FUTILITY IN ARMS RACE

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300090080-8
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 2
• Document Creation Date: December 19, 2016
• Document Release Date: January 9, 2006
• Sequence Number: 80
• Publication Date: January 24, 1967
• Content Type: OPEN

y 16, loRproved F i ~l t~~1/ ~e~ DP~
the very genius of our system which is the
dispersal of governmental power.
In this the Illinois legislature is o'utstand-
ing. I congratulate you for doing a superior
job and look confidently to you for continued
leadership.
No citizen of the United States can be un-
mindful of the contributions Illinois has
made over the years to the success of the
American system of government, and of
course the name foremost in this galaxy of
statesmen is the one whose birthday anni-
versary we honor at this time.
Abraham Lincoln once remarked to a
friend that his most valuable political train-
ing came from service in the Illinois Gen-
eral Assembly. There he learned to respect
political organization, to maneuver and
compromise on detail without sacrificing
principle. Perhaps most important of all he
came to honor parliamentary procedure as a
great shield of liberty, a protection for the
minority-yes, even the minority of one-
against vengeful or passionate acts by the
majority.
I was invited here of course because the
area I represent in the United States House
of Representatives is known as the Lincoln
District. Much of the same area was in the
district Lincoln served in Washington 120
years ago.
His service in Springfield as a legislator, his
term in Congress, his campaign for the Sen-
ate and his service as President, brings to
my mind three of the principles by which he
lived.
First, his dedication to individual liberty-
the right of free expression.
As Congressman and as President he
guarded jealously the right of dissent-even
in time of war. He both practiced it and
protected it.
As Congressman he brought upon his own
head national scorn by criticizing America's
role in the war with Mexico which was then
in progress. He questioned whether Mexico
was guilty of any aggression and put the
blame instead on the United States. For it
he was editorially labeled a traitor, a second
Benedict Arnold.
As President he protected the right of
free expression even in the darkest hours of
the war. He himself was much abused and
villified by cartoonists, writers and speakers.
but he protected nonetheless their right to
criticize.
Second, his opposition to slavery.
In the same hall where he had earlier
served in the Illinois legislature, he warned
that a house divided half slave and half
free cannot permanently endure. He pre-
dicted it will become all one thing or all
the other.
As a candidate for the Senate and later
as President he viewed slavery as a moral
issue. In this he was unlike most promi-
nent figures of his time, who saw slavery
primarily as a property or economic issue.
He felt that no one is completely free until
all are free.
He defined national defense-a topic of
much discussion and much expense these
days-in a unique way. He said, "Our de-
fense is the preservation of that spirit which
prizes liberty as the heritage of all men in
all lands everywhere.
This was one more way in which Lincoln
expressed his conviction that slavery and
freedom are mutually exclusive and cannot
long stand side by side.
Third, his willingness to act boldly and
with imagination.
He was not tied blindly to past traditions.
He said, "The dogmas of the quiet past are
inadequate to the stormy present. The
occasion is piled high with difficulty and we
must rise with the occasion. As our case
is now, so we must think anew and act anew.
We must disenthrall ourselves."
These three principles seem especially ap-
propriate for today.
~M R000300090080-8
In this new time of national testing we
are engaged in a strange and disturbing
war in distant jungles. Prominent voices
criticize the bombing, indeed our whole war
policies, and try to portray the United States
as a cruel aggressor.
The temptation naturally rises to stifle
dissent, and to excoriate those who would
speak up with an unpopular view. The
temptation must be overcome, because
liberty-the right of free expression is really
what the warfare is all about. We are in
Vietnam to help stop the modern-day forces
of slavery.
In the formulation of our policies with
Eastern Europe, the Soviet Union and other
areas controlled by dictatorship, we will
wisely keep in mind Lincoln's dictum that a
house divided half slave and half free cannot
stand.
The enslavement of people by rulers con-
trolling great military power is a real and
present danger to our own freedom.
The effort to prevent the expansion of
slavery to the rice paddies of South Vietnam
is somewhat akin to Lincoln's attempts to
block it from wheat fields of Kansas. He
knew that in the struggle against slavery to
surrender anywhere-whether it be abolition
of slavery in the District of Columbia or the
freedom of the city of Berlin-is to invite de-
feat everywhere. We have learned the bitter
lesson of experience that wise compromise
with slavery is not possible, whether it is
phrased in the compromise of 1850 or the
Geneva Convention of 1954.
