingness to take
orders? Varidalism? Disrespect of author-
ity? Not a sign of any of such objects of
complaints about campus conduct was ob-
served day or night by Colonel Harding, his
assistants or others in charge of flood work.
Nothing of the kind, reported the Washing-
ton County sheriff, Reuben F. Granquist of
Stillwater.
CONTRAST STUDIED
The contrast with the image of a rebellious
student generation is not at all surprising
once the basic motivations of students in
the contrasting roles are understood, com-
mented several who work closely with them.
"They want to be useful," said School
Superintendent Thomas D. Campbell of
Stillwater. "When they see an outlet for
service, they leap for it."
Agreeing completely, the University of
Minnesota's director of student activities,
Donald R. Zander, expressed confidence that,
in the same kind of emergency the student
response would have been just as heartening
on other campuses, including Berkeley. In a
swiftly changing world, the students are in-
sistent on freedom to explore ideas, but that
motive, said Dr. Zander, is wholly consistent
with their urge for useful service.
At least, in the light of the flood story, a
fresh look at the character of the student
generation can make wokried parents feel
much better than they did.
[From the Office of the Minnesota State
Civil Defense]
Of the 6,000 unpaid, unsung volunteers
that slogged in the mud at the dikes in
Mankato, literally thousands had not yet
seen their 20th birthdays; many not their
15th.
Those young people worked to the point
of exhaustion in the muck and rain; catch-
ing a few hours sleep only to join the battle
with renewed vigor that only comes with
youth.
While the younger ones filled the sandbags
with blistering hands, the older or more
sturdy types struggled with the weight of
them to the top of the dike?girls as well
as boys.
This was not going on only in Mankato.
A coastguardsman was quoted as saying
that if it wasn't for the kids in Minnesota,
there wouldn't have been a volunteer dike
raised in the State. The teenagers in every
affected city and town carried the fight to
the rivers. It was seen in Rockford, in Hen-
derson, in Wabasha, and East Grand Forks.
Our kids filled the breach left open by the
lack of adequate control measures.
Dominican Responsibility Should Be
Taken by OAS
E
1
Tik1S)ON OF REMARKS
OF
ON. JOHN E. MOSS
Or CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, April 22, 1965
Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, I commend
to the attention of our distinguished col-
leagues the following editorial which ap-
peared in the Sacramento Bee, on May
4, 1965, regarding the U.S. involvement
in the Dominican Republic and the OAS.
The text of the editorial follows:
DOMINICAN RESPONSIBILITY SHOULD BE TAKEN
BY OAS
President Lyndon B. Johnson acted swiftly
and decisively to meet the threat of a pos-
sible Communist seizure of the long-troubled
Dominican Republic.
The sending of American troops into that
country has ended any immediate threat
another Castro-type regime will be estab-
lished in the hemisphere. But large-scale
intervention also has imposed on the United
States a great responsibility.
The government which eventually will
take over power must be one representing
the will of the people of the Dominican Re-
public and meeting the approval of the br-
ganization of American States.
The President has enunciated a firm Amer-
ican policy to prevent the establishment of
another Cuban-type regime in Latin Amer-
ica. It also should be American policy to
prevent the return of an oppressive, reac-
tionary regime such as existed under Gen-
eralissimo Rafael L. Trujillo, under the guise
of anticommunism.
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Chairmaft Evins and the committee are
concerned.
They are concerned when they hear that
our export8 of machine tools have declined
steadily since 1957 with the exception of two
categories?metalworking and power gener-
... ? . . ?
ating.
They are concerned when they hear that
with two minor aceptions our share of the
Imports of Machine tools has dropped in all
regional world markets.
They are concerned when they hear that
our share rf the world production of ma-
chine tools has dropped from more than 24
percent to fess than 20 percent.
They are concerned when they hear that
our machine tools generally are older than
those of acme other nations.
They are concerned that machine tool and
die manufs cturers in other nations can un-
dersell our mdustry by 30 percent.
They are concerned that we seem to be
lagging in research and development of in-
formation 21. the machine tool a,nd die in-
dustry.
We have got to get this modernization un-
derway?az d underway on a massive scale.
Chairman Evins in his speech prepared for
delivery he 'e stated?and I quote?"The tool
and die inc_ustry is the heartbeat of our free
enterprise i.ystem.
"It must move ahead with the times.
"We canaot fiddle while the competition
from fore4n toolmakers burns hotter and
hotter."
And so the House Small Business Commit-
tee will cm iduct fact-finding studies to help
you find tle best possible course for mod-
ernization.
The committee will study all alternatives
of financing.
It will document the need for moderniza-
t
i
o
n
t.
I will pnpoint problems and recommend
steps to colinter them.
Chairmaa Ewe's and the committee are
sympathete to you and your problems.
The committee exists to serve small busi-
ness
It exists to explore the problems of small
business WA to help it down the paths to
solutions.
That is what we intend to do in your case.
Thank you for allowing me to appear be-
fore you I &day. We shall look forward to
seeing sons of you at the hearings during
this term cf Congress.
Thank yOu.
You have the liberalized depreciation
guidelines on new equipment.
You have the 7 percent investment credit.
You have the overall income tax reduc-
tion?ranging to 27 percent for small corpo-
rations.
You get a double dividend there. You get
the immediate dividend from immediate
reductions in your taxes and comparable
increase in earnings. And you get the feed-
back from a strong rate of economic growth.
And you are getting that now.
The Department of Commerce predicts
that capital expenditures will rise this year
to a new peak of $50.2 billion?an Increase
of 12 percent over last year's record of $44
billion. "
New domestic orders for cutting tools
totaled more than $78 million in February
which was 29 percent more than the total
for February of last year.
And so the policies of the President and
the Congress have strengthened the small
business sector across the board.
President Johnson has taken a personal
interest in small business programs.
He personally inaugurated a small loan
program in 1964 that brought a quick re-
sponse from smaller businessmen. The SBA
under the direction of its very able Adminis-
trator, Gene Foley, set new records in loans
made last year and will set new records this
year.
Our current economic expansion has
broken all peacetime records.
We are now in the 50th month of healthy
and sustained growth.
And economists who a few months ago
were predicting a slackening in 1985 are now
predicting that this rate of growth will con-
tinue throughout this year.
President Johnson and the Congress are
determined that this growth rate will be sus-
tained and are prepared to introduce added
stimulus when it is needed.
We know that your industry has done a tre-
mendous job in tooling up the Nation?with-
out which our country Would not be great.
We know you are dedicated energetic busi-
nessmen.
But we know you have some problems
which are often beyond your control.
We know that many of you feel that
equitable financing for new machinery is not
available to you.
We know that many of you feel that the
rates charged by some elements of the pri-
vate sector are too high.
We know that some of you are utilizing
Small Business Administration programs but
that many of you hope for a specialized SBA
program tailored to your industry.
I know that you are disappointed that an
element of the private sector declined to go
along with one carefully prepared proposal.
Some of you have found the answer in ex-
isting SBA programs, I wonder if an of you
understand the opportunities and the details
of these programs, I understand, however,
that a small business forum to be conducted
by SBA is on your agenda for tomorrow and
I am sure you "will receive a thorough and
complete briefing on that agency's programs.
Certainly there are many instances wherein
members of your industry have prospered
and progressed with the assistance of the
SBA.
Certainly there Is presently Government
assistance for your industry.
But it is still felt that a complete program
is lacking.
Chairman EVINS and the committee think
we iieed to determine what your industry
needs and then find some way to fulfill those
needs.
And so for that reason, Chairman Evnrs
is announcing today, and has authorized me
to announce it first to you here now, that the
House Small Business Committee is going to
hold hearings on your problems during the
89th Congress and is going to come up with
recommendations for their solution.
. Hoppe's Columns
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. J. ARTHUR YOUNGER
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE li101-3SE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 11, 1965
Mr. YOUNGER Mr. Speaker, Mr.
Arthur eppe, the columnist from San
Franciscc, has prepared two very good
and amusing columns on affairs in Wash-
ington, ne first one published on the
26th of April in the San Francisco Chron-
icle and the second one on the 29th.
I am sure that many of the readers of
the RECeaDI Will enjoy these two articles,
which fol low :
[From the San Francisco (Calif.) Chronicle,
Apr. 26, 1985]
M. Joan GOES TO WASHINGTON
By Arthur Hoppe)
"How'd it go, Jud?" Mrs. Jud Joad asked
anxiously as her husband sank down on the
bench in ,he little park across from Poverty
Corps headquarters. "Was they glad to see
you?"
"To tell the truth, Maude," said Mr. Joad,
"I don't rightly know whether it was worth
the long trek up here from Appalachia Cor-
ners. Oh, they was mighty glad to see me, I
walks right in and tells this pert young lady
who I am and what I want.
"'I seen by the papers,' I says, 'that you
are recruiting poverty fighters for the war
on poverty,' I says. 'At $20,000 a year on up.
am an old man,* I says, 'but I am not too
old to fight."
"Oh Jud, that took grit," said Mrs. Joad,
squeezing his arm. "Well," said Mr. Joad,
"pretty soon this smart-looking ycung fellow
In shirtsleeves comes out. Ile looks at me
and says, 'My Clawd.' Then pretty soon
there's a whole passel of these young fellows
standing around, staring. 'It's a genuine
victim,' says one, kinda awed like. You could
tell they never seen the likes before. I was
mighty proud.
" 'Let's take him in to see Serge,' says one.
'It might be worth a couple of columns in
the dailies.' So's they take me in to see their
sergeant, who's right nice. `What can I do
for you?' he says.
"Well, I tells him all about my fighting
poverty from the Texas dust bowl to the
piney woods of Georgia, man and boy for
nigh on 70 years, 'So,' I says, 'figuring my
country needed my vast experience. I come
to fight for you. And I'll settle for half
pay.'
