RUSSIAN INVASION OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA UNDERSCORES NEED FOR A SPECIAL COMMITTEE ON CAPTIVE NATIONS

• Document Type: CREST
• Collection: General CIA Records
• Document Number (FOIA) /ESDN (CREST): CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
• Release Decision: RIFPUB
• Original Classification: K
• Document Page Count: 8
• Document Creation Date: December 20, 2016
• Document Release Date: November 27, 2006
• Sequence Number: 45
• Publication Date: September 11, 1968
• Content Type: OPEN

Approved For Release.2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
September 11, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD HOUSE +653
Amiral Moorer has authorized me to I am quite aw that the In 1
say to this committee that he fully and are divided, b tathe opinions areohons the time that I have available
strongly supports the need for the ad- estly and very deeply held on both sides towhat waseeviser, eI would ssentially m like to re-
view ary
ditional funds for antisubmarine war- of the question.
fare research which I am requesting in In the first place, the conclusions that at the time when we were arguing the
my amendment, the justification for I have come to with many of our col- military construction bill.
which was fully testified to before the leagues in this body and many of our it musts ben clear to usyin thetstrat gic
House Committee on Armed Services by distinguished colleagues in the other planning involved that the Soviets will
Assistant Navy Secretary Robert Frosch body are based on five very important have to plan for the worst plausible case.
and Vice Adm. Turner Caldwell, on facts.
June 19 of this year. They will therefore response to our ABM
A limited ABM deployment will prob- by building more offsetting offensive
Admiral Moorer fully supports my ably not save American lives in the case capability than they need. In the event
contention here today that this research of a Soviet attack.
effort is most urgently, needed from a An ABM deplo be caused a nuclear exchange more damage will to the
than if
tates military point of view, to enable us to necessary to our security against China. we never had deployed an ABM missile.
develop the improved defenses vitally An ABM deployment threatens to es- It simply means that limited ABM de-
needed to counteract, what has been a calate the arms race.
dramatically increased Soviet threat in An ARM d gin, mgr + i
,_. ployment could actually cost more Amer-
s
lvvw, ivir. ~:iialrman, tnese are riking ___- rr,,,,,,,,,,,e
State of the Union will sup port my facts, but they are all ones whit we be- de ted out, to take away their assured
amendment when it is offered t ' orrow. lieve can be supported by exp rt t,sti- des sourc and s ancapability. capability to They respponondd to the new
ew
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairma , I yield mony. In the additional views fl d by my 10 minutes to the gentleman f om Cali- colleagues, the gentleman fro Connect' as eve deployed bh the r woul agree,
as ever Qne in this Chamber would agree.
fornia [Mr. COHELAN]. ticut [Mr. GIAIMO] and the entle
man
And
(Mr. COHELAN asked and was given from Illinois [Mr. YATES], embers of will enooa, it iumy opinion that our Sentinel
permission to revise and ext d his re- the committee, at the time o the argu- offset it. S awetand they are faced with
marks.) gent on the military const cti
bill
an
, the prospect of multibillion dollar ex-
Mr. COHELAN. Mr. Ch ' an, it is we advanced these views. Qyn July 25, penditures hich will not add to the
somewhat frustrating to undo take once 1968, in an effort to try to ptovide back- safety of eith r nation.
again the arguments on the deployment up arguments in support ofour position It seems to a this was the basis of the
of the Sentinel ABM which 3 were ad- to delete the ABM deployment moneys- recent willing ss of the Soviets to cone
vaned in the consideration o4 the mill- as opposed to research and development duct talks and iscussions on arms lim-
tary construction bill, but this ill be my moneys-we not only submitted for the itation. This lnoin .still hold- o ., ft
intantinn A4- +ro ,. - --- - ?----.'
of
i
ous
y .c
sco ' `"ll in addition, our experts have told us
million, which would defer th deploy-
of the distinguished Sec etary of De- that our response to the Soviet ABM de-
ment of the antiballistic missil system. fense, Robert McNamara, in which he ployment should be to expand our offen-
Now, it is with great care the I have discussed the ABM syste in great de- sive capability, and this we have done.
come to this conclusion. It is up a re- tail. The Soviets will then be interested in the
examination of the facts. Even ough I add to that material ow by calling ABM for no other reason than to pre-
I argued this same question just a onth attention to the fact tha in November elude further increases in our offensive
ago in respect to the military cos c- Of last year the Departm nt of Defense weapons. This logic, too, still holds.
slog bill, the Soviet's invasion and _ put out a news release o the question Mr. Chairman, it seems to me the
potion of Czechoslovakia has caused m of the ABM system. At t fie appropriate strength of our bargaining position with
to review my thinking. But after all this time I will put this in th RECORD. This the Soviets lies in our determination to
serious review I come before you today elease notes that this Isla Chinese-ori- maintain our assured destruction capa-
;making precisely the same argument e ed ABM system It o s on to say fur- bility through increased offensive
simply because the issue remains the the hat the cost invogly d will be in the forces-not only at our present level but
same. The events of the last month in neigh hood of $5 bil on for the pro- to improve upon that capability to the
Czechoslovakia have not altered the re- duction d deploy ent of missiles, extent that we maintain our present rel-
ality that the Sentinel is an unnecessary And this not include operating ative posture.
expenditure of billions of dollars, costs, which wi about $500 million Mr. Chairman, one thing which we dis-
The argument which we advanced each year. cussed in the earlier debate was the fact
when we were discussing tadvanced Now, the fact of the matter is in ear- that the Chinese would conduct long-
when construction were
long-
bill coussings the be military her arguments we have made on this range missile tests by the end of 1967.
c structi to the anti-ballistic-missile a vaid floor we pointed out very clearly-and Those tests have still not been conducted.
instem. The to the it has been admitted by proponents of But this seems to matter little, for the
ins to .The our Sentinel ABM As I will say, at nosh- the system-that ultimately this system Sentinel being aimed at the Soviets.
add to appropriate time of will ask that at be will cost something in excess of $40 bil- However, one must recall that former
limit
approp. lion assuming that they were to carry Secretary of Defense McNamara made
I am_ going to take the time I the the system out to its logical conclusion. it very clear when he stated that the
- Iilable tang, to
as of
a member the come This is an enormous sum, and a truly Sentinel was not to be an anti-Soviet
mittee to review some of the arguments, extravagant expense when it is consid- system. Sentinel will not work against
I will submit iew some of for the RECORD.' ered that it buys us no more safety, the Soviets, and it probably will not work
ormation At the time when we presented mate- against the Chinese, because it is no
I regret that many of us do not have rials for the record we produced what defense against multiple warheads, or-
the time to get into this subject in great we hoped would be read very carefully- biting bombs, sea-launched or low-tra-
detail. I do not want to sound pompous the Adelphi papers, "The Case Against jectory missiles, or missiles carrying ad
or qualified as a super-expert, but I will Missile Defenses," by the distinguished vanced radar-interference devices.
remind my distinguished colleagues that scholar, Jeremy J. Stone, materials from, The Sentinel is not necessary against
I have been living with this problem for the Foreign Affairs magazine on "The the Chinese and will not work against
a long time, formerly as a member of the ABM Proliferation and International the Soviets; therefore why should we
Armed Services Committee and now as Stability," by Robert L. Rothstein, and spend $5 billion for it?
a member of the Appropriation Com- other similar articles presenting very Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, I had
mittee. I have been studying it in con- powerful arguments against the deploy- promised to yield 5 minutes to the gen-
nection with arrhs control and disarma- ment of the ABM system. I again corn- tleman from New York [Mr. Dow]. It
ment matters for many years now, so I mend these materials to the attention develops, however, that I have only 2
am not a stranger to the subject matter, of my colleagues.
minutes left.
Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
.R W2
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE September 11, 1968
Therefore, I 'would like to ask the dis- strable problems. But the responsibility from the North" and the level of response
tinguished gentleman from California of statesmanship is to weigh the un- it should entail.
IMr. Ln'scomal if he would Join with me measurable, to compare the incompara. Accordingly, Mr. Chairman, the an-
in allocating this time to the gentleman ble, to value the dimensions and quail- nual occasion recurs when we call for a
from New York by yielding 3 minutes to ties of matters intangible and beyond the halt to this mistake by an amendment
him so the gentleman would have the span of any calipers which men have yet to the defense b!il aimed at eliminating
benefit of the full 5 minutes which I had devised. some portion of the $25.1 billion that
promised to yield to him. Vietnam Is a compound of such elusive Is being squandered annually in Viet-
pleased to yield 3 minutes to the gentle-
man from New York [Mr. Dow].
Mr. MAHON. I am also pleased to yield
the remaining time on our side of the
aisle to the gentleman from New York.
The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from
New York [Mr. Dow] is recognized for
5 minutes.
(Mr. DOW asked and was given per-
mission to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
Mr. DOW, Mr. Chairman, I should like
to thank both the distinguished gentle-
man. from Texas and the gentleman
from California for accommodating me
with these extra minutes.
