DIFFICULTIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP69B00369R000200290076-0
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 12, 2016
• Document Release Date: October 7, 2001
• Sequence Number: 76
• Publication Date: November 6, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release 2001/1.1/01 : CIA-RDP69B00369R000200.290076-0
November 6, 1967 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE
lar or unpopular-to preserve and conserve
the Nation that. he serves.
The public opinion polls, (which should
be printed with the weather reports since
they show onl which way the wind is blow-
ing yesterday, are not the kind of reports
on which ii leader can safely base the course
of the most imposing ship of state the world
has ever known. Other more urgent signs
must be read and weighed: The direction the
wind is blowing is not nearly so important as
where that wind may be taking us.
I do Zot intend to speak of the battle for
preservation, except to note that President
Johnson is pursuing America's best interests
with strength and determination. On a bat-
tlefield far from our everyday world of home
we are winning a war to preserve our very
way of life.
That the President has also found the re-
sources 'to lead a li. storee crusade on behalf
of this country's natural beauty and re-
sources is almost a miracle, But it is a mira-
cle with real substance.
His Administrations' record of conserva-
tion legislation is more than substantial-
it is the greatest list of accomplishments on
behalf of the overall environment that has
ever been written into the Nation's law books.
This is my field and I am particularly proud
0r it.
In the realm of Indian affairs, for example,
we have seen substantial progress from a base
of need and inequity unmatched by any other
group of Americans .
More than 5,000 units of low-cost housing
have been built or are under construction
by nearly 100 tribal housing authorities .
more than 100 industrial and commercial
firms have established plants on or near In-
di,an reservations creating jobs for several
thousand Indians ... gross income from In-
dian national resource production increased
more than $20 million in the last fiscal year
to a total of $180 million. Mineral leases
brought in another $30 million ... more
than 2,000 Indian students last year received
BIA college scholarships and grants, double
the number of just three,years ago . be-
yond the statistics Indian people, Indian
leadership, are taking an ever more active
role in shaping their own future, in making
the decisions necessary for increased prog-
ress.
President Johnson's, conservation program
has extended beyond humans (although with
an eye to hunters, anglers, and wildlife-
watchers) and has taken cognizance of our
embattled fish and wildlife. From December
enough to supply a city the size of San Fran-
cisco or Washington, D.C. and will generate
enough power for a city the size of Phila-
delphia.
Wide-frame thinking has gone into the
Johnson Administration's approach to our
mineral resources. The approach today is not
just to hang onto our known reserves and
,We
We them in the wisest way, but to stand
and look at the entire minerals pic-
ture-including what to do with the mount-
ing piles of discarded junk that deadend
these resources and mar the countryside.
Stepped-up Government efforts to relieve
mining areas of underground fires, subsid-
ence and blight, protected and improved
property valued at nearly $2,5 billion and
improved the quality of life for 6.5 million
Americans living in these areas. The proj-
ects involved, approved by the Appalachian
Regional Commission for Federal-State cost
sharing, are providing nearly 800 man-years
of work in an economically depressed re-
gion.
It matters not in what direction you turn
your eyes here on the home front. The en-
vironmental battle is going forward with
vigor, with vision, and above all, with an
,interlocking purpose about it. People, re-
sources, wildlife, all the elements of the en-
vironment we live in and are part of, are
receiving due regard in the Federal scheme
of things. This is a new departure. This is
heads-up, alert, intelligent planning,-a far
cry from the finger-in-the-dike approach
with which we have made-do in the past. But
today, we realize that well-enough then is no
longer applicable to today's world.
I submit that it takes a man with vision
and courage to tackle the wide range of
problems that President Johnson has put his
hand to. A lesser man would have pulled
at least one of his punches. But the world
view was taken by the President.
He saw that preservation of our way of
life against an alien ideology which threat-
ened from without, must be given equal at-
tention with conservation of our fabric of
life against the waste and overcrowding and
pollution that threaten from within.
The fights for social and political preser-
vation of our way of life, and the conserva-
tion of the environmental quality of our
land, are companion struggles. To win either
one and lose the other, would be a national
tragedy.
I count myself extremely fortunate to be
serving under the leadership of such a Pres-
4A-
acres were added to the VNationalJ Wildlife O~ ~_
Refuge system, including nearly 105,000 LIF ICULTIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST
acres of refuge lands and more than 604,000 Mr. BREWSTER. Mr. President, the
acres recently, has areas.