"'You are a patriotic American,' says he.
'But we got 12 different programs going at
the moment. Now, drawing on ycur vast ex-
perience, which would you say was the best
way to fight poverty?' I give this a couple
seconds' thought and then I tell him. 'With
money,' I says.
" 'By Gawd, says he, 'you and I ;hink
That's just what I been telling them up on
Capitol Hill. You got the right outlook to
be a member of our team.'
"'I ain't much at sports,' says I. 'No,'
he says, 'I mean fighting poverty. Just you
look over this here list of jobs and see which
one suits you best.' So's I do, but none make
much sense. Like 'community services
planner' and 'public relations coordinator.'
But finally I seen one: 'pilot program di-
rector?$22,500.' 'That one,' says I. 'Never
been up in no aeroplane, but I ain't too old
to lam.'
" says he, 'we'll give you the usual
taste and interviews and see hew you do.'
So's they give me all these tests and * * *
"Jud,' said Mrs. Joad impatiently, "stop
frittering and tel me, did you get the job
fighting poverty or no?" Mr. Joad shook
his head sadly. "Nope," he said. "I ain't
qualified."
"Well, don't take it too hard, Jud," said
Mrs. Joad, patting his shoulder. "I don't,"
he said. "The sergeant bucked me up. He
says I should go home and fight at the com-
munity level. On a volunteer basis. And
while he didn't exactly promise, I figure he
may land me one of them Jobs yet. Soon
as I get a little more experience."
?
[Prom the San Francisco (Calif.) Chronicle,
, Apr. 29, 1965]
LET'S NOT FORGET THE FOEGOTTEN
(By Arthur Hoppe)
It is time for another chapter of "Where
Are They Now?"?that nostalgic, heart-tug-
ging series which tells of the unforgettable
greats of yesteryear now tragically forgotten
by a fickle public.
And who will e'er forget the fighting
liberal, that crusader for the oppressed, that
independent-minded Senator who wore no
man's yoke?the unforgettable Hubert
_ Horatio Whatshisname.
Oh, who can help but feel a warm inner
glow on remembering this human dynamo
in his heyday?battling the militarists and
the trusts, standing up for the cause he be-
lieved in without fear or favor, making 50 to
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1.ccy 11, 1965
It would be tragic, and in the long run,
disastrous, if American intervention proved
to be the instrument of returning the des-
tiny of the Dominican Republic to the hands
of a military oligarchy opposed to social
progress and democracy.
Juan Bosch was elected President by an
overwhelming majority of the Dominican
people in 1962 during the first really free
election in the history of the nation. He
has called on the rebels fighting for his re-
turn to power to lay down their arms and
not to fight our soldiers.
This could open the door to a peaceful
solution which would serve the interests of
the Dominican people and at the same time
eliminate the threat of a Communist-domi-
nated government.
As rapidly as possible the United States
should turn over to the Organization of
American States control of the peacekeeping
activities now being carried out by U.S.
soldiers.
The OAS also should assume full respon-
sibility for determining the proper, legiti-
mate government of the Dominican Republic.
The intervention of America, based on con-
cern for a Communist seizure, must not be
the prop to support a reactionary, repressive
regime.
However, the intervention will have been
in a good cause if U.S. troops assist the OAS
in bringing peace and an honest government
responsive to the needs of the people.
Approveggayggni9piCgbiffiA-RRFfgeili6R000500120030-1 A2299
Excise Tax on Entertainment Equipment
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JAMES A. BURKE
OF MASSACHUSETTS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 11, 1965
Mr. BURKE. Mr. Speaker, on Feb-
ruary 8, 1965, I introduced H.R. 4471 to
amend the Internal Revenue Code of
1954 relating to the manufacturers excise
tax on entertainment equipment to al-
leviate the economic burden on consum-
ers.
I believe my colleagues would appreci-
ate being informed of the reasoning for
the introduction of this legislation:
TEN REASONS WHY CONGRESS SHOULD REPEAL
THE 10-PERCENT PEDERAL EXCISE TAX ON
TELEVISION, RADIOS, PHONOGRAPHS
Most excise taxes were levied on the Amer-
ican people by Congress during World War II
and the Korean conflict as fundraising meas-
ures for the Nation's defense effort. They
were described as wartime and temporary
taxes.
The following reasons explain why the 10-
percent manufacturers excise tax imposed on
radios, phonographs, television sets and their
components should be repealed to remove the
burden imposed on the consumer, encourage
the growth of ultra high frequency (UHF)
television broadcasting, promote the eco-
nomic well being of the industry and stimu-
late the national economy.
1. Tax repeal is the logical second step
after the all-channel TV law.
This industry became "double taxed" when
Congress passed a law effective May 1, 1964,
requiring a separate UHF tuner on all TV
sets, raising the price as much as $30 per
receiver even though 80 percent of purchasers
cannot now, and many may never use this
added equipment. Leaders of Congress and
Government agencies concerned have advo-
cated excise tax repeal to offset this added
burden on the consumer.
2. Excise tax cuts will be passed along to
the consumer.
The reduction in the average price of
black-and-white television sets from $270 in
1950 to $140 in 1965 demonstrates the inten-
sity of competition and efficiency in this
Industry.
Compared to the Department of Labor
wholesale price index of 100 for the base
years 1957-59, the December 1964 wholesale
price index was 87.2 on radios, phonographs,
and television, whereas all other comrnod-
ities averaged 100.8. Portable radios, for
example, had a price index of 60.1. In fact,
radios, phonographs and television had one
of the lowest price indexes of all consumer
Items in the Nation.
The administration, the Congress and the
consumer can be assured by this industry's
pledge and past performance that the bene-
fits of excise tax repeal will be passed on to
the consumer through lower prices, thereby
bringing the hoped-for result?a boost in
the national economy.
3. Excise taxes on radios, phonographs, and
TV fall on those who are least able to pay.
The history of tax philosophy has been to
alleviate the burden of the taxpayer least
able to pay?the family?particularly, the
lower income family for which these media
are often the sole means of entertainment
and enlightenment. To these families a
radio, phonograph or television purchase rep-
resents a much more substantial expendi-
ture than it does for the higher income
groups.
4. The householder pays a discriminatory
tax on his radio, phonograph, or TV set.
In 1954 Congress reduced the manufac-
turers excise tax rate on practically all house-
hold items subject to the tax, but the 10 per-
cent on radios, phonographs and TV sets re-
main. These products account for 43 percent
of total sales. Yet they are the source of
59 percent of the revenue from all household
items.
5. TV, radios, and phonographs are no
longer luxuries, but necessities.
Radio and television as the major sources
of information and entertainment today are
essential to everyday life. Radios or phono-
graphs are in 94 percent of U.S. homes and
TV in 93 percent. Average TV families watch
some 61/2 hours daily; 70 percent of all men,
78 percent of all women and 99 percent of all
children watch TV daily.
6. Radio and TV are "must" media in time
of crisis.
They provide an unmatched communica-
tions system to the entire population in times
of local or national emergency, for civil de-
fense instruction, and for hurricane, tornado,
and flood warnings. They were the first
media to inform the people of such events
of national importance as President Ken-
nedy's assassination and the succeeding
dramatic events; Presidential speeches on the
Cuban and Vietnam crises, and vital mes-
sages to Congress and the Nation. More peo-
ple are likely to hear of a major news event
from radio than through any other medium
of communication.
7. Radio and TV are optimum means for
enlightenment, education, and cultural
progress.
The most important key to national and
international understanding is communica-
tion. Because of their intimacy and imme-
diacy, radio and television stand supreme
among all media of communications. Educa-
tional television (ETV) supplements and en-
hances classroom instruction and brings in-
formation and culture into the home. ETV,
largely dependent on UHF broadcasting, is
hampered by the higher cost of all-channel
sets. Tax repeal would offset this deterrent
to UHF development.
8. Radio and TV are major, mature media
for news and special events.
A surveyl reveals that TV is looked to for
1 Elmo Roper & Associates Survey, 1964.
news more than any other medium, and that
radio and TV are the most believable news
sources. More than a third of the time spent
by people viewing TV or listening to radio,
even on the lowest educational level, was de-
voted to news and public affairs programs.
Live coverage of the political conventions, the
elections, the space launchings, the civil
rights movement?all illustrate the vital role
radio and TV play in keeping the American
people informed.
A tax on television and radio is as con-
trary to wise public policy as a tax on news-
papers and magazines would be.
9. Radio and TV are tie most valued
sources of entertainment.
Radios, phonographs and television are the
principal means of entertainment for the
entire family and particularly among the
lower income families who are least able to
pay the higher prices made necessary by the
10-percent excise tax. The American public,
In a recent survey,' chose television ahead
of radio, newspapers and magazines as the
item they would least want to give up.
10. Revenue loss to the U.S. Treasury will
be largely offset by business growth.
The combined radio and television manu-
facturing and broadcast industries employ
over a million people. Increased sales
brought about by excise tax repeal on radios,
phonographs and television will increase em-
ployment and plant expanion in manufac-
turing and distribution and will open new
areas of opportunity to broadcasting.
Color television is on the threshold of be-
coming a billion-dollar industry and the all-
channel law is encouraging UHF broadcast-
ing. The effect of excise tax repeal in these
areas and in general on the electronics in-
dustry, the Nation's fifth largest, can have
no other result than to stimulate the flow of
the economy, thereby offsetting to a large
extent any tax revenues lost to the Treasury.