I&. Chairman, implicit In the total
expense figure contained In today's De-
fense appropriation bill are the costs of
the conflict in Vietnam. The Defense
Department estimates that the Vietnam
costs are $25,784 million in fiscal 1969.
This is 34 percent of the $72,240 million
total of the bill. Some of us will offer an
amendment to reduce the total of the
bill, not by 34 percent, but only a small
fraction of that. We do not want to be
extreme. We want to make the point
that the only direction which American
policy can properly follow is one of re-
ducing the level of the Vietnam hostili-
ties. An 81/2-percent reduction of the
total Defense budget would accord with
widely accepted estimates by the Con-
gressional Quarterly issue of June 28,
1968, that essentially this amount could
be cut from the Defense budget without
affecting any vital part of the program.
A good many of our leaders have been
charmed of late by the incantation that
Vietnam must not be debated while the
talks are continuing in Paris. Well, I
am thankful, Mr. Chairman, that not
all of our leaders have succumbed. If
ever our Nation needed debate on an
Issue, It is now. We only have the chance
for great debate once in 4 years. The
democratic process will fail us if the
debate on Vietnam is not held in this
presidential year.
For those of us who have from the
beginning opposed the American in-
volvement in Vietnam, the chance to ex-
press our view is only meaningful on the
few occasions when these appropriation
bulls come before this body- The parlia-
mentary situation here has never been
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, I ask that
the Clerk read.
The CHAIRMAN. There being no
further requests for time, the Clerk will
read.
The Clerk read as follows:
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of
Rcpreser.tat(ves of the United States of
America In Congress assembled, That the fol-
lowing crumb are appropriated. out of any
money in the 'treasury not otherwise appro-
priated, for the 3ecal year ending June 30.
1969, for military functions administered by
the Department of Defense, and for other
purpose;:, namely-
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Chairman, I move
that the Committee do now rise.
The motion was agreed to.
Accordingly the Committee rose; and
the Speaker having resumed the chair,
Mr. RosTENxowsxl, Chairman of the
Committee of the Whole House on the
State of the 'Union, reported that that
Committee, having had under considera-
tion the bill (H R. 18707) making appro-
priations for the Department of Defense
for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1969,
and for other purposes, had come to no
resolution thereon.
PERMISSION TO EXTEND REMARKS
Mr. MAHON. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that all Members
who have sposen on the Department of
Defense appropriation bill today may
have permission to revise and extend
their remarks In the body of the RECORD,
and Include pertinent additional mate-
rial.
The SPEAKER. Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from
Texas?
There was no objection.
RUS. IAN INVASION OF CZEC11?,.0-
.1rAKIA UNDER-SCORES'NE ) FOR A
SPE:CEAL C'OMMTITEE ON CAPTIVE
NATIONS
(Mr. FLOOD asked and was given per-
mission to address the House for 1
minute. and to revise and extend his re-
marks.)
M,. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, one of the
few national organizations that predicted
the Russian invasion of Czechoslovakia
such that we could have a full-scale de- levy and warplanes in the free fire zones. is the Nattoral Captive Nations Commit-
bate on Vietnam. Special orders are a Their little children, and I have seen tee in Washington. D.C. Over "FAN-TV
pretty feeble forum for the purpose. It them, have been torn and burned by our last June, on the Georgetown University
is only here when we can offer an bombardments. All of this is transpir- TV-Radio Farum In July durin(; Captive
amendment that there is a chance for a ing, Mr. Chairman, in an age when the Nations Week, and over both WINZ and
fraction of the debate that ought to be nations neighboring to Vietnan. did suc- WKAT-CBS In Miami at the beginning
taking place. teed in securing their freedom from of August, its national chairman, Dr.
The prime quality of statesmanship is Western domination, For thtt Is tine of Lev. E. Dobriansky of Georgetown Uni-
the ability to weigh the imponderables In India. of Pakistan, of Malaysia, of In- versdty, firmly maintained that colonial-
a national or international situation. donesia, of the Philippines. and I expect 1st Moscow could never afford the de-
Statesmen are placed on the pedestal there are others. mocratization of Czechoslovakia because
and crowned with laurel not because they only Vietnam has been subjected to it would be the beginning of the end of
can prove by numbers. or logic, or meas- the steel and the flame because our its own sub,ltrate empire In the U.S.S.R.
urement, or mechanics, or by words, the ststesrnen have failed to judge properly, The spillover Into captive Ukraine would
answer to a problem in statecraft. Lesser to weigh properly, to relate properly, be disastrous. The National Captive Na-
men can find the answers to the demon- such facts as the alleged "aggression tiorls Committee has consistently held
that are remote from American experi-
ence, to say nothing of geography, eco-
nomic factors, military considerations,
psychological influences, monetary con-
siderations, and military strategy. Only
statesmanship of a supreme sort, able to
make the value judgments about all of
these complex factors In relation to one
another, can resolve the problem for us.
On the other hand, our tragic involve-
ment In Vietnam and the loss of thou-
sands of our best young men can be laid
to viewpoints that enlarge trivial and
minor factors, while overlooking the
enormous ones overriding in the situa-
tion.
Just for example, the'U.S. Government
has for years laid great stress on "ag-
gression from the north" as a matter of
monstrous concern and a justification for
all the vast outpouring of our resources.
Yet, It Is doubtful whether the infiltra-
tion of men from North Vietnam Into
South Vietnam at the outset of the hos-
tilities was aggression in the frame of the
definition appearing in article 51 of the
United Nations Charter; namely, "armed
attack." It is doubtful that the aggres-
sion was even apparent to normal view-
ers. It was necessary that a book be
written by our State Department so as to
highlight the Infiltration as "aggression."
At the very time that Infiltration from
North Vietnam was occurring in the
early 1960's. the United States was send-
ing Its soldiers into South Vietnam, in
numbers far exceeding the limitation of
685 stipulated for us In the Geneva Con-
vention. Moreover, the State Department
book indicates that at leas;, half of the
infiltrators were born in South Vietnam.
What a curious rationalization it is that
our men could come 10,000 miles to Viet-
nam, charging aggression against men
who were born there.
I cite all this, Mr. Chairman, not so
much to debate the issue, as to indicate
the distortion of our value Judgments
about a secondary matter that we
dredged up to justify the enormous In-
filcation of war and destruction upon
a little people far away. These are a
people who have been struggling for
years to free themselves from foreign
domination. Millions of them have been
driven Into refugee camps, their villages
Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/27, CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
Sept e be' ,2-1, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
that the real enemy of all the captive na- tracts for which said Board so acts, do here-
tions and that of the free world is Soviet by certify that the foregoing is a full, true
and correct copy of the Original Minutes of
Ru$sian imperio-colonialism. As in Hun- Board Order No. 128 adopted on July 9, 1968
gars and other cases before, Moscow's by the Board of Supervisors of the County
action in Czechoslovakia fully confirms of Los Angeles, and ex officio the governing
the position and shows up the falsity of body of all other special assessment and tax-
contrary positions. tag districts for which said Board so acts.
NCNC has also been the chief advocate - In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my
of a necessary Special House Committee hand and affixed the seal of the County of
on the Captive Nations. The CzechoSlo_ Los Angeles this 10th day of July 1968.
JAMES S. MIZE,
vak episode in Soviet Russian imperio- Clerk of the Board of Supervisors of the
colonialism clearly underscores the need County of Los Angeles.
for such a committee. In the next Con-
gress, I shall see that this will become one
of the first orders of business. We have
wasted more than enough time by not
establishing this committee to concen-
trate on such developments as have.en-
veloped in Czechoslovakia.
In the light of the Russian rape of
Czechoslovakia, the events of the 10th
observance of captive nations this past
July have assumed even greater signifi-
cance. Exemplary results of this observ-
ance continue to flow in, as the follow-
ing interesting examples show: First, a
proclamation by Mayor Sam Yorty of
Los Angeles and its board of supervisors,
along with a declaration of the American
Committee of California for Freedom En-
slaved Nations; second, a program of the
week in St. Louis, Mo., and a release by
the Free Friends of the Captive Nations;
third, three penetrating articles dealing
with the week by Father Cletus Healy,
Robert Morris, and Dr. Jose Ma. Hernan-
dez; fourth, the program, resolutions,
and an address at the Philadelphia Cap-
tive Nations Week observance on Inde-
pendence Mall; and fifth, a news release
by the Ukrainian Congress Committee of
America based on a letter from Dr. Lev
E. Dobriansky to Secretary of State Dean
Rusk condemning the Russian rape of
Czechoslovakia:
PROCLAMATION
Whereas, the continued enslavement of a
large part of the world's population by Rus-
sia affronts .the Free World concept of indi-
vidual liberty and human dignity; and
Whereas, the annual observace of Captive
Nations Week calls attention to the plight
of millions of unwilling captives of Commu-
nism in Eastern Europe; and
Whereas, as members of the Free World we
deplore the conditions of tyranny and injus-
tice existing behind the Iron Curtain and
cherish the hope that all peoples the world
over may one day live in peace and freedom;
Now. therefore, I, Sam Yorty, Mayor of
the week beginning July 14, 1968, through WOLODYMYR SIYUX,
July 21, 1968, as "Captive Nations Week" in - President.