Our goals and aspirations as a nation which
Abraham Lincoln set for us over 100 years
ago are the same that the American people
recognize today in our relations with other
countries. As a people we seek it world free
from slavery.
A world in which the personal freedoms
essential to the dignity of man are secure.
A world of equal rights and equal oppor-
tunities for all men.
That Lincoln is regarded as the greatest
of U.S. Presidents because he ended slavery
and preserved the Union is proof that he met
the test. Because he succeeded, he is re-
membered and revered by men of both par-
ties, but remembering his words is not
enough. We honor most appropriately the
memory of Abraham Lincoln in perpetuating
his principles. While we preserve monu-
ments associated with his career, let us also
preserve his achievements and build on them
for an even greater future.
The responsibility is challenging. Condi-
tions today are different than yesterday. The
problems of people in urban society are differ-
ent than on the farm of yesterday. Tech-
nology has made the world smaller in many
respects today than Illinois was when Lincoln
was born. Forces of tyranny axe more menac-
ing.
The entire scope of human problems must
be restudied in light of changed conditions.
As Lincoln said:
"We must think anew and act anew. We
must disenthrall ourselves."
Fino Introduces Bills To Put Chiropractic
and Physical Therapist Treatment Un-
der Medicare
EXTENSION OF REMARKS -
OF
HON. PAUL A. FINO
OFNEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 16, 1967
Mr. FINO. Mr. Speaker, today I am
introducing legislation to provide pay-
A 683
ment for physical therapist's services and
chiropractor's services under medicare.
Each year, millions of Americans,
young and old alike, use the services of
chiropractors and physical therapists.
Many of these people are elderly persons
who are otherwise covered by medicare.
Many of them are pensioners. They do
not have money to spend on virtual medi-
cal services which ought to be provided
for under the medicare program.
Therefore, I am introducing two bills
to put chiropractor's and physical
therapist's services under medicare. If
Congress passes these bills, many of our
senior citizens will be helped greatly.
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOHN E. MOSS
OF CALIFORNIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Tuesday, January 24, 1967
Mr. MOSS. Mr. Speaker, in recent
days I have come across additional edi-
torial support for President Johnson's ef-
fort to dissuade the Soviets from pro-
ceeding with the deployment of an anti-
ballistic missile system.
What the President seeks is a common-
sense understanding with Russia to pre-
vent a needless explosion in the cost of
the arms race and ultimately to draw a
halt to that race.
The New York Times contends this
objective is in the interest of both coun-
tries and all the world. Across the coast
in California, the Sacramento Bee says
the President merits the backing of all
Americans as he tries to lift from our
backs the burden of paying for more nu-
clear weapons.
Each newspaper makes other telling
points in behalf of this move in the pur-
suit of peace.
I ask that their editorials be made a
part of the RECORD:
[From the New York Times, Feb. 9, 1967]
THE ANTIMISSILE DANGER
President Johnson's effort to persuade the
Soviet Union to halt deployment of an anti-
ballistic missile (ABM) system is in the in-
terest of both countries and all the world.
A new nuclear arms race would foreclose dis-
armament efforts for many years. It would
be illusory as a route to security, for any de-
fense system can be penetrated or saturated.
In upsetting the stability of the present nu-
clear balance, it could revive the cold war and
heighten the danger of a clash through mis-
calculation.
Moreover, intensified nuclear rivalry would
be even more expensive in human than in
financial terms. Its cost-ultimately $40
billion-would not merely compete with so-
cial needs in both countries. It would start
civilization moving underground for protec-
tion against. the overhead nuclear explosions
on which ABM defenses rely.
Will Moscow accept the logic of a mora-
torium? High-level soundings to date have
been inconclusive. Soviet officials have indi-
cated a willingness to discuss a "freeze" on
ABM deployment, but it is too early to judge
whether they are interested in heading off the
new arms race altogether. Until now, Rus-
sia's new leaders have pursued an ambivalent
policy.