Elmo Roper & Associates Survey, 1964,
Rutgers Degrees: 41,410 in 20 Years
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. HENRY HELSTOSKI
OF NEW JERSEY
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 11, 1965
Mr. HELSTOSKI. Mr. Speaker, Rut-
gers University, one of the Nation's old-
est educational institutions and one rich
In tradition and accomplishments, is now
marking the 20th anniversary of its de-
signation as the State University of New
Jersey. I wish to bring to my colleagues'
attention the outstanding work this great
university has been doing on behalf of
the community, State, and Nation.
Rutgers, nearly 200 years old, has de-
veloped numerous leaders in government,
business, agriculture, journalism, and
many other fields. Rutgers graduates
can be found at the head or in the top
echelons of many business enterprises.
They have served their State and their
country well.
Since becoming our State university,
Rutgers, through enthusiastic public
support, has grown and prospered in
order to serve many more of our young
people. Much more work is to be done,
but we have gone far at Rutgers.
? The Newark Evening News pointed out
this week that Rutgers, the State univer-
sity, has awarded advanced and under-
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graduate degrees to 41,410 persons in the
'past 20 years, more than it had granted
In all the previous 180 years in its his-
tory.
So that many more observers can be
made aware of,the great forward strides
Rutgers University has made, I would
like to insert in the RECORD this article
published by the Newark Evening News:
UNIVERSITY'S EDUCATIONAL FACILITIES HAVE
MUSHROOMED SINCE 1945: 41,410 RUTGERS
DEGREES IN 20 YEARS
Ncw Barmswicx.?Since passage of the
State university act 20 years ago, Rutgers
University has granted undergraduate and
advanced degrees to 41,410 persons--more
than were granted in all the previous 180
years of its history.
The act, approved March 26, 1945, ex-
tended the designation of State university
to all units of Rutgers. It started the uni-
versity expanding in the areas of enrollment
programs, faculty and physical facilities
which included acquisition of urban cam-
puses in Newark and Camden.
The tangible results of this expansion are
a quintupling of college credit students, con-
struction of millions of dollars worth of new
buildings, and enlarged opportunities for
graduate and professional study.
"But beyond all this," according to Dr.
Richard Schlatter, acting university presi-
dent, "I believe there has been a growing
realization of what a State university means
to the educational, cultural, social and eco-
nomic life of a State; that the investment in
a university pays off in a richer and more
productive community."
Commenting on the enlargement of the
State university's educational offerings, Dr.
&Wafter said Rutgers has organized a major
educational, research or service unit al-
most annually since 1945.
DEGREE-GRANTING SCHOOLS
The university has established degree-
granting schools in library service, social
work, nursing and medicine. It recently has
authorized establishment of a new coedu-
cational undergraduate college at the for-
mer site of Camp Kilmer in neighboring Pis-
cataway Township.
Also Drganized during this period have
been units in management and labor rela-
tions, microbiology, practical politics, radi-
ation science, information processing, animal
behavior, statistics, urban affairs, alcohol
studies, conservation and environmental
science and community affairs.
Dr. Schlatter said that Rutgers scholarship
and research have kept pace with its expari-
sion in education and service units. Rut-
gers investment in sponsored research rose
from $763,000 in 1945 to $8,505,000 in 1963. _
"All of this would have been impossible
Without an outstanding faculty, Including
some scientists and scholars of national and
even international reputation," he remarked.
Hutgers physical plant has grown tremen-
dously in the last two decades. The univer-
sity today has about 585 buildings located on
4,500 acres in New Brunswick, Newark, and
Camden besides its research locations.
NEW CONSTRUCTION
A substantial part of this is new construc-
tion. Since 1958, $118 million In new facili-
ties have been built or planned throughout
the State. A $16.5 million medical school
building and a $16.3 million start for the
new college in Piscataway are among proj-
ects on the drawing boards.
Dr. Schlatter said that two voter-endorsed
bond Issues for $29.8 million in 1959 and for
$19 million last year plus $19 million in State
appropriations has provided the bulk of the
financing for new construction at Rutgers.
"But despite all this expansion, the num-
ber of applicants we had to turn away this
year has been larger than ever before," Dr.
Schlatter said.
- The State University Act of 1945 resulted
from the study of the New Jersey Commis-
sion on State Administrative Reorganization.
it was a high point of a State-Rutgers rela-
tionship which started before the Revolu-
tionary War when the royal governor of the
?,arovince was an ex officio member of the uni-
versity's board of trustees.
_ Another high point in that relationship
'cccurred 9 years ago when legislation was
adopted creating a board of governors at
the university. The board consists of 11
- regular members and 2 ex officio members.
- Six of the voting members are named by
the Governor with the advice and consent of
the State senate. Five are named by the
-.Rutgers board of trustees which retain fl-
-duciary and advisory functions. The uni-
versity president and State education com-
=missioners are the ex officio members.
Supplemental Appropriation for Military
Functions of Department of Defense,
Fiscal Year 1965
SPEECH
OF
HON. EDITH GREEN
OF OREGON
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, May 5, 1965
The House in Committee of the Whole
House on the State of the Union had under
- consideration the joint resolution (H.J. Res.
417) making a supplemental appropriation
?for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1965, for
military functions of the Department of De-
, fense, and for other purposes.
Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Chair-
- man, cloaked in the disguise of a mili-
tary appropriation hill, this House was
asked to approve, and did approve, this
; Government's policy of escalating the
war in southeast Asia. Six of my col-
leagues and I dissented.
Since it is conceded by everyone, in-
- eluding the President, that the $700 mil-
? lion was not the issue at hand, then at a
minimum, surely, in this body which the
= Speaker refers to as the greatest de-
liberative body in the world, there should
- be full discussion of what this resolution
does mean while there is still time, hope-
- fully, to resolve these tragic affairs be-
fore we bring down upon our heads the
wrath of the world and shatter the frail
edifice of world peace.
To my colleagues and my constituents
want to say that for many, many
months now I have searched for every
_ possible excuse to support my Govern-
ment in the policies it is pursuing in
- Vietnam?and I have supported it. In
7 spite of the shaky logic of the "domino"
theory, have done by very best to be-
lieve in it; in spite of the fact that the
- people of South Vietnam have been sub-
jected to one unpopular and unstable
dictatorship after another, I have done
my best to believe we are defending their
',freedom; in spite of the fact that we
have violated the Geneva accords, I have
done my best to believe this was justified
because the North Vietnamese did also,
even though I know that two wrongs do
not make a right; in spite of one humili-
ating military defeat after another, I
" have done by best to believe all the opti-
mistic reports about our really winning
May .11, 19;i14.
the war over there; in spite of all the evi-
dence of internal discord and revolt
against the governments we maintain in
power, I have done my best to believe
this is what the Vietnamese people really
want us to do?but, my fellow Amer-
icans, there is a point beyond which cre-
dibility simply will not stretch?and it
is that somehow by waging a wider war
we pursue a policy of peace.
This vote represented, in my opinion,
a vote for that delusion. It could not
have been a vote for $700 million, for the
President himself said this was available
in any case. It could not have been a
vote to show our united determination
to halt Communist aggression, for if
more than a decade of effort, more than
400 American lives, more than $3 billion
expended does not show this, then how
can 5700 million demonstrate it?
One of the things the vote could mean,
though, is what in fact everyone knows
it will be interpreted to mean, and that
is Congressional approval for the con-
tinued bombings of North Vietnam and
commitment of thousands and thousands
of American troops to a war the justice
and wisdom of which has been questioned
inside and outside this Nation by citizens
and friends of unimpeachable loyalty. I
think it also clearly means the relin-
quishment by Congress of its constitu-
tional authority to declare war, for if
the ;President can direct bombing raids
on North Vietnam by simple executive
fiat, why can he not direct similar ac-
tion against any other nation at an3
other time? Why bother to ask? One(
the bomb is dropped, it can always la4
pointed out that tightly or wrongly--
legally or illegally--we are in a war ant
that American lives are at stake and tha
It would be disloyal to not approve fund
for the war.
I cannot in good conscience lend my
self to that -kind of usurpation of con
gressional power, and for the purpose o
continuing a course of action which I be
lieve will only reap at best, decades o
hostility, enemity, and distrust of m:
countrymen by the peoples of Asia or, a
worst, utter catastrophe for my Natioi
and the world.
Yet but an hour and a half debate war
allotted for discussion of a measuh
which profoundly affects the future o.
our country and the world, and less that
15 minutes of that time was given tc
those who might have reservations, wht
might have questions, who might dis-
agree. I find it impossible to under-
stand why an admittedly unnecessar3
appropriation request need be mantled ir
a cloak of urgency and secret meaning
with full, free, and frank discussion of
its merits denied.
The high point of these whole im-
plausible proceedings was the speech of
one of my colleagues who, in one breath,
demanded withdrawal of Government
funds to an educational project, because
some of the participants criticized ad-
ministration policy in Vietnam and then,
in the next breath, he admiringly quotes
Senator Vandenberg's statement that:
Every foreign policy must be totally de-
bated, and the loyal opposition is under
special obligation to see that this occurs.
And this in the context of demanding
for himself and others of the minority
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A2301
party a voice in foreign policy decisions.
His exact quote is:
These teach-ins are a protest against the
national policy of our country. It seems to
me that when we have individuals conduct-
ing these teach-ins and acting as leaders in
these groups, that it is not in the best in-
terests of the national security of our coun-
try for our Government to subsidize this
kind of operation by financing projects in
which these same people play a prominent
role.
I can see we are all going to have an
absorbing year if we follow the advice
of the gentlethan from Wisconsin, mak-
ing certain we do not subsidize free in-
quiry, but only subsidize thought control.
And yet, I wonder if any policy, do-
mestic or foreign, which its supporters
here in this House are unwilling to risk
to the judgment of free and inquiring
minds can prove anything except on the
part of its advocates, an abysmal lack of
confidence in its strength. Surely a pol-
icy in which one believes deeply can
stand examination and discussion.