Los Angeles and urge all citizens to join in
its observance and to support the efforts to
bring the light of liberty shining through
the darkness of the totalitarian enslaved na-
SAM YORTY,
Mayor.
,On motion of Supervisor Debs and Super-
visor Debs for Supervisor Bonelli, unani-
mously carried, the Board of Supervisors of
the County of Los Angeles hereby proclaims
the period of July-14 to 21, 1968 as "Captive
Nations Week" in the County of Los Angeles
and hereby urges all citizens to keep alive
in their hearts freedom for all mankind in
this troubled world.
STATE OF CALIFORNIA,
County of Los Angeles, ss:
I, James S. Mize, Clerk of the Board of
Supervisors of the County of Los Angeles,
and ex officio clerk of the governing body
of all other special assessment and taxing dis-
DECLARATION
The United States of America, the might-
iest world power in the Twentieth Century,
was built by the collective effort of pioneers
and immigrants representing multi-varied
cultural and historical heritages. From the
earliest days, Americans of European ancestry
have contributed substantially to the growth
of the imposing edifice of American civiliza-
tion. We would like to see their contribution
more fully recognized. Today -many millions
of Americans adhering to traditions of West-
ern Civilizati I "consider it their patriotic
duty to fpliy participate, with Americans of
meI
other eth
deve
t all
age
gove nmen
Th
Com
ha
Natio
m
over 2
of emig
now in t
more than
siding in thesCNpuntries.
We feel that, he political and cultural
aspirations of th nations are in close
agreement with the al interests of Ameri-
can Democracy, as atte ed to by the many
civilization made by the emigrants of these
nations and their descendants.
It is for these reasons that wN earnestly
desire 'that our position be consi ed in
formulating the guidelines of the a it
1. There shall be self-determination
through free elections by all subjugated na-
tions and territories.
2. The Captive nations at present cannot
be liberated either by war or a national up-
rising; therefore, we call upon all representa-
tives to more effectively pursue the peaceful
liberation from Communist domination.
3. it is requested that the United States
encourage and aid these subject nations in
the realization of their goal of self-determi-
nation since they are our greatest potential
allies.
. 4. As American voters, our support of any
party platform or candidate will be affected
COMMEMORATIVE WORSHIP SERVICE OF THE
FREE FRIENDS OF THE CAPTIVE NATIONS, ST.
Louis BASILICA, JULY 15, 1968
More that : ?.a,, billion human beings-one- ,nunism, and that they will re-evaluate our
third of the WbrlQs population-are en-- policy of "building bridges" to the commu-
slaved by the tyranny--ofC lism:- Ifs nist governments-bridges that have been
fact represents a potent force who can be- used exclusively as a conduit for subjugation
come the free world's most reliable allies. of the people, including the use of armed
And these allies, it should be noted, are not might when necessary to stifle the yearning
dependent upon foreign aid or any give- for freedom.
away programs. It is also important to note
that the stronger the hope and urge of the SOME THOUGHTS ON CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK
captives for their freedom and independ- - (By Cletus Healy, S.J.)
ence,-the weaker the threatening position of
the Soviets and consequently the more se- - Once again the third week in July, July 14
cure is the status of the free world., to 21, has been designated Captive Nations
-Any effort by the free world to help na- Week. To Americans who want to atone for
tions seeking to regain or preserve their in- the post-war forfeiture of Eastern Europe
alienable right of self-determination is in- . and China to the Communists it represents
stantly - met by shrill. denunciations and an opportunity.
charges of "interference" by the Communist This year, above all, America needs to be re-
camp. minded of the moral basis of her greatness.
levels of federal, state and local
s been formed to represent"here
illion emigrants and descendants
H 8533
population that there are many nations
throughout the world which have been made
captive by the imperialistic and aggressive
policies of Soviet Communism, the Congress
of the United States in a joint resolution
approved, authorized and requested the
President to issue a proclamation designat-
ing the third week in July, 1959, as "Captive
Nations Week," and to issue a similar procla-
mation each year until such time when
freedom and independence shall have been
achieved for all the captive 'nations of the
world.
"I invite the people of the United States
of America to observe such week with ap-
propriate ceremonies and activities, and I
urge them to study the plight of the Soviet-
'dominated nations and to recommit them-
selves to the support of the just aspirations
of the 'peoples of those captive nations.'-
said then President Eisenhower.
Today's crucial issues, from Viet Nam to
Hong Kong and the Mid-East situation adds
an important dimension to the observance
of this year's Captive Nations Week.
SEQUENCE OF THE PROCESSION
1. Police Escort.
2. American Flag, leading eight massed
Free Friends of the Captive Nations flags,
two abreast.
3. American Legion Color Guard.
4. Banner: "Captive Nations Week-etc."
B. Two Drummers.
6. Wreath with one or two costumed car-
riers.
7. Coffin carried by six men, followed by
alternates and flanked by signs; "Victims--
etc."
8. Individual Captive Nations flags fol-
lowed by exiles from Communism, four
abreast with lighted candles.
9. Banner: "We Are the Free Friends of
the Captive Nations-etc."
10. Individual, native-born Americans and
groups with identifying -signs, four abreast
with lighted candles.
11. Banner: "Remember the Peoples-etc."
12. Autos, single file, light on.
13. Sign: "End of the---etc."
A STATEMENT ISSUED BY THE FREE FRIENDS OF
THE CAPTIVE NATIONS
4 The armed takeover of Czechoslovakia is
a ther tragic example of the complete con-
trol that international Communism, head-
quar ed in Moscow, exerts over the cap-
tive co retries. Even the slightest deviation
from th strict communist discipline cannot
be tolera d; the communists gain power by
infiltratio and subversion, and maintain
power thro h brute force.
We invite all who are concerned to join
with us in a Vawn,to dusk fast and a day of
prayer on S day, September 1st. We will
pray for the nslaved people of Czechoslo-
vakia, who wil surely be subjected to further
murders and prisonment, and we will pray
for all of the aative peoples of Eastern Eu-
rope, Asia, a d Cuba who are forced to live
under the,,terror and - tyranny of atheistic
CommunXm.
We wifl also pray that our leaders will be
Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
 H 8534
Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE Sevtermbe ' ii. 19PR
u ,.,,~ tuepirauon ann the encourage-
ment that comes from a rededication of our-
selves to those Christian principles that
made our nation revered as the defender of
liberty and of the noble cause of freedom.
The only sufficient justication for Amer-
ica's involvement in two world ware Is the
fact that she was morally obliged to come
to the defense of the threatened and the op-
pressed. With the advent of the 20th century,
the world reached that stage of social, eco-
nomic, and political maturity that any na-
tion capable of doing so incurred the respon-
sibility of resisting large-scale international
injustice.
Among the national "goods" warranting
vigorous defense, Pope Pius XII singled out
especially the right of a nation to govern It-
self. That is why we were right in forcibly re-
sisting Hitler when he took over Poland,
Czechoslovakia, Rumania, and Hungary. And
that is why we were wrong when we allowed
Stalin to take over Poland, Czechoslovakia,
Rumania, and Hungary -after we fought to
take them away from Hitler. That is why we
are right 25 years later in resisting slightly
camoufl
d-
age
aggression in South Vietnam to-
day. That is why other nations are pseudo-
Christian when they fail to mount a vigorous
offensive against such mammoth interna-
tional injustice themselves.
All crave peace, but not all are willing to
pay the high price of peace. Peace is the work
of justice. It is the prize of those who are
willing to work for it, not of the craven pad-
fist. Forcible resistance to Injustice saved
the world from Hitler, but supine tolerance
and rampant self-deception later surrendered
one-third of the world to totalitarian Com-
munism.
Surrender to Communism In neither Intel-
ligent politics nor is It Christian morality.
In his 1948 Christmas address, Pope Plus XII
pointed out the principles that should guide
us:
"No nation should tolerate mammoth in-
justices if it would think and act as a
Christian nation. All the more does the
solidarity of peoples forbid others to act as
mere spectators In an attitude of apathetic
neutrality."
These are the principles that should
dominate our thinking. The best way to
atone to the people we have surrendered to
Communism Is to resist, their oppressors
where resistance is most urgently called for,
That means we must do all we can to
prevent the surrender of another nation to
their oppressive yoke.
For this, politics is important; but politics
Is not our most important weapon. We need
to spice the sacrifices of politics with the
power of prayer. Prayer for the abandoned
captive peoples is the major preoccupation
of the League of Prayer for the Captive Peo-
ples. Membership in the League requires
merely that you offer one Mass and Commun-
ion a month for the captive people-a peo-
ple who must hang on their Cross of oppres-
sion without the opportunity of participat-
ing in the Holy Sacrifice of the Cross, and
who must climb the high mountain of
sanctity without the nourishment that
comes from the Bread of Angels.