Washington Evening Star of November
Until il recentlyy, , water has been n our most
abused natural resource. The state of the 2, 1967, contains an editorial entitled
Nation's waterways was a state of scandal "Commonsense and the Arabs."
and disgrace. Today, the pollution brakes It deals with one of the most troubling
are on, control measures are -gathering situations we face in the world today-
strength and speed, and it is now possible to the continuing difficulties in the Middle
predict an end to mounting pollution and a East.
gradual rollback to ever-cleaner, purer water. The editorial states accurately and
Research in weather modification is under concisely what is at the root of the un-
way, with Government scier)tists seeking to
induce precipitation from clouds, to increase easiness in the Middle East. I ask unani-
the runoff, which- then could be stored in mous consent that it be printed in the
reservoirs already built and released during RECORD.
dry periods. ,Research appropriations for There being no objection, the editorial
weather modification in Fiscal 1965 and 1966 was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
totaled nearly $7 million-double that of all az follows:
previous years.
An expanded and extended program of. COMMONSENSE AND THE ARABS
research ail develppmentin desalting ocean It is difficult to see what the Arab states
and brackish water,was approved in 1965, hope to gain by their continuing refusal to
authorizing five years of work with $200 recognize Israel and negotiate a definitive
million ceiling. Out of this, in part, will peace treaty with it. The longer they adhere
grow by the early 1970's a 150-million-gallon- to such negativism, the harder they will find
per-day nuclear-powered operation for the the bargaining when they at last agree-as
Metropolitan Water District of Southern they eventually must-to engage in talks
S 15803
Levi Eshkol in his latest address to the Israeli
Parliament. The situation that existed before
the six-day war in June "shall never be re-
stored." As long as the Arabs decline to talk,
Israel will consolidate its position in all the
occupied areas-the Golan Heights of Syria,
the Gaza Strip, the Sinai Desert, the west
bank of the Jordan River, and regions affect-
ing freedom of passage in the Gulf of Aqaba
and the Suez Canal. As for Jerusalem, the
Israelis apparently intend to hold on to the
whole of it, permanently-a decision that
runs defiantly counter to world opinion as
expressed in a 99-to-0 vote by the United
Nations General Assembly.
Aside from Jerusalem, however, and cer-
tain other places deemed vital to security,
Israel, according to Eshkol, "is prepared to
conduct direct negotiations with all the
neighborhing Arab countries or with any one
of them separately," to resolve boundary
questions. Presumably assuming good faith
on both sides, the negotiations could result
in a return to the Arabs of most of the oc-
cupied regions. The Israelis themselves have
reason to favor such a return. After all, the
areas that fell to them in June are inhabited
by more than 1 million Arabs with a very
high birthrate, and Israel can hardly relish
the ideaof trying to annex and govern so
many potentially hostile people-a force
that might be used by the more reckless
Arab leaders to create an underground ter-
rorist army.
At the moment, with the Israelis stiffening
their bargaining terms with each passing day,
and with the Arabs still calling for the an-
nihilation of their Jewish neighbor, the out-
look for any progress toward direct negotia-
tions-with or without the help of a United
Nations intermediary-seems almost hopeless.
Yet Eshkol and his government are not en-
tirely pessimistic: "We believe that there are
positive internal forces here and in the
area which are working toward peace in the
Middle East. In this peace lies the starting
point for a solution of the area's problems,
including the problem of the Arab refugees."
Israel is ready to begin negotiating at once,
but the other side adamantly rejects the
idea. So the situation hardens, ceasefire viola-
tions escalate, and the threat of a renewal
of full-scale war grows rather than lessens.
It is hard to believe that this is the direc-
tion in which responsible Arab leaders really
want events to drift.
ARE THEY BUGGING YOU?
Mr. LONG of Missouri. Mr. President,
the Philadelphia Inquirer of September
24, 1967, contains an interesting article
entitled "Proliferating Miniature Tech-
nology: Are They Bugging You?-The
High Art of Modern Eavesdropping."
Since this is an interesting survey of
the "art of modern eavesdropping," I ask
unanimous consent that it be printed in
the RECORD.
There being no objection, the article
was ordered to be printed in the RECORD,
as follows:
PROLIFERATING MINIATURE TECHNOLOGY: ARE
THEY BUGGING You?-THE HIGH ART OF
MODERN EAVESDROPPING
(NOTE.-The article which follows was
written for "West" magazine of the Los An-
geles Times and obtained through the serv-
ices of that newspaper.)
(By Keith Monroe)
If this hasn't happened to you yet, it may:
You are dickering with a car salesman. He
excuses himself. Your family presses you to
buy on his terms-and somehow he knows it
wh
n h
t
H
e
e re
urns.
e makes no better offer.
California-the world's biggest desalting for an enduring settlement. You end up settling for a worse deal than
plant by far. It will provide fresh water This has been made quite clear by Premier was likely.
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 S 15804
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CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - SENATE November 6, 1967
In an angry moment in your office, you
pop off about someone to your confidential
secretary. Unaccountably it gets to the wrong
ears. You lose the promotion you expected.