Canada NO
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. MARTHA W. GRIFFITHS
OF MICHIGAN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 11, 1965
Mrs. GRIFFITHS. Mr. Speaker, our
national neighbor, Canada, is one of our
best friends and our best customer,
ranking first in purchases of U.S. goods.
Yet, in general, we are too uninformed
about our neighbor. As a nation, we
should have more knowledge about Can-
ada. Mark Ethridge, Jr., the distin-
guished son of a distinguished father,
writing for the Detroit Free Press of
which paper he is an associate editor,
has in a series of four articles attempted
to increase our knowledge. The first
article follows:
RIVALRY HURTS AS CANADA SEEKS IDENTITY?
HERITAGE AND U.S. WEALTH RULE A DIVIDED
NATION
(NOTE.?Geographically and culturally di-
vided, rich in resources yet economically
dominated by her giant neighbor to the
south, Canada is struggling for a national
identity. Free Press associate editor Mark
Ethridge Jr., M a four-part series beginning
today, puts a new perspective on the per-
sonalities and problems, the advances and
the setbacks, and the directions the struggle
is likely to take.)
(By Mark Ethridge, Jr.)
One hundred years ago, Canadians began
a search for independence that culminated
in the British North America Act of 1867.
Today they are beginning a search for
identity, and where it will lead no one yet
can tell for sure. The only certainty is that
even after 100 years of freedom from British
control, Canadians still don't have it.
"Given a chance to adopt French culture,
British government and American tech-
nology," a Toronto editor said recently,
"Canadians settled for French government,
American culture, and British technology."
Accurate or not, the three most dominant
influences on the life of Canada are the two
nations of its heritage and big daddy to the
south?the United States. To each there
are ties of blood and money as well as strains
of resentment.
So strong are each of these that Canadians
have not yet created a society, an economy
or a culture which could be classified as
native Canadian.
With the adoption of a flag this year as
the most evident symbol this is precisely
what Canadians are trying to do. Whether
they will succeed is still to be determined.
By an odd paradox Canada's three greatest
assets?land wealth, a Ligh standard of liv-
ing and indomitable courage?are also its
three greatest handicaps.
Canada's land mass is the second largest
in the world, only after Russia, and it covers
more than 31/2 million square miles. Con-
sidering that the population of Canada is
less than 20 million, this gives it one of the
highest land-to-population ratios in the
world, a standard economic index of wealth
and potential.
But the land is not divided right for the
most efficient development along Canadian
lines. Its mountains, as in the United
States, run mostly north and south. Except
for the St. Lawrence Seaway, which separates
the United States and Canada from Duluth
almost to Montreal?and then divides Can-
ada itself?its river also run the wrong way.
The ones that don't flow into Hudson Bay or
the Arctic flow south into the United States.
Thus the natural geographic ties are not
east and west, but north and south. The
plains of Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and Al-
berta have more in common with the Da-
kotas and Montana than they have with the
maritime provinces.
The Maritimes, in turn, are linked closely
with New England, and British Columbia, on
the west, considers Washington and Oregon
its natural allies.
Only the heartland, Ontario, is central
enough and highly developed enough to con-
centrate on being Canadian. And indus-
trialized Ontario is economically tied to the
United States. We are Canada's best cus-
tomer, just as Canada is our best customer.
This is paradox No. 2. Canada's high
standard of living is a product of U.S. invest-
ment in Canada, but it also means that
Canadian industry does not have an identity
of its own. Canada is dependent on the
United States, while at the same time com-
peting with us.
This kind of relationship, said a highly re-
spected editor of a Canadian financial news-
paper, "is like the rich man playing poker
with his chauffeur?after he's beggared the
poor man he has to bail him out."
"The best we can hope for is that this
match, too, will be fixed."
And the third paradox is Canadian cour-
age, one not delineated by national origin.
It is what enables a Canadian to tolerate the
rigors of a northern winter or to stand up to
the United States.
But the same quality that makes Cana-
dians fearless also makes them stubborn.
Like Americans of -100 years ago, most put
the province ahead of the nation. Rather
than cede a point to another section, they
seem willing to risk the dissolution of their
country into its five natural, geographic, and
cultural entities?British Columbia, the
prairies, Ontario, Quebec, and the Maritimes.
At the emotional center of this divisive
quarrel is Quebec, where proud and provin-
cial French Canadians never have forgotten
that France lost her power in North America
because of a British victory there in 1759.
Quebec does not really care to be Canadian.
It wants to be French. If it is possible to
be both French and Canadian, Quebecois are
willing, though.
Since Quebec's 5 million people make up
28 percent of Canada's population they con-
stitute a minority which cannot foe ignored.
To keepthem happy, the Federal Government
has had to make concessions which intensify
rather than temper the dividing process.
Prime Minister Lester Pearson, operating
in Ottawa with a government made up of
less than a majority, has been pressured to
back down on centralization of government
and to grant provincial premiers such inde-
pendent authority over their affairs as would
scare a U.S. governor witless.
While these provincial powers have per-
mitted each part of the nation to strengthen
itself in its own way, they have not served
as a unifying force. Unlike the United
States, Canada is not a melting pot. It is a
collection of ethnic, economic, and religious
islands separated by vast stretches of unde-
veloped land.
Because Canada is divided into five sepa-
rate and distinct areas, and because each
has more independence than any comparable
U.S. area, the Canadian economy also is frac-
tionated. In general, in terms of gross na-
tional product and the export market, it is
booming. But It is uneven, more so than the
assorted economies of the 50 United States.
Ontario and Quebec are enjoying the great-
est prosperity in their history. Ontario, long
the industrial leader of Canada is seeing new
plants spring up every day. Canada,
Can-
ada's second largest city, is nearly the size
of Detroit.
Montreal, the first city of Canada and the
world's largest French city after Paris, is
almost exploding with prosperity. In the
center, across the street from the sprawling
Queen Elizabeth Hotel, is the Place Ville de
Marie, a remarkable underground Interna-
tional Villate where a visitor can find im-
ports from almost everywhere and dine at
restaurants recapturing a Paris bistro or a
backyard barbecue in Albuquerque.
Dorval, Montreal's new airport is not so
large as Kennedy International, but its
architecture is more imaginative and the
service is better than anything in the United
States.
And its planes are on time.
Montreal currently is, engaged in great
plans for Expo 67, an international exposition
to mark the 100th birthday of Canadian in-
dependence.
Canada itself plans to spend $21 million
on its national pavilion and exhibit, and to-
tal $167 million. More than 50 nations, in-
cluding the United States and Russia, have
promised to participate.
"We will move heaven and earth to insure
that no visitor, participating nation or pri-
vate exhibitor is gouged," says Robert F.
Shaw, deputy commissioner of the exposition.
"We want to build up enduring relations,
both with the countries participating and
with the guests who will visit us in 1967, and
the way to do that is to make sure that they
get good value for their money."
To the east and south of Quebec, the
Maritime Provinces?Prince Edward Island,
Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Newfound-
land-rare the Appalachia of Canada,
cramped, economically depressed, losing
population, hindered by lack of ready ac-
cess to the outside world.
The prairie Provinces, like our Great
Plains, still are tied to a farm economy with
its resultant boom and bust cycles. Last
year was a boom time, but next year?or any
year?could be a disaster. The prairies are
trying desperately and in competition with
each other, to diversify by developing their
ore deposits.
British Columbia has the same problem of
economic development that plagues Wash-
ington and Oregon?the farMliar footnote
in the ad which says, "Slightly higher west
of the Rockies." Transportation is, expen-
sive, especialy in a land whose population
is spread out in a strip more than 3,000
miles long but only 200 miles deep. Brit-
ish Columbia is the end of the liRe.
Inflamed by the irritant of Quebec, in-
spired by dreams of new authority, provin-
cial rivalry has become so intense that many
Canadians would rather buy abroad than
from another Province. According to U.S.
News & World Report, economic studies show
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A2302 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD --- APPENDIX May 11, 1965
that Canadians will spend up to 15 percent
more to support local industries rather than
"imports" from other Provinces.
The executive of a Canadian firm is quoted
is saying, "We find it more difficult to sell
our products today in some of the Provinces
of our own country than in Algeria and
Venezuela."
He might not be typical of the majority of
Canadian industrialists, but there can be
little question that the essence of his lament
is real. Canadians, doing better than ever
before, don't feel they need each other as
they once did.
There can be even less question that the
sburce of this feeling, the irritant which
keeps Canada from finding a national iden-
tity IGO years after the search began, is
Quebec.
The Role of the OAS
XTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
ON. ELIGIO DE LA GARZA
OF TEXAS
IN THE HOIISE OF RElittSENTATIVES
Tuesday' May II, 1965
Mr. DE LA GARZA. Mr. Speaker, the
strife, turmoil, and bloodshed in the Do-
minican Republic in the last few days
points up once again the continuous
Communist subversion dictated from
Moscow and Peiping and implemented
from Havana.
Every American should be proud of
the swift action of President Johnson in
taking those measures necessary to in-
sure that communism shall not spread to
another freedom-loving people in our
own hemisphere.
The issues in the Dominican Repub-
lic crisis are clear. Shall a small band
of foreign-trained subversives defy the
will of the people, their constituted rep-
resentatives and their national neigh-
bors, or shall the comiained moral and
political forces of the republics of the
Western Hemisphere be brought to bear?
The United States has a clear answer.
President Johnson gave that answer in
his address to the Nation when he said:
The United States is ready to support with
every resource at its command the inter-
American system.