For more information on the League, write
to its Secretary, Mrs. Joseph Flynn, North
90, West 15992 Roosevelt Drive, Menomonee
Falls, Wisconsin,
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEER.
(By Robert Morris)
For many years now the third week of July
has been designated "Captive Nations Week."
This institution was initiated by an act of
Congress and it is Implemented, annually, by
a Presidential proclamation.
Of late, the Implementation has been In-
creasingly diluted until now it is virtually
nonexistent. It is a sickening reflection of
the decline of the interest of American lead-
era for the plight of their brethren who are rocked the Soviet Empire to Its foundations
In Communist bondage around the - world. and the tremors are still being felt up to this
The plight of the captive peoples, from hour. This Resolution was of such transcen-
China to Stettin, is a strident moral issue. dental Importance not only to the captive
Our churches, above all, should be in the peoples under the yoke of Russian Imperial-
forefront of this very relevant concern. Ism but alsoto the whole human race which
Today we hear much of one civil right- must find in this great document the very
the right to be free from discrimination be- essence of freedom without which there can
cause of race. It is good and necessary that be no peace on earth.
we should be concerned with this basic right. For instance, one of the most Important
For It Is abhorrent that a child of God should parts of the Resolution reads: that "the im-
be slighted or impugned because of the accl- perialistic policies of Communist Russia have
dental color of his skin, led through direct and indirect aggression to
But the people in mainland China, in the subjugation of the national independence
Latvia, in the Ukraine, in the Kuriles, haven't of Poland, Hungary, Lithuania, Ukraine,
been denied one civil right, They have been Czechos-ovakia, Latvia, Estonia, White Ru-
denied their rights In their entiretyi thenia, Rumania, East Germany, Bulgaria,
The right to vote, to select their leaders, mainland China, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Geor-
to freedom of speech, to .freedom of press, to gia, North Korea, Albania, Idel-Ural, Tibet,
privilege against self-Incrimination, to a Cosackia, Turke.:tan, North Vletnani, and
right to a trial by a jury of one's peers, to others . ,.." It is quite clear that the P.esolu-
peaceable assembly, to bear arms-these have tion is of tremendous significance in the his-
been suppressed totally. Moreover, there Is tory of man's struggle to be free from all
bard and fast discrimination in the Soviet sorts of bondage.
orbit. It is severe In the Communist training Needless to say the Resolution and the
schools, It is rampant in the U.S.S.R. Yet this Proclamation that followed It immediately
is never mentioned by our leaders. While triggered a violet reaction la Communist
Soviet agents sack the United States as a Russia. Khruschea went so far as to say, "The
welt of racism-which it is not. only enslaved peoples are in the capitalistic
No one speaks out on this dreadful countries."
anamoly, It Is obvious that those who should
be asserting moral leadership are abdicating
their responsibility. Instead of speaking out
for the immutable truths of God, of the
rights and wrongs of today's society and of
truth and justice, they are compromising In
order to get along with the forces of
mammon.
Churchmen should be moral leaders, not
conformists with an amorphous consensus
that is being eroded from within by enemies
who are dedicated to our destruction.
The situation Is even worse than that, as
we pointed out in our recent column on the
resolutions of the World Council of Churches
at Uppsala, Sweden, wherein churchmen ac-
tually took their stand on the side of the
Chinese Communist Infidels.
As I write I. even if I am alone, am mindful
that It Is captive Nations Week and I shall
try to do something to perpetuate this high
purpose. After at), we are dealing with one
billion of our brothers In the fraternity of
man. This is a burning Issue.
(From the WACL Bulletin, June 19681
Tax VuLNEBABLE Russi&Ns
(By Lev. E. Dobriansky)
Men of today, and even the most reputedly
intellectual of them, have taken it for granted
Dr. Dobriansky deplores the fact that in
the United States there is a great deal of
misunderstanding born of naivete or rank
ignorance of the real nature of the Russian
Empire. This ignorance has led many Ameri-
cans into a maze of tragic contradictions.
The call for peaceful co-existence by the
Russian Imperialists for example, has been
taken at its face value without realizing that
In Communist semantics an Innocent-
look-ing flower really hides a serpent beneath it.
Many persons in the free world have jumped,
as a consequence, to the conclusion that So-
viet Russia means peace, that Soviet Russia's
magnificent obsession is to establish peace
all over the world.
Some influential Americans and well-
meaning Europeans have even gone to the
extent of believing that Russian communism
will eventually evolve into a capitalistic
democracy because of its apparent adoption
of some of the free world's democratic eco-
nomic and social measures. They point out
that "the Russian: doubling of the house-
building rate, added investments in food pro-
duction, the reduction of hours of labor,
greater jcb mobility, the institution of in-
stallment credit, some market determination
of production, th5 profit motive, and in-
creases Ir. pensions and peasant incomes"
are sure indications of the Soviet Conunu-
nlst
t
s
rue spirit of reconciliation with the
and that It is as impregnable as a hermeti- democracies and the principle of free enter-
caily sealed bastion. prise.
With a few bold and sharp blows Dr. Do- The author says with regard to this: "The
brianaky smashes this myth of Russian mono- bounds of human 'llusion are sometimes in-
lithic inviolability. He presents facts and definable." The motivation behind all these
figures, against which no argument to the seemingly progressive and evolutionary eco-
contrary Is possible, that the Russians, after nomic changes is still the acquisition of more
all, are not invulnerable and that, In the first funds and resour:es to pursue Moscow's
place there is no such thing as a Soviet world-wide cold war operations.
Union. It is a vast charnel house where 112 The the:ds of the whole book is quite clear.
million Russians hold in the hollow of one The free world and specially the United
hand the fate of 122 million Non-Russian States of America must see through the
whites the "Captive Nations" groaning be- make-believe front of Soviet Russia, must
neath the heel of the Soviet Communist got deeply involved in the cold war, and
Party. beat Soviet Russia in her own
These hapless, helpless, but not hopeless "ersatz Russian image must be destroyed."
hostages to fortune are being denied the We mist unmask the Russian bear and chow
basic and Irreducible rights of free men by him In his true colors. We must match his
the heartless and inhuman masters of Iles, propaganda with more effective weapons of
deceit, intimidation, propaganda, and the mass communication.
Data morgana peaceful co-existence. Dobriansky says, "On the information and
The Free World, and notably the United propaganda front, our policy should con-
States of America, are now in a state of centrate on tthe captive nations, specially
mesmeric stupor by the Communist experts those in the USSR: the chief source of the
of Soviet cold war strategy and tactics, In world's problem on peace or war.
order to drown the righteous cries and pro- After building up on his thesis that Soviet
tests of the captive nations. This explains Russia can be beaten at her own game,
why the Captive Nations Week Resolution Dobriansky who Is the Chairman of the Na-
passed by the United States Congress in 1959 tional Captive Nations Committee, outlines
Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
September 71, 1968
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
for America and the Free World what can be
done in this respect. He concludes:
"Subject to conditions, climate, and cir-
cumstances, these devices and their uses in-
clude the Kerstern, freedom corps idea, a
Freedom Commission and Academy, a Special
Congressional Committee on the Captive Na-
tions, a revitalized Voice of America and a
Radio Liberation as propaganda media, aid
to underground resistance groups, a commu-
nications network ranging from secret print-
ing to space satellites, economic warfare,
diplomatic manipulations, the U:N. forum,
facilities of friendly and like-minded coun-
tries, subversion of Red control centers,
utilization of labor unions, churches, veteran
groups and other private channels, money
counterfeiting, bribery programs and so forth.
The devices are endless, and the enormous
difference between our use of them and the
enemy's use of some of them is that we could
enlist vastly more among the captives to
participate than he can among free men. Of
incalculable advantage to us is the other
important dimension of the Cold War, namely
between the captive nations and the Red-
controlled state. Building the Johnsonian
bridges of understanding helps the state, not
the people or nation."
This monumental, well-documented book
will certainly make few eyebrows rise-that
is, if they have not been completely brow-
beaten by the Russian Communists.
CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK OBSERVANCE 10TH AN-
NIVERSARY HELD BY PHILADELPHIA CAPTIVE
NATIONS COMMITTEE, SUNDAY, JULY 21,
1968, INDEPENDENCE MALL
PROGRAM
1. National Anthem.
2. Invocation: Very Rev. John J. Falatek,
representing His Eminence John Cardinal
Krol.
3. Opening Remarks: Austin J. App, Ph.D.,
Chairman, Philadelphia Captive Nations
Committee.
4. Reading of President Lyndon B. John-
son's Proclamation: Enrique V. Menocal,
Ph.D.