Your innocent telephone banter with an
old friend is mysteriously overheard and mis-
interpreted. It becomes common gossip, em-
barrassing you and your friend.
Your opponents in a lawsuit seem magi-
cally forewarned of your attorney's plans.
They outmaneuver you and win the case.
A neighbor becomes aware that an eccen-
tricity of his is a household joke within your
family. Your friendship with him is perma-
nently frostbitten.
You confide a secret of your past to your
doctor or clergyman. Soon you are black-
mailed by a, stranger who somehow knows
your secret.
Such misfortunes would once/have been
attributed to clairvoyance. Today its a mat-
ter of electronics. For fun or profit, someone
planted a "bug" nearby and overheard your
private conversation.
Electronic eavesdropping is not new. But
the advent of micro-miniaturization in the
last four years has made snooping devices
smaller, cheaper, more reliable-and more
Common. The general public has lately been
buying them eagerly. Today anyone inter-
ested, or idly curious, can invisibly invade
your privacy at will. No earphone or special
receivers are needed.
Popular electronics magazines publish
mall-order advertisements with headings
like "How to Spy," proferring such con-
veniences as a "Supersensitive directional
microphone (which) picks up faint sounds
at 300 feet." Another offers a stethescope
mike that "detects sound through' ordinary
walls. Easily built for $7. No. electronics ex-
perience necessary." A Hollywood mail-order
merchant coaxes readers in a bold ad to
"eavesdrop with a pack of cigarettes. Min-
iaturized FM radio transmitter. Complete
diagrams and instruction, $2."
AMATEUR COME-ONS
For those who can't read plans'ar aren't
handy with a soldering iron, snooping is
made easier. Lowbrow magazines advertise
tape recorders that "can be concealed in a
pocket" and a "bumper beeper-instantly at-
tachable to a car so you can trail it without
seeing it." Bargain-hunting amateur spies
can send for a "bugging devices informa-
tion guide. Lists wholesale and retail sources.
Save half on some items." The guide de-
scribes a whole arsenal of tiny instruments.
One factory sells a tiny microscope hidden
in a quarter-inch rubber mat for slipping.
under doors; it can transmit to a hidden re-
corder so sensitive that the sound of voices-
turns it on and off. Another co,p2pany purveys
"an integrated business surveillance system"
concealed In a briefcase so that "it may be
'accidentally left behind,' still recording."
In 1966, the U.S. Senate Subcommittee on
Administrative Practice and Procedure called
in the chief engineers or general managers
of five obscure electronics firms in the Los
A 1 area Since then all but one of those
e es a
pany recently bought 800 desk-pen sets with Bureau to Aid Spanish Democracy, dentists,
hidden mikes built in. Another ordered 300 brokers, engineers, a police station."
"harmonica bugs," sophisticated devices that In such cases, attorney Edward Bennett
can be quickly slipped into any telephone Williams points out, "scores of persons who
to convert it to an open microphone pick- were suspected of no crime were subjected
ing up whispers anywhere in a large room. to this kind of surveillance. What they be-
BEDECKED WITH NERVE lieved to be'private conversations were in-
li I tI ' t e
n ma e
Thoughful eavesdroppers can find many
ways to get into a home or office with their
devices. At a 1959 Senate hearing, former
Philadelphia District Attorney Samuel Dash
testified :
"Your private specialist who taps ... does
it right in front of your eyes. He usually
bedecks himself with screwdriversand pliers
and has wire hanging all over him. He will
ring the doorbell and say: 'Madam, I'm
from the telephone company; your line has
been reported, trouble on the line' . . . Take
the lawyers' offices, professional people's
offices-they have maintenance men who go
in an out. I have been able to observe the
telephone multiple box of a large office open
and a man working on it and no one ques-
tioning whether he was a maintenance man
and had a right to be there."
A current book on invasions of privacy
shows a photo of hidden investigators firing
a shotgun toward a distant house. The cap-
tion says, "Special shotgun has just released
'spike mike' that, once embedded in the
frame of a window or door, transmits private
conversations to the eavesdropper." The dart
was built experimentally by an engineer, who
found that on impact at only 35 feet, its
microphone shattered. Nevertheless, the U.S.
Army was sufficiently fascinated by the idea
to try to make one. A high-powered airgun
with a half-inch barrel was procured from
Abercrombie and Fitch, and the engineer
was commissioned to fabricate six spike
mikes to fit the darts it would shoot. All
broke on impact.
Then there is the story of a factory em-
ploye who sold mimeographed scandal about
fellow workers until a plant detective caught
her listening in on a private telephone
conversation.
A San Francisco restaurant has been
caught with mikes under each table. A rabbi
and a Baptist minister are known to have
been bugged. A Catholic priest is said by
members of his parish to have discovered a
listening device in his confessional.