I am proud of the determination which
the President displayed to the world. I
am proud too of the strong support
which the American press has given to
our foreign policy decisions. The edi-
tors of our Nation have done an excel-
lent service in clarifying the issues and
printing informative explanations of the
nature of the U.S. commitment to fight
communism anywhere in the world. The
May 5 editorial from the Washington
Evening Star is a sample of that sup-
port.
This editorial follows:
THE R OLE or THE OAS
When the crisis in the Dominican Repub-
lic reached the point at which the governing
junta advised our officials that it could not
guarantee the safety of U.S. citizens and
those of other countries, President Johnson
acted promptly and firmly. When informa-
tion came through which persuaded him
that the revolt against the junta was being
taken under Communist control, he again
acted promptly and firmly. Additional
thousands of marines and paratroopers were
rushed to the Caribbean country. And this
wit the right thing to do. As a result our
nationals and the others have adequate pro-
teotion, large quantities of much-needed
foxi and medical supplies are getting
through, and theIighting for practical pur-
pcaes is over. All of this adds up to a good
day's work for Lyndon -Baines Johnson, and
wc, applaud his willingness to act decisively
when delay might have been fatal._ Once a
decision has been made to intervene in a
sii nation like this, it is vital that the in-
te wention be effective.
Still, the American people should not de-
ce Tye themselves.. There is much that re-
m ram to be done, and the doing of it may
be more difficult than sending in the ma-
rines and the paratroopers. Those who worry
at out our image say that the United States
s suffered because of this exercise In gun-
boat diplomacy. To the extent that this
m iy be true, and we do not believe there is
mach truth in it, the fact remains that, un-
der the circumstances, damage to our image
wat greatly to be preferred to the slaughter
of American citizens or a Communist take-
ov er in the Dominican Republic. On this
pc int it is significant that the complain-
ants, whether in the Senate, the United Na-
tions, or Latin America, have failed to come
ujtWith a plan for a better course of action,
or, in fact, with any proposal at all for an
agernative. The truth is that the President
hal no alternative, except to do nothing and
accept what promised to be frightful con-
sequences.
The stage has now been reached, however,
at which all parties should join in the search
for a political solution. In this connection
t1 e best hope lies with the Organization of
tlerican States, which has had a peace-seek-
ing commission in Santo Domingo for sev-
eral days.
It seems to us the OAS will do well to edn-
centrate its efforts on securing a cease-fire
is Santo Domingo followed by establishment
crean interim provisional government there.
If it prcives possible meanwhile to replace
our troops with an inter-American force, so
much the better. But there is less value in
Jr stifying the steps already taken to restore
o] der in the island than there is in searching
oltt a solution to the problem of the polit-
lora future.
After negotiations with both factions in
Santo Domingo, an OAS spokesman is re-
ported as saying that a great deal of progress
tc ward a solution of the crisis has been made.
5: nee no details were forthcoming, this
slaauld be put down as a generality, but a
htoeful one. On the other side of the ledger,
U.S. authorities are reported to have said they
al :e determined to make sure that all meas-
Wes will be taken to eliminate any danger of
a Communist takeover before American
troops leave the island.
Again, what we have here is a generality,
hat one which is in line with the President's
n.awly proclaimed doctrine that no new Com-
namist regime will be tolerated in the Amer-
ices.
All of this, it seems to us-, suggests that the
rale of the peacemakers will not be an easy
are. Our troops may be in the Dominican
Republic for quite a while. In the end, how-
erer, there must come an acceptable settle-
ment, and it is most likely to be achieved
through the good offices of the OAS.
Rumanian Independence Day
SPEECH
OF
HON. CLEMENT J. ZABLOCKI
OF WISCONSIN
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
- Monday, May 10, 1965
Mr. ZABLOCKI. Mr. Speaker, I am
pleased to join with my colleagues in
commemorating Rumanian Independ-
ence Day.
Twenty years ago?a generation?So-
viet military might thrust a crown of
thorns on the brow of Rumania. Since
that time the people of Rumania have
suffered under the domination of a Com-
munist totalitarian regime.
In recent years there have, happily,
been signs that the oppression slowly is
being lifted. No longer does the Soviet
Union maintain its military garrisons on
Rumanian soil.
Recently too, the Rumanian Govern-
ment has demonstrated some independ-
ence from Moscow, and has expressed a
desire for better relations with the West.
These efforts at breaking the grip of
Soviet communism over a people are to
be applauded. Let us hope that they
presage even further advances toward
restoring freedoms to the Rumanian
people:'
While no concession should be made
any regime in Eastern Europe which
would endanger our national security or
solidify the position of Communist rulers,
the United States should continue to
work for the betterment of the Ruma-
nian people.
In this effort, it May be possible to
explore increased trade, cultural and
trade relations between people of the
United States and the people of Ru-
mania. In this way it eventually may be
possible to assist the reentry of Ru-
mania into the .family of European na-
tions.
It is that glorious time we look toward
today as we commemorate Rumanian
Independence Day.
REA in Minnesota
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ALEC G. OLSON
OF MINN.ESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 11, 1965
Mr. OLSON of Minnesota. Mr. Speak-
er, perhaps no congressional district in
the Nation can testify more directly and
convincingly of benefits derived from the
Rural Electrification Administration
than the Sixth Congressional District
of Min:nesota. Since the beginning of
the rural electrification program in 1935,
REA has helped to light the homes and
ease the labors of farm people in rural
areas of the 19 counties in this district.
In this great agricultural area, REA
has been a boon to farm and village resi-
dents and to the city dwellers who have
cottages near our fine lakes or in our
wooded sections. Today, there are 13
rural electric cooperatives which main-
tain their headquarters facilities within
the Sixth Congressional District, and 6
others which serve sections of counties
in the Sixth District. In addition, there
are eight REA telephone borrowers which
have headquarters within this congres-
sional district.
The 13 rural electric borrowers are
operating a total of 19,664 miles of elec-
tric powerlines and they serve 53,044
rural consumers. One of these borrow-
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consideration the bill (H.R. 7657) to author-
ize appropriations during fiscal year 1966 for
procurement of aircraft, missiles, and naval
vessels, and research, development, test, and
evaluation for the Armed Forces and for other
purposes.
Mr. MACHEN. Mr. Chairman, as one
of the newest members of the House
Committee on the Armed Services, I
would like to take this opportunity to
expfess my sentiments about the excel-
lent manner in which my chairman pre-
sented the $15 billion military procure-
ment bill in the House.
It was another demonstration of the
effective leadership he has exhibited
since assuming the chair of the commit-
tee upon the retirement of the Hcmorable
Carl Vinson, who served as chairman so
long and well. We who are freshmen on
the Armed Services Committee will look
to L. MEN.DELL RIVERS for continued lead-
ership of the same high caliber.
President's Order on the Dominican
Republic
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ELMER J. HOLLAND
OF PENNSYLVANIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 11, 1965
Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. Speaker, because
of the numerous statements being issued
daily on the President's order dispatch-
ing our military personnel to the Domini-
can Republic, I should like to insert in
the RECORD a recent editorial from the
Pittsburgh Press, April 29, 1965, on this
subject.
As the Press has so ably stated, the
President is working and acting in be-
half of our citizens. Were he to ignore
their plight, there is a possibility that
not only the Americans in the Dominican
Republic would suffer. Other Amer-
icans?within our own borders?could
feel the effects of our Nation's disregard
of rebellions, even small ones, so close
to our shores.
The President's action was well taken,
I believe?and future events will so prove
It.
The editorial follows:
. SENDING THE MARINES
President Johnson's timely action in send-
ing U.S. Marines to protect 'U.S. citizens in a
friendly neighboring country torn by armed
strife is well taken?as is his urgent new
plea for warring factions within the Domini-
can Republic to cease fire.
The President ordered the Marines into
the island Republic? only after new fighting
had broken out and Dominican military au-
thorities advised that U.S. military aid was
needed to guarantee the safety of American
citizens.
The political situation within the Domin-
ican Republic remains unclear. The Domin-
ican Ambassador to the Organization of
American States contends efforts to over-
throw the Government were the "finaliza-
tion of Communist plans to make the
Dominican Republic a second Cuba."
Our troops are officially in the Caribbean
nation to guard U.S. citizens and foreign
nationals who ask our protection. But high
officials in Washington feel that we had an-
other purpose in landing marines?to check-
mate an attempt by Cuba's Communist dic-
tator, Castro, to extend his sway.
If that is true, it is welcome evidence that
the United States is willing to take a firmer
stand than it has in the past in blocking
subversive activity that threatens the peace
and good order of friendly nations in Latin
America.
Law Day in the United States
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. DONALD M. FRASER
OF MINNESOTA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATPVES
Thursday, May 6, 1965
Mr. FRASER. Mr. Speaker, one of
our very able jurists in Minnesota, the
Honorable Donald Barbeau, judge of the
district court of Hennepin County, was
the principal speaker in Law Day cere-
monies held in the city council chambers
in the city of Minneapolis on April 29,
1965.
His message is brief but eloquent. Law
Day is every day for the conscientious
jurist who must exercise constant vigi-
lance to see that the rights of all those
who come before him are protected.
Because this message speaks so clearly
of this continuing role of those adminis-
tering justice, under unanimous consent,
I insert it in the RECORD at this point:
LAW DAY U.S.A.?EVERY DAY U.S.A.
(An address delivered by the Honorable
Donald T. Barbeau, judge of the district
court, at Law Day ceremonies in the city
council `chambers, at 9:30 a.m., Apr. 29,
1965)
While I greatly admire the setting aside
of a particular day each year as Law Day to
reaffirm the Arnerthan belief in law and peace
as opposed to the totalitarian belief in armed
might, I must point out that those of us
closely connected with the law must and do
practice Law Day every clay of the year.