.__
rnor Raymond P S'ha-
,.a Go
ding
ve
I1 8535
of South Vietnam or of West Berlin, or of
any of our allies anywhere; and
That the U.S. should beware of special
treaties with Soviet Russia, like the pro-
posed nuclear non-proliferation treaty,
which appear to make the U.S. a partner and
supporter of the Soviet-Russian empire; and
That the United Nations put on the
agenda of its General Assembly the problem
of captive nations and investigate, their
plight under communist yoke; and
That, finally, to give more voice to the
American commitment to the eventual in-
dependence of the captive nations the House
of Representatives should establish a Special
Committee on the Captive Nations and ini-
tiate a Congressional review of U.S. policy
towards the USSR; and
Be it further resolved that copies of these
resolutions be transmitted to the President,
the Secretary of State, both Senators from
Pennsylvania, and all Representatives of the
Greater Philadelphia area-and to newspa-
pers, radio and television stations of the
area.
AUSTIN J. APP, Ph. D.,
Chairman.
IGNATIUS M. BILLINSKY,
Executive Vice Chairman,
MARGIT ROHTLA,
Executive Secretary.
ALBERT BAGIAN,
Treasurer.
[From the Philadelphia (Pa.) America,
July 25, 1968]
A FREE WORLD MUST FREE THE CAPTIVE
NATIONS
(By Austin J. App, Ph.D., chairman, Captive
Nations Committee of Greater Philadel-
phia; Address given at the Captive Na-
tions Week , Observance, Independence
Mall, Philadelphia, July 21, 1968)
As chairman of the Greater Philadelphia
Captive Nations Committee I warmly wel-
come all of you to our tenth Captive Nations
observance since Congress first requested it
on July 17, 1959. Our committee is happy
to see so many of you, including so many of-
ficials of various ethnic societies, here today
in Philadelphia's Independence Mall, where
the captive colonies 192 years ago proclaimed
their independence from the British empire.
We who want the captive nations similar-
ly freed from the far more oppressive Soviet
Russian colonialism are grateful to Con-
gress for requesting this annual observance,
to President Johnson for proclaiming this
Captive Nations Week, and to Governor
Shafer for issuing the Commonwealth proc-
lamation and honoring us with his repre-
sentatives, the Honorable Terin C. Hamilton,
to read it. We are gratified that our own
Mayor Tate of Philadelphia, as last year and
the years before, issued a proclamation and
is here to greet us.
The purpose of Captive Nations Week is
to mobilize world opinion to demand free-
dom for both the satellite nations, like Hun-
gary,. Poland, East Germany, Czechoslova-
kia, Rumania, and Bulgaria, and also for the
non-Russia nations within the USSR, like
Estonia, Latvia, Luthuania, Ukraine, Arme-
nia, Cossackia, and others. Congress in 1959
listed twenty-two satellite and captive na-
tions, including North Korea and North
Vietnam, as enslaved by "Communist im-
perialism." Now also Cuba is one of them,
and American boys are dying every day to
keep South Vietnam free I
We and all Americans who observe Cap-
tive National Week, to quote former Presi-
dent Eisenhower in his first proclamation of
1959, want "freedom and independence .
for all the captive nations of the world." But
since 1918 and 1945, happily, Western col-
onialism has practically disappeared. Ire-
land and India, the Philippines and Morocco
are free, Britain and France, Belgium and
Holland have liberated their colonies. Aus-
Ier s rruu-n- ,U ,JL w.. . .
Terim C. Hamilton, Member of the Cabinet. many nations to hopeless Soviet-Russian and
6. Proclamation and Greetings: Hon, communistic Chinese colonialism, by the
James H. J. Tate, Mayor of Philadelphia. moral policy of seeking actively to roll back
7. Address: Hon. Richard S. Schwelker, th~aron also Iron-a recognize coexistence Curtains;
and con-
8. Member of the U.S. Congress.
8. Introduction of Guests of Honor and tainment as inexpedient and dangerous in
Representatives of Nationalities: Mrs. Mar- that it leads to the continuous erosion of
git Rohtla, Secretary, Philadelphia Captive the Free World until the alternative may
Nations Committee, well be total surrender, or total war-at a
9. Introduction of Girls in national cos- moment when the Red bloc is strongest and
tumes, representing various captive nations: the Free World weakest; and
Mrs. Ausra Zerr. That, to prevent this erosion of the area
10. Statement of the United Organizations of freedom, the U.S. should pursue a deter-
of Women From Central and Eastern Europe: mined policy by all moral, diplomatic, and
Mrs. Stephanie Wochok. economic means to bring about the dissolu-
'11. Reading of Resolutions: Mr. Albert tion of Red colonialism, especially the
Bagian, Treasurer, Philadelphia Captive Na- Soviet-Russian empire; and
tions Committee. That it restrict any trade, aid, and ex-
12. Benediction: Rev. Stacey D. Myers, Jr., changes with the Red bloc which help the
representing Bishop Fred P. Corson of the puppet regimes more than the oppressed
Philadelphia Methodist Churches. populations; and
Master of Ceremonies: Mr. Ignatius M. Bil- That it entirely stop all shipments to the
linsky, Executive Vice Chairman, Philadel- Red bloc of such raw materials and machin-
phia Captive Nations Committee. ery which are known to be diverted to the
support of the North Vietnamese aggression
GREATER PHILADELPHIA CAPTIVE NATIONS WEEK and endanger our armed forces; and
RESOLUTIONS That, if the peace talks in Paris do not
(Approved by acclamation at the mass rally soon become constructive, the U.S. should
on Independence Mall, July 21, 1968) give Hanoi the alternative of withdrawing
Whereas, This is the tenth anniversary from South Vietnam or suffer a liberating
since Congress on July 17, 1959, requested the invasion calculated to free the North Viet-
President annually to proclaim the third namese people and 'reunite all Vietnam on
week of July Captive Nations Week "until the basis of self-determination; and
such time as freedom and independence shall That it will not let the peace talks in
have been achieved for all captive nations of Paris become a shield for North Vietnamese
the world", and build-up and increasing attacks and restrain
Whereas, President Lyndon B. Johnson on us from effective counter-measures; and
July 10 proclaimed July 21-27 Captive Na- That the governmental and popular wish
tions Week for 1968, and Governor Raymond for peace, almost at any price, must on no
P. Shafer on July 11 for Pennsylvania, and account seduce us into betraying the people
Mayor James H. J. Tate on July 12 for Phila-
delphia; and -
Whereas, the U.S. is fighting a costly war to
prevent South Vietnam from becoming a
captive natiori like the twenty-two enumer-
ated by Congress in 1959; and
Whereas, the U.S. intervened in both World
Wars in order to promote self-determination
and freedom; and
Whereas, this year marks the passage of 50
years since the conclusion of the First World
War, as result of which many nations, such
as: Armenia, Byelorussia, Cossackia, Estonia,
Georgia, Hungary, Lithuania, Latvia, Poland,
Turkestan, Ukraine and others-gained free-
dom and national independence, but subse-
quently became victims of Soviet-Russian im-
perio-colonialism, having been forcibly de-
prived of the exercise of their sovereignty and
of basic political, religious, soc'i'al, cultural
and economc rights and liberties-and sub-
jugated to continuous oppression and geno-
cide; and
Whereas, these nations together with arti-
ficially formed communist East Germany,
Yugoslavia, Rumania, Bulgaria, Albania,
Mainland China, North Korea, North Viet-
nam, Cuba 'became the terrain for the
realization of the imperialistic plans of Mos-
cow and Peking; and
Whereas, peoples of these captive nations,
despite the terror forced upon them by the
communist rulers, continually strive to free
themselves from the yoke of Soviet-Russian
colonialism and communist oppression;
Now therefore, be it resolved by the Cap-
tive Nations Committee of Greater Philadel-
phia and this assemblage gathered at his-
torical Independence Mall this July 21, 1968,
That the U.S. similarly implement an un-
swerving policy of promoting the self-deter-
mination and independence of the captive
nations forced under communistic Russian
and Chinese colonialism since 1920, many of
whom have long proven their capacity for
self-government; and
That the U.S. regard with benevolence and
judiciously support all honorable and realis-
tic- liberation movements, both within and
without the Red bloc; and
Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
 H 8536
Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE Sepptembrr 11, 1968
tria In 1918 and Japan in 1945 were forced
to free theirs.
The one empire that has not freed a single
one of its enslaved peoples is Soviet Russia.
On the contrary, it has extended Its brutal
colonialism and secured It with such bar-
barisms as the Berlin Wail, the Iron Curtain,
and the tanks and machine guns that In
1953 murdered the freedom fighters of East
Berlin and in 1956 those of Budapest. This
very summer when enslaved Czechoslovakia
started to loosen Its chains, Soviet Russian
tanks moved In for maneuvers-and are still
there!
Yet America and the Free World have for
decades patiently accepted Soviet Russia's
attacks on real and imaginary Western colo-
nialism. They have liberated, often prema-
turely, their African and Asian colonies. But
they have not clearly and consistently de-
manded that Soviet Russia similarly give In-
dependence to its captive and satellite na-
tions. We who observe Captive Nations Week
urgently ask our fellow countrymen and the
world to demand this independence for the
captive nations under Communist domina-
tion.