Approved For Release 2006/01/30 : CIA-RDP70B00338R000300090080-8
 Approved For Release 2006/01/30 : CIA-RDP70B00338R000300090080-8
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - APPENDIX February 16, 196'i
Despite friction over Vietnam, Moscow has
sought some measure of detente with the
United States. Agreements recently have
been reached on a space pact and commercial
aviation. Progress toward a nonproliferation
treaty has been substar..tial. A consular
treaty has been negotiated and is now before
i:he United States Senate, where its ratifica-
tion is of urgent priority. Moscow has exer-
cised restraint both in critical zones, such
as Berlin, and in more distant areas, such as
Africa, Latin America and the Indian sub-
continent. All this has been accompanied
by high-level intimations that Moscow now
considers China, rather than the United
States, its chief threat. Investment needs in
agriculture and in consumer goods industries
give Moscow added incentive to end the cold
war and to transfer resources from military
to peaceful pursuits.
At the same time, Moscow has been unable
to resist the opportunities to divide the At-
lantic world that have arisen as a result of
Vietnam and the policies of General de
Gaulle_ And, despite past American sugges-
tions of a missile freeze and American re-
straint in deferring production of ABM sys-
tems, the Soviet 'Union has initiated deploy-
ment of ABM defenses.
'this deployment, so far, seems to be
limited. There are quite divergent intelli-
gence interpretations of just what the Soviet
Union has done and is doing in this area of
activity: but some American officials estimate
that Russia has spent $4-to $5 billion on ABM
development and deployment to date. The
U.S. has spent $2 billion plus for the Nike X
missile defense system.
'rhe facts thus suggest that traditional
Soviet defense-mindedness and pressure by
Soviet military men have induced Russia's
new leadership to initiate some ABM steps.
What remains obscure, however, are the deci-
sions that have been made about further
deployment. There is little evidence as yet
that Moscow is setting out to reverse the
strategic balance and achieve nuclear superi-
ority over the U.S., although an effort to
come closer to parity cannot be ruled out.
In these circumstances, President John-
son's response to Russia'; ABM deployment
has been sound. Development of American
ABM's is being pursued vigorously, but deci-
sions on production and deployment are be-
ing deferred. The long "diplomacy versus
deployment" debate in Washington has been
resolved in favor of a diplomatic effort for a
moratorium.
Meanwhile, the United States is pressing
ahead with. offensive missiles designed to
penetrate or saturate Russia's new antimis-
sile defenses. This approach lets Moscow
know that the United States prefers to opt
for arms control and detente rather than re-
newed arms competition and cold war.
Should Moscow fail to respond adequately,
there will still be plenty of time to study
intermediate measures. What is important
for Americans now is to support the course
of restraint and peace.
IFrom the Sacramento Bee, Feb. 4, 19671
INCREASE IN Asses RACE WOULD BE FUTILE,
COSTLY
President Lyndon B. .Johnson wisely has
initiated an effort to reach a commonsense
understanding with Russia to prevent a vast
and needless spiraling of the cost of the
arms race.
Without some agreement between the two
major nuclear powers. there will be increas-
ing pressure within both nations to deploy
antiballistic missile systems. The cost of
this to the United States would be $40 bil-
lion, according to Defense Secretary Robert
S. McNamara.
Such a system would deserve serious con-
sideration, regardless of the cost, if it would
increase the security of the United States,
but this is the flaw pointed out by Mc-
Namara He says that because of the need
in both Russia and the US to maintain a nu-
clear capability sufficient to act as an effec-
tive deterrent to any potential enemy, the
development of an antiballistic missile sys-
tem by one nation inevitably would cause
the other major nuclear power to develop its
own equivalent system. The alternative
would be to increase its nuclear weaponry
enough to neutralize the defensive effective-
ness of the antiballistic system.
The end result would be a fantastic new
arms race which would have disastrous side
effects and .It to no avail. The bill. for the
balance of terror would skyrocket, but the
balance would remain the same.
President Johnson merits the backing of
Americans I.s he seeks to bring about an
understanding with the Russians which
would lift from their backs the burden of
paying for more nuclear weapons simply to
keep up with an avoidable arms race spiral.
The thought of $40 billion being spent
needlessly on armament when the war
against poverty is increasingly on shortened
rations is ridiculous. The rivers and lakes,
the very air we breathe, are all becoming
polluted, and the nation is short of money
to face these essential problems.