The people who appear in our courts come
from all levels of society, rich and poor, edu-
cated and uneducated, man, woman, and
child, of all races and creeds, the poverty
stricken and the affluent, the alcoholic, the
mental misfit, all reaching out for an Ameri-
can way of justice administered in an
equitable manner.
We jurists think of Law Day every day
when we ascend the bench and see before us
the poor and downtrodden and persons by
the thousands burdened with almost insur-
mountable problems of existence.
We see Law Day every clay when the
American system of justice is able to extend
itself and apprise each of these persons of
his rights, protect his constitutional privi-
leges and give each and every one an oppor-
tunity to express himself. Above all, we see
it when the American system of justice is
able to furnish help and succor to many of
these citizens who are enmeshed in prob-
lems beyond their control.
We think of Law Day every day when we
see the great legal advocate rise to defend
these same impoverished people, regardless
of how unpopular or impossible the cause
may be, and when he carries such cause to
the highest court in the land, not always
with success, but always with sincerity.
What bulwark would freedom or the in-
nocent unjustly accused of crime have if
none had the courage to defend?
We think of Law Day every. day when we
consider the judge who, to quote Socrates,
"hears courteously, answers wisely, considers
soberly, and decides impartially." We think
daily of the courts as being the guardians of
liberty and the sentinels who watch for the
capricious, the corrupt, the arbitrary, and
the automatic. We see it every day in the
conduct of the trial judge who feels it is his
duty to do justice, to love mercy, and to walk
humbly with his God.
The citizen, the advocate, and the judge,
all working together daily, must convince
the entire world that we have the finest form
of justice. This can be done by the daily
guarding of our precious heritage and a daily
reaffirmation of our belief in the dignity of
man because freedom itself demands con-
stant vigilance. We must all daily dedicate
ourselves to fighting for freedom for "the
man next door." So to us who sit as judges
"the rule of right, not might" is a living,
vibrant thought that must be present day in
and day out.
The American system of justice, though
not perfect, is the marvel of the modern
world. Under it we have grown and
progressed and become the richest and most
powerful Nation in the world.
But more important than that, today in-
our country the lowliest person under our
flag enjoys a broader opportunity to possess
happiness, more equal justice, more protec-
tion of life, liberty and property, and a great-
er personal freedom than has ever been pro-
vided for the common man by any other
legal system in recorded history.
Under present world conditions, with all
of us so concerned lest nations and peoples,
forgetting law and morality, turn to mutual
destruction, we need all the more every day,
as well as Law Day, to work for a day when
law may govern nations as it does men with-
in nations.
Thoughtful persons do not need to be told
that our Government cannot long exist once
respect for the law is destroyed. Any apathy
or indifference to the great rights of Ameri-
can justice may deprive us of many of them.
It is most proper, therefore, that on Law.
Day U.S.A. and every other day we rededicate
ourselves to the idea of the preservation of
a free society with equality and justice for
all.
His Victory Our Loss
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. RICHARD D. McCARTHY
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 11, 1965
Mr. McCARTHY. Mr. Speaker, it is
with mixed emotions that I heard last
week of the official election as interna-
tional vice president of the United Steel-
workers of America of my dear friend,
Joseph P. Molony of Buffalo. For while
I and countless of my fellow citizens in
Erie County are gratified and proud that
our neighbor, Joe Molony, has been ele-
vated by his brother steelworkers to the
second highest post in the Nation's third
largest trade union, we stand to lose a
wonderful member of our civic commu-
nity.
Much has been written in recent years
about the development of the so-called
"union bureaucrat," Mr. Speaker, and
there have been those both within and
without the house of labor who have
spoken sharply about the leadership of
the American trade union movement.
Some have suggested that their former
Ideals and aspirations have been shelved
in favor of personal gain and power.
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There is no question but that this has
been the case hi many unions, but it is
indeed refreshing to know that three
decades in the labor movement, through
both good and bad days, have not
changed the principals and standards of
Joe Molony, who has earned the respect
arid the admiration of leading indus-
trialists, statesmen and civic leaden.
Our neighbor and friend, Joe Molony,
has been saluted in the Wall Street
Journal for his determination and reso-
lution to seek the fruits of the American
way of life for the some 1 million mem-
bers of the United Steelworkers. He is
indeed in the tradition of Phillip Mur-
ray, the beloved founder of his union,
and of the other great figures of the
American trade union movement.
Mr. Speaker, if there is no objection,
I would like to insert the following edi-
torial tribute which appeared in the
Buffalo Evening News on May 4, 1965:
HIS VICTORY OUR Loss
Now that the election of the Abel-Molony
ticket of the United Steel Workers is official
even though the result is not conceded by
incumbent President David .1. McDonald, we
congratulate the winners. But especially so
to "Joe" Molony, who is known in Buffalo
not only as a forthright and courageous and
intelligent labor man but as a civic leader.
As such he has been enlisted on the side of
good government in Btiffalo and Erie County.
Ed Kelly, our respected labor reporter, ad-
vises that Mr. lvfolony's election as vice pres-
ident of United Steel Workers doubtless
means he will have to move himself and his
headquarters to Pittsburgh, the center of
activity for the million-member Steel Work-
ers Union. This will be a gain for the steel
workers, we believe, but it will be a serious
loss in the political areas in which Mr.
Molony has been active and has made his
voice heard and Judgment felt in this com-
munity. There are those who will be glad
to see him go. We are not among them.
Laotian National Day, May 11
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ADAM C. POWELL
OF NEW YORK
- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, Oril 27, 1965
Mr. POWELL. Mr. Speaker, on May
11, 1947, Laos promulgated its first con-
stttution. This constitution was to be-
coine a kind of modern statute for the
kingdom, which received its independ-
ence from France 2 Years later. In Laos,
May 11 has been designated National
Day and today is the 18th anniversary of
that important and historic occasion.
I wish to take this opportunity to con-
gratulate His Majesty King Sri Savang
Vatthana, His Royal Highness Prime
Minister Souvanna Phouina, and His
Royal Highness, the Laotian Ambassador '
to the United States, Prince Tiao Kham-
pan.
It is an appropriate time to turn our -
attention to the Kingdom of Laos. There
Is a tendency for our eyes to focus on the
developments in South Vietnam and to
ignore what is happening in Laos. Yet
Laos, as much as its neighbor to the
south, is deeply engaged in a grim strug-
Ole for survival. Both countries are
Waging a war against Communist subver-
sion and penetration.
The front pages of newspapers are
filled with reports from South Vietnam-
-about the most recent air strike against a
'Vietcong stronghold or the arrival of a
new contingent of marines. On rare
-occasions a column or two on Laos may
appear in an inside page. In Laos there
Is none of the tempo or drama of the con-
flict in South Vietnam. Perhaps, for
:this reason, it is often called "the quiet
war."
We should not forget, however, that the
struggles in Laos and South Vietnam
are indivisible. The leaders in Hanoi
are masterminding both offensives and
their goal in each case is the same.
Their aim is clear and unmistakable?
to bring the people of both countries un-
der Communist domination.
A year ago the Communist Pathet Lao
were rapidly gaining ground and the
Royal Lao government, as represented by
its neutralist and right wings, was falling
'apart. Indeed, it seemed that Laos was
almost lost. The last 12 months, how-
ever, have seen some remarkable changes.
-.Prime Minister Souvanna Phouma has
-consolidated his power and is for the
moment confident and prepared to battle
with the Communist guerrillas.
It would be unwise to exaggerate the
'importance of these gains. On the 18th
'anniversary of its "national day" the
kingdom of Laos faces a difficult and
dangerous future. In the year to come
each day will be a test of the people's
.strength and will to survive. We in the
:United States honor these democratic
and freedom-loving people. Their cour-
age in these days of crisis assures them
of the continued close support of the
American people.
The President's Agonizing Choice
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. ABRAHAM J. MU,LTER
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 11, 1965
Mr. MULTER. Mr. Speaker, I com-
mend to the attention of our colleagues
the following column by Max Lerner
which was reprinted in the New York
" Herald Tribune of May 10, 1965 by the
International Latex Corp.
Mr. Lerner has put his finger directly
on one of the tremendous problems fac-
ing our President.
The article follows:
PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S AGONIZING CHOICE
(NOTE.?The following article from the pen
of a renowned political liberal, a distin-
guished scholar and widely read columnist,
- sheds light where so much heat is now being
generated. Reason and fact are used here
to counter the confusions born of passion
and noise. -
(We are convinced that Mr. Max Lerner's
article should be read by Americans and
Latin Americans alike; and by those who find
strange comfort in criticizing President
Johnson for his courageous decisions in the
Dominican Republic disaster.
Mag 11, .1965
(A. N.'Spanel, founder chairman, Interna-
tional Latex Corp.)
A friend of mine, who knows Latin Ameri-
ca- better- than I do, says it will be a long,
hot summer in the Caribbean. Certainly
What has happened in Santo Domingo, turn-
ing a lovely city Into a charnel house, sug-
gests that there are volcanic political pas-
sions in the area. The bloodshed wears the
aspect not only of a rebellion but of a civil
war, with longstanding hatreds coming into
play and old accounts being settled. -
In this jungle of passions, anti-American
hatreds emerged very early in the rebellion.
President Johnson had to act swiftly to get
American civilians out. But most political
decisions have plural, not single, motives.
Having entered the Dominican Republic to
save lives, the American troops have stayed
to prevent anarchy, seal off the chances
of a :Communist takeover, and await the
beginnings of a new frame of political order.
One's first impulse is to say that this was
a monstrous blunder, awakening -long muted
memories of marine landings and gunboat
diplomacy, and :Ceeding the Castro image of
American imperialism.. Yet one cannot stop
there, without raising a haunting question:
What was the alternative for President
Johnson? Was it to appeal to the OAS?