Happily most Americans, including elected
officials, give at least lip service to freedom
for the satellite nations. These with 102
million people in 393,000 square miles were
betrayed Into Soviet tyranny at Yalta. Even
Americans soft on Communism generally
wish Moscow would free these victims of
Roosevelt-Stalin peace dictating. But they
do not demand it loudly and insistently, and
they certainly don't demonstrate for this
morally required liberation!
Unhappily, when it comes to the captive
nations within the USSR, most liberals and
many poorly informed other Americans do
not even really want Independence for them.
They want to think that the Union of Soviet
Republics is all Russian, ethnically and cul-
turally, the way Californians and Pennayl-
vantans and Texans are American. They tend
to feel that giving Ukraine and the Baltic
nations back their independence would be
dismembering Russia the way In 1945 the
Morgenthauistic victors dismembered Ger-
many. They do not want Russia dismembered
vis-a-vis Germany. Shockingly, even elements
in the government accept the Soviet Russian
empire as a necessary "police system to keel)
law and order." In April, 1963, the U.S. Arms
Control Agency Instructed whom it con-
cerned that "The break-up of the Russian
Communist empire" would be "catastrophic
for world order."
Ladies and gentlemen, It Is this sort of
shocking acceptance of the Red colonialism
on the part of the Free World, this virtual
and semiofficial approval of Soviet Russia, the
most tyrannical colonialism In history, the
only one that ever needed a wall and an Iron
Curtain, not to keep enemies out, but its
own people In, which gives the Red dictators
their prestige and prevents world opinion
and the oppressed peoples from rolling back
and breaking up the Soviet Russian empire.
Morally oriented and freedom loving men
and women must insist that this Red em-
pire dissolve, the way every empire in his-
are no more Russian than the Poles are Rus-
sian, or the Arabs are Turks, or the Irish are
Britons, This must be unequivocally recog-
nized by Americans
These captive peoples Inhabit 2,053,781
square miles of land that has been theirs
for centuries. But if they and their lands
are given their rightful Independence, Rus-
sia will still be three times their size with
6,593,391 square miles. This is twice the
size of continental United States. It would
have a population of 110,000,000 ethnic Rus-
sians. It would therefore still be by far the
largest and the strongest nation in Europe,
about as populous as Germany and France
combined.
That is the rightful Russia which liberat-
Ing the captive nations will establish. It will
have nothing to fear from any country in
Europe, but It will also no longer be a threat
to Western Europe or to world peace. Russia,
once Its captive nations are liberated, will
not be threatened by anyone and will have
no cause to threaten anyone else. The only
serious danger of a third world war, or of a
nuclear war will have been removed.
And we believe this is the only way to re-
move the threat of a third world war. We
believe if the policies recommended in the
Resolutions we are submitting will be Im-
plemented resolutely, if the American peo-
ple. and the American government resolutely
throw all their moral, economic, and
diplomatic support to the aspirations and
efforts for freedom of the captive nations,
these nations can without a world war be
liberated. Not even totalitarian dictators can
long defy righteous, concerted world opinion
aalled with the just aspirations of most of
their people. This liberation we are morally
bound to work for and to pray for-and God
willing to achieve.
UKRAINIAN CONGRESS COMMITTEE RAPS Rus-
SIAN SEIZURE OF CZECHOSLOVAKIA, DEMANDS
BREAK IN DIPLOMATIC RELATroNS BETWEEN
UNrrzn STATES or AMERICA AND U.S.S.R.
NEW YORK, N.Y.-The Ukrainian Congress
Committee of America (UCCA), speaking on
behalf of some 2-mlltion American citizens
of Ukrainian descent,. condemned the Soviet
Russian seizure of Czechoslovakia and de-
manded the immediate suspension of diplo-
matic relations by the United States with the
USSR and three other Communist states
which took part In the invasion of Czecho-
slovakia.
Dr. Lev E. Dobrlansky, Georgetown Univer-
sity professor and President of the UCCA,
dispatched-a letter to Secretary of State Dean
Rusk urging strong and immediate action by
the U.S. Government. In It the UCCA Presi-
dent called for "Immediate suspension of
diplomatic relations with the USSR," sus-
pension of all trade and cultural exchange
agreements, an action In the U.N. Security
Council toward the withdrawal of all foreign
troops from Czechoslovakia, the Immediate
convocation of the NATOallies for "redress-
ing Its military posture" and "Immediate
and unstinted support of the Captive Na-
tions," who will prove "to be the surest and
most dependable allies of the United States."
nialism cannot be a way of life Ina world In conclusion, Dr. Dobriansky pointed out
that preaches human rights and democracy that our policy of not "Inconveniencing the
membering Russia ?."??? ??`u wwutarcans to ooiaer sets or
proper. We want a strong aggression and provocation.
and healthy Russia, but a Russia of Russians, (Text of UCCA Letter to Secretary of-State
not one of a majority of enslaved foreign na- Dean Rusk is attached.)
ttonalities, a Russia brought down to its own
size. The Soviet Russian empire now, the UKRAINIAN CONGRESS COMMITTEE
USSR, is an inunense area of 8,647,172 square or AMERICA. INC..
miles, more than the U.S. and Canada and New York, N.Y., August 28, 1968,
Mexico together, It is almost three times Ron. DEA,r Rusx,
the size of China, and of Australia, and six Secretary of State,
times the size of India. Department of State,
It has a population of 235,000,000, but of Washington, D.C.
these only 110 million are Russian, the other DEAR Ma. SECRETARY: The Ukrainian Con-
125 million are Ukrainians, Baits, Belorus- gress Committee of America, representing
scans and others. They speak their own lan- over 2-million American citizens of Ukrain-
guages and have their own culture. They Ian ancestry, is deeply shocked at and Con-
cerned over the brutal aggression against
an invasion of Czechoslovakia by the Soviet
Union and its subservient Communist satel-
lites of Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria and East
Germany.
This act of naked rape and violation of a
soverign state by the powerful militaristic
Soviet Rtsslan empire is one of the latest
sots of aggression and violation of other na-
tions' rights and ac-verelgnities.
The underlying reason for this unprovoked
invasion was the fear of the gremlin lead-
ers-not fear of the Czechoslovak army num-
bering some 175,000 men-but fear of the
Ideals of freedom= which threatened the
shaky Russian Communist empire.
We are writing you, Mr. Secretary, to urge
you to undertake necessary steps by the U.S.
Government to place the Soviet government
in its proper light In the eyes of the world,
namely, to condemn the USSR as an un-
bridled aggressor and violator of the sover-
eignty of Czechoslovakia.
In protesting against the invasion of
Czechslovakia by the Soviet Union and Its
allies, the Ukrainian Congress Committee of
America is especially concerned with the ef-
fect the Invasion may have on the 45-mi'lion
Ukrainian nation which neighbors Czechoslo-
vakia. As you undoubtedly know, the Soviet
government has been ruthlessly persecuting
Ukrainian intellectuals and youth for clam-
oring for more freedom and for the develop-
ment of Ukrainian culture, literature and the
Ukrainian language. According to latest re-
liable reports, the events in Czechoslovakia
spurred Soviet Russian persecution of the
Ukrainian people, especially persecution of
the Ukrainian intellectual elite-writers,
poets, literary critics, professors, scientists,
and the like.
Furthermore, Mr. Secretary, the Russian
Communla; Invasion of Czechoslovakia has
placed the Ukralni lm national minority in
Eastern Slovakia at the mercy of Russian
Communism. There are some 150,000 Ukrain-
ians in Eastern Slovakia, who had been al-
lowed by the Dubcek government the free
development of their national culture and
traditions, and above all, their religious life.
The Ukrainian Rite Catholic Church was ofti-
otaily restored last May by the Prague gov-
ernment, and some 125,000 Ukrainian Rite
Catholics were allowed to practice their own
traditional religion in freedom tinder their
spiritual loader, Bishop Vasyl Hopo, who
spent 13 years In Communist jails under the
Stalinist rule of Ar_tonin Novotny. Now all
these newly-gained freedoms of the Ukrain-
Ian minority in Czechoslovakia may be ex-
pected to he curtai:ed or totally eradicated
by the Russian Communist totalitarians
The shameless Invasion of Czechoslovakia
by the Soviet Union demonstrates once again
the undeniable truth that the Soviet Union
Is the continuation of the old Czarist empire,
and that Communist ideology serves only as
a cover for traditional Russian imperialism
and colonialism. Moreover, the myth propa-
gated by some in our government that "Rus-
atarl Communism has mellowed" has beocme
indefensible farce, in view of the aggres::ive
designs of Communist Russia toward other
Communist states, such as Rumania eind
Yugoslavia.
Therefore, on behalf of the Ukrainian Con-
gress Committee of America we would like
to suggest to you to take the following steps:
1. Immediate suspension of diplomatic re-
lations with the USSR and its Commurist
puppet governments of Poland. Hungary and
Bulgaria;
2. Immed.ate suspension of all trade agree-
ments and cultural exchange pacts with the
USSR and its three satellites which ware
guilty of contributing to the military ag-
gression against Czechoslovakia;
3, Immediate action on the part of the U.S.