In' 1957, a committee of the California
Legislature uncovered hidden microphones in
the sales offices of used-car dealers. Pro-
spectivebuyers were left alone there to talk
over possible purchases. Then the eavesdrop-
ping salesman would reappear to close a deal
at the highest possible price within the pur-
chasers' range. Jessica Mitford found mor-
ticians using the same systems in selling
caskets to bereaved families. Certain realtors
are also known to have bought bugging
equipment. The Legislature's committee
concluded that professional eavesdropping
in California was a lively, active, lucrative
private business."
BUGGING THE CHAIR
ng
individuals have separated from the firms, The Wall Street Journal recently reported
exist that a land development company lost sev-
l
n
ger
o
and the firms themselves no
under the same names, although successor eral hundred thousand-dollars in potential suspected bookie three times to place and
companies seem to be thriving at the same profits when on five occasions someone replace a bug in different parts of the hall
locations. There is nothing furtive about bought land the company needed. It brought and bedroom. After months of monitoring,
the attitude of these companies toward the in a detective, who located a bug in an via a wire through a hole they had bored in
press. A reporter who recently visited some office chair. the roof, the sleuths got enough evidence to
of them was welcomed, shown their arrays There is little doubt that law enforcement convict the suspect. His lawyers, discovering
of bugs and told how to install them, and officers also bug widely and, while, eaves- the wire and bug, fought the case to the U.S.
even allowed to browse through order files dropping, police can scarcely avoid hearing Supreme Court. The Court's decision an-
on the understanding that names would many other private talks. In the Columbia cluded a stinging attack on the police depart-
stay off the record. Law Journal, Professor Alan F. Westin re- ment:
Most names in these files are "Smith" and ported: "In the course of tapping a single "That officers of the law would break and
"Jones," usually with no addresses. How- telephone, a police agent recorded conver- enter a home, secrete such a device, and
ever, two very well-known columnists ap- sations involving ... the Jullfard School listen to the conversation of the occupants
pear to be steady customers under their own of Music, Consolidated Radio Artists, West- would be almost incredible if it were not ad-
names. The files also show orders from some ern Union, a bank, a drugstore, a real estate mitted," wrote Justice Robert H. Jackson
of Southern California's prominent corpora-' company, many lawyers, a dry cleaner, num- (who as Attorney General 13 years earlier
tions, particularly in the oil, real estate, su- erous bars, a garage, the Prudential Insur- had authorized FBI wiretapping in kidnap
permarket and fashion businesses. One com- ante Company, a health club, the Medical Ing and espionage cases). He pointed out that
-
vaded by the ears of .m, po ce.
tails of the lives of these people became a
matter of record in the files of the Police
Department."
POLITICAL CARE
People wonder whether private detectives
every try to bug the conferences of political
parsonages. In 1953, a Secret Service agent
picked up FM broadcasts of Sen. Wayne
Morse's private conversations in his home
and office, but neither Morse nor the Service
ever found the hidden microphones. During
the recent California campaign for Gov-
ernor, Ronald Reagan carried in his breast
pocket a small device sold for $149.50 by a
Van Nuys manufacturer. Called an anti-bug,
it was advertised as a "highly sophisticated
electronic instrument which effectively jams
all commonly used electronic eavesdropping
transmitters."
More and more jamming devices are
coming on the market. So are electronic
"sweepers" that squeal when pointed at a
bug. But they have limitations. Most sweep-
ers are mute unless held within 3 feet of
a bug.
Sweepers and jammers are useless against
listening devices that transmit by wire in-
stead of radio. The only means of blocking
such bugs is to find the hidden wires, which
now can be made almost invisible, or can
even be built into walls.
Former Attorney General Nicholas deB.
Katzenbach has called the Federal anti-wire-
tap bill "totally unsatisfactory." There are
no Federal statutes on electronic eaves-
dropping, although a new FCC regulation
prohibits the use of radio devices for snoop-
ing.
So, more or less by default, for the past
two decades bugging has been taking root
among American folkways. The U.S. Govern-
ment itself, through its General Services
Administration, nurtured the process. In
1958, a sharp-eyed critic noticed that the
GSA price list of "office supplies" available
to all Federal agencies included handy
Minifon bugging equipment that could be
quickly concealed around the office.
The GSA admitted it had bought $141,136
worth of bugs for bureaucrats in the previous
three years. It halted this service forthwith,
due to uproar in Congress, but nobody was
naive enough to think that public servants
had therefore stopped bugging each other
and the public. A 1962 report by the House
Committee on Government Operations noted
that "more than 5000 gadgets to permit tele-
phone eavesdropping still are attached to
Government telephones in the Washington
area alone."
STINGING CENSURE
In the comparatively primitive 1950's, when
the hidden mike had to be connected with a
wire to the Listening Post, Long Beach, Calif.,
police surreptitiously entered the house of a
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