There would be days and days before any
practical action; and if the revolt did in-
deed 'contain, as a second-stage effect, the
design for a Co:mmunist takeover, the OAS -
action would have come far too late. Or
was the alternative simply to stay out, or
to get out again immediately after the first
evacuation of Americans, and let events take
their course?
It isn't enough to point out in a holier-
than-they way what must have been _obvious
enough to Johnson, Rusk, Bundy, and Toni
Mann--that the decision was a dangerous
one. ? But was there any alternative that
would have been any less dangerous? Run-
ning a country isn't a question of making
choices between the beautiful decisions and
the damned ones. It is often an impossible
choice between a blind alley and a somewhat
less blind one, and -a President is lucky, even
as he enters a dark tunnel, that he can see
a thin shaft of light at the far end.
The whole decision in the Dominican oper-
ation', a% it transpired in the minds of the
President and his advisers, was made in the
shadow of Cuba. It is easy to say that the
shadow shouldn't have been there-but it
was. Too much blood has been spilt in Cuba,
too many lives have been blasted there, toe
much heartbreak arid frustration and re-
morse have been felt in Washington to leave
the slate blank.
The pro-Bosch -leaders now say that the
Communist elements in the revolt are not
man.5i.', and that the irresponsible ones got
out of control. Maybe so. Certainly Bosch
himself is a decent committed democrat with
a small d, even if he is an ineffectual political
leader. But after the Castro experience
should one have expected President Johnson
to take a course of action?or nonaction-,-
that .might well have led to a second .Cuba
off American shores? For him to have done
so would not only have been out of character
an out of philosophy; it would also have
run Counter to the kind of President most
of the American people think he is, and the
kind -of belief they have in him.
Well, then, once the American troops came
in, why has President Johnson piled up more
and more thousands of them? Isn't ea:b,h
detachment he sends a further slap_ at the
Latin American self-image? Here again one
must go back to Cuban-American history,
this time to the Bay of Pigs. The shadow
of the .Bay of Pigs fiasco hangs even more
heavily over Washington than the shadow
of Castro's persistence in power. If the Bay
of Pigs invasion was . a mistake then?as
everyone now agrees--the failure to carry it
through in full force compounded the mis-
take many times over. That was in Ken-
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nedy's mind when he had to make a decision
on The Russian missiles in Cuba.. It will be
in the mind of every President for some years
to oome. If history is lights and shadows, it
is mostly shadows.
Of course there has been an outcry from
the Latin neighbors and partners of the
United States, If I were a Brazilian, a Mexi-
can, a Chilean, I should probably be joining
in the outcry. Yet if I asked myself what
alternative there was, I should have no
answer. I suspect strongly that, however
great the outcry has been, it would have
been dim and pale alongside the withering
contempt of the Latin American leaders if
the United States had done nothing, if its
citizens had been killed, and if the revolt
had led to another Castro regime?or a Cas-
tro-oriented one?in Santo Domingo.
The satisfying fact is that the OAS politi-
cal presence has been enabled to establish it-
self alongside the U.S. military presence.
There are dead,to be buried, wounds to be
bound up, food to be distributed, the rou-
tines of life to be restored. A new leadership
will in time be found, and with heavy eco-
nomic aid it will be able to make a new
beginning of order. Whatever may be said
against the Americans, they will not stay any
longer than the minimal need for them.
They will get out. That would not have been
true _of the Castroites, if they had been
given a clia.noe to turn the rebellion into a
class dictatorship.
A Tribute to Congreasman Frank Annunzio
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
HON. ROMAN C. PUCINSK1
OF ILI,INOIS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Wednesday, April 28, 1965
Mr. PUCINSKI. Mr. Speaker, last
week our colleague from Chicago, Con-
gressman FsAxx Aisimunzio, was honored
by the Filippoo Mazzei Post No. 1,
Lllinois, of the Italian-American War
Veterans of the United States, for his
outstanding contribution in behalf of
veterans legislation.
I should like to call my colleagues' at-
tention to the fine tribute given Mr.
Awisluxzio and also to include his own
remarks delivered in Chicago on Loyalty
Day, May 1, 1965. We can all find great
inspiration in Mr. Axisruivzio's eloquent
words regarding Loyalty Day.
Mr. Speaker, the two documents fol-
low:
A TRIBUTE TO CONGRESSMAN FRANK
Aisminsizao
(By Dr. James F. Greco, commander, Italian
American War Veterans of the United
States, Inc.)
We are pleased to have with us this eve-
ning the distinguished Congressman from
the Seventh Congressional District of the
State of Illinois, HOU. FRANK ANNUNZIO.
We welcome him as a friend; but his
presence here tonight is of even greater sig-
nificance?he is a champion of veterans
everywhere.
From his earliest beginnings, Congressman
Ailisrowzio's interest in civic affairs has
prompted him to work for and with the peo-
ple?recognizing their needs and their
deeds?filling those needs and praising their
deeds.
A look at the long, impressive list of his
accomplishments makes one wonder how one
man could have done so much. His driving
vitality earned him a bachelor of arts de-
gree and a master's degree from DePaul Uni-
versity. He entered the teaching profession
and guided students in many of our Chicago
schools.
As a fighter for human rights, he was in
the trenches many years ago. After he was
named director of labor in 1949, he issued a
bulletin which drastically eliminated, dis-
crimination in employment services. He con-
tinually worked for the educational and leg-
islative betterment of the labor community.
For his service to the Catholic Youth Or-
ganization, FRANK received the CYO Bishop
Sheil Medal?Club of Champions. His fos-
tering of good relations between Italy and
the United States impelled the Italian Gov-
ernment to award him the Medal of
Solidarity during the crucial period of World
War II.
Even in private business FRANK found time
to be part and parcel of a multitude of civic
and charitable organizations. And just to
prove this man is human, he is married and
the father of three lovely girls. To his four
grandsons, he is simply and Rif &atonally
"Grandpa."
FRANK typifies the expression, "Service be-
fore self," and he is not a man who is satis-
fied to go on past performance. His projected
plans for the future include the procurement
of a congressional charter for the national
organization, the establishment of a nation-
al shrine for Italian-American Wax Veterans.
He has been instrumental in securing a 40-
bed hospital on the West Side of Chicago
which will be built in 1966.
On March 12 of this year, we were honored
to have FRANK represent the Filippo Mazzei
post at the ceremonies at the Tomb of the
Unknown Soldier and at the wreath-laying
ceremony at the Itennedy gravesite in Arling-
ton Cemetery.
And so this evening we feel it particularly
fitting that we present Hon. FRANK AN-
NUNZIO with the flag of the country he is
serving so well. May it long stanpl in his of-
fice in Washington as a reminder of the high
esteem in which he is held by his friends of
the Filippo Mazzei Post.
LOYALTY DAY
(By Congressman FRANK ANNUNZIO)
I am very happy to be here with you to-
night and very honored to be invited to share
your observance of Loyalty Day. In March
1961 the late Senator Wiley, of Wisconsin,
predicted that our country during the 1960's
will face "threats to our security and sur-
vival greater than ever before in our history."
In this spring of 1965, the truth of his words
is becoming appallingly apparent. Never has
our country had greater need of our loyalty,
and never has there been a time, more ur-
gent in its demand, for all Americans to step
forward and give expression to their loyalty.
I did two things when I first began to think
of speaking to you tonight. I looked up the
dictionary's definition of loyalty, and I looked
back over the history of Loyalty Day in order
to review it briefly with you. From time to
time, our office has been asked what is
Loyalty Day, how it does differ from Law
Day, and why are they both celebrated on
the same day.
Loyalty, according to Mr. Webster, is the
state, quality, or instance of being loyal, and
one of the definitions of loyalty is "being
faithful to the lawful government."
In 1961, the chairman of Loyalty Day of the
Veterans of Foreign Wars, Thomas B. Dean,
published an article entitled "Loyalty Day?
Americanism in Action." It appeared in the
VFW magazine, and in it he reviewed the be-
ginnings of Loyalty Day. He wrote:
"When the Communists in the United
States flaunted their anti-American beliefs
with the visual aid of annual May 1 parade
in the heart of New York City, the VFW par-
ried this strategy with the sponsorship of
another parade?this one dedicated to the
spirit of Americanism. Subsequently the May
1 parade by Communists in New York became
a memory."
Loyalty Day then was the idea of a veter-
an's organization, whose members had fought
on land and sea. It was the brainchild of
men who knew the horrors of war and who
were determined that all people of this coun-
try should understand the sacrifices of war
and rededicate themselves to a love of coun-
try which these fighting men had demon-
strated in the past.
The idea was enthusiastically received.
The American Legion and. numerous other
groups joined in celebrating Loyalty Day in
State after State, city after city. Then Gov-
ernor after Governor in all the States joined
t)ie list of those proclaiming May 1 as
Loyalty Day.
In 1955, Congress by a special proclamation
designated May 1, 1955, as Loyalty Day, and
3 years later the Congress officially designated
May 1 of each year as Loyalty Day.
The resolution was introduced in Congress
by Mr. Van Zandt in the House, who said
he did it at the request of the Veterans of
Foreign Wars. He offered an explanation of
why May 1 was chosen, when he said:
"The idea of a patriotic celebration is an
excellent means of countering communism.
May Day demonstrations was conceived * * *
about 30 years ago. It was agreed that
emphasis should be placed on and attention
focused on loyal Americans rather than sub-
versive elements * * * (and that the day
should be) dedicated to openly expressing
loyalty to our?Nation and its cherished ideals
of liberty and freedom. In short, the vir-
tues of true Americanism were given the
public spotlight as a fitting and conclusive
rebuttal to the vaunted claims of the Com-
munists."