Government in the U.N. Security Council for
the purpose of vigorous and serious demands
for the complete withdrawal of ail foreign
troops from Czechoslovakia;
Approved For Release 2006/11/27.: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
 Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
September 31, 1968 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
4. Immediate convocation of the NATO
Allies for the purpose of revising its obso-
lete policies and redressing its military pos-
ture to meet the new Russian threat to West-
ern Europe; ,
5. Immediate and unstinted support of the
Captive Nations, held in bondage by the
Soviet Union, who will prove to be the surest
and most dependable allies of the United
States.
In conclusion, Mr. Secretary, we wish to
point out that our policy of caution and
"bridge-building" has proven not only un-
realistic and naive, but also very dangerous
to our national security and to the safety
of the free world. Our policy of not "incon-
veniencing the Russians," which was followed
by the- rest of the free world, has encour-
aged the Kremlin militarists and totalitari-
ans to bolder acts of aggression and provo-
cation.
We sincerely hope that the death of free-
dom in Czechoslovakia and the occupation of
that country by Soviet and other Commu=
nist troops will serve as a severe lesson to all
who thought that Communist Russia under
the Brezhnev-Kosygin leadership is not an
enemy of the civilized world.
We respectfully submit, Mr. Secretary, that
the U.S. Government will lose prestige as a
world power and champion of freedom if it
permits the brutal Soviet Russian Invasion
of Czechoslovakia to go unchallenged.
Respectfully yours,
LEV E. DOBRIANSKY,
President.
COAL MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY
ACT OF 1968
(Mr. FLOOD asked and was given per-
mission to extend his remarks at this
point in the RECORD and to include ex-
traneous matter.)
Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, the new coal
mine health and safety legislation pro-
posed by the administration is designed
specifically to remedy a major weakness
in our existing law. This deficiency is the
lack of enforcement provisions that can
effectively control hazards in the most
dangerous part of any operating coal
mine.
Right now our Federal mine?inspectors
are powerless to enforce essential safety
standards at the very point of greatest
danger underground-.-the working face
of the mine. When an inspector, in the
course of his duty, reaches the place
where the coal is actually being extracted
from the seam, he can point out haz-
ardous conditions and recommend cor-
rective measures. He can even plead for
action; but beyond that he is powerless.
He can only hope that no accident occurs.
The proposed Federal Coal Mine
Health and Safety Act of 1968 recognizes
this shortcoming in the present law. This
bill would, for the first time, extend Fed-
eral enforcement to the face of the mine.
And it would back that enforcement with
penalties strong enough to assure that
hazardous conditions called to an op-
erator's attention are promptly and ade-
quately corrected.
Experience since the passage of the
law that is now in force has shown clear-
ly the inadequacies of that law. Knowing
the deficiency, and having been presented
with a remedy, we can no longer ignore
our responsibilities. We must take action
now.
HOUR OF MEETING -
Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask
unanimous consent that when the House
adjourns today it adjourn to meet to-
morrow at 11 a.m.
The SPEAKER pro tempore (Mr.
ROSTENKOWSKI). Is there -objection
to the request of the gentleman from
Massachusetts?
Mr. GROSS. Reserving the right to
object, Mr. Speaker, what will be the
business on tomorrow other than the
Defense appropriation bill?
Mr. McCORMACK. We have the con-
ference report on the redwoods bill. Then
there is the further consideration of
the appropriation bill and' there is the
national scenic rivers bill. With the dis-
posal of those matters, we would then
hope to go over until the following Mon-
day. - -
Mr. GROSS. And any other business
that was programed for this week will
not be called up this week; is that
correct?
Mr. MoCORMACK. That is correct,
the gentleman has correctly stated the
situation.
Mr. GROSS, Mr. Speaker, I withdraw
my reservation of objection.
Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker, further
reserving the right to object, has it
been decided exactly how the bills will
come up?. Will the Defense appropria-
tion bill be on the calendar first on to-
morrow?
Mr. McCORMACK, I would say, I
think the Defense bill would be first. The
chairman is anxious to dispose of this
bill and certainly the leadership is
anxious to dispose of the bill so -I will
make the statement that we will con-
tinue with the Defense Department ap-
propriation bill. Then the redwoods con-
ference report will be the next order of
business, and following .that the na-
tional scenic rivers bill.
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, will the
gentleman yield?
Mr. LIPSCOMB. I yield to the gentle-
man, -
Mr. GROSS. Mr. Speaker, It Is not
planned then. to bring up the foreign aid
conference report?
Mr. McCORMACK. No; not this week.
Mr. LIPSCOMB. Mr. Speaker,`I with-
draw my reservation of objection.
- The SPEAKER pro tempore - (Mr.
ROSTENKOWSKI). Is there objection to
the request of the gentleman from Mas-
sachusetts?
There was no objection.
THE TRUCK BILL
The SPEAKER pro tempore. Under
previous order of the House, the gentle-
man from Iowa [Mr. SCHWENGEL] Is
recognized for 60 minutes.
Mr. SCHWENGEL. Mr. Speaker, last
week I referred to the fact that the na-
tional press has overwhelmingly ex-
pressed its dissatisfaction with the truck
bill before the House. Of the nearly 300
newspapers which haven taken an edi-
torial stand on this bill, I have found
only one which has supported it. Today,
Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70BOO
H 8537
I am inserting in the RECORD editorials
and columns from newspapers all over
the country. I want the Members to look
closely at them. They express the senti-
ment of the people of America and not
just a small special-interest group. They
are not, concerned with increased profits
or special - advantage but with the well-
being of our Nation's cities and towns.
The editorials I am inserting are -just
a sampling of the feeling of our news-
papers. I urge all to heed their dire warn-
ings and to oppose this bill before the
House. The editorials follow:-
[From the Knoxville (Tenn.) News-Sentinel,
July 14, 1968]
FREIGHT TRAINs-No RAILS
If you drive a normal-sized vehicle on the
public highways, prepare to be awed. If
not scared.
Congress is in the process of legalizing
highway freight trains.
According to the report of the House Pub-
lic Works Committee, which has cleared a
new truck-weight bill for House action,
boxcars on tires up to 69 tons would be per-
mitted on the Interstate highway system.
Four committee - members who voted
against the bill (already passed by the Sen-
ate) said they had some doubt whether even
the 69-ton limit would be effective.
The bill not only raises the weight limits,
but increases width limits and would per-
mit triple-trailer trucks.
The Public Works Committee rationalizes
this startling increase in roadway giants by
claiming "beneficial effects on the economy"
and vaguely suggesting that "savings" from
the use of the' huge trucks might be passed
along to consumers and "work to the ad-
vantage of the public in general,"
We are much more impressed by the
minority report which points out that the
bill carries no now taxes or charges for these
behemoths of the beltway, although the
Federal Budget Bureau said increased user
charges were an "essential complement" to
the higher weight limits.
The Budget Bureau said the bigger trucks
would raise the costs and reduce the life
of the highways. The Public Roads Bureau
director said such trucks would "overstress"
the bridges on the Interstate highway sys-
tem by 32 to 36 per cent, - -
This legislation, the minority commit-
teeman said, was opposed in testimony be
fore the committee by the American Asso-
ciation of State Highway Officials; the -
American Automobile Association, the U.S.
Conference of Mayors and by many state
highway departments.
All this was ignored by the majority of
the House Public Works Committee, just as
it was ignored by the Senate.
So, if the House approves the bill, the tax-
payers will be stuck again, highways will
deteriorate faster than before and the mo-
torist-well, if some of the monsters now
on the roads make him nervous, wait until
these new freight trains roar up behind him!
Talk of lesser juggernauts boiled up on
Capitol Hill in Nashville last January when
a-65-foot, not-over-73,000-pound twin-trailer
rig was put on display by the Tennessee Mo-
tor - Transport Association. -
Fortunately the outcry over the proposed
increase of 10 feet in length was such across
the state that a bill to allow the twin-rigs
was never introduced in the state Legislature.
But now we are faced with a greater men-
ace. If you're concerned, let Reps. Duncan,
Quillen, Brock, Evins and others hear from
you. The time to blow your horn for safety
is now. -
 Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6
1l8538 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - HOUSE
[From the Chattanooga (Tenn.) Times,
July 26, 1968]
BACKFIRE ON TRUCK-TRAINS
One need not deny the usefulness to
American society of the trucking industry
to recognize that the Industry's interest and
the public interest are sometimes in conflict.
This seems to be one of those times.
Despite disapproval of the chief federal
highway engineer and many, perhaps all gov-
ernors, Congress is looking with favor on leg-
istatlon, which could result in virtual truck-
trains on Interstate highways and connect-
ing roads. Expressing his opposition to the
pending bill, Gov. Ellington-who In not
much known, by the way, for bucking truck-
ers--noted that the proposed additions to
length, weight and width of cargo trucks
would increase wear on the expensive Inter-
state system and result in higher mainte-
nance costa to the states.