The unfilled needs of this great nation are.
waiting fulfillment. Indeed we must have
military security but not $40 billion of
needless and dangerous extravagance in the
arms race.
Marine Organisms-Widely Diversified)
Study-22-Year Effort
EXTENSION OF REMARKS
OF
HON. JOSEPH P. ADDABBO
OF NEW YORK
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 16, 1967
Mr. ADDABBO. Mr. Speaker, I have
recently had occasion to hear expert
viewpoints of an Air Force Sponsored
monograph which will certainly be hailed
as a scient'.fic milestone. This is the first
edition of a proposed three-volume mon??
ograph which is being published by the
U.S. Air Force. It was developed and
written by Bruce W. Halstead, M.D., of
the World Life Research Institute, Col-
ton, Calif.. under a Department of De-
fense contract. This tremendous and
wonderful work, which is the result of
over 22 years of effort, is the most conh-
prehensive collection of data in this area
of marine biology ever written. The re-
lease of the first volume has received
overwhelming acclaim and acceptance
from world leaders in the field. Because
of the unique problems involved in
graphically portraying its contents only
the very best materials and production
techniques available are being used by
the U.S. Government Printing Office in
its manufacture.
Although the publication is directly
concerned with the toxicity of marine
organisms in the broadest possible sense,
the application of much of the data that
is represented has far-reaching impli-
cations to such widely diverse subjects as
medicine, marine biology, natural his-
tory, fisheries, public health, economic
development, pharmacology, biochemis-
try, sport fishing, scuba diving, pharma-
ceutical, industry and military opera-
tions. I was also informed that fish,
sponges, jellyfish, sea snakes, corals,
worms, ste rfish, sea urchins, marine tur-
tles, sea cucumbers, marine mammals, et
al., are described from the standpoint of
their historical, geographical, pharma-
cological, nomencl.atorial, biological, clin-
ical, therapeutic, preventative, patholog-
ical and chemical natures. The work
has an exhaustive bibliography with
thousands of references covering world
literature from 31100 B.C. to the present.
Many of them were taken from ancient
oriental manuscripts and rare technical
publications. There will be over 1,000
illustrations by the finest biological illus-
trators of Japan and the United States.
I am confident that by the successful
completion of this project, which is
scheduled for early 1968, the United
States will open a new horizon of organic
chemistry and marine pharmacology
and make a vast contribution to man's
understanding of the complex ecological
and biochemical, aspects of "Inner-
Space"--The Sea.
E:TENSI'ON OF REMARKS
OF
HON. PORTER HARDY, JR.
OF VIRGINIA
IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES
Thursday, February 16, 1967
Mr. HARDY. Mr. Speaker, the dis-
tinguished chairman of the Armed Serv-
ices Committee, the gentleman from
South Carolina, L. MENDEL RIVERS, re-
cently answered a series of questions on
the military exchange and commissary
system for the Exchange and Commis-
sar;, News.
I think my colleagues will find this
article very helpful to them in under-
standing the military resale system and
in appreciating the importance of the
exchanges and commissaries to the
members of the Armed Forces and their
families. They will also find it
useful in answering questions from
constituents.
I would point out, Mr. Speaker, that
Chairman RivExs in the accompanying
article is addressing himself to the ex-
change and commissary system as it
affects the consumer, the individual serv-
ice family. It may be that there is room
for improvement in the procurement and
personnel policies of the system and it
may be that the Congress will have to
look into this area. I want the Members
of the House to know that the committee
has not neglected this side of the picture
and that we will continue to monitor the
operation of the system.
The article, which was prepared by Mr.
John Neubauer, the astute managing
editor of Exchange and Commissary
News, follows:
THIn' MUST BE DOING SOMETHING RIGHT--
A. FRANK Dn3CU:SION OF THE MILITARY RE-
SALE SYSTEM BY ITS NO. 1 CHAMPION
Representative L. MENDEL RIVERS. the po%v-
erft:l Chairman of the House Armed Services
Committee, recently answered a series of
questions put to him by E&C News on major
issues concerning exchanges and commie-
sari es. RIVERS. our readers will remember, is
the man who said if any commissaries are
closed it would be "over my battered body."
In this report, provided exclusively to E&C
News readers, the chairman speaks frankly
Approved For Release 2006/01/30 : CIA-RDP70B00338R000300090080-8