The joint resolution requested the Presi-
dent to order the flag to be displayed on
Government buildings and to invite the peo-
ple to observe Loyalty Day with appropriate
ceremonies.
In the same year that Congress designated
May 1 as Loyalty Day, President Eisenhower
proclaimed May 1 as Law Day, and 3 years
later Congress by joint resolution officially
designated May 1 of each year as Law Day.
The result is that we celebrate both 'Law
Day and Loyalty Day on May 1, but no one
has ever suggested that the two observances
on the same day conflict in any manner.
If you recall with me the definition of
loyal as "being faithful to the lawful gov-
ernment," you will see why no question was
ever asked. However, the newspaper, The
Stars and Stripes, on May 1, 1958, carried
an editorial an "Law and Loyalty," which
summarized the affinity of the 2 days as fol-
lows:
"Fortunately the icleas do not conflict.
Dedication to the principles of government
under law and loyalty to our country go
hand in hand. Proper observance of the
law brings of itself loyalty to the country
and loyalty to the country must result in
recognition of law which governs the peo-
ple."
A good citizen obeys the law and is loyal
to his country. A loyal man is faithful to
the lawful government. America today is
being challenged by a ruthless world and by
countries without principles who are dedi-
cated only to the will to conquer and to ac-
complish world domination. I thank you for
this opportunity to join with you in this
Loyalty Day observance to demonstrate to
the world that we in America are free and
friendly and dedicated to the proposition
that all men should be free and friendly'
and in addition, we are united as one people
living loyally under law.
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ApprovedF
A2316 trCR61111521Q9NArlAt~tE/2610152441113R4005001 2003May 11- 1965
Reds Learn L.B.J.'s Tough
EXTENSION OP REMARKS
OF
HON. J. J. PICKLt
OF TAS
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, May 11, 1965
Mr. PICKLE, Mr. Speaker, all Amer-
icans can point with pride to the dy-
namic leadership of President Johnson
in the field of foreign affairs.
We in "America?and especially we
Members of Congress?have long ad-
mired the President for his ingenious
insight into the domestic problems that
confront our people. We have seen him
cope with these complex problems with
an amazing ability and outstanding ef-
fectiveness.
But only in recent weeks has the world
learned of the leadership greatness of
Lyndon B. Johnson. This Nation's re-
cent actions in Vietnam and in Central
America have focused the world spotlight
on our courageous Commander in Chief,
Who has charted his course of leadership
in the free world community and pre
-
claimed his position to the people of all
nations.
There were skeptics, of course. There
were those who doubted the wisdom of
the President's policies. However, more
and more leaders of liberty-loving na-
tions everywhere are supporting these
Policies and joining with our President
in standing firmly united against our
common Communist foe.
Now, perhaps more than ever before
in recent history, the free world stands
strongly in unison against the aggres-
sive acts of our enemy. This united
front is due greatly to the determined ac-
tion and firm know-how leadership of
President Johnson.
Surely all Americans, and indeed the
entire free world, owe President Lyndon
13. Johnson a debt of gratitude.
Our Nation's editors, who have fol-
lowed closely the turn of events in for-
eign affairs, appreciate and understand
the international importance of Presi-
dent Johnson's courageous actions. In
this connection, I would like at this time
to insert in the RECORD an editorial by
Mr. Robert Cl. Spivack as it appeared
in the May 5, 1965, issue of the New York
Journal-American.
This article clearly demonstrates that
the American people are strongly in sup-
port of our great President:
Trom the New York Journal-American,
May 5, 1965]
WATCH ON THE POTOMAC: tEDS LEARN L.B.J.'s
TOUGH
? (13y Robert G. Spivak)
WAsunmro.--Presiderit Johnson is prey-
ing as Much of a professional in his handling
of international crises as in domestic affairs.
In every open confrontation with the Corn-
' rnunists during his 17 Months as President
? they have more than met their match. Where
the Communists have tried to capitalize on
anabignity, chaos, and confusion, as in the
pOrninican Republic, the President has not
been found wanting either.
' It has taken the Communists, torn by dis-
? sension andnrider heavy Chinese pressure, a
little time t6 realize what they were up
against. The new President was, to them
and R:;? many Americans, an unknown quan-
tity. But they may be catching on. The
best Measure of how badly they have been
hurt 25 how loudly they have howled since
the lornbing of North Vietnamese military
lusts nations.
NC -_Tone expects them to let up in their ef-
t ortE to probe for L.B.J.'s weak spots, or give
up taunting here and testing there, looking
for lhatever openings they can find. But,
unli re some Of L.I3.J.'s fuzzy-minded critics
at 115Me, they are completely realistic.
If _there is no advantage to be gained in
Salve Domingo, they will retreat, since res-
toration of constitutional government under
the liberal Juan Bosch was never their real
objective. In Vietnam there are new indi-
catimas that they would like a temporary
cess1tion to hostilities, because of the pun-
ishment they have been taking and might
yet take.
His the President's policy succeded in
Nor5h Vietnam? Perhaps it is too early to
tell. ' But one European expert on Far East-
ern affairs who briefed the Senate Foreign
Relations Committee in executive session
for cast nearly a month ago that Red,China
wot.ld react cautiously to the American
action.
Now, obscured by the headlines from the
Dorainican Republic, comes news that the
Vie ;bong guerrillas say they do not want
"volunteers" from China or the Soviet
Un: on, that they want to win the war them-
selves. It's a good propaganda line, espe-
cia:ly since their allies have not seemed over-
eager to have a military confrontation with
tilt United States.
17hat of the President's intervention in the
Dominican revolt? At this stage thete are
several mysteries about that unhappy affair,
especially its timing. Perhaps Bosch- will
exp lain why at this particular moment an
e,ff(gt. was made to overthrow the civilian
junta. Bosch is no Caatroite; he is a close
friend' of former Gov. Mulioz-Marin of
PUirto Rico, who is a good friend of the
yr ited States.
:int he is also something of a political in-
no:tent. The whole affair looks very ama-
teurish, not simply because Castroites and
ot:ier Communists could be expected to move
in quickly and try to take control, but be-
ca1se the rebels did not understand how
L.:3.J. would respond.
rhe President is aware that the Domini-
ca military are no friends of democracy,
that many are ex-Trujilloites. But he could
rut risk a sec-ond front being opened against
Hi@ United States while we were engaged in
Vietnam. Better than others he knows the
inside story of the halfway measures taken
at the Bay of Pigs; he was determined there
would be nothing like that again.
Johnson does not expect the presence of
U S. Marines to solve the Dominican prob-
lems. They were a temporary, but neces-
sery, expedient. But to know when to take
such measures and to act decisively is what
stingutshes the pro from the amateur.
Rumanian Independence Day
SPEECH
OF
HON. JOHN C. KLUCZYNSKI
OF =rams
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Monday, May 10, 1965
Mr. KLUCZYNSKI. Mr. Speaker, 20
1'ears ago Soviet communism crushed the
iteedorn and independence of many civ-
ilized European nations, among them
1he sovereign, constitutional, and so-
cially Progressive Kingdom of Rumania,
established on the 10th of May 1881.
Transformed into a so-called peoples re-
public, Rumania today is in fact a Soviet
colony, ruled by the naked force and
incredible terror of totalitarian tyranny.
To stifle the national feeling of the peo-
ple, even the celebration of the 10th of
May?the traditional national holiday?
has been forbidden. Today only the ref-
ugees scattered over the free world,
many of them in our own country, are
able to perpetuate the sacred tradition
and in so doing, to draw our attention
to the present tragedy and the just as-
pirations of their oppressed people.
As a nation conceived in freedom and
committed to its defense everywhere, we
Americans feel deeply saddened by the
plight of the Rumanians and appreciate
highly their valiant resistance to tyranny
as a valuable contribution to the general
struggle against the Communist menace.
Let .us therefore take advantage of the
anniversary of the 10th of May to con-
vey to Rumanians everywhere the sin-
cere sympathy and the very best wishes
of the American people. Let us assure
them anew of our determination to pur-
sue, with prudence of course, but with
firmness, our national commitment as
defenders of freedom. We consider the
right of all peoples to freelY choose their
governments as sacred and inalienable
and in the common interest of peace.
Thus we cannot and will not acquiesce in
their enslavement or accept the status
quo as permanent. On the contrary, we
are dutybound to support their striv-
ings for freedom by all peaceful means,
and express our conviction in the ulti-
mate victory of our common efforts.
Recent developments in the Commu-
nist world add considerable substance to
our hopes, especially concerning the Ru-
manians. A great deal has been written
recently about a seemingly radical
change of mind and policy by Rumania's
Communist rulers, who are alleged to
have become politically?but not mili-
tarily and economicaliy?"almost inde-
pendent" of Moscow, eager to put na-
tional interests above Communist alle-
giance and to intensify contacts with the
West. Consequently the West, and our
administration particularly, has decided
to encourage by all means, mainly eco-
nomic, the Bucharest regime in its new
orientation.
We certainly welcome any change for
the better in Rumania, provided it be
genuine, and we wholeheartedly approve
any American help, provided it improves
the lot of the people more than it
strengthens the Communist regime.
Well knowing that it was the stubborn
Will for freedom of the Rumanians which
compelled their rulers to make certain
"concessions" to the national sentiment
and national interests, we must Make
it clear that We do not intend to recog-
nize the Communist regime as-legitimate,
or to bail it out from its self-created eco-
nomic chaos simply for its own sake.
Our intention is to alleviate the lot of
the people and thus make them more
able to assert more forcefully their will to
freedom. Any confusion or misrepre-
sentation concerning this fundamental
position might tend to dishearten the
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