Reportedly, many Influential and strate-
gically placed representatives and senators
have beneiitted from trucking Industry con-
tributions to their campaigns. Such ques-
tionable lobbying can backfire, however. if
the public is sufficiently aroused.
[From the New York Times, Aug. 6, 19581
TaucKERs BEARING GIFTS
Do you want longer, wider and heavier
trucks on the highways?
It 1s doubtful if very many people outside
the trucking Industry Would answer that
question affirmatively, Yet the Senate last
April without a record vote passed a bill
which would permit trucks on the Interstate
highway system to be a foot wider and to In-
crease their gross weight from the present
limit of 73,000 pounds to as much as 136.000
pounds or more. The new limit Is not easily
defined because it is figured according to a
formula, based on a truck's wheelbase and
number of sides. Since there is no limit on
the length of truck-trailer combinations,
trucks pulling two trailers would become
common and those pulling three would be
feasible..
The American Automobile Association has
properly characterized these enormous truck-
trallers as "rubber-tired freight trains on the
nation's roads" and warned of the Increased
peril they would present for ordinary motor-
ists. Moreover, incalculable sums running
into the hundreds of millions of dollars will
be needed to strengthen existing bridges to
sustain such truckloads and to rebuild roads
worn out prematurely. Yet the House Public
Works Committee has cleared this bill for
floor action.
So far this Is a fairly familiar tale of an
Industry pushing a piece of special-interest
legislation through Congress. But the story
gained added significance when enterprising
reporters of The Washington Daily News and
The Des Moines Register analyzed the recent
political campaign contributions of the truck
operators' "nonpartisan committee." It
turned out that fifteen members of the House
Public Works Committee in both parties have
received contributions ranging from $500 to
$1,500 apiece. For Representative John
Kiuczynski, Democrat of Illinois, Chairman
of the Public Roads Subcommittee and the
man more responsible than anyone else for
the execrable, lobbying-loving highway bill,
the truckers recently bought $2,000 worth of
tickets.
A similar pattern of contributions exists
for thirteen members of the House Interstate
Commerce Committee which recently cleared
another bill desired by the commercial truck-
ers which would have the effect of cutting
down on their competition from trucks
owned by farm cooperatives.
Representative Fred Schwengel, Repub-
lican of Iowa, has courageously called
attention of the House to these disclosures
and written the House Ethics Committee
urging an inquiry. For his efforts, we think
Mr. Schwengel deserves a medal Instead Of
the punch in the nose which one self-right-
eous member-Reprosentatlve Dingell of
Michigan-threatened to give him. A full
Investigation of the trucking Industry's ef-
forte to influence legislation is clearly nec-
essary,
[From the Newark (N.J.) News. July 18, 1968]
HIGHWAY MONSTERS
The trucking lobby to roaring along it high
speed In its crusade for bigger trucks. A bill
to increase the weight limits per axle and
widths of trucks using'the Federal Interstate
Highway system has passed the Senate and
has been approved by the House Public Works
Committee. Now the House will decide on
the measure. which opponents fear will mean
trucks nine feet wide and weighing In excess
of 138,000 pounds.
Of course, the proliferation of these mon-
sters would spill over into congested cities.
And the punishment inflicted on the nation's
highways has been summarized by the Amer-
ican Association Of State Highway O8lcials:
a reduction in pavement life of 20 per cent
and an Increase of resurfacing costs of 30 per
cent. The l $..Bureau of Public Roads puts
the mortals" cost at;1.8 bllllon,,_
In -adctlon, Federal Highway Cgysamis-
constitute onfy 7 per cent of the nation's
motor vehicles,-they have been involved in
19 per cent of ilke lghway fatalities. For
every truck driver ud killed, 38 others have
died, according to U.S. Bureau of Motor
Carrier Safety.
The haulers and their,, friends in Congress
aee bigger trucks as necessary to Increase
profits. What they would dq to the rest of us
Is apparently none of the industry's concern.
[From the New York Times, Aug. 28. 1008)
Crrr DECarss U.S. Bna, To RAISE Taucs LOAD
IJMITe
(By Seth S. King)
Se1)tembc', if; 1968
In addition to the increase in allowable
gross weights to 138,000 pounds, the Federal
legislation would allow widths to be increased
from eight to nine feet, including safety gear,
The American Automobile Assocition and
the United States Conference of Mayors have
already registered strenuous objections to the
Federal bill.
[ From the Durham, N.C. Herald,
Aug. 14,1968 1
TRUCK TRAINS COST AND HAZARD
It to gratifying to see a growing concern
over and a rising opposition to passage of
the bill to allow the use of triple.-trailers on
Interstate highways (8-2658). This past
Sunday, the Automobile Club of Virginia
took a fu1-page advertisement In some of
the papertr of that state to point out the
heavy cost. In traffic safety and in highway
maintenance costs, enactment of this bill
.would put upon to people of the United
States.
This bill has already passed the Senate
and In expected to come to a vote in the
House of Representatives when Congress
reconvenes after the convention recess.
There Is still time for those concerned for
highway safety to let their representatives
tralle' ,,measuring over 100 feet In lengt'I to
use the bi;hways.
Recognizing that such truck trains must
be loaded and unloaded off the interstate
highways and must use other streets and
roads to get to the highways, the United
States Conference of Mayor:u recently
adopted a resolutlc?n urging defeat of this
bill because the increase In size and weight
of trucks will "shorten the service life of
existing highways facilities and multiply the
financial burden of all street and road au-
thorities for maintaining and replacing
roads and streets prematurely damaged."
The Virgnla advertisement quotes Douglas
Fu
B
ate
.
.
g
,
wmm)nee of highways in that
The city joined yesterday in the inrotests
against Federal legislation that would allow ate' as saying that enactment of this bill
would
t
wider, longer, and heavier trucks to operate bridges on require the to primary ye h1,430 of ighways the 1 there .6 a at
on Interstate roadways.
Commissioner of Highways Constantine a cost of 61a1,000,ove would uld in increase new
8ldamon-Erlatofi warned that this legislation, pavement costa by aver 15 per cent to wary
which would permit gross truck weights up the added Weight, and would increawtno highvr
to 138.000 pounds, could bring vehicles onto way m,oooptr ranee year, I teat stn
city streets that damage surfaces and break dustry pay these , Will the trucking which
t
down utility systems underneath. ~ne add additional coats No. the
In a letter to Peter F. Tufo, the city's leg" would boe individual nefit only that axpayers whom hom the he industry?
truck trains
istative representative in Washington, Mr. will, force off the sighways will bear the
8idamop-Eristoff said that most of the city's gr.eatpr part of the burden. It would be
8,000 miles of streets were designed for maxi- Inter ting to get from the North Carolina
mum loads of 72,000 pounds. High y Commiselcn an estimate of the
They are constructed under regulations es- added 8-2658 would put on this state,
tablished by the Board of Estimate in 1912 alreed hard-pressed to find the money to
and only anghty amended In 1926, be said. keep I highway system up-to-date.
"These regulations had an their purpose cost n't all. Even more ai lfr.ant is Ale
the develonment of It elty concerned with gn
living ipacs and not super trucks," the com- "-T u us elucey, in wnicn nunman health
living nSz said. and fe are at stake. According to the Bureau
missio
highways tow limit gross weights to 71,000 "'vu'a invrvcring v ucxa and resulting in
pounds, le an the current Federal llml eath or 1r.. ies are collisions with auto-
bil
I
es.
n
of 72,000. BuE`tjlese limits do not apply of mo
automobiles such die ato ccidents, 38 cower s
New York City, .Sldamon-Eristoff revery truck driver. I n
Be noted that leglsl was endln this connection, it fray be noted also that
before the City council to nd the state according to Lowell K. Bridwei, federal
regulations to city streets, highway adminiatratur, heavy trucks consti-
The Commissioners of Highways and Traffic tuts only seven per cent of the registered
have the authority to require permits for motor vehlc:.es in the United Stater. travel 11
certain typos of oversized vehicles. But some Melee cent of the total mileage of motor ve-
streets within the city are governed by red- elee in this county, but are involved in
oral regulations. 19 per cent of highway fatalities. Ia It any
The city's streets cover large systems of wonder the: those Concerned for highway
water, sewer, gas, electricity, and telephone safety are opposed to a bill which wordd
lines. They are not, Mr. Sidamon-Erlatoff markedly increase tie size and weight of
said, designed to carry the vehicular loads trucks using the highways?
al l
i
l
a,,,.. -
contemplated In the Fed
er
eg
s
a
The Senate has passed the truck legiela- grrom Inc ureenaooro (N.C.) Ness July 24,
tion. It has also been approved by the House 111681
Public Works Committee, but has not been Tarei.x-Taartzs TRUCKS
voted on by the full House of Represents- The domino theory may not make a great
Lives, deal Of sense In Its Southeast Asian applics-
Approved For Release 2006/11/27: CIA-RDP70B00338R000300190045-6